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were allowed to stay with him. As a grown man, Ying did not even know of such common animals as cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, dogs, and pigs. Wang gave his granddaughter to the Duke of Ding'an in marriage. She was the daughter of his son Wang Yu (王宇), whom he had forced to commit suicide in 3 CE
200:
in place of the Han. During the Xin dynasty, Ying was under effective house arrest—so much so that as an adult, he did not even know the names of common animals. Before and after the Xin dynasty was overthrown in 23 CE, a number of ambitious individuals claimed to be restoring the Han dynasty. In 25
343:
After Zhai and Liu Xin were defeated, Wang became even more satisfied that the empire was entirely under his control, and decided to finally seize the throne and start a new dynasty. In the winter of 8 CE, a prophecy written on a casket was presented by Ai Zhang (哀章). The prophecy was said to be a
244:
There were 53 great-grandsons of
Emperor Xuan then still living by this stage, but they were all adults, and Wang Mang disliked that situation. He wanted a child whom he could control. Therefore, he declared that it was inappropriate for members of the same generation to succeed each other (even
360:
In the spring of 9 CE, Wang Mang, now emperor, made the former
Emperor Ruzi the Duke of Ding'an (and made his daughter, the former Empress Dowager, Duchess Dowager). The dukedom allegedly included 10,000 households, in which Han emperors were to be enshrined in temples, and Han calendars and
328:. They declared Liu Xin emperor. Wang Mang responded by sending messengers around the nation to pledge that he would in fact return the throne to Emperor Ruzi once Ruzi was an adult. Wang's armies defeated Zhai and Liu's armies in the winter of 7 CE, and Zhai was captured and executed by
256:
about himself, had made it an open secret that he encouraged the manufacturing of false prophecies that would call for him to have more and more power; this appears to be one of those instances.) Wang had his political allies force his aunt, Grand
Empress Dowager
361:
uniforms would be allowed. However, Wang did not actually follow through on these promises. Indeed, he never allowed the Duke of Ding'an to rule his dukedom, but effectively put the child duke under house arrest under heavy guard. Not even his
264:
On 17 April 6 CE, Acting
Emperor Wang selected Ying, then just one year old, as the designated successor to Emperor Ping, claiming that soothsayers told him that Ying was the candidate most favoured by the gods. He gave Ying the epithet
348:(Liu Bang) stating that the throne should be given to Wang, and that Empress Dowager Wang (who was Wang Mang's own daughter) should follow this divine will. Wang issued a decree accepting the position of emperor and establishing the
366:
after Wang Yu, unhappy with his dictatorial rule, had conspired with
Emperor Ping's uncles from the Wei clan in order to overthrow him. Other than this, not much is known about the Duke of Ding'an's life during the Xin dynasty.
217:, once grown-up, would retaliate against him for having slaughtered his uncles in 3 CE, murdered Emperor Ping by poisoning him. Because the young emperor had not had any children by his wife
261:, to issue an edict granting him the title of "Acting Emperor" (假皇帝), with the commission to rule as emperor until a great-great-grandson of Emperor Xuan could be selected and raised.
245:
though
Emperor Ping had succeeded his cousin Emperor Ai several years earlier). He then considered the 23 great-great-grandsons of Emperor Xuan—all of whom were infants or toddlers.
1229:
335:
In 9 CE (after Wang Mang had usurped the throne), Liu Kuai (劉快), the
Marquess of Xuxiang, attacked the Fuchong dukedom of his brother Liu Ying (劉殷), the former Prince of
324:) started the largest of these rebellions. They were joined by agrarian rebellion leaders Zhao Peng (趙朋) and Huo Hong (霍鴻) from the area immediately west of the capital
184:. He was the titular ruler of the Han Empire from 6 CE to 9 CE, even though he did not officially ascend to the throne and only assumed the title of crown prince. After
205:
used Liu Ying as a focus, and when the rebellion was defeated, Liu Ying was killed. He is often viewed as an innocent child who was the victim of tragic circumstances.
293:
Several members of the imperial Liu clan were suspicious of Acting
Emperor Wang's intentions. They started or assisted in several failed rebellions against Wang:
196:
chose the youngest of the available successors in order to maintain his power in the government. The child Ying was soon deposed by Wang Mang who declared the
233:
had no issue, and sons of the other two, Liu Kang, Prince of
Dingtao (劉康) and Liu Xing, Prince of Zhongshan (劉興), had succeeded to the imperial throne (as
393:). In February or March 25, Gengshi Emperor sent his prime minister Li Song (李松) to attack them, and wiped out this rebel force, killing Liu Ying.
252:
submitted a rock with a mysterious red writing on it -- "Wang Mang, the Duke of Anhan, should be emperor." (During his regency, Wang, building a
1193:
305:). His attack failed, but historians did not specify what happened to him, only that as punishment, Wang had his house filled with filthy water.
1225:
382:
378:. However, due to Gengshi Emperor's incompetence, conspiracies and rebellions arose throughout the empire, seeking to displace him.
385:(隗囂), and a man named Gong Lin (弓林)—and their group of several thousand men, after kidnapping Ying, occupied Linjing (臨涇, in modern
374:
After the Xin dynasty was overthrown in 23 CE and Wang Mang was killed, the imperial descendant Liu Xuan (劉玄) became emperor as the
277:—to claim that he was as faithful as the Duke of Zhou. However, Emperor Ruzi did not ascend the throne, but was given the title of
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Two co-conspirators started one of these rebellions in 25 CE—Fang Wang (方望), the former strategist for the local warlord
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In 5 CE, Wang Mang, then already nearly unlimited in power as the imperial regent and fearful that the 13-year-old
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and
Emperor Ping, respectively) and died without issue. The descendants of Emperor Ping's great-grandfather
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In 6 CE, Liu Chong (劉崇), the Marquess of Anzhong, made an attack against Wancheng (宛城, in modern
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712:. The month corresponds to 17 Feb to 17 Mar 25 in the Julian calendar.
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had when he was in his minority and under the regency of Ji Dan, the
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166:'Infant Ying'; 5 – February or March 25 CE), personal name
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While the examination process was proceeding, the mayor of South
121:
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20:
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339:. He was defeated and died while fleeing from the battle.
281:. Empress Wang, who was only 14, was given the title
241:were therefore considered as possible successors.
229:, had no surviving male issue. Of his three sons,
225:, there was no heir. Emperor Ping's grandfather,
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892:
16:Last ruler of the Western Han dynasty (5–25 CE)
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208:
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751:day of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the
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725:Dynastic China: An Elementary History
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755:era, per Wang Mang's biography in
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704:1st month of the 1st year of the
411:(初始) November 8 CE – January 9 CE
405:(居攝) February 6 CE – October 8 CE
23:, the last ruler of Qin dynasty.
728:. The Other Press. p. 97.
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686:Family tree of the Han dynasty
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1194:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
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180:of China and the last of the
1274:1st-century Chinese monarchs
1254:Monarchs deposed as children
1249:Western Han dynasty emperors
722:San, Tan Koon (2014-08-15).
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201:CE, a rebellion against the
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356:Life during the Xin dynasty
209:Choice as the titular ruler
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424:Lady, of the Wang clan (
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19:Not to be confused with
269:—the same epithet that
330:drawing and quartering
176:), was a ruler of the
710:Book of the Later Han
1100:Marquess of Beixiang
457:Liu Xiao (d. 25 BCE)
192:died without heirs,
822:Emperor Ping of Han
788:Emperor Ruzi of Han
344:divine decree from
182:Western Han dynasty
64:Emperor Ping of Han
271:King Cheng of Zhou
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735:978-983-9541-88-5
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1178:S. Dynasties
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279:crown prince
275:Duke of Zhou
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239:Emperor Xuan
227:Emperor Yuan
219:Empress Wang
215:Emperor Ping
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190:Emperor Ping
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1264:AD 5 births
1174:16 Kingdoms
1062:Eastern Han
1014:Xin dynasty
911:Western Han
903:Han dynasty
835:Western Han
773:Book of Han
757:Book of Han
350:Xin dynasty
346:Emperor Gao
198:Xin dynasty
178:Han dynasty
131:Western Han
60:Predecessor
46:Han dynasty
1243:Categories
1166:3 Kingdoms
929:Empress Lü
692:References
420:Consorts:
363:wet nurses
235:Emperor Ai
223:concubines
186:Emperor Ai
1269:25 deaths
1052:Liu Penzi
1024:Wang Mang
855:Wang Mang
844:Wang Mang
397:Era names
194:Wang Mang
157:Rúzi Yīng
140:Ruzi Ying
70:Successor
1130:Liu Bian
934:Qianshao
680:See also
531:Liu Xian
435:Ancestry
387:Qingyang
383:Wei Xiao
337:Jiaodong
326:Chang'an
322:Shandong
250:Chang'an
168:Liu Ying
29:Liu Ying
1070:Guangwu
1047:Gengshi
939:Houshao
480:Liu Xun
299:Nanyang
144:Chinese
122:Dynasty
105:Unknown
1206:W. Xia
1039:Chimei
966:Liu He
804:
778:vol. 8
753:Ju'she
749:jichou
732:
706:Jianwu
416:Family
409:Chushi
318:Tai'an
310:Puyang
154::
152:pinyin
146::
101:Burial
76:of Han
55:6–9 CE
21:Ziying
1150:Shang
1110:Chong
1090:Shang
1080:Zhang
1035:Lülin
981:Cheng
919:Gaozu
848:(6–9)
842:with
806:Died:
799:Born:
403:Jushe
391:Gansu
370:Death
314:Henan
303:Henan
112:House
96:25 CE
52:Reign
1222:Qing
1218:Ming
1214:Yuan
1202:Song
1198:Liao
1190:Tang
1154:Zhou
1135:Xian
1125:Ling
1120:Huan
1105:Shun
1075:Ming
1037:and
996:Ruzi
991:Ping
976:Yuan
971:Xuan
961:Zhao
951:Jing
730:ISBN
267:Ruzi
188:and
163:lit.
93:Died
88:5 CE
85:Born
1230:PRC
1226:ROC
1210:Jīn
1186:Sui
1170:Jìn
1162:Han
1158:Qin
1146:Xia
1115:Zhi
946:Wen
924:Hui
839:6–9
148:孺子嬰
127:Han
116:Liu
1245::
1228:/
1224:→
1220:→
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1204:/
1200:/
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1085:He
986:Ai
956:Wu
808:25
776:,
427:王氏
389:,
352:.
320:,
312:,
301:,
285:.
173:劉嬰
160:;
150:;
34:劉嬰
1026:)
1022:(
1016:)
1012:(
1005:漢
886:e
879:t
872:v
801:5
780:.
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170:(
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129:(
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