S-75 Dvina - Knowledge

1003: 1067:(ECM) resistance. They also introduced a passive guidance mode, whereby the tracking radar could lock onto the jamming signal itself and guide missiles directly towards the jamming source. This also meant the SAM site's tracking radar could be turned off, which prevented Shrikes from homing in on it. New tactics were developed to combat the Shrike. One of them was to point the radar to the side and then turn it off briefly. Since the Shrike was a relatively primitive anti-radiation missile, it would follow the beam away from the radar and then simply crash when it lost the signal (after the radar was turned off). SAM crews could briefly illuminate a hostile aircraft to see if the target was equipped with a Shrike. If the aircraft fired a missile, the Shrike could be neutralized with the side-pointing technique without sacrificing any S-75s. Another tactic was a "false launch" in which missile guidance signals were transmitted without a missile being launched. This could distract enemy pilots, or even occasionally cause them to drop ordnance prematurely to lighten their aircraft enough to dodge the nonexistent missile. 2664: 2759: 881: 2610: 2361: 2446: 2375: 714: 1166: 815: 2569: 2541: 180: 1763:) (NATO codename SA-2) with Fan Song-A guidance radar and V-750 or V-750V missiles. Initial deployment began in 1957. The combined missile and booster was 10.6 m (35 ft) long, with a booster having a diameter of 0.65 m (26 in), and the missile a diameter of 0.5 m (20 in). Launch weight is 2,287 kg (5,042 lb). The missile has a maximum effective range of 30 km (19 mi), a minimum range of 8 km (5.0 mi), and an intercept altitude envelope of between 450 and 25,000 m (1,480 and 82,020 ft). 2797: 2096: 2416: 1011: 1205: 2474: 2460: 2732: 1868: 741: 1811:(35.4 ft) long and has the same body diameters and warhead as the V-75M, but the weight is increased to 2,450 kg (5,400 lb). The effective maximum range is 43 km (27 mi), the minimum range is 6 km (3.7 mi), and the intercept altitude envelope is between 250 and 25,000 m (820 and 82,020 ft). Improved aircraft counter measures led to the development of the Fan Song-E with its better antennas which could cut through heavy jamming. 2487: 2267: 2719: 2623: 2784: 2746: 2555: 2239: 2225: 2155: 2597: 2104: 2583: 2433: 2197: 2678: 2281: 873: 2771: 2513: 2403: 2253: 2141: 2691: 2500: 2327: 2299: 2015: 78: 2389: 2127: 2705: 2341: 2313: 2183: 1793:) (NATO codename SA-2B). This version featured upgraded Fan Song-B radars with V-750VK and V-750VN missiles. This second deployment version entered service in 1959. The missiles were slightly longer than the A versions, at 10,800 mm (35.4 ft), due to a more powerful booster. The Desna could engage targets at altitudes between 500 and 30,000 m (1,600 and 98,400 ft) and ranges up to 34 km (21 mi). 763:. This program focused on producing a missile which could bring down a large, non-maneuvering, high-altitude aircraft. As such it did not need to be highly maneuverable, merely fast and able to resist aircraft counter-measures. For such a pioneering system, development proceeded rapidly, and testing began a few years later. In 1957, the wider public first became aware of the S-75 when the missile was shown at that year's 2169: 37: 2211: 2088: 2068: 2636: 2650: 2527: 1041:. The Vietnamese knew US aircraft were coming, and set up many 23 mm (0.91 in) and 37 mm (1.5 in) anti-aircraft guns at the two SAM sites. These anti-aircraft guns were lethal at close range. The Vietnamese shot down six aircraft and more than half of the remaining US aircraft suffered damage from ground fire. However, the Vietnamese had replaced the SAMs with white-painted bundles of 795:. Between mid-1958 and 1964, US intelligence assets located more than 600 S-75 sites in the USSR. These sites tended to cluster around population centers, industrial complexes, and government control centers. A ring of sites was also located around likely bomber routes into the Soviet heartland. By the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union had ended the deployment of the S-75 with perhaps 1,000 operational sites. 1883: 275: 1711: 1240:. The warhead has a lethal radius of about 65 m (200 ft) at lower altitudes, but at higher altitudes the thinner atmosphere allows for a wider radius of up to 250 m (800 ft). The missile itself is accurate to about 75 m (250 ft), which explains why two were typically fired in a salvo. One version, the S-75AK, mounted a 295 kg (650 lb) 1137: 1079:

damage to numerous others. The ECM proved to be generally effective, but repetitive USAF flight tactics early in the bombing campaign increased the vulnerability of the bombers and the North Vietnamese missile crews adopted a practice of firing large S-75 salvos to overwhelm the planes' defensive countermeasures (see

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During the Vietnam war, the Soviet Union delivered 95 S-75 systems and 7,658 missiles to the Vietnamese. 6,806 missiles were launched or removed by outdating. According to the Vietnamese, the S-75 shot down 1,046 aircraft, or 31% of all downed US aircraft. By comparison, air-defense guns brought down

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Between 1964 and early 1965 the Vietnamese had nothing to threaten American pilots in the air. U.S aircraft flew at an altitude of 4 to 5 kilometres (13,000 to 16,000 ft), and the Vietnamese anti-aircraft guns were unable to reach them. However, after an S-75 shot down a US F-4 Phantom aircraft,

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radar designated SJ-202, which is able to simultaneously track and engage multiple targets at 115 km (71 mi) and 80 km (50 mi), respectively. The adoption of multifunction SJ-202 radar has eliminated the need to have multiple, single-function radars, and thus greatly improved the

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S-75AK (NATO codename SA-2E): Fan Song-E radar and V-750AK missiles. Similar rocket to the V-750SM, but with a bulbous warhead section lacking the older missile's forward fins. The S-75AK is 11,200 mm (36.7 ft) long, has a body diameter of 500 mm (20 in), and weighs 2,450 kg

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Firing range 6–56 km (4–35 mi) / 6–60 km (4–37 mi) / 6–66 km (4–41 mi); Firing altitude 100–30,000 m (300–98,400 ft) / 100–35,000 m (300–114,800 ft); Weight 2,406 kg (5,304 lb); Length 10,806 mm (35 ft 5.4 in); Warhead weight

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while the D model and later models used four much larger strip antennas running between the forward and middle fins. The guidance system at an S-75 site can handle only one target at a time, but it can direct three missiles against it. Additional missiles could be fired against the same target after

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system in the 1980s. The S-75 remains in widespread service throughout the world, with some level of operational ability in 35 countries. In the 2000s, Vietnam and Egypt are tied for the largest deployments at 280 missiles each, while North Korea has 270. The Chinese also deploy the HQ-2, an upgrade

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asked for assistance against American airpower, since their own air-defence system lacked the ability to shoot down aircraft flying at high altitude. After some discussion it was agreed to supply the PAVN with the S-75. The decision was not made lightly, because it greatly increased the chances that

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jamming. The command system also included a home-on-jam mode to attack aircraft carrying strobe jammers, as well as a completely optical system (of limited use) when these failed. Fs were developed starting in 1968 and deployed in the USSR later that year, while shipments to Vietnam started in late

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The Soviet Union used a fairly standard organizational structure for S-75 units. Other countries that have employed the S-75 may have modified this structure. Typically, the S-75 is organized into a regimental structure with three subordinate battalions. The regimental headquarters will control the

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HQ-4: Further development of HQ-2 from HQ-3, with solid rocket engines, resulting in a two-thirds reduction of logistic vehicles needed for a typical SAM battalion with six launchers: from the original more than 60 vehicles for HQ-1/2/3 to just slightly over 20 vehicles for HQ-4. After 33 missiles

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Upgrades to anti-aircraft missile systems typically combine improved missiles, radars, and operator consoles. Usually missile upgrades drive changes to other components to take advantage of the missile's improved performance. Therefore, when the Soviets introduced a new S-75, it was paired with an

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Each battalion will typically have six, semi-fixed, single-rail launchers for their V-750 missiles positioned approximately 60 to 100 m (200 to 330 ft) apart from each other in a hexagonal "flower" pattern, with radars and guidance systems placed in the center. This unique "flower" shape

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At the same time, evasive maneuvers were used, and intensive bombardments of identified SAM firing positions were organized. Under these conditions, camouflage and radio silence became especially important. After combat launches, an anti-aircraft missile division was to leave the area immediately,

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HQ-3: Development of HQ-2 with maximum ceiling increased to 30 km (19 mi), specifically targeted for high altitude and high speed spy planes like SR-71. Maximum range is 42 km (26 mi) and launching weight is around 1 ton, and maximum speed is Mach 3.5 (2,600 mph). A

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Despite these advances, the US was able to come up with effective ECM packages for the B-52E and later models. When the B-52s flew large-scale raids against Hanoi and Haiphong over an eleven-day period in December 1972, 266 S-75 missiles were fired, resulting in the loss of 15 of the bombers and

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S-75M Volkhov (NATO codename SA-2C). Once again, the new model featured an upgraded radar, the Fan Song-C, mated to an improved V-750M missile. The improved Volkhov was deployed in 1961. The V-750M was externally identical to the V-750VK/V-750VN, but it had improved performance for range up to

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Firing range 7–29 km (4–20 mi); Firing altitude 3,000–25,000 m (10,000–82,000 ft); Weight 2,163 kg (4,769 lb); Length 10,726 mm (35 ft 2.3 in); Warhead weight 190 kg (420 lb); Diameter 500 mm (20 in) / 654 mm (25.7 in)

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However, some of the U.S aircraft which "crashed in flight accidents" in fact were lost due to S-75 missiles. When landing at an airfield in Thailand, one B-52 that had been heavily damaged by a SAM rolled off the runway and exploded on mines installed around the airfield to protect from the

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S-75SM (NATO codename SA-2D); Fan Song-E radar and V-750SM missiles. The V-750SM differed significantly from previous versions in having new antennas and a longer barometric nose probe. Several other differences were associated with the sustainer motor casing. The missile is 10,800 mm

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had large numbers of anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), including radar-directed batteries, the limitations of guns versus high-altitude jet bombers were obvious. Therefore, the Soviet Air Defence Forces began the development of missile systems to replace the World War II-vintage gun defences.

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height-finder. Information from these radars is sent from the regiment down to the battalion Spoon Rest operators to allow them to coordinate their searches. Earlier S-75 versions used a targeting radar known as Knife Rest, which was replaced in Soviet use, but can still be found in older

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radar. These radars, having a range of about 65 km (40 mi), are used to refine the location, altitude, and speed of the hostile aircraft. The Fan Song system consists of two antennas operating on different frequencies, one providing elevation (altitude) information and the other

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were built (5 from batch 01, 16 from batch 02, and 12 from batch 03), the program was cancelled, but most of the technologies were continued as separate independent research programs, and these technologies were later used on later Chinese SAMs upgrades and developments such as HQ-2 and

1075:. Soviet and Vietnamese calculations claimed the destruction of 31 aircraft; the Americans acknowledged the loss of 13 aircraft. According to the memoirs of Soviet advisers, on average an anti-aircraft missile unit destroyed 5-6 American aircraft before being put out of action. 1957:

converted from HQ-1/2/3/4. M-7 missile is the only Chinese ballistic missile that can be launched at a slant angle. It carries a 500 kg (1,100 lb) warhead and have a maximum range of 180 km (110 mi). In 1989, Iran reportedly purchased 200 M-7 missiles with

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Missile with selective block for firing to target in low altitude (under 200 m or 660 ft) and shortening time preparation missile to fire; Firing altitude 100–30,000 m (300–98,400 ft) / 100–35,000 m (300–114,800 ft)

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As previously mentioned, most nations with S-75s have matched parts from different versions or third-party missile systems, or they have added locally produced components. This has created a wide variety of S-75 systems which meet local needs.

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Firing range 7–43 km (4–27 mi); Firing altitude 3,000–30,000 m (10,000–98,000 ft); Weight 2,360–2,396 kg (5,203–5,282 lb); Length 10,778 mm (35 ft 4.3 in); Warhead weight 196 kg (432 lb)

1095:, the number of US aircraft confirmed by themselves as lost is uncorroborated since the US figures are also suspect. If a plane was badly damaged but managed to land, the USAF did not count as a loss even if it was too damaged to fly again. 4178: 1071:

otherwise it would be destroyed by a bombing attack. Until December 1965, according to American data, eight S-75M systems were destroyed, although sometimes American aircraft bombed dummy positions equipped with decoy missiles made of

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Firing range 7–29 km (4.3–18.0 mi) / 7–34 km (4.3–21.1 mi); Firing altitude 3,000–25,000 m (10,000–82,000 ft) / 3,000–27,000 m (10,000–89,000 ft); Length 10,841 mm (35 ft 6.8 in)

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Missile for firing on passive flight-line, Firing range 7–45 km (4–28 mi) active, 7–56 km (4–35 mi) passive; Firing altitude 300–30,000 m (1,000–98,000 ft) / 300–35,000 m (1,000–115,000 ft)

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over China on 7 October 1959 that was hit by a salvo of three V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (66,000 ft). This success was credited to Chinese fighter aircraft at the time to keep the S-75 program secret.

850:. The first missile destroyed the U-2, and a further 13 were also fired, hitting a pursuing high-altitude MiG-19. The downing of the U-2 led to the U-2 Crisis of 1960. Additionally, Chinese S-75s downed five ROCAF-piloted U-2s. 1099:

60% and 9% were shot down by MiG fighters. The higher rate of anti-aircraft artillery is partially caused by the fact that gun units received data from the S-75 radar stations that significantly improved their effectiveness.

653:. Following its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the most widely deployed air defence systems in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a surface-to-air missile, with the shooting down of a 1937:: Iranian upgraded version of HQ-2 SAM differ with the Chinese versions in guidance and control subsystems. Sayyad-1 equipped with an about 200 kg (440 lb) warhead and has speed of 1,200 m/s (2,700 mph). 1913:

HQ-2: Upgraded HQ-1 with additional ECCM capability to counter the System-13 ECM aboard U-2s flown by Republic of China Air Force Black Cat Squadron. Upgraded HQ-2s remain in service today, and the latest version utilizes

1193:) as the fuel. The booster fires for about 4–5 seconds and the main engine for about 22 seconds, by which time the missile is traveling at about Mach 3 (2,200 mph). The booster mounts four large, cropped- 936:

west of Delhi, showing a photograph of the wreckage of the self-destructed missile as evidence of airplane wreckage. According to Indian sources, no Pakistani aircraft penetrated so deeply into Indian territory.

1002: 1722:(also known by its NATO codename, "Spoon Rest"), which has a range of about 275 km (171 mi). The P-12 provides early detection of incoming aircraft, which are then handed off to the acquisition 1056:

bombers with powerful jammers (which blinded the early warning radars) and developed smaller jamming pods for fighters (which denied range information to enemy radars). Later developments included the

737:, which had greater range and payload than the B-47. The range, speed, and payload of these US bombers posed a significant threat to the Soviet Union in the event of a war between the two countries. 1472:

Missile with selective block for firing to target in low altitude (under 200 m or 660 ft); Firing altitude 100–30,000 m (300–98,400 ft) / 100–35,000 m (300–114,800 ft)

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the US bombers began to descend below 3 kilometres (10,000 ft), below the minimum operational height of the Dvina. This brought them within the reach of Vietnamese anti-aircraft guns.

21: 1083:). By the conclusion of the Linebacker II campaign, the shootdown rate of the S-75 against the B-52s was 7.52% (15 B-52s were shot down, 5 B-52s were heavily damaged for 266 missiles). 4349: 1030:

munitions storage depot and the Lang Chi munitions factory west of Hanoi. One was shot down and three damaged by S-75s. This was the first time US aircraft were attacked by SAMs.

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total of 150 built before the program ended and the subsequent withdraw of HQ-3 from active service, and the knowledge gained from HQ-3 was used to develop later version of HQ-2.

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that works on two stages, liquid fuel and solid fuel. It was unveiled in December 2015. The Houthis have fired many Qaher-1s into Saudi Arabia during the course of the

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Two days later President Johnson gave the order to attack known S-75 positions outside the 48-kilometre (30 mi) exclusion zone. On the morning of July 27, 48

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While the shooting down of Francis Gary Powers' U-2 in 1960 is the first publicized success for the S-75, the first aircraft shot down by the S-75 was a Taiwanese

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signals (sent on one of three channels) from the guidance computers at the site. The earlier S-75 models received their commands via two sets of four small

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This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-range, higher-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile was deployed in the

1859:(NATO codename SA-NX-2) (missile V-800, V-760/755) experimental variant with four short wrap-around boosters forward, like the Seaslug system from the UK. 5856: 5841: 4766: 405: 869:

one would fall into US hands for study. Site preparation started early in the year, and the US detected the program almost immediately on 5 April 1965.

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imposed a fairly long short-range cutoff of about 500 to 1,000 m (1,600 to 3,300 ft), making them fairly safe for engagements at low level.

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under the names HQ-1 (under licence) and HQ-2 (modified, named FT-2000A). Egyptian engineers produced a reverse-engineered S-75 with the name

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render the S-75 completely ineffective, the existing systems were quickly upgraded with a new radar system designed to help ignore wide-band

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Typical range for the missile is about 45 km (28 mi), with a maximum altitude around 20,000 m (66,000 ft). The radar and

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S-75 site. The typical hexagonal pattern made the sites easy to spot from the air. The Vietnamese later abandoned the layout for this reason.

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anti-radiation air-to-surface missile in service and mounted their first offensive strike on a site in October 1965. The Air Force fitted

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and coordinate battalion actions. The battalions will contain several batteries with their associated acquisition and targeting radars.

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Wide-scale deployment started in 1957, with various upgrades following over the next few years. The S-75 was never meant to replace the

688:) overflying Cuba on October 27, 1962, almost precipitating a nuclear war. North Vietnamese forces used the S-75 extensively during the 2979: 4387: 3646: 3607: 3421:[Mysterious Chinese long-range anti-aircraft missile: Hongqi 4 missile revealed] (in Chinese). 17 June 2010. Archived from 3160: 2802: 3036: 725:

rapidly accelerated its development of long-range jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons. The USAF program led to the deployment of

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The Soviets and Vietnamese were able to adapt to some of these tactics. The USSR upgraded the radar several times to improve

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SA-2 FC: Latest Chinese version. It can track six targets simultaneously and is able to control 3 missiles simultaneously.

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guerrillas; only one crewman survived. Subsequently, this B-52 was counted as "crashed in flight accidents". According to

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aircraft to extend its range deep into the Soviet Union. The USAF quickly followed the B-47 with the development of the

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Experimental Missile - three-stage missile; Weight 3,200 kg (7,100 lb); Speed Mach 4.8 (3,500 mph)

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led to the sites being easily recognizable in reconnaissance photos. Typically another six missiles are stored on

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S-75SM (NATO codename SA-2F): Fan Song-F radar and V-750SM missiles. After watching jamming in Vietnam and the

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missile consisting of a solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage, which burns AK-20 (based on

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aircraft, which were fitted with AGM-45 Shrike missile systems made to home in on the radar from the threat.

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to attack the other sites before they could become operational. Most of the S-75 were deployed around the

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Firing range 7–29 km (4–20 mi); Firing altitude 3,000–23,000 m (10,000–75,000 ft)

1045:. Operation Spring High had destroyed two decoy targets for the loss of six aircraft and five pilots. 5551: 4481: 3422: 3358: 3272: 2112: 1107: 1064: 752: 1899:

HQ-1 (Hong Qi, Red Flag): Chinese variant with additional ECCM electronics to counter the System-12

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during the height of a paratrooper scare. Subsequent news reports would claim the destruction of a

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Consequently, the Soviets initiated the development of improved air defence systems. Although the

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Between 1965 and 1966 the US developed countermeasures to the S-75 threat. The Navy soon had the

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overall effectiveness of the HQ-2 air defence system. A target drone version is designated BA-6.

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S-75 Dvina was fired at an unidentified target believed to have been on a night mission above

2669: 1827: 1776:) (NATO codename SA-N-2A): Naval version of the A model fitted to the Sverdlov Class cruiser 880: 787:, but it did replace high-altitude anti-aircraft guns, such as the 130 mm (5.1 in) 726: 713: 5191: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5133: 5093: 5037: 5007: 5002: 4962: 4952: 4927: 3676: 3447:[Hongqi-3 (HQ-3) surface-to-air missile] (in Chinese). 11 July 2004. Archived from 3103: 2983: 1165: 854: 814: 681: 25: 4156:

Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017

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Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994

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In addition to the Soviet Union, several S-75 batteries were deployed during the 1960s in

8: 4403: 3615: 3323:(2007). "Patterns and Predictability: The Soviet Evaluation of Operation Linebacker II". 3164: 2628: 899: 673: 639: 4026:"Fighting The Tide: The Islamic State's Desperate Attempts to Combat Coalition Airpower" 1815:(5,400 lb) at launch. The missile can be fitted with either a command-detonated 15 1807:

43 km (27 mi) and reduced lower altitude limits of 400 m (1,300 ft).

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to protect Soviet forces stationed in that country. Later the system was sold to most

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United States Army Special Forces selection and training § 18D – Medical Sergeant

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to successfully defend Hanoi and Haiphong against US bombing. It was produced in the

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area and were off-limits to attack (as were local airfields) for political reasons.

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In 1953, KB-2 began the development of what became the S-75 under the direction of

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countries and was provided to China, North Korea, and eventually, North Vietnam.

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Romanian S-75M3 "Volhov" launching a 5Ia23 missile at Capu Midia firing range.

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fired at least three S-75 in the ground-to-ground mode at the Bosnian city of

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Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990-1995

2563:− Captured some S-75 missiles from the Syrian Army in 2014, but no launchers 1797: 676:

overflying the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The system was also deployed in

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The missile system was used widely throughout the world, especially in the

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aircraft was shot down by an S-75. Three days later, the US responded with

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fins that have small control surfaces in their trailing edges to control

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nuclear warhead or a 295 kg (650 lb) conventional HE warhead.

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Rear view showing the solid-propellant booster nozzle, as displayed in

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S-75 Guideline missile on display at the National Air and Space Museum

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S-75 Dvina in the National Museum of Military History, Sofia, Bulgaria

5363: 5308: 5283: 5141: 5128: 5113: 5022: 4992: 4982: 4922: 4775: 4264: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 1204: 922: 872: 446: 440: 4237:(1991). The Military Balance 1991–1992 (Report). London: Brassey's. 4211:(1989). The Military Balance 1989–1990 (Report). London: Brassey's. 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3161:"Bosnia-Hercegovina: U.N. Pledges Support For Bangladeshis in Bihac" 3137:

Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis

2014: 77: 5571: 5511: 5083: 4942: 4932: 3835:

The Indian Air Force: A Balanced Strategic and Tactical Application

3608:"Yemen's New Qaher-I Missile Hits Saudi Air Bases in Asir Province" 2951: 2949: 2683: 2588: 2438: 2286: 2202: 1934: 1891: 1723: 1696:

Modified surface-to-surface ballistic missile version developed by

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improved radar to match the missile's greater range and altitude.

1208:

North Vietnamese S-75 missile prepare to fire at American aircraft

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would lose several aircraft to the S-75, both RB-57s and various

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Missile from naval SAM system M-2 Volkhov-M (SA-N-2 Guideline)

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Russian site on the S-75 from Vitaly Kuzmin "Military Paritet"

2853:[S-75 Anti-Aircraft Missile System (SA-2 Guideline)]. 1882: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5709: 5628: 5607: 5602: 5576: 5463: 5460: 5455: 5323: 4684: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 3673:"Yemen's Houthi Missiles Keep Saudi Arabia Mired in Conflict" 3076:"The S-75 Dvina - India's first Surface to Air Guided Weapon" 2710: 2574: 2532: 2451: 2346: 2318: 2188: 1226: 1130: 1034: 976: 945: 926: 918: 903: 792: 788: 274: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 2873: 1450:

Missile with expired guarantee period and remodeled to 20DS

830:. The aircraft was hit by a Chinese-operated S-75 site near 5691: 5501: 5498: 5444: 5434: 5318: 5313: 5186: 5052: 4863: 4780: 4717: 4533: 4491: 3187:"Yemen Adapts Surface-to-Air Missile to Hit Ground Targets" 2546: 2216: 2174: 1928: 1710: 998:

War in Vietnam: Countermeasures and counter-countermeasures

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on October 7, 1959. Over the next few years, the Taiwanese

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Experimental Missile - version for 2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef)

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Missile with new warhead weight 191 kg (421 lb)

4363:

Detailed presentation of the S-75M Volkhov and S-75 Desna

4290:

O'Halloran, James C.; Foss, Christopher F., eds. (2002).

3915: 2818:- similar US medium-high altitude anti-air missile system 1495:

Missile with shortening time preparation missile to fire

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The missile typically mounts a 195 kg (430 lb)

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Solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage

2740:− 2,400 launchers in 1991, passed on to successor states 1962:, and officially put them into service as the Tondar 69. 4342:

Russian site on the S-75 from Said Aminov "Vestnik PVO"

4114:"Tigray Defence Forces Display Surface-To-Air Missiles" 3302: 3300: 3754:"Ethiopia turns S-75 SAMs into self-propelled systems" 2468:− 120 launchers in 1992. Passed on to successor states 2383:− 24 launchers in 1992 including HQ-1 and HQ-2 systems 3099:"Georgia's Air Defense in the War with South Ossetia" 3074:

Gupta, Anchit; Pillarisetti, Jagan (25 August 2018).

2805:− 48 launchers in 1992, passed on to successor states 1110:

started to replace the S-75 with the vastly superior

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Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union

4112:

Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (14 September 2021).

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Experimental missile - with semi-active homing head

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had completed their run, freeing the radio channel.

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was shot down over Cuba by an S-75 in October 1962.

4081: 4005: 3891: 3879: 3867: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3778: 3733: 3721: 3709: 3690: 2934: 102:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4289: 4186:(5th ed.). Surrey: Jane's Information Group. 3993: 3987: 3630:"Yemeni rebels enhance ballistic missile campaign" 3471:"برای شکار جنگنده های دشمن هم صیاد داریم هم شاهین" 2922: 581:5 seconds boost, then 20 seconds sustain 16:"SA-2" redirects here. For the Apollo flight, see 4314:Red SAM: The SA-2 Guideline Anti-Aircraft Missile 4139:. Solihull, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. 3073: 2851:"Зенитная Ракетная Система С-75 (SA-2 Guideline)" 1714:Fan Song radar (left) and a Low Blow to the right 5818: 4158:. Warwick, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. 3588:. Center for Strategic and International Studies 1262: 1123: 4024:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (8 April 2021). 4111: 4023: 3622: 3318: 3232: 3230: 2912: 2910: 1984:, meaning "Subduer-1") is originally a Soviet 1236:warhead, with proximity, contact, and command 1022:On July 24, 1965, four US Air Force McDonnell 4388: 4261:International Institute for Strategic Studies 4235:International Institute for Strategic Studies 4209:International Institute for Strategic Studies 3501:"صیاد 2» زنجیره شکارچیان ایرانی را ک«مل کرد»" 3388:[Ship SAM M-3. SAM V-800 (project)]. 2845: 2843: 1838: 1784: 1767: 1758: 1584:Experimental missile - boosters at the sides 956:, when Georgian missiles shot down a Russian 4263:(2022). The Military Balance 2022 (Report). 2205:– Some developed into self-propelled systems 684:, when it shot down another U-2 (piloted by 483:SA-75 Dvina, S-75 Desna, S-75M Volkhov/Volga 5847:Surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union 3227: 3090: 3037:"Take It Down! The Wild Weasels in Vietnam" 2907: 406:Saudi–Yemeni border conflict (2015–present) 65:Learn how and when to remove these messages 5857:Military equipment introduced in the 1950s 5842:Science and technology in the Soviet Union 4395: 4381: 4358:S-75M3 Volkhov (SA-2e Guideline) Simulator 4294:(15th ed.). Janes Information Group. 4172: 3936: 3386:"Корабе́льный ЗРК М-3. ЗУР В-800 (проект)" 2882: 2840: 1988:missile that was developed locally by the 1115:of the S-75, in relatively large numbers. 3413: 3411: 2055:Learn how and when to remove this message 1573:Experimental missile - flying laboratory 1562:Experimental missile - with rotate wings 242:Learn how and when to remove this message 224:Learn how and when to remove this message 162:Learn how and when to remove this message 3266: 3264: 2102: 2094: 2086: 2066: 1881: 1866: 1796: 1709: 1326:Missile for firing to aircraft - jammer 1203: 1164: 1135: 1009: 1001: 960:fighter near Gudauta on March 19, 1993. 879: 871: 846:while flying over the testing site near 813: 739: 712: 628:Single rail, ground mounted (not mobile) 187:This article includes a list of general 4292:Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2002-2003 3701:sfn error: no target: CITEREFIISS2021 ( 3273:"Operation Spring High: Thuds vs. SAMs" 3270: 3236: 3034: 842:. On May 1, 1960, Gary Powers' U-2 was 401:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 5819: 4308: 4180:Jane's Land-Based Air Defence: 1992-93 4153: 4134: 4099: 4075: 3909: 3861: 3832: 3751: 3670: 3408: 3326:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 3306: 3096: 2940: 2928: 2916: 1948:DF-7/Dongfeng 7/M-7/Project 8610/CSS-8 1102: 1026:took part in an airstrike against the 4376: 4049: 3261: 3237:Tuchkov, Vladimir (14 October 2018). 2894: 2861:from the original on 27 November 2014 2713:− 18 S-75M launchers, non-operational 1617:Experimental Missile - with scramjet 1606:Experimental Missile - with scramjet 774: 504:10,600 mm (34 ft 9 in) 4368:Declassified original Soviet sources 4259: 4233: 4207: 4087: 4011: 3999: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3820: 3808: 3796: 3784: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3696: 3600: 3351: 3285:from the original on 1 February 2019 2037:adding citations to reliable sources 2008: 1916:Passive electronically scanned array 1853:(NATO codename SA-N-2) naval variant 783:surface-to-air missile sites around 173: 100:adding citations to reliable sources 71: 30: 3557:"M-7 / 8610 - China Nuclear Forces" 2177:- Some mounted on T-55 tank chassis 1981: 1672:Target missile - for high altitude 818:The S-75 in transport configuration 13: 4052:"The Missile Men of North Vietnam" 3614:. 13 December 2015. Archived from 3249:from the original on 27 March 2019 2977: 2967:from the original on 6 March 2016. 1661:Target missile - for low altitude 1507:197–201 kg (434–443 lb) 1404:No specific information available 1370:No specific information available 1359:No specific information available 1225:one or more missiles of the first 193:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 5868: 4335: 3271:Carlson, Mark (23 October 2019). 3012:. 23 October 2007. Archived from 2961:Federation of American Scientists 1747: 1006:Anti-aircraft missile system S-75 994:to attack Saudi bases with them. 987:modified some of their S-75 into 886:Egyptian National Military Museum 46:This article has multiple issues. 3645:: 4. 7 July 2017. Archived from 3511:from the original on 20 May 2015 3481:from the original on 18 May 2015 3396:from the original on 3 July 2018 3215:from the original on 9 July 2017 3055:from the original on 9 June 2023 2795: 2782: 2769: 2764:Tigray People's Liberation Front 2757: 2744: 2730: 2717: 2703: 2689: 2676: 2662: 2648: 2634: 2621: 2608: 2595: 2581: 2567: 2553: 2539: 2525: 2511: 2498: 2485: 2472: 2458: 2444: 2431: 2414: 2401: 2387: 2373: 2359: 2339: 2325: 2311: 2297: 2279: 2265: 2251: 2237: 2223: 2209: 2195: 2181: 2167: 2153: 2139: 2125: 2013: 1014:An F-105D hit by an S-75 missile 948:used them to defend against the 913:On 8 September 1965, during the 273: 266:SA-2 Guideline, SA-N-2 Guideline 178: 76: 35: 4105: 4093: 4069: 4043: 4017: 3903: 3826: 3745: 3664: 3574: 3549: 3523: 3493: 3463: 3437: 3378: 3345: 3312: 3197: 3179: 3153: 3123: 3067: 3028: 2895:Leone, Dario (7 October 2020). 2857:(in Russian). 3 December 2005. 2024:needs additional citations for 1461:Missile for taking air samples 981:Yemeni Civil War (2015-present) 475:Approx 4,600 launchers produced 396:Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) 87:needs additional citations for 54:or discuss these issues on the 4050:Freed, David (December 2014). 3671:Winter, Lucas (30 June 2017). 3035:Correll, John T. (July 2010). 2998: 2971: 2888: 1212:The missiles are guided using 1147: 1118: 857:, a U-2 piloted by USAF Major 791:and 100 mm (3.9 in) 708: 591:Mach 3.5 (2,600 mph) 573:25,000 m (82,000 ft) 469: 322: 1: 5837:Nuclear anti-aircraft weapons 3752:Binnie, Jeremy (5 May 2016). 2828: 2107:Indonesian S-75 Dvina (SA-2) 1540:Missile with pulse radiofuse 1529:Missile with nuclear warhead 1518:Missile with nuclear warhead 1263:Table of SA-2 / S-75 missiles 1157:near the center of the site. 1124:Soviet doctrinal organization 809: 496:2,300 kg (5,100 lb) 20:. For medical sergeants, see 2289:– HQ-2B in service with the 2004: 1718:The S-75 typically uses the 1037:participated in the strike, 876:Egyptian S-75 System in 1985 323:present and former operators 7: 3392:(in Russian). 22 May 2009. 2809: 1905:Republic of China Air Force 1871:HQ-2B "Black Arrow" of the 1766:S-75M-2 Volkhov-M (Russian 1244:warhead of an estimated 15 954:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 884:Egyptian S-75 Dvina in the 746:Imperial War Museum Duxford 10: 5873: 3988:O'Halloran & Foss 2002 3643:Janes Information Services 3638:Jane's Intelligence Review 2118: 1994:surface to surface missile 1966: 1955:tactical ballistic missile 1269:S-75 missiles and variants 1160: 735:Boeing B-52 Stratofortress 703: 694:People's Republic of China 351:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 346:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 15: 5680: 5484:SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal 5433: 5226: 5209: 5166: 5051: 4898: 4881: 4758: 4516: 4421: 3359:Encyclopedia Astronautica 3339:10.1080/13518040701703096 2352: 2113:Dirgantara Mandala Museum 1903:aboard U-2s flown by the 1839: 1785: 1768: 1759: 1185:(toxic mixture of 50-52% 1108:Soviet Air Defence Forces 1065:electronic countermeasure 753:Soviet Air Defence Forces 620: 612: 595: 585: 577: 569: 557: 549: 544: 532: 528:195 kg (430 lb) 524: 516: 508: 500: 492: 487: 479: 468: 460: 452: 424: 419: 381:War in Abkhazia (1992–93) 328: 317: 309: 304: 297:Place of origin 296: 284: 272: 261: 2426:Army of Republika Srpska 2091:A pair of S-75 launchers 1801:V-750 missile in transit 1720:P-12 early warning radar 1705: 1248:yield or a conventional 1220:in front of the forward 973:Serb forces from Krajina 721:In the early 1950s, the 668:, when it shot down the 512:700 mm (28 in) 3010:United States Air Force 2658:− 150 launchers in 2002 2644:− 240 launchers in 2002 2577:− 108 launchers in 2002 2549:− 120 launchers in 1989 2535:− 150 launchers in 1992 1941: 1169:Second stage of an S-75 1081:Operation Linebacker II 969:Bosnian War (1992-1995) 915:1965 Indo-Pakistani war 828:reconnaissance aircraft 723:United States Air Force 616:65 m (210 ft) 565:45 km (28 mi) 208:more precise citations. 3937:Cullen & Foss 1992 3833:Kapila, Viney (2002). 3006:"Cuban Missile Crisis" 2980:"ROCAF U-2 Operations" 2901:The Aviation Geek Club 2883:Cullen & Foss 1992 2699:− 42 launchers in 1991 2672:− 24 launchers in 2002 2521:− 96 launchers in 2002 2422:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2397:− 18 launchers in 2002 2369:− 18 launchers in 1992 2115: 2109:Surface-to-air missile 2100: 2092: 2084: 1895: 1886:An HQ-2 on display at 1879: 1802: 1715: 1209: 1181:) as the oxidizer and 1179:red fuming nitric acid 1170: 1144: 1015: 1007: 888: 877: 824:Martin RB-57D Canberra 819: 748: 718: 658:Martin RB-57D Canberra 647:surface-to-air missile 488:Specifications (V-750) 386:First Libyan Civil War 24:. For other uses, see 5324:SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat 5018:SA-23 Gladiator/Giant 4963:SA-12 Gladiator/Giant 3759:Jane's Defence Weekly 3477:. 27 September 2010. 3419:"神秘的中国远程防空导弹：红旗4导弹揭秘" 3139:. 2002. p. 251. 3097:Aminov, Said (2009). 2957:"V-75 SA-2 Guideline" 2670:Serbia and Montenegro 2591:− 6 launchers in 1992 2454:− Mostly HQ-2 systems 2261:– 48 next 250 in 2008 2106: 2098: 2090: 2070: 1885: 1870: 1847:). Version from 1995. 1837:S-75M Volga (Russian 1800: 1713: 1207: 1168: 1139: 1039:Operation Spring High 1013: 1005: 883: 875: 817: 743: 727:Boeing B-47 Stratojet 716: 5852:Almaz-Antey products 5744:SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729 5741:SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728 4175:Foss, Christopher F. 4154:Cooper, Tom (2018). 4135:Cooper, Tom (2017). 4056:Smithsonian Magazine 3677:Jamestown Foundation 3618:on 16 December 2015. 3211:. 14 December 2015. 3104:Moscow Defense Brief 2978:Barnes, Thornton D. 2191:– ~210 S-75M Volkhov 2033:improve this article 1783:S-75 Desna (Russian 1189:and 48-50% isomeric 855:Cuban Missile Crisis 682:Cuban Missile Crisis 443:(missile developer), 256:Strategic SAM system 96:improve this article 26:SA2 (disambiguation) 5704:SSC-2 Salish/Samlet 5608:SS-N-25 Switchblade 5414:SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B 3537:on 16 November 2012 3366:on 23 February 2010 3352:Wade, Mark (2008). 3193:. 22 December 2015. 3165:Inter Press Service 2986:on 28 November 2014 2885:, pp. 257−261. 2824:- the UK equivalent 1348:Modernized missile 1337:Modernized missile 1315:Modernized missile 1271: 1252:of similar weight. 1103:Replacement systems 900:Operation Iron Hand 891:On 24 July 1965, a 674:Francis Gary Powers 640:NATO reporting name 525:Warhead weight 3652:on 8 December 2017 3451:on 15 October 2013 3319:Drenkowski, Dana; 3191:Tasnim News Agency 3167:. 17 November 1994 3086:on 26 August 2018. 3045:Air Force Magazine 2822:Bristol Bloodhound 2307:- 5 S-75M3 Volkhov 2291:Pakistan Air Force 2233:- 12 S-75M Volkhov 2116: 2101: 2093: 2085: 1952:surface-to-surface 1908:Black Cat Squadron 1896: 1880: 1875:now on display at 1873:Pakistan Air Force 1803: 1716: 1267: 1210: 1171: 1145: 1016: 1008: 992:ballistic missiles 989:surface-to-surface 944:, where Egypt and 889: 878: 820: 775:Initial deployment 749: 719: 420:Production history 263:S-75 Desna / V-750 5814: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5603:SS-NX-24 Scorpion 5567:SS-N-19 Shipwreck 5517:SS-N-7 Starbright 5205: 5204: 4855:'Avtonomya' IR FF 4327:978-1-84603-062-8 4318:Osprey Publishing 4310:Zaloga, Steven J. 4301:978-0-7106-2437-6 4193:978-0-7106-0979-3 4165:978-1-911628-18-7 4146:978-1-912174-23-2 3839:Prabhat Prakashan 3445:"红旗-3号（HQ-3）地空导弹" 2065: 2064: 2057: 1703: 1702: 950:Israeli Air Force 666:1960 U-2 incident 632: 631: 434:(head developer), 267: 252: 251: 244: 234: 233: 226: 172: 171: 164: 146: 69: 5864: 5792:SSC-X-9 Stone AN 5750:Klub N/M 3M14/54 5732:SSC-X-5 Scorpion 5613:SS-N-26 Strobile 5572:SS-N-20 Sturgeon 5562:SS-N-18 Stingray 5552:SS-N-16 Stallion 5547:SS-N-15 Starfish 5494:SS-N-5 Sark/Serb 5479:SS-N-3c Shaddock 5425:SS-X-33 Stone AN 5409:SS-X-31 Sickle D 5364:SS-22 Scaleboard 5309:SS-12 Scaleboard 5224: 5223: 5134:SA-N-20 Gargoyle 5068:SA-N-2 Guideline 4896: 4895: 4859:Hermes A/M/K ATS 4732:AS-X-36 Stone AH 4696:AS-28 Strobile A 4404:NATO designation 4397: 4390: 4383: 4374: 4373: 4354: 4346: 4331: 4305: 4286: 4256: 4230: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4169: 4150: 4122: 4121: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3940: 3934: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3762:. Archived from 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3651: 3634: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3612:Fars News Agency 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3415: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3362:. Archived from 3349: 3343: 3342: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3243:Свободная Пресса 3234: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3107:. Archived from 3094: 3088: 3087: 3082:. Archived from 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3054: 3041: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3016:on 7 August 2012 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2982:. Archived from 2975: 2969: 2968: 2963:. 23 June 2000. 2953: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2905: 2904: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2847: 2801: 2799: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2720: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2285: 2283: 2282: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2247:– 6 S-75M3 Dvina 2243: 2241: 2240: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2145: 2143: 2142: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2081: 2075: 2060: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2040: 2017: 2009: 1998:Yemeni Civil War 1983: 1842: 1841: 1788: 1787: 1771: 1770: 1762: 1761: 1272: 1266: 1155:tractor-trailers 1141:North Vietnamese 731:aerial refueling 651:command guidance 638:(Russian: С-75; 607:command guidance 588: 471: 391:Syrian Civil War 277: 268: 265: 259: 258: 247: 240: 229: 222: 218: 215: 209: 204:this article by 195:inline citations 182: 181: 174: 167: 160: 156: 153: 147: 145: 104: 80: 72: 61: 39: 38: 31: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5806: 5727:SSC-4 Slingshot 5683: 5676: 5672:SS-NX-38 Canyon 5618:SS-N-27 Sizzler 5582:SS-N-22 Sunburn 5577:SS-N-21 Sampson 5532:SS-N-12 Sandbox 5469:SS-N-1 Scrubber 5436: 5429: 5404:SS-X-30 Satan 2 5228: 5215: 5212: 5201: 5169: 5162: 5124:SA-N-12 Grizzly 5109:SA-N-9 Gauntlet 5054: 5047: 5013:SA-22 Greyhound 4900: 4887: 4884: 4877: 4836:AT-13 Saxhorn-2 4764: 4761: 4754: 4690:AS-27 Sunburn A 4575:AS-8 Kokon AT-6 4522: 4519: 4512: 4425: 4417: 4401: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4328: 4302: 4275: 4245: 4219: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4183: 4177:, eds. (1992). 4166: 4147: 4126: 4125: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3943: 3935: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3507:. 8 June 2014. 3499: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3425:on 20 June 2010 3417: 3416: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3350: 3346: 3321:Grau, Lester W. 3317: 3313: 3305: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3269: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3235: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3111:on 11 July 2009 3095: 3091: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2976: 2972: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2908: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2849: 2848: 2841: 2831: 2812: 2796: 2794: 2783: 2781: 2770: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2745: 2743: 2731: 2729: 2718: 2716: 2704: 2702: 2690: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2663: 2661: 2649: 2647: 2635: 2633: 2622: 2620: 2609: 2607: 2596: 2594: 2582: 2580: 2568: 2566: 2554: 2552: 2540: 2538: 2526: 2524: 2512: 2510: 2499: 2497: 2486: 2484: 2473: 2471: 2459: 2457: 2445: 2443: 2432: 2430: 2415: 2413: 2402: 2400: 2388: 2386: 2374: 2372: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2340: 2338: 2326: 2324: 2312: 2310: 2298: 2296: 2280: 2278: 2266: 2264: 2252: 2250: 2238: 2236: 2224: 2222: 2210: 2208: 2196: 2194: 2182: 2180: 2168: 2166: 2154: 2152: 2140: 2138: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2083: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2061: 2050: 2044: 2041: 2030: 2018: 2007: 1969: 1944: 1750: 1744:installations. 1708: 1683:Target missile 1650:Target missile 1633:V-758 (5 JaGG) 1265: 1257:guidance system 1173:The V-750 is a 1163: 1150: 1126: 1121: 1105: 1089:Dana Drenkowski 1000: 859:Rudolf Anderson 812: 777: 711: 706: 686:Rudolf Anderson 625: 623: 600: 598: 570:Flight altitude 562: 560: 545: 537: 535: 444: 435: 415: 310:In service 305:Service history 280: 264: 262: 257: 248: 237: 236: 235: 230: 219: 213: 210: 200:Please help to 199: 183: 179: 168: 157: 151: 148: 105: 103: 93: 81: 40: 36: 29: 12: 11: 5: 5870: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5759: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5737:SSC-6 Sennight 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5688: 5686: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5439: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5399:SS-29 Sickle C 5396: 5391: 5389:SS-27 Sickle B 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5349:SS-19 Stiletto 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5314:SS-X-13 Savage 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5232: 5230: 5221: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5144: 5136: 5131: 5129:SA-N-14 Grouse 5126: 5121: 5119:SA-N-11 Grison 5116: 5114:SA-N-10 Grouse 5111: 5106: 5104:SA-N-8 Gremlin 5101: 5096: 5094:SA-N-6 Grumble 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5065: 5059: 5057: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5003:SA-20 Gargoyle 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4978:SA-15 Gauntlet 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4913:SA-2 Guideline 4910: 4904: 4902: 4893: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4856: 4853: 4851:AT-16 Scallion 4848: 4846:АТ-15 Springer 4843: 4841:АТ-14 Spriggan 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4772: 4770: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4727:Kh-74M2 "GZUR" 4724: 4721: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4671: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4615:AS-16 Kickback 4612: 4607: 4602: 4600:AS-13 Kingbolt 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4536:14Kh 18Kh RV-1 4530: 4528: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4502: 4501:K-74M2 (R-73M) 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4419: 4418: 4400: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4347: 4337: 4336:External links 4334: 4333: 4332: 4326: 4306: 4300: 4287: 4273: 4257: 4243: 4231: 4217: 4205: 4192: 4173:Cullen, Tony; 4170: 4164: 4151: 4145: 4131: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4104: 4092: 4090:, p. 498. 4080: 4068: 4042: 4016: 4014:, p. 101. 4004: 3992: 3990:, p. 288. 3941: 3939:, p. 261. 3914: 3902: 3900:, p. 317. 3890: 3888:, p. 371. 3878: 3876:, p. 141. 3866: 3854: 3847: 3825: 3823:, p. 282. 3813: 3811:, p. 191. 3801: 3799:, p. 189. 3789: 3787:, p. 344. 3777: 3744: 3742:, p. 340. 3732: 3730:, p. 411. 3720: 3718:, p. 184. 3708: 3699:, p. 449. 3689: 3663: 3621: 3599: 3586:Missile Threat 3573: 3548: 3522: 3503:(in Persian). 3492: 3473:(in Persian). 3462: 3436: 3407: 3377: 3344: 3333:(4): 559–607. 3311: 3296: 3260: 3245:(in Russian). 3226: 3196: 3178: 3152: 3145: 3122: 3089: 3080:Bharat Rakshak 3066: 3027: 2997: 2970: 2945: 2933: 2921: 2906: 2887: 2872: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2792: 2779: 2766: 2754: 2741: 2727: 2714: 2700: 2686: 2673: 2659: 2645: 2631: 2618: 2605: 2592: 2578: 2564: 2550: 2536: 2522: 2508: 2495: 2482: 2480:Czech Republic 2469: 2466:Czechoslovakia 2455: 2441: 2428: 2424:− Used by the 2411: 2398: 2384: 2370: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2336: 2322: 2308: 2294: 2276: 2262: 2248: 2234: 2220: 2206: 2192: 2178: 2164: 2150: 2149:– 79 Launchers 2136: 2120: 2117: 2078: 2072: 2063: 2062: 2021: 2019: 2012: 2006: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1911: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1835: 1832: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1795: 1794: 1781: 1764: 1749: 1748:Major variants 1746: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1278:Factory index 1276: 1264: 1261: 1162: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1129:early-warning 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1104: 1101: 1093:Lester W. Grau 999: 996: 965:siege of Bihac 826:high-altitude 811: 808: 776: 773: 710: 707: 705: 702: 698:Tayir-as-Sabah 643:SA-2 Guideline 630: 629: 626: 621: 618: 617: 614: 610: 609: 601: 596: 593: 592: 589: 587:Maximum speed 583: 582: 579: 575: 574: 571: 567: 566: 563: 558: 555: 554: 551: 547: 546: 542: 541: 538: 533: 530: 529: 526: 522: 521: 518: 514: 513: 510: 506: 505: 502: 498: 497: 494: 490: 489: 485: 484: 481: 477: 476: 473: 466: 465: 462: 458: 457: 454: 450: 449: 426: 422: 421: 417: 416: 414: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 356:Yom Kippur War 353: 348: 343: 338: 332: 330: 326: 325: 319: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 302: 301: 298: 294: 293: 286: 282: 281: 278: 270: 269: 255: 250: 249: 232: 231: 186: 184: 177: 170: 169: 84: 82: 75: 70: 44: 43: 41: 34: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5869: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5717:Schuka KSShch 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5598:SS-N-23B Skif 5596: 5594: 5593:SS-N-23A Skif 5591: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5557:SS-N-17 Snipe 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5542:SS-N-14 Silex 5540: 5538: 5537:SS-NX-13 Serb 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522:SS-N-8 Sawfly 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394:SS-28 Saber 2 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5374:SS-24 Scalpel 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5339:SS-17 Spanker 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5329:SS-15 Scrooge 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289:SS-8B Sasin 2 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5099:SA-N-7 Gadfly 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5079:SA-N-3 Goblet 5077: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5008:SA-21 Growler 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4988:SA-17 Grizzly 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4973:SA-14 Gremlin 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4953:SA-10 Grumble 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4874:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E 4873: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4831:AT-12 Swinger 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4821:AT-10 Stabber 4819: 4817: 4816:AT-9 Spiral-2 4814: 4812: 4811:AT-8 Songster 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4796:AT-5 Spandrel 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738:AS-37 BrahMos 4736: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E 4722: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4702:AS-29 Sizzler 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4630:AS-X-19 Koala 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4620:AS-17 Krypton 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4565:AS-6 Kingfish 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4550:AS-3 Kangaroo 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4504:K-77M (R-77M) 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4386: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4274:9781032279008 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4244:9780080413259 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4218:9780080375694 4214: 4210: 4206: 4195: 4189: 4182: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4096: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4072: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4031: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4008: 4002:, p. 48. 4001: 3996: 3989: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3911: 3906: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3864:, p. 40. 3863: 3858: 3850: 3848:9788187100997 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3766:on 5 May 2016 3765: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3729: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3704: 3698: 3693: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3505:Mashregh News 3502: 3496: 3480: 3476: 3475:Mashregh News 3472: 3466: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3412: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3309:, p. 22. 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480:Variants 461:Produced 453:Designed 425:Designer 366:Gulf War 5774:3M-80MV 5757:BrahMos 5706:AS/KS-1 5684:to-ship 5662:SS-N-36 5657:SS-N-35 5639:SS-N-32 5634:SS-N-29 5250:/-C/-D) 5227:Ground- 5139:SA-N-21 4899:Ground- 4734:(Kh-76) 4640:AS-X-21 4408:Russian 4199:14 July 3429:17 June 3400:12 July 3219:14 June 3209:Alert 5 3171:5 April 2777:Ukraine 2697:Somalia 2519:Hungary 2506:Georgia 2409:Belarus 2381:Albania 2333:Vietnam 2305:Romania 2259:Myanmar 2147:Armenia 2119:Current 1990:Houthis 1974:Qaher-1 1967:Qaher-1 1894:, China 1729:azimuth 1698:Houthis 1689:Qaher-1 1666:RM-75V 1556:V-750P 1545:V-750N 1523:V-760V 1489:V-755U 1477:V-755U 1466:V-755U 1353:V-750M 1297:V-750V 1250:warhead 1246:kiloton 1242:nuclear 1161:Missile 985:Houthis 832:Beijing 765:May Day 704:History 540:Command 520:Frag-HE 517:Warhead 438:Grushin 202:improve 136:scholar 5780:"GZUR" 5762:SSC-10 5754:SSC-13 5748:SSC-14 5723:Rubezh 5445:14KhK1 5435:Naval- 5244:Scud-A 5053:Naval- 5033:Morfey 4885:to-air 4762:guided 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