387:
may work on the subject and make certain types of changes in the light of new information. In modern practice it is greatly preferred that the collector of the specimens immediately passes them to specialists for naming; it is rarely possible for non-specialists to tell whether their specimens are of
375:
or not. This does not always happen of course; all sorts of errors occur in practice. For example, a collector might scoop a netful of small fish and describe them as a new species; it then might turn out that he had failed to notice that there were several (possibly unrelated) species in the net. It
434:
Note that the principles of circumscription apply in various ways in non-biological senses. In biological taxonomy the usual assumption is that circumscription reflects the shared ancestry perceived as most likely in the light of the currently available information; in geology or legal contexts far
370:
and to describe it, it is to be hoped that his description would stand the tests of time and criticism, but even if it does not, then as far as practical the name that he had assigned will apply. It still will apply in preference to any subsequent names or descriptions that anyone proposes, whether
616:
taxon because the members were long believed to form a "true" taxon and the standard literature still refers to them together. Alternatively a taxon might include members simply because they form a group that is convenient to work with in practice.
554:(MRCA). If this is correct, that ancestor might have been a single species of plant. Conversely the assertion also means that the family includes all surviving species descended from that ancestor. Other species of plants that some people might (
323:) is used to mean "in the sense of certain authors", who can be designated or described. It normally refers to a sense which is considered invalid and may be used in place of the author designation of a taxon in such a case (for instance,
308:
A similar form is in use to indicate the sense of a particular context, such as "Nonmonophyletic groups are ... nonnatural (sensu cladistics) in that ..." or "... computation of a cladogram (sensu phenetics) ..."
665:'s particular description of that series. It is a different kind of circumscription, alluding to the fact that A.S. George called them a series. "Sensu A.S. George" means that A.S. George discussed the
70:. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
439:
remains functionally similarly intelligible among the fields. In geology for example, in which the concept of ancestry is looser and less pervasive than in biology, one finds usages such as:
415:
arises, because that is where the worker produces and argues his view of the proper circumscription. Equally, or perhaps even more strongly, the arguments for deciding questions concerning
366:, the specimen or specimens that one refers to in case of doubt about the definition of a species. Given that an author (such as Linnaeus, for example) was the first to supply a definite
717:
750:
976:
362:. In biological taxonomy the author citation following the name of a taxon simply identifies the author who originally published the name and applied it to the
470:
Galloway (1989)" meaning those sequences so referred to by
Galloway, much as in the biological usage in referring to the terminology of particular authorities.
435:
wider and more arbitrary ranges of logical circumscription commonly apply, not necessarily formally uniformly. However, the usage of expressions incorporating
620:
In this example, we can know from additional sources that we are dealing with the latter case: by adding other groups of plants to the family
Malvaceae
891:
1000:
Judd, Walter S.; Manchester, Steven R. (1997). "Circumscription of
Malvaceae (Malvales) as determined by a preliminary cladistic analysis".
1059:
912:
Sinclair, Bradley J. The
Systematics of New World Clinocera. Publisher: National Research Council (Canada) Research Press 2008.
459:" or English meaning referred to interpretations by English geologists, derived from English materials and conditions, whereas "
705:
970:
943:
917:
871:
848:
823:
798:
358:", meaning "following" or "in accordance with".) Such an author citation is different from the citation of the nomenclatural
738:
294:. An even stricter definition excludes green algae, leaving only land plants; the group defined in this way could be called
612:
amounts to. Discarding such constraints might be for historical reasons, for example when people usually speak of the
1136:
388:
new species or not, and in modern times not many publications or their referees would accept an amateur description.
866:
Panchen, Alec L. "Classification, Evolution, and the Nature of
Biology" Publisher: Cambridge University Press 1992
1141:
1131:
463:" referred to interpretations by French and German geologists, derived from continental materials and conditions.
640:, the APG circumscription omits some of the criteria by which the new members previously had been excluded. The
290:. A stricter definition excludes the red and glaucophyte algae; the group defined in this way could be called
686:
551:
341:
883:
577:
508:
431:
applied could totally upset an entire scheme of classification, either constructively or disastrously.
392:
1082:"One new Banksia and two new Grevillea species (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) from Western Australia"
359:
669:
in that series, and that members of that series are the ones under discussion in the same sense—
960:
662:
31:
17:
933:
677:
George's circumscription, but George's is the circumscription currently under consideration.
568:
they too would have been members of the family
Malvaceae s.s. In short, this circumscription
152:
771:
141:
8:
1051:
546:, all descend from a shared ancestor, specifically, that they, and no other extant plant
406:
372:
391:
In any event, the person who finally classifies and describes a species has the task of
350:
Smith"), indicating that the intended meaning is the one defined by that author. (Here "
1103:
1033:
1025:
572:
includes all and only plants that have descended from that particular ancestral stock.
504:
416:
384:
376:
then is not clear what he had named, so his name can hardly be taken seriously, either
788:
1017:
966:
939:
913:
867:
844:
819:
794:
534:
This means that the members of the entire family of plants under the name
Malvaceae (
1107:
1093:
1037:
1009:
604:
Here the circumscription is broader, stripped of some of its constraints by saying
420:
266:) offer a biological example of when such phrases might be used. One definition of
625:
424:
371:
his description was correct or not, and whether he had correctly identified its
367:
363:
1125:
1021:
593:
403:
which creatures are included in the species described, and which are excluded
271:
82:
159:
adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning of "more" or "most". Thus
527:
473:"The second progradational unit plus PAN-4 are correlatable to the Pontian
444:
279:
650:
589:
327:
sensu auct." is an erroneous name for a mushroom which should really be "
287:
275:
156:
59:
1029:
564:
301:
Conversely, where convenient, some authors derive expressions such as "
283:
47:
1098:
1081:
613:
597:
520:
482:
93:
63:
1013:
133:– "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to
838:
789:
Spichiger, R.-E.; Savolainen, Vincent V.; Figeat, Murielle (2004).
746:
713:
629:
543:
315:
841:
Fungus-Insect
Relationships: Perspectives in ecology and evolution
562:) have included in the family would not have shared that MRCA (or
171:("in the strictest possible sense" or "most strictly speaking").
55:
51:
443:"This ambiguity ... has led to a ... dual interpretation of the
383:
After a species has been established in this manner, specialist
633:
539:
515:
is meant, where more than one circumscription can be defined.
401:
means in essence that anyone competent in the matter can tell
547:
512:
427:, require very difficult circumscription, where changing the
259:
43:
818:. Developments in International Law. Vol. 7. Springer.
637:
86:
167:("in the stricter sense" or "more strictly speaking") and
30:
This article is about the Latin term. For other uses, see
538:), over 1000 species, including the closest relatives of
67:
92:, here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an
962:
The
Geology of Central Europe: Mesozoic and Cenozoic
481:Sacchi 2001)." Here we have a meta-reference: the
339:A related usage is in a concept-author citation ("
305:", meaning "not in the narrowest possible sense".
813:
493:
1123:
965:. Geological Society of London. pp. 1102–.
927:
925:
50:of". It is used in a number of fields including
1080:Olde, Peter M. & Marriott, Neil R. (2002).
938:. Geological Society of London. pp. 331–.
931:
770:
999:
839:Wheeler, Quentin; Blackwell, Meredith (1984).
778:. New York, NY: Harper Torchbooks. p. 22.
922:
657:A.S. George has been virtually dismantled..."
252:in a relaxed/more relaxed/most relaxed sense
1079:
96:(in the same case). Three such phrases are:
485:in the sense that Sacchi had applied it as
958:
952:
706:"Definition of Term — sensu stricto"
334:
1097:
360:"author citation" or "authority citation"
816:Customary International Law and Treaties
673:; the current author might or might not
1052:"Classification of Malvaceae: Overview"
995:
993:
739:"Definition of Term — sensu lato"
648:"The 'clearly non-monophyletic' series
212:in the strict/stricter/strictest sense
14:
1124:
1073:
894:from the original on 23 September 2018
105:– "in the strict sense", abbreviation
862:
860:
791:Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants
580:circumscription the family Malvaceae
507:of living creatures to specify which
148:to mean "in the pre-eminent sense".
121:– "in the broad sense", abbreviation
990:
466:"...genetic stratigraphic sequences
232:in the broad/broader/broadest sense
73:
27:Latin word meaning "in the sense of"
175:Variants of phrases using the word
24:
857:
776:The Journals of Søreen Kierkegaard
25:
1153:
1117:
935:The Geology of England and Wales
1062:from the original on 2023-12-04
1044:
979:from the original on 2024-06-02
753:from the original on 2017-09-13
720:from the original on 2017-09-13
906:
876:
832:
807:
782:
774:(1959). Dru, Alexander (ed.).
764:
731:
698:
494:Examples in practical taxonomy
13:
1:
890:. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
843:. Columbia University Press.
692:
687:Glossary of scientific naming
624:, including those related to
608:; that is what speaking more
644:group remains monophyletic.
100:
7:
680:
552:most recent common ancestor
405:. It is in this process of
296:Plantae in sensu strictiore
270:is that it consists of all
258:Current definitions of the
10:
1158:
814:Villiger, Mark E. (1985).
354:." is an abbreviation of "
128:
29:
884:"Tricholoma amethystinum"
671:how A. S. George saw them
409:that the question of the
393:taxonomic circumscription
116:
1137:Latin biological phrases
932:P. J. Brenchley (2006).
451:meaning, or the shorter
325:"Tricholoma amethystinum
292:Plantae in sensu stricto
335:Qualifiers and contexts
1142:Botanical nomenclature
1132:Scientific terminology
793:. Science Publishers.
661:This remark specifies
659:
602:
588:and also the families
532:
303:sensu non strictissimo
32:Sensu (disambiguation)
646:
574:
517:
373:biological affinities
46:word meaning "in the
455:meaning." Here the "
312:Also the expression
959:Tom McCann (2008).
584:includes Malvaceae
550:, share a notional
407:species description
179:
1056:www.malvaceae.info
447:Stage; the longer
208:sensu strictissimo
174:
169:sensu strictissimo
151:When appropriate,
1099:10.58828/nuy00394
972:978-1-86239-265-6
945:978-1-86239-200-7
918:978-0-660-19800-2
872:978-0-521-31578-4
850:978-0-231-05695-3
825:978-90-247-2980-7
800:978-1-57808-373-2
536:strictly speaking
526:is cladistically
329:Lepista personata
288:glaucophyte algae
256:
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142:Søren Kierkegaard
74:Common qualifiers
16:(Redirected from
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576:"In the broader
556:broadly speaking
248:sensu amplissimo
203:sensu strictiore
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165:sensu strictiore
144:uses the phrase
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509:circumscription
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331:(Fr.) Cooke").
319:(abbreviation:
228:sensu latissimo
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1092:(1): 85–99.
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896:. Retrieved
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722:. Retrieved
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523:
519:"The family
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346:Smith", or "
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745:. 06/2017.
712:. 06/2017.
667:Cyrtostylis
663:Alex George
651:Cyrtostylis
590:Bombacaceae
511:of a given
417:higher taxa
385:taxonomists
378:s.s. or s.l
321:sensu auct.
280:land plants
276:green algae
238:sensu amplo
189:Superlative
186:Comparative
183:Base phrase
157:superlative
153:comparative
130:sensu amplo
60:linguistics
1126:Categories
1066:2023-12-03
983:2016-10-06
757:2017-08-31
724:2017-08-31
693:References
606:sensu lato
565:ipso facto
218:sensu lato
135:sensu lato
118:sensu lato
1022:0007-196X
1002:Brittonia
598:Tiliaceae
521:Malvaceae
284:red algae
192:Meanings
94:adjective
64:semiotics
1108:85592772
1060:Archived
977:Archived
892:Archived
751:Archived
749:. 2017.
747:FishBase
718:Archived
716:. 2017.
714:FishBase
681:See also
544:hibiscus
505:taxonomy
421:families
419:such as
356:secundum
316:auctorum
286:and all
163:becomes
1086:Nuytsia
1038:2887745
1030:2807839
675:approve
610:broadly
483:Pontian
461:gallico
457:anglico
282:), all
268:Plantae
264:Plantae
85:of the
81:is the
56:geology
52:biology
1106:
1036:
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942:
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847:
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636:, and
634:durian
540:cotton
425:orders
314:sensu
111:s.str.
90:sensus
66:, and
18:S.str.
1104:S2CID
1034:S2CID
1026:JSTOR
655:sensu
626:cacao
513:taxon
500:Sensu
479:sensu
468:sensu
437:sensu
429:sense
412:sense
348:sensu
177:sensu
79:Sensu
48:sense
44:Latin
42:is a
39:Sensu
1018:ISSN
967:ISBN
940:ISBN
914:ISBN
900:2018
868:ISBN
845:ISBN
820:ISBN
795:ISBN
642:s.l.
638:jute
630:cola
622:s.l.
596:and
586:s.s.
582:s.l.
570:s.s.
560:s.l.
548:taxa
542:and
524:s.s.
364:type
278:and
155:and
123:s.l.
107:s.s.
87:noun
1094:doi
1010:doi
578:APG
558:or
423:or
352:sec
342:sec
298:.
109:or
68:law
1128::
1102:.
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1088:.
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