777:
111:
173:
Holberg gave the go-ahead for the development of a minicomputer in mid 1962 and was to be a further development of Lydia. The goal was not to make a computer that could compete with commercial models, but instead be tailored for use internally in NDRE for research of computers and simulation. SAM was
224:
in the United States. NDRE was awarded the contract in part because of NTNF's obligation to support
Norwegian technology and in part because NDRE agreed to purchase a suitable foreign computer if they could not successfully manufacture one themselves. The thought was that it would be possible to
225:
construct a
Norwegian computer for the same price as an off-the-shelf computer given that the wages at NDRE were not included. NDRE was able to make an agreement with Chr. Michelsen Institute which allowed them to borrow their computer in case SAM 2 did not work.
161:, an anti-submarine warfare system. The system relied on an analogue electromechanical computer and NDRE saw the possibility of using digital computers instead. Yngvar Lundh wrote his master's thesis in engineering at NDRE in 1957 and then studied at
169:
minicomputer. When he returned to NDRE, Lundh started working on a digital computer named Lydia for Bridge, an anti-submarine system. Holberg became director of the telecommunications division in 1962 and Lundh's group moved there.
81:
started working on SAM 1. After it was completed, NDRE convinced the satellite station to procure a
Norwegian computer, despite that it had yet to be developed. Key people in the SAM 2 development were
280:. While in Bergen the group met an old fellow student who was working as an entrepreneur and the designers decided to establish a computer manufacturing company. This resulted in the establishment of
216:
The choice of computer for the Tromsø station became a major part of the negotiations. NDRE argued that it was fully capable of delivering such a system, but NTNF instead wanted to safe by buying the
228:
NDRE had in the meantime hired two graduates, Rolf Skår and Per Bjørge, who became a core of the development group. SAM 2 was the first in Europe and among the first three in the world which used
178:
576:
534:
744:
130:
The first attempts by NDRE to build a computer were made by the mathematics division in the early 1950s. There were two main intended uses: calculation of
70:
586:
817:
346:
734:
119:
87:
729:
284:, a major manufacturer of minicomputers. At the company's peak in 1987 it was one of Norway's largest companies and more than 3,600 people.
232:. The computer was built by two groups, both of which put in 14-hour shifts. Construction was completed several months before the deadline.
683:
581:
288:
688:
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46:, built between 1962 and 1964, was the first Norwegian-built programmable computer. It featured 4,096 14-bit words of memory and 14
202:
39:
703:
812:
807:
663:
162:
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194:
501:
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802:
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completed in 1964 and used in-house at NDRE. It was the first
Norwegian-built computer which could be programmed.
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151:
272:
As there was time between SAM 2 was completed and it had to be in Tromsø, the designers took it on a tour to
221:
186:
338:
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in mid 1966. Part of the reason for the
Norwegian support was the opportunity of training Norwegians in
55:
767:
673:
59:
157:
The development of SAM arose in the NDRE's servo division. Led by Karl
Holberg, it was working on
245:
213:
and digital computing. The agreement involved that NDRE was to supply a minicomputer for Tromsø.
146:, but there were no commercially available digital computers. In 1953 NDRE was offered a digital
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571:
74:
558:
417:
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and the agency thus terminated its own computer development and instead focused on software.
17:
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8:
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was built between 1966 and 1967 and was used for analysis of satellite imagery at
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SAM 1 had a main memory of 4,096 words, each 24 bits long. It had seven 14-bit
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260:. It had a flexible input and output system and was connected to NDRE's
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181:(NTNF) and NDRE started negotiating a satellite ground station in
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99:
179:
Royal
Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
698:
519:
495:"Norwegian Space Activities 1958–2003: A Historical Overview"
217:
475:
Kunnskap som våpen: Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt 1946–1975
244:, eight special purpose registers, three data registers, an
166:
493:
Rødberg, Ole Anders; Collett, John Petter (October 2004).
77:. When it was completed in 1962, the design group led by
433:
765:
62:, it was among the first three in the world to use
126:which made up the NDRE's digital division in 1962
789:
416:"Fortsatt vekst for Norsk Data" (in Norwegian).
457:(in Norwegian). Oslo: J. M. Stenersens Forlag.
492:
471:
114:Per Bugge-Asperheim, Svein Strøm, Per Klevan,
535:
339:"Ærespris til norsk nettpionér Yngvar Lundh"
452:
542:
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438:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Ad Notam Gyldendal.
289:Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology
455:Eventyret Norsk Data: En bit av framtiden
336:
94:. On the basis of SAM 2 they established
818:Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
109:
40:Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
14:
790:
523:
472:Njølstad, Olav; Wicken, Olav (1997).
384:
382:
337:Haraldsen, Arild (4 September 2008).
323:
321:
163:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
142:. The background was that NDRE had a
205:. The agreement was approved by the
195:European Space Research Organization
165:in the US where he encountered the
122:, Asbjørn Horn, Olav Landsverk and
24:
507:from the original on 29 April 2014
379:
361:
349:from the original on 11 March 2014
318:
28:Simulation for Automatic Machinery
25:
829:
235:
775:
478:(in Norwegian). Tano Aschehoug.
453:Heradstveit, Per Øyvind (1985).
434:Den Norske Dataforening (1993).
409:
69:NDRE's first computer had been
50:and was used in-house at NDRE.
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400:
391:
370:
330:
309:
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152:Norwegian Intelligence Service
105:
13:
1:
813:1967 establishments in Norway
808:1964 establishments in Norway
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222:Digital Equipment Corporation
187:Kongsfjord Telemetry Station
7:
327:Den Norske Dataforening: 78
287:SAM 1 is on display at the
138:and for the dimensions for
10:
834:
722:
674:Nord Programming Language
651:
605:
577:Dolphin Server Technology
557:
500:. European Space Agency.
267:
201:satellites starting with
60:third-generation computer
42:(NDRE) in the mid-1960s.
56:Tromsø Satellite Station
803:One-of-a-kind computers
193:were to be used by the
572:Dietz Computer Systems
127:
75:anti-submarine warfare
418:Norwegian News Agency
211:pulse-code modulation
113:
679:Norsk Data Assembler
207:Parliament of Norway
230:integrated circuits
73:which was used for
64:integrated circuits
436:Data gjennom 40 år
420:. 29 January 1987.
136:ballistic missiles
128:
98:and developed the
763:
762:
750:Lars Monrad-Krohn
745:Kolbjørn Johansen
254:punch card reader
150:computer via the
132:orbital mechanics
116:Lars Monrad-Krohn
84:Lars Monrad-Krohn
16:(Redirected from
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740:Erik Engebretsen
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185:in 1965. It and
144:keypunch machine
34:were two unique
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140:Kjeller Reactor
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248:, a screen, a
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236:Specifications
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102:minicomputer.
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587:Økernsenteret
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376:Njølstad: 260
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38:built by the
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36:minicomputers
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509:. Retrieved
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428:Bibliography
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393:
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351:. Retrieved
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129:
124:Yngvar Lundh
79:Yngvar Lundh
68:
51:
43:
31:
27:
26:
730:Tor Alfheim
714:Sintran III
567:Benham Park
367:Rødberg: 17
258:Flexowriter
246:accumulator
106:Development
792:Categories
735:Per Bjørge
551:Norsk Data
485:8251835828
353:28 October
295:References
282:Norsk Data
197:for their
191:Ny-Ålesund
120:Per Bjørge
96:Norsk Data
88:Per Bjørge
755:Rolf Skår
278:Trondheim
250:light pen
92:Rolf Skår
48:registers
684:Nord-TSS
652:Software
633:Nord-100
597:Tandberg
511:10 April
502:Archived
347:Archived
262:CDC 3600
148:Ferranti
709:Sintran
689:Nortext
643:ND-5000
628:Nord-50
623:Nord-10
559:History
343:digi.no
782:Norway
768:Portal
723:People
638:ND-500
618:Nord-5
613:Nord-1
482:
461:
442:
274:Bergen
268:Legacy
256:and a
203:ESRO-2
183:Tromsø
100:Nord-1
704:Sibas
699:PLANC
669:Notis
505:(PDF)
498:(PDF)
220:from
218:PDP-8
159:Terne
71:Lydia
52:SAM 2
44:SAM 1
18:SAM 2
664:Ndix
582:FUNN
513:2012
480:ISBN
459:ISBN
440:ISBN
355:2012
276:and
252:, a
177:The
167:TX-2
134:for
90:and
58:. A
694:PED
659:LED
592:SAM
189:in
32:SAM
30:or
794::
381:^
345:.
320:^
291:.
264:.
118:,
86:,
66:.
770::
543:e
536:t
529:v
515:.
488:.
467:.
448:.
357:.
20:)
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