72:, where smooth-moving, high-stepping horses were used by plantation owners and overseers to travel across the fields. The horses had to be smooth riding and comfortable enough for hours of riding while overseeing the plantation, but the owners also preferred an impressive, high-stepping horse for riding in town. A second influence was European: a flatter English show saddle was developed from the tradition of riders who would often show off their flashiest, highest-stepping horses by riding them in city parks on Sundays. Hence, the term "park horse" is still used today to describe competitions in which the action of the horse is of paramount importance. In the northern United States, showing high-stepping horses in a flat park-style saddle at fairs was one way breeders would promote their horses.
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with long stirrups in a "classical" position (legs balanced under the rider, not sitting too far back on the horse's loins), are able to properly ride their horses, encouraging the animals to step under themselves and collect, raising their backs, elevating their necks, and working off their hindquarters. Poorly made saddles of this style can be unbalanced and an improper seat leads to a hollow-backed horse who does not have properly engaged hindquarters, with a superficially correct front-end position that is achieved by improperly forcing the horse's head and neck up and in, usually by means of leveraged training aids.
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shoes on high-action breeds are often held in place with a metal band, as well as with clinches, because of their weight. Longer toes and heavier shoes encourage a saddle seat horse to lift its feet and knees higher, or reach them out farther, with more "snap" and flash. Toe length and shoe weight therefore is an often controversial issue among saddle seat competitors. Toe length and, at times, shoe weight, are often measured at sanctioned shows. Pad height is also governed by breed: some breeds and divisions either prohibit pads altogether or only allow minimal pads. Other breeds, such as the
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tail. This method is uncommon since it is more time consuming and yields a "tighter" tail that is physically more difficult to brace. If an upright tail position is desired, a humane brace can be used in the show ring to avoid physically altering the tail. This is a wire attachment that sits on top of the tail to give the appearance of a brace. False hair is used to cover the wire attachment. Humane braces are uncommon since they are difficult to stabilize on the tail, especially in riding horses.
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stretchies (elastic rubber tubing attached to the front legs by fleece-covered leather half-hobbles, used to provide resistance training), weighted rattles (large beads) or chains placed around the fetlock, and "shackles" or a "running-W", devices composed of pulleys and ropes that help increase the horses' range of motion. Depending on the breed, some devices may be used in the warm-up area but not the show ring, while other breeds ban them from the show grounds entirely.
556:(sometime nicknamed "jods"), which are close-fitting pants with knee patches and bell-bottoms that go over the boots, usually with a strap that goes under the boot to keep them from riding up. A long, fitted coat is also required. For men, the coat length usually stops just above the knee. For women, depending on height, the coat may be below the knee, though exact length varies from year to year as show ring fashions change. The outfit is complete with the addition of
678:(the area of the mane just behind the horse's ears, where the bridle lies across the top of the horse's head), is often trimmed farther down the neck than in other disciplines in order to show off the clean throatlatch, length, and elegance of the horse's neck. While most show horses in the United States have a short bridle path (a bridle path less than six inches long or equal in length to the height of the horse's ear is a common
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572:, which is based on formal menswear fashion and usually consists of a black or dark navy blue long coat with matching satin lapels, top hat, vest or cummerbund, bow tie, white gloves and matching jodhpurs with matching satin strip on the outside of the pant leg. No formal attire can be worn in pleasure or pleasure equitation classes, (except for
549:, conservative solid colors must be worn, such as black, navy blue, brown, dark green or gray. Pinstriped fabrics and other fabric textures that appear solid at a distance are also acceptable. However, in some classes, it is also legal to wear a "day coat", which is a coat that is of a contrasting color from the rider's trousers.
437:, often 7 inches in overall length (some breeds have length limits in the rules). The browband is commonly brightly colored leather or vinyl, red being the most common color. The cavesson is sometimes plain leather, and sometimes colored to match the browband, depending on breed and fashion trends in tack.
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The tail is left long, and often the bottom of it is kept wrapped up at the stable so that it grows long enough to skim or even drag on the ground as the horse moves, and only taken down for show. Formerly, the upper portion of a three-gaited horse's tail was shaved to balance the look of the roached
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Many saddle seat horses also wear certain devices to increase their action while in training. Use of these devices is controversial, though when used correctly, they are said to help develop necessary muscles and should not be used in a manner that causes the horse physical pain. Devices used include
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The balance of the shoe can alter action: The three-gaited
American Saddlebred and the Hackney Horse have the highest knee action, while the Tennessee Walking Horse is asked to perform the "big lick", exaggerated action of the front legs, especially in the running walk, where the horse both lifts its
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The exact combination of elevation (knee height) and extension (how far out in front the horse reaches with its feet) is determined to some extent by breed and fashion. However, for the health of the horse, specialized shoeing should not change the hoof angle to any significant degree, as more than a
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Horse Show in
November. The NHS Good Hands Finals, UPHA Challenge Cup Finals, and USEF Medal Finals are considered the jewels in the Saddle Seat Equitation Triple Crown. This is frequently called the Saddlebred Equitation Triple Crown, which is incorrect as it is open to all breeds. However, usually
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is an international competition held biannually. It is the highest level of competition for saddle seat equitation riders and is competed in by the national saddle seat equitation teams from many countries around the world. The Saddle Seat
Invitationals, held on the off years, are competed in by the
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The head is also trimmed closely, paying special attention to the jaw, muzzle, ears (including the inside), and eyes. In the saddle seat world, the entire face often is clipped so the hairs are short, especially on a horse with a winter coat, and sometimes the entire horse is bodyclipped for an even
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It is possible to achieve the same look without the horse having to go through the nicking procedure. It is possibly to stretch the tail muscles by hand on a regular basis by pulling the tail up over the back. In conjunction with this, a tail set is also used that is tightened over time to raise the
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Saddlebred and Half
American Saddlebred horses "surgical release of only the ventral sacrocaudal muscle is allowable if performed by a licensed veterinarian". The tail is then placed into a tail set so that when the muscles and ligaments heal they are longer than they were initially. A tail set is a
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competition. Set tails are not allowed in
Saddlebred or Tennessee Walking horse pleasure classes or in most flat shod classes, though a horse which has previously been shown with a set tail may be allowed in some classes if its tail has been taken down and allowed to return to its natural position.
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breeds that adhere closely to their traditions, are usually shown with a full mane and forelock, though the forelock and the first lock of the mane may be braided with satin ribbon, which is color-coordinated with the browband of the bridle and the rider's outfit. (In recent years, the trend amongst
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that actually holds the tail itself. A tail set holds the tail up and stretches the muscles and ligaments of the tail, preventing it from gradually sinking down. Once healed, the tail will still retain most of its movement and function, such as swatting flies, but can no longer be clamped down hard
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that come just over the ankle (similar to "paddock boots" sometimes worn in other disciplines), a hat (usually a derby for women and a fedora for men), a vest, tie, and dark gloves. In some breeds, riders have coat linings made in a contrasting color to add extra flash, though colored linings go in
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In
Country Pleasure competition for Saddlebreds and flat shod divisions for Tennessee Walkers, built-up shoes and pads are not allowed, all action must be produced from natural ability. In saddle seat breed competition for Morgans and Arabians, pads and slightly weighted shoes are allowed, but with
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High action is prized in the saddle seat horse. Therefore, many horses used in saddle seat are allowed to grow longer feet than in other disciplines and are shod with pads and special shoes. While ordinary horseshoes are usually held on with horseshoe nails clinched on the outside wall of the hoof,
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Show ring grooming and "turnout" of the saddle seat horse is intended to emphasise elegance and grace. There are noticeable variations in grooming style between breeds, and sometimes within different disciplines of the same breed. Therefore, it is often quite easy even for newcomers to tell which
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in any class without penalty. In small, unrated, "academy" or "schooling" shows, classes for people new to saddle seat may relax the dress requirements and allow exhibitors to show without a costly show jacket, and simply wear
Kentucky jodhpurs, boots, a long sleeve button down shirt, sometimes a
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In equitation classes, in which the rider is judged, the coat and jods must match. In performance classes, in which the horse is judged, a matching equitation-style suit is appropriate, or riders, particularly women, may wear a day coat. Riders usually carry a longish whip, usually black, that is
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Due to the cutback pommel, these saddles are usually a few inches longer than other
English saddles. Even a properly balanced saddle seat saddle is quite flat and places the rider farther back on the horse in a position that feels less secure. However, good riders that ride a balanced saddle seat
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disciplines. These saddles have a cut-back pommel, which is set back several inches (usually four) to allow for the higher withers and neck set of the horse. The saddle has little padding, a very flat seat, and is placed further back on the horse to allow the extravagant front end movement of the
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Between shows, in the off season, and of course after retirement, a horse does not wear its tail set and even a nicked tail will drop to some degree; many returning to a completely normal appearance and even regaining their ability to clamp down. If the horse is shown again at a later time, many
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Set tails require much effort on the part of the groom. If the tail set shifts off center, the tail can become permanently crooked or skin damage can occur. If the set tail is not taken care of appropriately, even a nicked tail will drop down to a more normal position in a few months. Because it
526:. However, enforcement is spotty amongst show-sanctioning organizations, and funds are not sufficient for the USDA to inspect all horse shows. Therefore, even though the practice is widely condemned and illegal, with possible criminal penalties possible, it is still a problem for the industry.
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classes are penalized for leaning forward to any significant degree. However, like any other riding discipline, the position of the rider reflects the desired position of the horse. The rider must make the riding look effortless, and stay still and well-formed on the horse, sitting upright, with
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Tail setting is a controversial subject. This is primarily because a common way of creating the set look is a tail "nicking" operation, in which the retractor muscles on the underside of the dock are partially cut (the tail is not broken, as some people believe). The USEF permits, in
American
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The upright set tail shortens the length of the rest of the tail by several inches. Therefore, horses with set tails, particularly if thin or slow-growing, may have a false tail added. False tails are not allowed in Morgan or
Arabian competition. When used, false tails attempt to not appear
295:: This type of pleasure class that puts even greater emphasis on manners in the horse. The horse still has a high-set head position and somewhat animated gait, but animation is of less importance. Horses show at the walk, trot, and canter, often with extension, and are required to back.
518:, is soring: the placing of a caustic ointment on the coronary band and pastern of the horse, to cause pain so that the horse picks up its feet as quickly as they touch the ground. Because of the pain it causes to animals, soring has been banned by federal law, enforced by the
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only Morgan and Saddlebred riders are seen competing. Individual breed associations, such as the Morgan, Arabian, National Show Horse and others, also sponsor National Championship Saddle Seat Equitation competitions restricted to riders of horses of each particular breed.
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could be dangerous to turn a horse out in a tail set, horses in active competition are generally stalled while wearing their tail sets. Many horses only wear their sets at shows and for a day or two prior, while others wear their sets for the entire competition season.
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Other saddle seat breeds, such as the Arabian, Racking Horse and Morgan, prohibit tail-setting altogether. It is important to note that all American Saddlebred horses can compete with a natural, unset, and/or unbraced tail regardless of the division without penalty.
190:(USEF) rule book defines movement for American Saddlebred and Half-American Saddlebred horses to be "clean, rhythmic and fluid action which is straight and true". Saddle seat horses should appear to be energetic and pleasant, while responsive to the exhibitor.
538:, with variations in styling designed to improve the rider's appearance on horseback. Fashion in saddle seat disciplines changes with changes in menswear fashions, reflected in collar styles, shirt and tie designs, and sometimes in length of coat and color of
366:: divided by the experience of the horse or rider. The most common categories are: Maiden – never having won before in the division, Novice – never having won over three classes in the division, Limit – never having won over six classes in the division.
323:, and "Country" Pleasure classes. Tennessee Walkers exhibit in three categories: Flat shod, Plantation Pleasure, and Performance. Each class may ask for different variations of the gaits, extended gaits, and sometimes for any specialized gaits.
588:. In a few breed disciplines, though never in equitation, wearing flashy, brocaded coats in a formal class in lieu of a matching suit is occasionally fashionable, usually depending on parallel styles in the world of men's fashions.
49:. The style developed into its modern form in the United States, and is also seen in Canada and South Africa. To a much lesser extent, it is ridden with American horse breeds in Europe and Australia.
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classes) because it allows more fine-tuning of the horse's head and neck position, though a pelham can be used in a few specialized classes such as Saddlebred Pleasure Equitation. A single
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similar to that used by dressage riders. English-style spurs are optional. Technically a white-handled whip is only carried after 6:00 pm, but that particular tradition is widely ignored.
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Young Rider teams from various countries. Other national saddle seat equitation competitions include the NHS Good Hands Finals and the USEF (US Equestrian Federation) Finals held at the
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is used for gaited horses such as the Tennessee Walker and Missouri Fox Trotter. The shanks of the curb bit are often longer than those found on the Weymouth style double bridle used in
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Horse breeds usually shown saddle seat style typically have upright necks and free-moving, animated gaits. Several breeds do well in this discipline, with the most well-known being the
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mane and remains legal for show, but in recent decades the trend has been to keep a normal tail. Classes for three-gaited horses with full manes and tails are also offered.
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horse. This saddle also deliberately places the rider slightly "behind the motion", which makes it easier to influence both the headset of the horse and the animal's gaits.
271:: A class designation used in Saddlebred, Arabian, and Morgan competition, where horses are shown at a walk, trot, and canter, judged on their brilliant, high action.
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horses, usually age 5 and over. Under the rules of the USEF, riders can be broken down into age groups as follows: 10 and under, 11–13, 14–17, 18–39 and 40 and over.
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Correct saddle seat attire differs from that of western or hunt seat disciplines. For both men and women, it is closely modeled on men's business suits and/or the
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Class terminology varies between breeds. For example, Saddlebreds may be shown in "English Show Pleasure" or "English Country Pleasure". Morgans have Park,
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class designation used in almost every breed, designated classes where good manners and smooth performance are more important than brilliant action. Most
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The goal of the saddle seat riding style is to show off the horse's extravagant gaits, particularly the trot. It is not to be confused with the various
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against the buttocks. In the show ring, the tailsetting harness is removed, but the tail is often tied or put into a tail brace to hold it in place.
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horses show with a full mane and tail with no additions; exhibitors are specifically prohibited from braiding or adding ribbons to their horses.
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As with other events governed by the United States Equestrian Federation, the discipline name is two words, "saddle seat" not one, "saddleseat".
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682:), saddle seat horses often have a bridle path 8 to 12 inches long, depending on current fashion. There are variations in bridle path lengths:
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horses with nicked tails need only wear the tail set for a few days before a show to re-stretch the tail muscles into the correct position.
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with snaffle bits in the show ring varies by breed, but setups for junior horses and other horses in training may include the use of a
98:. To the casual observer the rider sits well back in the saddle, carrying his or her hands higher than in other disciplines. Riders in
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are shown with an artificially positioned tail in the "high action" classes, including park, three-gaited, five-gaited, and
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The trot or gait for applicable breeds and divisions is generally considered to be the most prized gait. The 2020
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cut close to the skin. The only exception to this tradition of closely trimmed legs is for breeds such as the
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is also legal for pleasure classes, though not common. The double bridle is preferred (and mandatory in most
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101 Horsemanship & Equitation Patterns: A Western & English Ringside Guide for Practice & Show
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obviously fake; they are matched to the horse's natural hair color and flow into the natural tail.
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gaits known as the rack (a fast, showy gait), and slow gait (four-beat gait with great suspension).
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disciplines developed in the United States. The first source was the Plantation tradition of the
247:: Open to American Saddlebreds, shown at the walk, trot, and canter, as well as the four -beat
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exhibitors are particularly prone to shaving extremely long bridle paths, while exhibitors of
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classes require horses to show at a walk, trot and canter, often calling for extended gaits.
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Junior classes, limited to horses under four or five years old, may allow horses to wear a
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American Saddlebreds shown specifically in three-gaited competition are shown with a
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shoulders back and posting that is graceful and quiet. In saddle seat, high-stepping
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allow a 1-inch wedge pad, while at the extreme, 4-inch "stacks" are seen on certain
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In any competition, classes may be broken down by any of the following criteria:
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Lineup of a Saddle Seat class for American Saddlebreds, daytime "informal" attire
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with colorful browband and cavesson, moderately long bridle path, and long mane
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The most controversial practice used on some saddle seat horses, primarily the
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A saddle seat rider, in formal evening attire, showing a classic 3-gaited horse
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For all other breeds, only part of the mane is trimmed. This area, called the
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A "saddle seat" style saddle, also sometimes called a "Lane Fox" or "cutback"
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Saddle seat riding began as a distinct style within the broader group of
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An Arabian horse turned out for a saddle seat pleasure class, wearing a
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Any of the breeds used for saddle seat competition may also be shown in
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Saddlebred exhibitors is to clip off the forelock.) On the other hand,
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are required of the horses shown, and the rider's position, behind the
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Horses shown saddle seat generally are left with a very long, flowing
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breed is being shown by the observing the way the horses are groomed.
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https://www.usef.org/forms-pubs/MpyUsxb_liI/sb-american-half-american
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feet very high and reaches them out in front as far as possible.
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strictly enforced limits on overall toe length and shoe weight.
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http://www.american-saddlebred.com/equipment/equipment.html
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Saddlebreds in 5-gaited saddle seat performance competition
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After 6:00 p.m., some classes allow a rider to wear
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that is designed to show off the high action of certain
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to be used to encourage front leg action in the horse.
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Riding for success: Both in and out of the showring.
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are sometimes shown in this discipline. Less often,
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that differs considerably from other styles such as
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1056:Saddle & Bridle, Inc.; Revised edition, 2013
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456:. These tools are commonly used in training.
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409:The saddle seat horse traditionally wears a
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495:3 degree alteration may lead to lameness.
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982:EQUUS Special Report: Why Soring Persists
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1083:"American Horse Shows in Great Britain"
520:United States Department of Agriculture
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1017:Examples of tail set harness and brace
779:The horse's legs are trimmed, and the
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1004:2008 USEF Rulebook, Subchapter SB-137
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552:In all classes, riders wear Kentucky
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993:2008 USEF Rulebook, Subchapter SB-5
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215:United States Equestrian Federation
188:United States Equestrian Federation
143:derived from these breeds, such as
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1042:DoubleDay; Revised edition, 1982.
502:A big lick Tennessee Walking Horse
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19:For an airliner saddle seat, see
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595:rules, a rider may opt to wear
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1028:"Welcome | US Equestrian"
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897:"Welcome | US Equestrian"
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716:with an artificially set tail
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1876:Horse showing and exhibition
1181:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic
524:Horse Protection Act of 1970
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1725:Western riding (horse show)
1271:List of horse racing venues
958:"American Saddlebred Gaits"
910:Hill, Cherry (2010-06-24).
883:"The Saddleseat Discipline"
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413:(full bridle), with both a
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1840:List of historical horses
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485:Tennessee Walking Horses
259:Tennessee Walking Horses
137:Tennessee Walking Horses
1607:Cowboy mounted shooting
1040:Saddle Seat Equitation.
941:USEF 2020 Rulebook: SB
735:Tennessee Walking Horse
516:Tennessee Walking Horse
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119:Type of horse required
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1695:Show hunter (British)
1304:Equestrian drill team
1078:Saddle Seat World Cup
805:Saddle Seat World Cup
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635:The mane and forelock
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231:, shown at the walk,
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173:Rocky Mountain Horses
145:Spotted Saddle Horses
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16:Style of horse riding
1809:Mounted orienteering
1758:Icelandic equitation
1494:Working stock sports
971:Horse Protection Act
688:American Saddlebreds
649:American Saddlebreds
604:instead of a derby.
582:American Saddlebreds
229:American Saddlebreds
169:Missouri Foxtrotters
161:Dutch Harness Horses
149:National Show Horses
1743:Camargue equitation
1665:Halter (horse show)
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545:According to the
255:Plantation Walker
109:center of balance
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1715:Western dressage
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257:: Open to
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