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attracted by his sanctity and character, came to
Subiaco to be under his guidance. Having failed by sending him poisonous bread, Florentius tried to seduce his monks with some prostitutes. To avoid further temptations, in about 530 Benedict left Subiaco. He founded 12 monasteries in the vicinity of Subiaco, and, eventually, in 530 he founded the great Benedictine monastery of
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in 1415 was eventually found that had a picture of
Benedict holding a scroll in one hand and a staff which ended in a cross in the other. On the scroll and staff were written the full words of the initials contained on the crosses. Medals then began to be struck in Germany, which then spread throughout Europe. This medal was first approved by
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in
Bavaria, the accused women testified they had no power over Metten, which was under the protection of the cross. An investigation found a number of painted crosses on the walls of the abbey with the letters now found on St Benedict medals, but their meaning had been forgotten. A manuscript written
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During these three years of solitude, broken only by occasional communications with the outer world and by the visits of
Romanus, Benedict matured both in mind and character, in knowledge of himself and of his fellow-man, and at the same time he became not merely known to, but secured the respect of,
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Benedict contributed more than anyone else to the rise of monasticism in the West. His Rule was the foundational document for thousands of religious communities in the Middle Ages. To this day, The Rule of St. Benedict is the most common and influential Rule used by monasteries and monks, more than
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comprises seventy-three short chapters. Its wisdom is twofold: spiritual (how to live a
Christocentric life on earth) and administrative (how to run a monastery efficiently). More than half of the chapters describe how to be obedient and humble, and what to do when a member of the community is not.
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There lived in the neighborhood a priest called
Florentius who, moved by envy, tried to ruin him. He tried to poison him with poisoned bread. When he prayed a blessing over the bread, a raven swept in and took the loaf away. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent, and many people,
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Gregory did not set out to write a chronological, historically anchored story of
Benedict, but he did base his anecdotes on direct testimony. To establish his authority, Gregory explains that his information came from what he considered the best sources: a handful of Benedict's disciples who lived
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originally came from a cross in honor of Saint
Benedict. On one side, the medal has an image of Saint Benedict, holding the Holy Rule in his left hand and a cross in his right. There is a raven on one side of him, with a cup on the other side of him. Around the medal's outer margin are the words
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discussed the influence St
Benedict had on Western Europe. The pope said that "with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture" and helped Europe to emerge from the "dark night of history" that followed the fall of the
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Image of Saint
Benedict with a cross (which is inscribed, "Crux sacra sit mihi lux! Non-draco sit mihi dux!" ("May the holy cross be my light! May the dragon never be my guide!")) and a scroll stating "Vade retro Satana! Nunquam suade mihi vana! Sunt mala quae libas. Ipse venena bibas! ("Begone
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A short distance from Enfide is the entrance to a narrow, gloomy valley, penetrating the mountains and leading directly to Subiaco. The path continues to ascend, and the side of the ravine on which it runs becomes steeper until a cave is reached, above this point the mountain now rises almost
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perpendicularly; while on the right, it strikes in a rapid descent down to where, in Benedict's day, 500 feet (150 m) below, lay the blue waters of a lake. The cave has a large triangular-shaped opening and is about ten feet deep. On his way from Enfide, Benedict met a monk,
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813:. According to Pope Gregory, King Totila ordered a general to wear his kingly robes in order to see whether Benedict would discover the truth. Immediately Benedict detected the impersonation, and Totila came to pay him due respect.
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mentions in a line and a half that it is Benedict's day of death and that his memorial is celebrated on 11 July, while on 11 July it devotes seven lines to speaking of him, and mentions the tradition that he died on 21 March.
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This medal was first struck in 1880 to commemorate the fourteenth centenary of Benedict's birth and is also called the Jubilee Medal; its exact origin, however, is unknown. In 1647, during a witchcraft trial at
714:. If 480 is accepted as the year of his birth, the year of his abandonment of his studies and leaving home would be about 500. Gregory's narrative makes it impossible to suppose him younger than 20 at the time.
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About one-fourth regulate the work of God (the "opus Dei"). One-tenth outline how, and by whom, the monastery should be managed. Benedictine asceticism is known for its moderation.
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Benedict was sent to Rome to study, but was disappointed by the academic studies he encountered there. Seeking to flee the great city, he left with his nurse and settled in
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A basilica was built upon the birthplace of Benedict and Scholastica in the 1400s. Ruins of their familial home were excavated from beneath the church and preserved. The
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moved his memorial to 11 July, the date that appears in some Gallic liturgical books of the end of the 8th century as the feast commemorating his birth (
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1559:. These men and women are associated with over two thousand Roman Catholic, Anglican, and ecumenical Benedictine monasteries on six continents.
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Declared the patron saint of Europe in 1964 by Pope Paul VI, Benedict is also the patron of farmers, peasants, and Italian architects.
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Apart from a short poem attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino, the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of
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was an account that summed up the findings of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered history. Gregory's
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In Gregory's day, history was not recognised as an independent field of study; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and
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Gregory's account of Benedict's life, however, is not a biography in the modern sense of the word. It provides instead a
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those about him; so much so that on the death of the abbot of a monastery in the neighbourhood (identified by some with
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in present-day Lazio, Italy (about 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the east of Rome), before moving further south-east to
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of the gentle, disciplined abbot. In a letter to Bishop Maximilian of Syracuse, Gregory states his intention for his
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Today, tens of thousands of men and women throughout the world profess to live their lives according to Benedict's
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with him and witnessed his various miracles. These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as
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Satan! Never tempt me with your vanities! The drink you offer is evil. Drink that poison yourself!", or in brief,
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1043:("Begone Satan, do not suggest to me thy vanities") then a space followed by the initials SMQLIVB which signify
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is published in each province. In almost all of these, Saint Benedict is commemorated on 11 July. Benedict is
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Benedict of Nursia Principal attributes: black monastic garb, staff, book with inscription: "Pray and Work."
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Founder of the Benedictine Order, Exorcist, Mystic, Abbot of Monte Cassino, and Father of Western Monasticism
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completely devastated the structure of the basilica, leaving only the front facade and altar standing.
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1660:), tr. Odo John Zimmerman, O.S.B. and Benedict , O.S.B. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980), p. iv.
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Barrely, Christine; Leblon, Saskia; Péraudin, Laure; Trieulet, Stéphane (23 March 2011) . "Benedict".
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cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons.
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1014:("May the Holy Cross be my light") and on the horizontal bar are the initials NDSMD which stand for
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1991:
1374:]. Translated by O'Connell, Matthew J. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. p. 218.
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may be found at the top of the cross in most cases. Around the medal's margin on this side are the
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Gregory tells little of Benedict's later life. He now speaks of Benedict no longer as a youth (
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199 (edito altera 2004); pages 188 and 361 of the 2001 edition (Libreria Editrice Vaticana
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875:, his feast is kept on 21 March, the day of his death according to some manuscripts of the
644:, thought to have been written in 593, although the authenticity of this work is disputed.
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908:). There is some uncertainty about the origin of this feast. Accordingly, on 21 March the
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The early Middle Ages have been called "the Benedictine centuries." In April 2008, Pope
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1228:â60), MusĂ©e National de l'Age MĂ©diĂ©vale, Paris, orig. at the Abbatiale of St. Denis
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2014:
2005:
1782:
1494:]. Translated by Bell, Elizabeth. San Francisco: Chronicle Book. p. 34.
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Benedict has been also the motif of many collector's coins around the world. The
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868:) is held on this island in his honor, one of the most important in the country.
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of Monte Cassino, Honoratus, who was abbot of Subiaco when St. Gregory wrote his
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Benedict XVI, "Saint Benedict of Norcia" Homily given to a general audience at
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612:), which persuaded most Christian religious communities founded throughout the
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2198:. London and Boston: Philip Lee Warner, Publisher to the Medici Society Ltd.
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602:, but it also has a unique spirit of balance, moderation and reasonableness (
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2370:"Saint Benedict of Norcia, Patron of Poison Sufferers, Monks, And Many More"
2137:"Beer-Brewing Monks of Norcia Say Earthquake Destroys St. Benedict Basilica"
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Stracke, Prof. J.R., "St. Benedict â Iconography", Augusta State University
2018:
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663:, literally, 'flowers') of the most striking miracles of Italian holy men.
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2329:"The Medal Or Cross of St. Benedict: Its Origin, Meaning, and Privileges"
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802:
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624:. For this reason, Giuseppe Carletti regarded Benedict as the founder of
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385:
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Man in a Benedictine cowl holding Benedict's rule or a rod of discipline
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393:
1047:("Evil are the things thou profferest, drink thou thine own poison").
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as the term is commonly understood, but a confederation of autonomous
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2022:
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726:
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721:. Enfide, which the tradition of Subiaco identifies with the modern
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1937:""Orthodox Church in America: The Lives of the Saints, March 14th""
1103:
Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders' commemorative coin
851:
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729:
mountains, about forty miles from Rome and two miles from Subiaco.
421:
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For the various literary accounts, see Anonymous Monk of Whitby,
970:
for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot. The
859:
531:
416:
1018:("Let not the dragon be my guide"). The initials CSPB stand for
3474:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
2917:
2827:
2732:
1626:. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 3 Mar. 2014"
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806:
722:
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711:
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for his monks to follow. Heavily influenced by the writings of
412:
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262:
193:
1344:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 157, n. 110.
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became one of the most influential religious rules in Western
1483:
858:) he is the patron saint of fields and farmers. An important
855:
668:
603:
145:
1467:
Festivals and Commemorations in Evangelical Lutheran Worship
893:
882:
245:
1892:"RomerĂa de San Benito Abad", Oficial de turismo de España
3363:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1882:
Brewer's dictionary of phrase & fable. Cassell. p.953
2252:(in English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese).
1260:
representing the strength of monks who live in community
2269:"A Benedictine Oblate Priest â The Rule in Parish Life"
2245:(Institutional website of the Order of Saint Benedict)
2236:
3394:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1649:
1647:
1083:
in his briefs of 23 December 1741 and 12 March 1742.
30:"Saint Benedict" redirects here. For other uses, see
2217:
934:has no single universal calendar, but a provincial
799:, which lies on a hilltop between Rome and Naples.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2467:
1644:
927:celebrate the Feast of Saint Benedict on July 11.
465:Servants who have broken their master's belongings
2001:
1999:
1839:
541:Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at
3714:
3464:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
1088:Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders'
997:for the 1,400th anniversary of his birth in 1880
163:A portrait of Saint Benedict as depicted in the
1996:
502:; 2 March 480 â 21 March 547), often known as
2453:
2310:
1459:
1457:
892:would always be impeded by the observance of
596:), it shows strong affinity with the earlier
432:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
2394:Publications by and about Benedict of Nursia
1783:"St Benedict of Nursia", the British Library
1219:St. Benedict at the Death of St. Scholastica
1202:Portrait (1926) by Herman Nieg (1849â1928);
1041:"Vade Retro Satana, Nonquam Suade Mihi Vana"
2161:"Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Iconography"
1760:Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints
1622:"Ford, Hugh. "St. Benedict of Norcia." The
1406:"Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Iconography"
1175:Small gold-coloured Saint Benedict crucifix
774:
768:
27:6th-century Italian Catholic saint and monk
3748:Founders of Catholic religious communities
3479:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
3429:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
2460:
2446:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1454:
1363:
1090:, issued on 13 March 2002 is one of them.
1008:"Eius in obitu nostro praesentia muniamur"
333:Broken cup and serpent representing poison
311:21 March (pre-1970 General Roman Calendar)
2326:
1518:
1045:"Sunt Mala Quae Libas, Ipse Venena Bibas"
953:
920:commemorates Saint Benedict on 14 March.
846:. Furthermore, he is the patron saint of
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2195:The Dialogues of Saint Gregory the Great
1709:Knowles, Michael David. "St. Benedict".
1437:St. Benedict and Christianity in England
1424:
1330:
1140:Category:Paintings of Benedict of Nursia
1097:
1049:
988:
801:
731:
2431:"Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica"
2188:
1716:
1697:
1463:
1364:Lanzi, Fernando; Lanzi, Gioia (2004) .
978:
557:emerged later and, moreover, is not an
14:
3715:
1778:
1776:
1690:See Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis, ed.,
1616:
1614:
1612:
1524:
1338:The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great
2441:
2256:from the original on 21 October 2004.
2250:"Life and Miracles of Saint Benedict"
2167:from the original on 27 November 2022
1985:
1973:from the original on 15 December 2021
1545:from the original on 20 February 2023
1430:
1412:from the original on 27 November 2022
616:to adopt it. As a result, Benedict's
2345:Works by or about Benedict of Nursia
2322:. Vol. Book 2. pp. 51â101.
1801:from the original on 9 December 2019
1684:
1677:, Gregory A. Roettger, tr. (London:
1663:
1605:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1531:. Taylor & Francis. p. 70.
1528:Christian Spirituality: The Classics
1440:. Gracewing Publishing. p. 32.
1157:Saint Benedict and the cup of poison
268:Monte Cassino Abbey, with his burial
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
3333:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2396:in the catalogue Helveticat of the
2284:St. Benedictâs Rule for Monasteries
2111:"Earthquake Blog - Monks of Norcia"
2036:"Western Europe in the Middle Ages"
1853:from the original on 4 January 2009
1773:
1609:
1578:: Books for Libraries Press, 1971).
865:RomerĂa Regional de San Benito Abad
24:
2888:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2316:"Life and Miracles of St Benedict"
2299:. Translated by Boniface Verheyen.
2135:Bruton, F. B., & Lavanga, C.,
1992:"Saint Benedict", Franciscan Media
25:
3809:
3778:Founders of Christian monasteries
2213:
2073:from the original on 14 July 2010
1827:from the original on 28 June 2008
1731:, John J. Crawley & Co., Inc"
1692:Historiography in the Middle Ages
1654:Life and Miracles of St. Benedict
1632:from the original on 9 March 2021
1473:. Augsburg Fortress. p. 299.
1039:initials VRSNSMV which stand for
675:, Valentinianus, and Simplicius.
568:Benedict's main achievement, his
3695:
3683:
3014:Fourth Council of Constantinople
2969:Second Council of Constantinople
2361:
2292:, translated by Leonard J. Doyle
2220:
1943:from the original on 12 May 2011
1758:, Bunson, M., & Bunson, S.,
1737:from the original on 8 July 2019
1249:
1233:
1211:
1195:
1180:
1168:
1149:
157:
41:
3738:History of Catholic monasticism
2984:Third Council of Constantinople
2908:First Council of Constantinople
2304:
2297:"The Holy Rule of St. Benedict"
2153:
2129:
2103:
2085:
2054:
2028:
1955:
1929:
1909:
1896:
1885:
1876:
1813:
1787:
1749:
1694:(Boston: Brill, 2003), pp. 1â2.
1367:Saints and Their Symbols: Recog
1121:1,400 years after its writing.
993:Benedict depicted on a Jubilee
809:and Saint Benedict, painted by
686:, Book Two, then, an authentic
52:needs additional citations for
32:Saint Benedict (disambiguation)
3763:6th-century Italo-Roman people
3758:5th-century Italo-Roman people
3223:Dissolution of the monasteries
2489:History of the Catholic Church
2403:
1581:
1564:
1477:
1398:
1357:
1020:"Crux Sancti Patris Benedicti"
281:Sacro Speco, at Subiaco, Italy
13:
1:
3097:Fourth Council of the Lateran
3072:Second Council of the Lateran
2681:Apostles in the New Testament
2237:"The Order of Saint Benedict"
1318:
1222:
1126:earthquake of 30 October 2016
817:
762:
693:
626:Western Christian monasticism
590:
583:
3783:6th-century writers in Latin
3768:6th-century Christian saints
3211:Catholic Counter-Reformation
3077:Third Council of the Lateran
3067:First Council of the Lateran
2523:Catholic ecumenical councils
2017:, by St. Gregory the Great,
1675:Saint Benedict and His Times
1351:
1093:
1061:which is abbreviated on the
822:Benedict died of a fever at
655:, saying they are a kind of
631:
165:Benedetto Portinari Triptych
7:
3788:6th-century Italian writers
2360:(public domain audiobooks)
2354:Works by Benedict of Nursia
2336:Works by Benedict of Nursia
2327:Guéranger, Prosper (1880).
2261:
2064:on Wednesday, 9 April 2008
1265:
885:. Because on that date his
878:Martyrologium Hieronymianum
826:not long after his sister,
462:Schoolchildren and students
10:
3814:
2557:History of the Roman Curia
2411:"Saint Benedict of Norcia"
2390:: Canterbury Press, 2003).
2182:
1904:Libreria Editrice Vaticana
1795:"Saint Benedict of Norcia"
1727:""Saint Benedict, Abbot",
1525:Holder, Arthur G. (2009).
1131:
982:
959:
698:Benedict was the son of a
604:
454:People in religious orders
29:
3678:
3578:
3444:
3371:
3306:
3293:European wars of religion
3190:
3125:
3027:
2949:
2840:
2763:
2623:
2612:
2604:Eastern Catholic Churches
2479:
1487:The Little Book of Saints
1256:Benedict holding a bound
1012:"Crux Sacra Sit Mihi Lux"
842:of Europe, together with
510:monk. He is famed in the
361:
315:
285:
259:
238:
223:
203:
180:
175:
156:
143:
3753:Benedictine spirituality
3424:Mary of the Divine Heart
3047:Clash against the empire
2999:Second Council of Nicaea
2893:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2383:The Benedictine Handbook
2380:Marett-Crosby, A., ed.,
2097:16 November 2011 at the
2013:20 February 2023 at the
1821:"St. Benedict of Norcia"
1589:"The Autumn Number 1921"
1372:Come riconoscere i santi
1323:
1016:"Non-Draco Sit Mihi Dux"
3798:Abbots of Monte Cassino
3773:Medieval Italian saints
3690:Vatican City portal
3042:Investiture Controversy
2898:First Council of Nicaea
2142:8 November 2020 at the
2007:The Life of St Benedict
1902:"Calendarium Romanum" (
1711:Encyclopedia Britannica
1279:(St. Benedict's sister)
918:Eastern Orthodox Church
555:Order of Saint Benedict
516:Eastern Orthodox Church
307:Eastern Orthodox Church
229:Christian denominations
3702:Catholicism portal
3513:Second Vatican Council
3399:Our Lady of La Salette
3206:Protestant Reformation
3193:Protestant Reformation
3112:Second Council of Lyon
2501:Ecclesiastical history
2398:Swiss National Library
1596:The Ampleforth Journal
1492:Petit livre des saints
1464:Ramshaw, Gail (1983).
1105:
1066:
998:
962:Rule of Saint Benedict
955:Rule of Saint Benedict
902:General Roman Calendar
873:General Roman Calendar
814:
775:
769:
751:
737:Saint Benedict orders
571:Rule of Saint Benedict
536:patron saint of Europe
499:
491:
293:General Roman Calendar
272:Saint-BenoĂźt-sur-Loire
3409:First Vatican Council
3107:First Council of Lyon
2871:Constantine the Great
2567:Christian monasticism
1967:The Church of England
1916:Martyrologium Romanum
1624:Catholic Encyclopedia
1101:
1053:
992:
805:
735:
528:Old Catholic Churches
436:Inflammatory diseases
3586:Sexual abuse scandal
3495:Mit brennender Sorge
3338:Age of Enlightenment
3117:Bernard of Clairvaux
2994:Byzantine Iconoclasm
2933:Council of Chalcedon
2713:Council of Jerusalem
2582:Role in civilization
2562:Religious institutes
2494:By country or region
1572:Life of St. Benedict
1570:Carletti, Giuseppe,
1308:Saint Benedict Medal
1189:Saint Benedict Medal
1063:Saint Benedict Medal
995:Saint Benedict Medal
985:Saint Benedict Medal
979:Saint Benedict Medal
906:Natalis S. Benedicti
688:medieval hagiography
574:, contains a set of
549:in the mountains of
534:declared Benedict a
376:Agricultural workers
218:Eastern Roman Empire
76:"Benedict of Nursia"
61:improve this article
3414:Papal infallibility
3404:Our Lady of Lourdes
3353:Shimabara Rebellion
3197:Counter-Reformation
2275:on 25 January 2009.
2150:, October 31, 2016.
1870:, 31 December 1980
1847:"Egregiae Virtutis"
1823:. Catholic Online.
1671:Ildephonso Schuster
1204:Heiligenkreuz Abbey
966:Benedict wrote the
850:. On the island of
844:Cyril and Methodius
638:Pope Gregory I
500:Benedetto da Norcia
458:San Beda University
3743:Benedictine saints
3733:People from Norcia
3459:Our Lady of FĂĄtima
3248:Ignatius of Loyola
3172:Catherine of Siena
3140:Pope Boniface VIII
2959:Benedict of Nursia
2928:Council of Ephesus
2765:Ante-Nicene period
2718:Split with Judaism
2552:Crusading movement
2417:on 19 October 2021
2190:Gardner, Edmund G.
2117:on 4 November 2016
2062:St. Peter's Square
1768:Our Sunday Visitor
1658:Book II, Dialogues
1283:Benedict of Aniane
1106:
1067:
999:
936:calendar of saints
932:Anglican Communion
834:in 1964. In 1980,
815:
757:Romanus of Subiaco
752:
649:spiritual portrait
599:Rule of the Master
553:. The present-day
524:Anglican Communion
492:Benedictus Nursiae
484:Benedict of Nursia
439:Italian architects
301:Anglican Communion
151:Benedict of Nursia
3710:
3709:
3670:COVID-19 pandemic
3648:Pope Benedict XVI
3553:Pope John Paul II
3328:Pope Benedict XIV
3314:French Revolution
3298:Thirty Years' War
3288:Robert Bellarmine
3273:John of the Cross
3177:Pope Alexander VI
3162:Council of Vienne
3092:Francis of Assisi
3082:Pope Innocent III
2951:Early Middle Ages
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2883:Arian controversy
2836:
2835:
2784:Apostolic Fathers
2376:on 21 April 2014.
2340:Project Gutenberg
2312:Gregory the Great
2289:Project Gutenberg
1924:978-88-209-7210-3
1906:), pp. 97 and 119
1868:Pope John Paul II
1313:Vade retro satana
1288:Benedictine Order
1272:Anthony the Great
1081:Pope Benedict XIV
1058:Vade Retro Satana
1036:Vade Retro Satana
944:Church of England
925:Lutheran Churches
910:Roman Martyrology
836:Pope John Paul II
773:), but as a man (
748:Fra Filippo Lippi
741:to the rescue of
520:Lutheran Churches
481:
480:
297:Lutheran Churches
254:Pope Honorius III
224:Venerated in
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3805:
3700:
3699:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3665:Patriarch Kirill
3538:Pope John Paul I
3343:Anti-clericalism
3323:Pope Innocent XI
3243:Society of Jesus
3228:Council of Trent
3182:Age of Discovery
3127:Late Middle Ages
3029:High Middle Ages
3019:EastâWest Schism
2903:Pope Sylvester I
2849:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2748:General epistles
2743:Pauline epistles
2676:John the Baptist
2659:Great Commission
2621:
2620:
2572:Catholic culture
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2413:. Archived from
2377:
2372:. Archived from
2365:
2364:
2349:Internet Archive
2332:
2323:
2300:
2291:
2276:
2271:. Archived from
2257:
2244:
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2209:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2151:
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2122:
2113:. Archived from
2107:
2101:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2038:. Archived from
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2003:
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1770:, 2014), p. 125.
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1402:
1396:
1395:
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1388:
1361:
1345:
1334:
1258:bundle of sticks
1253:
1237:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1199:
1187:Both sides of a
1184:
1172:
1153:
1003:devotional medal
871:In the pre-1970
838:declared him co-
811:Spinello Aretino
778:
772:
607:
606:
595:
592:
588:
585:
508:Italian Catholic
426:Officers of arms
353:bundle of sticks
351:holding a bound
265:
210:
198:Kingdom of Italy
190:
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161:
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132:
125:
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3793:Anglican saints
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3706:
3694:
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3674:
3596:World Youth Day
3574:
3563:World Youth Day
3507:Pacem in terris
3501:Pope John XXIII
3440:
3367:
3358:Edict of Nantes
3316:
3312:
3302:
3268:Teresa of Ăvila
3263:Tridentine Mass
3199:
3195:
3186:
3167:Knights Templar
3121:
3023:
2979:Gregorian chant
2937:
2863:
2860:
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2832:
2759:
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2608:
2475:
2473:Catholic Church
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1026:(Peace) or the
987:
981:
964:
958:
948:Lesser Festival
820:
765:
696:
634:
593:
586:
530:. In 1964 Pope
512:Catholic Church
477:
382:Civil engineers
357:
329:"Pray and Work"
327:Book inscribed
310:
304:
279:
269:
260:
233:venerate saints
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3278:Peter Canisius
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3253:Francis Xavier
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2989:Saint Boniface
2986:
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2974:Pope Gregory I
2971:
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2910:
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2842:Late antiquity
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2789:Pope Clement I
2779:Church Fathers
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2192:, ed. (1911).
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2042:on 2 June 2008
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1963:"The Calendar"
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639:
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548:
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78: â
77:
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3657:
3653:Pope Francis
3579:21st century
3528:Pope Paul VI
3505:
3493:
3446:20th century
3433:
3384:Pope Pius IX
3372:19th century
3348:Pope Pius VI
3215:
3087:Latin Empire
3057:Universities
3009:Pope Leo III
2958:
2876:Christianity
2861:state church
2853:Great Church
2654:Resurrection
2617:(30â325/476)
2614:Early Church
2599:Latin Church
2594:Papal States
2589:Vatican City
2419:. Retrieved
2415:the original
2382:
2374:the original
2319:
2305:Publications
2282:
2273:the original
2240:
2194:
2169:. Retrieved
2155:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2115:the original
2105:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:the original
2030:
2019:Rockford, IL
2006:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1931:
1915:
1911:
1898:
1887:
1878:
1855:. Retrieved
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1789:
1759:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1728:
1710:
1691:
1686:
1674:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1634:. Retrieved
1623:
1595:
1583:
1576:Freeport, NY
1571:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1547:. Retrieved
1527:
1520:
1512:
1505:. Retrieved
1491:
1486:
1479:
1466:
1436:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1400:
1392:
1385:. Retrieved
1371:
1366:
1359:
1337:
1332:
1218:
1156:
1137:
1123:
1119:
1115:Roman empire
1110:Benedict XVI
1107:
1085:
1076:Metten Abbey
1068:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
971:
967:
965:
954:
950:on 11 July.
929:
922:
915:
905:
881:and that of
876:
870:
863:
832:Pope Paul VI
821:
793:
785:
766:
753:
739:Saint Maurus
736:
725:, is in the
716:
697:
683:
679:
677:
672:
665:
660:
656:
652:
646:
641:
635:
609:
597:
580:John Cassian
569:
567:
540:
503:
483:
482:
390:Dying people
386:Coppersmiths
270:
250:Papal States
214:Mons Casinus
207:21 March 547
169:Hans Memling
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3659:Laudato si'
3454:Pope Pius X
3283:Philip Neri
3258:Pope Pius V
3233:Thomas More
3102:Inquisition
3004:Charlemagne
2964:Monasticism
2774:Persecution
2666:Holy Spirit
2649:Crucifixion
2528:First seven
2404:Iconography
2171:27 November
2046:17 November
2025:, pp 60â62.
1741:11 February
1416:27 November
1342:B. Colgrave
1293:Camaldolese
1277:Scholastica
1226: 1250
1072:Natternberg
1028:Christogram
828:Scholastica
622:Christendom
614:Middle Ages
594: â435
474:Temptations
448:Nettle rash
409:Gall stones
209:(547-03-21)
191:2 March 480
117:August 2023
3728:547 deaths
3723:480 births
3717:Categories
3532:coronation
3238:Pope Leo X
2823:Tertullian
2753:Revelation
2728:Background
2121:2 November
1872:(in Latin)
1756:Bunson, M.
1507:26 October
1387:26 October
1319:References
1303:San Beneto
1242:Einsiedeln
1240:Statue in
1163:, Austria)
1161:Melk Abbey
940:remembered
887:liturgical
818:Veneration
779:) of God.
763:Later life
694:Early life
587: 360
471:Spelunkers
394:Erysipelas
317:Attributes
305:14 March (
87:newspapers
3548:Communism
3518:Ecumenism
2864:(380â451)
2856:(180â451)
2845:(313â476)
2767:(100â325)
2320:Dialogues
2023:TAN Books
1679:B. Herder
1352:Citations
1206:, Austria
1138:See also
1094:Influence
727:Simbruini
702:noble of
684:Dialogues
673:Dialogues
661:anthology
653:Dialogues
642:Dialogues
632:Biography
610:epieĂkeia
605:áŒÏÎčΔίÎșΔÎčα
506:, was an
363:Patronage
291:11 July (
240:Canonized
187:480-03-02
3558:HIV/AIDS
3052:Crusades
2806:Irenaeus
2799:Ignatius
2794:Polycarp
2644:Ministry
2632:(30â100)
2506:Timeline
2358:LibriVox
2262:The Rule
2254:Archived
2165:Archived
2148:NBC News
2140:Archived
2095:Archived
2077:4 August
2071:Archived
2011:Archived
1977:27 March
1971:Archived
1947:27 March
1941:Archived
1857:26 April
1851:Archived
1825:Archived
1805:15 March
1799:Archived
1735:Archived
1630:Archived
1600:Archived
1549:23 March
1543:Archived
1434:(1995).
1410:Archived
1266:See also
890:memorial
852:Tenerife
789:Vicovaro
680:historia
657:floretum
422:Heraldry
278:, France
3523:Judaism
2923:Vulgate
2733:Gospels
2708:Stephen
2625:Origins
2545:Vulgate
2481:General
2471:of the
2469:History
2421:25 July
2388:Norwich
2347:at the
2241:osb.org
2183:Sources
1831:31 July
1636:3 March
1132:Gallery
946:with a
942:in the
900:of the
860:romeria
781:Romanus
559:"order"
543:Subiaco
532:Paul VI
496:Italian
417:Germany
403:Farmers
342:Crosier
276:Orléans
274:, near
101:scholar
3489:Nazism
3311:to the
2918:Jerome
2828:Origen
2511:Papacy
2202:
1922:
1535:
1498:
1444:
1378:
1340:, tr.
1298:Hermit
896:, the
840:patron
807:Totila
723:Affile
719:Enfide
712:Umbria
708:Norcia
704:Nursia
526:, and
522:, the
518:, the
514:, the
413:Heerdt
399:Europe
379:Cavers
263:shrine
261:Major
244:1220,
231:which
194:Nursia
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3591:Islam
2859:Roman
2818:Canon
2691:Peter
2639:Jesus
1603:(PDF)
1592:(PDF)
1490:[
1471:(PDF)
1370:[
1324:Notes
1074:near
1031:"IHS"
1024:"PAX"
1001:This
856:Spain
746:, by
710:, in
700:Roman
669:Abbot
576:rules
488:Latin
445:Monks
406:Fever
348:Raven
287:Feast
167:, by
146:Saint
108:JSTOR
94:books
3641:2023
3636:2019
3631:2016
3626:2013
3621:2011
3616:2008
3611:2005
3606:2002
3601:2000
3568:1995
2738:Acts
2701:Paul
2696:John
2671:Mary
2423:2018
2200:ISBN
2173:2022
2123:2016
2079:2010
2048:2008
1979:2021
1949:2011
1920:ISBN
1859:2009
1833:2008
1807:2020
1743:2015
1669:See
1638:2014
1557:Rule
1551:2016
1533:ISBN
1509:2023
1496:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1418:2022
1389:2023
1376:ISBN
972:Rule
968:Rule
930:The
923:The
916:The
894:Lent
883:Bede
770:puer
659:(an
618:Rule
430:the
424:and
339:Bush
324:Bell
246:Rome
227:All
204:Died
181:Born
80:news
2627:and
2577:Art
2356:at
2338:at
2287:at
2067:"?"
1866:of
776:vir
252:by
63:by
3719::
2318:.
2314:.
2239:.
2163:.
2146:,
2069:.
2021::
1998:^
1969:.
1965:.
1939:.
1849:.
1797:.
1775:^
1766::
1733:.
1718:^
1699:^
1673:,
1646:^
1628:.
1611:^
1598:.
1594:.
1553:.
1541:.
1511:.
1456:^
1408:.
1391:.
1223:c.
1117:.
628:.
608:,
591:c.
589:â
584:c.
565:.
538:.
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2425:.
2386:(
2331:.
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2175:.
2125:.
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2050:.
1981:.
1951:.
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1861:.
1835:.
1809:.
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1656:(
1640:.
1574:(
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1159:(
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185:(
130:)
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