Shaktism - Knowledge

33: 5841: 11675: 5400: 5850: 6031: 7050: 12302: 5244: 6497: 4253:. I bend the bow for Rudra , that his arrow may strike, and slay the hater of devotion. I rouse and order battle for the people, I created Earth and Heaven and reside as their Inner Controller. On the world's summit I bring forth sky the Father: my home is in the waters, in the ocean as Mother. Thence I pervade all existing creatures, as their Inner Supreme Self, and manifest them with my body. I created all worlds at my will, without any higher being, and permeate and dwell within them. 4895: 5740: 13608: 13618: 13597: 81: 4401:

motivating force behind all action and existence in the material universe. Yet in Shaktism, states C. MacKenzie Brown, the cultural concepts of masculine and the feminine as they exist among practitioners of Shaktism are aspects of the divine, transcendent reality. In Hindu iconography, the cosmic dynamic of male-female or masculine-feminine interdependence and equivalence, is expressed in the half-Shakti, half-Shiva deity known as

4423: 5465: 12048: 13628: 3878: 503: 12040: 6927: 6900: 6909: 6684: 6657: 6882: 4414: 6873: 6864: 6855: 6846: 6837: 6828: 6819: 6810: 6801: 6792: 6783: 6774: 6765: 6756: 6747: 6738: 6729: 6720: 6711: 6702: 6675: 6648: 6639: 6621: 6612: 6603: 6594: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6558: 6549: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6513: 6504: 5215: 7035:, dated to the 6th to 7th century CE, show Buddhist Matrikas (mother goddesses of Shaktism) next to the Buddha. Other goddesses in these caves include Durga. The goddess iconography in these Buddhist caves is close, but not identical to the Hindu Shakta tradition. The "seven Goddess mothers" are found in other Buddhist caves and literature, such as their discussion in the Buddhist text 565: 6456:. In contrast, Gavin Flood states that Shaivism and Shaktism traditions are difficult to separate, as many Shaiva Hindus revere the goddess Shakti regularly. The denominations of Hinduism, states Julius Lipner, are unlike those found in major religions of the world, because Hindu denominations are fuzzy with individuals revering gods and goddesses 4590:, or the "Song of the Goddess". The goddess explains she is the Brahman that created the world, asserting the Advaita premise that spiritual liberation occurs when one fully comprehends the identity of one's soul and the Brahman. This knowledge, asserts the goddess, comes from detaching self from the world and meditating on one's own soul. 5934:, and formerly offered a sacrifice of a goat to a goddess revered as Kuldevi – a practice that continues in some places. The ritual requires slaying of the animal with a single stroke. In the past this ritual was considered a rite of passage into manhood and readiness as a warrior. The ritual is directed by a priest. The 6403:

There is no census data available on demographic history or trends for Shaktism or other traditions within Hinduism. Estimates vary on the relative number of adherents in Shaktism compared to other traditions of Hinduism. According to a 2010 estimate by Johnson and Grim, the Shaktism tradition is the

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The roots of Shakta Tantrism are unclear, probably ancient and independent of the Vedic tradition of Hinduism. The interaction between Vedic and Tantric traditions trace back to at least the sixth century, and the surge in Tantra tradition developments during the late medieval period, states Geoffrey

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I am the Queen, the gatherer-up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship. Thus Gods have established me in many places with many homes to enter and abide in. Through me alone all eat the food that feeds them, – each man who sees, breathes, hears the word outspoken. They know it

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The tantra practices are secretive, subject to speculations and criticism. Scholars variously attribute such criticism to ignorance, misunderstanding or sectarian bias on the part of some observers, as well as unscrupulous practices by some Shaktas. These are some of the reasons many Hindus question

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They are like fire and its power to burn: if one thinks of fire one must think of its power to burn. If one recognizes Kali one must also recognize Brahman; again, if one recognizes Brahman one must recognize Kali. Brahman and Its Power are identical. It is Brahman whom I address as Shakti or Kali.

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Kali is none other than Brahman. That which is called Brahman is really Kali. She is the Primal Energy. When that Energy remains inactive, I call It Brahman, and when It creates, preserves, or destroys, I call It Shakti or Kali. What you call Brahman I call Kali. Brahman and Kali are not different.

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I am Manifest Divinity, Unmanifest Divinity, and Transcendent Divinity. I am Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, as well as Saraswati, Lakshmi and Parvati. I am the Sun and I am the Stars, and I am also the Moon. I am all animals and birds, and I am the outcaste as well, and the thief. I am the low person of

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Shakti tradition practices animal sacrifice to revere goddesses such as Kali in many parts of India but particularly in the eastern and Himalayan states of India and Nepal. This is either an actual animal, or a vegetable or sweet dish substitute considered equivalent to the animal. In many cases,

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section, which was a late addition (100 to 300 CE) to the work. The archaeological and textual evidence implies, states Thomas Coburn, that the goddess had become as prominent as God in Hindu tradition by about the third or fourth century. The literature on Shakti theology grew in ancient India,

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into colonial mining and plantations operations in the Indian ocean and the Caribbean regions. These included a significant amount of Shakta devotees. While instances of Shakta animal sacrifice during Kali puja in the Caribbean islands were recorded between 1850s to 1920s, these were relatively

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She is "the loving mother who protects her children and whose fierceness guards them. She is outwardly frightening – with dark skin, pointed teeth, and a necklace of skulls – but inwardly beautiful. She can guarantee a good rebirth or great religious insight, and her worship is often communal –

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Shaktas conceive the goddess as the supreme, ultimate, eternal reality of all existence, or same as the Brahman concept of Hinduism. She is considered to be simultaneously the source of all creation, its embodiment and the energy that animates and governs it, and that into which everything will

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Shaktism encompasses a nearly endless variety of beliefs and practices – from animism to philosophical speculation of the highest order – that seek to access the Shakti (Divine Energy or Power) that is believed to be the Devi's nature and form. Its two largest and most visible schools are the

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Shaktism's focus on the Divine Female does not imply a rejection of the male. It rejects masculine-feminine, male-female, soul-body, transcendent-immanent dualism, considering nature as divine. Devi is considered to be the cosmos itself – she is the embodiment of energy, matter and soul, the

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Srividya largely views the goddess as "benign and beautiful " (in contrast to Kalikula's focus on "terrifying and horrifying " Goddess forms such as Kali or Durga). In Srikula practice, moreover, every aspect of the goddess – whether malignant or gentle – is identified with Lalita.

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Animal sacrifice of a buffalo or goat, particularly during smallpox epidemics, has been practiced in parts of South India. The sacrificed animal is dedicated to a goddess, and is probably related to the myth of goddess Kali in Andhra Pradesh, but in Karnataka, the typical goddess is

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She is mainly worshipped by students in schools and colleges in India. She was one of the significant deities of Vedic India, where she was worshipped in Gurukuls in ancient times. She embodies sound and voice itself. Vasant Panchami is primarily celebrated in February.

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This text, states C. Mackenzie Brown – a professor of Religion, is both a culmination of centuries of Indian ideas about the divine woman, as well as a foundation for the literature and spirituality focussed on the female transcendence in centuries that followed. The

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not, yet I reside in the essence of the Universe. Hear, one and all, the truth as I declare it. I, verily, myself announce and utter the word that Gods and men alike shall welcome. I make the man I love exceeding mighty, make him nourished, a sage, and one who knows

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ideas, wherein nonduality is emphasized, all dualities are declared as incorrect, and interconnected oneness of all living beings' souls with Brahman is held as the liberating knowledge. However, adds Tracy Pintchman – a professor of Religious Studies and Hinduism,

5258:, which is regarded as her subtle form. The Sri Chakra can be visually rendered either as a two-dimensional diagram (whether drawn temporarily as part of the worship ritual, or permanently engraved in metal) or in the three-dimensional, pyramidal form known as the 4468:, remarked thus; about being an actual Shakti worshipper: "Do you know who is the real "Shakti-worshipper"? It is he who knows that God is the omnipresent force in the universe and sees in women the manifestation of that Force." Shakta-universalist 5728:; the "Festival of Lights"), a major Hindu holiday celebrated across India and in Nepal as Tihar. In North India, Diwali marks the beginning of the traditional New Year, and is held on the night of the new moon in the Hindu month of 5270:

installed in South Indian temples, because – as modern practitioners assert – "there is no disputing that this is the highest form of Devi and that some of the practice can be done openly. But what you see in the temples is not the

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In Shakti mythology, Durga slays an evil buffalo demon (left, 18th century statue). Right: A buffalo about to be sacrificed by a villager during Durga puja festival. The buffalo sacrifice practice, however, is rare in contemporary

5732:(usually October or November). Shaktas (and many non-Shaktas) celebrate it as another Lakshmi Puja, placing small oil lamps outside their homes and praying for the goddess's blessings. Diwali coincides with the celebration of 5333:

norms." Many Samaya practitioners explicitly deny being either Shakta or Tantric, though scholars argues that their cult remains technically both. The Samaya-Kaula division marks "an old dispute within Hindu Tantrism".

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is celebrated on the last four days of the Navaratis, following Kali Puja. It is very similar to Durga Puja in its details and observance, and is especially popular in Bengal and some other parts of Eastern India.

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said in Devi Upanishad, verse 2, "I am essentially Brahman". According to V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar – a professor of Indian history, in Shaktism theology "Brahman is static Shakti and Shakti is dynamic Brahman."

6460:, with many Shaiva and Vaishnava adherents recognizing Sri (Lakshmi), Parvati, Saraswati and other aspects of the goddess Devi. Similarly, Shakta Hindus revere Shiva and goddesses such as Parvati (such as Durga, 4603:, is a condensed philosophical treatise. It presents the divine female as a powerful and compassionate creator, pervader and protector of the universe. She is presented in the opening chapter of the 5643:

While Hindus of all denominations celebrate the autumn Navratri festival, Shaktas also celebrate two additional Navratris – one in the spring and one in the summer. The spring festival is known as

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Some forms of the goddess are widely known in the Hindu world. The common goddesses of Shaktism, popular in the Hindu thought at least by about mid 1st-millennium CE, include Parvati, Durga, Kali,

4885:. Shaktas approach the Devi in many forms; however, they are all considered to be but diverse aspects of the one supreme goddess. The primary Devi form worshiped by a Shakta devotee is his or her 5865:

In Nepal, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam, animal sacrifices are performed at Shakti temples, particularly to mark the legend of goddess Durga slaying the buffalo demon. This involves slaying of a

10249: 5199:. Rooted in first-millennium. Srikula became a force in South India no later than the seventh century, and is today the prevalent form of Shaktism practiced in South Indian regions such as 10868: 7049: 5329:

finds its roots in the work of the 16th-century commentator Lakshmidhara, and is "fiercely puritanical attempts to reform Tantric practice in ways that bring it in line with high-caste

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The philosophical and devotional underpinning of all such ritual, however, remains a pervasive vision of the Devi as supreme, absolute divinity. As expressed by the 19th-century saint

5382:, Shamshan Kali (goddess of the cremation ground), Dakshina Kali, and Siddheshwari are worshipped in the region of Bengal to protect against disease and smallpox as well as ill omens. 6042:

Beyond tantra, the Shakta sub-traditions subscribe to various philosophies, are similar in some aspects and differ in others. These traditions compare with Vaishnavism, Shaivism and

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Shaktism is a goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism, involving many goddesses, all being regarded as various aspects, manifestations, or personifications of the same supreme goddess

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Shakta temples are found all over South Asia. Many towns, villages and geographic landmarks are named for various forms of the Devi. Major pilgrimage sites of Shaktism are called "

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smaller group with about 30 million or 3.2% of Hindus. Adherents of Shaktism are referred to as Shaktas. Large shakta communities are particularly found in eastern states, such as

5809:(Parvati) and Shiva. The festival is one where both the Vaishnava and Shaiva communities join the celebrations, because Vishnu gives away his sister Parvati in marriage to Shiva. 5058:) and oral instruction to supplement various written sources. There has been a historic debate between Shakta theologians on whether its tantric practices are Vedic or non-Vedic. 11064: 4891:, that is a personally selected Devi. The selection of this deity can depend on many factors such as family tradition, regional practice, guru lineage, and personal resonance. 7008:

spirituality who are attracted to Goddess worship", suggest Shaktism is a "symbol of wholeness and healing, associated especially with repressed female power and sexuality."

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Shaktas celebrate most major Hindu festivals, as well as a huge variety of local, temple- or deity-specific observances. A few of the more important events are listed below:

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tradition, from which it is derived. It is subdivided into four subcategories of texts based on the goddesses Kuleśvarī, Kubjikā, Kālī and Tripurasundarī respectively. The

5950:– a professor of Religions, History and Human Sciences, these ritual animal sacrifices, with some differences, mirrors goddess - related ritual animal sacrifice found in 5236:, is probably the most famous visual image in all of Hindu Tantric tradition. Its literature and practice is perhaps more systematic than that of any other Shakta sect. 4542:

is historically the most complete introduction to Shakta Tantrism, distilling into its 16 verses almost every important topic in Shakta Tantra tradition. Along with the

5396:). The tantric part generally stand "in opposition to the brahmanic tradition," which they view as "overly conservative and denying the experiential part of religion." 5971:

the relevance and historicity of Tantra to their tradition. The emphasis in Shaktism that love of the deity is more important than obedience shows an influence of the

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The central conception of Hindu philosophy is of the Absolute; that is the background of the universe. This Absolute Being, of whom we can predicate nothing, has Its

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Vasant Panchami is dedicated to Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of arts, skills, intelligence, knowledge, and wisdom. She is the consort of Lord Brahma, the creator.

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Shakti devotees consider animal sacrifice distasteful, and practice alternate means of expressing devotion while respecting the views of others in their tradition.

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or Ameti is a celebration of the menstruation of the goddess, by hundreds of thousands of devotees, in a festival held in June/July (during the monsoon season) at

7100:– the fierce warrior form of the Hindu goddess. According to Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh – a professor of Religious Studies, the stories about goddess Durga in the 11411: 11268: 10051: 5718:

is a part of Durga Puja celebrations by Shaktas, where Laksmi symbolizes the goddess of abundance and autumn harvest. Lakshmi's biggest festival, however, is

5885: 5636:(lit., the "Buffalo Demon"). Durga Puja also became the main religio-cultural celebration within the Bengal diaspora in the West (together with Kali and 4990:("Seven Mothers"), "who are the energies of different major Gods, and described as assisting the great Shakta Devi in her fight with demons", and the 64 7056: 6496: 5480:

devi is mainly worshipped as the goddess Bhavani. She is one of the important Hindu deities in Nepal. Two major centers of Shaktism in West Bengal are

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incorporates Tantric ideas giving the Devi a form and motherly character rather than the gender-neutral concept of Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta.

4345:– a professor of Religious Studies, but "it is surely the earliest in which the object of worship is conceptualized as goddess, with a capital G". 4297:(speech, wisdom), Sarasvati (as river), Prithivi (earth), Nirriti (annihilator), Shraddha (faith, confidence). Goddesses such as Uma appear in the 10258: 3997:

Shaktism involves a galaxy of goddesses, all being regarded as different aspects, manifestations, or personifications of the same supreme goddess

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among these Rajput communities is a warrior-pativrata guardian goddess, with local legends tracing reverence for her during Rajput-Muslim wars.

5314:, first appeared as a coherent ritual system in the 8th century in central India, and its most revered theorist is the 18th-century philosopher 11048: 9207:, p. 21, 202–207: "To the right of the main Buddha image, carved out of the wall of the sanctum, is an ensemble of seven female images". 10891: 11365: 11244: 11292: 10691:

Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity

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tradition) found in Nepal and Tibet and the Tantric Shakta tradition of Hinduism. Both movements cherish female deities. According to

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are reworkings of ancient Shakti mythologies. A significant part of this Sikh scripture is based on the teachings in the Shakta text

5655:(March/April). Srividya lineages dedicate this festival to Devi's form as the goddess Tripura Sundari. The summer festival is called 613: 4668:

describes the Devi (or goddess) as "universal, cosmic energy" resident within each individual. It thus weaves in the terminology of

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elements associated with the Tarapith tradition, including "conquest of the Goddess, exorcism, trance, and control of spirits."

2785: 1376: 32: 11148: 4064:. Shaktism emphasizes that intense love of the deity is more important than simple obedience, thus showing an influence of the 10931:

Urban, Hugh (1997). "Elitism and Esotericism: Strategies of Secrecy and Power in South Indian Tantra and French Freemasonry".

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Samuel, were a means to confront and cope with Islamic invasions and political instability in and after the 14th century CE.

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and J.N. Pal, dated the Baghor formation to between 9000 BC and 8000 BC. The origins of Shakti worship can also be traced to

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Among the earliest evidence of reverence for the female aspect of God in Hinduism is this passage in chapter 10.125 of the

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tradition as a Vedic attribute, however this link has been contested by scholars. Scriptures such as the Devi Mahatmya,

11562: 10755: 10641: 10581: 10453: 10089: 9962: 9765: 9540: 9339: 5632:, the last four days of Navaratri are called Durga Puja, and mark one episode in particular: Durga's iconic slaying of 4220: 3908: 12693: 4445:

The philosophical premise in many Shakta texts, states professor of Religious Studies June McDaniel, is syncretism of

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as another aspect of divine and the knower of ultimate knowledge (Brahman), such as in section 3 and 4 of the ancient

4112:/Parvati. An adherent of Shaktism is called Shakta. According to a 2010 estimate by Johnson and Grim, Shaktism is the 3541: 11419: 10964: 10543: 10316: 10029: 9943: 9862: 9601: 9521: 9444: 531: 13525: 11276: 10048: 7024:, "the confluence of Buddhism and Shaktism is such that Tantric Buddhism could properly be called Shakta Buddhism". 11011: 5840: 13513: 13044: 9316: 9303: 5893:

in its ear before killing it. The meat of the sacrificed animal is then cooked and eaten by the Shakta devotees.

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where the skull of Kali is believed to be worshipped along with her 25 forms. The kali ghat temple is located in

5230:, "one of Shakta Tantrism's most influential and theologically sophisticated movements." Its central symbol, the 2694: 1530: 5780:

Puja in Western India, to celebrate the arrival of Gauri, Mother of Ganesha where she brings her son back home.

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Sub-traditions of Shaktism include "Tantra", which refers to techniques, practices and ritual grammar involving

13631: 13342: 11674: 10146: 9991: 9425: 5600:(lit., "Festival of Nine Nights"), also known as "Sharad Navaratri" because it falls during the Hindu month of 4611:(literally, ruler of the universe). Thereafter, the text presents its theological and philosophical teachings. 650: 10203:. The Adyar Library and Research Center, Library Series. Vol. 89 (3rd. ed.). Chennai: Vasanta Press. 9995: 4385:

Shaktism views the Devi as the source, essence and substance of everything in creation. Its texts such as the

13471: 11196: 10435: 2123: 348: 5736:, popular in Bengal, and some Shakta traditions focus their worship on Devi as Parvati rather than Lakshmi. 5555:

than devotional, and they often involve sitting alone at the ground, surrounded by ash and bone. There are

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The Goddess Lives in Upstate New York: Breaking Convention and Making Home at a North American Hindu Temple

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is not the earliest literary fragment attesting to the existence of devotion to a goddess figure, states

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dreadful deeds, and the great person of excellent deeds. I am Female, I am Male in the form of Shiva.

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There has been a significant sharing of ideas, ritual grammar and concepts between Tantric Buddhism (

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The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Issues of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana

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uncommon when compared to other rituals such as temple prayers, community dancing and fire walking.

5399: 1286: 13376: 13034: 12958: 12664: 12446: 12421: 11663: 9897:(February 1980). "Rāma and Gilgamesh: the sacrifices of the water buffalo and the bull of heaven". 6983: 6978: 6030: 5675:, on the other hand, is considered particularly auspicious for devotees of the boar-headed Goddess 3972: 3396: 3389: 3368: 3077: 2967: 2939: 2669: 1564: 1351: 12196: 11300: 5805:

around April/May, one of the largest festivals in South India, celebrating the wedding of goddess

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texts are closely related to the Kuleśvarī texts and can be considered as part of the Kulamārga.

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McDermott, Rachel Fell (1998). "The Western Kali". In Hawley, John; Wulff, Donna Marie (eds.).

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Encountering the Goddess: A translation of the Devi-Mahatmya and a Study of Its Interpretation

9377: 7078:, ideas similar to Shaktism tradition are found, such as the Vidyadevis and the Shasanadevis. 5904:. In 2009 it was speculated that more than 250,000 animals were sacrificed during this event. 5849: 5461:(the Bengali name for Parvati) — all of them, again, considered aspects of the Divine Mother. 4195:

shrine for Shakti worship were discovered in the terminal upper paleolithic site of Baghor I (

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texts of Hinduism form an important scriptural framework in Shaktism. Scriptures such as the

3850: 3828: 3718: 3583: 3156: 2764: 2644: 2052: 2038: 1206: 524: 222: 17: 13039: 1201: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13461: 12938: 12431: 12416: 12068: 12015: 11880: 11865: 11620: 11228: 6020: 5798: 5622:– celebrates the goddess Durga's victory over a series of powerful demons described in the 5350:) form of Shaktism is most dominant in northeastern India, and is most widely prevalent in 4212: 4109: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3713: 3375: 2953: 2923: 2754: 2659: 2555: 2290: 2184: 10328:

Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals

4001:. It includes various modes of worship, ranging from those focused on the most worshipped 8: 13600: 13567: 13446: 13337: 13272: 13122: 12981: 12861: 12733: 12561: 12498: 12451: 11582: 9485: 4939: 4898:

A 9th-century Durga Shakti idol, victorious over demon Mahishasura, at the Shiva temple,

4858: 4186: 4030: 3868: 3761: 3597: 3128: 2990: 2734: 2624: 2609: 2515: 2455: 2420: 1905: 1817: 1436: 1095: 706: 608: 579: 90: 12250: 12110: 7166:ह्रीम् is pronounced as hrīm, it is a tantric mantra bīja, and it identifies a "Shakti". 5957:

In the 19th century through the early 20th century, Indian laborers were shipped by the

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The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography

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The map depicts location of Shakti Peethas in South Asia, major (blue) and minor (red).

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In Bengal, the animal sacrifice ritual follows the guidelines as seen in texts such as

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In Shakta theology, the female and male are interdependent realities, represented with

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The eternal and infinite consciousness is I, it is my greatness dwelling in everything.

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Auspicious Wisdom: The Texts and Traditions of Srividya Shakta Tantrism in South India

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The Sri Chakra, also known as the Shri Yantra, is a mystical diagram used in Shaktism.

4293:. The goddesses often mentioned in the Vedic layers of text include the Ushas (dawn), 4057: 13652: 13617: 13611: 13491: 13481: 13347: 13282: 12675: 12616: 12471: 12461: 11950: 11945: 11925: 11875: 11716: 11548: 10979: 10960: 10952: 10917: 10850: 10829: 10810: 10789: 10770: 10751: 10732: 10713: 10694: 10675: 10656: 10637: 10615: 10596: 10577: 10558: 10539: 10518: 10499: 10482: 10468: 10449: 10419: 10398: 10379: 10331: 10312: 10293: 10274: 10234: 10215: 10180: 10161: 10142: 10123: 10104: 10085: 10066: 10025: 10004: 9977: 9958: 9939: 9926: 9880: 9858: 9839: 9820: 9801: 9782: 9761: 9742: 9698: 9677: 9658: 9637: 9616: 9597: 9576: 9555: 9536: 9517: 9498: 9465: 9440: 9421: 9402: 9383: 9362: 9343: 9320: 7110: 7093: 5901: 4847: 4802: 4782: 4538: 4506: 4493: 4485: 4465: 4369: 4192: 4146: 3963: 3894: 3800: 3769: 3725: 3382: 3333: 3268: 3027: 3013: 2759: 2684: 2505: 2465: 2460: 2450: 2295: 1991: 1925: 1520: 1257: 548: 355: 215: 200: 64: 13082: 12132: 11497: 11156: 2365: 1777: 1064: 13352: 13262: 13153: 12753: 12748: 12713: 12688: 12574: 12531: 12218: 12078: 11744: 11476: 10940: 10864: 9906: 9721: 7028: 6691: 6437: 6260: 6070: 6043: 5874: 5773: 5493: 5286: 5222:, holding her traditional symbols, the sugarcane bow, flower arrows, noose and goad 4673: 4532: 4454: 4342: 4216: 3927: 3676: 3638: 3618: 3569: 3518: 3417: 3212: 3198: 3149: 3092: 2639: 2300: 2219: 1970: 1890: 1515: 941: 795: 692: 517: 312: 257: 12536: 5823:-like stone, and the site is one of Shakta Pitha or pilgrimage sites in Shaktism. 4273:

The Vedic literature reveres various goddesses, but far less frequently than Gods

3054: 13621: 13486: 13439: 13421: 13371: 13305: 13287: 13230: 13180: 12999: 12903: 12776: 12738: 12708: 12546: 12436: 12275: 12268: 12115: 11870: 11749: 10055: 10019: 9936:

Tantra, Yoga of Ecstasy: the Sadhaka's Guide to Kundalinin and the Left-Hand Path

9894: 9872: 9399:

The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary

7021: 6228: 5947: 5816: 5729: 5692: 5637: 4677: 4469: 4450: 4436: 4432: 4207:, India. The excavations, carried out under the guidance of noted archaeologists 4046: 3987: 3882: 3805: 3753: 3562: 3466: 3410: 3347: 3163: 3064: 2960: 2709: 2689: 2560: 2435: 2415: 2335: 2031: 2017: 1915: 1895: 1858: 1450: 1445: 1172: 1051: 1015: 960: 955: 782: 507: 461: 237: 148: 12201: 11480: 10593:

The Yoga of Spiritual Devotion: A Modern Translation of the Narada Bhakti Sutras

10158:

Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition

5124:

The Vidyāpīṭha is subdivided into Vāmatantras, Yāmalatantras, and Śaktitantras.

4113: 1579: 1331: 1032: 13456: 13392: 13235: 12579: 12456: 12426: 12261: 11940: 11930: 11116: 7294: 7175:

A senior member of Guru Mandali, Madurai, November 1984, cited in Brooks 1992.

6994: 6954: 6487: 6481: 5958: 5890: 5811: 5789: 5045: 5034: 4764: 4726: 4569: 4477: 4303: 4241: 4204: 4200: 4151: 3795: 3604: 3452: 3103: 2997: 2946: 2749: 2575: 2495: 2445: 2430: 2395: 2350: 2252: 2024: 1885: 1767: 1716: 1701: 1681: 1645: 1574: 1356: 1311: 1262: 1020: 645: 380: 272: 210: 205: 12125: 11003: 9652: 7257: 7064:– mother goddesses – are found in both Shakta-Hinduism and Vajrayana-Buddhism. 5612:. This festival – often taken together with the following tenth day, known as 1402: 1182: 1113: 628: 13646: 13572: 13476: 13255: 13029: 12767: 12658: 12569: 12503: 11920: 11910: 11860: 11852: 11812: 11807: 11754: 11251:. Overview Of World Religions. Philtar: University of Cumbria. Archived from 11104: 10944: 10415:

Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices

10120:

Call to Compassion: Reflections on Animal Advocacy from the World's Religions

6970: 5880:

school of Shaktism. This practice is rare among Hindus, outside this region.

5870: 5624: 5618: 5302: 5137: 5085: 4950: 4599: 4520: 4489: 4333: 4321: 4161: 4141: 4129: 3459: 3424: 3361: 3307: 3300: 3261: 3254: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3142: 3086: 2704: 2649: 2629: 2619: 2599: 2570: 2480: 2275: 2270: 2260: 2209: 2131: 2045: 1878: 1827: 1726: 1661: 1500: 1267: 721: 471: 370: 262: 242: 227: 193: 101: 11519: 10307:

McDermott, Rachel Fell (2005). "Bengali religions". In Lindsay Jones (ed.).

9758:

A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English

7917: 4894: 2440: 2204: 1412: 1407: 13127: 13092: 12989: 12606: 11842: 11764: 7123: 7088: 7032: 6279: 5715: 5664: 5315: 4997: 4962: 4735: 4629: 4557: 4282: 4208: 4196: 4166: 3431: 3340: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3219: 2877: 2699: 2535: 2530: 2490: 2400: 2390: 2360: 2330: 2265: 2169: 2091: 1822: 1787: 1711: 1686: 1615: 1465: 1316: 1108: 1103: 1002: 989: 984: 413: 360: 10197: 7866: 5133: 4061: 3977: 1640: 13434: 13267: 13195: 13185: 13097: 13087: 13062: 12703: 12698: 12589: 12383: 12367: 12310: 12245: 12181: 11902: 11802: 11784: 11774: 10824:

Saxena, N. B. (2012). Fulkerson, Mary McClintock; Briggs, Sheila (eds.).

10629: 9725: 6664: 6441: 6405: 6355: 6057: 5988: 5972: 5912: 5759: 5739: 5671:, with Vaishno Devi considered an aspect of Durga, celebrates Navaratri. 5633: 5563: 5351: 5162: 5009: 4978: 4970: 4954: 4081: 4065: 4050: 3991: 3502: 3226: 3119: 3049: 2862: 2816: 2777: 2679: 2520: 2510: 2375: 2244: 2234: 2103: 2098: 2001: 1900: 1792: 1782: 1752: 1721: 1630: 1397: 1211: 1134: 1126: 928: 697: 375: 176: 10496:

Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess

10465:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

9313:

The Secret of the Three Cities: An Introduction to Hindu Shakta Tantrism

8622: 6468:

and others) and Saraswati important in Shaiva and Vaishnava traditions.

13332: 13300: 13245: 13102: 12811: 12648: 12621: 12403: 12176: 11822: 11696: 11647: 11488: 11464: 10653:

Mahamudra and Related Instructions: Core Teachings of the Kagyu Schools

9918: 9817:

Advaita Vedanta and Vaisnavism: The Philosophy of Madhusudana Sarasvati

8124: 6457: 6452:

as well as lowest castes and tribes, while the lower middle castes are

6012: 5908: 5605: 5431: 5232: 5227: 5219: 5204: 5191: 4946: 4887: 4556:(commentary) in the second half of 2nd-millennium, such as the work of 4285:. Yet, they are declared equivalent aspects of the neutral Brahman, of 4174: 4105: 3548: 3509: 3473: 3354: 3293: 2900: 2892: 2803: 2580: 2355: 2310: 2164: 2154: 1920: 1868: 1797: 1706: 1635: 1625: 1620: 1392: 1167: 1144: 1139: 868: 668: 446: 320: 267: 36:

Shaktism is a goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. Relief statues of

7673: 7671: 5984: 5403:

Kali as the supreme deity worshiped by Indra, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva

4695: 4077: 13451: 13240: 13190: 13163: 13112: 13077: 13067: 13019: 12918: 12886: 12831: 12728: 12683: 12357: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11817: 11794: 11769: 11731: 11635: 11605: 9379:

The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion

8097: 7193: 7017: 6966: 6453: 6421: 6224: 5951: 5931: 5927: 5916: 5733: 5589: 5292: 5280: 5208: 5001: 4966: 4935: 4899: 4586: 4402: 4298: 4286: 4038: 4026: 3658: 3590: 3527: 3445: 3277: 2848: 2808: 2739: 2585: 2550: 2500: 2470: 2405: 2325: 2229: 2199: 2179: 1863: 1807: 1772: 1757: 1676: 1671: 1653: 979: 893: 824: 763: 456: 441: 408: 298: 163: 138: 11041:"Complete-Works/Volume 9/Lectures and Discourses/THE WOMEN OF INDIA" 10957:

Raja Nal and the Goddess: The North Indian Epic Dhola in Performance

10612:

A Conceptual-analytic Study of Classical Indian Philosophy of Morals

9361:. SUNY Series in Hindu Studies. State University of New York Press. 4319:

climaxing in one of the most important texts of Shaktism called the

1460: 13496: 13315: 13310: 13200: 13137: 13117: 12948: 12784: 12611: 12584: 12551: 12493: 12393: 12388: 12362: 12287: 12171: 12043: 11991: 11759: 11721: 11691: 11683: 11642: 11600: 11366:"Regaling Varahi with different 'alankarams' in 'Ashada Navaratri'" 9910: 8201: 8199: 7668: 7596: 7265: 7001: 6989: 6958: 6934: 6628: 6158: 6062: 5992: 5806: 5596: 5556: 5537:("Fierce Tara") is ascendant, as the goddess who gives liberation ( 5489: 5485: 5481: 5375: 5116:(17th century), as well as works of Bhaskaracharya (18th century). 5005: 4986: 4958: 4931: 4907: 4476:, believed that all Hindu goddesses are manifestations of the same 4378: 4236: 4159:

in particular, is considered in Shaktism to be as important as the

4085: 4034: 4022: 3730: 3286: 3112: 3069: 3036: 2887: 2882: 2855: 2565: 2545: 2475: 2425: 2305: 2194: 2110: 2081: 2076: 1945: 1935: 1832: 1812: 1736: 1731: 1696: 1366: 1346: 1306: 1272: 1252: 1232: 1118: 994: 729: 682: 556: 303: 153: 109: 53: 37: 12325: 11204: 10535:

Contemporary Society: Developmental issues, transition, and change

7929: 7644: 6372: 5566:, one of the most influential figures in modern Bengali Shaktism: 5464: 4422: 2793: 80: 13397: 13250: 13168: 13158: 12933: 12923: 12896: 12891: 12881: 12836: 12821: 12816: 12596: 12541: 12526: 12518: 12485: 12352: 12255: 12230: 12206: 12105: 12095: 11779: 11701: 11615: 11610: 9877:

Is the Goddess a Feminist?: the Politics of South Asian Goddesses

9633:

Graceful Women: Gender and Identity in an American Sikh Community

8865: 7129: 7075: 7060: 7005: 6916: 6445: 6425: 6340: 6284: 6256: 6024: 6016: 5980: 5873:. Animal sacrifice is also an essential component as part of the 5802: 5777: 5767: 5744: 5660: 5652: 5451: 5436: 5330: 4974: 4911: 4791: 4669: 4511: 4446: 4435:

icon. Left: A 5th century art work representing this idea at the

4290: 4250: 4073: 4042: 4006: 3663: 3653: 3403: 3324: 3316: 3133: 3059: 3044: 2841: 2540: 2485: 2224: 2174: 2144: 2139: 2011: 1986: 1873: 1505: 1384: 1361: 1336: 1247: 1237: 1046: 1010: 898: 883: 878: 814: 809: 773: 768: 755: 335: 158: 128: 49: 12191: 12047: 9514:

Hindu-Christian Dialogue: Theological Soundings and Perspectives

9246: 9098: 9096: 8961: 8778: 8574: 8196: 8160: 5218:

Sri Lalita-Tripurasundari enthroned with her left foot upon the

3699: 1550: 1545: 1371: 13429: 13407: 13220: 13173: 13132: 13014: 13004: 12943: 12851: 12794: 12789: 12643: 12330: 12166: 12152: 12137: 12037: 11996: 11711: 11625: 8586: 8485: 7878: 7842: 7560: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7097: 7096:, includes numerous sections on Shakta goddesses, particularly 6962: 6429: 6417: 6202: 6181: 6137: 6000: 5943: 5923: 5877: 5819:, Guwahati, Assam. Here the Devi is worshiped in the form of a 5720: 5710: 5676: 5629: 5441: 5413: 5392: 5379: 5371: 5363: 5255: 5200: 5054: 5028: 5022: 4992: 4882: 4561: 4553: 4481: 4124: 4093: 3998: 3668: 3482: 2798: 2525: 2410: 2315: 2285: 2280: 2214: 2189: 1978: 1848: 1691: 1666: 1605: 1490: 1485: 1475: 1417: 1341: 1301: 1296: 1227: 1152: 1087: 1072: 974: 918: 903: 849: 829: 742: 737: 574: 451: 423: 418: 123: 45: 11530: 11324: 9144: 8634: 8184: 7465: 6448:

and Central India. In West Bengal Shaktas belong to the upper

5457: 5318:, widely considered "the best exponent of Shakta philosophy." 4294: 4191:

The earliest archaeological evidence of what appears to be an

13325: 13320: 13024: 12994: 12928: 12908: 12846: 12826: 12799: 12638: 12340: 12240: 12186: 12142: 12120: 11652: 11630: 11180: 10976:

Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian Contexts

10784:

Skoog, Kim (1996). Andrew O. Fort; Patricia Y. Mumme (eds.).

9657:(Revised and Expanded ed.). Princeton University Press. 9210: 9093: 9081: 9069: 8889: 8562: 8473: 8449: 6461: 6449: 6433: 6413: 6409: 6380: 6368: 6232: 6004: 5976: 5752: 5668: 5547: 5504:. Where the goddess(kali) is seen as the destroyer of evil.: 5477: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5141: 5040: 4927: 4915: 4274: 4120: 4097: 4069: 4018: 4002: 3685: 3555: 3320: 2832: 2370: 2239: 2149: 1996: 1950: 1930: 1610: 1595: 1535: 1525: 1510: 1495: 1470: 1321: 1291: 1177: 1077: 908: 873: 844: 839: 834: 819: 747: 330: 183: 133: 11348: 10248:

Kenoyer, J.M.; Clark, J.D.; Pal, J.N.; Sharma, G.R. (1983).

9572:

The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths

8937: 8925: 8807: 8805: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8355: 8353: 8338: 8271: 8211: 8061: 8001: 7755: 7572: 7275: 5251:

Srikula adepts most often worship Lalita using the abstract

5214: 5176: 4413: 13366: 13295: 13277: 13225: 13009: 12953: 12913: 12873: 12856: 12841: 12806: 12235: 12147: 11739: 11657: 11592: 11540: 9437:

Devī Māhātmya, The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition

9270: 8997: 8877: 8699: 8326: 8148: 7907: 7905: 7854: 7772: 7770: 7731: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 6889: 6490:", literally "Seats of the Devi". These vary from 4 to 51. 6465: 6376: 5866: 5820: 5609: 5604:(October/November). This is the festival that worships the 5049: 4945:

The rarer forms of Devi found among tantric Shakta are the

4919: 4278: 4261: 4010: 3951: 2159: 1940: 1910: 1853: 1600: 1587: 1480: 1082: 923: 913: 888: 854: 804: 786: 466: 403: 398: 143: 118: 10177:

Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahavidyas

10139:

In Praise of the Goddess: The Devimahatmya and Its Meaning

9997:

The Mukhya Upanishads: Books of Hidden Wisdom, (1920–1931)

9057: 8949: 8610: 8172: 8037: 7977: 7965: 7806: 7608: 7441: 7381: 7306: 4173:. The goddess-focused tradition and festivals such as the 12039: 10439:(9th ed.). New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center. 10211:

Transformations and Transfer of Tantra in Asia and Beyond

9258: 8841: 8802: 8790: 8730: 8682: 8598: 8526: 8389: 8350: 7890: 7584: 7501: 5965: 5954:

epic and in texts of Egyptian, Minoan and Greek sources.

4484:

poems and songs were composed by two Bengal court poets,

3945: 3936: 10913:

The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A - L

9857:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 9654:

The camphor flame: popular Hinduism and society in India

9222: 9161: 9159: 8829: 8766: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8377: 8136: 8114: 8112: 7989: 7902: 7818: 7767: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7525: 7222: 7220: 6036:

Dr. Scudder's Tales for Little Readers About the Heathen

5284:

can be further broadly subdivided into two streams, the

5048:, typically practiced under the guidance of a qualified 12100: 9234: 9108: 8742: 8670: 8658: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8290: 8288: 8286: 8235: 8085: 8025: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7632: 7323: 7321: 4584:

presents the theology of Shaktism. This book is called

1027: 564: 10710:

Merging with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Metaphysics

10233:(third ed.). State University of New York Press. 9183: 8973: 8901: 8514: 8401: 8223: 8013: 7743: 5911:, Shakti devotees sacrifice male goats to the goddess 5386:

lineages focus upon the Devi as the source of wisdom (

10354:. Veerashaiva Samaja of North America. Archived from 10247: 9955:

The goddesses' henchmen gender in Indian hero worship

9533:

Philosophy of Religion : Indian Philosophy Vol 4

9156: 9120: 8913: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8646: 8550: 8497: 8461: 8437: 8413: 8365: 8109: 7712: 7683: 7656: 7620: 7345: 7237: 7235: 7217: 7199: 5195:) focuses worship on Devi in the form of the goddess 5008:

festival. Also worshipped regularly are the numerous

3948: 3939: 3933: 9171: 9132: 9009: 8853: 8817: 8300: 8283: 8259: 8247: 8073: 7830: 7789: 7477: 7453: 7357: 7318: 5995:. The goddess is considered the consort and energy ( 4331:

is considered in Shaktism to be as important as the

4088:. The goddess is considered the consort and energy ( 3994:

reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman.

3942: 12301: 11133:"Full text of "108 Upanishads English Translation"" 9615:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. 9033: 9021: 8754: 8049: 7953: 7941: 7333: 3954: 3930: 11465:"The Portrait of the Goddess in the Devī-māhātmya" 10892:"Goddess Durga: Origin, iconography and mythology" 9778:Tantric Traditions in Transmission and Translation 9734: 9464: 8711: 8425: 7266:"for Sanskrit original see: ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.१२५" 7232: 6333:Dvaita, qualified advaita, advaita, Visishtadvaita 5136:preserves some of the distinctive features of the 4363:— that is, the real personal God in India is She. 9972:Harper, Katherine Anne; Brown, Robert L. (2012). 8538: 7548: 7489: 5173:), which prevails in northern and eastern India. 4607:as the benign and beautiful world-mother, called 4504:The important scriptures of Shaktism include the 4310:Hymns to goddesses are in the ancient Hindu epic 13644: 10707: 9871: 9712:Frazier, J. (2013). "Bhakti in Hindu Cultures". 9458:. Vol. 27–28. Indian Musicological Society. 8985: 8592: 8205: 7513: 7429: 7417: 7405: 7393: 7205: 6034:"The Hindoo Goddess Kali", an illustration from 4568:, Kalika Purana, and Shakta Upanishads like the 11065:"Complete-Works/Volume 5/Epistles-First Series" 10899:International Journal of Applied Social Science 10193: 10117: 10099:Katznelson, Ira; Jones, Gareth Stedman (2010). 10098: 8871: 8491: 7566: 7369: 5407:The main deities of the Kalikula tradition are 4640:as the Goddess transcending all space and time, 4033:of ten goddesses. The most common forms of the 10515:The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition 9775:Gray, David B.; Overbey, Ryan Richard (2016). 9732: 9401:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 9200: 9198: 7884: 7848: 7132: – Trinity of chief goddesses in Hinduism 6428:with substantial communities also existing in 4688: 4461:(literally, the path of nondualistic Shakti). 12023: 11556: 11115:. Astrojyoti.com. 30 May 2022. Archived from 10532:Pfeffer, Georg; Behera, Deepak Kumar (1997). 10531: 10411: 10271:Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices 9531:Deutsche, Eliott (2000). Perrett, Roy (ed.). 9297: 9150: 9087: 8568: 8277: 8067: 7935: 7578: 7387: 7288: 6050:Comparison of Shaktism with other traditions 4472:, one of the most influential figures of the 4037:worshipped in Shaktism include: Durga, Kali, 3902: 525: 325: 10432: 10228: 10118:Kemmerer, Lisa; Nocella, Anthony J. (2011). 9933: 8955: 8332: 7923: 5640:Pujas, if a community enough big and rich). 5425:. Other goddesses that enjoy veneration are 5275:worship you see when it is done privately." 4560:, and Ramanand. These texts link the Shakti 11498:"The Indian Religion of the Goddess Shakti" 11469:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 11391:"Hindu sacrifice of 250,000 animals begins" 10842: 10712:(2nd ed.). Hawaii: Himalayan Academy. 10412:Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). 10017: 9971: 9893: 9774: 9456:Journal of the Indian Musicological Society 9276: 9216: 9195: 9003: 8628: 8318:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMcDanieln.d. ( 8103: 5337: 5000:; and the nine forms of goddess Durga, the 4922:. In the Eastern part of India, after the 4694:List of the Shakta Upanishads according to 12030: 12016: 11563: 11549: 11363: 11315: 10909: 10843:Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). 10708:Subramuniyaswami, Satguru Sivaya (2002) . 10688: 9375: 9204: 9114: 8640: 8407: 7824: 5751:, a Shakta temple at Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 5659:, as it is held during the Hindu month of 5108:(16th century), Krishananda Agamavagisa's 4996:. The eight forms of the goddess Lakshmi, 4636:within the flaming light of consciousness. 3909: 3895: 532: 518: 11442: 11412:"Ritual animal slaughter begins in Nepal" 11219: 11171: 10910:Taylor, Patrick; Case, Frederick (2013). 10863: 10764: 10552: 10512: 10493: 10481: 10344: 10325: 10306: 10287: 10079: 10061:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006). 10060: 9833: 9511: 9492: 9479: 9102: 9075: 8895: 8835: 8772: 8736: 8705: 8693: 8532: 8479: 8455: 8443: 8383: 8371: 8344: 8190: 8178: 8166: 8154: 8142: 8031: 8007: 7896: 7872: 7812: 7761: 7706: 7590: 7542: 7447: 7303:, pp. 207–208, 211–213 verses 14–28. 5679:, one of the seven Matrikas named in the 5177:Srikula: family of Lalita Tripura Sundari 5004:, which are mainly worshipped during the 4060:sub-traditions, including Vidyapitha and 11409: 11339: 10978:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 10826:The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology 10806:Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction 10669: 10571: 10489:. Mumbai: Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd. 10487:Devi the Mother-Goddess: An Introduction 10443: 10392: 10373: 9990: 9530: 9453: 9252: 9126: 8943: 8931: 8796: 8784: 8664: 8556: 8313: 7971: 7781:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrown1990 ( 7662: 7507: 7312: 7226: 6471: 6029: 5975:idea of passionate relationship between 5738: 5496:. In Calcutta, emphasis is on devotion ( 5463: 5398: 5242: 5213: 4893: 4642:One quickly merges with me by realizing, 4068:idea of passionate relationship between 31: 11495: 11462: 11243: 11147: 10726: 10650: 10590: 10309:Encyclopedia of Religion: 15 Volume Set 10174: 10155: 10049:Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations 10018:Johnson, Todd M; Grim, Brian J (2013). 9934:Hurley, Leigh; Hurley, Phillip (2012). 9836:Encyclopedia of Love in World Religions 9733:Foulston, Lynn; Abbott, Stuart (2009). 9720:(2). Oxford University Press: 101–113. 9711: 9629: 9549: 9462: 9264: 9240: 9138: 9015: 8883: 8859: 8847: 8823: 8676: 8419: 8359: 8055: 8043: 8019: 7983: 7947: 7300: 5651:, and celebrated in the Hindu month of 5112:and Raghunatna Tarkavagisa Bhattacarya 4984:Other major goddess groups include the 4439:; Right: a painting of Ardhanarishvara. 4177:are very popular in the eastern India. 2786:Sources and classification of scripture 14: 13645: 11291: 11195: 11001: 10997:. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld (P) Ltd. 10951: 10823: 10802: 10745: 10693:. State University of New York Press. 10628: 10609: 10517:. State University of New York Press. 10498:. State University of New York Press. 10433:Nikhilananda, Swami (trans.) (2000) . 10348:Lingayat Dharma (Veerashaiva Religion) 10268: 10101:Religion and the Political Imagination 10080:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James (2014). 9976:. State University of New York Press. 9952: 9852: 9760:. State University of New York Press. 9755: 9737:Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices 9650: 9480:Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1999) . 9434: 9420:. State University of New York Press. 9415: 9333: 9310: 9189: 9063: 9039: 9027: 8979: 8907: 8616: 8604: 8580: 8520: 8508: 8431: 8395: 8294: 8253: 8241: 8229: 8217: 8130: 8118: 8091: 8079: 7836: 7725: 7677: 7650: 7638: 7626: 7614: 7471: 7363: 7351: 7339: 7327: 6953:Some Shakta temples are also found in 6007:; they have their individual shaktis, 5966:Shaktism versus other Hindu traditions 5594:The most important Shakta festival is 5439:as well as regional goddesses such as 4654:, Transl: Lynn Foulston, Stuart Abbott 4622:My sacred syllable ह्रीम्] transcends, 4180: 4100:; they have their individual shaktis, 12011: 11544: 11410:Shrestha, Manesh (24 November 2009). 11017:from the original on 20 December 2023 10992: 10973: 10930: 10889: 10783: 10251:An upper paleolithic shrine in India? 9814: 9795: 9690: 9671: 9589: 9568: 9396: 9356: 9291: 9165: 9051: 8967: 8919: 8811: 8748: 8724: 8652: 8467: 8265: 7911: 7860: 7800: 7776: 7749: 7737: 7694: 7602: 7554: 7495: 7483: 7459: 7241: 7211: 7126: – Female Tibetan Buddhist deity 5529:At Tarapith, Devi's manifestation as 5015: 4644:the oneness of the soul and Brahman. 1413:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1408:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 11388: 11131: 11111: 11101:"Devi Upanishad – Vyasa Mahabharata" 11099: 11087: 11063: 10995:Ardhanārīśvara in Art and Literature 10890:Singh, Akhileshwar (10 April 2018). 10878:(24 & 25). Kyoto. Archived from 10767:Śaivism in Philosophical Perspective 10207: 10136: 10038:from the original on 9 December 2019 9957:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 9228: 9177: 8544: 7959: 7519: 7435: 7423: 7411: 7399: 7260:. Translated by Ralph T.H. Griffith. 6038:, by Dr. John Scudder (London, 1849) 5930:worship their weapons and horses on 5772:is performed on the fifth day after 5704: 5374:. The goddesses Kubjika, Kulesvari, 5044:and certain elements of traditional 4934:goddesses were combined to form the 4876: 4634:One should meditate on that reality, 4108:for Shiva, and consorts Lakshmi and 4025:goddesses were combined to form the 13627: 11267: 11039: 10846:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 10462: 10003:(reprint ed.). Kshetra Books. 9674:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 9610: 9552:Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Part 1 8991: 8760: 7995: 7375: 7157:, VII.33.13-15, cited in Brown 1991 6683: 6656: 5826: 5226:The Srikula's best-known school is 5073:of Lakshmanadesika (11th century), 4116:constituting about 3.2% of Hindus. 24: 11436: 11393:. London: Guardian. Archived from 11275:. 18 December 2012. Archived from 11153:www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary 10786:Living Liberation in Hindu Thought 9834:Greenberg, Yudit Kornberg (2008). 9798:Visnuism and Sivaism: A Comparison 9630:Elsberg, Constance Waeber (2003). 9340:State University of New York Press 7258:"The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 125" 7086:The secondary scripture of Sikhs, 6336:Dvaita, qualified advaita, advaita 5783:Major Shakta temple festivals are 5686: 4624:the distinction of name and named, 4496:was composed by Abhirami Bhattar. 4056:Shaktism also encompasses various 4049:. Also worshipped are the various 25: 13669: 11513: 11389:Lang, Olivia (24 November 2009). 11293:"History of Sakti Cult in Odisha" 11091:. 10 October 2016. Archived from 11089:"Devi Upanishad – Rishi Atharvan" 10731:. University of Wisconsin Press. 9651:Fuller, Christopher John (2004). 9636:. University of Tennessee Press. 9397:Brown, Cheever Mackenzie (1998). 8133:, pp. 60–61, 87–88, 351–356. 7875:, pp. 9, 34, 89–90, 131–138. 5987:. Similarly, Shaktism influenced 5900:occurs during the three-day-long 5509:especially at festivals, such as 4169:and is worshipped during various 4080:. Similarly, Shaktism influenced 13626: 13616: 13607: 13606: 13595: 12300: 12046: 12038: 11673: 11002:Zeidan, Adam (20 January 2024). 10916:. University of Illinois Press. 10376:Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls 10194:Krishna Warrier, A. J. (1999) . 9613:Religious Diversity in Singapore 9334:Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1992). 9311:Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1990). 9045: 7926:, pp. 30, 114–116, 233–245. 7048: 6926: 6925: 6907: 6899: 6898: 6880: 6872: 6871: 6863: 6862: 6854: 6853: 6845: 6844: 6836: 6835: 6827: 6826: 6818: 6817: 6809: 6808: 6800: 6799: 6791: 6790: 6782: 6781: 6773: 6772: 6764: 6763: 6755: 6754: 6746: 6745: 6737: 6736: 6728: 6727: 6719: 6718: 6710: 6709: 6701: 6700: 6682: 6674: 6673: 6655: 6647: 6646: 6638: 6637: 6620: 6619: 6611: 6610: 6602: 6601: 6593: 6592: 6584: 6583: 6575: 6574: 6566: 6565: 6557: 6556: 6548: 6547: 6539: 6538: 6530: 6529: 6521: 6520: 6512: 6511: 6503: 6502: 6495: 5848: 5839: 4949:, particularly Tripura Sundari, 4421: 4412: 3926: 3876: 563: 501: 79: 27:Goddess-centric sect of Hinduism 13596: 11452:Studies in Comparative Religion 11299:. 11 March 2018. Archived from 10729:Plants of Life, Plants of Death 10555:Introduction to World Religions 10553:Partridge, Christopher (2013). 10326:McDermott, Rachel Fell (2011). 10229:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2010). 9593:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide 9317:The University of Chicago Press 9304:Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers 7169: 7160: 7148: 6969:and elsewhere. Examples in the 6908: 6217:Recommends, recommends Optional 5449:, the protectress of children, 5262:. It is not uncommon to find a 13521:Relations with other religions 11364:Srinivasan, G. (4 July 2007). 10876:Journal of Indological Studies 10727:Simoons, Frederick J. (1998). 10538:. Concept Publishing Company. 10345:Munavalli, Somashekar (2007). 10103:. Cambridge University Press. 9697:. Cambridge University Press. 9512:Dhavamony, Mariasusai (2002). 9493:Dhavamony, Mariasusai (1999). 9298:Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1996) . 9285: 7605:, pp. 8, 17, 10, 21, 320. 7247: 7031:about 100 kilometers from the 4630:being, consciousness and bliss 4165:. The Devi is revered in many 651:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 13: 1: 11012:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 10576:. Columbia University Press. 10436:The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna 10418:(second ed.). ABC-CLIO. 10330:. Columbia University Press. 10141:. Berwick, ME: Nicolas-Hays. 9879:. New York University Press. 9875:; Erndl, Kathleen M. (2000). 9300:History of the Sakta Religion 7680:, pp. xiii–xiv, xvi, 21. 7182: 6398: 6089:Vedas, Upanishads and Tantras 5521:, prayer before her image or 5119: 5078: 4870:At least 10,000 Years Before 4852:At least 10,000 Years Before 4814:At least 10,000 Years Before 4796:At least 10,000 Years Before 4776:At least 10,000 Years Before 4758:At least 10,000 Years Before 4740:At least 10,000 Years Before 4510:, as well as Shakta-oriented 4499: 3707:Other society-related topics: 1403:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 11570: 11536:Women in Hindu Shakta Tantra 10974:White, David Gordon (2003). 10959:. Indiana University Press. 10689:Rigopoulos, Antonio (1998). 10651:Roberts, Peter Alan (2011). 10636:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 10574:Classical Indian Metaphysics 10572:Phillips, Stephen H (1995). 9714:The Journal of Hindu Studies 9463:Dempsey, Corinne G. (2006). 9357:Brown, C. MacKenzie (1991). 8631:, pp. 187–195, 211–214. 8593:Hiltebeitel & Erndl 2000 7187: 6881: 5583: 5575: 5455:, the smallpox goddess, and 5127: 5012:across the Indian villages. 4924:decline of Buddhism in India 4676:. The text is suffused with 4575: 4053:across the Indian villages. 4015:decline of Buddhism in India 3818:Hinduism and other religions 2615:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 7: 11961:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad 11502:Journal of the Siam Society 11069:ramakrishnavivekananda.info 11045:ramakrishnavivekananda.info 11033: 10849:. Oxford University Press. 10828:. Oxford University Press. 10809:. Oxford University Press. 10674:. Oxford University Press. 10448:. Oxford University Press. 10393:Monaghan, Patricia (2011). 10378:. Oxford University Press. 10273:(2nd ed.). Routledge. 10198: 9781:. Oxford University Press. 9694:An Introduction to Hinduism 9302:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: 8872:Kemmerer & Nocella 2011 8492:Katznelson & Jones 2010 7653:, p. 221 with note 64. 7117: 7011: 6321:5. Negative/cognitive proof 5896:In Nepal, animal sacrifice 4869: 4856: 4851: 4839:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad 4836: 4831: 4818: 4813: 4800: 4795: 4780: 4775: 4762: 4757: 4744: 4739: 4724: 4717: 4712: 4702: 4689:List of 8 Shakta Upanishads 4492:, and the Tamil collection 4348: 4266:Rigveda 10.125.3 – 10.125.8 3978: 3563:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3535:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1268:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 1212:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 1207:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 13674: 11956:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad 10444:Olivelle, Patrick (1992). 10395:Goddesses in World Culture 10269:Lipner, Julius J. (2009). 9435:Coburn, Thomas B. (2002). 9416:Coburn, Thomas B. (1991). 8970:, pp. 63–84, 236–239. 8106:, pp. 48, 117, 40–53. 7885:Foulston & Abbott 2009 7849:Foulston & Abbott 2009 7081: 7069: 6475: 6388:Jivanmukta, Advaita, Yoga, 6363:champions householder life 6319:4. Postulation, derivation 5708: 5690: 5587: 5525:, and giving offerings." 5147: 4866: 4846: 4828: 4821:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad 4810: 4790: 4772: 4754: 4734: 4707: 4572:are particularly revered. 4480:. The 18th-century Shakta 4184: 3439:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 2124:Gurus, sants, philosophers 2060:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 1248:Uparati (self-settledness) 13593: 13420: 13385: 13211: 13146: 13053: 12980: 12973: 12872: 12775: 12766: 12674: 12560: 12517: 12484: 12402: 12376: 12348: 12339: 12318: 12309: 12298: 12217: 12086: 12077: 12056: 11987: 11971: 11901: 11851: 11793: 11730: 11682: 11671: 11591: 11578: 11481:10.1093/jaarel/XLVI.4.489 10746:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). 10672:Debating the Dasam Granth 10610:Prasad, Rajendra (2008). 10513:Pintchman, Tracy (2015). 10494:Pintchman, Tracy (2014). 10024:. John Wiley & Sons. 9938:. Maithuna Publications. 9855:Religion and Rajput Women 9741:. Sussex Academic Press. 9676:. John Wiley & Sons. 9151:Melton & Baumann 2010 8583:, pp. 45, 55, 58–59. 8569:Pfeffer & Behera 1997 7936:Melton & Baumann 2010 7289:Melton & Baumann 2010 6317:3. Comparison and analogy 4229:Indus Valley civilization 3967: 2605:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 1263:Samadhana (concentration) 1127:Three paths to liberation 634:Tribal religions in India 619:Historical Vedic religion 614:Indus Valley Civilisation 366:Krishnananda Agamavagisha 12665:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 11443:Chatterji, Usha (1968). 10945:10.1163/1568527972629894 10670:Rinehart, Robin (2011). 10290:Devi: Goddesses of India 10137:Kali, Davadatta (2003). 10082:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 10063:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 9953:Harlan, Lindsey (2003). 9853:Harlan, Lindsey (1992). 9815:Gupta, Sanjukta (2013). 9756:Grimes, John A. (1996). 9691:Flood, Gavin D. (1996). 9376:Brancaccio, Pia (2010). 8956:Hurley & Hurley 2012 7474:, pp. 134–138, 140. 7141: 6984:Sri Rajarajeswari Peetam 6979:Laguna Beach, California 6015:for Shiva, and consorts 5545:performed here are more 5338:Kalikula: family of Kali 4638:Fixing the mind upon me, 4617:The soul and the Goddess 4580:The seventh book of the 4552:has attracted scholarly 4221:University of California 4114:third largest Hindu sect 1439:, sacrifice, and charity 331:Trika (Kashmir Shaivism) 12744:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 11936:Tripuratapini Upanishad 11525:Encyclopædia Britannica 11463:Kinsley, David (1978). 10803:Sharma, Arvind (2000). 10769:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10750:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10374:McDaniel, June (2004). 10292:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10179:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10175:Kinsley, David (1998). 10160:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10156:Kinsley, David (1987). 10084:. Infobase Publishing. 10065:. Infobase Publishing. 10054:20 October 2013 at the 9800:. Bloomsbury Academic. 9554:. Motilal Banarsidass. 9473:Oxford University Press 9277:Singh & Fenech 2014 9255:, pp. 71, 107–110. 9217:Gray & Overbey 2016 9004:Johnson & Grim 2013 8169:, pp. 4–5, 11, 57. 8104:Harper & Brown 2012 6390:champions monastic life 5445:, the snake goddesses, 4747:Tripuratapini Upanishad 4549:Tripuratapini Upanishad 3612:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2825:Timeline of Hindu texts 2730:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1763:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1418:Śabda (word, testimony) 656:Epic-Puranic chronology 624:Dravidian folk religion 12719:Eighteen Greater Texts 11496:Koester, Hans (1929). 11297:www.historyofodisha.in 11221:"Kali Pooja in Bengal" 10869:"The Śaiva Literature" 10765:Sivaraman, K. (1973). 10655:. Simon and Schuster. 10591:Prakash, Prem (1998). 10463:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 10446:The Samnyasa Upanisads 9590:Dalal, Roshen (2014). 9569:Dalal, Roshen (2010). 9550:Deussen, Paul (1980). 8787:, p. 332 note 68. 8641:Taylor & Case 2013 7863:, pp. 1–3, 12–17. 7740:, pp. 1–2, 85–98. 7155:Srimad Devi Bhagavatam 6478:List of Shakti Temples 6266:Brahman (Shiva), Atman 6039: 5907:In Odisha, during the 5755: 5749:Meenakshi Amman Temple 5573: 5527: 5473: 5404: 5248: 5223: 5197:Lalita-Tripura Sundari 5100:and Purnananda Giri's 5052:after due initiation ( 4910:, Lakshmi, Saraswati, 4903: 4647: 4628:It is whole, infinite 4582:Srimad Devi-Bhagavatam 4512:Upa Puranic literature 4474:Hindu reform movements 4398: 4365: 4314:, particularly in the 4271: 3577:Eighteen Greater Texts 3206:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2635:Krishnananda Saraswati 1879:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1393:Pratyakṣa (perception) 1253:Titiksha (forbearance) 57: 13472:Hindu gurus and sants 12724:Eighteen Lesser Texts 11916:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 10993:Yadav, Neeta (2001). 10214:. Walter de Gruyter. 10208:Keul, István (2012). 9672:Flood, Gavin (2008). 8694:Jones & Ryan 2006 8456:Jones & Ryan 2006 8220:, p. back cover. 8206:Subramuniyaswami 2002 8193:, pp. 59–60, 68. 7998:, pp. 1101–1102. 7938:, pp. 2600–2602. 7707:Jones & Ryan 2014 6476:Further information: 6472:Temples and influence 6323:6. Reliable testimony 6310:3. Reliable testimony 6301:3. Reliable testimony 6294:3. Reliable testimony 6269:Brahman (Devi), Atman 6033: 5742: 5568: 5533:("She Who Saves") or 5506: 5467: 5402: 5246: 5217: 5092:, Brahmananda Giri's 4897: 4626:beyond all dualities. 4614: 4566:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 4393: 4388:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 4377:ultimately dissolve. 4353: 4246: 4225:Jonathan Mark Kenoyer 4136:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 3693:Varna-related topics: 3584:Eighteen Lesser Texts 3157:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2053:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 2039:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1971:Philosophical schools 1273:Ahamkara (attachment) 1233:Vairagya (dispassion) 1161:Mokṣa-related topics: 436:Festivals and temples 40:: from left to right 35: 13462:Anti-Hindu sentiment 11119:on 24 September 2023 10748:Tantric Revisionings 10595:. Inner Traditions. 10264:on 11 November 2023. 10231:A Survey of Hinduism 9899:History of Religions 9611:Eng, Lai Ah (2008). 9454:Dasgupta, S (1996). 9439:. South Asia Books. 7617:, pp. xiii–xiv. 7567:Krishna Warrier 1999 7041:Vairocanabhisambodhi 7004:and participants in 6945:class=notpageimage| 6385:Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga 6211:Recommends, Optional 6092:Vedas and Upanishads 6086:Vedas and Upanishads 6083:Vedas and Upanishads 6080:Scriptural authority 6058:Vaishnava Traditions 5799:Chithirai Thiruvizha 5500:) to the goddess as 5094:Saktananda Tarangini 5088:, Sarvanandanatha's 4859:Bahvricha Upanishad 4657:Devibhagavata Purana 4213:Allahabad University 3825:Hinduism and Jainism 2755:Vethathiri Maharishi 2660:Nisargadatta Maharaj 1228:Viveka (discernment) 603:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 177:Scriptures and texts 13658:Hindu denominations 13568:Hinduism by country 12734:Iraiyanar Akapporul 12694:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 11972:Regional variations 11445:"Shakta and Shakti" 11376:on 14 November 2007 11351:on 25 December 2023 11273:www.pewresearch.org 11107:on 28 October 2023. 9974:The Roots of Tantra 9796:Gonda, Jan (1970). 9497:. Gregorian Press. 9486:Motilal Banarsidass 9231:, pp. 119–123. 9105:, pp. 281–305. 9078:, pp. 110–114. 9066:, pp. 371–375. 8946:, pp. 177–225. 8934:, pp. 245–248. 8898:, pp. 336–340. 8886:, pp. 182–183. 8814:, pp. 162–167. 8643:, pp. 285–288. 8619:, pp. 107–108. 8482:, pp. 204–205. 8458:, pp. 112–113. 8398:, pp. 103–104. 8347:, pp. 103–109. 8046:, pp. 161–165. 8010:, pp. 254–256. 7986:, pp. 102–104. 7914:, pp. 174–176. 7779:, pp. 179–198. 7764:, pp. 131–138. 7315:, pp. 229–232. 7200:Kenoyer et al. 1983 6051: 5207:and Tamil areas of 5082: 15th century 5071:Saradatilaka Tantra 4699: 4187:History of Shaktism 4181:Origins and history 3883:Hinduism portal 3762:Hinduism by country 3598:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3542:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2625:Dayananda Saraswati 2610:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2516:Sripada Srivallabha 2456:Raghunatha Siromani 2421:Narasimha Saraswati 1398:Anumāṇa (inference) 508:Hinduism portal 484:Regional variations 11979:Caribbean Shaktism 11422:on 24 October 2023 11397:on 31 January 2024 11321:www.kalimandir.org 11255:on 24 October 2023 11231:on 9 November 2023 11225:Diwalifestival.org 11201:Diwalifestival.org 11159:on 3 November 2023 11075:on 24 October 2023 11051:on 24 October 2023 11008:www.britannica.com 10953:Wadley, Susan Snow 10557:. Fortress Press. 10483:Pattanaik, Devdutt 9726:10.1093/jhs/hit028 9495:Hindu Spirituality 9382:. Brill Academic. 9292:Books and Journals 9088:Bhattacharyya 1996 8607:, pp. 61, 88. 8362:, pp. 95–115. 8278:Bhattacharyya 1996 8157:, pp. 35, 37. 8068:Bhattacharyya 1996 7974:, pp. 26, 94. 7579:Bhattacharyya 1996 7388:Bhattacharyya 1996 7136:Caribbean Shaktism 6361:Videhamukti, Yoga, 6049: 6040: 5886:Mahanirvana Tantra 5795:Meenakshi Kalyanam 5785:Meenakshi Kalyanam 5756: 5474: 5429:and all the other 5405: 5390:) and liberation ( 5296:practice) and the 5249: 5224: 5106:Sritattvacintamani 5016:Tantric traditions 4942:of ten goddesses. 4904: 4719:Period of creation 4693: 4527:Lalita Sahasranama 4240:, also called the 3984:Hindu denomination 3777:Caribbean Shaktism 3496:Kanakadhara Stotra 2745:U. G. Krishnamurti 2725:Satyadhyana Tirtha 2321:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1979:Six Astika schools 1223:Ānanda (happiness) 1202:Anātman (non-self) 490:Caribbean Shaktism 233:Lalita Sahasranama 58: 13640: 13639: 13416: 13415: 12969: 12968: 12762: 12761: 12676:Sangam literature 12632:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 12480: 12479: 12296: 12295: 12005: 12004: 11951:Bhavana Upanishad 11946:Tripura Upanishad 11926:Shakta Upanishads 11249:www.philtar.ac.uk 11135:. 14 January 2022 10985:978-0-226-89483-6 10923:978-0-252-09433-0 10865:Sanderson, Alexis 10856:978-0-19-969930-8 10835:978-0-19-927388-1 10816:978-0-19-564441-8 10795:978-0-7914-2706-4 10776:978-81-208-1771-5 10738:978-0-299-15904-7 10719:978-0-945497-99-8 10700:978-0-7914-3696-7 10681:978-0-19-984247-6 10662:978-0-86171-444-5 10621:978-81-8069-544-5 10602:978-0-89281-664-4 10564:978-0-8006-9970-3 10524:978-1-4384-1618-2 10505:978-0-7914-9049-5 10474:978-1-57607-770-2 10425:978-1-59884-204-3 10404:978-0-313-35465-6 10385:978-0-19-534713-5 10337:978-0-231-12919-0 10299:978-81-208-1491-2 10280:978-0-415-45677-7 10240:978-0-7914-8011-3 10221:978-3-11-025811-0 10186:978-81-208-1523-0 10167:978-81-208-0394-7 10129:978-1-59056-281-9 10110:978-1-139-49317-8 10072:978-0-8160-7564-5 10010:978-1-4959-4653-0 9992:Johnston, Charles 9983:978-0-7914-8890-4 9886:978-0-8147-3619-7 9845:978-1-85109-980-1 9826:978-1-134-15774-7 9807:978-1-4742-8080-8 9788:978-0-19-990952-0 9748:978-1-902210-43-8 9704:978-0-521-43878-0 9683:978-0-470-99868-7 9664:978-0-691-12048-5 9643:978-1-57233-214-0 9622:978-981-230-754-5 9582:978-0-14-341517-6 9575:. Penguin Books. 9561:978-81-208-1468-4 9504:978-88-7652-818-7 9408:978-0-7914-3939-5 9389:978-90-04-18525-8 9368:978-0-7914-0364-8 9349:978-0-7914-1146-9 9326:978-0-226-07569-3 9267:, pp. 37–38. 9219:, pp. 47–48. 8874:, pp. 27–36. 8850:, pp. 56–57. 8751:, pp. 65–71. 8708:, pp. 32–34. 8333:Nikhilananda 2000 8244:, pp. 59–60. 8181:, pp. 57–65. 8094:, pp. 47–72. 7924:Klostermaier 2010 7887:, pp. 15–16. 7851:, pp. 74–75. 7815:, pp. 26–28. 7752:, pp. 12–17. 7641:, pp. 37–38. 7510:, pp. 89–91. 7450:, pp. 77–78. 7202:, pp. 88–94. 7111:Markandeya Purana 7094:Guru Gobind Singh 7037:Manjusrimulakalpa 6396: 6395: 6205:and Vegetarianism 6130:Brahman principle 6071:Smarta Traditions 6067:Shakta Traditions 6063:Shaiva Traditions 5915:in her temple in 5902:Gadhimai festival 5797:is a part of the 5705:Diwali and others 5663:(June/July). The 5645:Vasanta Navaratri 5541:). The forms of 5114:Agamatattvavilasa 5090:Sarvolassa Tantra 4877:Principal deities 4874: 4873: 4848:Krishna Yajurveda 4803:Bhavana Upanishad 4783:Tripura Upanishad 4544:Tripura Upanishad 4539:Tripura Upanishad 4507:Shakta Upanishads 4494:Abhirami Anthadhi 4486:Bharatchandra Ray 4466:Swami Vivekananda 4459:Shaktadavaitavada 4370:Swami Vivekananda 4193:Upper Paleolithic 4155:are revered. The 4147:Shakta Upanishads 4009:, and the fierce 3976: 3919: 3918: 3770:Balinese Hinduism 3269:Markandeya Purana 2506:Satyanatha Tirtha 2461:Raghuttama Tirtha 2451:Raghavendra Swami 2296:Ramdas Kathiababa 1377:Sources of dharma 1243:Dama (temperance) 1238:Sama (equanimity) 604: 542: 541: 356:Bharatchandra Ray 201:Shakta Upanishads 16:(Redirected from 13665: 13630: 13629: 13620: 13610: 13609: 13599: 13598: 13509:Pilgrimage sites 13263:Ganesh Chaturthi 12978: 12977: 12773: 12772: 12754:Vedarthasamgraha 12749:Vinayagar Agaval 12714:Five Great Epics 12689:Divya Prabandham 12602:Minor Upanishads 12346: 12345: 12316: 12315: 12304: 12303: 12084: 12083: 12050: 12042: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12009: 12008: 11677: 11565: 11558: 11551: 11542: 11541: 11531:Śākta Traditions 11509: 11492: 11459: 11449: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11418:. Archived from 11406: 11404: 11402: 11385: 11383: 11381: 11372:. Archived from 11360: 11358: 11356: 11347:. Archived from 11345:www.srividya.org 11336: 11334: 11332: 11323:. Archived from 11312: 11310: 11308: 11303:on 7 August 2023 11288: 11286: 11284: 11279:on 17 April 2024 11264: 11262: 11260: 11240: 11238: 11236: 11227:. Archived from 11216: 11214: 11212: 11207:on 19 April 2024 11203:. Archived from 11192: 11190: 11188: 11183:on 27 March 2024 11179:. Archived from 11168: 11166: 11164: 11155:. Archived from 11144: 11142: 11140: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11113:"Devi Upanishad" 11108: 11103:. Archived from 11096: 11095:on 20 June 2023. 11084: 11082: 11080: 11071:. Archived from 11060: 11058: 11056: 11047:. Archived from 11026: 11024: 11022: 10998: 10989: 10970: 10948: 10927: 10906: 10896: 10886: 10885:on 4 March 2016. 10884: 10873: 10860: 10839: 10820: 10799: 10780: 10761: 10742: 10723: 10704: 10685: 10666: 10647: 10625: 10606: 10587: 10568: 10549: 10528: 10509: 10490: 10478: 10459: 10440: 10429: 10408: 10389: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10360: 10353: 10341: 10322: 10303: 10284: 10265: 10263: 10257:. Archived from 10256: 10244: 10225: 10204: 10201: 10190: 10171: 10152: 10133: 10114: 10095: 10076: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10014: 10002: 9987: 9968: 9949: 9930: 9895:Hiltebeitel, Alf 9890: 9873:Hiltebeitel, Alf 9868: 9849: 9830: 9811: 9792: 9771: 9752: 9740: 9729: 9708: 9687: 9668: 9647: 9626: 9607: 9586: 9565: 9546: 9527: 9508: 9489: 9476: 9470: 9459: 9450: 9431: 9412: 9393: 9372: 9353: 9330: 9307: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9226: 9220: 9214: 9208: 9202: 9193: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9124: 9118: 9112: 9106: 9100: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9067: 9061: 9055: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8983: 8977: 8971: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8947: 8941: 8935: 8929: 8923: 8917: 8911: 8905: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8875: 8869: 8863: 8857: 8851: 8845: 8839: 8833: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8800: 8799:, pp. 4–18. 8794: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8722: 8709: 8703: 8697: 8691: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8629:Hiltebeitel 1980 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8566: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8536: 8530: 8524: 8518: 8512: 8506: 8495: 8489: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8459: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8435: 8429: 8423: 8417: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8323: 8311: 8298: 8292: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8194: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8170: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8059: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8023: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7900: 7899:, pp. 9–10. 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7787: 7786: 7774: 7765: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7697:, pp. 1–38. 7692: 7681: 7675: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7594: 7593:, pp. 1–36. 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7569:, pp. ix–x. 7564: 7558: 7552: 7546: 7540: 7523: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7397: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7273: 7269: 7261: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7230: 7224: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7176: 7173: 7167: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7052: 7029:Aurangabad Caves 6993:temple in rural 6929: 6928: 6911: 6910: 6902: 6901: 6884: 6883: 6875: 6874: 6866: 6865: 6857: 6856: 6848: 6847: 6839: 6838: 6830: 6829: 6821: 6820: 6812: 6811: 6803: 6802: 6794: 6793: 6785: 6784: 6776: 6775: 6767: 6766: 6758: 6757: 6749: 6748: 6740: 6739: 6731: 6730: 6722: 6721: 6713: 6712: 6704: 6703: 6686: 6685: 6677: 6676: 6659: 6658: 6650: 6649: 6641: 6640: 6623: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6595: 6587: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6569: 6568: 6560: 6559: 6551: 6550: 6542: 6541: 6533: 6532: 6524: 6523: 6515: 6514: 6506: 6505: 6499: 6458:henotheistically 6438:Himachal Pradesh 6339:Shakti-advaita, 6052: 6048: 5852: 5843: 5827:Animal sacrifice 5774:Ganesh Chaturthi 5673:Ashada Navaratri 5657:Ashada Navaratri 5494:Birbhum district 5161:), strongest in 5083: 5080: 4709:Muktika serial # 4700: 4692: 4674:Hindu philosophy 4660: 4533:Brahmanda Purana 4455:Hindu philosophy 4425: 4416: 4372: 4343:Thomas B. Coburn 4269: 4223:and assisted by 4217:J. Desmond Clark 3981: 3979:Śāktasampradāyaḥ 3971: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3911: 3904: 3897: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3841:and Christianity 3811:Pilgrimage sites 3741:Reform movements 3619:Vinayagar Agaval 3570:Five Great Epics 3519:Tamil literature 3418:Sushruta Samhita 3213:Bhavishya Purana 3199:Brahmanda Purana 3150:Bhagavata Purana 3078:Other scriptures 2640:Mahavatar Babaji 2220:Satyakama Jabala 1891:Ganesh Chaturthi 1745:Rites of passage 1258:Shraddha (faith) 676:Major traditions 602: 567: 544: 543: 534: 527: 520: 506: 505: 504: 381:Abhirami Bhattar 258:Saundarya Lahari 83: 60: 59: 21: 13673: 13672: 13668: 13667: 13666: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13636: 13603: 13589: 13412: 13381: 13372:Vasant Panchami 13306:Pahela Baishakh 13288:Makar Sankranti 13207: 13142: 13049: 12965: 12868: 12758: 12739:Abhirami Antati 12709:Kamba Ramayanam 12670: 12556: 12513: 12476: 12398: 12372: 12335: 12305: 12292: 12276:Vishishtadvaita 12213: 12073: 12052: 12036: 12006: 12001: 11983: 11967: 11897: 11847: 11789: 11750:Tripura Sundari 11726: 11678: 11669: 11587: 11574: 11569: 11516: 11447: 11439: 11437:Further reading 11434: 11425: 11423: 11400: 11398: 11379: 11377: 11354: 11352: 11330: 11328: 11327:on 3 March 2024 11306: 11304: 11282: 11280: 11258: 11256: 11234: 11232: 11210: 11208: 11186: 11184: 11162: 11160: 11138: 11136: 11122: 11120: 11078: 11076: 11054: 11052: 11036: 11030: 11020: 11018: 10986: 10967: 10924: 10894: 10882: 10871: 10857: 10836: 10817: 10796: 10777: 10758: 10739: 10720: 10701: 10682: 10663: 10644: 10622: 10603: 10584: 10565: 10546: 10525: 10506: 10475: 10456: 10426: 10405: 10386: 10364: 10362: 10361:on 26 June 2013 10358: 10351: 10338: 10319: 10300: 10281: 10261: 10254: 10241: 10222: 10199:Sākta Upaniṣads 10187: 10168: 10149: 10130: 10111: 10092: 10073: 10056:Wayback Machine 10041: 10039: 10032: 10011: 10000: 9984: 9965: 9946: 9887: 9865: 9846: 9827: 9808: 9789: 9768: 9749: 9705: 9684: 9665: 9644: 9623: 9604: 9583: 9562: 9543: 9524: 9505: 9482:The Lalita Cult 9447: 9428: 9409: 9390: 9369: 9350: 9327: 9294: 9288: 9283: 9275: 9271: 9263: 9259: 9251: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9227: 9223: 9215: 9211: 9205:Brancaccio 2010 9203: 9196: 9188: 9184: 9176: 9172: 9164: 9157: 9153:, p. 2599. 9149: 9145: 9137: 9133: 9125: 9121: 9115:Kalimandir 2016 9113: 9109: 9101: 9094: 9086: 9082: 9074: 9070: 9062: 9058: 9050: 9046: 9038: 9034: 9026: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9002: 8998: 8990: 8986: 8978: 8974: 8966: 8962: 8954: 8950: 8942: 8938: 8930: 8926: 8918: 8914: 8906: 8902: 8894: 8890: 8882: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8858: 8854: 8846: 8842: 8834: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8810: 8803: 8795: 8791: 8783: 8779: 8771: 8767: 8759: 8755: 8747: 8743: 8735: 8731: 8723: 8712: 8704: 8700: 8692: 8683: 8675: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8635: 8627: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8603: 8599: 8591: 8587: 8579: 8575: 8567: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8543: 8539: 8531: 8527: 8519: 8515: 8507: 8498: 8490: 8486: 8478: 8474: 8466: 8462: 8454: 8450: 8442: 8438: 8430: 8426: 8418: 8414: 8408:Srinivasan 2007 8406: 8402: 8394: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8358: 8351: 8343: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8317: 8312: 8301: 8293: 8284: 8276: 8272: 8264: 8260: 8252: 8248: 8240: 8236: 8232:, p. xiii. 8228: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8208:, p. 1211. 8204: 8197: 8189: 8185: 8177: 8173: 8165: 8161: 8153: 8149: 8141: 8137: 8129: 8125: 8117: 8110: 8102: 8098: 8090: 8086: 8078: 8074: 8066: 8062: 8054: 8050: 8042: 8038: 8030: 8026: 8022:, pp. 1–5. 8018: 8014: 8006: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7903: 7895: 7891: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7825:Rigopoulos 1998 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7803:, pp. 1–3. 7799: 7790: 7780: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7736: 7732: 7724: 7713: 7705: 7701: 7693: 7684: 7676: 7669: 7661: 7657: 7649: 7645: 7637: 7633: 7629:, pp. xvi. 7625: 7621: 7613: 7609: 7601: 7597: 7589: 7585: 7577: 7573: 7565: 7561: 7553: 7549: 7541: 7526: 7518: 7514: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7482: 7478: 7470: 7466: 7458: 7454: 7446: 7442: 7434: 7430: 7422: 7418: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7394: 7386: 7382: 7374: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7338: 7334: 7326: 7319: 7311: 7307: 7299: 7295: 7291:, p. 2600. 7287: 7276: 7272: 7264: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7240: 7233: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7144: 7120: 7084: 7072: 7067: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7053: 7014: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6912: 6904: 6903: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6885: 6877: 6876: 6868: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6850: 6849: 6841: 6840: 6832: 6831: 6823: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6805: 6804: 6796: 6795: 6787: 6786: 6778: 6777: 6769: 6768: 6760: 6759: 6751: 6750: 6742: 6741: 6733: 6732: 6724: 6723: 6715: 6714: 6706: 6705: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6660: 6652: 6651: 6643: 6642: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6624: 6616: 6615: 6607: 6606: 6598: 6597: 6589: 6588: 6580: 6579: 6571: 6570: 6562: 6561: 6553: 6552: 6544: 6543: 6535: 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Self-evident 6302: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6291: 6282: 6011:for Vishnu and 5968: 5948:Alf Hiltebeitel 5946:. According to 5863: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5829: 5817:Kamakhya Temple 5747:(tower) of the 5713: 5707: 5695: 5693:Vasant Panchami 5689: 5687:Vasant Panchami 5649:Chaitra Navatri 5592: 5586: 5578: 5340: 5306:practice). The 5179: 5159:Tripura Sundari 5150: 5130: 5122: 5081: 5065:Notable Shakta 5018: 4879: 4691: 4678:Advaita Vedanta 4662: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4578: 4502: 4470:Sri Ramakrishna 4464:The Hindu monk 4451:Advaita Vedanta 4443: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4437:Elephanta Caves 4433:Ardhanarishvara 4428: 4427: 4426: 4418: 4417: 4374: 4367: 4351: 4270: 4260: 4189: 4183: 4171:Hindu festivals 4104:for Vishnu and 3968:शाक्तसम्प्रदायः 3929: 3925: 3915: 3877: 3875: 3856: 3855: 3849: 3819: 3785: 3764: 3756: 3746: 3745: 3708: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3624: 3521: 3489: 3411:Charaka Samhita 3390:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 3348:Shilpa Shastras 3327: 3280: 3164:Naradiya Purana 3136: 3131: 3106: 3080: 3039: 2903: 2835: 2819: 2788: 2780: 2770: 2769: 2715:Shirdi Sai Baba 2710:Sathya Sai Baba 2690:Ramana Maharshi 2594: 2561:Vadiraja Tirtha 2556:Vācaspati Miśra 2436:Srinivasacharya 2416:Narahari Tirtha 2396:Matsyendranatha 2381:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 2346:Jagannatha Dasa 2336:Haridasa Thakur 2255: 2134: 2126: 2116: 2115: 2071: 2032:Vishishtadvaita 1981: 1973: 1963: 1962: 1916:Makar Sankranti 1896:Vasant Panchami 1859:Maha Shivaratri 1843: 1747: 1656: 1590: 1559: 1440: 1431: 1423: 1422: 1387: 1281: 1218:Prajña (wisdom) 1214: 1191: 1155: 1129: 1098: 1067: 1065:Meaning of life 1052:God in Hinduism 1041: 1005: 1003:Supreme reality 980:Subtle elements 969: 950: 944: 934: 933: 789: 758: 732: 724: 714: 713: 710: 677: 671: 661: 660: 605: 600:Hindu synthesis 596: 591: 538: 502: 500: 495: 494: 485: 477: 476: 437: 429: 428: 394: 386: 385: 351: 341: 340: 308: 288: 286: 278: 277: 247: 238:Tripura Rahasya 223:Devi Bhagavatam 179: 169: 168: 104: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13671: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13634: 13624: 13614: 13594: 13591: 13590: 13588: 13587: 13586: 13585: 13580: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13518: 13517: 13516: 13506: 13501: 13500: 13499: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13443: 13442: 13437: 13426: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13389: 13387: 13383: 13382: 13380: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13356: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13330: 13329: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13259: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13238: 13236:Raksha Bandhan 13233: 13228: 13223: 13217: 13215: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13205: 13204: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13178: 13177: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13150: 13148: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13059: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12986: 12984: 12975: 12971: 12970: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12878: 12876: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12866: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12781: 12779: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12760: 12759: 12757: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12680: 12678: 12672: 12671: 12669: 12668: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12635: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12577: 12572: 12566: 12564: 12558: 12557: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12523: 12521: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12490: 12488: 12482: 12481: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12447:Shvetashvatara 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12422:Brihadaranyaka 12419: 12414: 12408: 12406: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12380: 12378: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12349: 12343: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12333: 12328: 12322: 12320: 12319:Classification 12313: 12307: 12306: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12293: 12291: 12290: 12281: 12280: 12279: 12272: 12265: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12223: 12221: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12211: 12210: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12158: 12157: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12129: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12092: 12090: 12081: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12071: 12066: 12063: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12035: 12034: 12027: 12020: 12012: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11981: 11975: 11973: 11969: 11968: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11941:Devi Upanishad 11938: 11933: 11931:Sita Upanishad 11923: 11918: 11913: 11907: 11905: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11895: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11857: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11799: 11797: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11736: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11688: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11672: 11670: 11668: 11667: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11639: 11638: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11597: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11585: 11579: 11576: 11575: 11568: 11567: 11560: 11553: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11515: 11514:External links 11512: 11511: 11510: 11493: 11475:(4): 489–506. 11460: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11432: 11407: 11386: 11361: 11337: 11313: 11289: 11265: 11241: 11217: 11193: 11169: 11145: 11129: 11109: 11097: 11085: 11061: 11035: 11032: 11028: 11027: 10999: 10990: 10984: 10971: 10965: 10949: 10928: 10922: 10907: 10887: 10861: 10855: 10840: 10834: 10821: 10815: 10800: 10794: 10788:. SUNY Press. 10781: 10775: 10762: 10757:978-8120827523 10756: 10743: 10737: 10724: 10718: 10705: 10699: 10686: 10680: 10667: 10661: 10648: 10643:978-3447025225 10642: 10626: 10620: 10607: 10601: 10588: 10583:978-0812692983 10582: 10569: 10563: 10550: 10544: 10529: 10523: 10510: 10504: 10491: 10479: 10473: 10460: 10455:978-0195070453 10454: 10441: 10430: 10424: 10409: 10403: 10390: 10384: 10371: 10342: 10336: 10323: 10317: 10304: 10298: 10285: 10279: 10266: 10245: 10239: 10226: 10220: 10205: 10191: 10185: 10172: 10166: 10153: 10147: 10134: 10128: 10115: 10109: 10096: 10091:978-0816054589 10090: 10077: 10071: 10058: 10030: 10015: 10009: 9988: 9982: 9969: 9964:978-0195154269 9963: 9950: 9944: 9931: 9911:10.1086/462845 9905:(3): 187–223. 9891: 9885: 9869: 9863: 9850: 9844: 9831: 9825: 9812: 9806: 9793: 9787: 9772: 9767:978-0791430675 9766: 9753: 9747: 9730: 9709: 9703: 9688: 9682: 9669: 9663: 9648: 9642: 9627: 9621: 9608: 9602: 9596:. Penguin UK. 9587: 9581: 9566: 9560: 9547: 9542:978-0815336112 9541: 9528: 9522: 9509: 9503: 9490: 9477: 9460: 9451: 9445: 9432: 9426: 9413: 9407: 9394: 9388: 9373: 9367: 9354: 9348: 9331: 9325: 9308: 9293: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9279:, p. 139. 9269: 9257: 9245: 9243:, p. 715. 9233: 9221: 9209: 9194: 9192:, p. 137. 9182: 9180:, p. 119. 9170: 9168:, p. 332. 9155: 9143: 9131: 9119: 9107: 9103:McDermott 1998 9092: 9090:, p. 171. 9080: 9076:Pattanaik 2000 9068: 9056: 9044: 9032: 9020: 9008: 9006:, p. 400. 8996: 8984: 8982:, p. 375. 8972: 8960: 8948: 8936: 8924: 8922:, p. 225. 8912: 8910:, p. 238. 8900: 8896:Sivaraman 1973 8888: 8876: 8864: 8852: 8840: 8836:Munavalli 2007 8828: 8816: 8801: 8789: 8777: 8773:Dhavamony 2002 8765: 8763:, p. 221. 8753: 8741: 8739:, p. 182. 8737:Partridge 2013 8729: 8710: 8706:Dhavamony 1999 8698: 8696:, p. 474. 8681: 8679:, p. 156. 8669: 8657: 8655:, p. 262. 8645: 8633: 8621: 8609: 8597: 8585: 8573: 8571:, p. 312. 8561: 8549: 8537: 8535:, p. 205. 8533:McDermott 2011 8525: 8523:, p. 141. 8513: 8496: 8494:, p. 343. 8484: 8480:McDermott 2011 8472: 8470:, p. 184. 8460: 8448: 8444:Kalipooja 2007 8436: 8424: 8412: 8400: 8388: 8386:, p. 830. 8384:McDermott 2005 8376: 8372:Durgapuja 2007 8364: 8349: 8345:Pattanaik 2000 8337: 8335:, p. 734. 8325: 8299: 8282: 8280:, p. 209. 8270: 8268:, p. 219. 8258: 8246: 8234: 8222: 8210: 8195: 8191:Sanderson 2014 8183: 8179:Sanderson 2014 8171: 8167:Sanderson 2014 8159: 8155:Sanderson 2014 8147: 8145:, p. 827. 8143:McDermott 2005 8135: 8123: 8121:, p. xii. 8108: 8096: 8084: 8072: 8070:, p. 126. 8060: 8048: 8036: 8032:Sanderson 2014 8024: 8012: 8008:Greenberg 2008 8000: 7988: 7976: 7964: 7962:, p. 149. 7952: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7901: 7897:Pintchman 2014 7889: 7877: 7873:Pintchman 2015 7865: 7853: 7841: 7829: 7817: 7813:Pintchman 2014 7805: 7788: 7766: 7762:Pintchman 2015 7754: 7742: 7730: 7728:, p. 170. 7711: 7709:, p. 399. 7699: 7682: 7667: 7655: 7643: 7631: 7619: 7607: 7595: 7591:Dikshitar 1999 7583: 7581:, p. 164. 7571: 7559: 7547: 7545:, p. 826. 7543:McDermott 2005 7524: 7512: 7500: 7488: 7486:, p. 217. 7476: 7464: 7462:, p. 186. 7452: 7448:Dikshitar 1999 7440: 7428: 7416: 7404: 7392: 7380: 7368: 7356: 7354:, p. 193. 7344: 7332: 7330:, p. 139. 7317: 7305: 7293: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7262: 7253: 7246: 7231: 7216: 7204: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7168: 7159: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7119: 7116: 7092:attributed to 7083: 7080: 7071: 7068: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7013: 7010: 6995:Rush, New York 6955:Southeast Asia 6943: 6942: 6932: 6931: 6924: 6923: 6914: 6913: 6906: 6905: 6897: 6896: 6887: 6886: 6879: 6878: 6870: 6869: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6843: 6842: 6834: 6833: 6825: 6824: 6816: 6815: 6807: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6789: 6788: 6780: 6779: 6771: 6770: 6762: 6761: 6753: 6752: 6744: 6743: 6735: 6734: 6726: 6725: 6717: 6716: 6708: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6681: 6680: 6672: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6654: 6653: 6645: 6644: 6636: 6635: 6626: 6625: 6618: 6617: 6609: 6608: 6600: 6599: 6591: 6590: 6582: 6581: 6573: 6572: 6564: 6563: 6555: 6554: 6546: 6545: 6537: 6536: 6528: 6527: 6519: 6518: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6488:Shakti Peethas 6482:Shakti Peethas 6473: 6470: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6386: 6383: 6364: 6359: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6311: 6304: 6295: 6288: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6272:Brahman, Atman 6270: 6267: 6264: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6065: 6060: 6055: 5999:) of the gods 5967: 5964: 5959:British Empire 5891:Gayatri Mantra 5857: 5856: 5847: 5846: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5828: 5825: 5812:Ambubachi Mela 5790:Ambubachi Mela 5709:Main article: 5706: 5703: 5691:Main article: 5688: 5685: 5588:Main article: 5585: 5582: 5577: 5574: 5539:kaivalyadayini 5339: 5336: 5178: 5175: 5149: 5146: 5129: 5126: 5121: 5118: 5046:kundalini yoga 5017: 5014: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4854: 4853: 4850: 4845: 4842: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4789: 4786: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765:Devi Upanishad 4760: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4733: 4730: 4727:Sita Upanishad 4722: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4690: 4687: 4620: 4613: 4577: 4574: 4570:Devi Upanishad 4501: 4498: 4478:mother goddess 4430: 4429: 4420: 4419: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4304:Kena Upanishad 4258: 4205:Madhya Pradesh 4201:Sidhi district 4185:Main article: 4182: 4179: 4152:Devi Upanishad 4092:) of the gods 4047:Tripurasundari 4045:, Parvati and 4005:, to gracious 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3906: 3899: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3847: 3821: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3714:Discrimination 3710: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3605:Abirami Antati 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3491: 3490: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3453:Ramcharitmanas 3449: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3404:Pramana Sutras 3400: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3376:Mimamsa Sutras 3372: 3369:Samkhya Sutras 3365: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3337: 3334:Dharma Shastra 3329: 3328: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3160: 3153: 3146: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3090: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3009: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2986: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2968:Shvetashvatara 2964: 2957: 2950: 2943: 2940:Brihadaranyaka 2935: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2750:Upasni Maharaj 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2576:Vedanta Desika 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2496:Samarth Ramdas 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2446:Purandara Dasa 2443: 2438: 2433: 2431:Nimbarkacharya 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2351:Jayanta Bhatta 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2028: 2021: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1886:Raksha Bandhan 1883: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1768:Simantonnayana 1765: 1760: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1717:Carnatic music 1714: 1709: 1704: 1702:Bhagavata Mela 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646:Kundalini yoga 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096:Stages of life 1094: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1057:God and gender 1054: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1007: 1006: 1001: 998: 997: 992: 990:Gross elements 987: 982: 977: 971: 970: 967: 964: 963: 958: 952: 951: 948: 945: 940: 939: 936: 935: 932: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 865: 864: 858: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 801: 800: 791: 790: 780: 777: 776: 771: 766: 760: 759: 754: 751: 750: 745: 740: 734: 733: 728: 725: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 704: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 679: 678: 675: 672: 667: 666: 663: 662: 659: 658: 653: 648: 646:Itihasa-Purana 637: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 583: 582: 577: 569: 568: 560: 559: 553: 552: 540: 539: 537: 536: 529: 522: 514: 511: 510: 497: 496: 493: 492: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 469: 464: 462:Saraswati Puja 459: 454: 449: 444: 438: 435: 434: 431: 430: 427: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 352: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 328: 323: 317: 316: 307: 306: 301: 295: 294: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 273:Abirami Antati 270: 265: 260: 254: 253: 246: 245: 240: 235: 230: 228:Devi Mahatmyam 225: 220: 219: 218: 213: 208: 198: 197: 196: 186: 180: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 115: 114: 105: 100: 99: 96: 95: 94: 93: 85: 84: 76: 75: 69: 68: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13670: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13633: 13625: 13623: 13619: 13615: 13613: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13592: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13574: 13573:Hindu temples 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13522: 13519: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13477:Hindu studies 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13447:Denominations 13445: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13419: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13384: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13359: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13335: 13334: 13331: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13257: 13256:Vijayadashami 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13214: 13210: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13183: 13182: 13179: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13156: 13155: 13152: 13151: 13149: 13145: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13073:Simantonayana 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12979: 12976: 12972: 12962: 12961: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12871: 12865: 12864: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12786: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12778: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12765: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12673: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12660: 12659:Yoga Vasistha 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12570:Bhagavad Gita 12568: 12567: 12565: 12563: 12559: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12524: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12510: 12509:Sthapatyaveda 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12483: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12375: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12338: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12308: 12289: 12285: 12282: 12278: 12277: 12273: 12271: 12270: 12266: 12264: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12220: 12216: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12164: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12089: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12076: 12070: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12055: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12033: 12028: 12026: 12021: 12019: 12014: 12013: 12010: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11986: 11980: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11970: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11921:Kalika Purana 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11911:Devi Mahatmya 11909: 11908: 11906: 11904: 11900: 11894: 11893: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11881:Tulja Bhavani 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11853:Shakta pithas 11850: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11813:Chandraghanta 11811: 11809: 11808:Brahmacharini 11806: 11804: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11755:Bhuvaneshvari 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11685: 11681: 11676: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11634: 11633: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11590: 11584: 11581: 11580: 11577: 11573: 11566: 11561: 11559: 11554: 11552: 11547: 11546: 11543: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11494: 11490: 11486: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11446: 11441: 11440: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11408: 11396: 11392: 11387: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11362: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11182: 11178: 11177:DurgaPuja.org 11174: 11170: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11134: 11130: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11090: 11086: 11074: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11037: 11031: 11016: 11013: 11009: 11005: 11000: 10996: 10991: 10987: 10981: 10977: 10972: 10968: 10966:0-253-11127-7 10962: 10958: 10954: 10950: 10946: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10929: 10925: 10919: 10915: 10914: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10893: 10888: 10881: 10877: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10841: 10837: 10831: 10827: 10822: 10818: 10812: 10808: 10807: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10787: 10782: 10778: 10772: 10768: 10763: 10759: 10753: 10749: 10744: 10740: 10734: 10730: 10725: 10721: 10715: 10711: 10706: 10702: 10696: 10692: 10687: 10683: 10677: 10673: 10668: 10664: 10658: 10654: 10649: 10645: 10639: 10635: 10631: 10627: 10623: 10617: 10613: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10594: 10589: 10585: 10579: 10575: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10556: 10551: 10547: 10545:9788170226420 10541: 10537: 10536: 10530: 10526: 10520: 10516: 10511: 10507: 10501: 10497: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10470: 10466: 10461: 10457: 10451: 10447: 10442: 10438: 10437: 10431: 10427: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10410: 10406: 10400: 10396: 10391: 10387: 10381: 10377: 10372: 10357: 10350: 10349: 10343: 10339: 10333: 10329: 10324: 10320: 10318:0-02-865735-7 10314: 10310: 10305: 10301: 10295: 10291: 10286: 10282: 10276: 10272: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10252: 10246: 10242: 10236: 10232: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10213: 10212: 10206: 10202: 10200: 10192: 10188: 10182: 10178: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10159: 10154: 10150: 10144: 10140: 10135: 10131: 10125: 10121: 10116: 10112: 10106: 10102: 10097: 10093: 10087: 10083: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10064: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10050: 10037: 10033: 10031:9781118323038 10027: 10023: 10022: 10016: 10012: 10006: 9999: 9998: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9975: 9970: 9966: 9960: 9956: 9951: 9947: 9945:9780983784722 9941: 9937: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9864:0-520-07339-8 9860: 9856: 9851: 9847: 9841: 9837: 9832: 9828: 9822: 9819:. Routledge. 9818: 9813: 9809: 9803: 9799: 9794: 9790: 9784: 9780: 9779: 9773: 9769: 9763: 9759: 9754: 9750: 9744: 9739: 9738: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9700: 9696: 9695: 9689: 9685: 9679: 9675: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9656: 9655: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9635: 9634: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9614: 9609: 9605: 9603:9788184752779 9599: 9595: 9594: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9574: 9573: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9553: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9535:. Routledge. 9534: 9529: 9525: 9523:90-420-1510-1 9519: 9515: 9510: 9506: 9500: 9496: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9478: 9474: 9469: 9468: 9461: 9457: 9452: 9448: 9446:81-208-0557-7 9442: 9438: 9433: 9429: 9423: 9419: 9414: 9410: 9404: 9400: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9381: 9380: 9374: 9370: 9364: 9360: 9355: 9351: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9296: 9295: 9278: 9273: 9266: 9261: 9254: 9253:Rinehart 2011 9249: 9242: 9237: 9230: 9225: 9218: 9213: 9206: 9201: 9199: 9191: 9186: 9179: 9174: 9167: 9162: 9160: 9152: 9147: 9140: 9135: 9128: 9127:Srividya 2016 9123: 9116: 9111: 9104: 9099: 9097: 9089: 9084: 9077: 9072: 9065: 9060: 9053: 9048: 9041: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9017: 9012: 9005: 9000: 8993: 8988: 8981: 8976: 8969: 8964: 8957: 8952: 8945: 8944:McDaniel 2004 8940: 8933: 8932:Deutsche 2000 8928: 8921: 8916: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8892: 8885: 8880: 8873: 8868: 8861: 8856: 8849: 8844: 8838:, p. 83. 8837: 8832: 8825: 8820: 8813: 8808: 8806: 8798: 8797:Olivelle 1992 8793: 8786: 8785:Phillips 1995 8781: 8775:, p. 63. 8774: 8769: 8762: 8757: 8750: 8745: 8738: 8733: 8726: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8707: 8702: 8695: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8678: 8673: 8667:, p. 11. 8666: 8665:McDaniel 2004 8661: 8654: 8649: 8642: 8637: 8630: 8625: 8618: 8613: 8606: 8601: 8595:, p. 77. 8594: 8589: 8582: 8577: 8570: 8565: 8558: 8557:Shrestha 2009 8553: 8546: 8541: 8534: 8529: 8522: 8517: 8511:, p. 83. 8510: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8493: 8488: 8481: 8476: 8469: 8464: 8457: 8452: 8445: 8440: 8433: 8428: 8422:, p. 33. 8421: 8416: 8409: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8368: 8361: 8356: 8354: 8346: 8341: 8334: 8329: 8321: 8315: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8297:, p. 28. 8296: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8279: 8274: 8267: 8262: 8256:, p. 56. 8255: 8250: 8243: 8238: 8231: 8226: 8219: 8214: 8207: 8202: 8200: 8192: 8187: 8180: 8175: 8168: 8163: 8156: 8151: 8144: 8139: 8132: 8127: 8120: 8115: 8113: 8105: 8100: 8093: 8088: 8082:, p. 65. 8081: 8076: 8069: 8064: 8057: 8052: 8045: 8040: 8034:, p. 80. 8033: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8009: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7985: 7980: 7973: 7972:Monaghan 2011 7968: 7961: 7956: 7949: 7944: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7908: 7906: 7898: 7893: 7886: 7881: 7874: 7869: 7862: 7857: 7850: 7845: 7839:, p. 94. 7838: 7833: 7827:, p. 72. 7826: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7784: 7778: 7773: 7771: 7763: 7758: 7751: 7746: 7739: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7708: 7703: 7696: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7679: 7674: 7672: 7664: 7663:Dasgupta 1996 7659: 7652: 7647: 7640: 7635: 7628: 7623: 7616: 7611: 7604: 7599: 7592: 7587: 7580: 7575: 7568: 7563: 7556: 7551: 7544: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7508:McDaniel 2004 7504: 7497: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7473: 7468: 7461: 7456: 7449: 7444: 7437: 7432: 7425: 7420: 7413: 7408: 7401: 7396: 7389: 7384: 7377: 7372: 7366:, p. 16. 7365: 7360: 7353: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7329: 7324: 7322: 7314: 7313:Johnston 2014 7309: 7302: 7297: 7290: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7250: 7244:, p. 26. 7243: 7238: 7236: 7229:, p. 90. 7228: 7227:McDaniel 2004 7223: 7221: 7213: 7208: 7201: 7196: 7192: 7172: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7115: 7114:of Hinduism. 7113: 7112: 7108:found in the 7107: 7106:Devi Mahatmya 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7079: 7077: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7027:The Buddhist 7025: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6971:United States 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6937: 6936: 6919: 6918: 6892: 6891: 6694: 6693: 6667: 6666: 6631: 6630: 6498: 6491: 6489: 6483: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6392: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6313:1. Perception 6312: 6306:1. Perception 6305: 6297:1. Perception 6296: 6290:1. Perception 6289: 6286: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259:(Vishnu) and 6258: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6099:Supreme deity 6098: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5963: 5960: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5871:water buffalo 5868: 5851: 5842: 5833: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5769: 5763: 5761: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5681:Devi Mahatmya 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5625:Devi Mahatmya 5621: 5620: 5619:Vijayadashami 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5591: 5581: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5471: 5470:Dakshina Kali 5466: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5401: 5397: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5366:, as well as 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5303:dakshinamarga 5299: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5282: 5278:The Srividya 5276: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5189:) tradition ( 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5086:Yogini Tantra 5076: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4987:Sapta-Matrika 4982: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4951:Bhuvaneshvari 4948: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4811:Atharva Veda 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4773:Atharva Veda 4769: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4755:Atharva Veda 4751: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4720: 4715: 4714:Attached Veda 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4686: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4653: 4645: 4631: 4619: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4609:Bhuvaneshvari 4606: 4602: 4601: 4600:Bhagavad Gita 4596: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4522: 4521:Kalika Purana 4517: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4490:Ramprasad Sen 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4404: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4373: 4371: 4364: 4362: 4359:spoken of as 4358: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4339:Devi-Mahatmya 4336: 4335: 4334:Bhagavad Gita 4330: 4329:Devi Mahatmya 4325: 4323: 4322:Devi Mahatmya 4317: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4167:Hindu temples 4164: 4163: 4162:Bhagavad Gita 4158: 4157:Devi Mahatmya 4154: 4153: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4142:Kalika Purana 4138: 4137: 4132: 4131: 4130:Devi Mahatmya 4126: 4122: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3993: 3989: 3986:in which the 3985: 3982:) is a major 3980: 3974: 3965: 3959: 3923: 3912: 3907: 3905: 3900: 3898: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3852: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3784:Hindu culture 3782: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3736:Organisations 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3460:Yoga Vasistha 3457: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3425:Natya Shastra 3422: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3362:Brahma Sutras 3359: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3308:Sthapatyaveda 3305: 3303: 3302: 3301:Gandharvaveda 3298: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3262:Varaha Purana 3259: 3257: 3256: 3255:Skanda Purana 3252: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3192:Brahma Purana 3189: 3187: 3186: 3185:Garuda Purana 3182: 3180: 3179: 3178:Matsya Purana 3175: 3173: 3172: 3171:Vāmana Purana 3168: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3143:Vishnu Purana 3140: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3087:Bhagavad Gita 3084: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2670:Radhakrishnan 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650:Narayana Guru 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2630:Jaggi Vasudev 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2620:Chinmayananda 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2481:Ramprasad Sen 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2331:Gorakshanatha 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2276:Allama Prabhu 2274: 2272: 2271:Akka Mahadevi 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2261:Abhinavagupta 2259: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210:Prashastapada 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2070:Other schools 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2046:Shuddhadvaita 2043: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1727:Kalaripayattu 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1662:Bharatanatyam 1660: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541:Nritta-Nritya 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 966: 965: 962: 959: 957: 954: 953: 947: 946: 943: 938: 937: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 863: 860: 859: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 799: 797: 793: 792: 788: 784: 779: 778: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 757: 753: 752: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 731: 727: 726: 723: 718: 717: 709: 708: 703: 702: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 674: 673: 670: 665: 664: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 643: 642: 641: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 601: 598: 597: 595: 587: 586: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 571: 570: 566: 562: 561: 558: 555: 554: 550: 546: 545: 535: 530: 528: 523: 521: 516: 515: 513: 512: 509: 499: 498: 491: 488: 487: 481: 480: 473: 472:Shakta pithas 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 433: 432: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 390: 389: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 371:Ramprasad Sen 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 350: 345: 344: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 310: 309: 305: 304:Dakshinachara 302: 300: 297: 296: 293: 290: 289: 282: 281: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 263:Annada Mangal 261: 259: 256: 255: 252: 249: 248: 244: 243:Kalika Purana 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 199: 195: 192: 191: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 178: 173: 172: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 116: 113: 111: 107: 106: 103: 98: 97: 92: 89: 88: 87: 86: 82: 78: 77: 74: 71: 70: 66: 62: 61: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 13583:Architecture 13186:Brahmacharya 13128:Samavartanam 13093:Annaprashana 12959: 12862: 12663: 12617:Dharmaśāstra 12607:Arthashastra 12442:Maitrayaniya 12274: 12267: 12260: 12182:Brahmacharya 11890: 11843:Siddhidhatri 11765:Chhinnamasta 11662: 11571: 11523: 11505: 11501: 11472: 11468: 11455: 11451: 11424:. Retrieved 11420:the original 11415: 11399:. Retrieved 11395:the original 11378:. Retrieved 11374:the original 11369: 11353:. Retrieved 11349:the original 11344: 11329:. Retrieved 11325:the original 11320: 11317:"kalimandir" 11305:. Retrieved 11301:the original 11296: 11281:. Retrieved 11277:the original 11272: 11257:. Retrieved 11253:the original 11248: 11233:. Retrieved 11229:the original 11224: 11209:. Retrieved 11205:the original 11200: 11185:. Retrieved 11181:the original 11176: 11173:"Durga Puja" 11161:. Retrieved 11157:the original 11152: 11137:. Retrieved 11121:. Retrieved 11117:the original 11105:the original 11093:the original 11077:. Retrieved 11073:the original 11068: 11053:. Retrieved 11049:the original 11044: 11029: 11019:. Retrieved 11007: 11004:"Durga Puja" 10994: 10975: 10956: 10936: 10932: 10912: 10902: 10898: 10880:the original 10875: 10845: 10825: 10805: 10785: 10766: 10747: 10728: 10709: 10690: 10671: 10652: 10633: 10630:Rocher, Ludo 10611: 10592: 10573: 10554: 10534: 10514: 10495: 10486: 10467:. ABC-CLIO. 10464: 10445: 10434: 10414: 10397:. ABC-CLIO. 10394: 10375: 10363:. Retrieved 10356:the original 10347: 10327: 10308: 10289: 10270: 10259:the original 10250: 10230: 10210: 10195: 10176: 10157: 10138: 10119: 10100: 10081: 10062: 10040:. Retrieved 10020: 9996: 9973: 9954: 9935: 9902: 9898: 9876: 9854: 9838:. ABC-CLIO. 9835: 9816: 9797: 9777: 9757: 9736: 9717: 9713: 9693: 9673: 9653: 9632: 9612: 9592: 9571: 9551: 9532: 9513: 9494: 9481: 9471:. New York: 9466: 9455: 9436: 9417: 9398: 9378: 9358: 9335: 9312: 9299: 9272: 9265:Elsberg 2003 9260: 9248: 9241:Roberts 2011 9236: 9224: 9212: 9185: 9173: 9146: 9139:Dempsey 2006 9134: 9122: 9110: 9083: 9071: 9059: 9047: 9035: 9023: 9016:Merriam 2023 9011: 8999: 8987: 8975: 8963: 8958:, p. 5. 8951: 8939: 8927: 8915: 8903: 8891: 8884:Simoons 1998 8879: 8867: 8860:Frazier 2013 8855: 8848:Prakash 1998 8843: 8831: 8824:Shaivas 2017 8819: 8792: 8780: 8768: 8756: 8744: 8732: 8701: 8677:Kinsley 1987 8672: 8660: 8648: 8636: 8624: 8612: 8600: 8588: 8576: 8564: 8552: 8540: 8528: 8516: 8487: 8475: 8463: 8451: 8439: 8427: 8420:Kinsley 1987 8415: 8403: 8391: 8379: 8367: 8360:Kinsley 1987 8340: 8328: 8314:McDaniel n.d 8273: 8261: 8249: 8237: 8225: 8213: 8186: 8174: 8162: 8150: 8138: 8126: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8063: 8056:Kinsley 1998 8051: 8044:Kinsley 1987 8039: 8027: 8020:Kinsley 1987 8015: 8003: 7991: 7984:Kinsley 1987 7979: 7967: 7955: 7948:Kinsley 1987 7943: 7931: 7919: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7844: 7832: 7820: 7808: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7702: 7665:, p. 3. 7658: 7646: 7634: 7622: 7610: 7598: 7586: 7574: 7562: 7550: 7515: 7503: 7491: 7479: 7467: 7455: 7443: 7431: 7419: 7407: 7395: 7390:, p. 1. 7383: 7371: 7359: 7347: 7342:, p. 7. 7335: 7308: 7301:Deussen 1980 7296: 7249: 7207: 7195: 7171: 7162: 7154: 7150: 7124:Palden Lhamo 7109: 7105: 7102:Dasam Granth 7101: 7089:Dasam Granth 7087: 7085: 7073: 7059: 7040: 7036: 7033:Ajanta Caves 7026: 7022:Miranda Shaw 7015: 6999: 6988: 6982: 6974: 6973:include the 6952: 6933: 6915: 6888: 6690: 6663: 6627: 6485: 6402: 6315:2. Inference 6308:2. Inference 6299:2. Inference 6292:2. Inference 6280:Epistemology 6263:(Soul, Self) 6108:Goddess Devi 6046:as follows: 6041: 6035: 5996: 5983:as an ideal 5973:Vaishnavaite 5969: 5956: 5940: 5935: 5921: 5906: 5897: 5895: 5884: 5882: 5864: 5830: 5810: 5801:festival in 5794: 5788: 5784: 5782: 5766: 5758: 5757: 5725: 5719: 5716:Lakshmi Puja 5714: 5699: 5696: 5680: 5672: 5665:Vaishno Devi 5656: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5623: 5617: 5613: 5595: 5593: 5579: 5569: 5561: 5552: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5528: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5501: 5497: 5475: 5469: 5468:Kali in her 5456: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5408: 5406: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5327:Samayacharya 5326: 5322: 5320: 5316:Bhaskararaya 5311: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5250: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5196: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5180: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5131: 5123: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5102:Syamarahasya 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5019: 5010:Gramadevatas 4998:Ashtalakshmi 4991: 4985: 4983: 4963:Chhinnamasta 4944: 4905: 4886: 4880: 4857: 4837: 4819: 4801: 4781: 4763: 4745: 4736:Atharva Veda 4725: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4682: 4665: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4648: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4592: 4585: 4581: 4579: 4558:Bhaskararaya 4547: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4515: 4514:such as the 4505: 4503: 4463: 4458: 4444: 4399: 4394: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4354: 4338: 4332: 4328: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4309: 4302: 4272: 4265: 4255: 4247: 4235: 4233: 4209:G. R. Sharma 4197:Baghor stone 4190: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4118: 4089: 4076:as an ideal 4066:Vaishnavaite 4055: 4051:Gramadevatas 4013:. After the 3996: 3992:metaphysical 3921: 3920: 3843: / 3839: / 3835: / 3831: / 3829:and Buddhism 3827: / 3791:Architecture 3754:Other topics 3692: 3675: 3647:Four varnas: 3646: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3568: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3508: 3501: 3494: 3472: 3465: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3437: 3432:Panchatantra 3430: 3423: 3416: 3409: 3402: 3395: 3388: 3383:Nyāya Sūtras 3381: 3374: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3341:Artha Śastra 3339: 3332: 3306: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3248:Kūrma Purana 3246: 3241:Linga Purana 3239: 3234:Shiva Purana 3232: 3225: 3220:Padma Purana 3218: 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3118: 3111: 3096:s (Hinduism) 3093: 3085: 3026: 3019: 3012: 3006:Atharvaveda: 3005: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2922: 2915: 2908: 2870: 2861: 2854: 2847: 2840: 2720:Shraddhanand 2695:Ravi Shankar 2675:R. D. Ranade 2536:Śyāma Śastri 2531:Swaminarayan 2491:Rupa Goswami 2401:Morya Gosavi 2361:Jiva Goswami 2266:Adi Shankara 2092:Pratyabhijña 2058: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2030: 2023: 2016: 1823:Samavartanam 1803:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1788:Annaprashana 1712:Dandiya Raas 1687:Mohiniyattam 1580:Nididhyāsana 1385:Epistemology 1317:Brahmacharya 1197:Ātman (self) 1160: 1104:Brahmacharya 1033:Saccidānanda 985:Panchikarana 861: 794: 785: / 781:Other major 705: 687: 639: 638: 593: 452:Lakshmi Puja 414:Panchamakara 361:Bhaskararaya 311: 292:Vidya margam 291: 250: 108: 72: 29: 13632:WikiProject 13504:Persecution 13492:Nationalism 13482:Iconography 13362:Ratha Yatra 13273:Janmashtami 13268:Rama Navami 13196:Vanaprastha 13147:Varnashrama 13123:Ritushuddhi 13108:Vidyarambha 13098:Chudakarana 13088:Nishkramana 13063:Garbhadhana 12704:Thirukkural 12699:Thiruppugal 12627:Nāradasmṛti 12590:Mahabharata 12368:Atharvaveda 12246:Vaisheshika 12133:Puruṣārthas 11886:Mahalakshmi 11803:Shailaputri 11785:Kamalatmika 11775:Bagalamukhi 11259:13 December 11139:1 September 11123:1 September 11079:21 December 11055:21 December 10939:(1): 1–38. 10634:The Puranas 10614:. Concept. 10365:13 December 10122:. Lantern. 9315:. Chicago: 9286:Works cited 9190:Saxena 2012 9064:Lipner 2009 9040:Odisha 2018 9028:Zeidan 2024 8980:Prasad 2008 8908:Grimes 1996 8617:Harlan 1992 8605:Harlan 1992 8581:Harlan 2003 8521:Fuller 2004 8509:Fuller 2004 8432:Diwali 2007 8396:Wadley 2004 8295:Brooks 1990 8254:Brooks 1992 8242:Brooks 1992 8230:Brooks 1990 8218:Brooks 1992 8131:Samuel 2010 8119:Brooks 1990 8092:Brooks 1990 8080:Sharma 2000 7837:Brooks 1992 7726:Rocher 1986 7678:Brooks 1990 7651:Brooks 1990 7639:Brooks 1990 7627:Brooks 1990 7615:Brooks 1990 7472:Saxena 2012 7364:Coburn 1991 7352:Rocher 1986 7340:Coburn 2002 7328:Saxena 2012 6975:Kali Mandir 6692:Manasarovar 6665:Kanyakumari 6442:Uttarakhand 6406:West Bengal 6366:Jivanmukta, 6356:Soteriology 6253:Metaphysics 6148:Significant 6142:Key concept 6075:References 5989:Vaishnavism 5913:Samaleswari 5760:Jagaddhatri 5634:Mahishasura 5608:, forms of 5564:Ramakrishna 5352:West Bengal 5346:(Family of 5331:brahmanical 5185:(family of 5169:(family of 5163:South India 5157:(family of 5098:Tararahasya 5075:Kali Tantra 4971:Bagalamukhi 4902:, Indonesia 4597:, like the 4516:Devi Purana 4453:schools of 4312:Mahabharata 4242:Devi Suktam 4082:Vaishnavism 3837:and Judaism 3833:and Sikhism 3801:Iconography 3726:Nationalism 3719:Persecution 3503:Shiva Stuti 3397:Yoga Sutras 3227:Agni Purana 3129:Other texts 3120:Mahabharata 2863:Atharvaveda 2760:Vivekananda 2685:Rama Tirtha 2680:Ramakrishna 2655:Nigamananda 2645:Mahesh Yogi 2521:Sripadaraja 2511:Siddheshwar 2406:Mukundarāja 2386:Madhusūdana 2376:Kanaka Dasa 2301:Chakradhara 2245:Yajnavalkya 2235:Vishvamitra 2104:Pancharatra 2002:Vaisheshika 1958:Ratha Yatra 1906:Janmashtami 1901:Rama Navami 1818:Ritushuddhi 1793:Chudakarana 1783:Nishkramana 1753:Garbhadhana 1722:Pandav Lila 1631:Bhakti yoga 1516:Prāyaścitta 1287:Niti śastra 1135:Bhakti yoga 1114:Vānaprastha 929:Vishvakarma 862:Post-Vedic: 698:Vaishnavism 640:Traditional 376:Ramakrishna 336:Kubjikamata 313:Kula margam 251:other texts 13647:Categories 13333:Kumbh Mela 13301:Gudi Padwa 13246:Durga Puja 13231:Shivaratri 13103:Karnavedha 13083:Namakarana 13045:Tirthatana 12812:Dattatreya 12649:Subhashita 12622:Manusmriti 12499:Dhanurveda 12432:Taittiriya 12417:Kaushitaki 12404:Upanishads 12177:Aparigraha 12079:Philosophy 11876:Taratarini 11823:Skandamata 11697:Maheshvari 11648:Bhadrakali 11508:(1): 1–18. 11380:22 October 11355:13 October 11341:"SriVidya" 11331:13 October 11307:28 January 11235:22 October 11211:22 October 11187:22 October 11163:18 October 11021:4 February 10148:8120829530 9516:. Rodopi. 9427:0791404463 9338:. Albany: 9166:Dalal 2010 9052:Flood 2008 8968:Skoog 1996 8920:Flood 1996 8812:Flood 1996 8749:Gupta 2013 8725:Gonda 1970 8653:White 2003 8468:Dalal 2010 8266:White 2003 7912:Flood 1996 7861:Brown 1998 7801:Brown 1998 7777:Brown 1990 7750:Brown 1998 7738:Brown 1998 7695:Urban 1997 7603:Brown 1998 7555:Dalal 2014 7496:Yadav 2001 7484:Brown 1991 7460:Brown 1991 7242:Brown 1998 7212:Singh 2018 7183:References 6454:Vaishnavas 6399:Demography 6330:Philosophy 6173:Recommends 6167:Recommends 6102:God Vishnu 6013:Maheshvari 5919:, Orissa. 5909:Bali Jatra 5869:or a male 5667:temple in 5606:Navadurgas 5515:Durga Puja 5432:Mahavidyas 5312:Kaulachara 5281:paramparas 5264:Sri Chakra 5253:Sri Chakra 5233:Sri Chakra 5220:Sri Chakra 5205:Tamil Nadu 5192:sampradaya 5165:, and the 5120:Vidyāpīṭha 5110:Tantrasara 5002:Navadurgas 4947:Mahavidyas 4926:, various 4888:ishta-devi 4698:anthology 4672:school of 4530:(from the 4500:Scriptures 4299:Upanishads 4175:Durga puja 4106:Maheshvari 4017:, various 3677:Varna-less 3549:Tiruppukal 3510:Vayu Stuti 3474:Panchadasi 3467:Swara yoga 3355:Kama Sutra 3294:Dhanurveda 2954:Taittiriya 2932:Yajurveda: 2924:Kaushitaki 2901:Upanishads 2893:Upanishads 2817:Scriptures 2665:Prabhupada 2581:Vidyaranya 2466:Ram Charan 2441:Prabhākara 2356:Jayatīrtha 2311:Dadu Dayal 2306:Chāngadeva 2165:Bharadwaja 2155:Ashtavakra 1921:Kumbh Mela 1869:Durga Puja 1798:Karnavedha 1778:Nāmakaraṇa 1707:Yakshagana 1636:Karma yoga 1626:Jnana yoga 1621:Hatha yoga 1558:Meditation 1531:Tirthadana 1312:Aparigraha 1168:Paramātman 1153:Liberation 1145:Karma yoga 1140:Jnana yoga 869:Dattatreya 669:Traditions 594:Historical 447:Durga Puja 268:Ramprasadi 13556:Theosophy 13487:Mythology 13467:Criticism 13435:Etymology 13393:Svādhyāya 13292:New Year 13241:Navaratri 13213:Festivals 13191:Grihastha 13164:Kshatriya 13138:Antyeshti 13113:Upanayana 13078:Jatakarma 13068:Pumsavana 13055:Sanskaras 13020:Naivedhya 12974:Practices 12919:Mahavidya 12887:Saraswati 12874:Goddesses 12832:Kartikeya 12729:Athichudi 12684:Tirumurai 12537:Vyākaraṇa 12504:Natyaveda 12452:Chandogya 12377:Divisions 12358:Yajurveda 11838:Mahagauri 11833:Kalaratri 11828:Katyayani 11818:Kushmanda 11795:Navadurga 11770:Dhumavati 11732:Mahavidya 11707:Vaishnavi 11636:Navadurga 11606:Saraswati 11426:13 August 11401:13 August 11370:The Hindu 11245:"Shaivas" 10867:(2014) . 9927:162925746 9484:. Delhi: 9229:Keul 2012 9178:Keul 2012 8545:Lang 2009 7960:Kali 2003 7520:Vive 2021 7436:108u 2022 7424:Duaj 2022 7412:Duvm 2023 7400:Dura 2016 7188:Citations 7018:Vajrayana 7002:feminists 6967:Australia 6422:Jharkhand 6352:Salvation 6225:Free will 6180:Rituals, 6105:God Shiva 6009:Vaishnavi 5952:Gilgamesh 5928:Rajasthan 5917:Sambalpur 5807:Meenakshi 5776:, during 5734:Kali Puja 5726:Deepavali 5638:Sarasvati 5597:Navaratri 5590:Navaratri 5584:Navaratri 5576:Festivals 5511:Kali Puja 5293:vamamarga 5273:srichakra 5209:Sri Lanka 5134:Kulamārga 5128:Kulamārga 5006:Navaratri 4967:Dhumavati 4936:Mahavidya 4900:Prambanan 4683:Devi Gita 4666:Devi Gita 4652:Devi Gita 4605:Devi Gita 4595:Devi Gita 4587:Devi Gita 4576:Devi Gita 4457:, called 4403:Ardhanari 4316:Harivamsa 4287:Prajapati 4149:like the 4102:Vaishnavi 4062:Kulamārga 4039:Saraswati 4027:Mahavidya 3973:romanized 3851:Criticism 3845:and Islam 3806:Mythology 3659:Kshatriya 3591:Athichudi 3528:Tirumurai 3446:Tirumurai 3055:Vyākaraṇa 2991:Chandogya 2983:Samaveda: 2871:Divisions 2849:Yajurveda 2809:Ātmatuṣṭi 2765:Yogananda 2740:Trailanga 2735:Sivananda 2600:Aurobindo 2586:Vyasaraja 2551:Tyagaraja 2501:Sankardev 2471:Ramananda 2366:Jñāneśvar 2341:Harivansh 2326:Gaudapada 2291:Chaitanya 2230:Vashistha 2200:Patanjali 2180:Jamadagni 2099:Vaishnava 2087:Pashupata 1864:Navaratri 1841:Festivals 1808:Upanayana 1773:Jatakarma 1758:Pumsavana 1677:Kuchipudi 1672:Kathakali 1641:Rāja yoga 1575:Samādhāna 1456:Prarthana 1430:Practices 1357:Svādhyāya 961:Mythology 956:Cosmology 949:Worldview 894:Kartikeya 825:Prajapati 764:Saraswati 457:Kali Puja 442:Navaratri 409:Kundalini 393:Practices 326:Kalikulam 299:Vamachara 164:Saraswati 139:Mahavidya 112:(Supreme) 42:Vaishnavi 13653:Shaktism 13612:Category 13563:Glossary 13531:Buddhism 13497:Hindutva 13457:Calendar 13338:Haridwar 13316:Vaisakhi 13311:Puthandu 13201:Sannyasa 13118:Keshanta 12949:Shashthi 12785:Trimurti 12612:Nitisara 12585:Ramayana 12580:Itihasas 12552:Jyotisha 12494:Ayurveda 12486:Upavedas 12467:Mandukya 12412:Aitareya 12394:Aranyaka 12389:Brahmana 12363:Samaveda 12288:Charvaka 12088:Concepts 12069:Timeline 12061:Glossary 12044:Hinduism 11992:Hinduism 11871:Kamakhya 11866:Kalighat 11760:Bhairavi 11722:Chamunda 11692:Brahmani 11684:Matrikas 11643:Mahakali 11601:Mahadevi 11572:Shaktism 11520:Shaktism 11283:10 March 11269:"Hindus" 11197:"Diwali" 11149:"Shakta" 11034:Websites 11015:Archived 10955:(2004). 10632:(1986). 10485:(2000). 10052:Archived 10042:10 March 10036:Archived 9994:(2014). 8992:Pew 2012 8761:Eng 2008 7996:Ooi 2004 7376:Viv 2021 7118:See also 7012:Buddhism 6990:Srividya 6959:Americas 6935:Guwahati 6629:Jwala Ji 6214:Optional 6195:Optional 6159:Monastic 6044:Smartism 5993:Shaivism 5932:Navratri 5898:en masse 5614:Dusshera 5557:shamanic 5535:Ugratara 5490:Tarapith 5486:Calcutta 5482:Kalighat 5384:Kalikula 5376:Chamunda 5344:Kalikula 5268:Sri Meru 5260:Sri Meru 5228:Srividya 5167:Kalikula 5138:Kāpālika 4959:Bhairavi 4940:pantheon 4932:Buddhist 4908:Yogamaya 4867:Rigveda 4832:Unknown 4829:Rigveda 4659:, Book 7 4391:states: 4379:Mahadevi 4349:Theology 4259:— 4237:Rig Veda 4086:Shaivism 4035:Mahadevi 4031:pantheon 4023:Buddhist 3964:Sanskrit 3922:Shaktism 3864:Glossary 3796:Calendar 3731:Hindutva 3654:Brahmana 3325:samhitas 3317:Shastras 3287:Ayurveda 3278:Upavedas 3113:Ramayana 3104:Itihasas 3070:Jyotisha 3037:Vedangas 3021:Mandukya 2917:Aitareya 2909:Rigveda: 2888:Aranyaka 2883:Brahmana 2856:Samaveda 2571:Valluvar 2566:Vallabha 2546:Tulsidas 2476:Ramanuja 2426:Nayanars 2411:Namadeva 2253:Medieval 2195:Kashyapa 2111:Charvaka 2082:Kapalika 1946:Puthandu 1936:Vaisakhi 1833:Antyesti 1813:Keshanta 1737:Adimurai 1732:Silambam 1697:Sattriya 1682:Manipuri 1367:Mitahara 1347:Santosha 1307:Achourya 1119:Sannyasa 1109:Gṛhastha 968:Ontology 942:Concepts 730:Trimurti 693:Smartism 688:Shaktism 683:Shaivism 557:Hinduism 549:a series 547:Part of 349:Scholars 321:Srikulam 154:Matrikas 110:Mahadevi 73:Shaktism 65:a series 63:Part of 54:Chamunda 38:Matrikas 13601:Outline 13551:Sikhism 13546:Judaism 13541:Jainism 13422:Related 13398:Namaste 13251:Ramlila 13181:Ashrama 13169:Vaishya 13159:Brahmin 12982:Worship 12934:Rukmini 12924:Matrika 12897:Parvati 12892:Lakshmi 12882:Tridevi 12837:Krishna 12822:Hanuman 12817:Ganesha 12768:Deities 12654:Tantras 12644:Stotras 12597:Puranas 12542:Nirukta 12532:Chandas 12527:Shiksha 12519:Vedanga 12472:Prashna 12462:Mundaka 12384:Samhita 12353:Rigveda 12284:Nāstika 12269:Advaita 12256:Vedanta 12251:Mīmāṃsā 12231:Samkhya 12219:Schools 12207:Akrodha 12126:Saṃsāra 12106:Ishvara 12096:Brahman 11892:More... 11780:Matangi 11717:Indrani 11702:Kaumari 11616:Parvati 11611:Lakshmi 11583:History 11522:at the 11489:1463045 11416:CNN.com 9919:1062467 7130:Tridevi 7082:Sikhism 7076:Jainism 7070:Jainism 7061:Matrika 7006:New Age 6917:Kolkata 6446:Gujarat 6426:Tripura 6345:Advaita 6341:Samkhya 6285:Pramana 6257:Brahman 6246:Affirms 6243:Affirms 6240:Affirms 6237:Affirms 6208:Affirms 6192:Affirms 6189:Affirms 6186:Affirms 6170:Accepts 6164:Accepts 6118:Creator 6025:Parvati 6017:Lakshmi 5981:Krishna 5936:Kuldevi 5803:Madurai 5778:Ganesha 5745:gopuram 5661:Ashadha 5653:Chaitra 5553:tantric 5543:sadhana 5519:mantras 5437:Kaumari 5183:Srikula 5155:Srikula 5148:Worship 5067:tantras 4993:Yoginis 4975:Matangi 4912:Gayatri 4792:Rigveda 4696:Muktikā 4670:Samkhya 4536:). The 4447:Samkhya 4291:Purusha 4264:Sukta, 4251:Brahman 4074:Krishna 4058:tantric 4043:Lakshmi 4007:Parvati 3988:godhead 3975:: 3869:Outline 3664:Vaishya 3632:Society 3483:Stotras 3134:Puranas 3060:Nirukta 3050:Chandas 3045:Shiksha 3028:Prashna 3014:Mundaka 2878:Samhita 2842:Rigveda 2705:Samarth 2541:Tukaram 2486:Ravidas 2225:Valmiki 2175:Jaimini 2145:Angiras 2140:Agastya 2132:Ancient 2018:Advaita 2012:Vedanta 2007:Mīmāṃsā 1987:Samkhya 1874:Ramlila 1616:Sādhanā 1506:Tarpana 1491:Kīrtana 1486:Bhajana 1437:Worship 1362:Shaucha 1337:Akrodha 1183:Saṃsāra 1047:Ishvara 1016:Nirguna 1011:Brahman 975:Tattvas 899:Krishna 884:Hanuman 879:Ganesha 815:Chandra 810:Ashvins 774:Parvati 769:Lakshmi 756:Tridevi 722:Deities 629:Śramaṇa 609:History 590:Origins 580:History 285:Schools 216:Tripura 189:Tantras 159:Lakshmi 129:Parvati 102:Deities 91:History 50:Indrani 13622:Portal 13526:Baháʼí 13430:Hindus 13408:Tilaka 13377:Others 13353:Ujjain 13348:Prayag 13343:Nashik 13283:Pongal 13221:Diwali 13174:Shudra 13133:Vivaha 13040:Dhyāna 13015:Bhajan 13005:Bhakti 12990:Temple 12944:Shakti 12852:Varuna 12795:Vishnu 12790:Brahma 12639:Sutras 12575:Agamas 12331:Smriti 12262:Dvaita 12227:Āstika 12172:Asteya 12167:Ahimsa 12153:Moksha 12138:Dharma 12051:topics 11997:Tantra 11861:Bimala 11712:Varahi 11626:Shakti 11487: 10982: 10963: 10920: 10853: 10832: 10813: 10792: 10773: 10754: 10735: 10716: 10697: 10678: 10659: 10640: 10618: 10599: 10580: 10561: 10542: 10521: 10502: 10471: 10452: 10422: 10401: 10382: 10334: 10315: 10296: 10277: 10237: 10218: 10183: 10164: 10145: 10126: 10107: 10088: 10069: 10028: 10007: 9980: 9961: 9942: 9925: 9917: 9883: 9861: 9842: 9823: 9804: 9785: 9764: 9745: 9701: 9680: 9661: 9640: 9619: 9600: 9579: 9558: 9539: 9520: 9501: 9443: 9424: 9405: 9386: 9365: 9346: 9323: 7098:Chandi 6981:; and 6963:Europe 6957:, the 6450:castes 6430:Punjab 6418:Odisha 6369:Charya 6203:Ahimsa 6182:Bhakti 6138:Avatar 6121:Vishnu 6001:Vishnu 5997:shakti 5944:Renuka 5924:Rajput 5878:tantra 5859:India. 5793:. The 5730:Kartik 5721:Diwali 5711:Diwali 5677:Varahi 5630:Bengal 5602:Sharad 5523:yantra 5498:bhakti 5452:Śītalā 5442:Manasa 5419:Bheema 5414:Chandi 5393:moksha 5380:Chandi 5372:Kerala 5364:Odisha 5323:Samaya 5298:Samaya 5256:yantra 5201:Kerala 5055:diksha 5029:yantra 5023:mantra 4979:Kamala 4977:, and 4918:, and 4883:Shakti 4562:Tantra 4554:bhasya 4546:, the 4524:, the 4482:bhakti 4357:powers 4337:. The 4244:hymn: 4145:, and 4125:Smriti 4094:Vishnu 4090:shakti 3999:Shakti 3669:Shudra 3487:stutis 3323:, and 3321:sutras 2975:Maitri 2700:Ramdas 2593:Modern 2526:Surdas 2391:Madhva 2316:Eknath 2286:Basava 2281:Alvars 2215:Raikva 2205:Pāṇini 2190:Kapila 2185:Kanada 2170:Gotama 2077:Shaiva 2025:Dvaita 1926:Pongal 1849:Diwali 1828:Vivaha 1692:Odissi 1667:Kathak 1606:Yogini 1570:Dhyana 1521:Tirtha 1476:Bhakti 1466:Temple 1461:Śrauta 1342:Arjava 1302:Ahimsa 1297:Niyama 1280:Ethics 1088:Moksha 1073:Dharma 1021:Saguna 919:Shakti 904:Kubera 850:Varuna 830:Pushan 743:Vishnu 738:Brahma 575:Hindus 424:Yantra 419:Tantra 194:Yogini 149:Lalita 124:Shakti 46:Varahi 13536:Islam 13514:India 13403:Bindi 13386:Other 13326:Ugadi 13321:Vishu 13154:Varna 13035:Tapas 13025:Yajna 12995:Murti 12929:Radha 12909:Durga 12904:Bhumi 12847:Surya 12827:Indra 12800:Shiva 12562:Other 12547:Kalpa 12437:Katha 12341:Vedas 12326:Śruti 12311:Texts 12241:Nyaya 12197:Damah 12187:Satya 12143:Artha 12121:Karma 12111:Atman 12065:Index 11903:Texts 11653:Radha 11631:Durga 11485:JSTOR 11448:(PDF) 10933:Numen 10895:(PDF) 10883:(PDF) 10872:(PDF) 10359:(PDF) 10352:(PDF) 10262:(PDF) 10255:(PDF) 10001:(PDF) 9923:S2CID 9915:JSTOR 7142:Notes 7000:Some 6462:Radha 6434:Jammu 6414:Bihar 6410:Assam 6381:Jnana 6373:Kriyā 6261:Atman 6233:Karma 6151:Minor 6145:Minor 6124:Shiva 6005:Shiva 5985:bhava 5977:Radha 5875:Kaula 5768:Gauri 5753:India 5669:Jammu 5628:. 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