Salary cap - Knowledge

616:. Starting with that season, each team is required to spend a minimum of 88.8% of the cap in cash on player compensation, and 90% in future years. However, the floor is based on total cash spent over each of two four-year periods, the first running from 2013 to 2016 and the second from 2017 to 2020. A team can be under the floor in one or more seasons in a cycle without violating the CBA, as long as its total spending during the four-year period reaches the required percentage of the cap. This allows for unforeseen circumstances such as career ending injuries or unexpected player retirements to not result in an immediate penalty. As a result, teams are not forced to immediately take on a replacement for missing players which allows them to use more organic approaches such as a trade, free agency acquisition or the draft. 718:

section of the agreement regarding player compensation. He highlights that two major changes came from the 2011 collective bargaining agreement. One major change was rookie wage scale and how their selection in the draft notably affected their compensation and playing time. The second change was a limit placed on the first-year salary for players. Although these changes led to a higher first-year compensation for rookies-especially those selected in the first two rounds–they ultimately resulted in decreased salaries in the years after. Keefer concluded that there were diminishing returns. Overall, the 2011 collective bargaining agreement resulted in a negative effect on player salaries. This effect has led to a restructured management of rookie contracts over the last decade.

1391:

over the tax threshold, which remains at a level above the actual cap. The scheme is not cumulative—each level of tax applies only to amounts over that level's threshold. For example, a team that is $ 8 million over the tax threshold pays $ 1.50 for each of its first $ 5 million over the tax threshold, and $ 1.75 per dollar for the remaining $ 3 million. In addition, "repeat offenders", subject to additional tax penalties, are defined as teams that paid tax in four of the five previous seasons. As in the previous CBA, the tax revenue is divided among teams with lower payrolls. However, under the new scheme, no more than 50% of the total tax revenue can go exclusively to teams that did not go over the cap; the use of the remaining 50% was not specified in the new agreement.

2841:

the cap. Additionally, players' values for purposes of the cap are not based on their publicised salaries, but are instead determined by an NBL panel. Also, the points system in place for the previous 13 seasons was scrapped; in its place, a salary cap provision was added requiring that all teams have at least one group of five players with a collective cap value of no more than A$ 400,000. Second, the Marquee Player rule was modified with regard to "non-restricted" players; the cap charge for a qualifying player who fills the marquee player slot is now $ 150,000, regardless of his actual salary. Since that season, "non-restricted" players have been defined as all Australians and New Zealanders, plus one player per team from another country that is a member of either

2086:, such as 2015–16, gives teams a credit for each player in the squad participating in the competition, helping them to manage their reduced squads in the season's early weeks. This credit was £30,000 in the 2011–12 season, and rose to £35,000 for 2015–16. In addition, each club has a separate salary cap for its academy players (£200,000 prior to 2015–16, reduced to £100,000 thereafter, but with home-grown players no longer counting under this cap), and is allowed to provide an unlimited educational fund to enable its players to pursue university or vocational training. Finally, each club has a separate cap of £400,000 for use in signing replacements for players lost to long-term injuries (12 weeks or more). 710:

misinterpreted. This misinterpretation comes from the disparities in organizational structures across the leagues. In his study, Andrew Zimbalist collects compensation logistics for athletes. He subsequently relates it to overall revenue generated by a sports organization. The concept of adjusted data analytics is used in this study to compare the salary and revenue shares of the National Football League, National Hockey League, National Basketball Association, and Major League Baseball. In all, Zimbalist analyzes how salary caps have impacted controlling player costs. The study shows how the cap has affected the way organizations invest in and compensate their players.

1361:

bolting to another team. The "Larry Bird" provision of the salary cap gave the player's current team an advantage over other teams in free agent negotiations, thus increasing the chances that a player would stay with his current team. The provision tended to result in most teams being over the cap at any given time. Teams that violated the cap rules faced fines of up to $ 5 million, cancellation of contracts and loss of draft picks, and are prohibited from signing free agents for more than the league minimum. The NBA also has a salary floor, but teams are not penalized as long as their total payroll exceeds the floor at the end of the season.

722:

geared towards establishing a relationship between performance and payroll. A positive relationship between on-field performance and increased payroll was found. Mondello and Maxcy also found a relationship between on-field performance and salary dispersion. Team revenue production, analyzed as a means to measure team performance, was also used in this analysis. Mondello and Maxcy's findings suggest that incentive pay is effective when a pay structure differentiates players based on productivity and quality of performance. The findings in their study have implications that could expand across different sports leagues.

320:

can win consistently and challenge for the championship, many contests will be blowouts by the superior team, reducing the sport's attractiveness for fans at the stadium and television viewers. Television is an important revenue source for many leagues worldwide; the more evenly matched and exciting the contests, the more interesting the television product, and the higher the value of the television broadcast rights. An unbalanced league will also threaten its weaker teams' financial viability: fans of the weaker clubs will gravitate to other sports and leagues if their teams have no long-term hope of winning.

3570: 361:

caps, there is a risk that teams will overspend for immediate victory at the expense of long-term stability. Team owners who use the same risk-benefit analysis used in business may risk both the fortunes of their own team and the reputation and viability of the whole league. Sports fans often seek to support a team for life, not merely for the short term. If teams regularly go bankrupt or change markets as businesses do, fans may deem the whole sport unstable and lose interest, switching support to a more stable sport in which long-term stability is more likely.

714:

regulations that have come from the salary cap. It was concluded that there is a positive correlation between salary and games started. An increase in salary cap value results an increase in games started for the players who were selected in the first two rounds of the draft. Despite no acknowledgeable differences in productivity, the salary cap enables first round selections to receive compensation premiums and signing bonuses. These benefits result in those particular players starting more games than players who weren't selected early on in the draft.

726:

and perceived fairness of player compensation. The data collected also shows that teams who implement the super-star approach to personnel decisions were worse on average when compared to teams who took a different approach. Borghesi shows how the most successful approach to player compensation and salary cap management is to concentrate on players' salaries on a group level. The super-star approach to player compensation leads to a lack of success on the field due to the dissatisfaction among players who recognize a substantial inequality in salaries.

3813: 3774: 665:

favor cheaper, less experienced prospects with growth potential, with an aim to having a group of players who quickly develop into their prime while still being on cheaper contracts than their peers. To offset this tendency which pushed out veteran players, including those who became fan favorites, the players' association accepted an arrangement where a veteran player who receives no bonuses in his contract may be paid the veteran minimum of up to $ 810,000, while accounting for only $ 425,000 in salary-cap space (a 47.5% discount).

4221: 4173: 4125: 3954: 3903: 3620: 3531: 3439: 9707: 2408:, but its authority over the domestic leagues is very limited. Although UEFA could, in theory, impose a salary cap, it would only apply to UEFA's club competitions and to the portion of each team's payroll paid to players registered with UEFA. A wealthy Champions League team could then sign players who would play exclusively in domestic competitions. In other sports that have a single governing body which oversees a single premier competition, the power to enforce salary cap rules is much greater. 2185:. For 2013–14, the cap was increased to €10 million, and in addition youth players are excluded from the cap unless their salaries are more than €50,000. The €10 million total cap remained in place for three seasons (through 2015–16); the agreement allowed for the threshold for exclusion of youth players to be adjusted before any of those seasons, but no such adjustment was made. The €10 million cap was later extended through the 2018–19 season. Additionally, each club that has a member of the 4209: 4161: 4113: 4073: 4036: 3942: 3608: 3519: 3479: 3427: 1387:

be eligible to sign an extension of up to 5 years at 35% of the cap, a salary normally allowed only for players with 10 or more years in the league. Such an extension can only be offered by the team that had the player under contract in the immediately preceding season. A team can use this extension on either a player under contract or its own free agent, but only if the signing team had originally drafted the player or obtained him in a trade during his rookie contract.

3825: 327:, a baseball league that operated in 1884. The Association was dominated by the St. Louis Maroons, whose owner, Henry Lucas, was also league president (an obvious conflict-of-interest situation which is now banned), and bought all the best players for his own franchise, leaving the Maroons to easily win the pennant with a record of 94–19 (.832 winning percentage), 21 games ahead of their nearest rivals. The league folded at the end of the season. 1990:

per year in "allocation money" (which can be traded) to supplement the salaries of select players. For 2023, the team cap was further raised to $ 1.375 million, and allocation money increased to $ 600,000. Also, the maximum salary was redefined as a "maximum cap charge", which includes all team-provided compensation in the player's contract, excluding benefits provided to all league players. The maximum cap charge was set for 2023 at $ 200,000.

1473:

contract (with a credit for any salary paid by a future team), that salary was no longer counted for purposes of the cap or luxury tax calculations. This provision could be used only once per team during the duration of the CBA, which was originally a 10-year deal but allowed either side to opt out in 2017. The "amnesty" provision was eliminated in the 2017 CBA, which was agreed to by the owners and players shortly before the opt-out date.

2853:

league identifies young prospects preparing to graduate from secondary school and offers them NBL contracts at a first-year salary of A$ 100,000, plus housing and transport allowances. Players who sign "Next Stars" contracts are then allocated among the league's teams, with each team receiving an extra import roster slot intended to be filled by a "Next Star". As these slots are funded by the NBL, they do not count against the salary cap.

1280:

theory, prevents a team from paying a player different amounts each year in order to load his cap hit in years in which the team has more cap room. Teams still use this practice, however, for other reasons. Performance bonuses also count towards the cap, but there is a percentage a team is allowed to go over the cap in order to pay bonuses. A team must still factor in possible bonus payments, however, which could go over that percentage.

1029: 496: 375: 706:

a whole. It has proven to be an obstacle in the pursuit of sustained success. Since 1994, The National Football League has only experienced a handful of repeat Super Bowl appearances. In one of his most prominent studies, James Carrey researched salary and performance data across the NFL over a 10-year period. Ultimately, his study showed that strategic management of player compensation directly resulted in an increase in wins.

3864: 3735: 3657: 3997: 3696: 2780:(which debuted in 2020–21), were allowed a higher cap of $ 2.433 million. The league also has a salary floor, set at 90% of the cap. The Salary Cap applies to the 20 to 23 Players that Clubs have registered to their A-League Men Player Roster. Unless specifically exempt, all payments and benefits (e.g. cars, accommodation, etc.) provided by a Club to a Player are included in the club's Salary Cap. 2097:. First, the cap increased to £4.26 million before academy credits and up to £4.5 million with credits. The most significant change was that each team could now sign one player whose salary did not count against the cap, similar to the Designated Player Rule in MLS. The player so designated, which the Premiership calls an "excluded player", had to meet one of the following three criteria: 1985:

players allocated to league rosters were paid by the USSF or CSA, these players remained subject to a modified form of the cap. U.S. federation players had a specified cap value of $ 33,000, with Canadian federation players having a cap value of $ 27,500 or their actual salary, whichever is lower. The national team allocation system was eliminated after the 2021 season. The league and

560:, which was long a standard clause in professional sports player contracts in the United States. The clause forbade a player from negotiations with another team without the permission of the team holding that player's rights even after the contract's term was completed. This system began to unravel in the 1970s due largely to the activism of players' unions, and the threat of 1338:, when one was instituted in an attempt to level the playing field among all of the NBA's teams and ensure competitive balance for the Association in the future. Before the cap was reinstated, teams could spend whatever amount of money they wanted on players, but in the first season under the new cap, they were each limited to $ 3.6 million in total payroll. Under the 2005 1369:

years' experience, the maximum salary threshold began at 25% of the salary cap, with annual increases of up to 10.5% possible beyond that for players re-signed by their original team, or 8% annual increases for free agents that signed with new teams. For players of greater experience, the salary limit was higher – but the 10.5% limit on annual increases remained the same.

657:

salary cap prevented teams with superior finances from engaging in the formerly widespread practice of stocking as much talent on the roster as possible by placing younger players on reserve lists with false injuries while they develop into NFL-capable players. In this respect, the cap functions as a supplement to the 55-player roster limit (up from 53 since 2020) and

1502:), an arrangement in which teams whose total payroll exceeds a certain figure (determined annually) are taxed on the excess amount in order to discourage large market teams from having a substantially higher payroll than the rest of the league. The tax was first instituted in 1997 and is paid to the league, which then puts the money into its industry-growth fund. 338:, who lost only three games in four years and won every championship in the league's four-year existence, being unbeaten in 1948, and winning three of the championships in blowouts. This resulted in a consistent fall in attendance and heavy losses after the league's second season, for the Browns as well as their rivals, and the league folded at the end of 1949. 2704:, decided in 2011 to introduce the salary cap because of financial pressures. Originally starting in 2012 as a cap of A$ 4.1 million, it was later raised to $ 4.5 million for the 2013 and 2014 seasons to take pressure off the teams' ability to recruit and retain players. The salary cap has been key component of negotiations between Rugby Australia and the 1379:

remain at 25, 30, or 35% of the cap, depending on years of service. These provisions remained intact in the 2017 CBA. Under the current CBA, a player coming off his rookie scale contract, who would normally be eligible to receive a salary of 25% of the cap, is eligible to receive 30% if he has been named MVP in any of the previous three seasons; named the

2159:. Previously, the only restrictions on team salaries were that wage bills were limited to 50% of turnover and that 10% of the salary budget had to be held in reserve. Along with the announcement of the cap, LNR also declared that the reserve requirement would be raised to 20%, with the previous limitation of 50% of turnover remaining in effect. 628:

the projected cost of player benefits for the season then divided by the total number of teams to determine the salary cap for a given season. Since its introduction the salary cap has increased each season (with the exception of the 2021 season due to a decrease of league revenues in the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic). In

1284:(or less than) that of the injured player, even if the additional players would put the team over the salary cap. If the team's cap room is larger than the injured player's cap hit, they may take on as much as their cap room; however, the injured player may not return to play until the team is again compliant with the original cap. 1288:

buy out players' contracts, but must still pay a portion of the money still owed which is spread out over twice the remaining duration of the contract. This does not apply for players over 35 at the time of signing; in this case a team cannot buy out the player's contract to reduce salary. Any other player can be bought out for

2735:, faced a salary cap in 2013 that was the lesser of $ NZ 1.35 million or 36% of the union's commercial revenue. Maximum player salaries are $ 55,000, and minimum salaries are $ 18,000. In August 2013, it was announced that the cap would be further reduced, with the team cap for the 2015 season set to $ 1.025 million. 1727:

are based on the minimum salaries for individual players of various levels of experience that are written into MLB's collective bargaining agreement. The players' union has also historically been vehemently opposed to a team salary floor, considering any floor proposal to be a prelude to a later request for a cap.

620:

the salary floor regulations does not result in any fines or competitive penalties; instead, deficiencies are placed into a pool and distributed among all players who were on the regular roster of the offending team during a four-year floor cycle, prorated according to time on the roster in said period.

2840:

Effective with the 2016–17 season, several significant changes were made to the cap scheme. First, the cap was changed from a hard cap of A$ 1 million to a soft cap of $ 1.1 million. Teams exceeding the cap are required to pay "salary equalisation" (effectively a luxury tax) equal to the amount above

2836:

On May 9, 2014, in order to help attract high-calibre imports or offer financial incentive for local stars considering overseas opportunities, the NBL introduced a marquee player rule. It originally allowed a team to nominate one player whose salary was paid outside the cap, with a 25% Marquee Player

2783:

Each team can sign two "marquee players" and one "guest player", the latter of whom can only play for a maximum of 14 matches in a season, whose salaries are excluded from the team's salary cap. A-League Men has also introduced a "junior marquee" for eligible under-23-year-old players with the aim of

2479:, trying to force British clubs to pay wages in Euros so that their payrolls could not exceed a cap would have met with opposition from clubs since their revenues are collected in pounds, and could have provoked political opposition from Britons determined to prevent the Euro from replacing the pound. 1390:

Substantial changes were made in 2011 to the luxury tax regime. The dollar-for-dollar tax provisions of the 2005 CBA remained in effect through the 2012–13 season. Starting in 2013–14, the tax changed to an incremental system. Tax is now assessed at different levels based on the amount that a team is

1386:

These criteria are the same that determine eligibility for a new type of contract introduced with the 2017 CBA—the Designated Veteran Player Extension (DVPE), popularly known as a "supermax" contract. Players entering their eighth or ninth season in the league who meet the aforementioned criteria may

1315:

Players, agents or employees found to have violated the cap face fines between $ 250,000 to $ 1 million or suspension. Teams found to have violated the cap can face fines of up to $ 5 million, cancellation of contracts, forfeiture of draft picks, deduction of points and forfeiture of games determined

1208:

revolved primarily around players' salaries. The league contended that its clubs spent about 75% of revenues on salaries, a percentage far higher than existed in other North American sports; NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman demanded "cost certainty" and presented the NHLPA with several concepts that the

717:

The salary cap, and the regulations that are a part of it, come from the NFL collective bargaining agreement. This is an agreement between the league and its player association that discusses the sharing of revenue and other compensation rules. Quinn Keefer, in his analysis, primarily focusses on the

3192:

Maximum possible cap after academy credits. Base value of cap in local currency, before credits, is 7.0m. Does not include separate caps for academy players and injury replacements, credits for Rugby World Cup squad members in World Cup seasons, or £80,000 "bonus" per England national team member on

2956:

600 million (US$ 91.7 million at March 2021 exchange rates), with a separate cap of €10 million (US$ 12.1 million) on total wages of foreign players. Individual player salaries are also capped at RMB 5 million (US$ 765,000) before tax for Chinese players and €3 million (US$ 3.63 million) for foreign

2796:

The breaches of the salary cap and salary floor regulations outlined by the A-League are exceeding the salary cap, falling below the salary floor, not informing the A-League of payments, late or incorrect lodgement or loss of documents relating to player financial and contract details or engaging in

2792:

in North America. Each team can also exclude the salaries of up to four "homegrown players", defined as under-23 players who have come from the club's youth system. Finally, once a player has been with a club for 4 consecutive years as a professional, he is considered a "loyalty player", and as long

2678:

The NRL is one of the few major leagues to implement a salary cap in a sport that has competing leagues in other countries where there is either no salary cap or a much higher cap per club. As a result, at times there has been a tradition of players from Australia moving to Europe where salaries for

2674:

Penalties for players, club officials and agents could include fines of the one and a half times of the amount involved and suspension. Penalties for clubs could include fines of up to triple the amount involved ($ 10,000 for each document that is late or incorrectly lodged or lost) and deduction of

2658:

The National Rugby League adopted a hard salary cap model in its first season in 1998. The NRL's stated purposes for having a salary cap are "to assist in spreading the playing talent" and "ensure that clubs are not put into positions where they are forced to spend more money than they can afford in

2620:

Apart from the AFL, several regional leagues also have salary caps which although widening between them and the AFL and overall less than national competitions, are substantial enough to dictate the movement of semi-professional and professional players between states and the overall playing quality

2582:

Of note in this regard is that the Sydney Swans, playing as South Melbourne until 1981, mostly struggled in the 50 seasons between 1946 and 1995, and made the finals on just four occasions in that time (a finals success rate of 8%). They had not won a premiership since 1933 and had not appeared in a

2439:

at all. A flat payroll limit would therefore equate to aggregate take home pay that varied greatly from one club to the next, which would make it difficult for teams in countries with higher taxation to attract the best players. By comparison, the differences between the tax systems and tax rates of

2379:

The existence of lucrative and prestigious international club competitions encourage clubs to ensure dominance of their national leagues in order to play in the higher-level European leagues. For many top clubs, the domestic league is little more than a stepping stone to the European league. Success

2089:

Through 2011–12, the cap remained at £4 million. However, academy credits were introduced that season. Teams received a £30,000 credit for each home-grown player in their senior squads who was under age 24 at the start of the season and earned more than £30,000, with a maximum of eight such credits.

1661:

While a top tier payroll increases a team's chances of making the playoffs, it does not guarantee they will consistently win championships. On the other hand, the New York Yankees have consistently had the highest total payroll in MLB, and they have appeared in 40 of the 114 World Series for 27 wins

725:

Player compensation across the NFL has been widely examined since 1994. Richard Borghesi analyzed the relationship between player compensation and franchise performance in the league between 1994 and 2004. The evidence gathered from these years shows that team success is dependent on both the actual

705:

The salary cap is defined as a rule that places a limit on the amount of money a team can spend on players' salaries. Since its implementation, it has had a widespread impact on teams and organizations in the sports industry. It has changed how organizations invest in their players and the future as

664:

Generally, the practice of retaining veteran players who had contributed to the team in the past, but whose abilities have declined, became less common in the era of the salary cap. A veteran's minimum salary was required to be higher than a player with lesser experience, which means teams tended to

640:

evenly over the term of the contract. During the offseason and preseason, only the top 51 salary figures are counted towards the cap. Once the 53-man rosters go into effect for the regular season the salaries of all players on the active roster, injured reserve, and practice squad, as well as unpaid

627:

and other networks increased the cap to $ 34.6 million. Both the cap and the floor are determined by a formula that is the league's revenue multiplied by the CBA percentage of the collective bargaining agreement to determine the player revenue share for the season. That value is then subtracted from

235:

competition operate under a unilaterally adopted cap. New Zealand's Super Rugby sides are not subject to a team cap, but are subject to caps and floors on individual player salaries. During the period in which Argentine, Japanese, and South African sides participated in Super Rugby, teams from those

2800:

Penalties for players, club officials or agents could include fines of up to one and one half times the amount involved and suspension. Penalties for clubs could include fines of up to triple the amount involved ($ 7,500 for each document that is late or incorrectly lodged or lost) and deduction of

2742:

The salary cap had been as high as $ 2 million in 2008. However, the competition had generated losses of approximately $ 9.6m in 2007, and salary payments had increased by 75% in the previous four years. Some teams were reported to be in dire financial position, with four teams having payrolls of $

2670:

The breaches of the salary cap and salary floor regulations outlined by the NRL are exceeding the salary cap, falling below the salary floor, not informing the NRL of payments, late or incorrect lodgement or loss of documents relating to player financial and contract details or engaging in contract

2137:

Clubs may now have two excluded players instead of one. Unlike the first slot, which can be used for a player on a team's current roster, the new slot can only be filled by a player who had not been in the Premiership in the 12 months preceding the start of his initial contract with his Premiership

1989:

entered into their first collective bargaining agreement during the 2021–22 offseason. For 2022, the team cap was raised to $ 1.1 million, with standard player salaries limited to between $ 35,000 and $ 75,000. However, in a system similar to that of MLS, each team is also entitled to use $ 500,000

1726:

as an opportunity for MLB to reform its collective bargaining agreement, baseball owners agreed to a new five-year deal in October 2006 that did not include a salary cap. Unlike the other three major North American sports, MLB also has no team salary floor: the only minimum limits for team payrolls

1505:

A team that goes over the luxury tax threshold for the first time in a five-year period pays a penalty of 22.5% of the amount they were over the threshold, second-time violators pay a 30% penalty, and teams that exceed the limit three or more times pay a 50% penalty from 2013 onwards. There is also

1287:

The NHL has become the first of the major North American leagues to implement a hard cap while retaining guaranteed player contracts. Guaranteed player contracts in the NHL differ from other sports, notably the NFL, where teams may opt out of a contract by waiving or cutting a player. NHL teams may

1283:

Salaries for players sent to the minors, under most circumstances, do not count towards the cap while they are there. If a player has a legitimate long-term injury, his cap hit is still counted; however, the team is permitted to replace him with one or more players whose combined salary is equal to

1172:

at the time of the lockout. Until the 1990s, the Canadian teams usually paid player salaries in Canadian dollars, but with the rise of free agency and a decline in the value of Canadian dollar, players and their agents increasingly demanded to be paid in U.S. dollars. Canadian teams' revenues were,

692:

chose to spend money in the spirit of an uncapped year, and in 2012 the Cowboys and Redskins (the top two NFL teams by revenue in 2011) were deducted $ 10 million and $ 36 million respectively from their salary caps, to be spread over the next two seasons. This $ 46 million was subsequently divided

648:

Because of this setup, NFL contracts almost always include the right to cut a player before the beginning of a season. If a player is cut, his salary for the remainder of his contract is neither paid nor counted against the salary cap for that team. A highly sought-after player signing a long-term

619:

The NFL's cap is a hard cap that the teams have to stay under at all times, and the salary floor is also a hard floor. Penalties for violating or circumventing the cap regulations can include fines of up to $ 5 million for each violation, cancellation of contracts and loss of draft picks. Violating

446:

A hard cap represents a maximum amount that may not be exceeded for any reason. Contracts which cause a team to violate a hard cap are subject to major sanctions, including the voiding of violating contracts, and the stripping of championships won while breaching salary cap rules, which happened to

315:

Primarily, an effective salary cap prevents wealthy teams from certain destructive behaviours such as signing a multitude of high-paid star players to prevent their rivals from accessing these players, and ensuring victory through superior economic power. With an effective salary cap, each club has

2722:

Rugby Australia and RUPA later negotiated a new bargaining agreement, running from 2018 to 2020, that made significant changes to previous cap schemes. The 2018 season, coinciding with the transition from five Australian Super Rugby sides to four, was uncapped, but the salary cap returned for 2019

2599:

In 2014, the AFL and its clubs accepted a luxury tax on football department spending (excluding the salary cap) to take effect in 2015 and an overall revenue tax to take effect by 2017. Clubs that exceed the football department cap will pay the AFL the lesser of $ 1 million or 37.5% of the excess,

1683:

championships as an example of parity may be misleading, and playoff appearances may be a better indicator of relative team strength. The playoff system used in baseball comprises a small number of games compared to success over a long season, and has been described as a "crapshoot" by Oakland A's

1360:

who was retained by that team until his retirement under the provisions of this rule. The purpose of this rule was to address fan unease over the frequent changing of teams by players under the free agency system, as fans became displeased over their favorite player on their favorite team suddenly

696:

The actions of the league to punish those teams that were acting within their legal bounds during the uncapped year led to a lawsuit against them by the NFLPA. The case argued that the rest of the league colluded to keep average player salaries from rising in a year they expected them to skyrocket

668:

The salary cap also served to limit the rate of increase of the cost of operating a team. This has accrued to the owners' benefit, and while the initial cap of $ 34.6 million has increased to $ 123 million (maximum in 2009), this is due to large growths of revenue, including merchandising revenues

319:

Leagues need to ensure a degree of parity between teams so that games are exciting for the fans and not a foregone conclusion. Leagues with salary caps generally believe letting richer teams accumulate talent affects the quality of the sporting product they want to sell: if only one or a few teams

3212:

As of 2021, these are the only countries involved in Super Rugby; Argentina, Japan, and South Africa no longer participate in the league. New Zealand imposes a cap on individual player salaries, but does not impose a separate team cap. Two teams that draw players from Pacific Islands will join in

2852:

The 2018–19 season saw another significant change to the cap scheme with the introduction of the NBL's "Next Stars" initiative, targeted mainly at young American players seeking an alternative to U.S. college basketball, plus Australians and New Zealanders considering U.S. college basketball. The

2771:

A-League Men had a salary cap of A$ 2.5 million in its most recently completed 2021–22 season, with the cap set to rise by $ 50,000 in each of the next two seasons. This value had reached $ 3.2 million in 2019–20, but was reduced to $ 2.1 million in 2020–21 due to financial fallout from COVID-19.

2682:

The NRL chooses to continue with the cap, believing that any reduction in quality of the sporting product due to the loss of these players is less than allowing richer clubs to dominate. In practice, the goal of parity has been quite successful, with 12 different clubs winning the 19 premierships

2578:

Another major statistic in regards to the success of the VFL/AFL's cap is that the three richest and most successful clubs, Carlton, Collingwood and Essendon, who won 41 of the premierships between them from 75 Grand Finals in the 90 seasons between 1897 and 1986 (83.3% of all Grand Finals for a

2142:

The cap later increased to a base of £6.5 million with maximum academy credits of £600,000 for the 2016–17 season, and is now at a base of £7 million with the same maximum for academy credits. Additionally, each team receives a credit of £80,000 for each member of the England national team on the

1792:

Since the 2012 season, the cap number for designated players has depended on the players' ages. Since the 2013 season, players 20 or younger have counted $ 150,000 against the cap and those age 21 to 23 have counted $ 200,000, with older players remaining at the standard cap number ($ 368,750 for

1368:

The NBA implemented a maximum salary for individual players. This was done following a dramatic increase in player salaries, in spite of the salary cap, in the mid-1990s. Under the CBA, a player's maximum possible salary increased along with his time of service in the league. For a player of five

721:

Salary dispersion and incentive pay affect team performance across the NFL. Mike Mondello and Joel Maxcy examine this effect through collecting data from the NFL between 2000 and 2007. Mondello and Maxcy performed regression analyses that used both fixed and random effects models. Their study was

652:

Incentive bonuses require a team to pay a player additional money if he achieves a certain goal. For the purposes of the salary cap, bonuses are classified as either "likely to be earned", which requires the amount of the bonus to count against the team's salary cap, or "not likely to be earned",

2832:

1.1 million for each of its eight teams as of the 2016–17 season. In addition, from 2003–04 through 2015–16, the NBL used a "points cap" to encourage spread of talent: players were assigned points on a 1–10 basis each season "based on their performance in the NBL or based on the league they have

2314:

From 2011 to 2012, each team can sign up to two "designated players" whose salaries are not counted against the cap. Up until 2011, the KHL salary cap was a soft cap, with a luxury tax amounting to 30% of the payroll that is over the cap paid to the special stabilization account, which helps KHL

1984:

For 2021, the NWSL team salary cap was $ 682,500, with a cap of $ 52,500 and a floor of $ 22,000 for individual player salaries. In a practice similar to that of MLS, "allocation money" can be used to supplement salaries of selected players. Although the salaries of U.S. and Canada national team

1468:

The midlevel exception itself also changed with the 2011 CBA. The maximum duration of midlevel contracts was reduced from 5 years to 4 for non-taxpaying teams and 3 for taxpaying teams, and maximum allowable raises were also reduced. In addition, the midlevel exception was extended to teams

1279:

Each year of an NHL player contract, the salary earned contributes to the team's "cap hit". The basic cap hit of a contract for each year it is effective is the total money a player will earn in regular salary over the life of the contract divided by the number of years it is effective. This, in

656:

One effect of the salary cap was the release of many higher-salaried veteran players to other teams once their production started to decline from the elite level. On the other hand, many teams have made a practice of using free agents to restock with better personnel more suited to the team. The

644:

In transitions, if a player retires, is traded, or is cut before June 1, all remaining bonus is applied to the salary cap for the current season. If the payroll change occurs after June 1, the current season's bonus proration is unchanged, and the next year's cap must absorb the entire remaining

360:

A salary cap can also help to control the costs of teams, and prevent situations in which a club will sign high-cost contracts for star players in order to reap the benefits of immediate popularity and success, only to later find themselves in financial difficulty because of these costs. Without

2591:

Originally, the cap was only for the Total Player Payments of each club and not the club's football department. This has caused concern in recent years; for instance, three of the four top-spending clubs played in the Preliminary Finals in 2012 and 2013, and the last team to win the premiership

2566:

Penalties for players, club officials or agents could include fines of up to one and a half times the amount involved and suspension. Penalties for clubs include fines of up to triple the amount involved, forfeiture of draft picks or deduction of premiership points. As of 2022, no club has been

2415:

system which allows transfers between these divisions presents challenges to a cap system. A club that is relegated to a lower league after a poor season may find themselves significantly over the lower division cap. Similarly, a promoted club might have to face the challenge of hastily finding

1472:

Under the 2011 CBA, teams were allowed to "amnesty" one player before the start of any season, as long as his current contract was signed during the 2005 CBA. The amnestied player was waived from the team; although the player's former team remained obligated to pay his salary under the old

1464:

Taxpaying teams have additional spending limits under the two most recent agreements (2011 and 2017). They have a smaller "midlevel exception" (another cap provision that allows teams to go over the cap to sign at least one player per season), and can acquire less salary in a trade. Also, since

1378:

The 2011 CBA also reduced the maximum length of a contract by a year, and reduced allowable annual raises. Bird free agents are entitled to 5-year contracts with 7.5% raises; all other players (including sign-and-trade acquisitions) are limited to 4-year deals with 4.5% raises. Maximum salaries

713:

There is a perceived sunk-cost assumption that has arisen from the NFL's salary cap. This assumption underlines an analytical approach on the topic. In one of his studies, Quinn Keefer ran a regression on the structure of the NFL draft. The regression relates playing time amongst players to the

1953:

When the Arena Football League returned in 2010, it instituted a standard salary of $ 400 per game and a salary cap of $ 1.5 million, considerably lower than that paid by teams in the previous AFL; given that the new AFL had a 16-game season in 2010, this effectively means that its players are

1364:

The NBA also uses a "luxury tax" which is triggered if the average team payroll exceeds a certain amount higher than the cap. In this case, the teams with payrolls exceeding a certain threshold had to pay a tax to the league which is divided amongst the teams with lower payrolls. However, this

2900:

Since then, Super Netball's salary cap has risen modestly. The original team cap of A$ 675,000 had been structured with a $ 500,000 cap on playing payments, plus an additional $ 150,000 for club-related employment, educational, and ambassadorial roles, and the balance for health insurance and

2595:

There had been calls for a separate cap for the football department, or to reform the salary cap to include football department spending, but these had been opposed by the wealthier clubs, with Sydney CEO Andrew Ireland saying that the AFL needed to examine the gap between football department

2519:

The cap was set at A$ 1.25 million for 1987–1989 as per VFL agreement, with the salary floor set at 90% of the cap or $ 1.125 million; the salary floor was increased to 92.5% of the cap in 2001, and to 95% of the cap for 2013 onwards due to increased revenues. The salary cap, known officially

2793:

as he remains with that club, part of his salary is excluded from the cap. The percentage of exclusion starts at 12.5% in his fourth season with the club, increases to 25% in his fifth, and increases by 5% in each subsequent season until reaching its maximum value of 50% in his tenth season.

709:

Salary figures across the four major professional sports leagues in the United States can be compared. Doing so better enables one to understand the impact the cap has on a broader scale. Andrew Zimbalist argues that the data collected by revenue analysts across the respective leagues can be

1242:

Revenues for the six Canadian teams that were in the league at the time of the lockout have all increased significantly since then, and because the US dollar fell to relative parity with its Canadian counterpart in the early 2010s, league-wide revenues measured in U.S. dollars were inflated

1657:

A team with a $ 100 million plus payroll has won the World Series 12 times (the 2009 Yankees; the 2004, 2007, 2013 and 2018 Red Sox; the 2011 St. Louis Cardinals; the 2010, 2012 and 2014 San Francisco Giants; the 2015 Kansas City Royals; the 2016 Chicago Cubs; and the 2017 Houston Astros).

1645:

Money collected under the MLB luxury tax are apportioned as follows: The first $ 2,375,400 and 50% of the remaining total are used to fund player benefits, 25% goes to the Industry Growth Fund, and the remaining 25% is used to defray team's funding obligations from player benefits.

653:

which is not counted. A team's salary cap is adjusted downward for NLTBE bonuses that were earned in the previous year but not counted against that year's cap. It is adjusted upward for LTBE bonuses that were not earned in the previous year but were counted against that year's cap.

2558:

The breaches of the salary cap and salary floor regulations are exceeding the TPP, falling below the salary floor, not informing the AFL of payments, late or incorrect lodgement or loss of documents relating to player financial and contract details, or engaging in draft tampering.

1993:

The cap does not include healthcare, which is funded fully by the team; housing, provided by the team either directly or via a stipend of up to $ 3,000 per month; or transportation, specifically by allowing teams to provide each player with a car with a maximum value of $ 50,000.

35:), using them to keep overall costs down, and also to maintain a competitive balance by restricting richer clubs from entrenching dominance by signing many more top players than their rivals. Salary caps can be a major issue in negotiations between league management and players' 2633:: all of its teams are fielded by AFL clubs. The salary cap (Total Player Payments or TPP per club) rose from $ 474,800 in 2019 to $ 717,122 in 2023 with the total competition cap increasing more than 10 times in 6 years from $ 2.3 million in 2017 to $ 32.3 million in 2023. 1229:

The lockout was resolved when the NHLPA agreed to a hard salary cap based on league revenues, with the NHL implementing revenue sharing to allow for a higher cap figure. The NHL salary cap is formally titled the "Upper Limit of the Payroll Range" in the new CBA. For the

1342:, salaries were capped at 57 percent of basketball-related income (BRI) and lasted for six years until June 30, 2011. The next CBA, which took effect in 2011–12, set the cap at 51.2 percent of BRI in 2011–12, with a 49-to-51 band in subsequent years. The salary cap for 632:, the final capped year under that agreement, the cap was $ 128 million per team, while the floor was 87.6% of the cap. Using the formula provided in the league's collective bargaining agreement, the floor in 2009 was $ 112.1 million. Under the NFL's agreement with the 2133:

The maximum possible number of academy credits per club remained at eight, but the per-player credit increased to £50,000. In turn, this means that the effective cap for a club that uses all of its academy credits was increased by £400,000 (instead of £240,000 in past

2666:

said "The cap's there to make sure that pure purchasing power cannot dominate the sport... It means we can genuinely say that all 16 teams ... have a chance. For the fan every week, every game is a contest. That's at the core of why rugby league is so successful."

2608:

The AFL salary cap is occasionally controversial, as it is a soft salary cap and can sometimes be slightly different for each club. Clubs in poor financial circumstances have not always used their full cap, in some circumstances not even reaching the salary floor.

1173:

then as now, mostly in Canadian dollars, and the effects of the discrepancy were particularly acute for the small market franchises. The financial difficulties and uncertainties of competing in smaller Canadian markets led to two clubs moving to the U.S.; the

1751:

Roster spots 19 and 20 are not required to be filled, and teams may spread their salary budget across only 18 players. A minimum salary budget charge ($ 67,500 in 2018) will be imputed against a team's salary budget for each unfilled senior roster spot below

470:

salary floor that requires teams to meet the salary floor every year, which helps prevent teams from using the salary cap to minimize costs. This also ensures that money from revenue sharing is used for player salaries instead of being pocketed by owners.

31:) is an agreement or rule that places a limit on the amount of money that a team can spend on players' salaries. It exists as a per-player limit or a total limit for the team's roster, or both. Several sports leagues have implemented salary caps (mostly 2375:

from prohibiting the signing of EU players from other nations, or even from limiting their numbers. Therefore, if one league imposed a strict cap on its teams, the best players from the country in question would still be free to move to uncapped rival

2738:

New Zealand first implemented the salary cap in the 2006 season. The purpose of the salary cap was to ensure an even spread of players to produce competitive matches and higher television audiences for the new, fully professional competition.

2475:. By comparison, most player salaries paid to players on Canadian major sports teams are paid in U.S. dollars; in fact this is now mandated in the NHL to ensure that payrolls do not fluctuate with exchange rates. On the other hand, prior to 645:

bonus. When a player is franchise tagged the salary cap will be affected. When the salary cap can't be met for a tagged player the National Football League will fund the remainder of the contract. Each team may only tag one player per year.

2743:

1.75 million or more. The salary cap was cut in 2008, converting what was then known as the ITM Cup into a semi-professional competition, with players not under national team or Super Rugby contracts needing to find other part-time jobs.

2362:

have acknowledged that a number of challenges not present in North America would confront anyone who tried to implement an effective cap across European football or even across a single league with a view to creating competitive balance:

3202:

The other European countries in the URC – Ireland, Scotland, and Italy – do not impose a salary cap. South Africa, which joined the league in 2017–18, imposes a cap on individual player salaries, but does not impose a separate team

1771:

Those in slots 25–30 must be a reserve minimum salary player ($ 53,000 base salary – will increase to $ 54,500 in 2018). Additionally, those who earn the lowest possible league salary must be 24 or younger during the 2017 calendar

1700:, have secured high numbers of playoff berths (the two teams have combined to win the AL East 19 out of 25 seasons from 1994 to 2018). In contrast, teams with low payrolls are far less likely to make the playoffs: for example, the 2388:

to each country for these competitions is determined by that country's teams' past performances in Europe. Salary capped clubs in a franchise structure do not have to compete with teams in rival leagues where there is no salary

2808:

were fined $ 174,000 and deducted three competition points after it was found that they had exceeded the salary cap by $ 110,000 and failed to declare third-party payments during the 2005–06 season in which they were premiers.

2143:

roster, and a luxury tax (which the Premiership calls an "overrun tax") is imposed on clubs that exceed the salary cap by more than 5%. The base value of the cap will remain at £7 million through the end of the 2019–20 season.

1949:

Tim Marcum was suspended for four games (last two of the 2005 season and first two of the 2006 season) and fined $ 25,250; Marcum was suspended for a fifth game the next day for criticizing the decision at a press conference.

454:

A soft cap represents an amount which may be exceeded in limited circumstances, but otherwise exceeding the cap will trigger a penalty which is known in advance. Typically these penalties are financial in nature; fines or a

353:. The structure of a promotion and relegation system means weaker teams struggle against the threat of relegation, adding importance and excitement to the matches of weaker teams. International club competitions such as the 2901:

technology allowances. For the 2019 season, the minimum player wage (not including the health insurance allowance, set at $ 1,635 for that season) rises to $ 30,000, and the team cap on playing payments rises to $ 515,000.

1238:

39 million per team, with a maximum of $ 7.8 million (20% of the team's cap) for a player. The CBA also mandated the payment of salaries in U.S. dollars, codifying what had been a universal practice for more than a decade.

2251:

and the Welsh professional players' trade union. This agreement introduced "National Dual Contracts", which make signatories available for all Wales national team matches regardless of whether they fall within an official

2892:

675,000, with minimum player salaries of A$ 27,375. This latter figure was more than double the minimum wage of A$ 13,250 in the final season of the ANZ Championship. New Zealand rebranded its now-domestic league as the

1506:

an incentive to lower payroll; if in any year a team goes under the threshold, the penalty rate decreases to 17.5%, 25% or 40% (depending on prior record over the previous five years) for the next time the tax is paid.

6692: 2708:(RUPA) over the collective bargaining agreement. The fact that the Australian teams in Super Rugby face a salary cap has been attributed as a factor that makes it more difficult for Australian teams to win the title. 1793:

2013, $ 387,500 for 2014, $ 436,250 for 2015, $ 457,500 for 2016, $ 480,625 for 2017, and $ 504,375 for 2018). For the purpose of determining a cap number, the player's age is determined solely by his year of birth.

1665:

In the past 30 years, 18 different teams have won the World Series. In comparison, only 14 different teams won the NFL Super Bowl, 13 won the NHL Stanley Cup and 10 won the NBA championship in that same time frame.

236:

countries were not subject to caps, but South Africa did have caps and floors on individual player salaries. It is unknown at present what limits South African sides are subject to in the United Rugby Championship.

6558: 2837:

levy applied to any payment made above the salary cap. The levy still applies to non-local marquee players (i.e., players who are neither Australians nor New Zealanders), with one exception introduced in 2016–17.

2193:

to the so-called "elite squad") is allowed to exceed the cap by a set amount per national team member. This amount was fixed at €100,000 through the 2015–16 season, and increased to €200,000 starting in 2016–17.

1821:

or an average salary of $ 115,217 per active roster player. However, most clubs spend between $ 7,000,000 to $ 8,000,000 per season on salaries due to injury exemptions allowed under the cap. For instance, the

7488: 2503:

has implemented a salary cap on its clubs since 1987, when Brisbane and West Coast were admitted, as part of its equalization policy designed to neutralize the ability of the richest and most successful clubs,

2812:

In 2014–15, Perth Glory were fined $ 269,000, deducted nine points and ruled ineligible to compete in the finals series after it was found that they had exceeded the salary cap by $ 400,000 during the season.

3213:

2022. One team will represent and draw its players from Fiji, but will be based in Australia for at least the 2022 season. The other, representing the Pacific islands as a whole, will be based in New Zealand.

693:

up among the remaining 28 NFL teams ($ 1.64 million each) as added cap space: this excluded the Raiders and Saints, as they were also over the cap, though to a lesser degree than the Cowboys and Redskins.

316:

roughly the same economic power to attract players. This results in roughly equal playing talent in each team in the league, and in turn brings economic benefits to the league and to its individual teams.

2538:

Certain payments are excluded from the cap, and concessions are available for some players, in particular "veteran" players (those who have completed 10 seasons with their current club) and "nominated"

2679:

the elite, and even for average players, were considerably higher. This is often dependent on exchange rates or the rise and fall in the fortunes of international rugby league or union competitions.

2772:

However, the cap has numerous exceptions. First, then-current player contracts were honoured at their full values and not subjected to the cap. In the 2020–21 season, the league's two newest teams,

2575:

The VFL/AFL's salary cap has been quite successful in terms of parity: since the cap was introduced in 1987, 17 of the 18 teams have reached the Grand Final, and 14 teams have won the premiership.

2213:

announced that they would impose a salary cap of £3.5 million, effective with the 2012–13 season. The cap covers only the registered squad for European competitions—at the time of announcement, the

2523:

Both the salary cap and salary floor has increased substantially since the competition was re-branded as the AFL in 1990 to assist in stemming the dominance of other high membership clubs, such as

2583:

Grand Final since 1945, but since 1996, have qualified for the finals in 23 of 27 seasons (a finals success rate of 83%) and played in six Grand Finals, winning the premiership in 2005 and 2012.

462:

A salary floor is a minimum amount that must be spent on the team as a whole, and this is separate from the minimum player salary that is agreed to by the league. Some leagues, in particular the

7268: 6719: 1015:, the league was under financial pressure to lower its salary cap to $ 62,500 per team and $ 7,000 per player, forcing some teams to trade away well-paid star players in order to fit the cap. 5745: 2053:—instituted caps despite both being at the top of extensive pyramid structures with promotion and relegation throughout. The most notable European ice hockey league with a salary cap is the 6585: 1973:(FMF)—committed to paying the league salaries of many national team players. For the league's first season, 23 US players, plus 16 players each from Canada and Mexico, had their salaries 6448:

This figure includes the drawn and replayed 1948 and 1977 Grand Finals, while in 1897 and 1924 Essendon won both the round-robin series outright, meaning that no Grand Final was required

2327:

a hard salary floor; in that season. the cap was 900 million rubles ($ US 12.0 million at then-prevailing exchange rates) and the floor was 270 million rubles (roughly $ US 3.5 million)

7780: 568:

when he refused a trade to the Philadelphia Phillies. He had been a player for 12 years and felt he should have a voice in where he played baseball. Even though he lost his case in the

6488: 1961:, launched in 2013, was initially planned to have a team cap of $ 500,000, but that was later lowered to $ 200,000. However, the sport's three North American national federations—the 2579:

45.6% premiership success rate), have only won six of the premierships between them from twelve Grand Finals since (32.4% of all Grand Finals for a 16.2% premiership success rate).

1383:

in the immediately preceding season or two of the three most recent seasons; or named to an All-NBA team in the immediately preceding season or two of the three most recent seasons.

1465:

2013–14, teams that exceed the tax threshold by the so-called "apron", an amount most recently set in the 2017 CBA at $ 6 million, cannot receive a player in a sign-and-trade deal.

1254:

pay in player salaries. The lower limit was originally set at 55% of the cap, but is now defined to be $ 16 million below the cap, therefore the 2011–12 minimum was $ 48.3 million.

1349:

The NBA uses a "soft" cap, meaning that teams were allowed to exceed the cap in order to retain the rights to a player who was already on the team. This provision was known as the

4513: 7373: 2816:

A-League Women had a cap of $ 450,000 and floor of $ 315,000 in the 2021–22 season. The floor is set to rise to $ 390,000 by 2025–26, with the cap level to be reviewed annually.

6477: 6799: 4320: 1250:, with a cap of $ 12.86 million for a player. The CBA also contains a salary floor which is formally titled the "Lower Limit of the Payroll Range", the minimum that each team 6772: 1758:

A designated player counts $ 504,375 against a team's cap. However, if a player joins his team in the middle of the season, the charge against the budget will be $ 252,187.

5674: 2367:

The various national leagues are in competition with each other for the best players because there is free movement of players between the leagues. Football leagues in

2256:

window for Test matches. The WRU funds 60% of the salary of NDC players, with the region covering the other 40%, with only the latter amount included in the salary cap.

2166:. Also, due to the complex nature of French club administration, clubs were seen as likely to find creative ways to skirt the cap. This was publicly admitted in 2014 by 2029:, mainly in England with a team also in France (and formerly one in Wales), is capped. The league has used promotion and relegation for most of its history, though from 1748:

The salary cap is $ 4.035 million per team in 2018, not counting the extra salary of designated players. Players in the first 20 roster spots will count against the cap.

39:

because they limit players' and teams' ability to negotiate higher salaries even if a team is operating at significant profits, and have been the focal point of several

7213: 6745: 1375:

The cap remains a soft cap; the Bird exception remains in place, but teams have less financial room to retain a player with Bird rights than under pre-2011 agreements.

5241: 2563:

and playing coaches, formerly common practices, are also prohibited to prevent wealthier clubs from circumventing the restrictions of the salary cap and salary floor.

7293: 1346:

was set at $ 94.14 million, with the salary floor at 84.73 million and the luxury tax limit at $ 113.29 million. The current CBA took effect with the 2017–18 season.

478:

model of payment, in which each player is paid the same amount, sometimes varying by position. The standard form contract model is used extensively in North American

2244:) are known to have formally instituted such a system. South Africa maintains a cap and floor on individual player salaries but does not impose a separate team cap. 451:. Hard caps are designed so that penalties deter breaking the cap, but there are numerous examples of clubs who have occasionally or systematically cheated the cap. 7672: 595:, led to "bidding wars" for the best players—a situation which inherently gave an advantage in landing such players to more affluent teams in larger media markets. 6372: 5955: 1890:

were fined $ 116,570 and forfeited a first-round draft pick after a CFL investigation found that they had exceeded the salary cap by $ 108,285 during the season.

591:

upon the expiry of their contracts and were free to negotiate a new contract with their previous team or with any other team. This situation, called Restricted

1312:

or paying a player's remaining salary after trading him have been banned outright in order to prevent wealthier teams from evading the restrictions of the cap.

8850: 2937:

were reportedly at risk of collapsing, with Chinese media reporting that the club had not paid players in 10 months. In 2020, then-current Super League member

2723:

and 2020, at A$ 5.5 million. Prior concessions for sponsor payments and non-Australian players were removed, while a salary floor was added at 90% of the cap.

2416:

players who it could then pay under a higher cap. A salary cap exacerbates the problem of players switching clubs along with the clubs' movement between tiers.

2655:

of A$ 9.6 million in 2018, with a salary floor of A$ 9.12 million (95% of the cap). The salary cap keeps average annual player salaries at around A$ 364,800.

2343:

group of 18 leading European football teams would cap their payrolls at 70% of team's income, starting from the 2005/2006 season, however this did not occur.

7474: 2833:

participated in for the season just concluded", and each team's player roster (of between 10 and 12 players) had to fall within a "Total Team Points" limit.

1986: 6515: 2869:

380,000 salary cap (as of 2013) from which player salaries were paid. Salary amounts varied among players, but each player received a retainer of at least

2700:

competition were subjected to an A$ 5 million salary cap for a squad of 30 full-time players per Australian team. The Australian Rugby Union, now known as

6641: 5783: 7831: 3123: 2732: 2455:

and football wages are usually paid in the local currency. Although the countries hosting all but one of the most prominent European leagues now use the

2445: 1981:

in 2017, but the CSA continued to allocate players to the league through the 2021 season, after which the national team allocation system was abolished.

1261:, league revenues have stagnated due to a significant fall in the value of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar. The cap was $ 69 million for the 228: 2232:

This cap was unilaterally instituted only on the Welsh teams. The URC is uncapped, and none of the other three European countries involved in the URC (

6723: 7730: 6851: 2269: 7707: 5275: 4377: 676:, most NFL teams spent as if there was a cap in place anyway, with the league warning against teams front-loading contracts during the season. The 612:(CBA) formulated in 2011 had an initial salary cap of $ 120 million. While the previous CBA had a salary floor, the new CBA did not have one until 7457: 6881: 6312: 5585: 7534: 7660: 5986: 2123: 2119:, the cap increased to £4.76 million before academy credits and up to £5 million with credits. Other features of the cap remained unchanged. 2116: 2094: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2001:, the main women's professional ice hockey league in the US and Canada, has a team salary cap of US$ 750,000 and a floor of $ 562,500 in its 1119: 7344: 4253:

Does not include "allocation money" that teams can use to supplement player salaries, or healthcare, housing, and transportation allowances.

2671:

tampering. Trading cash for players is also prohibited to prevent wealthier clubs from evading the salary cap and salary floor regulations.

1334:

had a salary cap in the mid-1940s, but it was abolished after only one season. The league continued to operate without such a cap until the

649:

contract will usually receive a signing bonus, thus providing him with financial security even if he is cut before the end of his contract.

9786: 7432: 6466: 2209:

On 20 December 2011, the four Welsh regional sides that participate in the competition then known as Pro12, later as Pro14, and now as the

1675: 7043: 5812: 5161: 334:, which operated between 1946 and 1949. Despite starring many top players and innovative coaches, the AAFC was dominated by one team, the 7773: 7178: 3042: 2411:

The pyramid structure of European leagues means the number of small clubs in the various lower divisions can run into the thousands. The

2272:(KHLPTU) agreed to the implementation of a salary cap. When first implemented there was a salary cap, as well as a salary floor. For the 1776: 7148: 5076: 8688: 8666: 4023: 95: 7240: 5701: 9592: 4457: 2138:

club. A player's inclusion in, or exclusion from, a Rugby World Cup roster is no longer relevant to his status as an excluded player.

1712: 5647: 4328: 1977:; these players' salaries originally did not count against the team cap. Mexican players have not been allocated since FMF launched 9436: 8998: 8118: 7450: 7017: 6826: 577: 206: 9617: 7297: 5835: 5252: 1764:

Those in roster slots 21–24 must be a senior minimum salary player ($ 65,000 base salary – will increase to $ 67,500 in 2018) or

1761:

Players who are in the roster spots from 21 to 30 will not count against a team's cap. They will be known as off-budget players.

6666: 5860: 5768: 5746:"National Women's Soccer League and NWSL Players Association Agree on Transformative, First-Ever CBA to Run Through 2026 Season" 5023: 2715:

Five players on each team could be paid $ 30,000 each per season by team sponsors; this amount was not included in the team cap.

2358:

These measures would be implemented to ensure clubs spend responsibly rather than as a tool to create parity. Top executives in

1882:

The following breaches of the salary cap have occurred (no team has yet been penalized for violating salary floor regulations):

9488: 8934: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8232: 7123: 5678: 2825: 2612:

The AFL has also used the cap to pursue its policy of supporting clubs in non-traditional markets such as Sydney and Brisbane.

1469:

under the salary cap for the first time; these teams received a 2-year exception. This exception was retained in the 2017 CBA.

1380: 4913: 1372:

The 2011 CBA resulted in several major changes to the salary cap scheme. Most of these changes were retained in the 2017 CBA.

9771: 7217: 4617: 3316: 7404: 7119: 5048: 2784:

keeping young talented players in Australia (or New Zealand for the Wellington Phoenix) for a longer period, similar to the

2567:

penalised for breaches of the salary floor regulations, and no punishment has included the deduction of premiership points.

1826:

spent $ 8.6 million on salaries in 2018, $ 8.8 million in 2017 season and $ 7.9 million in 2016, while still cap compliant.

9493: 8386: 7868: 7585: 6933: 4933: 4592: 1801:

On June 13, 2006, a proposed salary management system featuring a Maximum Salary Expenditure Cap (SEC) was ratified at the

312:

In theory, there are two main benefits derived from salary caps – promotion of parity between teams, and control of costs.

301: 7559: 4998: 7821: 7513: 6963: 6830: 5301: 4875: 4566: 2914: 2705: 2441: 2041:

with some similarities to the North American franchising model. Promotion and relegation returned to Super League in the

1745:

A team's roster can be made up of up to 30 players. They are eligible to be selected to the 18-player team for each game.

1339: 1205: 1196:

successfully persuaded the US-based teams to donate towards a pool to mitigate the adverse effects of the exchange rate.

2945:, which had been the first Chinese club to win the AFC Champions League before dropping to the country's lower levels. 2731:

The 14 teams participating in New Zealand's top domestic competition, now known once again by its historic name of the

569: 448: 7632: 6034: 5959: 5216: 5133:

Collective Bargaining Agreement Between the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association

1213:

for a salary cap, which it had vowed it would never accept. The previous CBA had expired on September 15, 2004, and a

1150:

was consistently sold out no matter how poorly the Maple Leafs played, Ballard's team was by far the most profitable.

572:, he was the first baseball player to try to end the reserve clause. Although anti-trust actions were not a threat to 9730: 8905: 8693: 8661: 5116: 4536: 4060: 2038: 1958: 1897:

were also fined in 2007 ($ 76,552) for a string of minor breaches in relation to benefit payments to injured players.

1076: 543: 422: 99: 5560: 1058: 525: 404: 9715: 4266: 2543:

players, who are discounted by 50% for purposes of the cap, depending on the number of these players at each club.

2186: 1485: 7841: 5461: 4785: 556:

Before the implementation of salary caps, the economic influence of clubs on player markets was controlled by the

357:

also means that the top clubs always have something to play for, even in the most unbalanced of national leagues.

9776: 9725: 8805: 6908: 6523: 3506: 1962: 609: 331: 114: 63: 7685: 6859: 6254: 5140: 636:, the effects on the salary cap of guaranteed payments such as signing bonuses are, with a few rare exceptions, 9735: 9498: 8870: 8822: 8093: 8041: 3307: 3276: 2152: 1476:

The salary floor, previously 75% of the cap, increased to 85% in 2011–12 and 2012–13, and 90% in future years.

1054: 521: 400: 7610: 2339:

leagues have considered introducing salary caps in the early 21st century. In 2002, the BBC reported that the

2247:

The operation of the cap was modified for select Wales national team players in 2014 by agreement between the

9586: 9478: 8890: 8443: 7319: 5534: 5385: 3366: 2405: 2174:. Boudjellal found a loophole that allowed him to set up a separate company to supplement the salary of star 1626: 1365:

penalty was levied against teams in violation only if the league average also breached a separate threshold.

2520:

as Total Player Payments, is A$ 13,165,950 for the 2020 season with a salary floor of $ 12,507,652.50.

9791: 9667: 8840: 7896: 7378: 6750: 5508: 2949: 2226: 2222: 2201:. Player bonus payments that amount to more than 10% of a player's salary are now counted against the cap. 7094: 6502: 9796: 9652: 8865: 7806: 7047: 6225: 5632: 4196: 1970: 1966: 1182: 1127: 1050: 517: 396: 83: 6988: 6171: 2319:

onward, the KHL began using a hard cap, set at 1.25 billion rubles (at the time $ US 36.5 million). The

2090:

This increased the effective cap to a maximum of £4.24 million (not counting World Cup roster credits).

1784:

In addition to the salary cap, each MLS team can also spend additional funds on a player in the form of

1246:

As a result of these factors, the cap was raised each year of the 2005–12 CBA to $ 64.3 million for the

9581: 9463: 8939: 8396: 8088: 7996: 7781:"North America Rugby League examined - salary cap, players, impact on RFL and Super League - Hull Live" 5918: 3761: 3338: 2500: 187: 2392:

Different governing bodies have authority over domestic and international competitions. For example,

1913:

In 2013, the Saskatchewan Roughriders were fined $ 17,975 for exceeding the salary cap by that amount.

1910:

In 2010, the Saskatchewan Roughriders were fined $ 26,677 for exceeding the salary cap by that amount.

1900:

In 2008, the Saskatchewan Roughriders were fined $ 87,147 for exceeding the salary cap by that amount.

1654:

Measuring the success of the luxury tax in bringing the benefits of parity has brought mixed results.

1221:, the first time a major sports league in North America had lost an entire season to a labor dispute. 9745: 9740: 9561: 9235: 9146: 9025: 7801: 5486: 5368:

The Effect of Luxury Taxes on Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues

4972: 4906: 4097: 3722: 3347: 3291: 3065: 2910: 2696:

Through the 2017 southern hemisphere season, the five Australian teams then playing in rugby union's

2509: 2210: 2198: 2182: 2163: 2156: 2054: 1998: 1162: 991: 275: 245: 168: 103: 6283: 5593: 2865:, which featured five teams each from Australia and New Zealand, each franchise was restricted to a 9750: 9720: 9411: 9213: 8972: 8929: 8895: 8401: 8391: 8073: 7861: 6196: 4641:

Carey, James A. Journal of Business and Management; Fort Collins Vol. 14, Iss. 2, (2008): 131-147.

3890: 3465: 3352: 3286: 3134: 2412: 1894: 1802: 1131: 1039: 506: 385: 346: 91: 87: 67: 7458:"The Rugby salary caps of each country ranked - here's who has the most money to spend on players" 6373:"The state of the KHL in 2021: Busting myths, international expansion, crossover NHL events, more" 5990: 9781: 9677: 9556: 9458: 9396: 9208: 8835: 8722: 8656: 8574: 6415: 6342: 3108: 3000: 2718:

The maximum cap charge for a non-Australian player was $ 137,000, regardless of his actual wages.

2547: 2352: 2241: 2190: 2155:(LNR), operator of the Top 14, announced it would impose a cap of €8 million, effective with the 1974: 1723: 1258: 1214: 1154: 1090: 1043: 510: 389: 6478:

Rich clubs agree to luxury and super earnings taxes, Sydney's cost of living allowance abolished

4514:"Top-51 rule explained: How much cap space will it really cost to sign the Falcons draft class?" 1272:

The difference between the salary cap and a team's actual payroll is referred to as the team's "

9531: 9483: 9453: 9290: 9258: 9248: 9065: 9050: 9030: 8912: 8683: 8678: 7958: 7272: 6612: 6145: 6113: 5618: 5108: 5102: 3971: 3595: 2785: 2528: 2524: 2513: 2320: 2316: 2233: 2218: 2057:(which uses the franchising model), and that league implemented a cap despite currency issues. 2006: 2002: 1736: 1343: 1335: 1266: 1262: 1247: 1231: 1218: 1158: 1008: 475: 71: 7186: 6559:"Rugby union: Club structure in Australia can't match Europe, but savings can be spent wisely" 6397: 4350: 4295: 2952:

imposed a salary cap on the Super League. Effective in 2021, total player wages are capped at

697:

and unfairly punished teams that did not collude. The NFL settled the lawsuit with the NFLPA.

9473: 9468: 9406: 9351: 9300: 8922: 8458: 8431: 8103: 8031: 7802:

CapGeek.com – NHL salary cap calculator, buyout calculator, org charts, free agents, and more

7156: 4899: 3800: 3683: 3414: 3321: 3016: 2938: 2926: 2885: 2648: 2505: 2397: 1938: 1904: 1491: 354: 213: 198: 122: 5354: 4926: 9541: 9317: 9270: 9090: 9085: 8860: 8855: 8830: 8770: 8614: 8551: 8421: 8336: 8174: 6255:"Règlements de la DNACG, Annexe No. 3, Article 1.1, Principe général et montant du Plafond" 6197:"Règlements de la DNACG, Annexe No. 3, Article 1.1, Principe général et montant du Plafond" 5436: 4699: 4652: 4065: 3989: 3934: 3562: 3557: 3357: 3026: 2934: 2930: 2918: 2757: 2336: 2237: 2108: 1829:

Penalties for teams found to have breached the salary cap or salary floor regulations are:

1711:, have called for the introduction of a salary cap, but any introduction is opposed by the 1613: 1587: 1350: 1235: 672:

The owners opted out of the CBA in 2008, leading to an uncapped season in 2010. During the

342: 293: 285: 164: 7811: 7796: 5885: 4700:"The Sunk-Cost Fallacy in the National Football League: Salary Cap Value and Playing Time" 623:

The cap was first introduced for the 1994 season and was expected to be $ 32 million, but

8: 9446: 9441: 9379: 9327: 9045: 9013: 9003: 8885: 8875: 8411: 8406: 8227: 8207: 8128: 8048: 8026: 8006: 7854: 5186: 4462: 3984: 3929: 3766: 2789: 2355:(consisting of England's second through fourth levels) have also considered salary caps. 2265: 1548: 1495: 1143: 1134:

began competing with the NHL for players. Not all NHL owners were willing to engage in a

1094: 689: 456: 118: 75: 20: 6060: 4436: 1298:

of the remaining salary if the player is younger than 28 at the time of termination, or

9546: 9510: 9374: 9263: 9243: 9116: 9080: 8967: 8949: 8880: 8521: 8381: 8361: 8316: 8217: 8202: 5652: 5367: 4852: 4727: 4680: 4419: 4402: 4148: 3153: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2401: 2273: 1923: 1887: 1817:

and the cap was initially set at $ 4.05 million. The cap will be $ 5.3 million for the

1701: 1178: 1147: 1109: 681: 79: 44: 6941: 6717:

Australian Times, Salary cap makes Super Rugby harder in Australia, 15 February 2012,

4489: 1642:

As of 2017, the New York Yankees have paid 61.75% of all luxury tax collected by MLB.

9657: 9637: 9369: 9334: 9166: 9060: 9040: 8959: 8812: 8747: 8426: 8376: 8351: 8311: 8306: 8237: 8083: 6885: 6320: 5609: 5306: 5112: 4856: 4844: 4805: 4766: 4731: 4719: 4684: 4672: 4532: 3895: 3851: 3470: 3260: 3118: 3052: 3031: 2889: 2881: 2829: 2773: 2532: 2385: 2359: 2248: 2167: 2046: 1765: 1708: 350: 324: 145: 4824: 4552: 2884:

broke away from the trans-Tasman championship and launched its own national league,

2280:($ US 18.3 million) and the salary floor was 200 million rubles ($ US 5.9 million). 9627: 9416: 9384: 9344: 9339: 9136: 9126: 8944: 8775: 8732: 8705: 8700: 8559: 8526: 8516: 8366: 8294: 8098: 8036: 8016: 8001: 7826: 4840: 4836: 4797: 4758: 4746: 4711: 4664: 2862: 2034: 2030: 1823: 1785: 1693: 1535: 1190: 1174: 1093:, the NHL was the only major North American professional sports league that had no 1012: 335: 221: 7345:"Why Netball Australia had to separate from New Zealand to secure dominant future" 5677:(Press release). United States Soccer Federation. January 25, 2013. Archived from 4762: 2045:. In rugby union, two of the continent's three main domestic/regional leagues—the 9687: 9622: 9431: 9401: 9389: 9253: 9151: 9018: 8356: 8123: 7926: 7901: 7891: 7816: 7127: 6776: 6620: 6489:

Luxury tax limit set for first two years, veterans concessions could be abolished

6082: 6038: 6012: 5144: 3265: 3088: 2894: 2701: 2175: 2083: 2042: 1978: 1942: 1818: 1814: 1741:

Here are some major points of the MLS rules and regulations for the 2017 season.

1186: 1098: 685: 673: 629: 613: 217: 7068: 6586:"ACT Brumbies wait on Super Rugby clarity as they continue search for new coach" 5784:"NWSL reference guide 2023: Everything you need to know for the upcoming season" 4437:

The Combined Effect of Salary Restrictions and Revenue Sharing in Sports Leagues

3183:

Does not include €200,000 "bonus" per France national team member on the roster.

2629:

In 2017, the AFL launched a semi-professional women's national league, known as

637: 183:: Most major leagues operating in the two countries have salary cap provisions: 9672: 9421: 9322: 9275: 8977: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8636: 8569: 8326: 8284: 7968: 7936: 7673:

NRL clubs find middle ground, agree to $ 9.4 million salary cap for 2018 season

6804: 2765: 2652: 2642: 2630: 2494: 2472: 2468: 2381: 2368: 2340: 2018: 1946: 1697: 1574: 1561: 1354: 1325: 1139: 1113: 1002: 677: 658: 581: 557: 288:

in association football instituted a salary cap effective with its 2021 season.

191: 141: 130: 7269:"NBL launches 'Next Stars' program, targeting potential one-and-done athletes" 4801: 4786:"The impact of salary dispersion and performance bonuses in NFL organizations" 2600:

and repeat offenders will pay the lesser of 75% of the excess or $ 2 million.

2307:. The five non-Russian countries use four different currencies (two countries 2101:

Played at least two full seasons with his current club before his designation.

587:

By the 1990s, most players with several years' professional experience became

9765: 9647: 9566: 9551: 9536: 9307: 9285: 9191: 9075: 9008: 8982: 8917: 8760: 8717: 8712: 8564: 8448: 8346: 8068: 7921: 7906: 7817:

Ask the Commish NFL Salary Cap FAQ, up to date with current (2006) labor deal

6037:(Press release). Premiership Rugby Limited. 16 September 2014. Archived from 5561:"The Game | CFL.ca | Official Site of the Canadian Football League" 5157: 4848: 4809: 4770: 4723: 4715: 4676: 4668: 4214: 4166: 4118: 4078: 4041: 3947: 3613: 3524: 3484: 3432: 3144: 3076: 2942: 2464: 2459:, the one exception, England, has the richest league. Even if a hypothetical 2372: 2283:

The KHL's cap operates despite the KHL's multinational nature, with teams in

2277: 2171: 2082:. A provision applicable only in seasons that run up against the quadrennial 1670: 1123: 220:

in New Zealand—are capped. The trans-Tasman predecessor to both leagues, the

55:

Salary caps are used by the following major sports leagues around the world:

40: 32: 6439:

This excludes the Gold Coast, who have not yet qualified for a finals series

5410: 9682: 9662: 9642: 9632: 9607: 9361: 9196: 9176: 9161: 9131: 9121: 8900: 8755: 8737: 8673: 8651: 8609: 8599: 8501: 8491: 8463: 8194: 8184: 8011: 7951: 4892: 4276: 4271: 4201: 3805: 2922: 2846: 2777: 2761: 2663: 2560: 2428: 2214: 2162:

The new cap was slightly higher than the highest official wage bill in the

2078:, it nearly doubled to £4 million, and remained at that amount through the 2026: 1716: 1680: 1600: 1309: 1273: 1193: 1105: 479: 202: 157: 153: 107: 7216:(Press release). National Basketball League. 30 March 2016. Archived from 5813:"NWSL Announces 2021 Roster Rules, Regulations and Competition Guidelines" 5723: 5329: 4948: 4420:

Welfare Effects of Salary Caps in Sports Leagues with Win-Maximizing Clubs

1319: 9295: 9218: 9186: 8646: 8594: 8212: 8169: 8144: 8113: 8108: 8063: 7988: 7978: 7963: 7916: 6467:

Rich clubs refuse to accept football department cap amid fears of elitism

4153: 3856: 3830: 3649: 3097: 3092: 2697: 2540: 2436: 2253: 1685: 1135: 592: 304:

in 2011, which limits football clubs' spending relative to their income.

232: 180: 149: 36: 5276:"Answering your questions about the new collective bargaining agreement" 2070:

The Premiership's salary cap has been in place since the late 1990s. By

1704:

went 20 years without a winning season before making the 2013 playoffs.

701:

The Impact of Effective Salary Cap Management on Team Success in the NFL

9505: 9312: 9225: 9203: 9171: 9070: 9055: 9035: 8800: 8765: 8641: 8604: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8496: 8453: 8438: 8416: 8341: 8179: 8159: 8078: 7946: 7941: 7911: 7877: 7827:

Salary Cap Spreadsheets for the Washington Redskins from TheWarpath.net

6697: 5104:

The Official National Hockey League 75th Anniversary Commemorative Book

4567:"NFL on Yahoo! Sports – News, Scores, Standings, Rumors, Fantasy Games" 4467: 4403:

The Effect of Salary Caps in Professional Team Sports on Social Welfare

4378:"Springboks coach Allister Coetzee seeks to evolve South African rugby" 4104: 4028: 3727: 3600: 3511: 2420: 2296: 2022: 1357: 1210: 624: 588: 565: 561: 261: 125:

has no salary cap and instead implements a luxury tax only (see below).

5702:"NWSL minimum and maximum salaries, team caps each rise 5-10% in 2021" 1941:

was $ 1.82 million per team in its final season in 2008. In 2005, the

669:

and web enterprises, which ownership is sharing with players as well.

209:, each of which is based in Australia but has one team in New Zealand. 9692: 9612: 9426: 9111: 8470: 8371: 8331: 8301: 8222: 8058: 8021: 7661:

IPL 2018: 5 potential players who can be sold upwards of Rs. 20 crore

6316: 6313:"French giants Toulon make their pitch to join the Aviva Premiership" 5787: 5564: 5138: 4381: 3818: 3779: 3083:

Cap charge for National Dual Contract players is 40% of total salary

2842: 2805: 2467:

would make it difficult for the cap to be fairly administered in the

2189:

on its roster (more specifically, one of the 30 players named by the

1907:

were fined $ 44,687 for minor breaches in relation to player bonuses.

176: 7755: 7535:"Caribbean Premier League 2014: Who Went Where in the Player Draft?" 4914:"Building the best NFL team money can buy under the 2020 salary cap" 2873:

12,000 per season; high-profile players were expected to earn up to

2550:

negotiates for players with the AFL on the topic of average salary.

2104:

Played outside the Premiership in the season before his designation.

1028: 495: 374: 171:

unilaterally adopted a salary cap effective with the 2012–13 season.

9526: 8589: 8579: 8511: 8506: 8475: 8321: 8276: 8154: 8149: 8053: 7931: 7586:"NFL informs clubs 2022 salary cap projected to be $ 208.2 million" 7245: 6882:"All Blacks to get $ 150 thousand bonus if they win 2015 world cup" 6746:"Australian Super 15 clubs will soon enter into new salary cap era" 4747:"Paying for Protection: The Effects of Having an Elite Left Tackle" 3419: 2966:

Salary caps and currency conversions accurate as of July 2020.

2953: 2452: 2424: 2308: 1810: 1806: 1146:

spent as close to the league minimum on rosters as he could. Since

573: 190:(Australian rules football), which operates only in Australia. The 5769:"NWSL CBA details: Max salary, team caps, more – Equalizer Soccer" 5137:

Downloadable from the NHL Players' Association official site here

2921:

saw major turmoil. In February 2021 alone, the reigning champions

2880:

Following the 2016 season, Australia's national governing body of

2592:

outside the top eight spending teams was North Melbourne in 1999.

2025:

leagues, have successfully instituted salary caps. Rugby league's

9156: 9106: 8845: 8795: 8584: 8289: 7973: 5748:(Press release). National Women's Soccer League. January 31, 2022 4918: 4876:"NFL salary cap set at $ 255.4M per team for 2024 regular season" 4825:"Allocation of scarce resources: Insight from the NFL salary cap" 3869: 3688: 3226:

Salary caps and currency conversions accurate as of January 2018.

2344: 2292: 2284: 2017:

Salary caps are rarely used in Europe. However, several European

1692:). In fact, teams with consistently high payrolls, including the 1662:

as of 2018 (35.1% of all World Series for a 24.6% success rate).

641:

bonuses and guarantees for former players count towards the cap.

253: 241: 137: 7613:(Press release). National Basketball Association. August 2, 2021 6642:"Rugby Union salary cap | Australian ARU seeks big paycuts" 6083:"Premiership salary cap to remain at £7m in 2018-19 and 2019-20" 1512:

The following teams have been subject to luxury tax since 2003:

9280: 8628: 8272: 7807:

The Hockey GM – Up to date salary cap information for NHL teams

7383: 5077:"Salary cap rise to $ 133 million shows how new CBA is working" 4784:

Mondello, Mike; Maxcy, Joel (2009-02-06). Adcroft, Andy (ed.).

4618:"NFL Wants End To Claims Of 2010 Salary Cap Collusion – Law360" 4226: 4178: 4130: 3959: 3908: 3740: 3662: 3644: 3625: 3536: 3444: 3148: 3005: 2476: 2432: 2304: 2300: 2050: 1813:. The CFL began enforcing strict salary cap regulation for the 1169: 341:

The need for parity is more pronounced in leagues that use the

271: 267: 249: 167:

regional sides in the rugby union competition now known as the

7018:"Salary cap changes, pay boost for W-League, A-League players" 6852:"Rugby: ITM Cup player payments drop - Sport - NZ Herald News" 5958:. Premiership Rugby Limited. 21 September 2015. Archived from 5162:"NHL, NHLPA agree to small bump in salary cap to $ 73 million" 1755:

The maximum salary for any non-designated player is $ 504,375.

9141: 7846: 7731:"Indian Super League's player regulations for 2018-19 season" 7214:"NBL announces changes to player contract & salary rules" 6284:"Annexe 3, Article 1: Principe général et montant du Plafond" 5863:(Press release). Premier Hockey Federation. February 23, 2022 5815:(Press release). National Women's Soccer League. May 13, 2021 4002: 3701: 3575: 3330: 2348: 2288: 2005:. This was a dramatic increase from the $ 300,000 cap in the 1715:

and the Yankees' ownership group; the latter have threatened

633: 257: 7708:"MLS & MLSPA ratify new Collective Bargaining Agreement" 6457:

This figure includes the drawn and replayed 2010 Grand Final

5950: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5940: 584:

by a United States arbitrator as a violation of labor laws.

474:

When the salary cap and floor are the same, the result is a

264:, has operated with a salary cap since its creation in 2008. 227:

In rugby union, New Zealand's top domestic competition, the

9181: 8624: 7836: 6291:

Statuts et Règlements Généraux de la LNR – Saison 2014/2015

6262:

Statuts et Règlements Généraux de la LNR – Saison 2016/2017

6204:

Statuts et Règlements Généraux de la LNR – Saison 2012/2013

6015:(Press release). Premiership Rugby Limited. 21 January 2014 4934:"How Can the NFL Prevent a Salary Cap Crisis? - The Ringer" 4490:"How Fox's 25 seasons of covering the NFL changed the game" 2760:(soccer) competitions operating under the A-League banner, 2460: 2456: 2393: 775:$ 198.2 million + $ 40 million per team in player benefits 297: 281: 7675:- Chris Barrett, The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 August 2017 5836:"How to watch PHF: Top teams, players, schedule, playoffs" 4973:"NFL Players Association – 2016 ADJUSTED TEAM SALARY CAPS" 4296:"A Look Back at Professional Sports Labor Disputes – AMOG" 4102: 2427:

vary greatly from country to country. One prominent club,

8164: 5937: 5024:"NFL salary cap makes nearly $ 10M jump to $ 133 million" 4321:"The 10 Most Significant Pro Sports Strikes and Lockouts" 2107:

Included in the official squad of any participant in the

1945:

were fined $ 125,000 for salary cap violations and their

1331: 463: 296:

leagues have also discussed introducing salary caps. The

7374:"Netball payday: How it will work for players and clubs" 6909:"All Blacks to get bigger bonus for retaining World Cup" 5981: 5979: 5977: 5330:"92. Can a free agent be signed and immediately traded?" 4418:

Dietl, H., Franck, E., Lang, M. and Rathke, A. (2008): "

2897:, presumably retaining its prior salary cap provisions. 2396:

governs European football and organizes the prestigious

7475:"BBL clubs given cash to splash on third international" 5861:"PHF Details Roster Expansion and Salary Cap Increases" 5242:"Article II, Section 7(a)(i)(B): Maximum Annual Salary" 4451: 4449: 2662:

Before the 2012 season, the NRL's then Chief executive

2229:. It does not cover players in the regions' academies. 1320:

National Basketball Association (soft cap + luxury tax)

8851:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

7710:(Press release). Major League Soccer. February 8, 2021 7640:

Statuts et Règlements Généraux : Saison 2021-2022

7611:"Salary cap set at $ 112.4 million for 2021-22 season" 7241:"How Australian basketball is targeting one-and-dones" 5648:"Another Attempt at Women's Circuit, but With a Twist" 5625: 5049:"NFL sets 2013 salary cap at $ 123M, up from $ 120.6M" 2380:

in European club competitions is not only a matter of

1308:

of the remaining salary if the player is 28 or older.

364: 231:, is capped. In addition, the Australian teams in the 6249: 6247: 5974: 5353:

Four-Year Deal Includes Luxury Tax, No Contraction,"

5302:"New NBA deal may curtail Lakers' free-spending ways" 4424:

University of Zurich, ISU Working Paper Series No. 86

2268:

was dissolved to make way to the modern-day KHL, the

1722:

Although some saw the success of NHL owners in their

1479: 7407:(Press release). Suncorp Super Netball. 20 June 2018 6773:"Rugby Welcomes New Collective Bargaining Agreement" 6108: 6106: 6104: 5187:"NBA salary cap for 2016–17 set at $ 94.143 million" 4458:"Per-team spending minimum doesn't apply until 2013" 4446: 2888:. The initial team salary cap in the new league was 2178:

by a six-figure amount while staying under the cap.

2122:

Several significant changes were introduced for the

1965:, which ran the league through the 2020 season; the 194:

league, operated by the (men's) AFL, is also capped.

7405:"Suncorp Super Netball Player Payment Rise In 2019" 6498: 6496: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 2659:terms of player payments, just to be competitive." 1316:to have been affected by the violation of the cap. 7812:Overview of salary caps in US professional leagues 7642:(in French). Ligue Nationale de Rugby. p. 439 7469: 7467: 7367: 7365: 6720:"Salary cap makes Super Rugby harder in Australia" 6244: 6139: 6137: 6135: 5667: 3490:208.2m + $ 40 million per team in player benefits 2181:The Top 14 salary cap was set at €9.5 million for 1217:ensued, leading to the cancellation of the entire 1209:Players' Association considered nothing more than 580:from anti-trust laws, that sport's reserve clause 6964:"Air NZ Cup overhaul - how it's likely to happen" 6800:"Pay rise for rugby players, but only until 2020" 6293:(in French). Ligue nationale de rugby. p. 67 6264:(in French). Ligue nationale de rugby. p. 79 6206:(in French). Ligue nationale de rugby. p. 54 6101: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5907: 4999:"NFL salary cap will be $ 143.28 million in 2015" 2463:-wide cap were denominated in Euros, fluctuating 1157:was fought over the issue of the salary cap. The 661:limits (14 practice players by 2022 up from 10). 9763: 6493: 5880: 5878: 5197: 4407:The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy 2711:The cap regulations had some small concessions: 1707:A number of the small market teams, notably the 1161:was only partially cancelled, with 48 games and 323:One famous example of this occurring was in the 7464: 7362: 6132: 5675:"Additional Signing Period Open for NWSL Clubs" 2621:and spectator attendance of the state leagues. 2483: 1929: 7514:"IPL player policies declared for 2018 season" 7208: 7206: 7204: 6343:"Welsh rugby introduces salary cap at regions" 5904: 4940: 4653:"Reflections on Salary Shares and Salary Caps" 2270:Kontinental Hockey League Players' Trade Union 1007:A salary cap existed in the early days of the 270:: The country's top-level rugby union league, 7862: 7320:"Glitz and hype turn netball into money game" 5875: 5535:"New five-year CBA ratified by CFL and CFLPA" 4900:"NFL sets 2021 salary cap at $ 182.5 million" 4783: 4526: 3296: 2819: 2615: 274:, instituted a salary cap effective with the 7011: 7009: 6172:"The building of Europe's new rugby dynasty" 5366:Dietl, H., Lang, M. and Werner, S. (2010): " 4481: 4435:Dietl, H., Lang, M. and Rathke, A. (2010): " 4401:Dietl, H., Lang, M. and Rathke, A. (2009): " 2488: 2440:Canada, the US and between their respective 2259: 598: 7433:"How the Chinese Super League bubble burst" 7296:. Sportal. 21 December 2007. Archived from 7201: 7044:"A-League clubs and PFA reach payment deal" 6226:"French rugby chiefs agree salary cap rise" 5989:. Premiership Rugby Limited. Archived from 5919:"Premiership clubs handed salary cap boost" 5509:"CFL launches new era with player partners" 3021:Youth players earning no more than €50,000 2516:, to perennially dominate the competition. 2197:The cap rules were further tweaked for the 1796: 1057:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 603: 524:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 403:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7869: 7855: 7663:- Vipul Gupta, Sportskeeda, 7 January 2018 7311: 6906: 5179: 5071: 5069: 4946: 2586: 2315:teams facing financial hardship. From the 9593:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 7583: 7317: 7006: 6366: 6364: 5807: 5805: 5299: 5293: 5273: 4650: 4351:"All Blacks in for World Cup bonus boost" 2691: 2311:), with most floating against the ruble. 1934:Salary caps are common in other leagues. 1509:The threshold for 2018 is $ 210 million. 1257:Since the current CBA was approved after 1122:first became an issue in the 1970s, when 1077:Learn how and when to remove this message 996: 544:Learn how and when to remove this message 423:Learn how and when to remove this message 9437:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 8119:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 7842:2010/2011 Toronto Maple Leafs Salary Cap 7686:"About Us: Premiership Rugby Salary Cap" 7489:"currency of bangladesh – Google Search" 7342: 7286: 7179:"NBL – The National Basketball League -" 7149:"NBL – The National Basketball League -" 7041: 7015: 6143: 5781: 5249:2017 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement 4822: 4247: 2093:Two substantial changes took effect for 212:The countries' national netball leagues— 9618:Credentialism and educational inflation 7426: 7424: 7422: 6169: 5833: 5766: 5738: 5699: 5253:National Basketball Players Association 5131:Article 11, Section 11.17, "Currency". 5100: 5094: 5066: 4024:Women's National Basketball Association 2904: 2746: 2603: 2330: 2130:The base cap increased to £5.1 million. 564:legal actions. St. Louis Cardinal star 298:Union of European Football Associations 96:Women's National Basketball Association 9764: 9489:List of countries by unemployment rate 7837:Sports' salary cap discussed in detail 7728: 7584:Goodbread, Chase (December 14, 2021). 7371: 7238: 6743: 6690: 6610: 6583: 6370: 6361: 5802: 5527: 5372:International Journal of Sport Finance 5274:Windhorst, Brian (December 20, 2016). 5156: 4744: 4697: 4531:(1st ed. HC ed.). HarperCollins. 4455: 4375: 2065: 1730: 1403:Repeat offender tax per excess dollar 1108:era through to the early years of the 459:are common penalties used by leagues. 16:Agreement that limits athlete salaries 7850: 7430: 7343:Mitchell, Brittany (25 August 2016). 7016:Chadwick, Justin (9 September 2021). 6797: 5834:Shilton, Kristen (November 4, 2022). 5300:Bresnahan, Mike (November 27, 2011). 4949:"NFL Salary Cap Space | Over The Cap" 4870: 4868: 4866: 4487: 3400: 3392: 2570: 2303:, in addition to its primary base of 2170:, owner of then-current Top 14 power 1917: 1224: 8387:Practice-based professional learning 7419: 7372:Lulham, Amanda (24 September 2016). 7266: 7183:NBL – The National Basketball League 7153:NBL – The National Basketball League 6827:"Super Rugby Contracting, 2018-2020" 6693:"Salary cap could derail Genia deal" 6613:"RUPA to push for salary cap change" 6013:"Premiership Rugby Salary Cap Rises" 5645: 5586:"404: Page Not Found – Sportsnet.ca" 5434: 5383: 5327: 5214: 5107:. McClelland & Stewart. p. 4745:Keefer, Quinn Andrew Wesley (2017). 2323:was the first which used a hard cap 2204: 1975:paid by their respective federations 1055:adding citations to reliable sources 1022: 522:adding citations to reliable sources 489: 401:adding citations to reliable sources 368: 9787:Terminology used in multiple sports 8935:Workers' right to access the toilet 7294:"New netball venture steps forward" 6907:Stulchbury, Greg (21 August 2013). 5377: 5321: 4823:Borghesi, Richard (November 2008). 4751:Journal of Applied Sport Management 4651:Zimbalist, Andrew (February 2010). 2726: 2074:, the cap reached £2.2 million. In 1922:The current team salary cap in the 1206:NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement 1168:Eight NHL franchises were based in 1116:negated the need for a salary cap. 566:Curt Flood started the ball rolling 365:Hard cap, soft cap and salary floor 13: 7729:Easwar, Nisanth V (10 June 2018). 7633:"Titre VII, Article 3: Salary Cap" 6556: 6503:How much do AFLW players get paid? 6144:Moriarty, Ian (18 December 2009). 5886:"Premiership ponders wage cap cut" 5782:Anderson, Jason (March 21, 2023). 5462:"MLS Roster Rules and Regulations" 5435:Grow, Nathaniel (March 30, 2015). 5217:"Breaking down changes in new CBA" 4863: 4698:Keefer, Quinn A. W. (April 2017). 1775:Those in slots 29–30 must also be 1480:Major League Baseball (luxury tax) 14: 9808: 7790: 7560:"Caribbean Premier League (2014)" 7532: 7318:Johannsen, Dana (29 March 2008). 7239:Givony, Jonathan (1 March 2018). 7042:Davidson, John (5 October 2020). 6146:"Salary cap just sleight of hand" 5386:"Six teams set to pay luxury tax" 5215:Coon, Larry (November 28, 2011). 4829:Journal of Economics and Business 4376:Moonda, Firdose (20 April 2016). 4327:. 13 October 2011. Archived from 2960: 2276:, the salary cap was 620 million 1204:The negotiations for the 2004–05 1018: 625:an unexpectedly high bid from Fox 485: 435:A salary cap can be defined as a 9706: 9705: 8999:Corporate collapses and scandals 7748: 7722: 7700: 7678: 7666: 7654: 7625: 7603: 7577: 7552: 7526: 7506: 7481: 7397: 7336: 7260: 7232: 7171: 7141: 7112: 7087: 7061: 7035: 6981: 6956: 6926: 6900: 6874: 6844: 6831:Rugby Union Players' Association 6819: 6798:Smith, Wayne (10 January 2018). 6791: 6765: 5726:. National Women's Soccer League 5384:Todd, Jeff (December 16, 2016). 4267:List of largest sports contracts 4219: 4207: 4171: 4159: 4123: 4111: 4071: 4034: 3995: 3952: 3940: 3901: 3862: 3823: 3811: 3772: 3733: 3694: 3655: 3618: 3606: 3568: 3529: 3517: 3477: 3437: 3425: 3206: 3196: 3186: 3177: 2733:National Provincial Championship 2706:Rugby Union Players' Association 2686: 2146: 1566:2004–2007, 2010–2011, 2015–2016 1486:Major League Baseball luxury tax 1458:$ 4.25 + $ 0.50 per $ 5 million 1455:$ 3.25 + $ 0.50 per $ 5 million 1027: 494: 373: 229:National Provincial Championship 140:, the top-level leagues in both 7095:"Slow Start For Marquee Scheme" 7075:. Football Federation Australia 6934:"Kiwis adopt salary cap - News" 6737: 6711: 6684: 6659: 6634: 6604: 6584:Dutton, Chris (30 March 2017). 6577: 6550: 6538: 6508: 6482: 6471: 6460: 6451: 6442: 6433: 6408: 6390: 6335: 6305: 6276: 6218: 6189: 6163: 6075: 6053: 6027: 6005: 5853: 5827: 5775: 5767:Kassouf, Jeff (February 2022). 5760: 5716: 5693: 5639: 5578: 5553: 5501: 5479: 5454: 5428: 5403: 5360: 5347: 5267: 5234: 5150: 5125: 5041: 5016: 4991: 4965: 4816: 4777: 4738: 4691: 4644: 4635: 4610: 4585: 4559: 4545: 4520: 4506: 3507:National Basketball Association 2776:(which debuted in 2019–20) and 2636: 2471:since its salaries are paid in 1963:United States Soccer Federation 1673:, the author of the bestseller 1400:Standard tax per excess dollar 1199: 1089:Prior to the resolution of the 610:Collective Bargaining Agreement 332:All-America Football Conference 302:Financial Fair Play Regulations 115:National Basketball Association 64:National Basketball Association 9499:Employment-to-population ratio 8871:Occupational health psychology 7876: 7756:"WNBA Team Salary Cap Tracker" 6744:Payten, Iain (30 March 2011). 6667:"Tip of the cap nudges Pocock" 6611:Newman, Beth (11 April 2017). 6416:"Veteran Players – AFL.com.au" 6371:Kaplan, Emily (May 28, 2021). 6035:"Salary Cap changes confirmed" 5987:"Aviva Premiership Salary Cap" 5487:"Roster Rules and Regulations" 4841:10.1016/j.jeconbus.2007.08.002 4456:Florio, Mike (July 30, 2011). 4429: 4412: 4395: 4369: 4343: 4313: 4288: 4061:National Women's Soccer League 3376: 2624: 2060: 1959:National Women's Soccer League 1805:board of governors meeting in 1719:if such a cap is implemented. 330:Another famous example is the 100:National Women's Soccer League 47:by owners and administrators. 1: 9587:Works Progress Administration 9479:Unemployment Convention, 1919 8891:Personal protective equipment 8444:Occupational Outlook Handbook 7431:Lynch, Jody (March 1, 2021). 6989:"Rugby salary cap cut coming" 6516:"Reference Centre Navigation" 6170:Eddison, Paul (23 May 2014). 5700:Kassouf, Jeff (11 May 2021). 5646:Bell, Jack (April 13, 2013). 5328:Coon, Larry (June 30, 2017). 4763:10.18666/jasm-2017-v9-i1-7528 4282: 3220: 1788:and homegrown player subsidy. 1441:$ 15 million to $ 25 million 1430:$ 10 million to $ 15 million 1265:and will be $ 74 million for 9772:Sports rules and regulations 9668:Psychopathy in the workplace 8841:Human factors and ergonomics 7267:Uluc, Olgun (2 March 2018). 6398:"Top clubs agree salary cap" 2950:Chinese Football Association 2933:for "overdue payables"; and 2484:In Australia and New Zealand 2227:European Rugby Challenge Cup 2223:European Rugby Champions Cup 2221:, and from 2014 to 2015 the 2012: 1937:The salary cap of the first 1930:Other North American leagues 1649: 1452:Each additional $ 5 million 1419:$ 5 million to $ 10 million 1381:Defensive Player of the Year 1234:, the salary cap was set at 252:and also including teams in 7: 9653:Narcissism in the workplace 8866:Occupational exposure limit 6691:Harris, Bret (2012-05-02). 6114:"Top 14 set for salary cap" 6063:. Premiership Rugby Limited 4704:Journal of Sports Economics 4657:Journal of Sports Economics 4553:"NFL Owners opt out of CBA" 4260: 4197:North American Rugby League 2751: 2553: 1971:Mexican Football Federation 1967:Canadian Soccer Association 307: 292:Recently, several European 205:(association football) and 84:North American Rugby League 50: 10: 9813: 9582:Civil Works Administration 9464:Technological unemployment 8940:Workplace health promotion 8397:Professional certification 8094:Personality–job fit theory 7124:National Basketball League 7120:"Salary Cap/Player Points" 3762:Australian Football League 3231:Comparison of Salary Caps 2971:Comparison of Salary Caps 2856: 2826:National Basketball League 2820:National Basketball League 2640: 2616:State and regional leagues 2596:spending for these teams. 2501:Australian Football League 2492: 1835:Amount involved in breach 1734: 1483: 1397:Amount over tax threshold 1323: 1259:a later lockout in 2012–13 1000: 449:Melbourne Storm in the NRL 207:National Basketball League 188:Australian Football League 9701: 9600: 9562:Guaranteed minimum income 9519: 9360: 9234: 9147:Organizational commitment 9099: 8991: 8958: 8821: 8746: 8623: 8550: 8484: 8271: 8193: 8137: 7987: 7884: 5617:Cite uses generic title ( 5437:"The MLBPA Has a Problem" 5355:ESPN.com, August 30, 2000 4802:10.1108/00251740910929731 4488:Reedy, Joe (2018-12-27). 4098:Premier Hockey Federation 3723:Kontinental Hockey League 3297: 3292:Bangladesh Premier League 2861:In netball's now-defunct 2489:Australian rules football 2435:, a principality with no 2351:football league, and the 2260:Kontinental Hockey League 2211:United Rugby Championship 2055:Kontinental Hockey League 2021:competitions, as well as 1999:Premier Hockey Federation 1679:, have argued that using 1490:Instead of a salary cap, 1353:, named after the former 1165:eventually being played. 599:In North American leagues 349:system, which is used in 246:Kontinental Hockey League 169:United Rugby Championship 104:Premier Hockey Federation 9731:Aspects of organizations 9412:Involuntary unemployment 8973:Equal pay for equal work 8896:Repetitive strain injury 8402:Professional development 8392:Professional association 8074:Letter of recommendation 4716:10.1177/1527002515574515 4669:10.1177/1527002509354890 3891:Canadian Football League 3466:National Football League 3353:Caribbean Premier League 2561:Trading cash for players 2448:are not nearly as great. 2413:promotion and relegation 2406:Europa Conference League 2153:Ligue Nationale de Rugby 1895:Saskatchewan Roughriders 1803:Canadian Football League 1797:Canadian Football League 1310:Trading cash for players 1132:World Hockey Association 1130:(NHLPA) and the upstart 1128:NHL Players' Association 604:National Football League 347:promotion and relegation 92:National Lacrosse League 88:Canadian Football League 68:National Football League 9716:Aspects of corporations 9678:Slow movement (culture) 9557:Employer of last resort 9459:Structural unemployment 9397:Frictional unemployment 8836:Epilepsy and employment 8723:Performance-related pay 8657:National average salary 8575:996 working hour system 6547:, March 1, 2012, page 1 2929:were expelled from the 2804:In the 2006–07 season, 2683:between 1998 and 2019. 2587:Football department cap 2548:AFL Players Association 2451:Europeans use multiple 2353:English Football League 2191:French Rugby Federation 1874:First and Second Round 1857:$ 100,000 to $ 300,000 1688:(the central figure of 1669:Other pundits, such as 1500:competitive balance tax 992:Year by Year Salary Cap 9777:Sports labor relations 9726:Aspects of occupations 9532:Unemployment insurance 9484:Unemployment extension 9454:Reserve army of labour 9259:Constructive dismissal 9066:Sleeping while on duty 9031:Exploitation of labour 8913:Sick building syndrome 8089:Person–environment fit 7959:Independent contractor 7324:The New Zealand Herald 7273:Fox Sports (Australia) 6621:Australian Rugby Union 4527:Michael Holly (2004). 3972:Designated Player Rule 3596:National Hockey League 2948:In December 2020, the 2913:financially rocked by 2786:Designated Player Rule 2692:Australia: Super Rugby 2219:European Challenge Cup 1841:Draft picks forfeited 1737:Designated Player Rule 1351:"Larry Bird" exception 1009:National Hockey League 997:National Hockey League 476:standard form contract 72:National Hockey League 9736:Aspects of workplaces 9474:Unemployment benefits 9469:Types of unemployment 9407:Graduate unemployment 9301:Letter of resignation 8930:Workers' compensation 8923:Occupational fatality 8432:Vocational university 8032:Employment counsellor 6545:Sydney Morning Herald 5633:"mlr salary cap 2020" 5489:. Major League Soccer 5101:Diamond, Dan (1991). 4409:, Vol. 9, Article 17. 4325:Midwestsportsfans.com 3801:National Rugby League 3684:Indian Premier League 3415:Major League Baseball 3322:Indian Premier League 3047:Two players per club 2886:Suncorp Super Netball 2756:Both national senior 2649:National Rugby League 1939:Arena Football League 1905:Winnipeg Blue Bombers 1838:Penalty for each $ 1 1492:Major League Baseball 1324:Further information: 1001:Further information: 355:UEFA Champions League 216:in Australia and the 214:Suncorp Super Netball 199:National Rugby League 146:Gallagher Premiership 123:Major League Baseball 117:uses a soft cap plus 9542:Job creation program 9318:Mandatory retirement 9271:Employee offboarding 9091:Workplace incivility 9086:Workplace harassment 8861:Occupational disease 8856:Occupational burnout 8771:Disability insurance 8615:Workweek and weekend 8422:Vocational education 8337:Continuing education 8175:Permanent employment 7460:. 26 September 2018. 6646:Brisbanetimes.com.au 6041:on 17 September 2014 5993:on 24 September 2015 5962:on 24 September 2015 4593:"Sports Illustrated" 4066:Association football 3990:Association football 3935:Association football 3563:Association football 3558:Chinese Super League 3406:(original currency) 3398:(original currency) 3281:19th marquee player 3255:Exclusions from cap 3244:(in local currency) 2995:Exclusions from cap 2935:Tianjin Jinmen Tiger 2931:AFC Champions League 2919:Chinese Super League 2905:Chinese Super League 2828:has a salary cap of 2801:competition points. 2797:contract tampering. 2768:, have salary caps. 2758:association football 2747:Association football 2675:premiership points. 2604:Criticism of the cap 2337:association football 2331:In European football 2187:France national team 2109:2011 Rugby World Cup 2076:the following season 1868:More than $ 300,000 1614:Washington Nationals 1588:San Francisco Giants 1408:$ 5 million or less 1051:improve this section 735:Maximum team salary 518:improve this section 397:improve this section 300:introduced a set of 294:association football 286:Chinese Super League 9792:Personnel economics 9447:Recession-proof job 9442:Lists of recessions 9380:Economic depression 9328:Retirement planning 9209:Work–life interface 9046:Employee monitoring 9014:Corporate behaviour 9004:Accounting scandals 8886:Occupational stress 8876:Occupational injury 8412:Reflective practice 8407:Professional school 8129:Work-at-home scheme 8049:Induction programme 8027:Employment contract 8007:Business networking 7832:NRL salary cap page 7688:. Premiership Rugby 7379:The Daily Telegraph 7069:"Salary Cap System" 6751:The Daily Telegraph 6726:on 3 September 2013 5681:on January 28, 2013 4790:Management Decision 4463:Profootballtalk.com 3985:Indian Super League 3930:Major League Soccer 3767:Australian football 3232: 2972: 2790:Major League Soccer 2384:, as the number of 2373:have been forbidden 2266:Russian Superleague 2066:English Premiership 2047:English Premiership 1954:semi-professional. 1731:Major League Soccer 1549:Los Angeles Dodgers 1155:1994–95 NHL lockout 1144:Toronto Maple Leafs 1112:, the NHL's strict 1101:and no salary cap. 690:Washington Redskins 76:Major League Soccer 21:professional sports 9797:Wages and salaries 9710:See also templates 9547:Job creation index 9511:Youth unemployment 9375:Discouraged worker 9264:Wrongful dismissal 9244:At-will employment 9117:Civil conscription 9081:Workplace bullying 8968:Affirmative action 8950:Workplace wellness 8881:Occupational noise 8522:Long service leave 8382:Overspecialization 8362:Induction training 8317:Career development 7822:NBA salary cap FAQ 7564:www.pakpassion.net 7539:Bleacherreport.com 7300:on 12 January 2013 6856:www.nzherald.co.nz 6590:The Canberra Times 6565:. News Corporation 6404:. 5 November 2002. 6349:. 20 December 2011 6120:. 17 December 2009 6089:. 8 September 2016 5892:. 17 December 2008 5653:The New York Times 5416:. pp. 132–133 5390:mlbtraderumors.com 5370:", forthcoming in 5334:NBA Salary Cap FAQ 5143:2009-07-22 at the 4979:. 25 February 2016 4573:. 8 September 2011 4439:", forthcoming in 4331:on 2 December 2011 4149:Major League Rugby 3249:(adjusted to USD) 3230: 3154:Major League Rugby 2970: 2571:Success of the cap 2317:2012–13 KHL season 2274:2009-10 KHL season 2151:In December 2009, 1987:its players' union 1924:Major League Rugby 1918:Major League Rugby 1888:Montreal Alouettes 1713:MLB players' union 1702:Pittsburgh Pirates 1627:Los Angeles Angels 1232:2005–06 NHL season 1225:Current salary cap 1219:2004–05 NHL season 1148:Maple Leaf Gardens 1011:(NHL). During the 682:New Orleans Saints 224:, was also capped. 160:—have salary caps. 110:in various sports. 80:Major League Rugby 9759: 9758: 9658:Post-work society 9638:Kiss up kick down 9370:Barriers to entry 9335:Severance package 9167:Human trafficking 9061:Sexual harassment 9041:Employee handbook 8960:Equal opportunity 8823:Safety and health 8813:Take-home vehicle 8427:Vocational school 8377:Lifelong learning 8352:Further education 8312:Career counseling 8307:Career assessment 8084:Overqualification 7493:www.google.com.au 7189:on 8 January 2015 7159:on 8 January 2015 7022:thewomensgame.com 6886:Radio New Zealand 6779:. 10 January 2018 6775:(Press release). 6323:. 21 January 2016 5790:. Pro Soccer Wire 5307:Los Angeles Times 5160:(June 21, 2016). 4243: 4242: 3896:Canadian football 3852:Premiership Rugby 3471:American football 3374: 3373: 3170: 3169: 3105:5.5m (from 2019) 2989:(local currency) 2882:Netball Australia 2533:West Coast Eagles 2360:European football 2335:Several European 2249:Welsh Rugby Union 2205:Welsh rugby union 2168:Mourad Boudjellal 2111:final tournament. 2037:it operated on a 1878: 1877: 1777:homegrown players 1766:Generation adidas 1709:Milwaukee Brewers 1638: 1637: 1462: 1461: 1276:" or "cap room". 1138:, in particular, 1087: 1086: 1079: 989: 988: 985:$ 34.608 million 969:$ 40.753 million 961:$ 41.454 million 953:$ 52.388 million 945:$ 57.288 million 937:$ 62.172 million 929:$ 67.405 million 921:$ 71.101 million 913:$ 75.007 million 905:$ 80.582 million 815:$ 143.28 million 807:$ 155.27 million 799:$ 167.00 million 554: 553: 546: 433: 432: 425: 351:European football 325:Union Association 9804: 9746:Critique of work 9741:Corporate titles 9709: 9708: 9628:Evil corporation 9494:Employment rates 9417:Jobless recovery 9385:Great Depression 9345:Golden parachute 9340:Golden handshake 9137:Job satisfaction 9127:Critique of work 8945:Workplace phobia 8776:Health insurance 8733:Wage compression 8701:Progressive wage 8560:35-hour workweek 8527:No call, no show 8517:Leave of absence 8367:Knowledge worker 8295:Master craftsman 8099:Personality hire 8037:Executive search 8017:Curriculum vitae 8002:Background check 7871: 7864: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7785: 7784: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7682: 7676: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7637: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7471: 7462: 7461: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7428: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7369: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7210: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7185:. Archived from 7175: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7155:. Archived from 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7126:. Archived from 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7013: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6940:. Archived from 6930: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6888:. 21 August 2013 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6858:. Archived from 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6722:. Archived from 6715: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6522:. Archived from 6512: 6506: 6500: 6491: 6486: 6480: 6475: 6469: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6449: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6368: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6288: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6259: 6251: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6201: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6141: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6110: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5983: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5952: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5915: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5809: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5615: 5613: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5592:. Archived from 5590:www.sportsnet.ca 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5563:. Archived from 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5381: 5375: 5364: 5358: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5246: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5212: 5195: 5194: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5154: 5148: 5135:. July 22, 2005. 5129: 5123: 5122: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4947:Overthecap.com. 4944: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4872: 4861: 4860: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4494:Associated Press 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4453: 4444: 4441:Economic Inquiry 4433: 4427: 4416: 4410: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4357:. 21 August 2013 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4292: 4254: 4251: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3624: 3622: 3621: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3487: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3381: 3380: 3328: 3300: 3299: 3233: 3229: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3181: 2973: 2969: 2927:Shandong Taishan 2863:ANZ Championship 2727:New Zealand: NPC 2398:Champions League 2386:places allocated 2039:licensing system 1846:First $ 100,000 1832: 1831: 1824:Edmonton Eskimos 1786:allocation money 1694:New York Yankees 1684:General Manager 1579:2008, 2016–2017 1536:New York Yankees 1515: 1514: 1394: 1393: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1191:NHL Commissioner 1175:Quebec Nordiques 1082: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1062: 1031: 1023: 1013:Great Depression 839:$ 120.6 million 791:$ 177.2 million 783:$ 188.2 million 767:$ 182.5 million 759:$ 208.2 million 751:$ 224.8 million 743:$ 255.4 million 729: 728: 578:long been exempt 549: 542: 538: 535: 529: 498: 490: 428: 421: 417: 414: 408: 377: 369: 345:rather than the 343:franchise system 336:Cleveland Browns 222:ANZ Championship 201:(rugby league), 9812: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9802: 9801: 9762: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9751:Organized labor 9721:Aspects of jobs 9697: 9688:Toxic workplace 9623:Emotional labor 9596: 9520:Public programs 9515: 9432:Great Recession 9402:Full employment 9390:Long Depression 9356: 9254:Banishment room 9230: 9152:Refusal of work 9095: 9019:Corporate crime 8987: 8954: 8817: 8742: 8619: 8546: 8480: 8357:Graduate school 8267: 8189: 8133: 8124:Underemployment 7983: 7927:Self-employment 7902:Contingent work 7892:Academic tenure 7885:Classifications 7880: 7875: 7797:salary caps 101 7793: 7788: 7783:. 4 April 2021. 7779: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7727: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7671: 7667: 7659: 7655: 7645: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7630: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7609: 7608: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7531: 7527: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7497: 7495: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7473: 7472: 7465: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7441: 7439: 7429: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7370: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7341: 7337: 7328: 7326: 7316: 7312: 7303: 7301: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7265: 7261: 7251: 7249: 7237: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7220:on 22 July 2017 7212: 7211: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7162: 7160: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7133: 7131: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7078: 7076: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7040: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7014: 7007: 6998: 6996: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6973: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6944:on 24 June 2013 6932: 6931: 6927: 6917: 6915: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6862:on 17 June 2013 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6796: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6777:Rugby Australia 6771: 6770: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6742: 6738: 6729: 6727: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6703: 6701: 6689: 6685: 6676: 6674: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6651: 6649: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6592:. Fairfax Media 6582: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6563:Daily Telegraph 6555: 6551: 6543: 6539: 6529: 6527: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6505:29 October 2019 6501: 6494: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6461: 6456: 6452: 6447: 6443: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6369: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6341: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6286: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6232:. 17 April 2013 6224: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6142: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6112: 6111: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6018: 6016: 6011: 6010: 6006: 5996: 5994: 5985: 5984: 5975: 5965: 5963: 5954: 5953: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5884: 5883: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5780: 5776: 5765: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5704:. The Equalizer 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5644: 5640: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5599: 5597: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5570: 5568: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5471: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5445: 5443: 5433: 5429: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5382: 5378: 5365: 5361: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5225: 5223: 5213: 5198: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5155: 5151: 5145:Wayback Machine 5136: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5075: 5074: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4957: 4955: 4945: 4941: 4936:. 23 July 2020. 4932: 4931: 4927: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4884: 4882: 4874: 4873: 4864: 4821: 4817: 4782: 4778: 4743: 4739: 4696: 4692: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4525: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4498: 4496: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4454: 4447: 4434: 4430: 4417: 4413: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4208: 4206: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4160: 4158: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4112: 4110: 4072: 4070: 4035: 4033: 3996: 3994: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3941: 3939: 3902: 3900: 3863: 3861: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3812: 3810: 3773: 3771: 3734: 3732: 3695: 3693: 3656: 3654: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3607: 3605: 3569: 3567: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3518: 3516: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3426: 3424: 3405: 3401:Soft cap (US$ ) 3397: 3393:Hard cap (US$ ) 3379: 3326: 3266:Big Bash League 3252:Cap Introduced 3248: 3243: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3147: 3091: 3082: 3081:Academy players 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 2992:Cap Introduced 2988: 2983: 2963: 2941:folded, as did 2939:Tianjin Tianhai 2907: 2895:ANZ Premiership 2859: 2822: 2754: 2749: 2729: 2702:Rugby Australia 2694: 2689: 2645: 2639: 2627: 2618: 2606: 2589: 2573: 2556: 2497: 2491: 2486: 2473:pounds sterling 2333: 2262: 2207: 2176:Jonny Wilkinson 2149: 2084:Rugby World Cup 2068: 2063: 2049:and the French 2015: 1979:Liga MX Femenil 1969:(CSA); and the 1943:Tampa Bay Storm 1932: 1920: 1799: 1739: 1733: 1724:2004–05 lockout 1652: 1498:(also called a 1488: 1482: 1328: 1322: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1227: 1202: 1120:Player salaries 1099:revenue sharing 1097:, very limited 1091:2004–05 lockout 1083: 1072: 1066: 1063: 1048: 1032: 1021: 1005: 999: 977:$ 37.1 million 897:$ 85.5 million 686:Oakland Raiders 606: 601: 582:was struck down 550: 539: 533: 530: 515: 499: 488: 429: 418: 412: 409: 394: 378: 367: 310: 218:ANZ Premiership 53: 43:by players and 17: 12: 11: 5: 9810: 9800: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9782:Sports culture 9779: 9774: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9673:Sunday scaries 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9604: 9602: 9598: 9597: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9523: 9521: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9502: 9501: 9496: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9424: 9422:Phillips curve 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9393: 9392: 9387: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9354: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9332: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9323:Retirement age 9320: 9310: 9305: 9304: 9303: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9276:Exit interview 9273: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9246: 9240: 9238: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9206: 9201: 9200: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9026:Discrimination 9023: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 8995: 8993: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8978:Gender pay gap 8975: 8970: 8964: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8915: 8910: 8909: 8908: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8798: 8793: 8791:Parental leave 8788: 8786:Marriage leave 8783: 8781:Life insurance 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8752: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8709: 8708: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8664: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8637:Income bracket 8633: 8631: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8570:Eight-hour day 8567: 8562: 8556: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8329: 8327:Creative class 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8298: 8297: 8287: 8285:Apprenticeship 8281: 8279: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8253:Scarlet-collar 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8199: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8141: 8139: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7993: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7969:Temporary work 7966: 7961: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7937:Skilled worker 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7874: 7873: 7866: 7859: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7792: 7791:External links 7789: 7787: 7786: 7772: 7747: 7721: 7699: 7677: 7665: 7653: 7624: 7602: 7576: 7551: 7533:Teale, Chris. 7525: 7505: 7480: 7463: 7449: 7418: 7396: 7361: 7335: 7310: 7285: 7259: 7231: 7200: 7170: 7140: 7111: 7086: 7060: 7034: 7005: 6980: 6955: 6925: 6899: 6873: 6843: 6818: 6805:The Australian 6790: 6764: 6736: 6710: 6683: 6658: 6633: 6603: 6576: 6549: 6537: 6520:www.nrl.com.au 6507: 6492: 6481: 6470: 6459: 6450: 6441: 6432: 6407: 6389: 6360: 6334: 6304: 6275: 6243: 6217: 6188: 6162: 6131: 6100: 6074: 6052: 6026: 6004: 5973: 5936: 5903: 5874: 5852: 5826: 5801: 5774: 5759: 5737: 5724:"Roster Rules" 5715: 5692: 5666: 5638: 5624: 5577: 5552: 5541:. 13 June 2014 5526: 5500: 5478: 5453: 5427: 5402: 5376: 5359: 5346: 5320: 5292: 5266: 5233: 5196: 5178: 5158:LeBrun, Pierre 5149: 5124: 5117: 5093: 5065: 5040: 5015: 4990: 4964: 4939: 4925: 4905: 4891: 4862: 4835:(6): 536–550. 4815: 4796:(1): 110–123. 4776: 4737: 4710:(3): 282–297. 4690: 4643: 4634: 4622:www.law360.com 4609: 4584: 4558: 4544: 4537: 4529:Patriots Reign 4519: 4516:. 2 June 2020. 4505: 4480: 4445: 4428: 4411: 4394: 4368: 4342: 4312: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4204: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4108: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4031: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 3992: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3937: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3898: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3730: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3565: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3473: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3333: 3324: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3294: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3205: 3195: 3185: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3151: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3095: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3063: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2962: 2961:In rugby union 2959: 2906: 2903: 2858: 2855: 2821: 2818: 2774:Western United 2766:A-League Women 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2728: 2725: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2643:NRL salary cap 2641:Main article: 2638: 2635: 2626: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2605: 2602: 2588: 2585: 2572: 2569: 2555: 2552: 2495:AFL salary cap 2493:Main article: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2469:United Kingdom 2465:exchange rates 2449: 2417: 2409: 2390: 2382:national pride 2377: 2369:European Union 2347:, the leading 2332: 2329: 2321:2020–21 season 2261: 2258: 2206: 2203: 2199:2015–16 season 2164:2009–10 season 2157:2010–11 season 2148: 2145: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2124:2015–16 season 2117:2014–15 season 2113: 2112: 2105: 2102: 2080:2011–12 season 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2014: 2011: 2007:2021–22 season 2003:2022–23 season 1931: 1928: 1926:is $ 500,000. 1919: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1901: 1898: 1891: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1732: 1729: 1698:Boston Red Sox 1651: 1648: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1575:Detroit Tigers 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1562:Boston Red Sox 1558: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529:Total tax paid 1526: 1521: 1484:Main article: 1481: 1478: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1355:Boston Celtics 1336:1984–85 season 1326:NBA salary cap 1321: 1318: 1263:2014–15 season 1248:2011–12 season 1226: 1223: 1201: 1198: 1159:1994–95 season 1140:Harold Ballard 1114:reserve clause 1085: 1084: 1035: 1033: 1026: 1020: 1019:Pre-salary cap 1017: 1003:NHL salary cap 998: 995: 987: 986: 983: 979: 978: 975: 971: 970: 967: 963: 962: 959: 955: 954: 951: 947: 946: 943: 939: 938: 935: 931: 930: 927: 923: 922: 919: 915: 914: 911: 907: 906: 903: 899: 898: 895: 891: 890: 889:$ 102 million 887: 883: 882: 881:$ 109 million 879: 875: 874: 873:$ 116 million 871: 867: 866: 865:$ 123 million 863: 859: 858: 853: 849: 848: 847:$ 120 million 845: 841: 840: 837: 833: 832: 831:$ 123 million 829: 825: 824: 823:$ 133 million 821: 817: 816: 813: 809: 808: 805: 801: 800: 797: 793: 792: 789: 785: 784: 781: 777: 776: 773: 769: 768: 765: 761: 760: 757: 753: 752: 749: 745: 744: 741: 737: 736: 733: 678:Dallas Cowboys 659:practice squad 605: 602: 600: 597: 558:reserve clause 552: 551: 502: 500: 493: 487: 486:Reserve clause 484: 431: 430: 381: 379: 372: 366: 363: 309: 306: 290: 289: 279: 276:2010–11 season 265: 239: 238: 237: 225: 210: 195: 174: 173: 172: 161: 131:United Kingdom 128: 127: 126: 121:system, while 111: 59:North America 52: 49: 33:Closed leagues 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9809: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9713: 9704: 9703: 9700: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9648:Make-work job 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9594: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9567:Right to work 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Job guarantee 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9537:Make-work job 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9382: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9353: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9336: 9333: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9308:Restructuring 9306: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9286:Notice period 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9224: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9192:Unfree labour 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9162:Bonded labour 9160: 9159: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9076:Whistleblower 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9009:Control fraud 9007: 9005: 9002: 9001: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8983:Glass ceiling 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8918:Work accident 8916: 8914: 8911: 8907: 8906:United States 8904: 8903: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8820: 8814: 8811: 8807: 8806:United States 8804: 8803: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8761:Casual Friday 8759: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8718:Paid time off 8716: 8714: 8713:Overtime rate 8711: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8695: 8694:United States 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8675: 8672: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8565:Four-day week 8563: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8549: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8449:Practice firm 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8347:Employability 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8248:Orange-collar 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8195:Working class 8192: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8069:Job interview 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8039: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7922:Part-time job 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7907:Full-time job 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7872: 7867: 7865: 7860: 7858: 7853: 7852: 7849: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7782: 7776: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7736: 7732: 7725: 7709: 7703: 7687: 7681: 7674: 7669: 7662: 7657: 7641: 7634: 7628: 7612: 7606: 7591: 7587: 7580: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7515: 7509: 7494: 7490: 7484: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7459: 7453: 7438: 7434: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7406: 7400: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7366: 7350: 7346: 7339: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7274: 7270: 7263: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7235: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7130:on 2013-02-11 7129: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7100: 7096: 7090: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7049: 7045: 7038: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7010: 6994: 6990: 6984: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6914: 6910: 6903: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6740: 6725: 6721: 6714: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6687: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6591: 6587: 6580: 6564: 6560: 6557:Payten, Ian. 6553: 6546: 6541: 6526:on 2012-03-14 6525: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6504: 6499: 6497: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6463: 6454: 6445: 6436: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6365: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6308: 6292: 6285: 6279: 6263: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6205: 6198: 6192: 6177: 6173: 6166: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6014: 6008: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5925:. 26 May 2011 5924: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5862: 5856: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5814: 5808: 5806: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5770: 5763: 5747: 5741: 5725: 5719: 5703: 5696: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5642: 5634: 5628: 5620: 5611: 5596:on 2012-09-05 5595: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5567:on 2015-01-21 5566: 5562: 5556: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5515:. 2 June 2006 5514: 5510: 5504: 5488: 5482: 5467: 5466:MLSsoccer.com 5463: 5457: 5442: 5441:Fangraphs.com 5438: 5431: 5412: 5406: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5373: 5369: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5237: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5192: 5188: 5182: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5120: 5118:0-7710-6727-5 5114: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4978: 4977:www.nflpa.com 4974: 4968: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4935: 4929: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4909: 4901: 4895: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4694: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4638: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4554: 4548: 4540: 4538:0-06-075794-9 4534: 4530: 4523: 4515: 4509: 4495: 4491: 4484: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4450: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4250: 4246: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4216: 4215:United States 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4168: 4167:United States 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4120: 4119:United States 4109: 4106: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079:United States 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4042:United States 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4004: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3949: 3948:United States 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3820: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3615: 3614:United States 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3526: 3525:United States 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3485:United States 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3434: 3433:United States 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3209: 3199: 3189: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062:South Africa 3054: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2943:Liaoning F.C. 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2724: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2622: 2613: 2610: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2562: 2551: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2496: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2402:Europa League 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2147:French Top 14 2144: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1927: 1925: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903:In 2009, the 1902: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886:In 2007, the 1885: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1671:Michael Lewis 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1494:implements a 1493: 1487: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1243:accordingly. 1240: 1237: 1233: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183:Winnipeg Jets 1180: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:Alan Eagleson 1121: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1110:expansion era 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1081: 1078: 1070: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1036:This section 1034: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1004: 994: 993: 984: 981: 980: 976: 973: 972: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 956: 952: 949: 948: 944: 941: 940: 936: 933: 932: 928: 925: 924: 920: 917: 916: 912: 909: 908: 904: 901: 900: 896: 893: 892: 888: 885: 884: 880: 877: 876: 872: 869: 868: 864: 861: 860: 857: 854: 851: 850: 846: 843: 842: 838: 835: 834: 830: 827: 826: 822: 819: 818: 814: 811: 810: 806: 803: 802: 798: 795: 794: 790: 787: 786: 782: 779: 778: 774: 771: 770: 766: 763: 762: 758: 755: 754: 750: 747: 746: 742: 739: 738: 734: 731: 730: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 702: 698: 694: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 666: 662: 660: 654: 650: 646: 642: 639: 635: 631: 626: 621: 617: 615: 611: 596: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:Supreme Court 567: 563: 559: 548: 545: 537: 527: 523: 519: 513: 512: 508: 503:This section 501: 497: 492: 491: 483: 481: 480:minor leagues 477: 472: 469: 465: 460: 458: 452: 450: 444: 442: 438: 427: 424: 416: 406: 402: 398: 392: 391: 387: 382:This section 380: 376: 371: 370: 362: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 328: 326: 321: 317: 313: 305: 303: 299: 295: 287: 283: 280: 277: 273: 269: 266: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 240: 234: 230: 226: 223: 219: 215: 211: 208: 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 185: 184: 182: 178: 175: 170: 166: 162: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 134: 132: 129: 124: 120: 116: 112: 109: 108:minor leagues 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 60: 58: 57: 56: 48: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 9683:Toxic leader 9663:Presenteeism 9643:Labor rights 9633:Going postal 9608:Bullshit job 9591: 9576: 9571: 9362:Unemployment 9214:Downshifting 9197:Wage slavery 9177:Penal labour 9132:Dead-end job 9122:Conscription 8901:Right to sit 8756:Annual leave 8738:Working poor 8727: 8674:Minimum wage 8652:Maximum wage 8610:Working time 8600:Six-hour day 8502:Career break 8464:Professional 8258:Black-collar 8228:White-collar 8208:Green-collar 8185:Volunteering 8022:Drug testing 8012:Cover letter 7952:Tradesperson 7775: 7763:. Retrieved 7759: 7750: 7738:. Retrieved 7734: 7724: 7712:. Retrieved 7702: 7690:. Retrieved 7680: 7668: 7656: 7644:. Retrieved 7639: 7627: 7617:February 19, 7615:. Retrieved 7605: 7595:February 19, 7593:. Retrieved 7589: 7579: 7567:. Retrieved 7563: 7554: 7542:. Retrieved 7538: 7528: 7517:. Retrieved 7508: 7496:. Retrieved 7492: 7483: 7452: 7440:. Retrieved 7436: 7409:. Retrieved 7399: 7387:. Retrieved 7377: 7352:. Retrieved 7348: 7338: 7327:. Retrieved 7323: 7313: 7302:. Retrieved 7298:the original 7288: 7276:. Retrieved 7262: 7250:. Retrieved 7244: 7234: 7222:. Retrieved 7218:the original 7191:. Retrieved 7187:the original 7182: 7173: 7161:. Retrieved 7157:the original 7152: 7143: 7132:. Retrieved 7128:the original 7114: 7102:. Retrieved 7098: 7089: 7077:. Retrieved 7072: 7063: 7051:. Retrieved 7037: 7025:. Retrieved 7021: 6997:. Retrieved 6995:. 2009-01-31 6992: 6983: 6972:. Retrieved 6970:. 2009-01-31 6967: 6958: 6946:. Retrieved 6942:the original 6937: 6928: 6916:. Retrieved 6912: 6902: 6890:. Retrieved 6876: 6864:. Retrieved 6860:the original 6855: 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6821: 6809:. Retrieved 6803: 6793: 6781:. Retrieved 6767: 6755:. Retrieved 6749: 6739: 6728:. Retrieved 6724:the original 6713: 6702:. Retrieved 6696: 6686: 6675:. Retrieved 6673:. 2012-06-03 6670: 6661: 6650:. Retrieved 6648:. 2011-03-12 6645: 6636: 6624:. Retrieved 6617:Rugby.com.au 6616: 6606: 6594:. Retrieved 6589: 6579: 6567:. Retrieved 6562: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6528:. Retrieved 6524:the original 6519: 6510: 6484: 6473: 6462: 6453: 6444: 6435: 6423:. Retrieved 6419: 6410: 6401: 6392: 6380:. Retrieved 6376: 6351:. Retrieved 6346: 6337: 6325:. Retrieved 6307: 6295:. Retrieved 6290: 6278: 6266:. Retrieved 6261: 6234:. Retrieved 6229: 6220: 6210:September 1, 6208:. Retrieved 6203: 6191: 6179:. Retrieved 6175: 6165: 6153:. Retrieved 6149: 6122:. Retrieved 6117: 6091:. Retrieved 6086: 6077: 6065:. Retrieved 6061:"Salary Cap" 6055: 6045:16 September 6043:. Retrieved 6039:the original 6029: 6017:. Retrieved 6007: 5995:. Retrieved 5991:the original 5966:21 September 5964:. Retrieved 5960:the original 5956:"Salary Cap" 5927:. Retrieved 5922: 5894:. Retrieved 5889: 5865:. Retrieved 5855: 5843:. Retrieved 5839: 5829: 5817:. Retrieved 5792:. Retrieved 5777: 5762: 5750:. Retrieved 5740: 5728:. Retrieved 5718: 5706:. Retrieved 5695: 5683:. Retrieved 5679:the original 5669: 5657:. Retrieved 5651: 5641: 5627: 5598:. Retrieved 5594:the original 5589: 5580: 5569:. Retrieved 5565:the original 5555: 5543:. Retrieved 5538: 5529: 5517:. Retrieved 5512: 5503: 5491:. Retrieved 5481: 5470:. Retrieved 5468:. 2017-02-01 5465: 5456: 5444:. Retrieved 5440: 5430: 5418:. Retrieved 5405: 5395:December 19, 5393:. Retrieved 5389: 5379: 5371: 5362: 5349: 5337:. Retrieved 5333: 5323: 5313:December 12, 5311:. Retrieved 5305: 5295: 5285:December 20, 5283:. Retrieved 5279: 5269: 5257:. Retrieved 5255:. p. 36 5248: 5236: 5226:December 12, 5224:. Retrieved 5220: 5190: 5181: 5169:. Retrieved 5165: 5152: 5132: 5127: 5103: 5096: 5084:. Retrieved 5080: 5056:. Retrieved 5052: 5043: 5031:. Retrieved 5027: 5018: 5006:. Retrieved 5002: 4993: 4981:. Retrieved 4976: 4967: 4956:. Retrieved 4953:Over the Cap 4952: 4942: 4928: 4917: 4908: 4894: 4883:. Retrieved 4879: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4663:(1): 17–28. 4660: 4656: 4646: 4637: 4625:. Retrieved 4621: 4612: 4600:. Retrieved 4596: 4587: 4575:. Retrieved 4571:Yahoo Sports 4570: 4561: 4547: 4528: 4522: 4508: 4497:. Retrieved 4493: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4461: 4440: 4431: 4423: 4414: 4406: 4397: 4385:. Retrieved 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4354: 4345: 4333:. Retrieved 4329:the original 4324: 4315: 4303:. Retrieved 4299: 4290: 4277:Minimum wage 4272:Maximum wage 4249: 4202:Rugby league 3806:Rugby league 3301:125,182,771 3239:Competition 3225: 3224: 3208: 3198: 3188: 3179: 3171: 2979:Competition 2965: 2964: 2947: 2923:Jiangsu F.C. 2909:Following a 2908: 2899: 2879: 2860: 2851: 2847:FIBA Oceania 2839: 2835: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2782: 2770: 2762:A-League Men 2755: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2721: 2710: 2695: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664:David Gallop 2661: 2657: 2646: 2637:Rugby league 2628: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2565: 2557: 2545: 2537: 2522: 2518: 2498: 2357: 2334: 2324: 2313: 2309:use the euro 2282: 2263: 2246: 2231: 2215:Heineken Cup 2208: 2196: 2180: 2161: 2150: 2141: 2121: 2114: 2092: 2088: 2069: 2027:Super League 2016: 1996: 1992: 1983: 1956: 1952: 1936: 1933: 1921: 1881: 1879: 1863:First Round 1828: 1800: 1791: 1740: 1721: 1717:legal action 1706: 1689: 1681:World Series 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1601:Chicago Cubs 1528: 1524:Years liable 1523: 1518: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1489: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1348: 1329: 1314: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274:payroll room 1271: 1256: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1228: 1203: 1200:Negotiations 1194:Gary Bettman 1167: 1163:the playoffs 1152: 1126:founded the 1118: 1106:Original Six 1103: 1088: 1073: 1064: 1049:Please help 1037: 1006: 990: 855: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699: 695: 671: 667: 663: 655: 651: 647: 643: 622: 618: 607: 586: 576:, which has 555: 540: 531: 516:Please help 504: 473: 467: 461: 453: 445: 440: 436: 434: 419: 410: 395:Please help 383: 359: 340: 329: 322: 318: 314: 311: 291: 203:A-League Men 158:rugby league 154:Super League 54: 28: 24: 18: 9572:Historical: 9296:Resignation 9236:Termination 9219:Slow living 9187:Truck wages 9172:Labour camp 9100:Willingness 8992:Infractions 8647:Living wage 8595:Remote work 8263:Gold-collar 8218:Pink-collar 8213:Grey-collar 8203:Blue-collar 8170:Labour hire 8145:Cooperative 8109:Recruitment 8064:Job hunting 7997:Application 7979:Wage labour 7964:Labour hire 7917:Job sharing 7760:spotrac.com 7692:19 February 7646:19 February 7099:FourFourTwo 7053:29 December 7027:29 December 6993:Stuff.co.nz 6968:Stuff.co.nz 6353:21 December 5867:November 5, 5845:November 5, 5752:February 1, 5685:January 26, 4154:Rugby union 3857:Rugby union 3831:New Zealand 3793:AU$ 12.45m 3650:Rugby union 3384:Competition 3377:2022 season 3348:West Indies 3193:the roster. 3119:New Zealand 3098:Super Rugby 3093:New Zealand 3032:Premiership 2984:(in euros) 2911:2020 season 2698:Super Rugby 2687:Rugby union 2631:AFL Women's 2625:AFL Women's 2541:rookie list 2510:Collingwood 2431:, plays in 2421:tax systems 2254:World Rugby 2061:Rugby union 2043:2015 season 1819:2020 season 1815:2007 season 1686:Billy Beane 1136:bidding war 1104:During the 593:Free Agency 589:free agents 248:, based in 233:Super Rugby 192:AFL Women's 181:New Zealand 150:rugby union 9766:Categories 9506:Wage curve 9313:Retirement 9226:Workaholic 9204:Work ethic 9071:Wage theft 9056:Labour law 9051:Evaluation 9036:Dress code 8801:Sick leave 8766:Child care 8728:Salary cap 8642:Income tax 8605:Shift work 8542:Time clock 8537:Sick leave 8532:Sabbatical 8497:Break room 8485:Attendance 8454:Profession 8439:Mentorship 8417:Retraining 8342:E-learning 8238:New-collar 8233:Red-collar 8180:Supervisor 8160:Internship 8079:Onboarding 7947:Technician 7942:Journeyman 7912:Gig worker 7878:Employment 7519:2018-01-06 7329:2008-06-30 7304:2007-12-22 7134:2013-03-02 6999:2017-07-01 6974:2017-07-01 6948:3 February 6866:3 February 6836:12 January 6811:12 January 6783:12 January 6730:2015-01-09 6704:2017-07-01 6698:Fox Sports 6677:2017-07-01 6671:Smh.com.au 6652:2017-07-01 6420:afl.com.au 6327:23 January 6297:August 19, 6268:August 21, 6230:ESPN Scrum 6176:ESPN Scrum 6150:ESPN Scrum 6118:ESPN Scrum 6019:21 January 5997:19 January 5923:ESPN Scrum 5571:2014-12-27 5472:2017-07-01 5420:19 October 4958:2018-03-06 4885:2024-04-26 4499:2018-12-27 4468:NBC Sports 4355:ESPN Scrum 4283:References 4105:ice hockey 4029:Basketball 3974:exception 3728:Ice hockey 3601:Ice hockey 3512:Basketball 3363:$ 350,000 3287:Bangladesh 3221:In cricket 2653:salary cap 2453:currencies 2437:income tax 2371:countries 2297:Kazakhstan 2023:ice hockey 1947:head coach 1735:See also: 1634:$ 927,059 1592:2015–2017 1556:$ 149.7 M 1553:2013–2017 1543:$ 319.6 M 1540:2003–2017 1496:luxury tax 1211:euphemisms 1181:, and the 1095:luxury tax 562:anti-trust 457:luxury tax 262:Kazakhstan 144:codes—the 119:luxury tax 25:salary cap 9693:Workhouse 9613:Busy work 9427:Recession 9291:Pink slip 9249:Dismissal 9112:Careerism 8706:Singapore 8684:Hong Kong 8552:Schedules 8471:Tradesman 8372:Licensure 8332:Education 8302:Avocation 8243:No-collar 8223:Precariat 8104:Probation 8059:Job fraud 6938:keo.co.za 6918:21 August 6892:21 August 6347:BBC Sport 6317:ESPN (UK) 6087:BBC Sport 5890:BBC Sport 5788:USA Today 5411:"MLB CBA" 4857:153649182 4849:0148-6195 4810:0025-1747 4771:2327-0187 4732:154606218 4724:1527-0025 4685:154408950 4677:1527-0025 4473:March 14, 4382:ESPN (UK) 4361:21 August 3922:CA$ 5.2m 3838:AU$ 9.4m 3819:Australia 3780:Australia 3404:Soft cap 3396:Hard cap 3277:2011–2012 3261:Australia 3089:Australia 3043:1999–2000 2957:players. 2843:FIBA Asia 2806:Sydney FC 2778:Macarthur 2442:provinces 2429:AS Monaco 2419:European 2264:When the 2134:seasons). 2013:In Europe 1690:Moneyball 1676:Moneyball 1650:Criticism 1621:$ 1.45 M 1608:$ 2.96 M 1569:$ 25.1 M 1038:does not 505:does not 466:, have a 439:cap or a 384:does not 177:Australia 163:The four 9601:See also 9527:Workfare 9352:Turnover 8748:Benefits 8629:salaries 8590:Overtime 8580:Flextime 8512:Gap year 8507:Furlough 8476:Vocation 8459:Operator 8322:Coaching 8277:training 8155:Employer 8150:Employee 8054:Job fair 7932:Side job 7765:March 2, 7735:Goal.com 7714:March 2, 7442:March 1, 7437:ESPN.com 7389:25 March 7354:25 March 7349:ESPN.com 7246:ESPN.com 7073:A-League 6402:BBC News 6377:ESPN.com 6321:PA Sport 6236:18 April 5840:ESPN.com 5794:April 6, 5659:June 10, 5610:cite web 5446:July 12, 5339:July 11, 5280:ESPN.com 5259:April 6, 5221:ESPN.com 5171:June 21, 5166:ESPN.com 5141:Archived 4387:25 April 4300:amog.com 4261:See also 4103:Women's 3455:211 mil 3420:Baseball 3390:Country 3360:350,000 3273:$ 1.37m 3270:$ 1.86m 3236:Country 3060:Scotland 2976:Country 2925:folded; 2915:COVID-19 2877:50,000. 2752:A-League 2554:Breaches 2531:and the 2529:Hawthorn 2525:Adelaide 2514:Essendon 2376:leagues. 2242:Scotland 2115:For the 2033:through 1811:Manitoba 1807:Winnipeg 1595:$ 8.8 M 1582:$ 9.0 M 1067:May 2023 856:Uncapped 638:prorated 608:The new 574:baseball 534:May 2023 413:May 2023 308:Benefits 152:and the 51:Adoption 45:lockouts 29:wage cap 9577:U.S.A.: 9182:Peonage 9157:Slavery 9107:Boreout 8846:Karoshi 8796:Pension 8585:On-call 8290:Artisan 7974:Laborer 7740:11 June 7590:NFL.com 7569:27 June 7544:27 June 7498:27 June 7411:27 July 7278:5 March 7252:5 March 7224:27 June 7193:27 June 7163:27 June 7104:27 June 6913:Reuters 6757:18 July 6530:27 June 6425:27 June 6382:May 28, 6181:15 June 6093:6 April 6067:6 April 5819:May 25, 5730:May 26, 5600:27 June 5545:27 June 5519:27 June 5493:May 11, 5191:NBA.com 5086:27 June 5081:Nfl.com 5058:27 June 5053:Nfl.com 5033:27 June 5028:Nfl.com 5008:27 June 5003:Nfl.com 4983:27 June 4919:NFL.com 4880:NFL.com 4627:27 June 4602:27 June 4577:27 June 4335:27 June 4305:27 June 4016:₹ 175m 3970:4.9m + 3870:England 3748:₽ 900m 3745:12.0 m 3709:₹ 800m 3689:Cricket 3676:€11.0m 3583:¥ 600m 3547:112.4m 3541:136.6m 3304:$ 1.5m 3172:Notes: 3077:2012–13 3056:Ireland 3027:England 3017:2010–11 2857:Netball 2506:Carlton 2349:Italian 2345:Serie A 2293:Finland 2285:Belarus 2234:Ireland 2183:2012–13 2095:2012–13 2072:2007–08 1768:player. 1447:$ 4.25 1444:$ 3.25 1436:$ 3.50 1433:$ 2.50 1425:$ 2.75 1422:$ 1.75 1414:$ 2.50 1411:$ 1.50 1344:2016–17 1303:⁄ 1293:⁄ 1267:2016–17 1215:lockout 1187:Phoenix 1142:of the 1059:removed 1044:sources 526:removed 511:sources 405:removed 390:sources 254:Belarus 242:Eurasia 138:England 41:strikes 9281:Layoff 8831:Crunch 8689:Europe 8679:Canada 8667:Europe 8273:Career 8114:Résumé 7989:Hiring 7897:Casual 7384:Sydney 7079:12 May 6569:5 July 6155:26 May 6124:26 May 5929:26 May 5896:26 May 5708:11 May 5539:Cfl.ca 5513:Cfl.ca 5115: 4855: 4847: 4808: 4769: 4730: 4722: 4683: 4675: 4597:Si.com 4555:. NFL. 4535: 4227:Canada 4224: 4212: 4179:Canada 4176: 4164: 4135:0.75m 4131:Canada 4128: 4116: 4076: 4046:1.34m 4039: 4000: 3960:Canada 3957: 3945: 3909:Canada 3906: 3883:£5.0m 3867: 3828: 3816: 3777: 3741:Russia 3738: 3706:12.4m 3699: 3673:12.7m 3663:France 3660: 3645:Top 14 3630:81.5m 3626:Canada 3623: 3611: 3580:91.7m 3573: 3537:Canada 3534: 3522: 3482: 3445:Canada 3442: 3430: 3335:$ 12m 3149:Canada 3013:10.0m 3010:10.0m 3006:Top 14 3001:France 2917:, the 2651:has a 2477:Brexit 2446:states 2433:Monaco 2404:, and 2305:Russia 2301:Latvia 2299:, and 2278:rubles 2240:, and 2172:Toulon 2051:Top 14 1179:Denver 1170:Canada 688:, and 674:season 284:: The 272:Top 14 268:France 260:, and 250:Russia 244:: The 106:, and 37:unions 9142:McJob 8662:World 8625:Wages 8492:Break 8138:Roles 7636:(PDF) 6626:4 May 6596:4 May 6287:(PDF) 6258:(PDF) 6200:(PDF) 5414:(PDF) 5245:(PDF) 4853:S2CID 4757:(1). 4728:S2CID 4681:S2CID 4231:0.3m 4183:0.5m 4083:1.1m 4013:2.7m 4003:India 3919:4.0m 3880:6.8m 3835:7.4m 3790:9.7m 3702:India 3576:China 3387:Sport 3331:Crore 3317:India 3166:None 3163:2018 3160:0.5m 3139:None 3131:1.0m 3128:0.6m 3113:None 3102:3.6m 3073:3.5m 3070:3.9m 3058:Italy 3053:Wales 3039:7.6m 3036:8.7m 2425:rates 2289:China 2238:Italy 2019:rugby 1852:None 1772:year. 1631:2004 1618:2017 1605:2016 1358:great 982:1994 974:1995 966:1996 958:1997 950:1998 942:1999 934:2000 926:2001 918:2002 910:2003 902:2004 894:2005 886:2006 878:2007 870:2008 862:2009 852:2010 844:2011 836:2012 828:2013 820:2014 812:2015 804:2016 796:2017 788:2018 780:2019 772:2020 764:2021 756:2022 748:2023 740:2024 732:Year 634:NFLPA 443:cap. 258:China 165:Welsh 142:rugby 8627:and 8275:and 8042:list 7767:2021 7742:2018 7716:2021 7694:2022 7648:2022 7619:2022 7597:2022 7571:2017 7546:2017 7500:2017 7444:2021 7413:2018 7391:2018 7356:2018 7280:2018 7254:2018 7226:2017 7195:2017 7165:2017 7106:2017 7081:2019 7055:2021 7029:2021 6950:2022 6920:2013 6894:2013 6868:2022 6838:2018 6813:2018 6785:2018 6759:2013 6628:2017 6598:2017 6571:2016 6532:2017 6427:2017 6384:2021 6355:2011 6329:2016 6299:2014 6270:2016 6238:2013 6212:2012 6183:2014 6157:2011 6126:2011 6095:2018 6069:2018 6047:2014 6021:2014 5999:2014 5968:2015 5931:2011 5898:2011 5869:2022 5847:2022 5821:2021 5796:2023 5754:2022 5732:2021 5710:2021 5687:2013 5661:2013 5619:help 5602:2017 5547:2017 5521:2017 5495:2015 5448:2018 5422:2016 5397:2016 5341:2017 5315:2011 5287:2016 5261:2017 5228:2011 5173:2016 5113:ISBN 5088:2017 5060:2017 5035:2017 5010:2017 4985:2017 4845:ISSN 4806:ISSN 4767:ISSN 4720:ISSN 4673:ISSN 4629:2017 4604:2017 4579:2017 4533:ISBN 4475:2012 4389:2016 4363:2013 4337:2017 4307:2017 3409:Ref 3367:2013 3358:US$ 3339:2008 3308:2012 3247:Cap 3242:Cap 3203:cap. 3135:2006 3109:2011 2987:Cap 2982:Cap 2875:NZ$ 2871:NZ$ 2867:NZ$ 2824:The 2764:and 2647:The 2546:The 2512:and 2499:The 2461:UEFA 2457:euro 2444:and 2423:and 2394:UEFA 2389:cap. 2225:and 2217:and 2035:2014 2031:2009 1997:The 1957:The 1893:The 1871:$ 3 1860:$ 2 1849:$ 1 1696:and 1519:Team 1330:The 1252:must 1236:US$ 1153:The 1042:any 1040:cite 630:2009 614:2013 509:any 507:cite 468:hard 447:the 441:soft 437:hard 388:any 386:cite 282:Asia 197:The 186:The 179:and 113:The 62:The 27:(or 23:, a 8165:Job 7048:SBS 4837:doi 4798:doi 4759:doi 4712:doi 4665:doi 4422:", 4405:", 3329:90 3124:NPC 3066:URC 2954:RMB 2890:A$ 2845:or 2830:A$ 2788:in 2341:G14 2325:and 1752:18. 1340:CBA 1332:NBA 1185:to 1177:to 1053:by 520:by 464:NFL 399:by 156:in 148:in 136:In 19:In 9768:: 7758:. 7733:. 7638:. 7588:. 7562:. 7537:. 7491:. 7466:^ 7435:. 7421:^ 7382:. 7376:. 7364:^ 7347:. 7322:. 7271:. 7243:. 7203:^ 7181:. 7151:. 7122:. 7097:. 7071:. 7046:. 7020:. 7008:^ 6991:. 6966:. 6936:. 6911:. 6884:. 6854:. 6829:. 6802:. 6748:. 6695:. 6669:. 6644:. 6619:. 6615:. 6588:. 6561:. 6518:. 6495:^ 6418:. 6400:. 6375:. 6363:^ 6345:. 6319:. 6315:. 6289:. 6260:. 6246:^ 6228:. 6202:. 6174:. 6148:. 6134:^ 6116:. 6103:^ 6085:. 5976:^ 5939:^ 5921:. 5906:^ 5888:. 5877:^ 5838:. 5804:^ 5786:. 5650:. 5614:: 5612:}} 5608:{{ 5588:. 5537:. 5511:. 5464:. 5439:. 5388:. 5332:. 5304:. 5278:. 5251:. 5247:. 5219:. 5199:^ 5189:. 5164:. 5111:. 5109:69 5079:. 5068:^ 5051:. 5026:. 5001:. 4975:. 4951:. 4916:. 4878:. 4865:^ 4851:. 4843:. 4833:60 4831:. 4827:. 4804:. 4794:47 4792:. 4788:. 4765:. 4753:. 4749:. 4726:. 4718:. 4708:18 4706:. 4702:. 4679:. 4671:. 4661:11 4659:. 4655:. 4620:. 4595:. 4569:. 4492:. 4466:. 4460:. 4448:^ 4380:. 4353:. 4323:. 4298:. 4086:- 4049:- 4010:- 4007:- 3977:- 3967:- 3964:- 3916:- 3913:- 3877:- 3874:- 3844:- 3841:- 3787:- 3784:- 3754:– 3751:– 3715:- 3712:- 3670:- 3667:- 3633:- 3586:- 3550:- 3544:- 3499:- 3496:- 3493:- 3458:- 3452:- 3449:- 3145:US 2849:. 2535:. 2527:, 2508:, 2400:, 2295:, 2291:, 2287:, 2236:, 2126:: 2009:. 1809:, 1269:. 1189:. 684:, 680:, 482:. 256:, 133:: 102:, 98:, 94:, 90:, 86:, 82:, 78:, 74:, 70:, 66:, 7870:e 7863:t 7856:v 7769:. 7744:. 7718:. 7696:. 7650:. 7621:. 7599:. 7573:. 7548:. 7522:. 7502:. 7477:. 7446:. 7415:. 7393:. 7358:. 7332:. 7307:. 7282:. 7256:. 7228:. 7197:. 7167:. 7137:. 7108:. 7083:. 7057:. 7031:. 7002:. 6977:. 6952:. 6922:. 6896:. 6870:. 6840:. 6815:. 6787:. 6761:. 6733:. 6707:. 6680:. 6655:. 6630:. 6600:. 6573:. 6534:. 6429:. 6386:. 6357:. 6331:. 6301:. 6272:. 6240:. 6214:. 6185:. 6159:. 6128:. 6097:. 6071:. 6049:. 6023:. 6001:. 5970:. 5933:. 5900:. 5871:. 5849:. 5823:. 5798:. 5771:. 5756:. 5734:. 5712:. 5689:. 5663:. 5635:. 5621:) 5604:. 5574:. 5549:. 5523:. 5497:. 5475:. 5450:. 5424:. 5399:. 5374:. 5357:. 5343:. 5317:. 5289:. 5263:. 5230:. 5193:. 5175:. 5147:. 5121:. 5090:. 5062:. 5037:. 5012:. 4987:. 4961:. 4922:. 4902:. 4888:. 4859:. 4839:: 4812:. 4800:: 4773:. 4761:: 4755:9 4734:. 4714:: 4687:. 4667:: 4631:. 4606:. 4581:. 4541:. 4502:. 4477:. 4443:. 4426:. 4391:. 4365:. 4339:. 4309:. 3327:₹ 3298:৳ 1779:. 1305:3 1301:2 1295:3 1291:1 1080:) 1074:( 1069:) 1065:( 1061:. 1047:. 547:) 541:( 536:) 532:( 528:. 514:. 426:) 420:( 415:) 411:( 407:. 393:. 278:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index