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1081:
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732:
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745:
869:
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993:
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181:
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336:
552:
926:
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1961:
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1122:
489:
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79:
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2906:, the existence of UNO was marked by grave structural deformations, derived from its own nature. In its conformation concurred the most diverse currents of the Nicaraguan political and ideological range: from the liberal-conservative -traditionally anticommunist and pro-U.S., to Marxist-Leninists from moscovian lineage, openly declared supporters of
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By June 1979, following a successful urban offensive, the FSLN militarily controlled all of the country except the capital. On 17 July
President Somoza resigned, and on 19 July the FSLN entered Managua, ceding control to the revolutionary movements. Somoza fled to Miami; his Nationalist Liberal Party
2033:
The initial overthrow of the Somoza dictatorial regime in 1978–79 cost many lives, and the Contra War of the 1980s took tens of thousands more and was the subject of fierce international debate. Because of the political turmoil, failing economy, and limited government influence, during the 1980s both
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submitted a Peace Plan that evolved from this meeting. During 1986 and 1987, the
Esquipulas Process was established, in which the Central American heads of state agreed on economic cooperation and a framework for peaceful conflict resolution. The Esquipulas II Accord emerged from this and was signed
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noted numerous human rights violations by the
Sandinista government. They contended that civilians "disappeared" after their arrest, that "civil and political rights" were suspended, due process was denied detainees, detainees were tortured, and "reports of the killing by government forces of those
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was generally sold freely and that the majority of radio stations were anti-Sandinista. The
Heritage Foundation claimed that the Sandinistas instituted a "spy on your neighbor" system that encouraged citizens to report any activity deemed counter-revolutionary, with those reported facing harassment
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In response, a state of emergency was declared. The US sent US$ 99 million in aid. Land and businesses of the Somoza regime were expropriated, the courts were abolished, and workers were organized into Civil
Defense Committees. The new regime declared that "elections are unnecessary", which led to
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and in the fighting that followed part of our branch was burned, but not intentionally. They were going after the Somoza-owned bank. In the turmoil they torched the bank and our building also burnt down. It was clear that the
Chamorro assassination had changed things dramatically and permanently
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A peace process started with the Sapoá Accords in 1988 and the Contra War ended after the signing of the Tela Accord in 1989 and the demobilization of the FSLN and Contra armies. A second election in 1990 resulted in the election of a majority of anti-Sandinista parties and the FSLN lost power.
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Upon taking office in
January 1981, Reagan cancelled U.S. economic aid to Nicaragua, and on 6 August 1981 he signed National Security Decision Directive 7, which authorized the production and shipment of arms to the region but not their deployment. On 17 November 1981, President Reagan signed
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On 22 August 1978 the FSLN staged a massive kidnapping operation. Led by Éden
Pastora, the Sandinistan forces captured the National Palace while the legislature was in session, taking 2,000 hostages. Pastora demanded money, the release of Sandinistan prisoners, and "a means of publicizing the
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with few productive outputs, including cotton, sugar and other agricultural products. All sectors of the economy of
Nicaragua were determined, in great part, by the Somozas or their supporters, whether by directly owning agricultural brands/trusts, or actively choosing their owners (local or
2425:
In 1985, the
Agrarian Reform distributed 950 square kilometres (235,000 acres) of land to the peasantry. This represented about 75 percent of all land distributed to peasants since 1980. The reform had the twofold purpose of increasing support for the government among the
2709:-backed Contras secretly opened a "second front" on Nicaragua's eastern coast and Costa Rican border. As the civil war opened cracks in the national revolutionary project, FSLN's military budget grew to more than half of the government's annual budget. The
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noted that "...the Miskitos began to actively oppose the Sandinistas in 1982 when authorities killed more than a dozen Indians, burned villages, forcibly recruited young men into the army and tried to relocate others. Thousands of Miskitos poured across the
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in Managua targeting the Somoza regime. Following the riots, a general strike on 23–24 January called for the end of the Somoza regime and was successful at shutting down around 80% of businesses in Managua and the provincial capitals of
2860:. Sandinismo in 1988 was coming to an end as the Soviet Union began limiting its support. This in turn limited Sandinista government options to continue the conflict, forcing them to negotiate for peace. The accord was mediated by
2174:. They launched an unsuccessful the Río Coco/Bocay-Raití campaign: "when guerrillas did encounter the National Guard, they had to retreat...with heavy losses." Further operations included a devastating loss near the city of
225:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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foreign). Somoza himself was (incorrectly) alleged to have owned 1/5 of all profitable land in Nicaragua. Somoza or his people did own or give away banks, ports, communications, services and massive amounts of land.
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took place on 4 November. Of the 1,551,597 citizens registered in July, 1,170,142 voted (75.4%). Null votes were 6% of the total. International observers declared the elections free and fair, although the
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In the 1970s, FSLN began a campaign of kidnappings, which led to national recognition of the group in the Nicaraguan media and solidification of the group as a force. The regime, which included the
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Sandinista cause." After two days, the government agreed to pay $ 500,000 and to release certain prisoners, a major victory for the FSLN. Revolts against the state and guerrilla warfare continued.
4640:, Nicanet, Retrieved November 2009. This is a first-hand account from Matagalpa; also contains some information on the general situation. Has photograph showing considerable damage to Matagalpa.
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supervised negotiations between the FSLN and the government. However, these broke down when it became clear that the Somoza regime had no intention of allowing democratic elections.
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352:, a government spy captured by guerrilla forces, destruction of towns and villages taken by guerrilla forces, a bombing by the National Guard air force, an FSLN soldier aiming an
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The Sapoá Accords at March 23, 1988 represented the beginning of a peace process in Nicaragua. The name of the accords comes from Sapoá, a Nicaraguan town near the border with
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Consisting of approximately 20 members during the 1960s, with the help of students, FSLN gathered support from peasants and anti-Somoza elements, as well as from the communist
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administration, charged the Sandinista government with human rights violations, including press censorship. It charged that the government censored the independent newspaper
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By the 1970s the coalition of students, farmers, businesses, churches, and a small percentage of Marxists was strong enough to launch a military effort against the regime of
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Solá Monserrat, Roser. "Geografía y Estructura Económicas de Nicaragua" (Nicaragua's Geography and Economical Structure). Universidad Centroamericana. Managua, 1989. 2nd ed.
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strategy for dealing with Latin America, and attempted to isolate the Sandinista regime economically and politically. As early as 1980–1981, anti-Sandinista forces known as
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regime, rather than because they were Jewish. They cited the fact that there were prominent Sandinistas officials of Jewish descent. In contrast to these organizations, the
235:
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Immediately following the fall of the Somoza regime, Nicaragua lay largely in ruins. The country had suffered both war and, earlier, natural disaster in the devastating
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By 1982, Contra forces had begun carrying out assassinations of members of the Nicaraguan government, and by 1983 the Contras had launched a major offensive. The
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disputed Heritage's allegations of anti-Semitism. According to them, individual Nicaraguan Jews had their property expropriated due to their connections with the
2549:, stating that over 15,000 Miskitos were forced to relocate, that their villages were destroyed, and that their killers were promoted rather than punished. The
2140:. The founders were experienced activists. Amador, first General Secretary, had worked with others on a newspaper "broadly critical" of the Somoza reign titled
6808:
3993:
2334:. In 1979, approximately 600,000 Nicaraguans were homeless and 150,000 more were either refugees or in exile, out of a total population of just 2.8 million.
2591:. It worked closely with Nicaraguan Jewish exiles to reclaim a synagogue that had been firebombed by Sandinista militants in 1978 and expropriated in 1979.
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In addition to Contra units loyal to Somoza, FSLN also began to face opposition from members of ethnic minority groups that inhabited Nicaragua's remote
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focused on secondary school and university students drafting teachers as volunteer teachers. Within five months they claimed to have reduced the overall
3154:"Private Contra Funding of $ 32 Million Disclosed : Leader Shows Secret Bank Data in Effort to Prove Rebels Did Not Get Money From Iran Arms Sales"
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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3835:. Managua: Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica de la Universidad Centroamericana; Huelva : Universidad de Huelva, 2012. p. 273.
3796:. Managua: Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica de la Universidad Centroamericana; Huelva : Universidad de Huelva, 2012. p. 132.
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4615:
Schmidli, William Michael, "'The Most Sophisticated Intervention We Have Seen': The Carter Administration and the Nicaraguan Crisis, 1978–1979,"
3367:"The Sandinista Revolution and the Limits of the Cold War in Latin America: The Dilemma of Nonintervention During the Nicaraguan Crisis, 1977–78"
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2237:, intimidation and press censorship in order to combat the FSLN attacks. This led to international condemnation of the regime and in 1978 the
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Economic reforms overall needed to restart the economy. As a developing country, Nicaragua had an agriculture-based economy, susceptible to
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1989:
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Article 1 of the Agrarian Reform Law says that property is guaranteed if it is sed efficiently and described different forms of property:
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border. Many of the initial Contras were former members of Somoza's National Guard and many were still loyal to Somoza, then in exile in
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2461:" award. This was followed by literacy campaigns of 1982, 1986, 1987, 1995 and 2000, each of which was also awarded by UNESCO.
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David Close, Salvador Marti Puig & Shelley McConnell (2010) "The Sandinistas and Nicaragua, 1979–2009" NY: Lynne Rienner.
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2430:, and guaranteeing ample food delivery into the cities. During 1985, ceremonies were held throughout the countryside in which
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Active Marianismo: Women's social and political action in Nicaraguan Christian base communities and the Sandinista revolution
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In May 1986, summit meeting Esquipulas I took place, attended by the five Central American presidents. On 15 February 1987,
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dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the ouster of the dictatorship in 1978–79, and fighting between the government and the
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The principles that defined the reform matched those of the Revolution: pluralism, national unity, and economic democracy.
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4500:"Proxy wars in Nicaragua and Angola – The Cold War, 1972–1991 – OCR A – GCSE History Revision – OCR A – BBC Bitesize"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The Nicaraguan Revolution brought immense restructuring to all three sectors of the economy, directing it towards a
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3033:"Participation of Costa Rican government in arms smuggling, for Sandinistas in 1979 and for Contras in mid-1980's"
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cooperative property (confiscated land, but without individual certificates of ownership, to be used efficiently)
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Since the very moment of inception, under the political guidance and technical and financial support from the
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Fonseca died in combat in November 1976. The FSLN then split into three factions that fought separately: the
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2853:. It laid the ground for international verification procedures and provided a timetable for implementation.
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became practically defunct, and many government functionaries and business figures overtly compromised with
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and, based on it, started to print cheap editions of basic books rarely seen by Nicaraguans. It founded an
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Nicaragua: The Imagining of a Nation – From Nineteenth-Century Liberals to Twentieth-Century Sandinistas
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Nicaragua: The Imagining of a Nation – From Nineteenth-Century Liberals to Twentieth-Century Sandinistas
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Nicaragua: The Imagining of a Nation – From Nineteenth-Century Liberals to Twentieth-Century Sandinistas
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Enrique Bermudez (with Michael Johns), "The Contras' Valley Forge: How I View the Nicaragua Crisis",
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Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair, 1995. pp. 165, 271, 481.
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2690:, but the FSLN refused to grant this and began using forced relocations and armed force in response.
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individual property (as long as it was efficiently used and integrated to national development plans)
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chose exile. The Catholic church and the professional sectors generally approved of the new reality.
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Head, Michael & Viglietti, Brian (2012). "Question 35/48: Nicaraguan 'Contra' Mining Campaign".
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was helping them to plant mines in Nicaragua harbors to inhibit foreign weapons shipments. The 1987
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Conflict Encyclopedia, Nicaragua, State-based conflict, In depth, Nicaragua under Sandinista rule,
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The Somocista regime had created a big and modern center, Managua, surrounded an almost semifeudal
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10,000–43,000 total killed; best estimate using most detailed battle information is 30,000 killed.
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Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair, 1995. pp. 216, 485.
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prices. The rural economy was far behind in technology and devastated by the guerrilla warfare.
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denounced it as a "Soviet style sham". The national share of valid votes for president were:
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3615:"The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946–2008, Version 3.0: Documentation of Coding Decisions"
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http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#
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http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#
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http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#
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http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117®ionSelect=4-Central_Americas#
3538:. Swedish International Development Corporation Agency (www.sida.se). 2009. Archived from
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Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair, 1995. p. 485.
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Esquipulas II defined measures to promote national reconciliation, an end to hostilities,
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took power, and ruled from 1937 until its ouster in 1979. The Somoza dynasty consisted of
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Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair, 1995. p. 27.
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2262:. The alliance included two anti-Somoza liberal parties as well as conservatives and the
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Salvador Martí Puig "Nicaragua. La revolución enredada" Lirbos de la Catarata: Madrid.
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between the USSR and the US. Peace process management relied on then Soviet ambassador
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National Security Directive 17, authorizing covert support to anti-Sandinista forces.
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4166:"Miskito Indians Forced to Flee : Their Dreams of Returning to Nicaragua Fade"
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2007:
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French journalist Viktor Dedaj, who lived in Managua in the 1980s, contended that
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The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability. p. 255.
2838:
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Conflict Encyclopedia, Nicaragua, State-based conflict, In depth, Contras/FDN,
2907:
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2100:. The Somoza era was characterized by economic development, albeit with rising
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1199:
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3676:
Conflict Encyclopedia, Nicaragua, State-based conflict, In depth, Background,
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On 10 January 1978 Cardenal was murdered, allegedly by the Somoza regime, and
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was a mid-1980s initiative to settle the military conflicts that had plagued
2605:
investigated abuses by Sandinista forces, including an execution of 35 to 40
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2465:
2431:
2363:
2185:
Tendencia GPP (Guerra Popular Prolongada) (English: Prolonged People's War);
2152:
2071:
2055:
2015:
1585:
1518:
1244:
1162:
557:
471:
419:
335:
4711:, especially Chapter 1, which is by Marisabel Brás. Retrieved November 2009.
4514:"Toomas Alatalu: Vaino Väljas – eestlane, kes alustas külma sõja lõpetamist"
3419:"The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Warfare: Principles, Practices, and ..."
8175:
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6657:
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5755:
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phase (1979): confiscation of property owned by Somocistas and its partners
2242:
2167:
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2022:
from 1981 to 1990. The revolution revealed the country as one of the major
931:
846:
689:
597:
4427:"Setback for Contras: CIA Mining of Harbors 'a Fiasco'", Last in a series"
3340:
3031:
Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (1 May 1989).
2248:
Other opposition parties and movements began to consolidate. In 1974, the
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http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/Scanned%20NSDDS/NSDD7.pdf
2576:
2512:
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2496:
2190:
2081:
1913:
985:
3581:
With Them and Against Them: Canada's Relations With Nicaragua, 1979–1990
2713:(Patriotic Military Service), a compulsory draft, was also established.
2623:
2464:
The Sandinistas established a Ministry of Culture, one of only three in
1960:
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7339:
7309:
7263:
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6484:
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6061:
5667:
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2911:
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2857:
2820:
2805:
2773:
Isidro Téllez, Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement (MAP-ML) – 1.0%
2557:
2477:
2450:
2283:
2210:
1935:
1528:
1367:
860:
570:
264:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
6282:
3661:
Conflict Encyclopedia Nicaragua, State-based conflict, Peace efforts,
2542:
from security representatives, including the destruction of property.
2421:
phase (1986): Agrarian Reform Law of 1986, or "reform to the 1981 Law"
7924:
7769:
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4582:
Nicaragua's Other Revolution: Religious Faith and Political Struggle
4380:
University of Texas, National Security Decision Directive number 7,
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6623:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
4543:"Paradoxes from an heterogeneous and fragile electoral Alliance",
2755:
Daniel Ortega, Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) – 67.0%
2609:
in December 1981, and an execution of 75 people in November 1984.
2050:
collection of counter-revolutionary groups) received aid from the
7449:
7334:
7324:
7273:
6814:
5559:
4821:
4567:
Grinnell College research project, 1997. Retrieved November 2009.
4094:
Que faire si vous lisez le journal "Le Monde", Viktor Dedaj, 2004
3139:"Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs – the Iran-Contra Affairs"
2850:
2660:
2618:
2545:
Heritage also criticized the government for its treatment of the
2366:. The biggest economic impact was on agriculture, in the form of
2302:
for the worse. — Interview with Morris H. Morley, 17 October 1987
2137:
2043:
2019:
1543:
1476:
1011:
493:
426:
4649:
Oleg Ignatiev, "The Storm of Tiscapa", in Borovik and Ignatiev,
4641:
4291:"OAS Study Says Miskito Indians Suffered Abuse From Sandinistas"
3806:
3804:
3802:
2944:
2 Communists: PSN (pro-Moscow) and PC de Nicaragua (pro-Albania)
2252:(UDEL; English: Union for Democratic Liberation) was founded by
222:
7517:
7319:
7258:
6193:
2770:
Domingo Sánchez Sancho, Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) – 1.3%
2580:
2491:
Such programs received international recognition for improving
2454:
2182:
1538:
1320:
1100:
1050:
1037:
1024:
825:
811:
724:
636:
610:
584:
531:
521:
431:
FSLN junta led by Daniel Ortega take power of Nicaragua in 1981
3620:. International Peace Research Institute, Oslo. Archived from
2564:, and many took up arms to oppose the Nicaraguan government."
8002:
7958:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
7464:
7247:
5326:
3872:
http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/help-copyright/copyright-e.htm
3799:
2297:
Our offices at the time were directly across the street from
1064:
737:
650:
527:
353:
4447:"BBC on This Day-5-1984: Sandinistas claim election victory"
3310:
Landslide: The Unmaking of the President, 1984–1988. p. 143.
2526:, a conservative American think tank with close ties to the
348:, bodies of people executed in León possibly by the FSLN or
8119:
7542:
7424:
5316:
5260:
2764:
Mauricio Diaz, Popular Social Christian Party (PPSC) – 5.6%
2758:
Clemente Guido, Democratic Conservative Party (PCD) – 14.0%
2468:
at the time, and established a new editorial brand, called
2245:
violations. In response, Somoza lifted the state of siege.
2129:
1575:
887:
706:
701:
684:
341:
4528:"The INF Treaty and the Washington Summit: 20 Years Later"
4318:. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 12 March 1993
2434:
gave each peasant title to land and a rifle to defend it.
7997:
7977:
7972:
2767:
Allan Zambrana, Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCdeN) – 1.5%
2717:
2706:
2484:
and those that reflected the ideologies of FSLN, such as
3812:
Stage and Regime in US Policy toward Nicaragua 1969–1981
2866:
Secretary General of the Organization of American States
2651:
attempted to work with FSLN in 1979 and 1980, while the
2012:
Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista
234:
to this template: there are already 965 articles in the
4655:. Progress Publishers, 1979; English translation, 1980.
4580:
Dodson, Michael, and Laura Nuzzi O'Shaughnessy (1990).
2728:
again at the center of secret support for the Contras.
2442:
The Revolution brought many cultural developments. The
2115:
3467:"Arab States Help Nicaragua Avoid Ties to Superpowers"
2761:
Virgilio Godoy, Independent Liberal Party (PLI) – 9.6%
4224:
2601:
The Sandinistas were accused of mass executions. The
2418:
phase (1984–85): massive cession of land individually
2155:, and the social democratic Venezuelan government of
3554:"Sandinistas Find Economic Ally In Socialist Sweden"
2955:
2800:) for decades. It built upon groundwork laid by the
218:
214:
a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
27:
1979–1990 anti-Somoza revolution and Sandinista rule
4584:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
3496:. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo.
3250:"Iran–Contra Hearings; Brunei Regains $ 10 Million"
2849:, negotiations on arms controls, and assistance to
2390:communal property (for people and communities from
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8117:
4055:Think Tanks, the Brain Trusts of US Foreign Policy
3281:"Poland and China Reportedly Sent Arms to Contras"
2890:
4728:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
2415:phase (1981): Agrarian Reform Law of 19 July 1981
2384:state property (confiscated land from Somocistas)
2166:. FSLN focused on guerrilla tactics, inspired by
2128:formed the Sandinista National Liberation Front (
8313:
7943:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
4425:McManus, Doyle; Toth, Robert C. (5 March 1985).
4370:http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/9712/appa.htm
2350:Nicaragua's inflation rate between 1980 and 1993
6380:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
5787:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
4799:Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
4067:
4065:
4063:
4022:
3494:"Mexico's Support of the Sandinista Revolution"
3364:
2804:from 1983 to 1985. The agreement was named for
2338:criticism from the Catholic Church and others.
369:(28 years, 9 months and 6 days)
4685:Teixera, Ib. "Nicarágua: A Norte de um pais."
4364:
4362:
4253:. University Publications of America. p. 143.
4106:"Nicaragua: Nothing Will Stop This Revolution"
3904:"Agrarian Productive Structure in Nicaragua",
3242:
260:accompanying your translation by providing an
205:Click for important translation instructions.
192:expand this article with text translated from
8103:
5276:
4748:
4594:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4227:Nicaragua: The human rights records 1986–1989
4212:"Sandinista Anti-Semitism and Its Apologists"
3814:, Author: Morris H. Morley, Published: 2002,
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3325:"Omar Torrijos and the Sandinista Revolution"
3181:"The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations"
2777:
2518:
2453:rate from 50.3% to 12.9%. In September 1980,
1983:
8019:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
5570:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
4060:
3509:"France Warms Up to Nicaragua – As US Fumes"
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
6880:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
4424:
4359:
4269:Miranda, Roger and Ratliff, William (1993)
4030:"Reagan and Heritage: A Unique Partnership"
3833:La Nicaragua de los Somoza : 1936–1979
3794:La Nicaragua de los Somoza : 1936–1979
2796:for many years, and in some cases (notably
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
8110:
8096:
7983:United States involvement in regime change
5538:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
5283:
5269:
4755:
4741:
4330:
4131:
3906:Solá Monserrat, Roser. 1989. Pag 69 and ss
3782:. New York: Algora Publishing. p. 67.
3767:. New York: Algora Publishing. p. 66.
3725:
3721:. New York: Algora Publishing. p. 61.
2480:) where it printed the work and papers of
2408:Agrarian reform developed in four phases:
2293:employee who witnessed the Managua riots:
2134:Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua
1990:
1976:
4539:
4537:
4486:"Acuerdos de Sapoá – 23 de marzo de 1988"
4469:"Revista Envío – Sapoá – A New Benchmark"
3608:
3606:
3203:
2834:by the five presidents on 7 August 1987.
2603:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
2151:, the socialist Panamanian government of
2042:collection of political parties) and the
302:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
4194:"Herty Lewites, 66, Ex-Sandinista, Dies"
3810:Washington, Somoza and the Sandinistas:
3584:(Master Thesis). University of Waterloo.
3506:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3360:
3358:
3318:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3088:"Reagan Says Saudi Talked of Contra Aid"
2731:
2638:
2622:
2345:
2325:
2204:
6109:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
4103:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3777:
3762:
3716:
3437:
3435:
3220:"Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs"
3151:
3111:
3109:
3026:
3024:
3009:United States embargo against Nicaragua
2938:3 Social-Christians: PPSC, PDCN and PAN
2845:, the termination of all assistance to
2197:Tendencia Tercerista (English: third).
272:{{Translated|es|Revolución Sandinista}}
14:
8314:
7953:Russian espionage in the United States
6225:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
4762:
4724:Nicaragua : Whose Side Are We On?
4534:
4229:. Amnesty International Publications.
4191:
3697:"Taking Care of Business in Nicaragua"
3603:
3577:
3464:
3067:"CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy"
2598:suspected of supporting the contras".
2437:
2132:) with other student activists at the
2014:) began with rising opposition to the
8091:
7948:Soviet espionage in the United States
6104:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
5883:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
5548:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
5264:
4736:
4705:Library of Congress (United States),
4626:University of Notre Dame Press, 2019.
4480:
4478:
4401:"Ley del Servicio Militar Patriótico"
4163:
3964:
3444:
3355:
3322:
3313:
3299:
3268:
2932:3 Liberal factions: PLI, PLC and PALI
2078:United States occupation of Nicaragua
8024:Soviet Union–United States relations
6375:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
4809:United States occupation (1912–1933)
4638:Memories of the 1979 Final Offensive
4140:"The Sandinista War on Human Rights"
4074:"The Sandinista War on Human Rights"
3930:
3893:
3465:Dickey, Christopher (19 July 1981).
3432:
3106:
3021:
2587:supported allegations of Sandinista
2474:Instituto de Estudios del Sandinismo
2447:(Cruzada Nacional de Alfabetización)
2116:Sandinista National Liberation Front
174:
101:adding citations to reliable sources
72:
31:
7988:Soviet involvement in regime change
4104:Russell, George (17 October 1983).
3924:
24:
8029:Soviet Union–United States summits
5503:1947 Polish parliamentary election
5388:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
4659:
4630:
4475:
3710:
3612:
3507:Echikson, William (15 July 1982).
2914:in its superior development stage.
2663:began forming along the Nicaragua/
2341:
2256:, editor of the Managua newspaper
25:
8363:
6790:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
6725:United States invasion of Grenada
5995:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
5936:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
4699:
4251:The Secret War in Central America
3663:https://www.ucdp.uu.se/country/93
3578:Bishop, Adam (2 September 2009).
3365:Sánchez Nateras, Gerardo (2018).
2984:Murals of revolutionary Nicaragua
2947:1 Central American Unionist: PIAC
47:This article has multiple issues.
6865:United States invasion of Panama
6715:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
6355:1971 Turkish military memorandum
6318:Communist insurgency in Thailand
6288:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
6220:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
6047:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
5975:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
5493:Restatement of Policy on Germany
4667:Nicaragua: June 1978 – July 1979
4545:CAJINA, Roberto, Pag. 44 and ss.
4164:Farah, Douglas (2 August 1987).
2958:
2935:3 Conservative: ANC, PNC and APC
2926:1990 Nicaraguan general election
2883:' mediation depending on recent
2875:Since Nicaraguan conflict was a
2744:1984 Nicaraguan general election
2738:1984 Nicaraguan general election
2289:In the words of William Dewy, a
2065:
1959:
1374:
1319:
1306:
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991:
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942:
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629:
616:
603:
590:
577:
563:
550:
487:
465:
334:
179:
77:
36:
7585:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
6966:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
6895:Fall of the inner German border
6795:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
6445:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
6435:Spanish transition to democracy
6395:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
6022:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
5528:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
5409:Occupation of the Baltic states
4682:(Volume 1 charter issue), 1979.
4553:
4520:
4506:
4492:
4461:
4439:
4418:
4393:
4374:
4308:
4283:
4263:
4243:
4218:
4204:
4192:Kinzer, Stephen (4 July 2006).
4185:
4157:
4097:
4088:
4047:
4003:
3984:
3958:
3933:"Nicaragua's Literacy Campaign"
3911:
3884:
3881:(last updated 11 February 2005)
3860:
3838:
3825:
3786:
3771:
3756:
3689:
3667:
3652:
3639:
3588:
3571:
3546:
3528:
3500:
3486:
3458:
3411:
3402:
3152:McManus, Doyle (6 March 1987).
2941:2 Social democrats: PSD and MDN
2891:National Opposition Union (UNO)
2643:ARDE Frente Sur Contras in 1987
2573:Organization of American States
2312:Organization of American States
2254:Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal
2189:Tendencia Proletaria (English:
2086:Somoza family political dynasty
376:
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
6365:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
6000:Mozambican War of Independence
5439:Indonesian National Revolution
4832:Post-Sandinista period (1990–)
4676:"Nicaragua: A People Aflame."
4225:Amnesty International (1989).
4137:
4071:
3194:
3173:
3145:
3131:
3080:
3059:
3050:
2928:, the UNO Coalition included:
2682:. These groups were demanding
414:FSLN military victory in 1979
270:You may also add the template
13:
1:
7963:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
6978:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
6931:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
6653:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
6618:Seven Days to the River Rhine
6350:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
5637:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
5565:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
4827:Sandinista period (1979–1990)
4624:Sandinistas: A Moral History.
4344:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
3845:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
3831:María Dolores Ferrero Blanco
3792:María Dolores Ferrero Blanco
3741:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
3674:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
3659:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
3514:The Christian Science Monitor
3388:10.1080/14682745.2017.1369046
3092:tribunedigital-chicagotribune
3014:
2488:and Ricardo Morales Avilés.
2200:
1344:: 50,000–73,000 total killed
512:Fifteenth of September Legion
434:Electoral victory of FSLN in
384:17 July 1979 – 25 April 1990
8206:Eritrean War of Independence
6956:Fall of communism in Albania
6926:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
6875:Polish Round Table Agreement
6215:1968 Polish political crisis
6032:Eritrean War of Independence
5798:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
5693:East German uprising of 1953
5625:Chinese Communist Revolution
5290:
3921:, about 4/5 of the way down.
2444:Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign
387:
373:19 July 1961 – 17 July 1979
367:19 July 1961 – 25 April 1990
7:
8347:Revolution-based civil wars
6830:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
6558:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
6303:Corrective Movement (Syria)
6267:New People's Army rebellion
6262:Sino-Soviet border conflict
5990:Angolan War of Independence
5853:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
5733:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
5378:Jamaican political conflict
5146:Water supply and sanitation
4652:The Agony of a Dictatorship
4405:legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni
4053:Arin, Kubilay Yado (2013):
3870:(1961–2003), Data FAOSTAT,
3866:evolution of demography in
3323:Brown, Jonathan C. (2022).
2951:
2711:Servicio Militar Patriótico
2631:and ARDE Frente Sur in the
242:will aid in categorization.
10:
8368:
8118:Armed conflicts involving
7026:Sino-Indian border dispute
6855:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
6785:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
6543:1976 Argentine coup d'état
6455:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
6405:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
6089:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
6057:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
5746:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
5513:Asian Relations Conference
4720:. Retrieved November 2009.
4673:(New York), 1981. 1st ed.
4271:The Civil War in Nicaragua
4249:Moore, John Norton (1987)
2995:Nicaragua v. United States
2989:National Guard (Nicaragua)
2894:
2862:João Clemente Baena Soares
2790:Esquipulas Peace Agreement
2784:Esquipulas Peace Agreement
2781:
2778:Esquipulas Peace Agreement
2735:
2616:
2612:
2519:Human rights controversies
2476:(Institute for Studies of
2264:Nicaraguan Socialist Party
2110:multinational corporations
2069:
738:People's Republic of China
217:Machine translation, like
8327:20th century in Nicaragua
8279:Military internationalism
8261:
8141:Cuban War of Independence
8126:
8062:
8011:
7933:
7910:William Appleman Williams
7855:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
7637:
7609:
7558:
7490:
7483:
7417:
7282:
7207:
7137:
7130:
7039:
6986:
6918:
6631:
6370:Bangladesh Liberation War
6360:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
6275:
6247:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
6235:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
5898:
5673:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
5650:
5360:
5298:
5215:
5154:
5106:
5102:
5093:
5023:
5014:
4930:
4921:
4849:
4840:
4814:Somoza Family (1936–1979)
4774:
4617:Diplomacy and Statecraft,
4316:"Annual Report 1992–1993"
4076:. The Heritage Foundation
4057:. Wiesbaden: VS Springer.
4015:30 September 2006 at the
3778:Baracco, Luciano (2005).
3763:Baracco, Luciano (2005).
3717:Baracco, Luciano (2005).
2897:National Opposition Union
2635:area of Nicaragua in 1987
2470:Editorial Nueva Nicaragua
2332:1972 Nicaragua earthquake
2250:Unión Democrática Liberal
2231:Nicaraguan National Guard
2215:Nicaraguan National Guard
1339:
1334:
1110:
457:
442:National Opposition Union
440:Electoral victory of the
359:
350:Nicaraguan National Guard
340:Clockwise from top left:
333:
321:
316:
194:the corresponding article
8332:20th-century revolutions
8211:South African Border War
6685:1980 Turkish coup d'état
6520:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
6490:1978 Somali coup attempt
6450:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
6415:1973 Chilean coup d'état
6240:Revolutionary Government
6134:South African Border War
5926:1960 Turkish coup d'état
5843:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
5698:1953 Iranian coup d'état
5678:1952 Egyptian revolution
4935:Administrative divisions
4794:Mexican rule (1822–1823)
4708:Country Study: Nicaragua
2164:Anastasio Somoza Debayle
2098:Anastasio Somoza Debayle
707:Islamic Republic of Iran
6890:Fall of the Berlin Wall
6835:People Power Revolution
6820:Central American crisis
6760:1986 Black Sea incident
6410:1973 Afghan coup d'état
6308:Western Sahara conflict
6119:1966 Syrian coup d'état
6042:1963 Syrian coup d'état
5985:Portuguese Colonial War
5948:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
5713:1954 Syrian coup d'état
5590:Annexation of Hyderabad
5533:1947–1949 Palestine war
4273:. Transaction. p. 193.
4144:The Heritage Foundation
4034:The Heritage Foundation
3967:"Literacy in Nicaragua"
3597:Encyclopædia Britannica
3536:"Our work in Nicaragua"
2524:The Heritage Foundation
2457:awarded Nicaragua the "
2090:Anastasio Somoza García
1423:By other characteristic
324:Central American crisis
281:For more guidance, see
112:"Nicaraguan Revolution"
8161:1952 Cuban coup d'état
7184:Neoclassical economics
6695:Gulf of Sidra incident
6252:1969 Libyan revolution
5943:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
5728:1954 Geneva Conference
5488:Turkish straits crisis
5483:Corfu Channel incident
4574:magazine, Summer 1988.
4387:4 October 2012 at the
2922:
2904:government of the U.S.
2644:
2636:
2627:Contra commandos from
2585:Anti-Defamation League
2351:
2304:
2235:extrajudicial killings
2226:
2124:, Silvio Mayorga, and
2011:
1111:Commanders and leaders
690:Imperial State of Iran
8342:Communist revolutions
8322:Nicaraguan Revolution
8274:Foreign interventions
8243:Nicaraguan Revolution
8034:Russia–NATO relations
7915:Jonathan Reed Winkler
7199:Democratic capitalism
7194:Supply-side economics
7162:American conservatism
6961:Breakup of Yugoslavia
6850:Bougainville conflict
6765:South Yemen civil war
6700:Martial law in Poland
6563:Nicaraguan Revolution
6538:Dirty War (Argentina)
6345:1971 JVP insurrection
6159:Years of Lead (Italy)
6037:North Yemen civil war
5955:Berlin Crisis of 1961
5931:Albanian–Soviet split
5863:1959 Tibetan uprising
5828:Syrian Crisis of 1957
5683:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
5543:1948 Arab–Israeli War
4622:Sierakowski, Robert.
4619:(2012) 23#1 pp 66–86.
4597:Warship International
4353:31 March 2016 at the
3996:22 April 2017 at the
3854:31 March 2016 at the
3750:31 March 2016 at the
3683:31 March 2016 at the
3599:(15th ed.), 1993
3341:10.1353/tla.2022.0003
3329:The Latin Americanist
2900:
2873:Miguel Obando y Bravo
2870:Archbishop of Managua
2749:Reagan administration
2732:1984 general election
2726:Reagan Administration
2653:Reagan Administration
2649:Carter Administration
2642:
2626:
2595:Amnesty International
2459:Nadezhda K. Krupskaya
2349:
2326:Sandinista government
2295:
2241:cut off aid over its
2208:
2195:Left-wing nationalist
2122:Carlos Fonseca Amador
2026:battlegrounds of the
2004:Nicaraguan Revolution
1725:Bulgarian unification
1401:Counter-revolutionary
1335:Casualties and losses
1257:Carlos Fonseca Amador
317:Nicaraguan Revolution
283:Knowledge:Translation
254:copyright attribution
18:Sandinista Revolution
8248:Salvadoran Civil War
8201:Ñancahuazú Guerrilla
8191:Cuban Missile Crisis
8181:Bay of Pigs Invasion
8146:Spanish–American War
7455:Non-Aligned Movement
7077:Peaceful coexistence
7031:North Borneo dispute
6946:German reunification
6941:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
6639:Salvadoran Civil War
6588:Grand Mosque seizure
6583:Yemenite War of 1979
6475:Mozambican Civil War
6430:Carnation Revolution
6385:Yemenite War of 1972
6323:1970 Polish protests
6154:1967 Hong Kong riots
6129:Argentine Revolution
6079:Guatemalan Civil War
6007:Cuban Missile Crisis
5921:Bay of Pigs Invasion
5793:1956 Poznań protests
5771:Geneva Summit (1955)
5373:Hukbalahap Rebellion
5352:Non-Aligned Movement
5002:Territorial disputes
4642:News and Information
4565:The Marianismo Ideal
3877:19 July 2006 at the
2885:US-Soviet agreements
2217:during clashes with
2126:Tomás Borge Martínez
2106:political corruption
1497:Contentious politics
1368:Political revolution
344:guerrillas entering
97:improve this article
8301:Sphere of influence
8253:Invasion of Grenada
8221:Ethiopian Civil War
8171:Escambray rebellion
7900:Alex von Tunzelmann
7890:Vladimir Tismăneanu
7815:Thomas J. McCormick
7810:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
7710:Robert Hugh Ferrell
7573:Crusade for Freedom
7370:Illiberal democracy
7254:Ho Chi Minh Thought
7057:Eisenhower Doctrine
6910:Peaceful Revolution
6905:Romanian Revolution
6885:Revolutions of 1989
6870:1988 Polish strikes
6780:Operation INFEKTION
6775:1987 Lieyu massacre
6680:Eritrean Civil Wars
6663:Peruvian Revolution
6613:1979 Herat uprising
6603:Sino-Vietnamese War
6568:Uganda–Tanzania War
6548:Egyptian–Libyan War
6515:Third Indochina War
6510:Sino-Albanian split
6500:Ethiopian Civil War
6400:Eritrean Civil Wars
6340:Ping-pong diplomacy
6313:Cambodian Civil War
6139:Korean DMZ Conflict
6124:Cultural Revolution
6094:Dominican Civil War
6072:Tlatelolco massacre
5858:1959 Mosul uprising
5848:1958 Lebanon crisis
5575:Al-Wathbah uprising
5498:First Indochina War
5468:Iran crisis of 1946
4295:The Washington Post
4019:Report on Nicaragua
3472:The Washington Post
2438:Cultural revolution
2157:Carlos Andrés Pérez
2094:Luis Somoza Debayle
2080:in 1912 during the
1966:Politics portal
8337:Cold War conflicts
8054:Russian Revolution
7850:Mary Elise Sarotte
7835:William B. Pickett
7760:Patrick J. Hearden
7740:Gabriel Gorodetsky
7735:Timothy Garton Ash
7720:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
7315:Ethnic nationalism
7067:Hallstein Doctrine
6951:Yemeni unification
6740:1985 Geneva Summit
6705:Casamance conflict
6608:New Jewel Movement
6593:Iranian Revolution
6578:Chadian–Libyan War
6525:Cambodian conflict
6505:Lebanese Civil War
6495:Western Sahara War
6470:June 1976 protests
6465:Cambodian genocide
6230:17 July Revolution
6184:Nigerian Civil War
6099:Rhodesian Bush War
6084:Colombian conflict
6027:Ramadan Revolution
5766:Bandung Conference
5642:Operation Valuable
5523:Partition of India
5071:Telecommunications
4198:The New York Times
4010:globalexchange.org
3991:Background History
3931:Hanemann, Ulrike.
3627:on 19 October 2017
3285:The New York Times
3254:The New York Times
2979:Iran–Contra affair
2722:Iran–Contra affair
2684:self-determination
2645:
2637:
2482:Augusto C. Sandino
2352:
2310:In early 1979 the
2227:
1941:Second Arab Spring
425:Insurgency of the
262:interlanguage link
8309:
8308:
8226:Angolan Civil War
8085:
8084:
8072:List of conflicts
7920:Rudolph Winnacker
7865:Giles Scott-Smith
7840:Ronald E. Powaski
7795:Melvyn P. Leffler
7725:John Lewis Gaddis
7700:Robert D. English
7665:Warren H. Carroll
7655:Michael Beschloss
7624:Nuclear arms race
7605:
7604:
7511:Neues Deutschland
7413:
7412:
7395:White nationalism
7365:Liberal democracy
7102:Ulbricht Doctrine
7092:Brezhnev Doctrine
6900:Velvet Revolution
6644:Soviet–Afghan War
6460:Angolan Civil War
6257:Goulash Communism
6114:ASEAN Declaration
6067:Mexican Dirty War
5965:Annexation of Goa
5916:1960 U-2 incident
5890:Sino-Soviet split
5868:Laotian Civil War
5708:Bricker Amendment
5688:Mau Mau rebellion
5632:Malayan Emergency
5620:Chinese Civil War
5580:Tito–Stalin split
5434:Division of Korea
5258:
5257:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5089:
5088:
5010:
5009:
4987:Political parties
4982:National Assembly
4950:Foreign relations
4917:
4916:
4665:Meiselas, Susan.
4559:Emily L Andrews,
4449:. 5 November 1984
4214:. September 1986.
4171:Los Angeles Times
3965:B. Arrien, Juan.
3613:Lacina, Bethany.
3595:"Daniel Ortega",
3159:Los Angeles Times
2919:Roberto J. Cajina
2814:William C. Chasey
2678:region along the
2552:Los Angeles Times
2286:, and Matagalpa.
2219:Sandinista rebels
2092:, his eldest son
2000:
1999:
1534:Mass mobilization
1524:Guerrilla warfare
1353:
1352:
1226:Fernando Chamorro
1175:Aristides Sánchez
1053:(medical support)
453:
452:
420:Somoza government
391:
380:
312:
311:
304:
294:
293:
206:
202:
173:
172:
165:
147:
70:
16:(Redirected from
8359:
8269:Military history
8262:Related articles
8166:Cuban Revolution
8112:
8105:
8098:
8089:
8088:
7830:David S. Painter
7755:John Earl Haynes
7685:Nicholas J. Cull
7670:Adrian Cioroianu
7650:Thomas A. Bailey
7597:Voice of America
7488:
7487:
7400:White separatism
7380:Social democracy
7375:Guided democracy
7355:Authoritarianism
7305:Ultranationalism
7295:Anti-imperialism
7222:Marxism–Leninism
7135:
7134:
7122:Kinmen Agreement
7087:Johnson Doctrine
7072:Kennedy Doctrine
6988:Frozen conflicts
6971:1991 August Coup
6860:Afghan Civil War
6755:Reykjavík Summit
6750:Somali Rebellion
6690:Ugandan Bush War
6668:Gdańsk Agreement
6189:Protests of 1968
6169:War of Attrition
5878:Cuban Revolution
5814:We will bury you
5781:Cyprus Emergency
5761:Kashmir Princess
5751:Jebel Akhdar War
5600:Western betrayal
5285:
5278:
5271:
5262:
5261:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5194:National symbols
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5051:Economic history
5046:
5021:
5020:
4928:
4927:
4847:
4846:
4789:Spanish conquest
4757:
4750:
4743:
4734:
4733:
4636:Katherine Hoyt,
4612:
4547:
4541:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4516:. 28 March 2021.
4510:
4504:
4503:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4397:
4391:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4357:
4341:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4287:
4281:
4267:
4261:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4069:
4058:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4026:
4020:
4007:
4001:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3939:. Archived from
3928:
3922:
3915:
3909:
3902:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3864:
3858:
3842:
3836:
3829:
3823:
3808:
3797:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3754:
3738:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3693:
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3671:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3626:
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3600:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3542:on 15 June 2013.
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3442:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3375:Cold War History
3371:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3320:
3311:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3277:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3226:. Archived from
3216:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3113:
3104:
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3101:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3028:
2968:
2966:Nicaragua portal
2963:
2962:
2961:
2920:
2847:irregular forces
2375:commodity market
2187:Marxist-Leninist
2149:Cuban government
1992:
1985:
1978:
1964:
1963:
1817:Hungarian (1956)
1649:Spanish American
1378:
1355:
1354:
1324:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1160:
1151:Enrique Bermúdez
1149:
1148:
1139:Anastasio Somoza
1137:
1136:
1125:
1124:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1063:
1061:
1060:
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1047:
1046:
1036:
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1023:
1021:
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1010:
1008:
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470:
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374:
361:
360:
338:
314:
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267:
241:
240:|topic=
238:, and specifying
223:Google Translate
204:
200:
183:
182:
175:
168:
161:
157:
154:
148:
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73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
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8362:
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8357:
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8311:
8310:
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8257:
8128:
8122:
8116:
8086:
8081:
8058:
8049:Second Cold War
8007:
7935:
7929:
7905:Odd Arne Westad
7895:Patrick Vaughan
7880:Athan Theoharis
7860:Ellen Schrecker
7845:Yakov M. Rabkin
7820:Timothy Naftali
7765:Tvrtko Jakovina
7750:Jussi Hanhimäki
7633:
7611:
7601:
7579:Paix et Liberté
7554:
7498:Active measures
7479:
7409:
7390:White supremacy
7350:Totalitarianism
7278:
7203:
7126:
7112:Reagan Doctrine
7107:Carter Doctrine
7047:Truman Doctrine
7035:
6982:
6914:
6809:Soviet reaction
6720:Ndogboyosoi War
6627:
6598:Saur Revolution
6425:1973 oil crisis
6390:Munich massacre
6298:Alcora Exercise
6293:Black September
6271:
6017:Sino-Indian War
5911:Simba rebellion
5894:
5738:Capture of the
5646:
5585:Berlin Blockade
5518:May 1947 crises
5508:Truman Doctrine
5473:Greek Civil War
5462:Blacklist Forty
5429:Gouzenko Affair
5416:Cursed soldiers
5368:Morgenthau Plan
5356:
5294:
5289:
5259:
5254:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5203:
5199:Public holidays
5150:
5085:
5061:Nicaragua Canal
5044:
5006:
4972:Law enforcement
4913:
4909:Water resources
4894:Protected areas
4836:
4770:
4761:
4714:Louis Proyect,
4702:
4695:). 7 July 1979.
4662:
4660:Further reading
4633:
4631:Primary sources
4556:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4535:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4498:
4497:
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4462:
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4394:
4389:Wayback Machine
4379:
4375:
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4355:Wayback Machine
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4321:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4309:
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4162:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4017:Wayback Machine
4008:
4004:
3998:Wayback Machine
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3929:
3925:
3917:Louis Proyect,
3916:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3879:Wayback Machine
3865:
3861:
3856:Wayback Machine
3843:
3839:
3830:
3826:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3787:
3776:
3772:
3761:
3757:
3752:Wayback Machine
3739:
3726:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3685:Wayback Machine
3672:
3668:
3657:
3653:
3645:Louis Proyect,
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3611:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3558:philly-archives
3552:
3551:
3547:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3505:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3369:
3363:
3356:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3218:
3217:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3119:. December 1988
3115:
3114:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3029:
3022:
3017:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2921:
2918:
2910:and enemies of
2899:
2893:
2864:at the time as
2839:democratization
2802:Contadora Group
2794:Central America
2786:
2780:
2740:
2734:
2621:
2615:
2521:
2440:
2394:regions in the
2368:agrarian reform
2344:
2342:Agrarian reform
2328:
2271:riots broke out
2203:
2118:
2074:
2068:
1996:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1386:
1330:
1318:
1307:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1277:Humberto Ortega
1271:
1269:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1218:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1106:
1094:
1092:
1080:
1078:
1058:
1056:
1044:
1042:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1016:
1005:
1003:
992:
990:
979:
977:
961:
959:
943:
941:
925:
923:
907:
905:
894:
892:
881:
879:
868:
866:
854:
852:
840:
838:
819:
817:
787:
785:
781:
770:
768:
757:
755:
744:
742:
731:
729:
718:
716:
699:
682:
671:
669:
657:
655:
654:
644:
642:
630:
628:
617:
615:
604:
602:
591:
589:
578:
576:
564:
562:
551:
549:
496:
486:
484:
474:
464:
405:
386:(second phase:
381:
370:
368:
339:
308:
297:
296:
295:
290:
289:
288:
271:
265:
239:
207:
184:
180:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
94:
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8365:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8292:
8291:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8265:
8263:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8223:
8218:
8216:Yom Kippur War
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8136:Ten Years' War
8132:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8115:
8114:
8107:
8100:
8092:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8015:
8013:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7939:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7875:Timothy Snyder
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7805:Vojtech Mastny
7802:
7800:Geir Lundestad
7797:
7792:
7790:Walter Laqueur
7787:
7785:Walter LaFeber
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7715:André Fontaine
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7645:Gar Alperovitz
7641:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7615:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7575:
7570:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7545:
7540:
7533:
7526:
7521:
7514:
7507:
7500:
7494:
7492:
7485:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7385:Third-Worldism
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7213:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7174:Libertarianism
7171:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7154:
7152:Chicago school
7149:
7143:
7141:
7132:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7097:Nixon Doctrine
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7043:
7041:
7040:Foreign policy
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6825:Operation RYAN
6822:
6817:
6812:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Able Archer 83
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6633:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6480:Oromo conflict
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6420:Yom Kippur War
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6203:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6052:Aden Emergency
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5970:Papua conflict
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5873:Kitchen Debate
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5833:Sputnik crisis
5830:
5825:
5817:
5810:
5805:
5803:Polish October
5800:
5795:
5790:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5703:Pact of Madrid
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5658:Bamboo Curtain
5654:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5398:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5307:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5265:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5066:Stock Exchange
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4889:Municipalities
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4854:Climate change
4850:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Mosquito Coast
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4701:
4700:External links
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:Rio de Janeiro
4683:
4674:
4671:Pantheon Books
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4647:
4644:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4603:(4): 299–301.
4592:
4578:
4575:
4568:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4533:
4519:
4505:
4491:
4474:
4460:
4438:
4417:
4392:
4373:
4358:
4329:
4307:
4282:
4279:978-1412819688
4262:
4259:978-0890939611
4242:
4236:978-0939994502
4235:
4217:
4203:
4184:
4156:
4130:
4096:
4087:
4059:
4046:
4021:
4002:
3983:
3957:
3946:on 3 July 2007
3923:
3910:
3892:
3883:
3859:
3837:
3824:
3820:978-0521523356
3798:
3785:
3770:
3755:
3724:
3709:
3688:
3666:
3651:
3638:
3602:
3587:
3570:
3545:
3527:
3499:
3485:
3457:
3443:
3431:
3410:
3401:
3382:(2): 111–129.
3354:
3312:
3298:
3267:
3256:. 22 July 1987
3241:
3230:on 8 June 2017
3202:
3193:
3172:
3144:
3130:
3105:
3079:
3058:
3049:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2916:
2908:class struggle
2895:Main article:
2892:
2889:
2843:free elections
2832:Guatemala City
2782:Main article:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2736:Main article:
2733:
2730:
2680:Gulf of Mexico
2676:Mosquito Coast
2657:anti-communist
2617:Main article:
2614:
2611:
2569:United Nations
2547:Miskito people
2520:
2517:
2486:Carlos Fonseca
2439:
2436:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2388:
2385:
2343:
2340:
2327:
2324:
2202:
2199:
2117:
2114:
2096:, and finally
2076:Following the
2070:Main article:
2067:
2064:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Italian states
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1591:Tax resistance
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Class conflict
1489:
1484:
1482:Civil disorder
1479:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1351:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1326:Hugo Spadafora
1316:
1303:
1291:
1289:Joaquín Cuadra
1279:
1267:
1247:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1200:Edgar Chamorro
1190:
1187:Alfonso Robelo
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1076:
1054:
1040:
1027:
1014:
1001:
988:
975:
957:
939:
921:
914:Czechoslovakia
903:
890:
877:
864:
850:
836:
830:
815:
814:
802:
801:
782:
780:
779:
766:
753:
740:
727:
714:
697:
680:
667:
640:
626:
613:
600:
587:
574:
560:
547:
541:
540:
539:
534:
525:
519:
514:
509:
504:
483:
482:
480:National Guard
460:
459:
455:
454:
451:
450:
449:
448:
438:
432:
429:
423:
411:
407:
406:
401:
399:
395:
394:
393:
392:
382:
377:FSLN Rebellion
375:(first phase:
365:
357:
356:
331:
330:
319:
318:
310:
309:
292:
291:
287:
286:
279:
268:
246:
243:
231:adding a topic
226:
215:
208:
189:
188:
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8364:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8266:
8264:
8260:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:international
8125:
8121:
8113:
8108:
8106:
8101:
8099:
8094:
8093:
8090:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8039:War on terror
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8010:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7934:Espionage and
7932:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7885:Andrew Thorpe
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7780:Gabriel Kolko
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7745:Fred Halliday
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7730:Lloyd Gardner
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7690:Norman Davies
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7675:John Costello
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7610:Technological
7608:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:Pro-communist
7489:
7486:
7482:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7418:Organizations
7416:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7281:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7232:Eurocommunism
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7062:Domino theory
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7016:South Ossetia
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6800:8888 Uprising
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6745:Iran–Iraq War
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6710:Falklands War
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6573:NDF Rebellion
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6553:German Autumn
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6440:Metapolitefsi
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6201:Prague Spring
6199:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6179:Al-Wadiah War
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6144:12-3 incident
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5723:Domino theory
5721:
5719:
5718:Petrov Affair
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:Madiun Affair
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Marshall Plan
5553:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5304:United States
5301:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5281:
5279:
5274:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Ethnic groups
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4590:0-8078-4266-4
4587:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4572:Policy Review
4569:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4529:
4523:
4515:
4509:
4501:
4495:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4470:
4464:
4448:
4442:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4317:
4311:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4160:
4145:
4141:
4138:L., Melanie.
4134:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4091:
4075:
4072:L., Melanie.
4068:
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236:main category
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190:You can help
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114: –
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
8242:
8231:intervention
8176:Congo Crisis
8156:World War II
8127:External and
8044:Brinkmanship
7936:intelligence
7825:Marius Oprea
7775:Harvey Klehr
7705:Herbert Feis
7695:Willem Drees
7660:Archie Brown
7577:
7565:
7547:
7537:Trybuna Ludu
7535:
7528:
7524:Radio Moscow
7516:
7509:
7502:
7330:Anti-Zionism
7246:
7169:Keynesianism
7157:Conservatism
7021:Transnistria
7001:China-Taiwan
6658:Gera Demands
6562:
6531:
6332:
6207:
6012:El Porteñazo
5906:Congo Crisis
5821:
5756:Algerian War
5739:
5615:Western Bloc
5610:Eastern Bloc
5605:Iron Curtain
5461:
5453:
5445:
5422:
5402:
5394:
5311:Soviet Union
5309:
5302:
5236:Bibliography
5116:Demographics
5038:Central Bank
4977:Armed Forces
4960:Human rights
4940:Constitution
4716:
4707:
4686:
4677:
4666:
4651:
4637:
4623:
4616:
4600:
4596:
4581:
4571:
4560:
4554:Bibliography
4544:
4522:
4508:
4494:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4441:
4430:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4404:
4395:
4376:
4320:. Retrieved
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4294:
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4197:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4169:
4159:
4147:. Retrieved
4143:
4133:
4121:. Retrieved
4109:
4099:
4090:
4078:. Retrieved
4054:
4049:
4037:. Retrieved
4033:
4024:
4005:
4000:of Nicaragua
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3960:
3948:. Retrieved
3941:the original
3936:
3926:
3918:
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3905:
3886:
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3827:
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3779:
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3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3691:
3669:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3622:the original
3596:
3590:
3580:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3557:
3548:
3540:the original
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3512:
3502:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3470:
3460:
3413:
3404:
3379:
3373:
3332:
3328:
3289:. Retrieved
3287:. 2 May 1987
3284:
3258:. Retrieved
3253:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3228:the original
3223:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3157:
3147:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3096:. Retrieved
3091:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3061:
3052:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3001:
2993:
2923:
2901:
2881:Vaino Väljas
2855:
2836:
2818:
2787:
2741:
2715:
2710:
2696:
2692:
2673:
2646:
2633:Nueva Guinea
2600:
2593:
2589:antisemitism
2566:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2446:
2441:
2427:
2424:
2407:
2404:
2379:
2372:
2361:
2353:
2336:
2329:
2319:
2316:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2268:
2258:
2249:
2247:
2243:human rights
2228:
2213:tank of the
2180:
2168:Fidel Castro
2161:
2146:
2141:
2119:
2075:
2060:
2052:Soviet Union
2032:
2003:
2001:
1852:People Power
1831:
1569:Disobedience
1346:
1341:
1340:
1315:(until 1981)
1313:Edén Pastora
1262:
1213:Edén Pastora
932:East Germany
847:Soviet Union
833:
828:(1978–1979)
816:
807:(1978–1979)
803:
784:
598:Saudi Arabia
544:
524:(after 1979)
497:(1979–1990)
485:
475:(1961–1979)
463:
458:Belligerents
413:
322:Part of the
298:
258:edit summary
249:
229:
199:
191:
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
8196:Vietnam War
8151:World War I
7870:Shen Zhihua
7680:Michael Cox
7612:competition
7559:Pro-Western
7549:Soviet Life
7475:Safari Club
7445:Warsaw Pact
7300:Nationalism
7290:Imperialism
7189:Reaganomics
7052:Containment
6845:Perestroika
6334:Realpolitik
6164:Six-Day War
6149:Greek junta
5960:Berlin Wall
5808:Suez Crisis
5776:Vietnam War
5663:McCarthyism
5478:Baruch Plan
5423:Unthinkable
5383:Dekemvriana
5322:Warsaw Pact
5028:Agriculture
4965:LGBT rights
4859:Earthquakes
4819:Sandinistas
2827:Óscar Arias
2821:Costa Rican
2724:placed the
2699:El Salvador
2577:Pax Christi
2513:land reform
2497:health care
2191:proletarian
2172:Ché Guevara
2082:Banana Wars
1914:Arab Spring
1512:Human chain
1502:Coup d'état
1411:Proletarian
1301:Tomás Borge
1228:(1981–1987)
1215:(1982–1986)
1202:(1979–1984)
1189:(1982–1988)
1127:Luis Somoza
1103:(1984–1990)
1089:(1978–1979)
986:North Korea
863:(1978–1982)
849:(1980–1990)
666:(1976–1983)
653:(1973–1990)
639:(1981–1987)
573:(1982–1986)
8352:Proxy wars
8316:Categories
8238:Ogaden War
7638:Historians
7629:Space Race
7530:Rudé právo
7484:Propaganda
7340:Neo-Nazism
7310:Chauvinism
7264:Trotskyism
7179:Monetarism
7147:Liberalism
7139:Capitalism
7131:Ideologies
7082:Ostpolitik
6805:Solidarity
6770:Toyota War
6673:Solidarity
6530:Operation
6485:Ogaden War
6174:Dhofar War
6062:Shifta War
5820:Operation
5668:Korean War
5460:Operation
5452:Operation
5444:Operation
5421:Operation
5401:Operation
5393:Operation
5184:Mass media
5174:Literature
5111:Corruption
5045:(currency)
4955:Government
4864:Ecoregions
4822:v. Contras
4432:L.A. Times
4177:2 December
4039:29 January
3422:Retrieved
3260:5 December
3042:4 December
3015:References
3002:Under Fire
2912:capitalism
2858:Costa Rica
2806:Esquipulas
2478:Sandinismo
2451:illiteracy
2428:campesinos
2284:Chinandega
2211:M4 Sherman
2201:Revolution
2136:(UNAN) in
2102:inequality
1936:Euromaidan
1884:Bolivarian
1832:Nicaraguan
1812:Guatemalan
1750:Young Turk
1730:Philippine
1559:Nonviolent
1554:Resistance
1529:Insurgency
1439:Nonviolent
1434:From above
1406:Democratic
861:Costa Rica
711:Indirectly
571:Costa Rica
388:Contra War
201:(May 2019)
196:in Spanish
123:newspapers
52:improve it
7925:Ken Young
7770:Tony Judt
7619:Arms race
7592:Red Scare
7460:NN States
7405:Apartheid
7360:Autocracy
7269:Stalinism
7237:Guevarism
7227:Castroism
7217:Communism
7209:Socialism
6735:Star Wars
6328:Koza riot
5454:Beleaguer
5446:Masterdom
5131:Languages
5121:Education
5081:Transport
4997:President
4945:Elections
4904:Volcanoes
4884:Mountains
4842:Geography
4764:Nicaragua
4726:from the
4717:Nicaragua
4609:0043-0374
4118:0040-781X
3919:Nicaragua
3868:Nicaragua
3647:Nicaragua
3478:2 January
3396:218576606
3349:247623108
3335:: 25–45.
3165:19 August
2974:Dirty War
2877:proxy war
2868:and then
2824:President
2810:Guatemala
2798:Guatemala
2703:Guatemala
2539:La Prensa
2533:La Prensa
2505:childcare
2501:education
2320:somocismo
2299:La Prensa
2291:Citi Bank
2259:La Prensa
2176:Matagalpa
2024:proxy war
1889:Bulldozer
1842:Carnation
1837:Argentine
1780:1917–1923
1768:Communist
1713:Hungarian
1549:Rebellion
1487:Civil war
1449:Permanent
1396:Communist
1391:Bourgeois
1087:Venezuela
664:Argentina
403:Nicaragua
276:talk page
228:Consider
153:July 2013
58:talk page
8296:Cold War
8186:Sand War
8077:Timeline
8067:Category
8012:See also
7504:Izvestia
7345:Islamism
7242:Hoxhaism
7117:Rollback
6996:Abkhazia
6936:Gulf War
6840:Glasnost
6210:incident
5980:Sand War
5838:Ifni War
5347:Rio Pact
5292:Cold War
5245:Category
5141:Religion
5043:Córdoba
4992:Politics
4923:Politics
4768:articles
4688:Manchete
4453:10 April
4385:Archived
4351:Archived
4322:30 March
4149:11 April
4123:11 April
4013:Archived
3994:Archived
3976:1 August
3972:. UNESCO
3875:Archived
3852:Archived
3822:, p. 106
3748:Archived
3702:10 April
3681:Archived
3631:5 August
3563:10 April
3424:10 April
3291:31 March
3186:10 April
3123:10 April
3098:10 April
3072:10 April
2952:See also
2917:—
2851:refugees
2688:autonomy
2669:Honduras
2665:Honduras
2607:Miskitos
2562:Honduras
2493:literacy
2396:Atlantic
2120:In 1961
2054:and the
2048:rightist
2028:Cold War
1946:Sudanese
1924:Egyptian
1919:Tunisian
1872:Romanian
1773:Cultural
1759:Chinese
1734:Iranian
1703:February
1624:American
1619:Atlantic
1608:Examples
1581:Samizdat
1385:By class
1360:a series
1358:Part of
1347:1981–89:
901:Bulgaria
777:Portugal
678:Colombia
624:Honduras
398:Location
328:Cold War
326:and the
252:provide
7567:Amerika
7450:Comecon
7335:Fascism
7325:Zionism
7274:Titoism
6815:Contras
6283:Détente
5560:Comecon
5222:Outline
5189:Museums
5164:Cuisine
5156:Culture
5095:Society
5076:Tourism
5033:Banking
5016:Economy
4874:Islands
4784:Nicarao
4776:History
4300:21 July
4080:9 April
3520:29 July
3234:9 April
2924:In the
2686:and/or
2661:Contras
2619:Contras
2613:Contras
2392:Miskito
2280:Granada
2193:); and
2142:Segovia
2138:Managua
2044:Contras
2040:leftist
2020:Contras
2008:Spanish
1877:Singing
1827:Rwandan
1802:Spanish
1797:Siamese
1785:Russian
1755:Mexican
1681:Belgian
1656:Serbian
1644:Haitian
1629:Brabant
1614:English
1544:Protest
1477:Boycott
1471:Methods
1444:Passive
1342:1978–79
1263:†
1012:Algeria
970:(until
952:(until
950:Hungary
934:(until
916:(until
764:Romania
692:(until
494:Contras
427:Contras
422:in 1979
274:to the
256:in the
198:.
137:scholar
8289:MINFAR
7518:Pravda
7320:Racism
7259:Maoism
7011:Kosovo
6532:Condor
6208:Pueblo
6194:May 68
5822:Gladio
5740:Tuapse
5403:Jungle
5395:Priboi
5250:Portal
5136:Health
5056:Energy
4899:Rivers
4766:
4607:
4588:
4410:20 May
4277:
4257:
4233:
4116:
3950:2 July
3937:UNESCO
3818:
3394:
3347:
3004:(film)
2705:. The
2581:Somoza
2571:, the
2511:, and
2509:unions
2455:UNESCO
2225:, 1979
2223:Estelí
2183:Maoist
2084:, the
2016:Somoza
1929:Yemeni
1909:Kyrgyz
1899:Orange
1867:Velvet
1862:Yogurt
1807:August
1790:German
1763:Xinhai
1743:Second
1720:Eureka
1708:German
1639:French
1596:Terror
1539:Mutiny
1454:Social
1429:Colour
1259:
1101:Canada
1098:
1084:
1062:
1051:Sweden
1048:
1038:France
1035:
1025:Mexico
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
968:Poland
965:
947:
929:
911:
898:
885:
872:
858:
844:
826:Panama
823:
812:MILPAS
805:MAP-ML
774:
761:
751:Poland
748:
735:
725:Brunei
722:
675:
661:
648:
637:Panama
634:
621:
611:Taiwan
608:
595:
585:Israel
582:
568:
555:
532:YATAMA
522:MILPAS
410:Result
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
8003:Stasi
7470:SAARC
7465:ASEAN
7430:SEATO
7283:Other
7248:Juche
7006:Korea
6919:1990s
6632:1980s
6276:1970s
5899:1960s
5651:1950s
5361:1940s
5342:NEATO
5337:SEATO
5327:ANZUS
5229:Index
5179:Music
4879:Lakes
4869:Fauna
3970:(PDF)
3944:(DOC)
3625:(PDF)
3618:(PDF)
3392:S2CID
3370:(PDF)
3345:S2CID
3037:UNHCR
2560:into
1904:Tulip
1822:Cuban
1738:First
1688:Texas
1661:Greek
1634:Liège
1564:Civil
1065:Chile
875:Libya
651:Chile
528:KISAN
354:RPG-2
219:DeepL
144:JSTOR
130:books
8120:Cuba
7543:TASS
7435:METO
7425:NATO
6651:and
6649:1980
6206:USS
5332:METO
5317:NATO
5169:Film
4605:ISSN
4601:LXIX
4586:ISBN
4455:2015
4412:2018
4324:2009
4302:2021
4275:ISBN
4255:ISBN
4231:ISBN
4179:2020
4151:2017
4125:2017
4114:ISSN
4110:Time
4082:2017
4041:2016
3978:2007
3952:2007
3816:ISBN
3704:2015
3633:2013
3565:2015
3522:2022
3480:2024
3426:2015
3293:2023
3262:2021
3236:2017
3188:2015
3167:2019
3125:2015
3100:2015
3074:2015
3044:2020
2788:The
2742:The
2701:and
2647:The
2575:and
2567:The
2558:Coco
2276:León
2170:and
2130:FSLN
2104:and
2036:FSLN
2034:the
2002:The
1894:Rose
1857:1989
1847:Saur
1693:1848
1676:July
1671:1830
1666:1820
1576:Riot
1459:Wave
1073:1973
1069:1970
972:1989
954:1989
936:1989
918:1989
888:Cuba
793:FSLN
694:1979
517:ARDE
446:1990
436:1984
364:Date
346:León
342:FSLN
250:must
248:You
212:View
116:news
8284:FAR
7998:KGB
7993:MVD
7978:MI6
7973:MI5
7968:CIA
7440:EEC
4679:GEO
3384:doi
3337:doi
2830:in
2718:CIA
2707:CIA
2629:FDN
2221:in
2209:An
2046:(a
2038:(a
999:PLO
799:EPS
507:UDN
502:FDN
444:in
221:or
99:by
8318::
4669:.
4599:.
4563:.
4536:^
4477:^
4429:.
4403:.
4361:^
4332:^
4293:.
4196:.
4168:.
4142:.
4112:.
4108:.
4062:^
4032:.
3935:.
3895:^
3801:^
3727:^
3605:^
3556:.
3511:.
3469:.
3446:^
3434:^
3390:.
3380:18
3378:.
3372:.
3357:^
3343:.
3333:66
3331:.
3327:.
3315:^
3301:^
3283:.
3270:^
3252:.
3222:.
3205:^
3156:.
3108:^
3090:.
3035:.
3023:^
2841:,
2816:.
2808:,
2671:.
2515:.
2507:,
2503:,
2499:,
2495:,
2282:,
2278:,
2266:.
2239:US
2159:.
2144:.
2112:.
2058:.
2030:.
2010::
1362:on
537:RN
61:.
8111:e
8104:t
8097:v
6811:)
6807:(
5816:"
5812:"
5789:"
5785:"
5284:e
5277:t
5270:v
4756:e
4749:t
4742:v
4691:(
4611:.
4530:.
4502:.
4488:.
4471:.
4457:.
4435:.
4414:.
4326:.
4304:.
4239:.
4200:.
4181:.
4153:.
4127:.
4084:.
4043:.
3980:.
3954:.
3908:.
3706:.
3635:.
3567:.
3524:.
3482:.
3428:.
3398:.
3386::
3351:.
3339::
3295:.
3264:.
3238:.
3190:.
3169:.
3141:.
3127:.
3102:.
3076:.
3046:.
2535:.
2398:)
2006:(
1991:e
1984:t
1977:v
1075:)
1071:–
1067:(
974:)
956:)
938:)
920:)
709:(
696:)
530:/
390:)
379:)
305:)
299:(
285:.
278:.
166:)
160:(
155:)
151:(
141:·
134:·
127:·
120:·
93:.
68:)
64:(
20:)
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