47:
359:
609:
109:
1608:
80:
533:, then became independent from the United States as part of the jurisdiction of the Philippines in 1946. The first decade of the reign under the Indonesian Administration started the fight against smuggling, which involved many Sangirese people, as well as the participation of some Sangirese people in the anti-government movement. In the late 1950s to early 1960s, disappointed Sangirese Indonesians took action to recreate migration to the
549:, which include the belief in many spirits of nature and ancestral, the ritual worship of inanimate objects, and magic. Among Sangirese people are a class of distinguished shamans or priests that acted as mediators between the world humans and spirits, to protect patients and children, and to perform miracles. Despite the spread of
636:
and so on. Previously, they had ritual gatherings, but nowadays it is also accompanied by public holidays. Sangirese dance represents a certain set of smooth body movements of the dancer dancing but organized dance of large groups of dancers is usually accompanied by a musical band and female
672:
The main centers of settlements of the
Sangirese people are located in the coastal zones. Previously, their houses were erected on stilts, but gradually they are replaced by modern houses built like the typical Indonesian type. Families who live in the same village, forms a community called
665:), which, according to legend, will "pursue a thief". Agriculture is considered to be mainly women's work. Relationship lineage and the transfer of previously inherited lands occur in the female line. The main occupations of Sangirese men are such as shipbuilding, seafaring, and trade.
442:. In the 16th century, the Ternatean people subdued the Sangirese people, and the islands were discovered by the Portuguese. Then, in the 17th century, they were initially captured and became part of the Spanish colonial rule; which resulted in vocabulary borrowed from the
345:
family. The
Sasahara language (meaning sea speech) is a secret language developed in the first half of the 20th century. It has been widely spoken among Sangirese sailors or pirates. It includes a large number of words borrowed or distorted from other languages.
693:
In the
Sangirese society; which reached a high density by the 20th century, marriage is entered relatively late. Historically, the tradition of buying a bride as an important institution of public organization. Sometimes the ransom looked like whole plots.
394:
migrants came here through the southern
Philippines. They assimilated the natives and began to develop agriculture, to produce fabrics and ceramics. Modern Sangirese people are the direct descendants of that population that has developed on
668:
Forestry production (harvesting of rattan and ebony wood), blacksmithing, and weaving were also widely spread. The economy is mainly characterized by manual labor. It is known that the main diet of
Sangirese people is fish with vegetables.
657:. The sources often mention the cultivation of taro culture, which was cultivated on the slopes of mountains and near rivers. To protect the cultivated fruits like coconuts from thefts, residents from Sangir hung small dolls (in
489:
on 2 March 1856. In the 19th century, the presence of
Protestant missionaries and the increased role of colonial officers began to appear on the island, thus the Sangirese in the Sangihe Islands mostly converted to
1045:
Larena, Maximilian; Sanchez-Quinto, Federico; Sjödin, Per; McKenna, James; Ebeo, Carlo; Reyes, Rebecca; Casel, Ophelia; Huang, Jin-Yuan; Hagada, Kim
Pullupul; Guilay, Dennis; Reyes, Jennelyn (2021-03-30).
575:, which has a separate religious and ethnic group from the Sangirese people. In the 19th to early 20th century, Muslims among the Sangirese people became preachers to other Dutch colonies in Asia.
314:. The (Muslim) Sangil of the Philippines, who represent an early migrant group, are ethnically distinct from the (predominantly Christian) Sangirese of Indonesia, and are considered part of the
461:
were between Dutch and
Spanish possessions, the local inhabitants had successfully performed the role of middleman dealers and smugglers. This led to the emergence of Sangirese settlements in
2837:
987:
1861:
1851:
1831:
1742:
855:
Grimes, Charles E.; Grimes, Barbara D. (1994). "Languages of the North
Moluccas: a preliminary lexicostatistic classification". In Masinambow, E.K.M. (ed.).
578:
The first
Christian missionaries that arrived were the Spanish Catholic monks in the 17th century, but their activity had no long-term effects. In 1857, the
1846:
1656:
1737:
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2254:
382:. Archaeologists have determined that the first humans that arrived in the region of islands were in the 3rd millennium BCE and probably were a mix of
645:
Sangir people are engaged in fishing, hunting, farming (the main crops are tubers, root crops, bananas, and sago), and transit marine trading between
46:
1629:
1564:
Henley, David (2006). "From low to high fertility in Sulawesi (Indonesia) during the colonial period: Explaining the 'first fertility transition'".
2449:
2429:
1897:
1210:. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Pusat Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya, Proyek Penelitian dan Pencatatan Kebudayaan Daerah. 1982. p. 27.
787:. Department of Public Works, Directorate General of Housing, Building, Planning and Urban Development, Directorate of City and Regional Planning.
2444:
571:; but before the arrival of Europeans, they had a very limited impact. In the 17th century, a group of Sangirese Muslims migrated to the area of
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profess Christianity, the majority being Protestants. Muslims comprise about 20% of the people, while the rest profess native beliefs.
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and their primogenitor being Gumansalangi, a cultural hero who lived around the 14th to 15th century. During this period, the
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In the Philippines, most Sangirese Muslims of the Sunni sect due to the stronger influence of the Sultanate of Maguindanao.
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608:
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1642:
799:
3523:
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1105:
Robert Blust (2013). "The Austronesian languages: Revised Edition". Asia-Pacific Linguistics: Open Access Monographs.
685:; which would help them to preserve their identity in an environment similar in language and culture of their people.
1399:
1351:
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450:, and then followed by the Dutch who came later to occupy them in 1677. Maluku sultans also continued to consider
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1524:
Peacock Mabel Dozzils (1896). Joseph Jacobs; Alfred Trübner Nutt; Arthur Robinson Wright; William Crooke (eds.).
835:
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Mindanao Ethnohistory Beyond Nations: Maguindanao, Sangir, and Bagobo Societies in East Maritime Southeast Asia
1256:
Mindanao Ethnohistory Beyond Nations: Maguindanao, Sangir, and Bagobo Societies in East Maritime Southeast Asia
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291:
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529:. In the Philippines, Spain surrendered the territories to the United States in 1898 as the result of
1489:
Boomgaard, Peter (2003). "In the Shadow of Rice: Roots and Tubers in Indonesian History, 1500-1950".
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growers in their home areas and also work as wage labourers in industrial crops enterprises in
3054:
1233:. Kementerian Agama RI, Badan Litbang dan Diklat, Puslitbang Kehidupan Keagamaan. p. 68.
2059:
1120:
887:
537:. Migration of the Sangirese population between the two countries took place in that period.
2784:
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530:
391:
473:) were separated when borders were drawn between the Philippines and Indonesia during the
8:
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opened to Protestant missionaries. The majority of Sangirese people today profess
350:, the lingua franca of North Sulawesi, is also widely spoken among the Sangirese.
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Violence and Vengeance: Religious Conflict and Its Aftermath in Eastern Indonesia
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Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape
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931:. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 659–660.
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Pirates, Ports, and Coasts in Asia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
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The Sangirese people consider themselves to have originated directly from
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859:. Buletin LEKNAS. Vol. 3(1). Jakarta: LEKNAS-LIPI. pp. 35–63.
321:
Genetic studies have shown that the Sangil have partial Papuan descent.
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The Sangirese have traditionally been concentrated in the province of
2857:
2715:
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2158:
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1048:"Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years"
827:
620:
Sangirese folklore is famous for its dance art. Local dances include
526:
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85:
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formed a government under the authority of the Muslim rulers of the
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Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia: Philippines and Formosa. 2
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By the 19th century, European influence was limited to trading. As
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Geohazards in Indonesia: Earth Science for Disaster Risk Reduction
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383:
307:
1175:. Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Pusat. 2000. p. 50.
927:
Gowing, Peter G. (1984). "Sangil". In Weekes, Richard Y. (ed.).
302:. Many Sangirese migrants inhabit mainland Sulawesi, as well as
3223:
2923:
2011:
1441:"Population by Region and Religion - Kepulauan Sangihe Regency"
572:
268:
785:
Sulawesi Regional Development Study: Final Report, Volumes 1-5
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were contributed by the catastrophic volcanic eruption of
477:. Sangirese resettlements in other areas of the eastern
681:
seek out and continually maintain family ties with their
1392:
A Presença Portuguesa nas Ilhas das Moluccas 1511 - 1605
378:
The primary settlements of the Sangirese people are the
1523:
563:
began to spread in the 15th to 16th century from the
2845:
1603:
763:"2010 Census of Population and Housing: Philippines"
586:, being at the same time strongly influenced by the
1342:Frank M. LeBar & George N. Appell, ed. (1975).
968:. Vol. 5. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall. p. 224.
545:Ancient belief systems of the Sangirese people are
1318:
502:. In the Philippines, most Sangirese converted to
51:A fishing family outside at the beach with net in
1371:. Ekenaes printing Company, limited. p. 88.
341:, as well as their dialects, which belong to the
3510:
1346:. Human Relations Area Files Press. p. 14.
882:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 59.
494:due to proximity and contact with the Christian
362:Sangirese Warriors visiting and settling in the
1463:
1366:
1231:Perkembangan paham keagamaan lokal di Indonesia
1052:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1664:
1278:
2831:
1650:
1541:Cleanliness and Culture: Indonesian Histories
1414:
1253:
1228:
751:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003.
712:, Indonesian actor, singer and martial artist
1298:. Geological Society of London. p. 40.
1147:John Kleinen & Manon Osseweijer (2010).
1104:
854:
557:, many ancient rituals are still practiced.
1539:C. van Dijk & J. Gelman Taylor (2011).
1466:"Tulude, Antara Tradisi & Nilai Budaya"
1294:P.R. Cummins & I. Meilano, ed. (2007).
953:
929:Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey
2838:
2824:
1657:
1643:
1419:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 96.
1389:
1283:. Gadjah Mada University Press. p. 7.
1258:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 90.
741:
1488:
1110:
1081:
1063:
920:
797:
267:. The Sangirese people are fishermen and
1151:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
959:
688:
640:
607:
506:due to the influence of the neighboring
357:
783:University of British Columbia (1979).
730:, Indonesian composer and film director
3511:
1563:
1038:
926:
888:10.7591/cornell/9780801451584.001.0001
877:
821:
819:
2819:
1638:
427:before the start of the modern era.
800:"The Indonesian Sangirs in Mindanao"
791:
259:in the northern chain of islands in
71:Regions with significant populations
3063:
1464:Henry Roy Somba (1 February 2018).
1010:"The Odyssey of Sangil in Mindanao"
1007:
816:
469:. Their populations (much like the
16:Native people to the Sangir Islands
13:
677:. Resettled Sangirese people from
517:gained its independence. In 1950,
14:
3535:
1620:
697:
329:The Sangirese speak their native
2847:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
1606:
1528:. Folklore Society. p. 399.
1281:The population of North Sulawesi
1187:"Cerita dari Pesisir Sangir (2)"
825:
107:
78:
45:
1557:
1532:
1517:
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1098:
1001:
990:from the original on 2022-12-27
878:Duncan, Christopher R. (2013).
838:from the original on 2023-01-17
770:Philippine Statistics Authority
446:that is still preserved in the
966:Encyclopedia of World Cultures
871:
848:
776:
755:
593:Today, about 79% of people of
1:
1208:Sejarah Daerah Sulawesi Utara
1173:Suara hidayatullah, Volume 13
997:– via encyclopedia.com.
960:Levinson, David, ed. (1993).
734:
390:. In the 1st millennium BCE,
1189:. Liputan6. 10 February 2012
454:as part of their territory.
255:) is a native people of the
7:
1630:Suku Sangir, Sulawesi Utara
1319:Raymond Westerling (1952).
1229:Achmad Rosidi, ed. (2011).
540:
324:
10:
3540:
3519:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
1666:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
1394:. GRIN Verlag. p. 3.
832:Sulawesi Language Alliance
798:Mick Basa (9 March 2014).
603:
353:
3524:Ethnic groups in Mindanao
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2010:
1926:
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1578:10.1080/00324720600896130
273:Bolaang Mongondow Regency
263:and the southern part of
201:
196:
180:
175:
132:
127:
75:
70:
65:
60:
44:
27:
1503:10.1525/ah.2003.77.4.582
1369:The Origin of Priesthood
1367:Gunnar Landtman (1905).
1008:Non, Domingo M. (2011).
722:Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng
531:the Spanish-American War
508:Sultanate of Maguindanao
2731:Bangka Belitung Chinese
1279:Gavin W. Jones (1977).
1065:10.1073/pnas.2026132118
706:, Indonesian footballer
595:Sangihe Islands Regency
492:Protestant Christianity
1415:Shinzō Hayase (2007).
1254:Shinzō Hayase (2007).
1128:Cite journal requires
1014:The Journal of History
617:
375:
66:approx. 600,000 people
1543:. BRILL. p. 96.
857:Maluku dan Irian Jaya
689:Institute of marriage
641:Lifestyle and economy
611:
403:(particularly in the
361:
343:Austronesian language
197:Related ethnic groups
1491:Agricultural History
1390:Elke Timme (2005).
1321:Challenge to Terror
1058:(13): e2026132118.
906:10.7591/j.ctt32b65z
718:, Indonesian singer
452:the Sangihe Islands
24:
2868:Indigenous peoples
1566:Population Studies
1526:Folklore, Volume 7
1323:. William Kimber.
659:Sangirese language
637:rhythmic singing.
618:
448:Sangirese language
376:
366:, Originally from
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1550:978-90-042-5361-2
1426:978-97-155-0511-6
1305:978-18-623-9966-2
1265:978-97-155-0511-6
1240:978-97-979-7326-1
1158:978-981-4279-07-9
897:978-0-8014-6910-7
724:, Indonesian poet
465:and the southern
405:Sarangani Islands
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444:Spanish language
401:Davao Occidental
277:Minahasa Regency
188:) 79%, minority
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61:Total population
55:, December 1948.
49:
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21:
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1112:10.1.1.829.6282
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1002:
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747:
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679:Sangihe Islands
643:
606:
580:Sangihe Islands
543:
525:became part of
523:Sangihe Islands
496:Minahasa people
459:Sangihe Islands
436:Sangihe Islands
409:Davao del Norte
397:Sangihe Islands
380:Sangihe Islands
356:
327:
238:
171:
123:: 16,014 (2010)
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3402:
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2728:
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2708:
2703:
2702:
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2699:Black Dutchmen
2690:
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2687:Non-indigenous
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440:Maluku Islands
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584:Protestantism
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432:Sangir Island
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413:Davao del Sur
410:
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399:and parts of
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53:Sangir Island
48:
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35:
31:
26:
3055:Zamboangueño
2315:Tau Taa Wana
1743:Talang Mamak
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1569:
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1121:cite journal
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965:
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710:Frans Mohede
692:
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644:
633:
629:
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621:
619:
613:
599:
592:
577:
559:
555:Christianity
547:polytheistic
544:
519:the Sulawesi
512:
475:colonial era
456:
429:
392:Austronesian
377:
348:Manado Malay
328:
320:
306:, including
304:North Maluku
281:
252:
248:
244:
243:
206:Moro peoples
182:Christianity
147:Manado Malay
105:
102:North Maluku
76:
37:
33:
29:
19:Ethnic group
3365:Immigrants
3093:Maguindanao
2949:Romblomanon
2934:Kapampangan
2661:Tanimbarese
2375:Ekari (Mee)
2250:Gorontaloan
1886:Aneuk Jamee
1881:Minangkabau
1837:Bugis-Malay
1728:Orang Rimba
1723:Orang Kuala
1676:Indonesians
716:Mike Mohede
655:Philippines
535:Philippines
479:Celebes Sea
467:Philippines
372:Boxer Codex
368:Siau Island
364:Philippines
300:Philippines
221:Gorontaloan
190:Sunni Islam
115:Philippines
3513:Categories
3418:Indonesian
3078:Banguingui
3050:Surigaonon
3002:Hiligaynon
2944:Pangasinan
2800:Portuguese
2758:Klingalese
2200:Orang Laut
2038:Lun Bawang
2012:Kalimantan
1968:Kangeanese
1961:Tenggerese
1951:Banyumasan
1946:Cirebonese
1790:Toba Batak
1785:Simalungun
1775:Mandailing
1738:Petalangan
1693:Aboriginal
1475:2018-07-25
1450:2018-08-16
1193:2018-07-22
1031:2024-07-11
994:2022-12-27
975:081688840X
842:2023-01-17
809:2017-12-25
735:References
728:Monty Tiwa
704:Jordi Amat
653:, and the
471:Sama-Bajau
339:Indonesian
186:Protestant
142:Indonesian
3433:Malaysian
3387:Brazilian
3313:Agutaynen
3176:Kankanaey
3045:Sangirese
3012:Porohanon
2939:Masbateño
2900:(Ilongot)
2858:Filipinos
2795:Pakistani
2790:Mardijker
2741:Peranakan
2542:Manggarai
2525:Lamaholot
2385:Ketengban
2305:Sangirese
2285:Mongondow
2280:Minahasan
2275:Mandarese
2255:Kalumpang
2188:Pontianak
2159:Punan Bah
2075:Uma Baka'
2050:Apo Kayan
2029:Apo Duat
2000:Bantenese
1990:Sundanese
1903:Palembang
1329:906322381
1107:CiteSeerX
1074:0027-8424
1026:0117-2840
914:865508920
634:ampawayer
626:alabadiri
527:Indonesia
515:Indonesia
513:In 1945,
483:Mount Awu
374:, c.1590)
331:Sangirese
312:Halmahera
288:Indonesia
231:Mongondow
226:Minahasan
167:Minahasan
128:Languages
97:Gorontalo
94:: 449,805
86:Indonesia
3438:Nepalese
3423:Japanese
3382:American
3375:Americas
3343:Suludnon
3328:Tagbanua
3318:Palawano
3305:Palaweño
3262:Ratagnon
3209:Higaonon
3204:Bukidnon
3181:Tinguian
3146:Balangao
3130:Highland
3035:Butuanon
3027:Mindanao
2987:Capiznon
2982:Boholano
2898:Bugkalot
2893:Bicolano
2775:Japanese
2748:Filipino
2716:Chindian
2711:Armenian
2634:Ambonese
2617:Manusela
2600:Moluccan
2552:Rotenese
2505:Bimanese
2500:Balinese
2495:Bali Aga
2265:Makassar
2245:Bonerate
2240:Butonese
2230:Buginese
2222:Sulawesi
2147:Bakumpai
2135:Ma'anyan
2130:Lawangan
2125:Ot Danum
2089:Kendayan
1973:Madurese
1941:Javanese
1913:Simeulue
1874:Sakuddei
1869:Mentawai
1750:Acehnese
1594:34812652
1586:17060056
1216:13916518
1092:33753512
988:Archived
984:22492614
962:"Sangir"
865:54222413
836:archived
828:"Sangir"
647:Sulawesi
630:masamper
541:Religion
500:Sulawesi
463:Sulawesi
388:Negritos
384:Veddoids
325:Language
290:and the
265:Mindanao
261:Sulawesi
216:Visayans
184:(mainly
176:Religion
152:Filipino
121:Mindanao
3494:Spanish
3489:Russian
3469:English
3448:Iranian
3408:Chinese
3392:Mexican
3295:Mamanwa
3272:Negrito
3254:Mangyan
3239:Teduray
3234:Tasaday
3229:Subanon
3219:Mandaya
3214:Mamanwa
3171:Kalinga
3098:Maranao
3040:Kalagan
3007:Karay-a
2992:Cebuano
2977:Aklanon
2969:Visayas
2959:Tagalog
2919:Ilocano
2909:Gaddang
2904:Cuyunon
2877:Lowland
2726:Benteng
2721:Chinese
2694:African
2671:Togutil
2644:Wai Apu
2629:Ambelau
2577:Sumbawa
2475:Lesser
2450:Waropen
2430:Sentani
2395:Korowai
2365:Damalme
2350:Amungme
2320:Torajan
2164:Bukitan
2152:Meratus
2106:Mualang
2084:Bidayuh
2033:Kelabit
1918:Singkil
1898:Haloban
1862:Serdang
1852:Langkat
1812:Lampung
1797:Enggano
1765:Angkola
1685:Sumatra
1511:3744936
1470:Rappler
1377:5228436
1083:8020671
947:9970261
804:Rappler
604:Culture
354:History
308:Ternate
298:in the
249:Sangihe
162:Cebuano
99:: 7,489
34:Sangihe
3484:Polish
3474:German
3462:Europe
3453:Jewish
3428:Korean
3413:Indian
3333:Molbog
3224:Manobo
3161:Ifugao
3156:Ibaloi
3151:Bontoc
3138:Igorot
3108:Tausug
3088:Iranun
3083:Kaagan
2997:Eskaya
2954:Sambal
2929:Ivatan
2924:Itawes
2914:Ibanag
2785:Korean
2780:Jewish
2753:Indian
2676:Wemale
2666:Tobelo
2656:Lisela
2651:Kayeli
2622:Nuaulu
2535:Loloan
2515:Helong
2455:Wolani
2445:Wambon
2440:Tobati
2405:Marind
2390:Kombai
2325:Mamasa
2295:Pamona
2235:Bungku
2118:Tidung
2094:Selako
2070:Lebbo'
2065:Kenyah
2043:Sa'ban
2020:Banjar
1978:Bawean
1936:Betawi
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1832:Asahan
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573:Manado
423:, and
337:, and
335:Talaud
292:Region
269:nutmeg
253:Sangil
245:Sangir
235:Talaud
157:Talaud
137:Sangir
112:
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38:Sangil
30:Sangir
23:Sangir
3479:Greek
3323:Batak
3290:Batak
3244:Tboli
3199:Blaan
3191:Lumad
3166:Isneg
3113:Yakan
3103:Samal
3073:Bajau
3017:Waray
2885:Luzon
2863:Pinoy
2805:Totok
2763:Tamil
2612:Alune
2607:Alfur
2582:Tetum
2572:Sumba
2567:Sikka
2557:Sasak
2530:Malay
2520:Kemak
2510:Bunak
2490:Atoni
2435:Tehit
2420:Nduga
2360:Bauzi
2355:Asmat
2337:Papua
2300:Rampi
2270:Malay
2260:Lindu
2210:Suluk
2205:Bajau
2183:Berau
2178:Malay
2142:Ngaju
2113:Murut
2060:Kayan
2055:Bahau
2025:Dayak
1995:Baduy
1985:Malay
1956:Osing
1847:Lahat
1827:Malay
1807:Kluet
1760:Batak
1733:Sakai
1718:Mante
1708:Bonai
1703:Batin
1590:S2CID
1507:JSTOR
902:JSTOR
766:(PDF)
622:gunde
614:koffo
561:Islam
551:Islam
504:Islam
296:Dávao
211:Lumad
3443:Arab
3401:Asia
3280:Aeta
3065:Moro
2770:Indo
2706:Arab
2639:Buru
2562:Savu
2547:Nage
2485:Abui
2465:Yaur
2460:Yali
2425:Sawi
2415:Moni
2400:Lani
2380:Fayu
2370:Dani
2345:Abun
2310:Seko
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2195:Moro
2169:Krio
2101:Iban
1928:Java
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1755:Alas
1713:Lubu
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1582:PMID
1545:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1373:OCLC
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