457:(outermost layer of skin), where she deposits two or three eggs per day. These oval eggs are 0.1–0.15 mm (0.0039–0.0059 in) long and hatch as larvae in three to four days. A female can lay up to 30 eggs, then dies at the end of a burrow. Upon hatching, the six-legged larvae migrate to the skin surface and then burrow into molting pouches, usually into hair follicles, where vesicles form (these are shorter and smaller than the adult burrows). After three to four days, the larvae molt, turning into eight-legged nymphs. This form molts a second time into slightly larger nymphs, before a final molt into adult mites. Adult mites then mate when the male penetrates the molting pouch of the female. Mating occurs only once, as that one event leaves the female infertile for the rest of her life (one to two months). The impregnated female then leaves the molting pouch in search of a suitable location for a permanent burrow. Once a site is found, the female creates her characteristic S-shaped burrow, laying eggs in the process. The female will continue lengthening her burrow and laying eggs for the duration of her life.
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53:
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40:
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the mite's surface has folds covered with short bristles. The front legs end in long, tubular processes known as suckers, and the hind legs end in long bristles. The male has suckers on all legs except the third pair, which distinguishes it from the female. Females are 0.3–0.45 mm (0.012–0.018 in) long and 0.25–0.35 mm (0.0098–0.0138 in) wide, and males are just over half that size.
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Adult scabies mites are spherical, eyeless mites with four pairs of legs (two pairs in front and two pairs behind). They are recognizable by their oval, ventrally flattened and dorsally convex tortoise-like bodies and multiple cuticular spines. No demarcation into cephalothorax or abdomen occurs, and
356:
In the nymphal stages, the creature feeds and moults, and if male, gives rise to the adult. In the case of females, another moult occurs before adulthood. The female has more moults than a male, so takes longer—17 days compared to 9 to 11 days for a male—to reach adulthood. The female is about twice
331:
reaction to the mites, their eggs, or scybala (packets of feces) occurs approximately 30 days after infestation. The presence of the eggs produces a massive allergic response that, in turn, produces more itching. Individuals who already are sensitized from a prior infestation can develop symptoms
352:
The burrowing is carried out using the mouth parts and special cutting surfaces on the front legs. While these are being used, the mite anchors itself with suckers on its feet. Eggs are laid in small numbers as the mite burrows, and, as these hatch, six-legged larvae climb out on to the skin and
360:
Although the life-cycle is only about two weeks, individual patients are seldom found to have more than about a dozen mites on them. Even so, this number can cause agonising itching, especially at night, and severe damage to the skin often comes as a result of scratching, in particular by the
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are commonly found in pigs. They significantly depress growth and feeding rate, but usually die out in around five days in typical farm conditions. However, once in a herd, the mites are very difficult to eliminate without great measures taken.
410:
The eggs are laid by the female at a rate of about two to three eggs a day for about two months. About 2% of the
British population is thought to be infested with these mites, which take about 25 minutes to an hour to burrow into the skin.
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348:
are the most well-known, causing "scabies", or "the itch". The adult female mite, having been fertilized, burrows into the skin (usually at the hands or wrists, but other parts of the body may also be affected), and lays its eggs.
395:
344:, also a mite that infests the skin of domestic animals. Sarcoptic mange affects domestic animals and similar infestations in domestic fowls cause the disease known as "scaly leg". The effects of
525:
Old JM, Sengupta C, Narayan E, Wolfenden J (2018). Sarcoptic mange in wombats – A review and future research directions. Transboundary and
Emerging Diseases. 65, 399-407. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12770
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is in areas with frequent skin-to-skin contact, such as the hands and wrists, as the mites are transmitted by skin contact with carriers, and they very easily spread. Infestations of
375:
394:
291:; this discovery of the itch mite in 1687 marked scabies as the first disease of humans with a known microscopic causative agent. The disease produces intense, itchy skin
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search for hair follicles, where they feed and moult (discard old cuticles to grow). In the hair follicles, the larvae show the first nymphal stages, with eight legs.
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is a genus of skin parasites, and part of the larger family of mites collectively known as "scab mites". They are also related to the scab mite
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The action of the mites moving within the skin and on the skin itself produces an intense itch that may resemble other types of
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232:; other mammals can be infested with different varieties of the mite. They include wild and domesticated
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stage, and then mature into adult mites. The adult mites live three to four weeks in the host's skin.
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515:. CDC DPDx - Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. 28 March 2018.
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goes through four stages in its lifecycle: egg, larva, nymph, and adult.
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L. Arlian (1989). "Biology, host relations and epidemiology of
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Upon infesting a human host, the adult female burrows into the
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307:, which hatch in three to 10 days, move about on the skin,
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Human scabies mite seen under an optical microscope (x20)
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introduction of infective bacteria, which may lead to
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showed in the 17th century that scabies is caused by
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212:found in all parts of the world that burrows into
488:List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions
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19:"Itch mite" redirects here. For other uses, see
604:Division of Parasitic Diseases. 5 December 2008
924:Template:Tick-borne diseases and infestations
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295:when the impregnated female tunnels into the
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199:Traditional English pronunciation of Latin
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544:Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE
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414:The best conditions in which to harbor
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1094:f5c19af3-d97d-417d-93e6-49b5744c8386
643:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.001035
535:D. B. Pence; E. Ueckermann (2002).
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698:-borne diseases and infestations
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1145:Parasitic arthropods of humans
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1:
537:"Sarcoptic mange in wildlife"
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240:(in which it is one cause of
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1165:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
630:Annual Review of Entomology
602:Centers for Disease Control
493:List of parasites of humans
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10:
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21:Itch mite (disambiguation)
18:
1135:Animals described in 1758
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922:For ticks and mites, see
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712:
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327:in appearance. A delayed
299:of the skin and deposits
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48:Scientific classification
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37:
30:
797:Cordylobia anthropophaga
329:Type IV hypersensitivity
801:Cochliomyia hominivorax
279:The Italian biologists
1160:Cosmopolitan arachnids
818:mosquito-borne disease
577:"The cause of scabies"
556:10.20506/rst.21.2.1335
407:
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357:the size of the male.
281:Giovanni Cosimo Bonomo
276:
898:Armillifer armillatus
736:head lice infestation
401:
382:
319:Clinical significance
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197:ˈkɒptiːz skeɪˈbiːaɪ/
892:Porocephalus crotali
727:pediculosis corporis
483:Fly strike in sheep
303:in the burrow. The
878:Linguatula serrata
793:Dermatobia hominis
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389:
277:
1155:Parasites of dogs
1150:Parasites of cats
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1116:
1102:Open Tree of Life
993:Sarcoptes_scabiei
979:Sarcoptes scabiei
949:Sarcoptes scabiei
941:Taxon identifiers
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931:
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625:Sarcoptes scabiei
475:Arthropods portal
442:Sarcoptes scabiei
440:The scabies mite
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325:allergic reaction
289:Sarcoptes scabiei
226:Sarcoptes scabiei
190:Sarcoptes scabiei
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167:Sarcoptes scabiei
32:Sarcoptes scabiei
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1071:NHMSYS0020774207
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285:Diacinto Cestoni
220:. Humans become
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838:Tunga penetrans
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297:stratum corneum
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149:S. scabiei
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16:Species of mite
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5:
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1130:Sarcoptiformes
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332:within hours.
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115:Sarcoptiformes
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884:linguatulosis
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550:(2): 385–98.
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158:Binomial name
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869:Pentastomida
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696:ectoparasite
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606:. Retrieved
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25:
1053:iNaturalist
973:Wikispecies
747:phthiriasis
216:and causes
125:Sarcoptidae
95:Chelicerata
91:Subphylum:
1124:Categories
742:Crab louse
732:Head louse
722:Body louse
692:Arthropods
637:: 139–61.
608:9 February
499:References
436:Life cycle
427:Morphology
420:S. scabiei
416:S. scabiei
404:S. scabiei
385:S. scabiei
346:S. scabiei
266:great apes
250:wild boars
85:Arthropoda
860:Crustacea
844:tungiasis
772:cimicosis
759:Hemiptera
594:"Scabies"
513:"Scabies"
342:Psoroptes
337:Sarcoptes
246:ungulates
207:parasitic
203:itch mite
201:) or the
143:Species:
136:Sarcoptes
105:Arachnida
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1019:10408691
958:Wikidata
814:Mosquito
564:11974622
461:See also
363:impetigo
222:infested
175:Linnaeus
121:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
1045:9660512
964:Q500869
807:myiasis
767:Bed bug
705:Insecta
651:2494934
446:hominis
313:nymphal
311:into a
258:wombats
230:hominis
218:scabies
131:Genus:
111:Order:
101:Class:
1091:NZOR:
1058:262979
1032:SAROSC
1006:657316
649:
562:
367:eczema
305:larvae
293:rashes
264:, and
262:koalas
254:bovids
1107:64848
1084:52283
714:Louse
540:(PDF)
444:var.
309:moult
242:mange
228:var.
205:is a
193:(/sɑː
1079:NCBI
1040:GBIF
1027:EPPO
1001:BOLD
829:Flea
730:) /
694:and
647:PMID
610:2009
560:PMID
406:mite
387:mite
301:eggs
283:and
238:cats
236:and
234:dogs
214:skin
210:mite
179:1758
1066:NBN
1014:EoL
988:AFD
784:Fly
639:doi
627:".
552:doi
365:or
244:),
224:by
1126::
1104::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1029::
1016::
1003::
990::
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895:/
799:/
795:/
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635:34
633:.
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583:^
558:.
548:21
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369:.
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907:)
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744:(
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734:(
724:(
684:e
677:t
670:v
653:.
641::
612:.
566:.
554::
195:r
181:)
173:(
23:.
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