Wild boar - Knowledge

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environmental and financial costs for the United States alone. The breadth of this damage is due to prior inattention and lack of management tactics for extended lengths of time. Managing wild boar is a complex task, as it involves coordinating a combination of crop harvest techniques, fencing, toxic bait, corrals, and hunting. The most common tactic employed by private land owners in the United States is recreational hunting, however, this is generally not as effective on its own. Management strategies are most successful when they take into account reproduction, dispersion, and the differences between ideal resources for males and females.

4763: 3885: 4290: 3244:) in Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and the Far East up until the late 19th century. In modern times, tiger numbers are too low to have a limiting effect on boar populations. A single tiger can systematically destroy an entire sounder by preying on its members one by one, before moving on to another sounder. Tigers have been noted to chase boars for longer distances than with other prey. In two rare cases, boars were reported to gore a small tiger and a tigress to death in self-defense. A "large male tiger" died of wounds inflicted by an old wild boar it had killed in "a battle royal" between the two animals. 3525: 3973:

published in the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology was conducted on the results of Feral Swine control. Only two years after the control started, the amount of turtle nests jumped from 57 to 143, and the turtle nest predation percent dropped from 74 to 15. They kill and eat deers, lizards, birds, snakes, and more. These boars are called "opportunist omnivores", which means they eat almost anything. This means they can survive almost anywhere. A big surplus of food and the ability to adapt to any new place causes lots of breeding. All of these factors make it difficult to get rid of wild boars.

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European pig stock. Modern domesticated pigs have involved complex exchanges, with European domesticated lines being exported in turn to the ancient Near East. Historical records indicate that Asian pigs were introduced into Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Domestic pigs tend to have much more developed hindquarters than their wild boar ancestors, to the point where 70% of their body weight is concentrated in the posterior, which is the opposite of wild boar, where most of the muscles are concentrated on the head and shoulders.

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The animal's head is very large, taking up to one-third of the body's entire length. The structure of the head is well suited for digging. The head acts as a plough, while the powerful neck muscles allow the animal to upturn considerable amounts of soil: it is capable of digging 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in) into frozen ground and can upturn rocks weighing 40–50 kg (88–110 lb). The eyes are small and deep-set and the ears long and broad. The species has well developed

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trees. Water is also affected negatively by wild boars. When wild boars are active in streams, or small pools of water, it causes increased turbidity (excessive silt and particle suspension). In some cases, the fecal coliform concentration increases to dangerous levels because of wild boars. Aquatic wildlife is affected, more prominently fish, and amphibians. Wild boars have caused a great decrease in over 300 animal or plant species, 250 being endangered or threatened.

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did not say. Not once did the programme mention that this is a native species. The boar was discussed as if it were an exotic invasive animal, such as the mink or the grey squirrel. Then, once we've found out how many boars, should be culled to allow a gentle expansion but not an explosion, permits to shoot them should be sold, and the money used to compensate farmers whose crops the boar have damaged. Other hunting should be banned. This is how they do it in France.

4594: 1636: 4147: 740: 4113: 10894: 3551:. Between their medieval extinction and the 1980s, when wild boar farming began, only a handful of captive wild boar, imported from the continent, were present in Britain. Occasional escapes of wild boar from wildlife parks have occurred as early as the 1970s, but since the early 1990s significant populations have re-established themselves after escapes from farms, the number of which has increased as the demand for meat from the species has grown. A 1998 2650: 1489: 241: 92: 4919: 1603: 2606:

leave the lair for their first week of life. Should the mother be absent, the piglets lie closely pressed to each other. By two weeks of age, the piglets begin accompanying their mother on her journeys. Should danger be detected, the piglets take cover or stand immobile, relying on their camouflage to keep them hidden. The neonatal coat fades after three months, with adult colouration being attained at eight months. Although the

10508: 3185:, boars are the wolf's primary prey, despite an abundance of alternative, less powerful ungulates. Wolves are particularly threatening during the winter, when deep snow impedes the boars' movements. In the Baltic regions, heavy snowfall can allow wolves to eliminate boars from an area almost completely. Wolves primarily target piglets and subadults and only rarely attack adult sows. Adult males are usually avoided entirely. 2035: 1692: 849: 3201: 4578: 2364: 1104: 3982: 2399: 3625:

location of Weston under Penyard many kilometres or miles away. In early 2010 the Forestry Commission embarked on a cull, with the aim of reducing the boar population from an estimated 150 animals to 100. By August it was stated that efforts were being made to reduce the population from 200 to 90, but that only 25 had been killed. The failure to meet cull targets was confirmed in February 2011.

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that they are not evolutionarily predisposed, and alter their diets substantially based on what is available. These "adaptive generalists", can survive in a variety of landscapes, making the prediction of their movement patterns and any potential close contact areas crucial to limiting damage. All of these qualities make them equally difficult to manage or limit.

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less willing to accept the economic damages of their behaviors, as wild boar are seen as pests. This media tone impacts management policy, with every 10 negative articles increasing wild boar policy activity by 6.7%. Contrary to this portrayal, wild boar, when managed well within their natural environments, can be a crucial part of forest ecosystems.

3737:, pure wild boars were not introduced into the New World until the 19th century. The suids were released into the wild by wealthy landowners as big game animals. The initial introductions took place in fenced enclosures, though several escapes occurred, with the escapees sometimes intermixing with already established feral pig populations. 4481:(猪). Boars are also seen as symbols of fertility and prosperity; in some regions, it is thought that boars are drawn to fields owned by families including pregnant women, and hunters with pregnant wives are thought to have greater chances of success when boar hunting. The animal's link to prosperity was illustrated by its inclusion on the 3725:. In some jurisdictions, it is illegal to import, breed, release, possess, sell, distribute, trade, transport, hunt, or trap Eurasian boars. Hunting and trapping is done systematically, to increase the chance of eradication and to remove the incentive to illegally release boars, which have mostly been spread deliberately by sport hunters. 2479:: Grunting noises which differ in intensity according to the situation. Adult males are usually silent, while females frequently grunt and piglets whine. When feeding, boars express their contentment through purring. Studies have shown that piglets imitate the sounds of their mother, thus different litters may have unique vocalisations. 4621:. Boar hunting became particularly popular among the young nobility during the 3rd century BC as preparation for manhood and battle. A typical Roman boar hunting tactic involved surrounding a given area with large nets, then flushing the boar with dogs and immobilizing it with smaller nets. The animal would then be dispatched with a 2427:, males average 75–100 kg (165–220 lb) in weight, 75–80 cm (30–31 in) in shoulder height and 150 cm (59 in) in body length, whereas females average 60–80 kg (130–180 lb) in weight, 70 cm (28 in) in shoulder height and 140 cm (55 in) in body length. In Europe's 4860:, Japan in 1749, where 3,000 people died of what became known as the "wild boar famine". Still, within Japanese culture, the boar's status as vermin is expressed through its title as "king of pests" and the popular saying (addressed to young men in rural areas) "When you get married, choose a place with no wild boar." 3756:. Several of these boars escaped, though they were quickly hunted down by locals. Two further introductions were made from the original stocking, with several escapes taking place due to breaches in the game preserve's fencing. These escapees have ranged widely, with some specimens having been observed crossing into 9178: 2802:. These resting places are occupied by whole families (though males lie separately) and are often located in the vicinity of streams, in swamp forests and in tall grass or shrub thickets. Boars never defecate in their shelters and will cover themselves with soil and pine needles when irritated by insects. 2435:, males average 110–130 kg (240–290 lb) in weight, 95 cm (37 in) in shoulder height and 160 cm (63 in) in body length, while females weigh 95 kg (209 lb), reach 85–90 cm (33–35 in) in shoulder height, and reach 145 cm (57 in) in body length. In 4247:, where the animal is explicitly linked to the month of October, therefore autumn. This association likely arose from aspects of the boar's actual nature. Its dark colour was linked to the night, while its solitary habits, proclivity to consume crops and nocturnal nature were associated with evil. The 4930:

According to a study, wild boars are causing soil disturbance that, among other problems, globally results in annual carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to that of ~1.1 million passenger vehicles (4.9 Mt, 0.01% of all GHG emissions as of 2022), implying that as of 2021 hunted boar meat – unlike other

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was killed by one). A 2012 study compiling recorded attacks from 1825 to 2012 found accounts of 665 human victims of both wild boars and feral pigs, with the majority (19%) of attacks in the animal's native range occurring in India. Most of the attacks occurred in rural areas during the winter months

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to be a more noble and worthy quarry. The post-Roman nobility hunted boar as their predecessors did, but primarily as training for battle rather than sport. It was not uncommon for medieval hunters to deliberately hunt boars during the breeding season when the animals were more aggressive. During the

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The winter coat consists of long, coarse bristles underlaid with short brown downy fur. The length of these bristles varies along the body, with the shortest being around the face and limbs and the longest running along the back. These back bristles form the aforementioned mane prominent in males and

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The boars cause many habitats to become less diverse because of their feeding behaviors and predation. Wild boars will dig up eggs of species and eat them, as well as killing other wildlife for food. When these boars compete with other species for resources, they usually come out successful. A study

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In recent centuries, the range of wild boar has changed dramatically, largely due to hunting by humans and more recently because of captive wild boar escaping into the wild. Prior to the 20th century, boar populations had declined in numerous areas, with British populations probably becoming extinct

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Newborn piglets weigh around 600–1,000 grams, lacking underfur and bearing a single milk incisor and canine on each half of the jaw. There is intense competition between the piglets over the most milk-rich nipples, as the best-fed young grow faster and have stronger constitutions. The piglets do not

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varies according to the age of the expecting mother. For first-time breeders, it lasts 114–130 days, while it lasts 133–140 days in older sows. Farrowing occurs between March and May, with litter sizes depending on the age and nutrition of the mother. The average litter consists of 4–6 piglets, with

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evidence from sub-fossil remains of teeth and jawbones of Neolithic pigs shows that the first domestic pigs in Europe had been brought from the Near East. This stimulated the domestication of local European wild boars, resulting in a third domestication event with the Near Eastern genes dying out in

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I was prompted to write this article by an item I heard on the BBC's Farming Today programme at the beginning of the week. It was an interview with Ralph Harmer, who works for the Forestry Commission, about whether or not the returning boars are damaging our woodlands. I was struck by what the item

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area. They can be killed there legally without a license and are culled by land managers as wild populations appear occasionally. As of 2024, an agency that advises the Scottish government estimates that Scotland is home to a few thousand wild boars. Locals around Loch Ness that were interviewed by

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Population estimates for the Forest of Dean are disputed as, at the time that the DEFRA population estimate was 100, a photo of a boar sounder in the forest near Staunton with over 33 animals visible was published and at about the same time over 30 boar were seen in a field near the original escape

3225:) are predators of wild boar in the Caucasus (particularly Transcaucasia), the Russian Far East, India, China and Iran. In most areas, boars constitute only a small part of the leopard's diet. However, in Iran's Sarigol National Park, boars are the second most frequently targeted prey species after 4910:

Managing wild boar is a pressing task in both native and invasive contexts as they can be disruptive to other systems when not addressed. Wild boar find their success through adaptation of daily patterns to circumvent threats. They avoid human contact through nocturnal lifestyles, despite the fact

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A 2023 study found that allowing wild pigs to forage on edible garbage in large regional landfills results in those animals getting physically large/heavier, having larger litters of piglets, and causing more wild pig-vehicle collisions in the vicinity of the landfill. The effects of letting these

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under control. The growth of urban areas and the corresponding decline in natural boar habitats has led to some sounders entering human habitations in search of food. As in natural conditions, sounders in peri-urban areas are matriarchal, though males tend to be much less represented and adults of

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double in size and the glands secrete a foamy yellowish liquid. Once ready to reproduce, males travel long distances in search of a sounder of sows, eating little on the way. Once a sounder has been located, the male drives off all young animals and persistently chases the sows. At this point, the

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The wild boar is a bulky, massively built suid with short and relatively thin legs. The trunk is short and robust, while the hindquarters are comparatively underdeveloped. The region behind the shoulder blades rises into a hump and the neck is short and thick to the point of being nearly immobile.

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Within Central Europe, the native habitat of the wild boar, there has been a push to re-evaluate interactions between wild boar and humans, with the priority of fostering positive engagement. Negative media and public perception of wild boar as "crop raiders" have made those living alongside them

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In Central Europe, farmers typically repel boars through distraction or fright, while in Kazakhstan it is usual to employ guard dogs in plantations. However, research shows that when compared with other mitigation tactics, hunting is the only strategy to significantly reduce crop damage by boars.

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usually first occurs after two years in sows, while males begin participating in the rut after 4–5 years, as they are not permitted to mate by the older males. The maximum lifespan in the wild is 10–14 years, though few specimens survive past 4–5 years. Boars in captivity have lived for 20 years.

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Wild boars negatively impact other habitats through the destruction of the environment, or homes of wildlife. When wild boars invade new areas, they adapt to the new area by trampling and rooting, as well as displacing many saplings/nutrients. This causes a decrease in growing of many plants and

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sounders consisting of barren sows and mothers with young led by an old matriarch. Male boars leave their sounder at the age of 8–15 months, while females either remain with their mothers or establish new territories nearby. Subadult males may live in loosely knit groups, while adult and elderly

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is very pronounced in the species, with males being typically 5–10% larger and 20–30% heavier than females. Males also sport a mane running down the back, which is particularly apparent during autumn and winter. The canine teeth are also much more prominent in males and grow throughout life. The

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in the Americas, having been introduced by European explorers and settlers in the 16th century to serve as a source of food. Wild boars now cause problems including out-competing native species for food, destroying the nests of ground-nesting species, killing fawns and young domestic livestock,

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have been recorded to weigh 300–350 kg (660–770 lb) and measure 125 cm (49 in) in shoulder height. Adults of this size are generally immune from wolf predation. Such giants are rare in modern times, as past overhunting has prevented animals from attaining their full growth.

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Defining the limits of proper management is difficult, but the exclusion of wild boar from rare environments is generally agreed upon, as when not properly managed, they can damage agricultural ventures and harm vulnerable plant life. These damages are estimated at $ 800 million yearly in

2779:, the boar mostly inhabits savanna or open monsoon forests, avoiding heavily forested areas unless pursued by humans. Wild boar are known to be competent swimmers, capable of covering long distances. In 2013, one boar was reported to have completed the 11-kilometre (7 mi) swim from 4873:

pigs scavenge in these landfills can present unique challenges to population management, control, public safety, and disease transmission. Wild pigs foraging on edible food waste in landfills has also been identified as a vector that facilitates the spread of African swine fever virus.

2395:, which may be 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) thick, extending from the shoulder blades to the rump, thus protecting vital organs during fights. Males sport a roughly chicken egg–sized sac of unclear function near the opening of the penis that collects urine and emits a sharp odour. 4777: 2384:, which protrude from the mouths of adult males. The medial hooves are larger and more elongated than the lateral ones and are capable of quick movements. The animal can run at a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) and jump at a height of 140–150 cm (55–59 in). 2391:

upper canines are relatively short and grow sideways early in life, though they gradually curve upwards. The lower canines are much sharper and longer, with the exposed parts measuring 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in) in length. In the breeding period, males develop a coating of

9915:, Report prepared by Ruth Carden for the Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Northern Ireland, UK, National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland and the National Museum of Ireland – Education & Outreach Department. 2968:, bulbs, meadow herb roots and bulbs and the bulbs of cultivated crops. Such food is favoured in early spring and summer, but may also be eaten in autumn and winter during beechnut and acorn crop failures. Should regular wild foods become scarce, boars will eat tree bark and 4719:. Most meat-dressing organizations agree that a boar carcass should yield 50 kg (110 lb) of meat on average. Large specimens can yield 15–20 kg (33–44 lb) of fat, with some giants yielding 30 kg (66 lb) or more. A boar hide can measure 3 9142: 4706:

celebrations among the nobility. Although growing in popularity as a captive-bred source of food, the wild boar takes longer to mature than most domestic pigs and it is usually smaller and produces less meat. Nevertheless, wild boar meat is leaner and healthier than

3516:. In the 1970s they again occurred in Denmark and Sweden, where captive animals escaped and now survive in the wild. In England, wild boar populations re-established themselves in the 1990s, after escaping from specialist farms that had imported European stock. 2468:

and Ussuriland can be black. Some subspecies sport a light-coloured patch running backward from the corners of the mouth. Coat colour also varies with age, with piglets having light brown or rusty-brown fur with pale bands extending from the flanks and back.

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and Białowieża Forest were let loose. In recent years, wild pig populations have been reported in 44 states within the US, most of which are likely wild boar–feral hog hybrids. Pure wild boar populations may still be present, but are extremely localized.

3636:, Wales. Iolo Williams, the BBC Wales wildlife expert, attempted to film Welsh boar in late 2012. Many other sightings, across the UK, have also been reported. The effects of wild boar on the U.K.'s woodlands were discussed with Ralph Harmer of the 9770:

O’Bryan, Christopher J.; Patton, Nicholas R.; Hone, Jim; Lewis, Jesse S.; Berdejo-Espinola, Violeta; Risch, Derek R.; Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2021). "Unrecognized threat to global soil carbon by a widespread invasive species".

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destroying agricultural crops, eating tree seeds and seedlings, destroying native vegetation and wetlands through wallowing, damaging water quality, coming into violent conflict with humans and pets and carrying pig and human diseases including

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is fully formed by 1–2 years. With the exception of the canines in males, the teeth stop growing during the middle of the fourth year. The canines in old males continue to grow throughout their lives, curving strongly as they age. Sows attain

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season from November to January, in agricultural areas bordering forests or on paths leading through forests. The animal typically attacks by charging and pointing its tusks towards the intended victim, with most injuries occurring on the

3484:, the last boar was shot at the beginning of the 19th century, and by 1900 they were absent in Tunisia and Sudan and large areas of Germany, Austria and Italy. In Russia, they were extirpated in wide areas by the 1930s. The last boar in 3233:), though adult individuals are generally avoided, as they are above the leopard's preferred weight range of 10–40 kg (22–88 lb). This dependence on wild boar is largely due in part to the local leopard subspecies' large size. 2422:

Adult size and weight is largely determined by environmental factors; boars living in arid areas with little productivity tend to attain smaller sizes than their counterparts inhabiting areas with abundant food and water. In most of

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period, primarily through the use of dogs and beats. In Nepal, farmers and poachers eliminate boars by baiting balls of wheat flour containing explosives with kerosene oil, with the animals' chewing motions triggering the devices.

2689:. In order to survive in a given area, wild boars require a habitat fulfilling three conditions: heavily brushed areas providing shelter from predators, water for drinking and bathing purposes and an absence of regular snowfall. 4851:

for example, 34–47% of the local boar population will enter fields in years of moderate availability of natural foods. While the role of boars in damaging crops is often exaggerated, cases are known of boar depredations causing

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male fiercely fights potential rivals. A single male can mate with 5–10 sows. By the end of the rut, males are often badly mauled and have lost 20% of their body weight, with bite-induced injuries to the penis being common. The

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LINNÉ, C., GMELIN, J. F. Caroli a Linné ... Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis Tomus 1. Lipsiae impensis G. E. Beer. 1788. p.

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Sillitoe, P (2007) Pigs in the New Guinea Highlands: An ethnographic example. In: Albarella A, Dobney K, Ervynck A, et al. (eds) Pigs and Humans: 10,000 Years of Interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 330–356, p.

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tribe, the wild boar was associated with the watery underworld, as it was thought that the spirits of the dead entered the animal's head, to be ultimately transported to the water. Prior to the conversion to Islam, the

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In Scotland, wild boar are professionally referred to as 'feral pigs' as the genetics of the established feral populations may come from a mix of both wild boar and domestic pigs. They are now known to be present in

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of food per day, though this required amount increases during winter and pregnancy, with the majority of its diet consisting of food items dug from the ground, like underground plant material and burrowing animals.

2312:. Those animals must have been introduced from the mainland, which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then. There was also a separate domestication in China, which took place about 8,000 years ago. 437: 8304: 4931:

meat products – has beneficial effects on the environment even though the effect would diminish if boars are introduced for meat production and consistently retaining small populations of boars may be preferable.

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both sexes can be up to 35% heavier than their forest-dwelling counterparts. As of 2010, at least 44 cities in 15 countries have experienced problems of some kind relating to the presence of habituated wild boar.

3782:, Graham County. Most of the specimens remained in the preserve for the next decade, until a large-scale hunt caused the remaining animals to break through their confines and escape. Some of the boars migrated to 9908: 6935:

Drabeck, D.H.; Dean, A.M.; Jansa, S.A. (1 June 2015). "Why the honey badger don't care: Convergent evolution of venom-targeted nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammals that survive venomous snake bites".

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period in most areas lasts from November to January, though most mating only lasts a month and a half. Prior to mating, the males develop their subcutaneous armour in preparation for confronting rivals. The

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A revival of boar populations began in the middle of the 20th century. By 1950, wild boar had once again reached their original northern boundary in many parts of their Asiatic range. By 1960, they reached

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Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica : sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico, et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum

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being said to embody the boar-like traits of determination and impetuosity. Among Japanese hunters, the boar's courage and defiance is a source of admiration and it is not uncommon for hunters and

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forests and undergrowths being of secondary importance. Forests made up entirely of oak groves and beeches are used only during the fruit-bearing season. This is in contrast to the Caucasian and

2431:, males may reach average weights as low as 50 kg (110 lb) and females 45 kg (99 lb), with shoulder heights of 63–65 cm (25–26 in). In the more productive areas of 7174:

Tierney, Trisha A.; Cushman, J. Hall (12 May 2006). "Temporal Changes in Native and Exotic Vegetation and Soil Characteristics following Disturbances by Feral Pigs in a California Grassland".

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A small, short-faced and sparsely furred subspecies with a white band on the muzzle; it might be a separate species and shows some similarities with some other suid species in Southeast Asia.

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involved the character being the son of a boar god. Nevertheless, the importance of the boar as a culinary item among Celtic tribes may have been exaggerated in popular culture by the

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region. Once the initial attack is over, the boar steps back, takes position and attacks again if the victim is still moving, only ending once the victim is completely incapacitated.

6202:. Technical bulletin (Australian National University. Dept. of Prehistory). Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. p. 66. 4263:, representing gallant losers who have finally met their match, as opposed to victorious hunters as lions are. The theme of the doomed, yet valorous boar warrior also occurred in 8250: 2140:

The largest subspecies, it has usually dark hair and a white band extending from the corners of the mouth to the ears. The lacrimal bones are shortened, but longer than those of

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length. The species lives in matriarchal societies consisting of interrelated females and their young (both male and female). Fully grown males are usually solitary outside the

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A light coloured subspecies with black legs which, though varied in size, is generally quite large, the lacrimal bones and facial region of the skull are shorter than those of

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Basin, being managed in the wild in a way similar to the way they are managed by some modern New Guineans. Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400 BCE in

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series, as wild boar bones are rare among Celtic archaeological sites and the few that do occur show no signs of butchery, having probably been used in sacrificial rituals.

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people, many of which saw the animal as embodying warrior virtues. Cultures throughout Europe and Asia Minor saw the killing of a boar as proof of one's valor and strength.

1057:, it is characterised by its sparse body hair, lack of underwool, fairly long mane, a broad reddish band extending from the muzzle to the sides of the neck. It is the most 9364: 8429: 3552: 3427:

reports of wild boar. The southern boundaries in Europe and Asia were almost invariably identical to the seashores of these continents. It is absent in the dry regions of

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at the base of the blade. More than their Greek predecessors, the Romans extensively took inspiration from boar hunting in their art and sculpture. With the ascension of

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devotes a whole chapter to the cooking of boar meat, providing 10 recipes involving roasting, boiling and what sauces to use. The Romans usually served boar meat with

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The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with Its Organization: Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia, as arranged ... by Cuvier and other naturalists 1827

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during prehistory because no prehistoric wild boar bones had been found within the borders of the country. It was not until 2013, when a wild boar bone was found in

6074:. Vol. I. Sistens quadrupedia huc usque nota, eorumque varietates : ad ductum naturae, quantum fieri potuit disposita. Roterodami: C.R. Hake. p. 157. 3181:) is the main predator of wild boar throughout most of its range. A single wolf can kill around 50 to 80 boars of differing ages in one year. In Italy and Belarus' 639:

is sometimes used specifically to refer to males, and may also be used to refer to male domesticated pigs, especially breeding males that have not been castrated.

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Wild boar can thrive in captivity, though piglets grow slowly and poorly without their mothers. Products derived from wild boar include meat, hide and bristles.

4227:, the boar represented spiritual authority. Several Greek myths use the boar as a symbol of darkness, death and winter. One example is the story of the youthful 884:, and subsequently spread onto mainland Eurasia and North Africa. The earliest fossil finds of the species come from both Europe and Asia, and date back to the 4881:

Actual attacks on humans are rare, but can be serious, resulting in penetrating injuries to the lower part of the body. They generally occur during the boars'

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region, it has dark brown, almost black hair and a light grey patch extending from the cheeks to the ears. The skull is squarish and the lacrimal bones short.

9077: 3480:, that the species was found to have lived in Finland more than 8,000 years ago. It is believed, however, that man prevented its establishment by hunting. In 2601:

Piglet standing in grass. All wild boar piglets are dark brown with pale longitudinal stripes. After three to four months, these stripes disappear completely.

2106: 630: 7038: 4003:, which are consumed by boars through earthworms and cause death by parasitising the lungs. Wild boar also carry parasites known to infect humans, including 9975: 8277: 8133: 7765: 8327: 3993:

Wild boars are known to host at least 20 different parasitic worm species, with maximum infections occurring in summer. Young animals are vulnerable to

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for human handouts. There is also at least one recorded case of a group of wild boar attacking, killing, and eating an adult, healthy female axis deer (

6803: 4317:, where it was believed to offer protection to the wearer and has been theorised to have been used in spiritual transformations into swine, similar to 3556: 3912:, the creation of wild boar and hybrids started on a large scale in the mid-1990s. With the invasion of wild boar that crossed the border and entered 10371: 7898: 8205: 2960:

necessary for the buildup of fat reserves needed to survive lean periods. In Western Europe, underground plant material favoured by boars includes

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in a nest constructed from twigs, grasses and leaves. Should the mother die prematurely, the piglets are adopted by the other sows in the sounder.

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During the mid-20th century, 7,000–8,000 boars were caught in the Caucasus, 6,000–7,000 in Kazakhstan and about 5,000 in Central Asia during the

1867: 9230: 7311: 6034: 5695: 4744: 4729: 3798:. These hybrid boar were later used as breeding stock on various private and public lands throughout the state, as well as in other states like 10714: 7877: 6270:(2008). "Current views on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Sus". In Albarella, U.; Dobney, K.; Ervynck, A.; Rowley-Conwy, P. (eds.). 5999: 4864:

Although large boar populations can play an important role in limiting forest growth, they are also useful in keeping pest populations such as

8657: 5970: 5935: 15775: 15649: 15597: 5721: 3574:

Another DEFRA report, in February 2008, confirmed the existence of these two sites as 'established breeding areas' and identified a third in

7830: 15765: 9255:

Mayer, John; Edwards, Thomas; Garabedian, James; Kilgo, John (2021). "Sanitary waste landfill effects on an invasive wild pig population".

7856: 4669:

reduced boar numbers, boar hunting became the sole prerogative of the nobility, one of many charges brought up against the rich during the

10091: 8759: 8152: 3841:, Texas, in 1939. These specimens escaped and established themselves in surrounding ranchlands and coastal areas, with some crossing the 2995:

in Java differ from most other populations by their primarily frugivorous diet, which consists of 50 different fruit species, especially

1808: 1039:. These subspecies are characterised by a whitish streak extending from the corners of the mouth to the lower jaw. With the exception of 9049: 8854: 8362: 10025: 8680: 8242: 3864:

in the 1940s, only to escape during a storm and hybridize with local feral pig populations, later spreading into neighboring counties.

2443:, the largest males weigh 200 kg (440 lb) and females 120 kg (260 lb). In Northeastern Asia, large males can reach 7126: 5662: 4547:, Scottish and Welsh heraldry displays the boar's head with the neck cropped, unlike the English version, which retains the neck. The 2447:-like sizes, weighing 270 kg (600 lb) and measuring 110–118 cm (43–46 in) in shoulder height. Some adult males in 7277: 3681:

believed that the boars were becoming an increasingly worse problem, and farmers noted that they had killed and eaten several lambs.

3267:, a tiger can kill 30–34 boars a year. Studies of tigers in India indicate that boars are usually secondary in preference to various 9403: 7219:"Twelve years of repeated wild hog activity promotes population maintenance of an invasive clonal plant in a coastal dune ecosystem" 1757: 15519: 9098:

Walker, Brett L. (2010). "Commercial Growth and Environmental Change in Early Modern Japan: Hachinohe's Wild Boar Famine of 1749".

7576: 6657: 6585: 6368: 4762: 3733:

While domestic pigs, both captive and feral (popularly termed "razorbacks"), have been in North America since the earliest days of

9431: 9307: 3786:, where they intermixed with both free-ranging and feral pigs in the area. In 1924, a dozen Hooper Bald wild pigs were shipped to 15571: 10728: 6222:

LYDEKKER, R. Catalogue of the Ungulate Mammals in the British Museum vol. 4. London: Trustees of the British Museum. 1915. p. 330

4347:

featured boars on their helmets and may have also worn boar masks. The boar and pig were held in particularly high esteem by the

8421: 2768:, while in spring they migrate to open deserts; boar have also colonized deserts in several areas they have been introduced to. 10931: 7152: 5537:

Ecology of Ungulates: A Handbook of Species in North, Central, and South America, Eastern Europe and Northern and Central Asia

15615: 10002: 9873: 9835: 8864: 8753: 7439:

Sharbafi, Elmira; Farhadinia, Mohammad S.; Rezaie, Hamid R.; Braczkowski, Alex Richard (2016). "Prey of the Persian Leopard (

7110: 6279: 6207: 6109: 5879: 5763: 5632: 5175: 3734: 3559:) study on wild boar living wild in Britain confirmed the presence of two populations of wild boar living in Britain; one in 15576: 8038: 7986:"Preliminary assessment completed in 2015 of the feasibility of maintaining, limiting or eradicating feral pigs in Scotland" 7610: 6432: 15805: 9854: 9638:

Gray, Steven M.; Roloff, Gary J.; Kramer, Daniel B.; Etter, Dwayne R.; Vercauteren, Kurt C.; Montgomery, Robert A. (2020).

7813: 7661: 5602: 5540: 5413: 5375: 3193:) may also prey on boars, to the point of keeping their numbers down in northwestern Bhutan, despite there being many more 2701: 1876:

There are significant variations within this subspecies and it is possible there are actually several subspecies involved.

8384: 6605:

Larson, G; Albarella, U; Dobney, K; Rowley-Conwy, P; Schibler, J; Tresset, A; Vigne, JD; Edwards, CJ; et al. (2007).

4723:(4,700 sq in) and can yield 350–1,000 grams (12–35 oz) of bristle and 400 grams (14 oz) of underwool. 1061:

of the four groups, having the smallest relative brain size, more primitive dentition and unspecialised cranial structure.

10578: 6133:"The pigs of Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific : new evidence for taxonomic status and human-mediated dispersal" 3620:. These are considered as an additional single 'new breeding population' and currently estimated to be up to 100 animals. 3612:

Since winter 2005–2006 significant escapes/releases have also resulted in animals colonizing areas around the fringes of

3182: 1354: 859: 7950: 2597: 15800: 8490: 8451: 7562:"Food habits of Amur tigers in the Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik and the Russian Far East, and implications for conservation" 3916:

around 1989, and the escape and intentional release by several Brazilian breeders in the late 1990s – in response to a

3768: 2637: 15716: 8642: 8096: 4893:

Boar attacks on humans have been documented throughout history. The Romans and Ancient Greeks wrote of these attacks (

4831:

in situations where their natural habitat is sparse. Populations living on the outskirts of towns or farms can dig up

3778:

in 1912, when 13 boars of undetermined European origin were released into two fenced enclosures in a game preserve in

1001:. These subspecies have sparse or absent underwool, with long manes and prominent bands on the snout and mouth. While 9944: 9062: 9033: 9001: 8966: 8915: 8895: 8837: 8722: 8609: 7736: 7692: 7640: 7604: 6416: 6240: 5841: 5818: 5783: 5582: 5548: 5356: 5320: 4637:, boar hunting took on Christian allegorical themes, with the animal being portrayed as a "black beast" analogous to 4267:

culture, where it was traditional to sacrifice a boar alongside a dog and a prisoner of war after a military defeat.

15498: 5857: 5153: 4605:

Humans have been hunting boar for millennia, the earliest artistic depictions of such activities dating back to the

15724: 15532: 9074: 6163: 4649: 3933: 2523: 8177: 7034: 6564: 5998:. Vol. Das Pferd. Der Elephant. Das Nashorn. Das Flusspferd. Der Tapir. Das Schwein. p. 426, plate 322. 15654: 15511: 10797: 8130: 7769: 3535:

By the 11th century, wild boars were apparently already becoming rare in Britain. A 1087 forestry law enacted by

231: 9158: 7924: 4461:, the boar is widely seen as a fearsome and reckless animal, to the point that several words and expressions in 2610:

period lasts 2.5–3.5 months, the piglets begin displaying adult feeding behaviours at the age of 2–3 weeks. The

10843: 10152: 9968: 9930: 7516: 7275:

A wild boar hunting: predation on a bonnet macaque by a wild boar in the Bandipur National Park, southern India

4073:

being recorded in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Belarus, the Caucasus, the Far East, Kazakhstan and other regions.

3753: 3367:, sometimes swimming between islands. The reconstructed northern boundary of the animal's Asian range ran from 2736:

mountain areas, where boars will occupy such fruit-bearing forests year-round. In the mountainous areas of the

9588:"Determinants of invasive species policy: Print media and agriculture determine U.S. invasive wild pig policy" 15795: 15742: 15636: 11283: 3606:

The largest population, in Kent/East Sussex, was then estimated at 200 animals in the core distribution area.

2642: 9206:) habituation to urban areas in the Collserola Natural Park (Barcelona) and comparison with other locations" 6795: 12072: 10818: 9448:

Johann, Franz; Handschuh, Markus; Linderoth, Peter; Dormann, Carsten F.; Arnold, Janosch (9 January 2020).

8246: 8000: 7894: 4882: 3826: 3493: 3275:, though when boars are targeted, healthy adults are caught more frequently than young and sick specimens. 646: 8943: 4077:

can also take on epidemic proportions in boar populations. The species occasionally, but rarely contracts

604:, the same terms are often used for both true wild boar and pigs, especially large or semi-wild ones. The 15610: 15441: 15418: 8745: 6089:. Vol. 3. Säugethiere. Dresden, Leipzig: Expedition der vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. 37. 5754:

Ruvinsky, A. et al. (2011). "Systematics and evolution of the pig". In: Ruvinsky A, Rothschild MF (eds),

5574: 5324: 5207:. In Cuvier, G.; Griffith, E.; Smith, C.H.; Pidgeon, E.; Gray, J.E.; Latreille, P.A.; Gray, G.R. (eds.). 4638: 15446: 10083: 7348:

Thinley, P; Kamler, JF; Wang, SW; Lham, K; Stenkewitz, U; et al. (2011). "Seasonal diet of dholes (

5306: 4489:

and it was once believed that a man could become wealthy by keeping a clump of boar hair in his wallet.

3460:

during the 13th century. In the warm period after the ice age, wild boar lived in the southern parts of

15785: 11352: 10924: 10047:

Jokelainen, P.; Näreaho, A.; Hälli, O.; Heinonen, M.; Sukura, A. (2012). "Farmed wild boars exposed to

9693:

Beasley, James C.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.; Mayer, John J.; Smith, Mark D.; Vercauteren, Kurt C. (2018).

8928: 7520: 6347: 6067: 5904: 5200: 3889: 3795: 2697: 1415: 24: 15729: 10038: 9740: 8062: 7792: 7479: 7380: 6296: 3884: 3850: 1774:, largely due to the two being kept together in meat farms and artificial introductions by hunters of 15780: 15664: 14329: 11274: 11265: 10804: 9201: 7299: 6022: 5685: 4289: 3791: 3764: 3099: 2992: 2756:, boars are restricted to river valleys with nut pine and shrubs. Boars are regularly encountered in 2331:), also known as the Indochinese warty pig or Vietnam warty pig, was an alleged pig species found in 1513:

and its ears smaller and more pointed. The plane of the forehead is straight, while it is concave in

1112:

A medium-sized, dark to rusty brown-haired subspecies with long and relatively narrow lacrimal bones

834: 10032: 8180:"Current distribution of invasive feral pigs in Brazil: economic impacts and ecological uncertainty" 8178:

Felipe Pedrosaa, Rafael Salernob, Fabio Vinicius Borges Padilhac and Mauro Galetti (13 March 2015).

7490:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 174–185. 7391:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 248–252. 5993: 493:. The species is now one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widespread 15790: 14116: 10602: 10304: 8665: 5958: 5927: 5096: 3000: 908:

throughout the Eurasian mainland, restricting it to insular Asia. Its closest wild relative is the

505:

due to its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability to a diversity of habitats. It has become an

59: 15628: 5717: 3524: 14765: 14158: 12054: 11195: 10864: 10721: 7852: 7826: 6743:

Robins, Judith H.; Ross, Howard A.; Allen, Melinda S.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (12 April 2006).

6433:

Hallan Çemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey)

6389:. "Commercial Farming of Collared Peccary: A Large-scale Commercial Farming of Collared Peccary ( 5853: 5149: 4670: 4508:

mythology, the forefathers of the Buryats descended from heaven and were nourished by a boar. In

4174: 3062:

and near some lakes and rivers of Kazakhstan have been recorded to feed extensively on fish like

2981: 2415: 625: 346: 315: 15703: 14278: 11714: 6106:

Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wiss. Mathematisch-naturwissenschafltichen Klasse

4126:, Spain. This is a modern interpretation of one of the earliest known depictions of the species. 3763:

In 1902, 15–20 wild boar from Germany were released into a 3,200-hectare (7,900-acre) estate in

2202: 248:

Reconstructed native range of wild boar (green) and introduced populations (blue) except in the

116: 15563: 15358: 11816: 11522: 11441: 10869: 10741: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10573: 9890: 5932:

Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London

4848: 4556: 4084: 4074: 3163: 3091: 2721: 2507:

is very well developed to the point that the animal is used for drug detection in Germany. Its

8739: 8156: 1424:

A large-sized subspecies with long lacrimal bones and dark hair, though lighter-coloured than

645:, the traditional name for a female, again comes from Old English and Germanic; it stems from 15698: 14966: 13996: 12221: 11450: 11334: 10917: 10651: 10608: 10264: 9694: 9639: 9520:"Behavioral state resource selection in invasive wild pigs in the Southeastern United States" 9046: 8870: 8354: 4634: 4310: 4309:, with its image having been frequently engraved on shields and swords. They also feature on 4066: 3940:, which, on the other hand, seeks to encourage the preservation of similar species of native 3838: 3663: 3536: 2472:

The wild boar produces a number of different sounds which are divided into three categories:

2410: 1857: 1089: 1058: 211: 68: 20: 15690: 9518:

Clontz, Lindsay M.; Pepin, Kim M.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Beasley, James C. (25 March 2021).

8692: 7122: 924: 15810: 15711: 15589: 15467: 15405: 15396: 15273: 15039: 15030: 14975: 14600: 14564: 14537: 13945: 13936: 13381: 13372: 11738: 11597: 11540: 11486: 10848: 10671: 9706: 9651: 9599: 9531: 9461: 9264: 7230: 7183: 6707: 6621: 6465: 5869: 5654: 5165: 4699: 4329:

and has also been suggested to have been a totemic animal to the Swedes, especially to the

4159: 4011: 3947: 3854: 3803: 3540: 3384: 3095: 2999:, thus making them important seed dispersers. The wild boar can consume numerous genera of 2810: 662: 545: 335: 7274: 6454:"Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago" 4465:

referring to recklessness include references to boars. The boar is the last animal of the

4270: 3924:

species formed a growing population, which progressively advances in Brazilian territory.

3654:

to propose a thorough population study, followed by the introduction of permit-controlled

2561: 1821:. The fur is dull olive-fawn, the underwool is sparse and individuals mostly lack a mane. 936:

As of 2005, 16 subspecies are recognised, which are divided into four regional groupings:

8: 15770: 15219: 14921: 14912: 14660: 14528: 14501: 14437: 14098: 13978: 13927: 11606: 11513: 11104: 10550: 10460: 10376: 10104: 5493:

Kurtén, Björn (1968). Pleistocene mammals of Europe. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 153–155

4314: 4200: 4155: 3986: 3822: 3637: 3404: 3124: 2961: 2653:

Wild boars frequently wallow in mud, possibly to regulate temperature or remove parasites

2485:: Warning cries emitted in response to threats. When frightened, boars make loud huffing 2392: 2297: 2215: 1097: 909: 577: 528:

are recognized, which are divided into four regional groupings based on skull height and

81: 9710: 9655: 9603: 9535: 9465: 9268: 7234: 7187: 6711: 6625: 6606: 6582: 6516:"The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression" 6469: 15306: 15297: 14669: 14609: 14591: 14573: 14519: 14492: 14483: 14107: 14089: 14023: 13716: 13442: 12919: 12910: 12629: 12063: 11531: 11343: 11325: 11204: 10879: 10746: 10686: 10679: 10244: 10145: 9976:

Annotated Bibliography of the Wild Pig (Sus scrofa): Environmental Information Document

9804: 9675: 9617: 9560: 9519: 9492: 9449: 9395: 9288: 9170: 9123: 9115: 8810: 8586: 8544: 8513: 7542: 7460: 7251: 7218: 7199: 7011: 6984: 6776: 6725: 6644: 6540: 6515: 6488: 6453: 6155: 5468: 5439: 4847:. However, they generally only encroach upon farms when natural food is scarce. In the 4560: 4244: 3932:

As a form of control for the wild boar population, hunting and killing are allowed for

3842: 3698: 3677: 3667: 2293: 2011: 1592: 1344: 709:

In hunting terminology, boars are given different designations according to their age:

277: 257: 111: 10098: 9428: 4999:

It is from the male boar's solitary habits that the species gets its name in numerous

2272: 876:

studies indicate that the wild boar originated from islands in Southeast Asia such as

15685: 15454: 14939: 14930: 14618: 14546: 14474: 14305: 14287: 14140: 13090: 12485: 12476: 12328: 12230: 12009: 11976: 11919: 11789: 11316: 11177: 10811: 10533: 10410: 10321: 10072: 10008: 9998: 9964: 9940: 9926: 9869: 9850: 9831: 9808: 9796: 9788: 9722: 9679: 9667: 9621: 9565: 9547: 9497: 9479: 9387: 9330: 9292: 9280: 9162: 9058: 9029: 8997: 8994:

Mammals of Nepal: (with reference to those of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Pakistan)

8962: 8911: 8891: 8860: 8833: 8814: 8749: 8718: 8634: 8605: 8549: 8325: 8220: 8199: 7732: 7688: 7636: 7600: 7534: 7256: 7106: 7016: 6953: 6826: 6768: 6649: 6545: 6493: 6412: 6275: 6236: 6203: 5885: 5875: 5837: 5814: 5779: 5759: 5578: 5544: 5473: 5352: 5181: 5171: 5073: 4980: 4857: 4712: 4674: 4618: 4606: 4528: 4520: 4462: 4322: 4116: 4056: 4029: 3913: 3548: 3256: 2953: 2725: 2542: 2460:

stand erect when the animal is agitated. Colour is highly variable; specimens around

2387: 2289: 1715: 885: 514: 10125: 9174: 9127: 7546: 7464: 7203: 7148: 6159: 4427: 4259:

killed a boar. Boars were frequently depicted on Greek funerary monuments alongside

4223:

by the scars inflicted on him by a boar during a hunt in his youth. To the mythical

3263:), with the two species collectively comprising roughly 80% of the felid's prey. In 15459: 15410: 15333: 15087: 15078: 14957: 14798: 14789: 14582: 14254: 14245: 14193: 14184: 14032: 14005: 13918: 13698: 13306: 12732: 12723: 12713: 12686: 12407: 12276: 11477: 11468: 11459: 11241: 11232: 11168: 11095: 11086: 10665: 10064: 9780: 9714: 9659: 9607: 9555: 9539: 9487: 9469: 9399: 9379: 9322: 9272: 9220: 9154: 9107: 8539: 8529: 8483:"Feral pigs are ruining ecosystems across 35 states and hunting is making it worse" 7524: 7452: 7419: 7361: 7300:"Predation on chital Axis axis by wild pig Sus scrofa in Bandhavgarh National Park" 7246: 7238: 7191: 7006: 6996: 6945: 6780: 6758: 6749: 6729: 6715: 6639: 6629: 6535: 6527: 6483: 6473: 6378: 6147: 5463: 5455: 5316: 5091: 5023: 5000: 4784: 4544: 4524: 4493: 4458: 4439: 4393: 4306: 4275: 4236: 4204: 4181: 4162: 4123: 4023: 3955: 3871:

were released into the United States. A decade later, more specimens from farms in

3846: 3709: 2984: 2737: 2586: 2403: 2285: 797: 605: 569: 565: 506: 407: 15423: 9906:"Review of the Natural History of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) on the island of Ireland" 8888:

Waiting for Wolves in Japan: An Anthropological Study of People-wildlife Relations

7456: 6949: 6531: 6101: 5624: 2519:

and being unable to recognise a standing human 10–15 metres (33–49 ft) away.

1770:, with a higher and wider skull; since the 1950s, it has crossed extensively with 15672: 15537: 15063: 15054: 15002: 14993: 14774: 13631: 13622: 13099: 12695: 11747: 11657: 11495: 11307: 11186: 11159: 11150: 10773: 10759: 10753: 10560: 10435: 10294: 10289: 10068: 9912: 9435: 9081: 9053: 8137: 8026: 7714: 7594: 7365: 7281: 6589: 6439: 6375: 5014: 4865: 4536: 4496: 4474: 4401: 4381: 4377: 4240: 4212: 4189: 4005: 3868: 3861: 3830: 3575: 3440: 3400: 3279: 2788: 2772: 2641:

An individual from higher ridges of Himalayas at 2,900 m (9,600 ft) in

2616: 2611: 2428: 2227: 1154: 1130: 904: 670: 533: 265: 15641: 15602: 7657: 7443:) in a mixed forest-steppe landscape in northeastern Iran (Mammalia: Felidae)". 5598: 5405: 4823:

An adult sow and young that have broken open a litter bag in Berlin seeking food

4185: 15506: 15493: 15263: 15201: 14831: 14822: 14347: 14296: 14217: 14208: 14149: 13987: 13689: 13511: 13502: 13057: 13024: 13006: 12494: 12304: 12179: 12018: 11006: 10978: 10568: 9543: 9383: 9326: 9143:"Efficacy of Hunting, Feeding, and Fencing to Reduce Crop Damage by Wild Boars" 8221:"Ecology and management of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in South America" 7946: 7687:. Helsingin yliopisto, Maatalous- ja Metsäeläintieteen Laitos. pp. 37–38. 7507: 6614:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6514:

Giuffra, E; Kijas, JM; Amarger, V; Carlborg, O; Jeon, JT; Andersson, L (2000).

6458:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

5004: 4962: 4948: 4610: 4582: 4552: 4532: 4466: 4352: 4139: 4079: 3999: 3807: 3775: 3749: 3689: 3651: 3583: 3500:

with boars of Hungarian stock, but they were quickly exterminated by poachers.

3497: 3416: 3364: 3360: 3344: 3252: 3087: 2882: 2670: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2351:

was not a valid taxon. As of 2022 the Mammal Diversity Database included it in

2344: 2047: 1681: 1656: 1364: 889: 760: 650: 601: 510: 396: 357: 10909: 10115: 10110: 9474: 9450:"Adaptation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) activity in a human-dominated landscape" 9225: 8534: 8141:, Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken, South Carolina, SRNL-RP-2009-00869 7529: 7502: 7195: 6562: 4408:

and is credited with having raised the Earth from the primeval waters. In the

3900:, the European boar is believed to have been introduced for the first time in 3867:

Starting in the mid-1980s, several boars purchased from the San Diego Zoo and

3116: 2871:, which are consumed when ripened and are dug up from the snow when necessary. 692: 619: 392: 15759: 15584: 14888: 14870: 14756: 14693: 14684: 13743: 13478: 13451: 13222: 13132: 13123: 13108: 12973: 12937: 12892: 12829: 12820: 12337: 12295: 12188: 12154: 12144: 12045: 12027: 11690: 11639: 11549: 11113: 10898: 10693: 10589: 10492: 10366: 10356: 10138: 9792: 9726: 9671: 9551: 9483: 9166: 8638: 7538: 6607:"Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe" 6452:

Vigne, JD; Zazzo, A; Saliège, JF; Poplin, F; Guilaine, J; Simmons, A (2009).

5865: 5811:

Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos – 1993 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

5349:

Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos – 1993 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

5161: 5082: 4819: 4807: 4769: 4662: 4501: 4400:, who offered it as a sacrifice to the gods. In the story's retelling in the 4341: 4282: 4119: 4045: 4017: 3897: 3834: 3811: 3745: 3741: 3646: 3633: 3579: 3392: 3380: 3328: 3320: 3291: 3212: 3131: 2878: 2745: 2733: 2461: 2081: 1747: 1703: 1625: 1450: 597: 553: 529: 502: 498: 227: 101: 96: 8482: 7488:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)

7389:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)

6634: 6478: 5889: 5185: 2538:, and pigs all have modifications to the receptor pocket which prevents the 2371: 608: 540:

is the wild boar's main predator in most of its natural range except in the

15381: 15282: 15251: 15141: 14813: 14627: 14555: 14428: 14371: 14362: 14080: 14014: 13776: 13734: 13649: 13460: 13180: 13171: 13033: 12964: 12853: 12844: 12586: 12355: 12036: 11991: 11958: 11729: 11621: 11588: 11504: 10538: 10361: 10346: 10076: 10031: 9800: 9569: 9501: 9391: 9334: 8908:

Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities

8626: 8553: 8301:"Ameaça às lavouras, javalis são alvo de caça autorizada no interior de SP" 8088: 7260: 7020: 6957: 6772: 6653: 6549: 6497: 6267: 5477: 5305:

Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988).

4975: 4956: 4720: 4642: 4614: 4572: 4504:

believed that they were descended from boars and thus did not eat pork. In

4486: 4470: 4135: 3767:, New York. Several specimens escaped six years later, dispersing into the 3722: 3312: 3264: 3147: 2957: 2765: 2682: 2531: 2516: 2381: 1161: 929: 561: 486: 482: 296: 10120: 8326:

Bruna de Alencar, Vinicius Galera e Venilson Ferreira (10 February 2016).

7103:

Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence

6151: 2857:, all of which are dug up throughout the year in the animal's whole range. 2343:, until the discovery of a skull from a recently killed individual in the 15623: 15545: 15433: 15390: 14903: 14651: 13813: 13767: 13758: 13707: 13659: 13520: 13362: 12955: 12946: 12774: 12568: 12559: 12549: 12443: 12286: 12096: 12087: 12000: 11843: 11765: 11648: 11573: 11564: 10941: 10780: 10766: 10707: 10658: 10644: 10615: 10497: 10477: 10395: 10384: 10351: 10258: 10216: 10191: 9849:(in Italian). Il Piviere (collana Fauna selvatica. Biologia e gestione). 5440:"Genetic Resources, Genome Mapping and Evolutionary Genomics of the Pig ( 4828: 4658: 4593: 4513: 4363:. It has been suggested that some early myths surrounding the Welsh hero 4248: 4039: 3920:

decision against the import and breeding of wild boar in 1998 – numerous

3815: 3779: 3718: 3714: 3587: 3564: 3509: 3448: 3408: 3396: 3368: 3332: 3059: 3055: 2912: 2860: 2753: 2749: 2681:

and up to 3,600–4,000 m (11,800–13,100 ft) in the mountains in

2674: 2539: 2522:

Pigs are one of four known mammalian taxa which possess mutations in the

2077: 2015: 1995: 1635: 1478: 1454: 898: 881: 863: 854: 675: 614: 253: 188: 168: 46: 9987:

Il cinghiale cacciatore: Antropologia simbolica della caccia in Sardegna

7424: 7403: 6763: 6744: 6132: 4112: 3888:

Distribution of wild boar and "javaporco" in Brazil as of 2022. In red:

3609:

The smallest, in west Dorset, was estimated to be fewer than 50 animals.

2464:

are very lightly coloured, and can even be white, while some boars from

739: 655: 15677: 15524: 14510: 14410: 14235: 13827: 13249: 13231: 12982: 12677: 12662: 12653: 12620: 12397: 12203: 12120: 12111: 11886: 11877: 11756: 11681: 11222: 11043: 10832: 10825: 10791: 10786: 10583: 10482: 10455: 10445: 10415: 10390: 10279: 9718: 9663: 9276: 9119: 8805:

Kovářová, L. (2011). "The Swine in Old Nordic Religion and Worldview".

7001: 6563:

Jean-Denis Vigne; Anne Tresset & Jean-Pierre Digard (3 July 2012).

5459: 4840: 4716: 4630: 4559:, who distributed it among his northern retainers during his tenure as 4548: 4435: 4318: 4224: 4146: 4096: 3787: 3544: 3412: 3248: 3204: 3155: 3139: 3043: 2761: 2686: 2649: 2619:

at the age of one year, with males attaining it a year later. However,

2554: 2444: 2192: 2156: 2152: 1999: 1488: 1458: 932:(right) skulls: Note the greatly shortened facial region of the latter. 525: 240: 9784: 9695:"Research priorities for managing invasive wild pigs in North America" 9612: 9587: 9284: 7816:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 19 February 2008 7242: 6694:

Groves, C.P; Schaller, G.B.; Amato, G.; Khounboline, K. (March 1997).

6023:"The Mammalia and other Remains from Drift Deposits in the Bath Basin" 4151: 3849:. Descendants of the Powder Horn Ranch boars were later released onto 3547:, but this population was exterminated in the 17th century during the 3086:

and mice. There is at least one record of a boar killing and eating a

15550: 15480: 15210: 15131: 14855: 14846: 14320: 13894: 13885: 13870: 13861: 13725: 13297: 13081: 13015: 12901: 12416: 12212: 11901: 11825: 11705: 11256: 11141: 11131: 11025: 11016: 10838: 10700: 10621: 10597: 10545: 10520: 10465: 10450: 10440: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10326: 10299: 10284: 7920: 6720: 6695: 6386: 4703: 4613:, as well as a sporting challenge and source of epic narratives. The 4405: 4385: 4351:, who considered them to be their most important sacred animal. Some 4220: 4178: 4088: 4070: 3901: 3783: 3774:

The most extensive boar introduction in the US took place in western

3694: 3671: 3629: 3513: 3505: 3444: 3436: 3343:. Within this range, it was only absent in extremely dry deserts and 3104: 3071: 3051: 3035: 2977: 2965: 2892: 2757: 2729: 2607: 2581: 2504: 2452: 2301: 2003: 1824: 1540: 877: 660: 585: 573: 518: 249: 128: 31: 15352: 15177: 9111: 4918: 4617:

inherited this tradition, with one of its first practitioners being

4239:

only during the spring and summer period. This theme also occurs in

4184:

depicted reliefs of ferocious wild boars on their temple pillars at

4063:, which it escapes by bathing frequently or hiding in dense shrubs. 3879: 2545:

from binding. These represent four separate, independent mutations.

1602: 15485: 15375: 15119: 14747: 14419: 14131: 13969: 13909: 13574: 13273: 12805: 12750: 12638: 12467: 11943: 11934: 11910: 11798: 11672: 11422: 11298: 10994: 10972: 10960: 10874: 10735: 10405: 10250: 10179: 8518:

in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in Estonia"

8063:"The Loch Ness Monster Has Company in the Neighborhood: Wild Boars" 7438: 4970: 4894: 4653: 4598: 4431: 4409: 4279: 4264: 4216: 4196: 4051: 3994: 3613: 3599: 3595: 3529: 3489: 3428: 3420: 3372: 3352: 3268: 3079: 3005: 2916: 2831: 2794:

Wild boar rest in shelters, which contain insulating material like

2784: 2678: 2591: 2535: 2527: 2512: 2007: 1832: 1652: 1614: 1536: 1532: 1498: 1446: 581: 556:

respectively. The wild boar has a long history of association with

541: 509:

in part of its introduced range. Wild boars probably originated in

148: 50: 10507: 9949:

Hatto, A. T. (1957) "Snake‐swords and Boar‐helms in Beowulf". In:

9438:. Wildlife Damage Management Conferences – Proceedings. Paper 151. 6827:"New taxonomic proposals for the Sus scrofa group in eastern Asia" 5874:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 637–722. 5351:. IUCN SSC Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group. pp. 112–121. 5170:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 637–722. 4301:

rescuing the earth, depicted as a goddess dangling from his tusks.

15737: 15324: 15159: 15020: 14879: 14269: 14056: 14047: 13960: 13846: 13837: 13809: 13565: 13469: 13433: 13348: 13344: 13315: 13240: 12928: 12801: 12762: 12346: 12263: 12169: 11432: 11382: 11077: 10487: 10400: 10274: 7123:"Alderney wild boar that swam from France shot over disease fear" 6604: 6027:

Proceeding of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club

5871:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

5686:"Wild boarlets born in Donegal believed to be first in 800 years" 5167:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

4736: 4690: 4666: 4577: 4540: 4505: 4413: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4337: 4330: 4294: 4255:

has the city being built over the site where Prince Androklos of

4252: 4208: 4193: 4092: 4060: 3941: 3905: 3799: 3757: 3752:

and released into a 9,500-hectare (23,000-acre) game preserve in

3702: 3655: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3432: 3336: 3316: 3272: 3226: 3218: 3200: 3083: 3011: 2940: 2932: 2900: 2886: 2864: 2842: 2704:, with the most favorable areas consisting of forest composed of 2658: 2508: 2465: 2340: 2336: 2219: 2034: 1884: 1880: 1828: 1789: 1691: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1382: 1378: 1374: 913: 848: 517:

and outcompeted other suid species as they spread throughout the

490: 478: 261: 10012: 9866:

La bestia nera: Caccia al cinghiale fra mito, storia e attualità

9640:"Effects of Wild Pig Disturbance on Forest Vegetation and Soils" 9075:"Nutritional Characteristics of Wild Boar Meat Hunted in Latvia" 6592:

4 September 2007. The report concerns an article in the journal

5995:

Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen

5304: 4150:

The head of a wild boar on the left side of the coat of arms of

3650:

radio programme in 2011. The programme prompted activist writer

3251:, wild boars are one of the two most important prey species for 2363: 617: 15472: 15168: 14737: 14642: 14465: 14455: 14071: 13583: 13423: 13405: 13396: 13282: 13204: 13156: 13147: 12605: 12596: 12531: 12522: 12512: 12434: 11967: 11780: 11630: 10966: 10954: 10209: 10203: 10185: 10173: 9447: 9199: 8034: 7939: 6394: 6200:

Ancestors for the Pigs: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Genus Sus

4898: 4853: 4832: 4681: 4586: 4421: 4417: 4397: 4392:

slaying an avaricious boar, who has stolen the treasure of the

4356: 4298: 4256: 4228: 3909: 3872: 3568: 3477: 3465: 3461: 3424: 3388: 3376: 3356: 3287: 3194: 3130:

Piglets are vulnerable to attack from medium-sized felids like

3029: 3023: 2973: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2874: 2819: 2795: 2780: 2717: 2693: 2666: 2620: 2424: 2418:

in 1578. Note the stripes, a characteristic feature of piglets.

2309: 2305: 2118: 2070: 1711: 1707: 902:, a large, possibly swamp-adapted suid ancestral to the modern 628: 474: 269: 178: 158: 138: 10046: 9200:

Cahill, S.; Llimona, F.; Cabañeros, L.; Calomardo, F. (2012).

8240: 8153:"As espécies invasoras representam um perigo á biodiversidade" 6693: 6130: 4902:

in non-hunting contexts and were committed by solitary males.

3981: 2980:

fields. Boar soil disturbance and foraging have been shown to

2791:. Due to concerns about disease, it was shot and incinerated. 2398: 15192: 15150: 14725: 14395: 14386: 13680: 13607: 13598: 13529: 13258: 13213: 13072: 12997: 12877: 12868: 12379: 12370: 11862: 11853: 11062: 11053: 10316: 10197: 9741:"The climate impact of wild pigs greater than a million cars" 9517: 8131:

Wild Pigs: Biology, Damage, Control Techniques and Management

7708:

Jääkauden jälkeläiset – Suomen nisäkkäiden varhainen historia

7633:

Atlas of terrestrial mammals of the Ionian and Aegean islands

7477: 7378: 4887: 4844: 4836: 4695: 4626: 4509: 4450: 4389: 4348: 4344: 4326: 4033:. Wild boar in southern regions are frequently infested with 3937: 3921: 3917: 3617: 3591: 3485: 3472:. It was previously thought that the species did not live in 3340: 3324: 3283: 3237: 3186: 3120: 3075: 3067: 3017: 2996: 2969: 2949: 2945: 2924: 2850: 2835: 2834:, whose diversity in choice of food is comparable to that of 2776: 2713: 2709: 2662: 2281: 2148: 1648: 1528: 1524: 1520: 873: 698: 557: 549: 494: 9937:

The Golden-Bristled Boar: Last Ferocious Beast of the Forest

8422:"Feral pigs harm wildlife and biodiversity as well as crops" 6742: 5343:

Oliver, W. L. R.; et al. (1993). "The Common Wild Pig (

3936:(CACs) duly registered by the environmental control agency, 3744:

in 1890. Thirteen wild boars from Germany were purchased by

2752:

are present, swampy mixed taiga and coastal oak forests. In

1103: 14338: 13668: 13556: 13538: 13195: 13048: 12452: 12319: 12135: 11409: 11370: 10341: 10336: 9997:(6th ed.), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 9254: 9159:

10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0939:EOHFAF]2.0.CO;2

8385:"FERAL SWINE: Impacts on Threatened and Endangered Species" 8243:"Projeto regulamenta a caça esportiva de animais no Brasil" 6513: 5211:. Vol. 3. Mammalia. G. B. Whittaker. pp. 287–288. 4708: 4260: 4232: 4034: 3860:

Wild boar of unknown origin were stocked in a ranch in the

3560: 3348: 3174: 3063: 3047: 2928: 2904: 2868: 2854: 2846: 2741: 2673:

zones, occurring up to 1,900 m (6,200 ft) in the

2332: 2223: 1462: 1043:, most are high-skulled. The underwool is thick, except in 537: 30:

For pigs descended from escaped, domesticated animals, see

13806: 9692: 8274:"Brasil autoriza caça de javali-europeu em seu território" 4482: 3771:, with their descendants surviving for at least 20 years. 3539:

punished through blinding the unlawful killing of a boar.

2724:, the animal's primary habitat consists of well-developed 14948: 13547: 13493: 12425: 11807: 10331: 10269: 10235: 10224: 10161: 9586:

Miller, Ryan S.; Opp, Susan M.; Webb, Colleen T. (2018).

8604:(in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. p. 145. 8089:"Eurasian Boar – NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation" 7814:

Government supports local communities to manage wild boar

7652: 7650: 7648: 7404:"Diet and habitat use of the endangered Persian leopard ( 5813:, 107–108. IUCN/SSC Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group, 5690: 4942: 3590:

area. A 'new breeding population' was also identified in

3492:, with wild populations having disappeared by 1894–1902. 3383:, where it reached 52°N. From there, the boundary passed 3331:. The northern limit of its range extended from southern 2939:

A 50 kg (110 lb) boar needs around 4,000–4,500

2799: 2728:

and mixed forests, along with marshy mixed forests, with

2705: 2315: 2300:

from wild boar as early as 13,000–12,700 BCE in the

10094:. Lists general information and resources for wild boar. 8629:[On the question of Mater Deum of the Aisčiai]. 8511: 7853:"Forest of Dean rangers battle to meet boar cull target" 7801:

The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai)

7484:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

7385:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

7217:

Oldfield, Callie A.; Evans, Jonathan P. (1 March 2016).

6431:

Rosenberg M, Nesbitt R, Redding RW, Peasnall BL (1998).

5834:

Domestication: The Decline of Environmental Appreciation

5308:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

4130: 3528:

Mixed sounder of wild boar and domestic pigs at Culzie,

12798: 10130: 10116:

Wild pigs with piglets – white piglets with black spots

8328:"Aberta a temporada de caça ao javali no Sul e Sudeste" 7751:

Tiedon jyvät – Villisika eli Suomessa jo kivikaudella.

6451: 2558:

males tend to be solitary outside the breeding season.

13341: 10126:

A wild boar struggling with plastic film, Lodz (Poland

9769: 8948:, London, Edinburgh, T.C. & E.C. Jack, pp. 198–199 7645: 6087:

Die vollständige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes

4173:

The wild boar features prominently in the cultures of

979:

are low-skulled), with thick underwool and (excepting

971:. These subspecies are typically high-skulled (though 9637: 8933:, New York, Cooper Square Publishing Inc. pp. 502–503 7790: 7347: 6341: 6084: 4321:. The boar features heavily in religious practice in 3411:. From here, the boundary went slightly north of the 2935:. Most of these prey items are taken in warm periods. 1644:

A small, almost maneless, yellowish-brown subspecies

7803:. Field Museum of Natural History. pp. 475–477. 7596:

The deer and the tiger: a study of wildlife in India

7298:

Behera, Satyaranian; Gupta, Rajendra Prasad (2007).

4938: 4715:

and having a much higher concentration of essential

4609:. The animal was seen as a source of food among the 3236:

Boars of all ages were once the primary prey of the

9868:(in Italian). Editoriale Olimpia (collana Caccia). 8150: 7951:"How the UK's zoophobic legacy turned on wild boar" 6305:

Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon

6274:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 15–29. 5071: 4566: 3347:zones. It was once found in North Africa along the 2838:. Their foods can be divided into four categories: 2347:, Laos, in 1995. Subsequent studies indicated that 1509:. Its head is larger and more pointed than that of 1371:, but smaller and with proportionally longer tusks 9989:, Armando Editore (collana Antropologia culturale) 9141:Geisser, Hannes; Reyer, Heinz-Ulrich (2004–2010). 8741:The Hero Journey in Literature: Parables of Poesis 8271: 8218: 8061: 7768:(in Finnish). Suomen Luonto 4/2013. Archived from 5991: 5902: 3908:around the 20th century for breeding purposes. In 2548: 2296:. Archaeological evidence suggests that pigs were 9953:, 38:1–6, 145–160. DOI: 10.1080/00138385708596994 9140: 8512:Jokelainen, P.; Velström, K.; Lassen, B. (2015). 8276:. planetasustentavel.abril.com.br. Archived from 7559: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5046:Thirteen has been observed in a captive specimen. 3880:Introduction and lack of control in South America 3508:and Moscow and by 1975, they were to be found in 3399:) the boundary turned steep south, encircled the 15757: 10090:, National Invasive Species Information Center, 8241:Murilo Souza and Cláudia Lemos (22 March 2021). 6934: 6294: 6131:Dobney, K.; Cucchi, T. & Larson, G. (2008). 6099: 3684: 3431:from 44 to 46°N southward, in China westward of 2952:are invariably its most important food items in 10939: 9992: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8702: 7945: 6102:"Über die Racen des zahmen oder Haussschweines" 4188:some 11,600 years ago. Virtually all heroes in 3439:. It is absent in the higher elevations of the 1611:A small, long-maned and light brown subspecies 10715:Butareba: The Story of a Man Turned into a Pig 9844: 8882: 8880: 8298: 7478:Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) . 7379:Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) . 7335: 7173: 7089: 7074: 7062: 6888: 6876: 6864: 6824: 6793: 6329: 5801:Groves, C. P. et al. 1993. The Eurasian Suids 5557: 5505: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5097:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41775A44141833.en 4231:, who is killed by a boar and is permitted by 4059:. The species also suffers from blood-sucking 3543:attempted to reintroduce the species into the 2553:Boars are typically social animals, living in 2292:stock), the wild boar is the ancestor of most 580:have become a serious pest wild animal in the 10925: 10146: 9585: 9299: 8920: 8624: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8182:. naturezaeconservacao.com.br. Archived from 8124: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8114: 7372: 7304:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 7216: 6696:"Rediscovery of the wild pig Sus bucculentus" 6262: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6248: 5956: 5828: 5826: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5758:. 2nd ed. CAB International, Oxon. pp. 1–13. 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5026: 3740:The first of these introductions occurred in 3594:. There is another significant population in 3070:. Boars in the former area will also feed on 2669:. In mountainous regions, it can even occupy 1817:The subspecies is significantly smaller than 1700:A small, pale and almost maneless subspecies 8976: 8974: 8712: 8699: 8204:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7923:. Britishwildboar.org.uk. 31 December 2010. 7726: 7682: 7599:. University of Chicago Press. p. 321. 6918: 6916: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6307:. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink. pp. 415–42. 6272:Pigs and Humans: 10,000 Years of Interaction 6065: 5571:The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor 5534: 5489: 5487: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5017: 4652:, though the Germanic tribes considered the 4293:3rd century sandstone Varaha sculpture from 4102: 1617:and northwestern India to southeastern Iran 1497:A long-maned subspecies with a coat that is 1115:Much of continental Europe and into Eurasia 673: 10092:United States National Agricultural Library 9356: 9193: 9038: 8877: 7895:"BBC Wales – Nature – Wildlife – Wild boar" 7660:. Britishwildboar.org.uk. 21 October 1998. 7625: 7592: 7471: 7331: 7329: 7297: 7085: 7083: 7058: 7056: 6985:"Penile Injuries in Wild and Domestic Pigs" 6860: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6583:BBC News, "Pig DNA reveals farming history" 5501: 5499: 5032: 5008: 4814: 4095:. Wild boar may on occasion contract swine 3963: 3488:reportedly died on 20 December 1912 in the 3301: 2375:Dentition, as illustrated by Charles Knight 19:"Boar" redirects here. For other uses, see 11014: 10932: 10918: 10153: 10139: 9973:Mayer, J. J. & Shedrow, C. B. (2007), 9845:Marsan, Andrea; Mattioli, Stefano (2013). 9421: 9006: 8910:, University of Washington Press, p. 140, 8821: 8786: 8774: 8717:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 426–428. 8560: 8111: 7983: 7784: 7503:"Tigers and Leopards in Russia's Far East" 7494: 6509: 6507: 6409:Ancestors for the Pigs: Pigs in prehistory 6266: 6245: 6020: 5925: 5823: 5788: 5511: 5433: 5431: 5215: 5198: 4735:Roman relief of a dog confronting a boar, 4274:The head of wild boar is prominent in the 3837:were released in the Powder Horn Ranch in 3519: 3451:and on the lower slopes of the Tien Shan. 2657:The wild boar inhabits a diverse array of 2339:. It was virtually unknown and was feared 624:, which is thought to be derived from the 239: 90: 58: 15249: 12721: 9828:The Hunter's Library: Wild Boar in Europe 9611: 9559: 9491: 9473: 9224: 8971: 8900: 8852: 8798: 8543: 8533: 7528: 7423: 7250: 7010: 7000: 6964: 6913: 6894: 6794:Groves, C.; Meijaard, E. (1 March 2016). 6762: 6719: 6675: 6643: 6633: 6539: 6487: 6477: 6311: 6288: 5836:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–59, 5778:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 91–99, 5776:A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals 5736: 5568: 5484: 5467: 5331: 5095: 4442:, as depicted on a black-figure amphora ( 3976: 3927: 3602:. Populations estimates were as follows: 2632: 2590:the maximum being 10–12. The piglets are 843: 15130: 12520: 9305: 8859:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 41. 8804: 7766:"Villisika eli Suomessa jo kivikaudella" 7401: 7326: 7080: 7068: 7053: 6882: 6870: 6849: 6825:Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin P (2013). 6323: 5748: 5718:"Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources" 5496: 4917: 4818: 4750:Southern Indian depiction of boar hunt, 4592: 4576: 4426: 4288: 4269: 4145: 4138:on silver dish (part of the 4th century 4129: 4111: 4069:spreads very quickly in wild boar, with 3989:on the lower jaw and lung of a wild boar 3980: 3883: 3688: 3523: 3199: 3115: 2809: 2648: 2636: 2627: 2596: 2560: 2489:sounds or emit screeches transcribed as 2414:A European wild boar piglet, painted by 2409: 2397: 2370: 2362: 2271: 923: 847: 435: 11421: 10992: 10729:Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks 9863: 9825: 9012: 8980: 8792: 8780: 8571: 8419: 8392:United States Department of Agriculture 8353:State, Mississippi (11 November 2021). 8292: 8265: 8234: 8155:. animalivre.uol.com.br. Archived from 8151:Vininha F. Carvalho (19 January 2007). 7560:Miquelle, Dale G.; et al. (1996). 6970: 6922: 6907: 6681: 6504: 6317: 6225: 5742: 5683: 5428: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 4539:, the boar is often shown as armed and 4192:fight or kill a boar at one point. The 4099:through rodents or hog lice and ticks. 2280:With the exception of domestic pigs in 15758: 11139: 9633: 9631: 9581: 9579: 9513: 9511: 9362: 9097: 8890:, Oxford University Press, pp. 49–73, 8319: 8272:Débora Spitzcovsky (4 February 2013). 8212: 8171: 8144: 8059: 7035:"Eight little piggies went a-marching" 6982: 6406: 6197: 5928:"The Races of the European Wild Swine" 5342: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5067: 5065: 5063: 4305:The boar as a warrior also appears in 3403:and went again eastward including the 3306: 3094:, though this may have been a case of 2692:The main habitats favored by boars in 2677:, 2,600 m (8,500 ft) in the 2069:The smallest subspecies of the former 15357: 15356: 15248: 15117: 15116: 14722: 13805: 13340: 12797: 12259: 11405: 10991: 10913: 10134: 9372:Wilderness and Environmental Medicine 9315:Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 9028:, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 35, 8959:Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses 8827: 8737: 8715:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 8713:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (1997). 8678: 8658:"Göbekli Tepe: The Birth of Religion" 8645:from the original on 6 February 2021. 8505: 8493:from the original on 13 November 2021 8462:from the original on 11 November 2021 8401:from the original on 11 November 2021 8352: 8041:from the original on 21 November 2022 8024: 7998: 7901:from the original on 23 November 2018 7833:from the original on 28 February 2020 7500: 6806:from the original on 30 November 2021 6233:The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals. 6169:from the original on 23 December 2022 6112:from the original on 19 December 2022 6037:from the original on 19 December 2022 6002:from the original on 19 December 2022 5973:from the original on 19 December 2022 5938:from the original on 19 December 2022 5852: 5846: 5665:from the original on 17 February 2024 5541:Springer Science & Business Media 5148: 4702:was the centrepiece of most medieval 4404:, the boar is described as a form of 4396:, then giving its carcass to the god 4154:, Finland. A wild boar refers to the 3415:eastward to its lower reaches at the 3154:), as well as other carnivorans like 3042:Boars may occasionally prey on small 2322: 2084:, northern and northeastern Mongolia 596:As true wild boars became extinct in 15776:Extant Pleistocene first appearances 15743:F352F5EE-8CA7-4C90-91E9-C3A8A5C3537C 15665:e03bb3c4-5dc0-4fb9-a697-4a1550395dc0 15512:ae1f1d0d-70b0-4101-93b3-0cc5127d6f99 12557: 9441: 9344:from the original on 18 October 2014 9236:from the original on 14 October 2014 9213:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 8655: 8432:from the original on 5 November 2021 8365:from the original on 5 November 2021 8299:Fernanda Testa (13 September 2015). 7927:from the original on 14 October 2017 7314:from the original on 21 January 2021 7155:from the original on 22 October 2018 6983:Weiler, Ulrike; et al. (2016). 6663:from the original on 5 November 2018 6335: 5724:from the original on 17 October 2014 5605:from the original on 18 October 2014 5437: 5416:from the original on 27 October 2021 5386:from the original on 28 October 2020 5370: 5368: 5037:, which is Latin for 'solitary pig'. 4876: 4477:to name their sons after the animal 4325:where it is closely associated with 2830:The wild boar is a highly versatile 15766:IUCN Red List least concern species 11406: 10042:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). 1878. 9979:, Washington Savannah River Company 9891:"The systematics of the wild boar ( 9686: 9628: 9576: 9508: 7961:from the original on 1 October 2013 7859:from the original on 24 August 2010 7041:from the original on 14 August 2016 5913:Systema regni animalis (classis I.) 5111: 5083:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5060: 3790:and released in a property between 3311:The species originally occurred in 3183:Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park 860:Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze 560:, having been the ancestor of most 13: 14723: 12260: 10121:Sow feeding piglets, Lodz (Poland) 9883: 9751:from the original on 3 August 2021 9699:The Journal of Wildlife Management 9644:The Journal of Wildlife Management 9308:"Death by attack from a wild boar" 9306:Manipady, S.; et al. (2006). 9047:A Guide to Traditional Pig Keeping 8480: 8420:Lashley, Marcus (26 August 2019). 8219:Carlos H. Salvador (3 July 2012). 8099:from the original on 23 April 2017 8060:Castle, Stephen (24 August 2024). 7827:"Wild boar cull is given go ahead" 7635:, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 139–141, 7553: 7402:Taghdisi, M.; et al. (2013). 7129:from the original on 29 April 2018 4333:who claimed descent from the god. 4169:literally means the "swine head"). 3769:William C. Whitney Wilderness Area 3290:, the boar's main predator is the 2760:groves in winter in some areas of 2744:groves, hilly mixed forests where 2526:that protect against snake venom. 2276:Male wild boar-domestic pig hybrid 568:for millennia. Boars have also re- 14: 15822: 10019: 9181:from the original on 5 March 2023 8762:from the original on 5 March 2023 8025:Bonar, Megan (18 November 2022). 7988:. NatureScot Research Report 876. 7878:Cull failing to control wild boar 7664:from the original on 24 July 2011 7613:from the original on 5 March 2023 5969:. Vol. 1. pp. 265–267. 5635:from the original on 29 June 2023 5365: 5321:Smithsonian Institution Libraries 4648:Boar hunting continued after the 1047:, and the mane is largely absent. 10893: 10892: 10506: 9939:, University of Virginia Press, 9763: 9733: 9363:Gunduz, A.; et al. (2007). 9248: 9134: 9091: 9067: 9018: 8996:. Steven Simpson Books. p. 207. 8986: 8951: 8936: 8846: 8731: 8672: 8649: 8625:Beresnevičius, Gintaras (2006). 8618: 8594: 8577: 8474: 8444: 8413: 8377: 8346: 8334:from the original on 25 May 2021 8307:from the original on 25 May 2021 8253:from the original on 25 May 2021 8081: 8053: 8018: 7992: 7977: 7791:Osborn, D.J.; Helmy, I. (1980). 7288:. Vol. 106, No. 9. (10 May 2014) 6235:p. 329. Academic Press Limited. 5698:from the original on 13 May 2021 5599:"Online Etymological Dictionary" 4955: 4941: 4799:The Boar Hunt – Hans Wertinger, 4792: 4776: 4761: 4743: 4728: 4650:fall of the Western Roman Empire 4567:As a game animal and food source 4512:, the boar is the emblem of the 4416:, the same boar is portrayed as 4219:is recognised by his handmaiden 3934:Collectors, Shooters and Hunters 3454: 2524:nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 2267: 2201: 2105: 2033: 1866: 1807: 1756: 1690: 1634: 1601: 1505:, it is more lightly built than 1487: 1414: 1353: 1102: 833: 796: 759: 738: 711: 115: 11284:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 10798:The Tale of Little Pig Robinson 9819: 9202:"Characteristics of wild boar ( 8931:volume 4: Finno-Ugric, Siberian 8830:Animals in Celtic Life and Myth 8330:. revistagloborural.globo.com. 7913: 7887: 7871: 7845: 7819: 7807: 7758: 7745: 7720: 7701: 7685:Suomeen istutetut riistaeläimet 7676: 7586: 7517:Fauna & Flora International 7432: 7395: 7341: 7291: 7267: 7210: 7167: 7141: 7115: 7095: 7027: 6976: 6928: 6818: 6787: 6736: 6687: 6598: 6576: 6556: 6445: 6425: 6411:. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. 6400: 6385:) has been domesticated in the 6362: 6216: 6191: 6181: 6124: 6093: 6078: 6059: 6049: 6014: 5985: 5950: 5919: 5896: 5768: 5710: 5677: 5647: 5617: 5591: 5535:Baskin, L.; Danell, K. (2003). 5347:)". In Oliver, W. L. R. (ed.). 5040: 4993: 4297:, depicting the Hindu boar god 2549:Social behaviour and life cycle 2515:is comparatively weak, lacking 2499:: High-pitched, piercing cries. 12073:Central American red brocket ( 9257:Journal of Wildlife Management 9147:Journal of Wildlife Management 9057:, Good Life Press, pp. 26–27, 8656:Mann, Charles C. (June 2011). 7125:. BBC News. 14 November 2013. 6085:Reichenbach, H. G. L. (1846). 5684:Magnier, Eileen (7 May 2020). 5661:. Cambridge University Press. 5438:Chen, K.; et al. (2007). 5398: 5192: 5072:Keuling, O.; Leus, K. (2019). 4922:Recreational wild boar hunting 4469:, with people born during the 3447:, though they do occur in the 3371:(at 60°N) through the area of 3359:. The species occurs on a few 3003:without ill effect, including 2972:, as well as visit cultivated 2358: 2236:(Thomas and Wroughton, 1909), 1782:habitats. Its separation from 896:largely displaced the related 591: 548:, where it is replaced by the 1: 9995:Walker's Mammals of the World 9889:Apollonio, M. et al. (1988), 8738:Smith, Evans Lansing (1997). 7984:Massei, G.; Ward, A. (2022). 7457:10.1080/09397140.2016.1144286 6950:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.007 5053: 4905: 4800: 4751: 4523:) is frequently displayed in 4443: 4107: 3685:Introduction to North America 3666:and a number of sites in the 3261:Cervus canadensis xanthopygus 3058:chicks. Boars inhabiting the 2643:Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary 919: 866:suid that was outcompeted by 485:, and has been introduced to 12780:Large subfamily listed below 12768:Large subfamily listed below 12756:Large subfamily listed below 10084:Species Profile- Wild Boar ( 10069:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.026 9429:"Wild Pig Attacks on Humans" 9100:The Journal of Asian Studies 8992:Shreshta, Tej Kumar (1997). 8945:A complete guide to heraldry 8627:"Aisčių mater deum klausimu" 8456:National Wildlife Federation 8359:Mississippi State University 8128:Mayer, J. J. et al. (2009), 7855:. BBC News. 20 August 2010. 7569:Journal of Wildlife Research 7366:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.02.003 5809:. In Oliver, W. L. R., ed., 5201:"The Sanglier, or Wild Hog ( 4203:involves the capture of the 3670:, mainly centred around the 3628:Wild boars have crossed the 3494:Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein 3468:and north of Lake Ladoga in 3111: 2565:Central European wild boar ( 2402:Skeleton, as illustrated by 2115:A small blackish subspecies 786:Boar of the 4th/5th/6th year 661: 7: 15806:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 11275:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 11266:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 8746:University Press of America 7352:) in northwestern Bhutan". 6745:"Sus bucculentus revisited" 6532:10.1093/genetics/154.4.1785 6342:Wild Pig Specialist group. 5992:Schreber, J. C. D. (1835). 5903:Erxleben, J. C. P. (1777). 5575:University Press of Florida 5376:"Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758" 5325:National Science Foundation 5313:Mammals of the Soviet Union 4934: 4597:A wild boar dish served in 4557:King Richard III of England 4134:Depiction of wild boars at 1331:(Lesson and Garnot, 1826), 691:The animals' specific name 10: 15827: 9923:Le sanglier et ses chasses 9544:10.1038/s41598-021-86363-3 9384:10.1580/06-weme-cr-033r1.1 9327:10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.08.007 8942:Fox-Davies, A. C. (1909), 8929:The Mythology of All Races 8681:"The World's First Temple" 8027:"Wild boar cull was legal" 7731:. WSOY. pp. 207–208. 7445:Zoology in the Middle East 7412:Turkish Journal of Zoology 7336:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 7090:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 7075:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 7063:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6889:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6877:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6865:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6442:. Paléorient, 24(1):25–41. 6330:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 5774:Clutton-Brock, J. (1999). 5629:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 5506:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 4897:was wounded by a boar and 4570: 3892:with registered sightings. 3796:Los Padres National Forest 3728: 3435:and in India north of the 2956:, as they are rich in the 2511:is also acute, though its 704: 680:. The young may be called 669:, and more closely to the 600:before the development of 497:. It has been assessed as 29: 25:Wild boar (disambiguation) 18: 15801:Mammals described in 1758 15365: 15323: 15295: 15271: 15262: 15258: 15244: 15211:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 15202:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 15190: 15139: 15126: 15112: 15076: 15052: 15028: 15019: 14901: 14868: 14844: 14811: 14787: 14766:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 14745: 14736: 14732: 14718: 14682: 14640: 14463: 14454: 14408: 14384: 14360: 14318: 14267: 14243: 14234: 14206: 14182: 14175: 14129: 14069: 14045: 13958: 13907: 13883: 13859: 13835: 13826: 13822: 13801: 13756: 13657: 13648: 13620: 13596: 13491: 13431: 13422: 13394: 13370: 13361: 13357: 13336: 13295: 13271: 13193: 13169: 13145: 13121: 13070: 13046: 12995: 12890: 12866: 12842: 12818: 12814: 12793: 12773: 12761: 12749: 12712: 12675: 12651: 12618: 12594: 12585: 12548: 12511: 12465: 12405: 12396: 12368: 12317: 12284: 12275: 12271: 12255: 12201: 12167: 12133: 12109: 12085: 12055:Amazonian brown brocket ( 11989: 11956: 11932: 11899: 11875: 11851: 11842: 11778: 11727: 11703: 11670: 11619: 11586: 11562: 11430: 11417: 11401: 11388:Large family listed below 11381: 11376:Large family listed below 11369: 11353:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 11296: 11254: 11230: 11221: 11130: 11075: 11051: 11042: 11005: 11001: 10987: 10949: 10888: 10857: 10805:The Tale of Pigling Bland 10559: 10515: 10504: 10234: 10168: 9963:, Editions Cheminements, 9864:Scheggi, Massimo (1999). 9826:Cabanau, Laurent (2001). 9475:10.1186/s12898-019-0271-7 9226:10.32800/abc.2012.35.0221 8853:Macdonell, A. A. (1898). 8832:. Routledge. p. 46. 8535:10.1186/s13028-015-0133-z 7530:10.1017/s0030605300029227 7441:Panthera pardus saxicolor 7406:Panthera pardus saxicolor 7196:10.1007/s10530-005-6829-7 6407:Nelson, Sarah M. (1998). 6295:Sterndale, R. A. (1884). 6100:Fitzinger, L. J. (1858). 5205:) Buff. V. xiv. and xvii" 4827:Boars can be damaging to 4384:. A story present in the 4376:The boar also appears in 4103:Relationships with humans 3100:interspecific competition 2993:Ujung Kulon National Park 1763:De Beaux and Festa, 1927 987:) poorly developed manes. 916:and surrounding islands. 283: 276: 247: 238: 217: 210: 112:Scientific classification 110: 88: 79: 66: 57: 41: 13452:Domestic water buffalo ( 11817:Central Asian red deer ( 11442:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 10160: 9993:Ronald M. Nowak (1999), 8633:(in Lithuanian) (2): 6. 8602:Suomen kunnallisvaakunat 8584:"Finland: Wet Threats". 8005:Scotland The Big Picture 7575:(2): 138. Archived from 6796:"Indo-chinese Warty Pig" 6566:History of domestication 6344:"LC – Eurasian Wild Pig" 4986: 4815:Crop and garbage raiding 4665:and the introduction of 4355:linked to boars include 3985:Lesions consistent with 3964:Effect on other habitats 3821:Several wild boars from 3496:attempted to repopulate 3391:at 56°N. In the eastern 3302:Distribution and habitat 2367:The skull of a wild boar 2218:, and in Indonesia from 649:, and is related to the 14330:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 14117:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 12222:Yucatan brown brocket ( 11451:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 11335:Philippine mouse-deer ( 10865:List of individual pigs 10722:Fair, then Partly Piggy 10111:A sounder of wild boars 10103:genome assembly in the 10057:Veterinary Parasitology 10039:Encyclopædia Britannica 9985:Padiglione, V. (1989), 9911:17 October 2014 at the 9080:16 October 2014 at the 9024:Adamson, M. W. (2004), 8136:24 October 2014 at the 7408:) in northeastern Iran" 6635:10.1073/pnas.0703411104 6588:1 February 2017 at the 6479:10.1073/pnas.0905015106 5756:The Genetics of the Pig 5410:Encyclopædia Britannica 4581:Wild boar haunches and 4492:In the folklore of the 3520:Status in Great Britain 3164:yellow-throated martens 3123:killing a wild boar in 2805: 2740:, the species inhabits 2288:(which appear to be of 1879:Coastal China south to 1363:Sometimes considered a 629: 618: 572:in recent decades with 15040:White-lipped peccary ( 14976:Philippine warty pig ( 14601:Yellow-backed duiker ( 14565:Black-fronted duiker ( 14538:White-bellied duiker ( 14159:Przewalski's gazelle ( 13382:Four-horned antelope ( 12180:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 11739:Visayan spotted deer ( 11598:European fallow deer ( 11541:Northern red muntjac ( 11487:Southern red muntjac ( 10870:List of fictional pigs 10574:Flitch of bacon custom 10372:Religious restrictions 9961:Le sanglier héraldique 9959:Marillier, B. (2003), 9427:Mayer, John J. (2013) 9026:Food in Medieval Times 8679:Scham, Sandra (2008). 8355:"Environmental Damage" 7921:"Wild Boar in Britain" 7658:"Wild boar in Britain" 5957:Pallas, P. S. (1831). 5868:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 5569:Affenberg, W. (1981). 5164:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 5033: 5027: 5018: 5009: 4923: 4824: 4602: 4590: 4454: 4302: 4286: 4170: 4143: 4127: 4075:Foot-and-mouth disease 3990: 3977:Diseases and parasites 3928:Pest control in Brazil 3893: 3705: 3532: 3215: 3127: 3092:Bandipur National Park 2827: 2654: 2646: 2633:Habitat and sheltering 2602: 2570: 2419: 2407: 2376: 2368: 2277: 1399:(Heim de Balzac, 1937) 1280:(von Schreber, 1790), 1212:(von Schreber, 1790), 1141:(von Schreber, 1790), 1053:Represented solely by 933: 870: 844:Taxonomy and evolution 674: 654: 444: 45:Temporal range: Early 15699:Paleobiology Database 15220:Wild Bactrian camel ( 14922:Bornean bearded pig ( 14913:Palawan bearded pig ( 14502:White-legged duiker ( 13928:Red-fronted gazelle ( 11607:Persian fallow deer ( 11523:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 11196:Himalayan musk deer ( 11105:Reticulated giraffe ( 10652:Babe: Pig in the City 10609:The Three Little Pigs 9921:Durantel, P. (2007), 9899:Bolletino di Zoologia 9773:Global Change Biology 9073:Strazdina, V. et al. 8957:Wagner, J. A. (2001) 8926:Holmberg, U. (1927), 8001:"Rooting for Rooters" 7949:(16 September 2011). 7755:, 2014-12-05, p. B15. 7727:Koivisto, M. (2004). 7683:Nummi, Petri (1988). 7501:Prynn, David (1980). 7280:16 April 2015 at the 7223:Ecology and Evolution 6198:Groves, C.P. (1981). 6152:10.1353/asi.2008.0009 6066:Boddaert, P. (1784). 5090:: e.T41775A44141833. 4921: 4856:, as was the case in 4822: 4635:Constantine the Great 4596: 4580: 4430: 4331:Yngling royal dynasty 4311:Germanic boar helmets 4292: 4273: 4149: 4133: 4115: 3984: 3887: 3735:European colonization 3692: 3664:Dumfries and Galloway 3537:William the Conqueror 3527: 3387:and farther east the 3203: 3119: 2987:plants. Boars of the 2813: 2652: 2640: 2628:Behaviour and ecology 2600: 2564: 2429:Mediterranean regions 2413: 2401: 2374: 2366: 2275: 1858:Northern Chinese boar 1300:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1296:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1292:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1288:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1264:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1260:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1244:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1240:(G. Fischer , 1814), 1232:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1224:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1216:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1200:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1184:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1180:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1176:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1168:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1090:Central European boar 928:Wild boar (left) and 927: 851: 635:, of unknown origin. 524:As of 2005, up to 16 457:), also known as the 442: 69:Central European boar 21:Boar (disambiguation) 15796:Mammals of East Asia 15507:Fauna Europaea (new) 15307:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 14967:Oliver's warty pig ( 14592:Red-flanked duiker ( 13997:Erlanger's gazelle ( 13717:Harnessed bushbuck ( 13443:Wild water buffalo ( 12920:East Caucasian tur ( 12911:West Caucasian tur ( 12064:Little red brocket ( 11532:Truong Son muntjac ( 11344:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 11326:Greater mouse-deer ( 11205:Siberian musk deer ( 10672:Empress of Blandings 9925:, Editions Artemis, 9904:Carden, R.F. (2012) 9434:20 June 2016 at the 9052:5 March 2023 at the 8748:. pp. 253–254. 7713:4 March 2016 at the 7631:Masseti, M. (2012), 7593:Schaller, G (1967). 7176:Biological Invasions 7101:Long, J. L. (2003), 6374:20 June 2017 at the 6350:on 10 September 2016 6231:Kingdon, J. (1997). 5659:Cambridge Dictionary 5315:]. Vol. I. 5007:word for 'boar' was 4671:German Peasants' War 4012:Trichinella spiralis 3096:intraguild predation 3090:in southern India's 1873:Milne-Edwards, 1871 1814:Forsyth Major, 1882 1074:Trinomial authority 546:Lesser Sunda Islands 14940:Celebes warty pig ( 14931:Visayan warty pig ( 14547:Red forest duiker ( 14279:Günther's dik-dik ( 14141:Mongolian gazelle ( 13946:Heuglin's gazelle ( 13937:Thomson's gazelle ( 13091:Long-tailed goral ( 12486:Mountain reedbuck ( 12477:Southern reedbuck ( 12329:East African oryx ( 12231:White-tailed deer ( 12010:Small red brocket ( 11977:South Andean deer ( 11920:Siberian roe deer ( 11911:European roe deer ( 11748:Philippine sambar ( 11715:Père David's deer ( 11317:Lesser mouse-deer ( 11178:Kashmir musk deer ( 10377:Scottish pork taboo 10105:UCSC Genome Browser 9935:Greene, J. (2011), 9711:2018JWMan..82..674B 9656:2020JWMan..84..739G 9604:2018Ecosp...9E2379M 9536:2021NatSR..11.6924C 9466:2020BMCE...20....4J 9365:"Wild Boar Attacks" 9269:2021JWMan..85..868M 9044:Harris, C. (2009), 8961:, ABC-CLIO, p. 15, 8886:Knight, J. (2003), 8691:(6). Archived from 8662:National Geographic 8590:. 14 December 1931. 8514:"Seroprevalence of 8247:Chamber of Deputies 7999:Eaglesham, Gordon. 7884:. 25 February 2011. 7582:on 1 November 2012. 7425:10.3906/zoo-1301-20 7235:2016EcoEv...6.2569O 7188:2006BiInv...8.1073T 7105:, Cabi Publishing, 6764:10.1038/nature04770 6712:1997Natur.386..335G 6626:2007PNAS..10415276L 6470:2009PNAS..10616135V 6438:1 June 2014 at the 6393:) in North-eastern 6021:Moore, Ch. (1869). 5926:Thomas, O. (1912). 5915:. pp. 176–179. 5832:Hemmer, H. (1990), 5380:mammaldiversity.org 5199:Gray, J.E. (1827). 4485:10 note during the 4315:Benty Grange helmet 4211:slays the wild sow 3987:bovine tuberculosis 3638:Forestry Commission 3405:Tannu-Ola Mountains 3307:Reconstructed range 3296:Varanus komodoensis 3125:Kanha Tiger Reserve 2612:permanent dentition 2393:subcutaneous tissue 2216:Peninsular Malaysia 2043:A small subspecies 1319:(Rosenberg, 1878), 1315:(Rosenberg, 1878), 1308:(Reichenbach, 1846) 1276:(Fitzinger, 1860), 1268:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1252:(Rütimeyer, 1862), 1236:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1228:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1196:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1098:Nominate subspecies 647:Proto-Indo-European 260:, and elsewhere in 82:Conservation status 15088:Collared peccary ( 14958:Flores warty pig ( 14799:Giant forest hog ( 14661:Maxwell's duiker ( 14583:Ruwenzori duiker ( 14529:Jentink's duiker ( 14438:Sharpe's grysbok ( 14194:Tibetan antelope ( 14099:Bright's gazelle ( 14033:Goitered gazelle ( 14006:Mountain gazelle ( 13979:Cuvier's gazelle ( 13919:Mongalla gazelle ( 13307:Pyrenean chamois ( 12733:Tibetan antelope ( 12687:Black wildebeest ( 11514:Reeves's muntjac ( 11478:Sumatran muntjac ( 11469:Gongshan muntjac ( 11242:Water chevrotain ( 11169:Alpine musk deer ( 11096:Southern giraffe ( 11087:Northern giraffe ( 10880:Pigasus (politics) 10742:Olivia (character) 10680:My Brother the Pig 10033:"Boar, Wild" 9719:10.1002/jwmg.21436 9664:10.1002/jwmg.21845 9524:Scientific Reports 9277:10.1002/jwmg.22042 8828:Green, M. (2002). 8587:The New York Times 8481:By (1 July 2019). 8280:on 2 February 2017 8068:The New York Times 7829:. BBC News. 2010. 7002:10.3390/ani6040025 6140:Asian Perspectives 6072:Elenchus animalium 5543:. pp. 15–38. 5460:10.7150/ijbs.3.153 4924: 4825: 4711:, being of higher 4603: 4591: 4561:Duke of Gloucester 4455: 4303: 4287: 4245:Egyptian mythology 4215:, and a disguised 4171: 4144: 4128: 4085:hemorrhagic sepsis 3991: 3894: 3843:Espiritu Santo Bay 3708:Wild boars are an 3706: 3699:American alligator 3678:The New York Times 3533: 3379:into the southern 3278:On the islands of 3216: 3128: 2828: 2814:Male Indian boar ( 2771:On the islands of 2655: 2647: 2603: 2571: 2569:) piglets suckling 2420: 2408: 2377: 2369: 2323:Synonymous species 2290:Sulawesi warty pig 2278: 2018:and southern Iran 1803:S. s. meridionalis 1800:Mediterranean boar 1593:Central Asian boar 1581:(Lydekker, 1900), 1345:North African boar 1323:(De Beaux, 1924), 1304:(S. D. W., 1836), 1284:(Erxleben, 1777), 1204:(Erxleben, 1777), 1192:(Linnaeus, 1758), 1125:(Erxleben, 1777), 1121:wild populations: 949:S. s. meridionalis 934: 871: 770:Pig of the sounder 477:native to much of 445: 258:sub-Saharan Africa 15786:Mammals of Europe 15753: 15752: 15686:Open Tree of Life 15359:Taxon identifiers 15350: 15349: 15346: 15345: 15342: 15341: 15319: 15318: 15240: 15239: 15236: 15235: 15232: 15231: 15108: 15107: 15104: 15103: 15100: 15099: 15064:Chacoan peccary ( 15015: 15014: 15003:Javan warty pig ( 14994:Timor warty pig ( 14801:H. meinertzhageni 14775:Togian babirusa ( 14714: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14706: 14705: 14670:Walter's duiker ( 14610:Abbott's duiker ( 14574:Ogilby's duiker ( 14520:Harvey's duiker ( 14484:Brooke's duiker ( 14450: 14449: 14230: 14229: 14171: 14170: 14108:Peter's gazelle ( 14090:Grant's gazelle ( 14024:Speke's gazelle ( 13797: 13796: 13793: 13792: 13789: 13788: 13674: 13644: 13643: 13632:African buffalo ( 13463:B. depressicornis 13418: 13417: 13332: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13100:Himalayan goral ( 12922:C. cylindricornis 12789: 12788: 12785: 12784: 12745: 12744: 12708: 12707: 12696:Blue wildebeest ( 12630:Common tsessebe ( 12581: 12580: 12544: 12543: 12507: 12506: 12419:K. ellipsiprymnus 12392: 12391: 12251: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12191:P. mephistophiles 12147:P. mephistophiles 11838: 11837: 11534:M. truongsonensis 11496:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 11397: 11396: 11393: 11392: 11365: 11364: 11308:Java mouse-deer ( 11217: 11216: 11187:Black musk deer ( 11160:Dwarf musk deer ( 11151:Anhui musk deer ( 11126: 11125: 11089:G. camelopardalis 11038: 11037: 10907: 10906: 10819:Toot & Puddle 10812:This Little Piggy 10579:Floyd of Rosedale 10265:Intensive farming 10049:Toxoplasma gondii 10004:978-0-8018-5789-8 9875:978-88-253-7904-4 9837:978-3-8290-5528-4 9785:10.1111/gcb.15769 9613:10.1002/ecs2.2379 8906:Pegg, C. (2001), 8866:978-81-208-1113-3 8755:978-0-761-80509-0 8695:on 8 August 2017. 8668:on 18 March 2012. 8516:Toxoplasma gondii 7753:Helsingin Sanomat 7354:Mammalian Biology 7273:Gupta, S. et al. 7243:10.1002/ece3.2045 7111:978-0-85199-748-3 7037:. Whipsnade Zoo. 6831:Suiform Soundings 6281:978-0-19-920704-6 6209:978-0-909596-75-0 5881:978-0-8018-8221-0 5860:Sus scrofa scrofa 5764:978-1-84593-756-0 5327:. pp. 19–82. 5177:978-0-8018-8221-0 5034:singularis porcus 5001:Romance languages 4981:Boars in heraldry 4877:Attacks on humans 4713:nutritional value 4675:French Revolution 4619:Scipio Aemilianus 4607:Upper Paleolithic 4323:Germanic paganism 4307:Germanic cultures 4117:Upper Paleolithic 4030:Toxoplasma gondii 3914:Rio Grande do Sul 3853:and the coast of 3697:" confronting an 3549:English Civil War 3423:, there are only 3355:and north of the 3257:Manchurian wapiti 3211:) being eaten by 3080:bivalved molluscs 2798:branches and dry 2722:Białowieża Forest 2388:Sexual dimorphism 2327:The Heude's pig ( 2265: 2264: 2261: 2244:(Jentink, 1905), 2186: 2169:(Nehring, 1889), 2092: 2091:(Adlerberg, 1930) 2057:Trans-Baikal boar 1972:Middle Asian boar 1966: 1862:S. s. moupinensis 1850: 1842: 1740: 1733: 1725: 1716:former Yugoslavia 1674: 1666: 1630:S. s. leucomystax 1586: 1573:(Hodgson, 1842), 1557:(Hodgson, 1842), 1472: 1400: 1392: 1335:(Rolleston, 1877) 1248:(Nehring, 1884), 1045:S. s. moupinensis 1037:S. s. moupinensis 1025:S. s. leucomystax 1005:is high-skulled, 886:Early Pleistocene 841: 840: 830: 825: 814: 809: 793: 788: 777: 772: 756: 751: 735: 730: 515:Early Pleistocene 467:Eurasian wild pig 440: 434: 433: 105: 16:Species of mammal 15818: 15781:Palearctic fauna 15746: 15745: 15733: 15732: 15720: 15719: 15707: 15706: 15694: 15693: 15681: 15680: 15668: 15667: 15658: 15657: 15645: 15644: 15642:NBNSYS0000005142 15632: 15631: 15619: 15618: 15606: 15605: 15593: 15592: 15580: 15579: 15567: 15566: 15554: 15553: 15541: 15540: 15528: 15527: 15515: 15514: 15502: 15501: 15489: 15488: 15476: 15475: 15463: 15462: 15450: 15449: 15437: 15436: 15427: 15426: 15414: 15413: 15401: 15400: 15399: 15386: 15385: 15384: 15354: 15353: 15269: 15268: 15260: 15259: 15246: 15245: 15137: 15136: 15128: 15127: 15114: 15113: 15026: 15025: 14832:Common warthog ( 14823:Desert warthog ( 14743: 14742: 14734: 14733: 14720: 14719: 14619:Weyns's duiker ( 14493:Peters' duiker ( 14475:Aders's duiker ( 14461: 14460: 14348:Royal antelope ( 14306:Salt's dik-dik ( 14297:Silver dik-dik ( 14288:Kirk's dik-dik ( 14241: 14240: 14218:Saiga antelope ( 14180: 14179: 14119:N. soemmerringii 13988:Dorcas gazelle ( 13833: 13832: 13824: 13823: 13817: 13803: 13802: 13690:Mountain nyala ( 13673: 13672: 13664: 13655: 13654: 13610:P. nghetinhensis 13512:European bison ( 13503:American bison ( 13429: 13428: 13368: 13367: 13359: 13358: 13352: 13338: 13337: 13214:Domestic sheep ( 13058:Himalayan tahr ( 13025:Mainland serow ( 13007:Japanese serow ( 12816: 12815: 12809: 12795: 12794: 12719: 12718: 12592: 12591: 12555: 12554: 12518: 12517: 12495:Bohor reedbuck ( 12403: 12402: 12382:A. nasomaculatus 12305:Sable antelope ( 12282: 12281: 12273: 12272: 12266: 12257: 12256: 12019:Merida brocket ( 11849: 11848: 11790:Thorold's deer ( 11642:A. calamianensis 11525:M. rooseveltorum 11471:M. gongshanensis 11428: 11427: 11419: 11418: 11412: 11403: 11402: 11228: 11227: 11137: 11136: 11116:G. tippelskirchi 11049: 11048: 11012: 11011: 11003: 11002: 10989: 10988: 10934: 10927: 10920: 10911: 10910: 10896: 10895: 10666:Blandings Castle 10510: 10474: 10387: 10313: 10261: 10247: 10155: 10148: 10141: 10132: 10131: 10080: 10063:(1–2): 323–327. 10043: 10035: 10015: 9984: 9958: 9920: 9879: 9860: 9856:978-88-96348-178 9841: 9813: 9812: 9767: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9635: 9626: 9625: 9615: 9583: 9574: 9573: 9563: 9515: 9506: 9505: 9495: 9477: 9445: 9439: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9409:on 9 August 2017 9408: 9402:. Archived from 9369: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9343: 9312: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9235: 9228: 9210: 9197: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9138: 9132: 9131: 9095: 9089: 9071: 9065: 9042: 9036: 9022: 9016: 9015:, pp. 30–35 9010: 9004: 8990: 8984: 8978: 8969: 8955: 8949: 8940: 8934: 8924: 8918: 8904: 8898: 8884: 8875: 8874: 8873:on 5 March 2023. 8869:. Archived from 8850: 8844: 8843: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8802: 8796: 8790: 8784: 8783:, pp. 14–15 8778: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8710: 8697: 8696: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8664:. Archived from 8653: 8647: 8646: 8631:Liaudies kultūra 8622: 8616: 8615: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8558: 8557: 8547: 8537: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8478: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8452:"Hogs Gone Wild" 8448: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8426:The Conversation 8417: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8400: 8389: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8323: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8303:. g1.globo.com. 8296: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8203: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8186:on 20 April 2018 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8148: 8142: 8126: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8065: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8022: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8011: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7968: 7966: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7891: 7885: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7823: 7817: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7762: 7756: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7724: 7718: 7705: 7699: 7698: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7654: 7643: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7590: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7566: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7532: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7345: 7339: 7338:, pp. 96–97 7333: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7295: 7289: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7254: 7229:(8): 2569–2578. 7214: 7208: 7207: 7182:(5): 1073–1089. 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7119: 7113: 7099: 7093: 7092:, pp. 55–58 7087: 7078: 7077:, pp. 87–90 7072: 7066: 7065:, pp. 83–86 7060: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7014: 7004: 6980: 6974: 6973:, pp. 20–22 6968: 6962: 6961: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6911: 6905: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6867:, pp. 70–72 6862: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6766: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6723: 6721:10.1038/386335a0 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6662: 6647: 6637: 6620:(39): 15276–81. 6611: 6602: 6596: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6543: 6511: 6502: 6501: 6491: 6481: 6449: 6443: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6404: 6398: 6383:Dicotyles tajacu 6379:collared peccary 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6346:. Archived from 6339: 6333: 6332:, pp. 14–15 6327: 6321: 6320:, pp. 86–89 6315: 6309: 6308: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6264: 6243: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6195: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6137: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6063: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5850: 5844: 5830: 5821: 5799: 5786: 5772: 5766: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5566: 5555: 5554: 5532: 5509: 5508:, pp. 75–76 5503: 5494: 5491: 5482: 5481: 5471: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5340: 5329: 5328: 5317:Washington, D.C. 5302: 5213: 5212: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5146: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5099: 5069: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5030: 5021: 5012: 4997: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4946: 4945: 4805: 4802: 4796: 4785:Volgograd Oblast 4780: 4768:Pig-sticking in 4765: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4732: 4459:Japanese culture 4448: 4445: 4440:Erymanthian boar 4205:Erymanthian Boar 4182:hunter gatherers 4163:P. E. Svinhufvud 4024:Balantidium coli 3847:Matagorda Island 3710:invasive species 3643: 3255:, alongside the 3168:Martes flavigula 3098:, brought on by 3001:poisonous plants 2738:Russian Far East 2587:gestation period 2578: 2577: 2555:female-dominated 2404:Richard Lydekker 2286:Papua New Guinea 2256:(Miller, 1906), 2252:(Miller, 1906), 2240:(Miller, 1906), 2232: 2205: 2161: 2109: 2087: 2037: 2029:S. s. riukiuanus 1889: 1870: 1845: 1837: 1811: 1792:(central Italy) 1760: 1735: 1732:(Ulmansky, 1911) 1728: 1720: 1694: 1669: 1661: 1638: 1605: 1577:(Miller, 1906), 1545: 1491: 1471:(Matschie, 1918) 1467: 1418: 1395: 1387: 1357: 1327:(Finsch, 1886), 1311:New Guinea pig: 1220:(Sanson, 1878), 1188:(Sanson, 1878), 1172:(Sanson, 1878), 1158: 1149:(Gmelin, 1788), 1137:(Pallas, 1811), 1106: 1065: 1064: 1029:S. s. riukiuanus 837: 829:Over seven years 828: 821: 812: 805: 800: 791: 784: 775: 768: 763: 754: 747: 742: 733: 726: 712: 679: 668: 634: 623: 578:boar–pig hybrids 507:invasive species 441: 427: 419: 411: 400: 385: 377: 369: 361: 350: 339: 327: 319: 308: 300: 243: 223: 120: 119: 99: 94: 93: 62: 39: 38: 15826: 15825: 15821: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15816: 15815: 15791:Mammals of Asia 15756: 15755: 15754: 15749: 15741: 15736: 15728: 15723: 15715: 15710: 15702: 15697: 15689: 15684: 15676: 15673:Observation.org 15671: 15663: 15661: 15653: 15648: 15640: 15635: 15627: 15622: 15614: 15609: 15601: 15596: 15588: 15583: 15575: 15570: 15562: 15557: 15549: 15544: 15536: 15531: 15523: 15518: 15510: 15505: 15497: 15492: 15484: 15479: 15471: 15466: 15458: 15453: 15445: 15440: 15432: 15430: 15422: 15417: 15409: 15404: 15395: 15394: 15389: 15380: 15379: 15374: 15361: 15351: 15338: 15315: 15291: 15254: 15228: 15186: 15122: 15096: 15072: 15048: 15011: 14978:S. philippensis 14915:S. ahoenobarbus 14897: 14889:Red river hog ( 14864: 14840: 14807: 14783: 14757:Buru babirusa ( 14728: 14702: 14694:Common duiker ( 14678: 14636: 14446: 14404: 14380: 14356: 14314: 14263: 14226: 14202: 14167: 14152:P. picticaudata 14125: 14065: 14041: 14035:G. subgutturosa 13954: 13903: 13879: 13855: 13818: 13807: 13785: 13752: 13744:Cape bushbuck ( 13737:T. strepsiceros 13666: 13665: 13663: 13640: 13616: 13592: 13487: 13479:Mountain anoa ( 13414: 13408:B. tragocamelus 13390: 13384:T. quadricornis 13353: 13342: 13324: 13291: 13267: 13223:Bighorn sheep ( 13189: 13165: 13141: 13133:Mountain goat ( 13117: 13109:Chinese goral ( 13066: 13042: 13027:C. sumatraensis 12991: 12974:Siberian ibex ( 12938:Domestic goat ( 12886: 12862: 12838: 12830:Barbary sheep ( 12810: 12799: 12781: 12769: 12757: 12741: 12704: 12671: 12647: 12614: 12577: 12540: 12503: 12461: 12388: 12364: 12338:Scimitar oryx ( 12313: 12296:Roan antelope ( 12267: 12261: 12239: 12197: 12189:Northern pudu ( 12163: 12155:Southern pudu ( 12145:Northern pudu ( 12129: 12105: 12081: 12046:Pygmy brocket ( 12028:Dwarf brocket ( 11985: 11952: 11928: 11895: 11871: 11834: 11774: 11723: 11699: 11666: 11640:Calamian deer ( 11615: 11609:D. mesopotamica 11582: 11558: 11552:M. vuquangensis 11550:Giant muntjac ( 11460:Fea's muntjac ( 11413: 11407: 11389: 11377: 11361: 11292: 11250: 11213: 11171:M. chrysogaster 11122: 11114:Masai giraffe ( 11071: 11034: 10997: 10983: 10945: 10938: 10908: 10903: 10884: 10853: 10760:Pinky and Perky 10754:Pink Floyd pigs 10687:Charlotte's Web 10555: 10551:Boar–pig hybrid 10511: 10502: 10472: 10383: 10311: 10295:Cross-fostering 10290:Gestation crate 10257: 10243: 10230: 10164: 10159: 10030: 10022: 10005: 9982: 9956: 9951:English Studies 9918: 9913:Wayback Machine 9886: 9884:Further reading 9876: 9857: 9838: 9822: 9817: 9816: 9768: 9764: 9754: 9752: 9739: 9738: 9734: 9691: 9687: 9636: 9629: 9584: 9577: 9516: 9509: 9446: 9442: 9436:Wayback Machine 9426: 9422: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9367: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9341: 9310: 9304: 9300: 9253: 9249: 9239: 9237: 9233: 9208: 9198: 9194: 9184: 9182: 9139: 9135: 9112:10.2307/2659696 9106:(2): 329–351 . 9096: 9092: 9082:Wayback Machine 9072: 9068: 9054:Wayback Machine 9043: 9039: 9023: 9019: 9011: 9007: 8991: 8987: 8983:, pp. 9–58 8979: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8941: 8937: 8925: 8921: 8905: 8901: 8885: 8878: 8867: 8856:Vedic Mythology 8851: 8847: 8840: 8826: 8822: 8807:Háskóla Íslands 8803: 8799: 8791: 8787: 8779: 8775: 8765: 8763: 8756: 8736: 8732: 8725: 8711: 8700: 8677: 8673: 8654: 8650: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8600: 8599: 8595: 8583: 8582: 8578: 8570: 8561: 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8487:Popular Science 8479: 8475: 8465: 8463: 8450: 8449: 8445: 8435: 8433: 8418: 8414: 8404: 8402: 8398: 8387: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8324: 8320: 8310: 8308: 8297: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8270: 8266: 8256: 8254: 8239: 8235: 8225: 8223: 8217: 8213: 8197: 8196: 8189: 8187: 8176: 8172: 8162: 8160: 8159:on 12 June 2007 8149: 8145: 8138:Wayback Machine 8127: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8023: 8019: 8009: 8007: 7997: 7993: 7982: 7978: 7964: 7962: 7947:Monbiot, George 7944: 7940: 7930: 7928: 7919: 7918: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7836: 7834: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7812: 7808: 7797:Linnaeus, 1758" 7789: 7785: 7775: 7773: 7772:on 4 March 2016 7764: 7763: 7759: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7725: 7721: 7715:Wayback Machine 7706: 7702: 7695: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7665: 7656: 7655: 7646: 7630: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7607: 7591: 7587: 7579: 7564: 7558: 7554: 7499: 7495: 7476: 7472: 7437: 7433: 7400: 7396: 7377: 7373: 7346: 7342: 7334: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7296: 7292: 7286:Current Science 7282:Wayback Machine 7272: 7268: 7215: 7211: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7121: 7120: 7116: 7100: 7096: 7088: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7061: 7054: 7044: 7042: 7033: 7032: 7028: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6933: 6929: 6921: 6914: 6906: 6895: 6887: 6883: 6875: 6871: 6863: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6792: 6788: 6741: 6737: 6692: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6609: 6603: 6599: 6590:Wayback Machine 6581: 6577: 6569: 6561: 6557: 6512: 6505: 6464:(38): 16135–8. 6450: 6446: 6440:Wayback Machine 6430: 6426: 6419: 6405: 6401: 6376:Wayback Machine 6367: 6363: 6353: 6351: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6265: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6135: 6129: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6098: 6094: 6083: 6079: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6019: 6015: 6005: 6003: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5924: 5920: 5907:Sus scrofa aper 5901: 5897: 5882: 5851: 5847: 5831: 5824: 5800: 5789: 5773: 5769: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5638: 5636: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5577:. p. 248. 5567: 5558: 5551: 5533: 5512: 5504: 5497: 5492: 5485: 5436: 5429: 5419: 5417: 5406:"Boar – mammal" 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5359: 5341: 5332: 5303: 5216: 5197: 5193: 5178: 5147: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5070: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5003:. Although the 4998: 4994: 4989: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4937: 4908: 4879: 4849:Belovezh forest 4817: 4810: 4803: 4797: 4788: 4781: 4772: 4766: 4757: 4754: 4748: 4739: 4733: 4575: 4569: 4497:Altai Uriankhai 4475:mountain people 4471:year of the Pig 4467:Oriental zodiac 4446: 4402:Charaka Samhita 4382:Hindu mythology 4378:Vedic mythology 4249:foundation myth 4235:to depart from 4190:Greek mythology 4110: 4105: 4006:Gastrodiscoides 3979: 3966: 3930: 3882: 3869:Tierpark Berlin 3862:Edwards Plateau 3851:San José Island 3845:and colonizing 3765:Hamilton County 3754:Sullivan County 3731: 3687: 3641: 3576:Gloucestershire 3567:and another in 3522: 3457: 3401:Altai Mountains 3309: 3304: 3253:Siberian tigers 3242:Panthera tigris 3223:Panthera pardus 3114: 2954:temperate zones 2818:) feeding on a 2816:S. s. cristatus 2808: 2789:Channel Islands 2645:, Sikkim, India 2635: 2630: 2617:sexual maturity 2575: 2574: 2551: 2361: 2349:Sus bucculentus 2329:Sus bucculentus 2325: 2270: 2181:(Heude, 1897), 2177:(Heude, 1892), 2173:(Heude, 1897), 2165:(Heude, 1888), 2142:S. s. sibiricus 2131:S. s. ussuricus 2060:S. s. sibiricus 1981:Blanford, 1875 1961:(Heude, 1892), 1957:(Heude, 1892), 1953:(Heude, 1892), 1949:(Heude, 1888), 1945:(Heude, 1892), 1941:(Heude, 1888), 1937:(Heude, 1892), 1933:(Heude, 1892), 1929:(Heude, 1888), 1925:(Heude, 1892), 1921:(Heude, 1892), 1917:(Heude, 1899), 1913:(Heude, 1888), 1909:(Heude, 1892), 1905:(Heude, 1892), 1901:(Heude, 1899), 1897:(Heude, 1888), 1893:(Heude, 1892), 1849:(Ströbel, 1882) 1843: 1778:specimens into 1734: 1726: 1667: 1665:(Nehring, 1885) 1641:Temminck, 1842 1561:(Blyth, 1860), 1483:S. s. cristatus 1407:Carpathian boar 1393: 1391:(Sclater, 1860) 1338: 1178:campanogallicus 1153: 1145:(Moore, 1870), 1109:Linnaeus, 1758 1096: 1041:S. s. ussuricus 1021:S. s. ussuricus 1017:S. s. sibiricus 1009:is low-skulled. 1003:S. s. cristatus 999:S. s. cristatus 922: 846: 707: 671:New High German 613:stems from the 594: 566:big-game animal 534:breeding season 463:common wild pig 436: 430: 425: 418:Rolleston, 1877 417: 406: 391: 383: 375: 367: 356: 345: 333: 326:Rosenberg, 1878 325: 314: 307:Rosenberg, 1878 306: 295: 289: 288: 266:Northern Canada 234: 225: 219: 206: 114: 106: 95: 91: 84: 53: 43: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15824: 15814: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15751: 15750: 15748: 15747: 15734: 15721: 15708: 15695: 15682: 15669: 15659: 15646: 15633: 15620: 15607: 15594: 15581: 15568: 15555: 15542: 15529: 15516: 15503: 15494:Fauna Europaea 15490: 15477: 15464: 15451: 15438: 15428: 15415: 15402: 15387: 15371: 15369: 15363: 15362: 15348: 15347: 15344: 15343: 15340: 15339: 15337: 15336: 15329: 15327: 15321: 15320: 15317: 15316: 15314: 15313: 15309:C. liberiensis 15303: 15301: 15293: 15292: 15290: 15289: 15283:Hippopotamus ( 15279: 15277: 15266: 15264:Hippopotamidae 15256: 15255: 15242: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15234: 15233: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15226: 15217: 15213:C. dromedarius 15208: 15198: 15196: 15188: 15187: 15185: 15184: 15175: 15166: 15157: 15147: 15145: 15134: 15124: 15123: 15110: 15109: 15106: 15105: 15102: 15101: 15098: 15097: 15095: 15094: 15084: 15082: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15060: 15058: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15046: 15036: 15034: 15023: 15017: 15016: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15009: 15000: 14996:S. timoriensis 14991: 14982: 14973: 14964: 14955: 14949:Domestic pig ( 14946: 14937: 14928: 14919: 14909: 14907: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14895: 14886: 14876: 14874: 14866: 14865: 14863: 14862: 14852: 14850: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14838: 14829: 14825:P. aethiopicus 14819: 14817: 14809: 14808: 14806: 14805: 14795: 14793: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14781: 14777:B. togeanensis 14772: 14763: 14753: 14751: 14740: 14730: 14729: 14716: 14715: 14712: 14711: 14708: 14707: 14704: 14703: 14701: 14700: 14690: 14688: 14680: 14679: 14677: 14676: 14667: 14658: 14648: 14646: 14638: 14637: 14635: 14634: 14628:Zebra duiker ( 14625: 14616: 14607: 14603:C. silvicultor 14598: 14589: 14580: 14571: 14562: 14556:Black duiker ( 14553: 14544: 14540:C. leucogaster 14535: 14526: 14517: 14508: 14499: 14490: 14481: 14471: 14469: 14458: 14452: 14451: 14448: 14447: 14445: 14444: 14435: 14429:Cape grysbok ( 14426: 14416: 14414: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14402: 14392: 14390: 14382: 14381: 14379: 14378: 14372:Klipspringer ( 14368: 14366: 14358: 14357: 14355: 14354: 14345: 14336: 14326: 14324: 14316: 14315: 14313: 14312: 14303: 14299:M. piacentinii 14294: 14285: 14275: 14273: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14261: 14251: 14249: 14238: 14232: 14231: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14224: 14214: 14212: 14204: 14203: 14201: 14200: 14190: 14188: 14177: 14173: 14172: 14169: 14168: 14166: 14165: 14161:P. przewalskii 14156: 14147: 14137: 14135: 14127: 14126: 14124: 14123: 14114: 14105: 14096: 14087: 14081:Dama gazelle ( 14077: 14075: 14067: 14066: 14064: 14063: 14053: 14051: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14039: 14030: 14021: 14015:Rhim gazelle ( 14012: 14003: 13994: 13985: 13976: 13966: 13964: 13956: 13955: 13953: 13952: 13943: 13934: 13925: 13915: 13913: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13901: 13891: 13889: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13873:A. marsupialis 13867: 13865: 13857: 13856: 13854: 13853: 13843: 13841: 13830: 13820: 13819: 13799: 13798: 13795: 13794: 13791: 13790: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13783: 13777:Common eland ( 13774: 13764: 13762: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13750: 13741: 13735:Greater kudu ( 13732: 13723: 13714: 13705: 13696: 13687: 13677: 13675: 13652: 13646: 13645: 13642: 13641: 13639: 13638: 13628: 13626: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13614: 13604: 13602: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13590: 13581: 13572: 13563: 13554: 13548:Domestic yak ( 13545: 13536: 13527: 13518: 13509: 13499: 13497: 13489: 13488: 13486: 13485: 13476: 13472:B. mindorensis 13467: 13461:Lowland anoa ( 13458: 13449: 13439: 13437: 13426: 13420: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13412: 13402: 13400: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13388: 13378: 13376: 13365: 13355: 13354: 13334: 13333: 13330: 13329: 13326: 13325: 13323: 13322: 13313: 13303: 13301: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13289: 13279: 13277: 13269: 13268: 13266: 13265: 13256: 13247: 13238: 13229: 13220: 13211: 13201: 13199: 13191: 13190: 13188: 13187: 13181:Nilgiri tahr ( 13177: 13175: 13167: 13166: 13164: 13163: 13153: 13151: 13143: 13142: 13140: 13139: 13129: 13127: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13115: 13106: 13097: 13088: 13078: 13076: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13064: 13054: 13052: 13044: 13043: 13041: 13040: 13034:Taiwan serow ( 13031: 13022: 13013: 13003: 13001: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12989: 12980: 12971: 12965:Iberian ibex ( 12962: 12953: 12944: 12935: 12926: 12917: 12908: 12898: 12896: 12888: 12887: 12885: 12884: 12874: 12872: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12860: 12854:Arabian tahr ( 12850: 12848: 12840: 12839: 12837: 12836: 12826: 12824: 12812: 12811: 12791: 12790: 12787: 12786: 12783: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12771: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12759: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12739: 12729: 12727: 12716: 12710: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12702: 12693: 12683: 12681: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12669: 12659: 12657: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12645: 12636: 12626: 12624: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12612: 12602: 12600: 12589: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12578: 12576: 12575: 12565: 12563: 12552: 12546: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12538: 12528: 12526: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12501: 12492: 12488:R. fulvorufula 12483: 12473: 12471: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12450: 12441: 12432: 12423: 12413: 12411: 12400: 12394: 12393: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12386: 12376: 12374: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12356:Arabian oryx ( 12353: 12344: 12335: 12325: 12323: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12311: 12302: 12292: 12290: 12279: 12269: 12268: 12253: 12252: 12249: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12237: 12233:O. virginianus 12228: 12219: 12209: 12207: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12195: 12186: 12176: 12174: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12161: 12152: 12141: 12139: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12117: 12115: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12103: 12099:O. bezoarticus 12093: 12091: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12079: 12070: 12061: 12052: 12043: 12039:M. gouazoubira 12037:Gray brocket ( 12034: 12025: 12016: 12007: 11997: 11995: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11983: 11974: 11964: 11962: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11950: 11940: 11938: 11930: 11929: 11927: 11926: 11917: 11907: 11905: 11897: 11896: 11894: 11893: 11883: 11881: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11869: 11859: 11857: 11846: 11840: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11832: 11823: 11814: 11805: 11796: 11792:C. albirostris 11786: 11784: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11772: 11763: 11754: 11745: 11735: 11733: 11725: 11724: 11722: 11721: 11711: 11709: 11701: 11700: 11698: 11697: 11688: 11678: 11676: 11668: 11667: 11665: 11664: 11655: 11646: 11637: 11627: 11625: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11613: 11604: 11594: 11592: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11580: 11576:E. cephalophus 11570: 11568: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11556: 11547: 11538: 11529: 11520: 11511: 11505:Leaf muntjac ( 11502: 11498:M. puhoatensis 11493: 11484: 11475: 11466: 11457: 11448: 11438: 11436: 11425: 11415: 11414: 11399: 11398: 11395: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11379: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11359: 11355:T. williamsoni 11350: 11341: 11332: 11323: 11314: 11304: 11302: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11281: 11272: 11262: 11260: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11248: 11238: 11236: 11225: 11219: 11218: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11211: 11207:M. moschiferus 11202: 11198:M. leucogaster 11193: 11184: 11175: 11166: 11162:M. berezovskii 11157: 11147: 11145: 11134: 11128: 11127: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11120: 11111: 11102: 11093: 11083: 11081: 11073: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11059: 11057: 11046: 11040: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11009: 11007:Antilocapridae 10999: 10998: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10979:Laurasiatheria 10975: 10969: 10963: 10957: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10937: 10936: 10929: 10922: 10914: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10901: 10899:Category: Pigs 10889: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10861: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10852: 10851: 10846: 10844:Hamilton Hocks 10841: 10836: 10829: 10822: 10815: 10808: 10801: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10777: 10770: 10763: 10756: 10751: 10750: 10749: 10739: 10732: 10725: 10718: 10711: 10704: 10697: 10690: 10683: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10662: 10655: 10648: 10641: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10612: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10569:Freddy the Pig 10565: 10563: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10525: 10523: 10513: 10512: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10411:Pig's trotters 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10308: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10254: 10253: 10248: 10240: 10238: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10228: 10225:Sus domesticus 10220: 10212: 10206: 10200: 10194: 10188: 10182: 10176: 10169: 10166: 10165: 10158: 10157: 10150: 10143: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10095: 10081: 10044: 10028: 10021: 10020:External links 10018: 10017: 10016: 10003: 9990: 9980: 9971: 9954: 9947: 9933: 9916: 9902: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9874: 9861: 9855: 9842: 9836: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9779:(3): 877–882. 9762: 9732: 9705:(4): 674–681. 9685: 9650:(4): 739–748. 9627: 9575: 9507: 9440: 9420: 9378:(2): 117–119. 9355: 9298: 9263:(5): 868–879. 9247: 9219:(2): 221–233. 9192: 9153:(4): 939–946. 9133: 9090: 9066: 9037: 9017: 9005: 8985: 8970: 8950: 8935: 8919: 8899: 8876: 8865: 8845: 8838: 8820: 8797: 8785: 8773: 8754: 8730: 8723: 8698: 8671: 8648: 8617: 8610: 8593: 8576: 8559: 8522:Acta Vet Scand 8504: 8473: 8443: 8412: 8376: 8345: 8318: 8291: 8264: 8233: 8211: 8170: 8143: 8110: 8080: 8052: 8031:Argyll Bute 24 8017: 7991: 7976: 7938: 7912: 7886: 7870: 7844: 7818: 7806: 7783: 7757: 7744: 7737: 7719: 7700: 7693: 7675: 7644: 7624: 7605: 7585: 7552: 7493: 7470: 7431: 7394: 7371: 7360:(4): 518–520. 7340: 7325: 7310:(3): 345–346. 7290: 7266: 7209: 7166: 7140: 7114: 7094: 7079: 7067: 7052: 7026: 6975: 6963: 6927: 6912: 6893: 6881: 6869: 6848: 6817: 6786: 6735: 6686: 6674: 6597: 6575: 6555: 6526:(4): 1785–91. 6503: 6444: 6424: 6417: 6399: 6391:Tayassu tajacu 6361: 6334: 6322: 6310: 6287: 6280: 6244: 6224: 6215: 6208: 6190: 6180: 6123: 6092: 6077: 6058: 6048: 6013: 5984: 5949: 5918: 5895: 5880: 5845: 5822: 5787: 5767: 5747: 5735: 5709: 5676: 5646: 5616: 5590: 5583: 5556: 5549: 5510: 5495: 5483: 5454:(3): 153–165. 5448:Int J Biol Sci 5427: 5397: 5364: 5357: 5330: 5214: 5191: 5176: 5110: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5039: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4963:Animals portal 4952: 4949:Mammals portal 4936: 4933: 4907: 4904: 4878: 4875: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4798: 4791: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4749: 4742: 4740: 4734: 4727: 4611:Ancient Greeks 4571:Main article: 4568: 4565: 4551:served as the 4543:. As with the 4535:. As with the 4533:Welsh heraldry 4353:Celtic deities 4313:, such as the 4165:from Luumäki ( 4140:Sevso Treasure 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4080:Pasteurellosis 4000:Metastrongylus 3978: 3975: 3965: 3962: 3944:, such as the 3929: 3926: 3881: 3878: 3839:Calhoun County 3835:San Diego Zoos 3808:South Carolina 3776:North Carolina 3750:Carl Hagenbeck 3730: 3727: 3686: 3683: 3652:George Monbiot 3622: 3621: 3610: 3607: 3584:Forest of Dean 3521: 3518: 3498:Wadi El Natrun 3456: 3453: 3417:Sea of Okhotsk 3365:Aegean Islands 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3213:Komodo dragons 3209:S. s. vittatus 3152:Panthera uncia 3113: 3110: 3088:bonnet macaque 2991:subspecies in 2937: 2936: 2890: 2872: 2858: 2807: 2804: 2734:Transcaucasian 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2550: 2547: 2501: 2500: 2494: 2480: 2441:Central Europe 2433:Eastern Europe 2360: 2357: 2345:Annamite Range 2324: 2321: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2248:(Mees, 1957), 2230: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2199: 2197:S. s. vittatus 2188: 2187: 2159: 2145: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2112:Swinhoe, 1863 2110: 2103: 2101:S. s. taivanus 2094: 2093: 2085: 2074: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048:Ryukyu Islands 2044: 2041: 2038: 2031: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2002:, the eastern 1993: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1975:S. s. nigripes 1968: 1967: 1887: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1864: 1853: 1852: 1841:(Thomas, 1912) 1835: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1805: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1787: 1764: 1761: 1754: 1743: 1742: 1739:(Bolkay, 1925) 1724:(Groves, 1981) 1718: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1688: 1682:Anatolian boar 1677: 1676: 1659: 1657:Ryukyu Islands 1645: 1642: 1639: 1632: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1599: 1588: 1587: 1569:(Gray, 1868), 1565:(Gray, 1843), 1553:(Gray, 1868), 1549:(Gray, 1847), 1543: 1518: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1474: 1473: 1465: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1412: 1403: 1402: 1385: 1372: 1365:junior synonym 1361: 1358: 1351: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1309: 1272:(Gray, 1868), 1256:(Gray, 1862), 1208:(Gray, 1847), 1159: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1100: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1055:S. s. vittatus 1048: 1033:S. s. taivanus 1010: 988: 969:S. s. nigripes 921: 918: 890:Villafranchian 888:. By the late 845: 842: 839: 838: 831: 826: 823:Grand old boar 818: 817: 815: 810: 802: 801: 794: 789: 781: 780: 778: 773: 765: 764: 757: 752: 744: 743: 736: 731: 723: 722: 719: 716: 706: 703: 602:Modern English 593: 590: 511:Southeast Asia 432: 431: 429: 428: 420: 412: 401: 386: 378: 370: 362: 351: 340: 328: 320: 309: 301: 286: 285: 284: 281: 280: 274: 273: 245: 244: 236: 235: 226: 215: 214: 208: 207: 203:S. scrofa 200: 198: 194: 193: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 108: 107: 89: 86: 85: 80: 77: 76: 64: 63: 55: 54: 44: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15823: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15744: 15739: 15735: 15731: 15726: 15722: 15718: 15713: 15709: 15705: 15700: 15696: 15692: 15687: 15683: 15679: 15674: 15670: 15666: 15660: 15656: 15651: 15647: 15643: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15625: 15621: 15617: 15612: 15608: 15604: 15599: 15595: 15591: 15586: 15582: 15578: 15573: 15569: 15565: 15560: 15556: 15552: 15547: 15543: 15539: 15534: 15530: 15526: 15521: 15517: 15513: 15508: 15504: 15500: 15495: 15491: 15487: 15482: 15478: 15474: 15469: 15465: 15461: 15456: 15452: 15448: 15443: 15439: 15435: 15429: 15425: 15420: 15416: 15412: 15407: 15403: 15398: 15392: 15388: 15383: 15377: 15373: 15372: 15370: 15368: 15364: 15360: 15355: 15335: 15331: 15330: 15328: 15326: 15322: 15312: 15310: 15305: 15304: 15302: 15300: 15299: 15294: 15288: 15286: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15276: 15275: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15261: 15257: 15253: 15247: 15243: 15225: 15223: 15218: 15216: 15214: 15209: 15207: 15205: 15204:C. bactrianus 15200: 15199: 15197: 15195: 15194: 15189: 15183: 15181: 15176: 15174: 15172: 15167: 15165: 15163: 15158: 15156: 15154: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15144: 15143: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15129: 15125: 15121: 15115: 15111: 15093: 15091: 15086: 15085: 15083: 15081: 15080: 15075: 15069: 15067: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15057: 15056: 15051: 15045: 15043: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15033: 15032: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15018: 15008: 15006: 15005:S. verrucosus 15001: 14999: 14997: 14992: 14990: 14988: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14974: 14972: 14970: 14965: 14963: 14961: 14956: 14954: 14952: 14951:S. domesticus 14947: 14945: 14943: 14942:S. celebensis 14938: 14936: 14934: 14929: 14927: 14925: 14920: 14918: 14916: 14911: 14910: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14900: 14894: 14892: 14887: 14885: 14883: 14878: 14877: 14875: 14873: 14872: 14871:Potamochoerus 14867: 14861: 14859: 14854: 14853: 14851: 14849: 14848: 14843: 14837: 14835: 14830: 14828: 14826: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14816: 14815: 14810: 14804: 14802: 14797: 14796: 14794: 14792: 14791: 14786: 14780: 14778: 14773: 14771: 14769: 14768:B. celebensis 14764: 14762: 14760: 14755: 14754: 14752: 14750: 14749: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14721: 14717: 14699: 14697: 14692: 14691: 14689: 14687: 14686: 14681: 14675: 14673: 14668: 14666: 14664: 14659: 14657: 14655: 14652:Blue duiker ( 14650: 14649: 14647: 14645: 14644: 14639: 14633: 14631: 14626: 14624: 14622: 14617: 14615: 14613: 14608: 14606: 14604: 14599: 14597: 14595: 14590: 14588: 14586: 14581: 14579: 14577: 14572: 14570: 14568: 14567:C. nigrifrons 14563: 14561: 14559: 14554: 14552: 14550: 14549:C. natalensis 14545: 14543: 14541: 14536: 14534: 14532: 14527: 14525: 14523: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14509: 14507: 14505: 14500: 14498: 14496: 14495:C. callipygus 14491: 14489: 14487: 14482: 14480: 14478: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14468: 14467: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14453: 14443: 14441: 14436: 14434: 14432: 14427: 14425: 14423: 14422:R. campestris 14418: 14417: 14415: 14413: 14412: 14407: 14401: 14399: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14388: 14383: 14377: 14375: 14374:O. oreotragus 14370: 14369: 14367: 14365: 14364: 14359: 14353: 14351: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14337: 14335: 14333: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14323: 14322: 14317: 14311: 14309: 14304: 14302: 14300: 14295: 14293: 14291: 14286: 14284: 14282: 14277: 14276: 14274: 14272: 14271: 14266: 14260: 14258: 14253: 14252: 14250: 14248: 14247: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14233: 14223: 14221: 14216: 14215: 14213: 14211: 14210: 14205: 14199: 14197: 14192: 14191: 14189: 14187: 14186: 14181: 14178: 14174: 14164: 14162: 14157: 14155: 14153: 14148: 14146: 14144: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14133: 14128: 14122: 14120: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14097: 14095: 14093: 14088: 14086: 14084: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14074: 14073: 14068: 14062: 14060: 14055: 14054: 14052: 14050: 14049: 14044: 14038: 14036: 14031: 14029: 14027: 14022: 14020: 14018: 14017:G. leptoceros 14013: 14011: 14009: 14004: 14002: 14000: 13995: 13993: 13991: 13986: 13984: 13982: 13977: 13975: 13973: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13951: 13949: 13944: 13942: 13940: 13935: 13933: 13931: 13926: 13924: 13922: 13921:E. albonotata 13917: 13916: 13914: 13912: 13911: 13906: 13900: 13898: 13897:A. cervicapra 13893: 13892: 13890: 13888: 13887: 13882: 13876: 13874: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13852: 13850: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13840: 13839: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13825: 13821: 13815: 13811: 13804: 13800: 13782: 13780: 13775: 13773: 13771: 13768:Giant eland ( 13766: 13765: 13763: 13761: 13760: 13755: 13749: 13747: 13746:T. sylvaticus 13742: 13740: 13738: 13733: 13731: 13729: 13724: 13722: 13720: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13708:Lesser kudu ( 13706: 13704: 13702: 13697: 13695: 13693: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13670: 13662: 13661: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13647: 13637: 13635: 13630: 13629: 13627: 13625: 13624: 13619: 13613: 13611: 13606: 13605: 13603: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13589: 13587: 13582: 13580: 13578: 13573: 13571: 13569: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13555: 13553: 13551: 13546: 13544: 13542: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13528: 13526: 13524: 13523:B. domesticus 13521:Bali cattle ( 13519: 13517: 13515: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13495: 13490: 13484: 13482: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13468: 13466: 13464: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13421: 13411: 13409: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13399: 13398: 13393: 13387: 13385: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13375: 13374: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13350: 13346: 13339: 13335: 13321: 13319: 13314: 13312: 13310: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13300: 13299: 13294: 13288: 13286: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13275: 13270: 13264: 13262: 13257: 13255: 13253: 13248: 13246: 13244: 13239: 13237: 13235: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13225:O. canadensis 13221: 13219: 13217: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13203: 13202: 13200: 13198: 13197: 13192: 13186: 13184: 13179: 13178: 13176: 13174: 13173: 13172:Nilgiritragus 13168: 13162: 13160: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13149: 13144: 13138: 13136: 13135:O. americanus 13131: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13125: 13120: 13114: 13112: 13107: 13105: 13103: 13098: 13096: 13094: 13089: 13087: 13085: 13080: 13079: 13077: 13075: 13074: 13069: 13063: 13061: 13060:H. jemlahicus 13056: 13055: 13053: 13051: 13050: 13045: 13039: 13037: 13032: 13030: 13028: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13014: 13012: 13010: 13005: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12999: 12994: 12988: 12986: 12981: 12979: 12977: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12963: 12961: 12959: 12956:Nubian ibex ( 12954: 12952: 12950: 12947:Alpine ibex ( 12945: 12943: 12941: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12927: 12925: 12923: 12918: 12916: 12914: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12894: 12889: 12883: 12881: 12876: 12875: 12873: 12871: 12870: 12865: 12859: 12857: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12841: 12835: 12833: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12813: 12807: 12803: 12796: 12792: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12764: 12760: 12754: 12752: 12748: 12738: 12736: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12726: 12725: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12714:Pantholopinae 12711: 12701: 12699: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12685: 12684: 12682: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12668: 12666: 12665:A. buselaphus 12661: 12660: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12650: 12644: 12642: 12637: 12635: 12633: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12611: 12609: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12598: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12584: 12574: 12572: 12569:Grey rhebok ( 12567: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12561: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12547: 12537: 12535: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12524: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12513:Aepycerotinae 12510: 12500: 12498: 12493: 12491: 12489: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12456: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12444:Nile lechwe ( 12442: 12440: 12438: 12433: 12431: 12429: 12424: 12422: 12420: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12409: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12395: 12385: 12383: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12372: 12367: 12361: 12359: 12354: 12352: 12350: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12336: 12334: 12332: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12321: 12316: 12310: 12308: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12294: 12293: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12277:Hippotraginae 12274: 12270: 12265: 12258: 12254: 12236: 12234: 12229: 12227: 12225: 12220: 12218: 12216: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12205: 12200: 12194: 12192: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12166: 12160: 12158: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12137: 12132: 12126: 12124: 12123:B. dichotomus 12119: 12118: 12116: 12114: 12113: 12108: 12102: 12100: 12097:Pampas deer ( 12095: 12094: 12092: 12090: 12089: 12084: 12078: 12076: 12071: 12069: 12067: 12062: 12060: 12058: 12057:M. nemorivaga 12053: 12051: 12049: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12035: 12033: 12031: 12026: 12024: 12022: 12017: 12015: 12013: 12008: 12006: 12004: 12001:Red brocket ( 11999: 11998: 11996: 11994: 11993: 11988: 11982: 11980: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11970:H. antisensis 11966: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11949: 11947: 11942: 11941: 11939: 11937: 11936: 11931: 11925: 11923: 11918: 11916: 11914: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11898: 11892: 11890: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11880: 11879: 11874: 11868: 11866: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11855: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11841: 11831: 11829: 11824: 11822: 11820: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11810:C. canadensis 11806: 11804: 11802: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11783: 11782: 11777: 11771: 11769: 11764: 11762: 11760: 11759:R. timorensis 11755: 11753: 11751: 11746: 11744: 11742: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11731: 11726: 11720: 11718: 11717:E. davidianus 11713: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11707: 11702: 11696: 11694: 11689: 11687: 11685: 11684:R. duvaucelii 11680: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11674: 11669: 11663: 11661: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11649:Bawean deer ( 11647: 11645: 11643: 11638: 11636: 11634: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11623: 11618: 11612: 11610: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11590: 11585: 11579: 11577: 11574:Tufted deer ( 11572: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11566: 11561: 11555: 11553: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11539: 11537: 11535: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11512: 11510: 11508: 11507:M. putaoensis 11503: 11501: 11499: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11467: 11465: 11463: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11453:M. crinifrons 11449: 11447: 11445: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11434: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11411: 11404: 11400: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11374: 11372: 11368: 11358: 11356: 11351: 11349: 11347: 11346:T. versicolor 11342: 11340: 11338: 11333: 11331: 11329: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11301: 11300: 11295: 11289: 11287: 11282: 11280: 11278: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11247: 11245: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11234: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11220: 11210: 11208: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11176: 11174: 11172: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11153:M. anhuiensis 11149: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11143: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11129: 11119: 11117: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11107:G. reticulata 11103: 11101: 11099: 11094: 11092: 11090: 11085: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11079: 11074: 11068: 11066: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11055: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11041: 11031: 11029: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11018: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10990: 10986: 10980: 10976: 10974: 10970: 10968: 10964: 10962: 10958: 10956: 10952: 10951: 10948: 10943: 10935: 10930: 10928: 10923: 10921: 10916: 10915: 10912: 10900: 10891: 10890: 10887: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10856: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10834: 10830: 10828: 10827: 10823: 10821: 10820: 10816: 10813: 10809: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10800: 10799: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10782: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10771: 10769: 10768: 10764: 10762: 10761: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10748: 10745: 10744: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10733: 10731: 10730: 10726: 10724: 10723: 10719: 10717: 10716: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10705: 10703: 10702: 10698: 10696: 10695: 10694:The Sheep-Pig 10691: 10689: 10688: 10684: 10682: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10668: 10667: 10663: 10661: 10660: 10656: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10647: 10646: 10642: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10591: 10590:Pigs in Space 10587: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10558: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10530: 10527: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10514: 10509: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10386: 10382: 10381: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10310: 10309: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10260: 10256: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10246: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10233: 10227: 10226: 10221: 10219: 10218: 10213: 10211: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10187: 10183: 10181: 10177: 10175: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10163: 10156: 10151: 10149: 10144: 10142: 10137: 10136: 10133: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10106: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10093: 10089: 10087: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10045: 10041: 10040: 10034: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10000: 9996: 9991: 9988: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9972: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9946: 9945:0-8139-3103-7 9942: 9938: 9934: 9932: 9928: 9924: 9917: 9914: 9910: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9896: 9895:L.) in Italy" 9894: 9888: 9887: 9877: 9871: 9867: 9862: 9858: 9852: 9848: 9843: 9839: 9833: 9829: 9824: 9823: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9766: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9736: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9689: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9641: 9634: 9632: 9623: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9598:(8): e02379. 9597: 9593: 9589: 9582: 9580: 9571: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9514: 9512: 9503: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9444: 9437: 9433: 9430: 9424: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9366: 9359: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9251: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9207: 9205: 9196: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9137: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9063:1-904871-60-7 9060: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9048: 9041: 9035: 9034:0-313-32147-7 9031: 9027: 9021: 9014: 9009: 9003: 9002:0-9524390-6-9 8999: 8995: 8989: 8982: 8977: 8975: 8968: 8967:1-85109-358-3 8964: 8960: 8954: 8947: 8946: 8939: 8932: 8930: 8923: 8917: 8916:0-295-98112-1 8913: 8909: 8903: 8897: 8896:0-19-925518-0 8893: 8889: 8883: 8881: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8849: 8841: 8839:1-134-66531-8 8835: 8831: 8824: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8801: 8795:, pp. 16 8794: 8789: 8782: 8777: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8742: 8734: 8726: 8724:1-884964-98-2 8720: 8716: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8675: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8621: 8613: 8611:951-773-085-3 8607: 8603: 8597: 8589: 8588: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8555: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8517: 8508: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8477: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8416: 8397: 8393: 8386: 8380: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8322: 8306: 8302: 8295: 8279: 8275: 8268: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8237: 8222: 8215: 8207: 8201: 8185: 8181: 8174: 8158: 8154: 8147: 8140: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8069: 8064: 8056: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8021: 8006: 8002: 7995: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7926: 7922: 7916: 7900: 7897:. BBC. 1970. 7896: 7890: 7883: 7879: 7874: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7815: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7796: 7787: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7754: 7748: 7740: 7738:951-0-29101-3 7734: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7712: 7709: 7704: 7696: 7694:951-45-4760-8 7690: 7686: 7679: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7642: 7641:3-11-025458-1 7638: 7634: 7628: 7612: 7608: 7606:9780226736570 7602: 7598: 7597: 7589: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7563: 7556: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7497: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7474: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7435: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7375: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7332: 7330: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7294: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7270: 7262: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7059: 7057: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6972: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6931: 6925:, pp. 28 6924: 6919: 6917: 6910:, pp. 29 6909: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6891:, pp. 28 6890: 6885: 6879:, pp. 26 6878: 6873: 6866: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6821: 6805: 6801: 6800:IUCN Red List 6797: 6790: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6739: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6706:(6623): 335. 6705: 6701: 6697: 6690: 6684:, pp. 87 6683: 6678: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6579: 6568: 6567: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6510: 6508: 6499: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6428: 6420: 6418:9781931707091 6414: 6410: 6403: 6397:", 2007-4-30. 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6365: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6300: 6291: 6283: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6242: 6241:0-12-408355-2 6238: 6234: 6228: 6219: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6184: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6096: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6052: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5962: 5961:Sus europaeus 5953: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5908: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5842:0-521-34178-7 5839: 5835: 5829: 5827: 5820: 5819:2-8317-0141-4 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5785: 5784:0-521-63495-4 5781: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5745:, pp. 24 5744: 5739: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5586: 5584:0-8130-0621-X 5580: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5552: 5550:3-540-43804-1 5546: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5507: 5502: 5500: 5490: 5488: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5443: 5434: 5432: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5360: 5358:2-8317-0141-4 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5210: 5206: 5204: 5195: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5077: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5059: 5043: 5035: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4992: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4928: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4821: 4809: 4808:Danube Valley 4795: 4790: 4786: 4783:Boar shot in 4779: 4774: 4771: 4770:British India 4764: 4759: 4746: 4741: 4738: 4731: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4663:deforestation 4660: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4502:Kyrgyz people 4498: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4447: 550 BC 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4336:According to 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4283:Clan Campbell 4281: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4175:Indo-European 4168: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4121: 4120:cave painting 4118: 4114: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4046:Rhipicephalus 4042: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4018:Taenia solium 4014: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3988: 3983: 3974: 3970: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3898:South America 3891: 3886: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3858: 3857:, Louisiana. 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3812:West Virginia 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3792:Carmel Valley 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3746:Austin Corbin 3743: 3742:New Hampshire 3738: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3647:Farming Today 3639: 3635: 3634:Monmouthshire 3631: 3626: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3580:Herefordshire 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3455:Present range 3452: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3393:Baraba steppe 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3351:valley up to 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3329:Sunda Islands 3326: 3322: 3321:British Isles 3318: 3314: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3292:Komodo dragon 3289: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3197:in the area. 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148:snow leopards 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3132:Eurasian lynx 3126: 3122: 3118: 3109: 3108:) as a pack. 3107: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068:Caspian roach 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3046:like newborn 3045: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958:carbohydrates 2955: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885:, along with 2884: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754:Transbaikalia 2751: 2747: 2746:Mongolian oak 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702:mixed forests 2699: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:honey badgers 2529: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2503:Its sense of 2498: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2477:Contact calls 2475: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2462:Lake Balkhash 2457: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2383: 2373: 2365: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2274: 2268:Domestication 2260:(Heude, 1899) 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2185:(Heude, 1897) 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:continentalis 2164: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098:Formosan boar 2096: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2082:Transbaikalia 2079: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2066:Staffe, 1922 2065: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2040:Kuroda, 1924 2039: 2036: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014:and possibly 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965:(Heude, 1888) 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:chirodonticus 1896: 1892: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1786:is doubtful. 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1766:Smaller than 1765: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1748:Maremman boar 1745: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1731: 1730:mediterraneus 1723: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704:Transcaucasia 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1686:S. s. libycus 1684: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1673:(Heude, 1899) 1672: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626:Japanese boar 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1608:Groves, 1981 1607: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1585:(Blyth, 1851) 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1501:black unlike 1500: 1496: 1494:Wagner, 1839 1493: 1490: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1461:and northern 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451:Transcaucasia 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1421:Thomas, 1912 1420: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274:sennaariensis 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 989: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 961:S. s. lybicus 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 939: 938: 937: 931: 926: 917: 915: 911: 907: 906: 905:S. verrucosus 901: 900: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856: 850: 836: 832: 827: 824: 820: 819: 816: 811: 808: 804: 803: 799: 795: 790: 787: 783: 782: 779: 774: 771: 767: 766: 762: 758: 753: 750: 746: 745: 741: 737: 732: 729: 725: 724: 720: 717: 714: 713: 710: 702: 700: 696: 695: 689: 687: 683: 678: 677: 672: 667: 666: 665: 658: 657: 652: 648: 644: 640: 638: 633: 632: 627: 626:West Germanic 622: 621: 616: 612: 611: 607: 603: 599: 598:Great Britain 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 564:breeds and a 563: 559: 555: 554:Komodo dragon 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 530:lacrimal bone 527: 522: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 503:IUCN Red List 500: 499:least concern 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 455: 450: 424: 421: 416: 413: 409: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 387: 382: 379: 374: 371: 366: 363: 359: 355: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 332: 329: 324: 321: 317: 313: 310: 305: 302: 298: 294: 291: 290: 282: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 242: 237: 233: 229: 224: 222: 216: 213: 212:Binomial name 209: 205: 204: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 144: 143: 140: 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 124: 123: 118: 113: 109: 103: 98: 97:Least Concern 87: 83: 78: 74: 70: 65: 61: 56: 52: 48: 40: 37: 33: 26: 22: 15366: 15308: 15296: 15285:H. amphibius 15284: 15274:Hippopotamus 15272: 15252:Whippomorpha 15221: 15212: 15203: 15191: 15179: 15170: 15161: 15152: 15140: 15089: 15077: 15065: 15053: 15041: 15029: 15004: 14995: 14986: 14984: 14977: 14968: 14959: 14950: 14941: 14933:S. cebifrons 14932: 14923: 14914: 14902: 14890: 14881: 14869: 14857: 14845: 14834:P. africanus 14833: 14824: 14814:Phacochoerus 14812: 14800: 14788: 14776: 14767: 14759:B. babyrussa 14758: 14746: 14695: 14683: 14671: 14663:P. maxwellii 14662: 14654:P. monticola 14653: 14641: 14629: 14620: 14611: 14602: 14594:C. rufilatus 14593: 14584: 14575: 14566: 14557: 14548: 14539: 14530: 14521: 14512: 14511:Bay duiker ( 14504:C. crusalbum 14503: 14494: 14485: 14476: 14464: 14456:Cephalophini 14439: 14431:R. melanotis 14430: 14421: 14409: 14397: 14385: 14373: 14361: 14349: 14341:N. moschatus 14340: 14331: 14319: 14307: 14298: 14289: 14281:M. guentheri 14280: 14268: 14257:D. megalotis 14256: 14244: 14219: 14207: 14196:P. hodgsonii 14195: 14183: 14160: 14151: 14143:P. gutturosa 14142: 14130: 14118: 14109: 14100: 14091: 14082: 14070: 14058: 14046: 14034: 14025: 14016: 14007: 13999:G. erlangeri 13998: 13989: 13980: 13972:G. bennettii 13971: 13959: 13947: 13939:E. thomsonii 13938: 13930:E. rufifrons 13929: 13920: 13908: 13896: 13884: 13872: 13860: 13848: 13836: 13778: 13770:T. derbianus 13769: 13757: 13745: 13736: 13727: 13718: 13709: 13701:T. eurycerus 13700: 13691: 13682: 13658: 13650:Tragelaphini 13633: 13621: 13609: 13597: 13585: 13576: 13568:B. javanicus 13567: 13558: 13550:B. grunniens 13549: 13540: 13532:B. frontalis 13531: 13522: 13513: 13504: 13492: 13480: 13471: 13462: 13453: 13444: 13432: 13407: 13395: 13383: 13371: 13318:R. rupicapra 13317: 13309:R. pyrenaica 13308: 13296: 13284: 13272: 13260: 13251: 13250:Snow sheep ( 13242: 13233: 13232:Dall sheep ( 13224: 13215: 13206: 13194: 13183:N. hylocrius 13182: 13170: 13159:O. moschatus 13158: 13146: 13134: 13122: 13110: 13101: 13092: 13083: 13071: 13059: 13047: 13035: 13026: 13017: 13008: 12996: 12984: 12983:Walia ibex ( 12975: 12967:C. pyrenaica 12966: 12957: 12948: 12939: 12931:C. falconeri 12930: 12921: 12912: 12903: 12891: 12880:B. taxicolor 12879: 12867: 12855: 12843: 12831: 12819: 12735:P. hodgsonii 12734: 12722: 12697: 12688: 12678:Connochaetes 12676: 12664: 12663:Hartebeest ( 12652: 12640: 12631: 12619: 12607: 12595: 12587:Alcelaphinae 12571:P. capreolus 12570: 12558: 12533: 12521: 12496: 12487: 12479:R. arundinum 12478: 12466: 12454: 12446:K. megaceros 12445: 12436: 12427: 12418: 12406: 12381: 12369: 12357: 12348: 12339: 12330: 12318: 12306: 12297: 12285: 12232: 12223: 12214: 12202: 12190: 12181: 12168: 12156: 12146: 12134: 12122: 12121:Marsh deer ( 12110: 12098: 12086: 12074: 12065: 12056: 12047: 12038: 12029: 12020: 12011: 12003:M. americana 12002: 11990: 11978: 11969: 11959:Hippocamelus 11957: 11945: 11933: 11921: 11913:C. capreolus 11912: 11900: 11888: 11887:Water deer ( 11876: 11864: 11852: 11827: 11818: 11809: 11800: 11791: 11779: 11767: 11758: 11750:R. mariannus 11749: 11740: 11728: 11716: 11704: 11692: 11691:Eld's deer ( 11683: 11682:Barasingha ( 11671: 11659: 11650: 11641: 11632: 11620: 11608: 11599: 11587: 11575: 11563: 11551: 11543:M. vaginalis 11542: 11533: 11524: 11515: 11506: 11497: 11488: 11479: 11470: 11461: 11452: 11444:M. atherodes 11443: 11431: 11354: 11345: 11337:T. nigricans 11336: 11327: 11318: 11310:T. javanicus 11309: 11297: 11285: 11276: 11267: 11255: 11244:H. aquaticus 11243: 11231: 11206: 11197: 11188: 11179: 11170: 11161: 11152: 11140: 11115: 11106: 11097: 11088: 11076: 11065:O. johnstoni 11064: 11052: 11028:A. americana 11027: 11015: 10977:Superorder: 10971:Infraclass: 10942:Artiodactyla 10831: 10824: 10817: 10803: 10796: 10779: 10772: 10765: 10758: 10734: 10727: 10720: 10713: 10706: 10699: 10692: 10685: 10678: 10664: 10657: 10650: 10643: 10614: 10528: 10516: 10347:Chitterlings 10223: 10215: 10192:Artiodactyla 10099: 10085: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10037: 9994: 9986: 9983:(in Italian) 9974: 9960: 9950: 9936: 9922: 9901:a, 3:213–221 9898: 9892: 9865: 9847:Il Cinghiale 9846: 9830:. Könemann. 9827: 9820:Bibliography 9776: 9772: 9765: 9753:. Retrieved 9744: 9735: 9702: 9698: 9688: 9647: 9643: 9595: 9591: 9527: 9523: 9457: 9453: 9443: 9423: 9411:. Retrieved 9404:the original 9375: 9371: 9358: 9346:. Retrieved 9321:(2): 89–91. 9318: 9314: 9301: 9260: 9256: 9250: 9238:. Retrieved 9216: 9212: 9203: 9195: 9185:25 September 9183:. Retrieved 9150: 9146: 9136: 9103: 9099: 9093: 9085: 9069: 9045: 9040: 9025: 9020: 9013:Scheggi 1999 9008: 8993: 8988: 8981:Scheggi 1999 8958: 8953: 8944: 8938: 8927: 8922: 8907: 8902: 8887: 8871:the original 8855: 8848: 8829: 8823: 8806: 8800: 8793:Scheggi 1999 8788: 8781:Scheggi 1999 8776: 8764:. Retrieved 8740: 8733: 8714: 8693:the original 8688: 8684: 8674: 8666:the original 8661: 8651: 8630: 8620: 8601: 8596: 8585: 8579: 8574:, p. 63 8572:Cabanau 2001 8525: 8521: 8515: 8507: 8495:. Retrieved 8486: 8476: 8464:. Retrieved 8455: 8446: 8434:. Retrieved 8425: 8415: 8403:. Retrieved 8394:. May 2020. 8391: 8379: 8367:. Retrieved 8358: 8348: 8336:. Retrieved 8321: 8309:. Retrieved 8294: 8282:. Retrieved 8278:the original 8267: 8255:. Retrieved 8236: 8224:. Retrieved 8214: 8188:. Retrieved 8184:the original 8173: 8161:. Retrieved 8157:the original 8146: 8129: 8101:. Retrieved 8092: 8083: 8071:. Retrieved 8067: 8055: 8043:. Retrieved 8030: 8020: 8008:. Retrieved 8004: 7994: 7979: 7970: 7965:16 September 7963:. Retrieved 7955:The Guardian 7954: 7941: 7929:. Retrieved 7915: 7903:. Retrieved 7889: 7882:The Forester 7881: 7873: 7861:. Retrieved 7847: 7835:. Retrieved 7821: 7809: 7800: 7794: 7786: 7774:. Retrieved 7770:the original 7760: 7752: 7747: 7728: 7722: 7717:(in Finnish) 7703: 7684: 7678: 7666:. Retrieved 7632: 7627: 7615:. Retrieved 7595: 7588: 7577:the original 7572: 7568: 7555: 7523:): 496–503. 7512: 7506: 7496: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7434: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7397: 7388: 7384: 7374: 7357: 7353: 7350:Cuon alpinus 7349: 7343: 7316:. Retrieved 7307: 7303: 7293: 7285: 7269: 7226: 7222: 7212: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7157:. Retrieved 7143: 7131:. Retrieved 7117: 7102: 7097: 7070: 7043:. Retrieved 7029: 6992: 6988: 6978: 6971:Scheggi 1999 6966: 6941: 6937: 6930: 6923:Cabanau 2001 6908:Cabanau 2001 6884: 6872: 6839:. Retrieved 6834: 6830: 6820: 6808:. Retrieved 6799: 6789: 6757:(7086): E7. 6754: 6748: 6738: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6682:Scheggi 1999 6677: 6665:. Retrieved 6617: 6613: 6600: 6593: 6578: 6565: 6558: 6523: 6519: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6427: 6408: 6402: 6390: 6382: 6364: 6352:. Retrieved 6348:the original 6337: 6325: 6318:Scheggi 1999 6313: 6304: 6298: 6290: 6271: 6232: 6227: 6218: 6199: 6193: 6183: 6171:. Retrieved 6146:(1): 59–74. 6143: 6139: 6126: 6114:. Retrieved 6105: 6095: 6086: 6080: 6071: 6061: 6051: 6039:. Retrieved 6030: 6026: 6016: 6004:. Retrieved 5994: 5987: 5975:. Retrieved 5966: 5960: 5952: 5940:. Retrieved 5931: 5921: 5912: 5906: 5898: 5870: 5866:Wilson, D.E. 5859: 5858:"Subspecies 5848: 5833: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5775: 5770: 5755: 5750: 5743:Cabanau 2001 5738: 5726:. Retrieved 5712: 5700:. Retrieved 5689: 5679: 5667:. Retrieved 5658: 5649: 5637:. Retrieved 5628: 5619: 5607:. Retrieved 5593: 5570: 5536: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5418:. Retrieved 5409: 5400: 5388:. Retrieved 5379: 5348: 5344: 5312: 5307: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5166: 5162:Wilson, D.E. 5155: 5101:. Retrieved 5087: 5081: 5075: 5042: 5031:derive from 4995: 4976:Boar-baiting 4929: 4925: 4913: 4909: 4892: 4880: 4871: 4862: 4826: 4689: 4687: 4679: 4647: 4643:Saint George 4622: 4604: 4573:Boar hunting 4518: 4491: 4487:Meiji period 4478: 4456: 4388:has the god 4375: 4368: 4335: 4304: 4225:Hyperboreans 4201:third labour 4186:Göbekli Tepe 4172: 4166: 4136:Lake Balaton 4078: 4067:Swine plague 4065: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3971: 3967: 3953: 3945: 3931: 3895: 3866: 3859: 3823:Leon Springs 3820: 3773: 3762: 3739: 3732: 3723:pseudorabies 3707: 3676: 3660: 3645: 3627: 3623: 3573: 3534: 3502: 3458: 3335:to southern 3315:and much of 3313:North Africa 3310: 3295: 3277: 3265:Sikhote Alin 3260: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3231:Ovis gmelini 3230: 3222: 3217: 3208: 3191:Cuon alpinus 3190: 3178: 3172: 3167: 3160:Ursus arctos 3159: 3151: 3143: 3135: 3129: 3103: 3041: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2988: 2938: 2913:insectivores 2881:, twigs and 2829: 2823: 2815: 2793: 2770: 2766:Turkmenistan 2726:broad-leaved 2691: 2683:Central Asia 2661:from boreal 2656: 2604: 2572: 2567:S. s. scrofa 2566: 2552: 2543:α-neurotoxin 2521: 2517:color vision 2502: 2497:Combat calls 2496: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2471: 2458: 2421: 2416:Hans Hoffman 2386: 2382:canine teeth 2378: 2352: 2348: 2328: 2326: 2314: 2298:domesticated 2279: 2257: 2253: 2250:peninsularis 2249: 2246:pallidiloris 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2196: 2191: 2182: 2179:mandchuricus 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2141: 2137:Heude, 1888 2130: 2127: 2100: 2097: 2088: 2059: 2056: 2028: 2025: 1990:S. s. attila 1989: 1986:S. s. scrofa 1985: 1974: 1971: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1883:and west to 1861: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1838: 1819:S. s. scrofa 1818: 1802: 1799: 1784:S. s. scrofa 1783: 1780:S. s. majori 1779: 1776:S. s. scrofa 1775: 1772:S. s. scrofa 1771: 1768:S. s. scrofa 1767: 1752:S. s. majori 1751: 1746: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1721: 1685: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1662: 1629: 1624: 1597:S. s. davidi 1596: 1591: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1515:S. s. scrofa 1514: 1511:S. s. scrofa 1510: 1507:S. s. scrofa 1506: 1503:S. s. davidi 1502: 1482: 1477: 1468: 1426:S. s. scrofa 1425: 1410:S. s. attila 1409: 1406: 1396: 1394: 1388: 1369:S. s. scrofa 1368: 1360:Loche, 1867 1349:S. s. algira 1348: 1343: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1270:sennaarensis 1269: 1266:sennaarensis 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1162:domestic pig 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1122: 1094:S. s. scrofa 1093: 1088: 1077:Description 1054: 1050: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007:S. s. davidi 1006: 1002: 998: 995:S. s. davidi 994: 990: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 965:S. s. majori 964: 960: 957:S. s. attila 956: 953:S. s. algira 952: 948: 945:S. s. scrofa 944: 940: 935: 930:domestic pig 903: 897: 893: 872: 867: 855:Sus strozzii 853: 822: 806: 785: 769: 755:10–12 months 748: 727: 708: 693: 690: 685: 681: 663: 642: 641: 636: 609: 595: 562:domestic pig 523: 487:the Americas 483:North Africa 470: 469:, or simply 466: 462: 458: 453: 452: 448: 446: 422: 414: 403: 388: 384:Finsch, 1886 380: 376:Miller, 1902 372: 368:Miller, 1901 364: 353: 342: 330: 322: 311: 303: 293:andamanensis 292: 220: 218: 202: 201: 189: 169:Artiodactyla 73:S. s. scrofa 72: 36: 15811:Sus (genus) 15624:NatureServe 15546:iNaturalist 15391:Wikispecies 15162:L. guanicoe 15021:Tayassuidae 14985:Wild boar ( 14924:S. barbatus 14882:P. larvatus 14858:P. salvania 14856:Pygmy hog ( 14790:Hylochoerus 14643:Philantomba 14531:C. jentinki 14513:C. dorsalis 14466:Cephalophus 14350:N. pygmaeus 14308:M. saltiana 14246:Dorcatragus 14220:S. tatarica 14110:N. petersii 14048:Litocranius 13948:E. tilonura 13895:Blackbuck ( 13871:Springbok ( 13814:Antilopinae 13812:(subfamily 13759:Taurotragus 13726:Sitatunga ( 13719:T. scriptus 13710:T. imberbis 13667:(including 13660:Tragelaphus 13481:B. quarlesi 13363:Boselaphini 13347:(subfamily 13252:O. nivicola 13093:N. caudatus 13082:Red goral ( 13073:Naemorhedus 13036:C. swinhoei 13016:Red serow ( 12998:Capricornis 12976:C. sibirica 12913:C. caucasia 12904:C. aegagrus 12902:Wild goat ( 12856:A. jayakari 12845:Arabitragus 12804:(subfamily 12775:Antilopinae 12698:C. taurinus 12641:D. pygargus 12534:A. melampus 12455:K. vardonii 12417:Waterbuck ( 12358:O. leucoryx 12287:Hippotragus 12215:O. hemionus 12213:Mule deer ( 12112:Blastocerus 12021:M. bricenii 11979:H. bisulcus 11946:R. tarandus 11922:C. pygargus 11844:Capreolinae 11826:Sika deer ( 11768:R. unicolor 11757:Rusa deer ( 11660:A. porcinus 11480:M. montanus 11277:M. kathygre 11026:Pronghorn ( 11017:Antilocapra 10781:Porco Rosso 10767:Preston Pig 10659:Bad Piggies 10616:Animal Farm 10396:Boston butt 10053:Trichinella 10026:BBC profile 9957:(in French) 9919:(in French) 9530:(1): 6924. 9454:BMC Ecology 8685:Archaeology 8497:13 November 8466:11 November 8436:11 November 8405:11 November 8369:13 November 8045:21 November 7863:13 November 7418:: 554–561. 6369:The related 6173:19 December 6116:19 December 6041:19 December 6006:19 December 5977:19 December 5942:19 December 5934:: 391–393. 5669:21 November 5639:21 November 5103:16 November 4841:watermelons 4835:and damage 4829:agriculture 4804: 1530 4755: 1540 4717:amino acids 4700:Boar's head 4659:Renaissance 4514:Miao people 4424:of Vishnu. 4040:Dermacentor 3831:Saint Louis 3827:San Antonio 3816:Mississippi 3780:Hooper Bald 3719:trichinosis 3715:brucellosis 3588:Ross on Wye 3565:East Sussex 3510:Archangelsk 3449:Tarim basin 3409:Lake Baikal 3397:Novosibirsk 3369:Lake Ladoga 3333:Scandinavia 3319:; from the 3249:Amur region 3179:Canis lupus 3156:brown bears 3144:Felis chaus 3140:jungle cats 3060:Volga Delta 3044:vertebrates 2966:willow herb 2750:Korean pine 2675:Carpathians 2540:snake venom 2483:Alarm calls 2359:Description 2208:Boie, 1828 2128:Ussuri boar 2078:Lake Baikal 2026:Ryukyu boar 2016:Afghanistan 1996:Middle Asia 1963:taininensis 1935:microdontus 1927:leucorhinus 1895:chirodontus 1891:acrocranius 1697:Gray, 1868 1651:, save for 1583:zeylonensis 1559:bengalensis 1479:Indian boar 1397:sahariensis 1333:ternatensis 1230:lusitanicus 1127:castilianus 1068:Subspecies 1051:Indonesian: 910:bearded pig 899:S. strozzii 882:Philippines 864:Pleistocene 734:0–10 months 715:Designation 701:for 'sow'. 615:Old English 592:Terminology 513:during the 443:Boar growls 415:ternatensis 373:nicobaricus 343:floresianus 254:New Zealand 47:Pleistocene 15771:Wild boars 15760:Categories 15424:Sus_scrofa 15411:Sus_scrofa 15397:Sus scrofa 15367:Sus scrofa 15298:Choeropsis 15180:L. vicugna 15066:C. wagneri 14969:S. oliveri 14960:S. heureni 14696:S. grimmia 14685:Sylvicapra 14672:P. walteri 14585:C. rubidis 14576:C. ogilbyi 14522:C. harveyi 14486:C. brookei 14440:R. sharpei 14420:Steenbok ( 14411:Raphicerus 14363:Oreotragus 14236:Neotragini 14185:Pantholops 14101:N. notatus 14059:L. walleri 14008:G. gazella 13981:G. cuvieri 13970:Chinkara ( 13862:Antidorcas 13849:A. clarkei 13838:Ammodorcas 13828:Antilopini 13728:T. spekeii 13692:T. buxtoni 13683:T. angasii 13575:Wild yak ( 13559:B. indicus 13514:B. bonasus 13454:B. bubalis 13397:Boselaphus 13373:Tetracerus 13243:O. gmelini 13111:N. griseus 13084:N. baileyi 13049:Hemitragus 13018:C. rubidus 13009:C. crispus 12958:C. nubiana 12821:Ammotragus 12724:Pantholops 12654:Alcelaphus 12639:Bontebok ( 12632:D. lunatus 12621:Damaliscus 12608:B. hunteri 12497:R. redunca 12398:Reduncinae 12349:O. gazella 12298:H. equinus 12224:O. pandora 12204:Odocoileus 12088:Ozotoceros 11944:Reindeer ( 11889:H. inermis 11878:Hydropotes 11801:C. elaphus 11799:Red deer ( 11741:R. alfredi 11658:Hog deer ( 11516:M. reevesi 11489:M. muntjak 11319:T. kanchil 11286:M. meminna 11233:Hyemoschus 11223:Tragulidae 11180:M. cupreus 11098:G. giraffa 11044:Giraffidae 10995:Ruminantia 10833:Wibbly Pig 10826:Huxley Pig 10792:Spider pig 10787:Spider-Ham 10584:Miss Piggy 10561:In culture 10473:Other uses 10456:Pork steak 10446:Spare ribs 10436:Tenderloin 10416:Pork belly 10391:Back bacon 10208:Subfamily 10086:Sus scrofa 9969:2844781845 9931:2844166032 9893:Sus scrofa 9204:Sus scrofa 8766:18 January 8093:dec.ny.gov 7957:. London. 7795:Sus scrofa 7451:(1): 1–8. 7318:5 December 7159:22 October 7149:"FAO Ch.8" 6841:6 December 6837:(1): 26–30 6810:6 December 6667:4 November 6299:Sus scrofa 6268:Groves, C. 5442:Sus scrofa 5390:7 December 5345:Sus scrofa 5156:Sus scrofa 5076:Sus scrofa 5054:References 4906:Management 4639:the dragon 4631:crossguard 4625:, a short 4549:white boar 4519:The boar ( 4436:Eurystheus 4319:berserkers 4167:Svinhufvud 4108:In culture 4097:erysipelas 4071:epizootics 3788:California 3695:Razorbacks 3545:New Forest 3413:Amur River 3205:Banded pig 3082:, trapped 2982:facilitate 2893:Earthworms 2762:Tajikistan 2730:coniferous 2712:enclosing 2687:Kazakhstan 2449:Ussuriland 2445:brown bear 2353:Sus scrofa 2294:pig breeds 2193:Banded pig 2183:songaricus 2006:, western 2000:Kazakhstan 1959:spatharius 1955:scrofoides 1939:oxyodontus 1915:flavescens 1671:nipponicus 1531:, western 1459:Asia Minor 1321:goramensis 1317:ceramensis 1298:variegatus 1290:syrmiensis 1238:monungulus 1214:hungaricus 1202:domesticus 1198:deliciosus 920:Subspecies 659:and Greek 574:feral pigs 570:hybridized 526:subspecies 459:wild swine 454:Sus scrofa 426:Lyon, 1916 365:natunensis 354:goramensis 323:ceramensis 221:Sus scrofa 15250:Suborder 15160:Guanaco ( 15132:Camelidae 15118:Suborder 15090:D. tajacu 15079:Dicotyles 15055:Catagonus 15042:T. pecari 14987:S. scrofa 14891:P. porcus 14880:Bushpig ( 14748:Babyrousa 14724:Suborder 14621:C. weynsi 14612:C. spadix 14477:C. adersi 14398:O. ourebi 14332:N. batesi 14321:Neotragus 14290:M. kirkii 14092:N. granti 14057:Gerenuk ( 14026:G. spekei 13990:G. dorcas 13847:Dibatag ( 13634:S. caffer 13599:Pseudoryx 13586:B. taurus 13566:Banteng ( 13541:B. gaurus 13470:Tamaraw ( 13316:Chamois ( 13298:Rupicapra 13285:P. nayaur 13261:O. vignei 13241:Mouflon ( 12940:C. hircus 12929:Markhor ( 12832:A. lervia 12597:Beatragus 12523:Aepyceros 12347:Gemsbok ( 12340:O. dammah 12182:P. carlae 12075:M. temama 12066:M. rufina 12030:M. chunyi 12012:M. bororo 11902:Capreolus 11828:C. nippon 11819:C. hanglu 11706:Elaphurus 11651:A. kuhlii 11565:Elaphodus 11433:Muntiacus 11268:M. indica 11257:Moschiola 11189:M. fuscus 11132:Moschidae 10993:Suborder 10953:Kingdom: 10839:Zhu Bajie 10747:TV series 10708:Super Pig 10701:Peppa Pig 10622:Old Major 10598:Porky Pig 10546:Razorback 10529:Wild boar 10498:Truffling 10493:Wrestling 10451:Pork rind 10426:Pork jowl 10421:Pork chop 10357:Slaughter 10327:Capocollo 10300:Swineherd 10285:Hog oiler 10196:Suborder 10097:View the 9809:236157683 9793:1365-2486 9755:14 August 9727:1937-2817 9680:214349584 9672:1937-2817 9622:196685896 9592:Ecosphere 9552:2045-2322 9484:1472-6785 9413:20 August 9348:9 October 9293:233601579 9240:9 October 9167:0022-541X 8815:154250096 8639:0236-0551 8528:(1): 42. 8073:31 August 8010:14 August 7729:Jääkaudet 7617:17 August 7539:0030-6053 7381:"Leopard" 6995:(4): 25. 6944:: 68–72. 6572:(Speech). 6387:New World 6033:(1): 52. 5854:Grubb, P. 5807:Babyrousa 5728:8 October 5609:8 October 5420:29 August 5203:Sus crofa 5154:"Species 5150:Grubb, P. 5028:cinghiale 4866:June bugs 4858:Hachinohe 4704:Christmas 4623:venabulum 4601:, Finland 4479:inoshishi 4406:Prajapati 4386:Brahmanas 4221:Eurycleia 4179:Neolithic 4160:President 4089:tularemia 3995:helminths 3942:peccaries 3902:Argentina 3855:Chalmette 3784:Tennessee 3672:Loch Ness 3668:Highlands 3642:BBC Radio 3630:River Wye 3582:; in the 3541:Charles I 3514:Astrakhan 3506:Leningrad 3445:Tian Shan 3437:Himalayas 3136:Lynx lynx 3112:Predators 3105:Axis axis 3072:cormorant 3056:galliform 3036:Pteridium 2978:artichoke 2950:beechnuts 2917:bird eggs 2826:) carcass 2824:Axis axis 2758:pistachio 2720:. In the 2698:deciduous 2608:lactation 2582:testicles 2536:hedgehogs 2528:Mongooses 2487:ukh! ukh! 2453:Manchuria 2302:Near East 2238:jubatulus 2234:andersoni 2163:canescens 2089:raddeanus 2004:Tien Shan 1951:planiceps 1947:palustris 1943:paludosus 1919:frontosus 1907:curtidens 1825:Andalusia 1541:Sri Lanka 1469:falzfeini 1329:papuensis 1278:siamensis 1258:polonicus 1254:pliciceps 1250:palustris 1242:moravicus 1206:gambianus 1190:chinensis 1174:bavaricus 1170:asiaticus 1139:fasciatus 1135:europaeus 1133:, 1911), 1083:Synonyms 1015:Includes 993:Includes 975:and some 943:Includes 894:S. scrofa 878:Indonesia 868:S. scrofa 852:Skull of 813:Six years 792:3–5 years 776:Two years 586:Australia 519:Old World 449:wild boar 389:papuensis 250:Caribbean 197:Species: 135:Kingdom: 129:Eukaryota 42:Wild boar 32:Feral pig 15629:2.105520 15616:14200054 15564:10425427 15431:BioLib: 15376:Wikidata 15222:C. ferus 15178:Vicuña ( 15171:L. pacos 15169:Alpaca ( 15153:L. glama 15120:Tylopoda 14630:C. zebra 14558:C. niger 14132:Procapra 13910:Eudorcas 13886:Antilope 13623:Syncerus 13584:Cattle ( 13577:B. mutus 13505:B. bison 13445:B. arnee 13406:Nilgai ( 13283:Bharal ( 13274:Pseudois 13234:O. dalli 13216:O. aries 13207:O. ammon 13205:Argali ( 13157:Muskox ( 13124:Oreamnos 13102:N. goral 12985:C. walie 12869:Budorcas 12806:Caprinae 12751:Caprinae 12606:Hirola ( 12550:Peleinae 12532:Impala ( 12437:K. leche 12435:Lechwe ( 12331:O. beisa 12307:H. niger 11968:Taruca ( 11935:Rangifer 11865:A. alces 11766:Sambar ( 11693:R. eldii 11673:Rucervus 11631:Chital ( 11423:Cervinae 11410:Cervidae 11371:Cervidae 11299:Tragulus 10973:Eutheria 10967:Mammalia 10961:Chordata 10959:Phylum: 10955:Animalia 10875:Piganino 10849:Pig City 10736:Kazoops! 10637:Squealer 10632:Snowball 10627:Napoleon 10534:Heraldry 10406:Ham hock 10362:Suckling 10322:Bondiola 10305:Feedback 10245:Breeding 10236:Domestic 10222:Species 10186:Mammalia 10180:Chordata 10174:Animalia 10172:Kingdom 10077:22244535 10013:98023686 9909:Archived 9801:34288288 9749:Archived 9745:phys.org 9570:33767284 9502:31918698 9460:(1): 4. 9432:Archived 9392:17590063 9339:Archived 9335:16263321 9231:Archived 9179:Archived 9175:85904067 9128:39491692 9086:Foodbalt 9078:Archived 9050:Archived 8760:Archived 8643:Archived 8554:26239110 8491:Archived 8460:Archived 8430:Archived 8396:Archived 8363:Archived 8332:Archived 8305:Archived 8251:Archived 8200:cite web 8134:Archived 8103:22 April 8097:Archived 8039:Archived 7959:Archived 7925:Archived 7899:Archived 7857:Archived 7831:Archived 7711:Archived 7662:Archived 7611:Archived 7547:86199390 7465:88354782 7312:Archived 7278:Archived 7261:27110354 7204:25706582 7153:Archived 7127:Archived 7039:Archived 7021:27023619 6958:25796346 6804:Archived 6802:. IUCN. 6773:16612336 6658:Archived 6654:17855556 6586:Archived 6550:10747069 6520:Genetics 6498:19706455 6436:Archived 6372:Archived 6354:2 August 6164:Archived 6160:55390219 6110:Archived 6035:Archived 6000:Archived 5971:Archived 5936:Archived 5890:62265494 5856:(2005). 5722:Archived 5696:Archived 5663:Archived 5633:Archived 5603:Archived 5478:17384734 5414:Archived 5384:Archived 5186:62265494 5152:(2005). 5019:sanglier 4971:Babirusa 4935:See also 4895:Odysseus 4833:potatoes 4787:, Russia 4673:and the 4667:firearms 4654:red deer 4599:Helsinki 4529:Scottish 4521:sanglier 4463:Japanese 4432:Herakles 4412:and the 4410:Ramayana 4280:Scottish 4217:Odysseus 4197:Herakles 4124:Altamira 4057:hog lice 4052:Hyalomma 3952:and the 3948:queixada 3825:and the 3794:and the 3614:Dartmoor 3600:Galloway 3596:Dumfries 3530:Scotland 3490:Giza Zoo 3443:and the 3429:Mongolia 3421:Sakhalin 3373:Novgorod 3353:Khartoum 3327:and the 3219:Leopards 3084:muskrats 3078:chicks, 3052:leporids 3006:Aconitum 2989:vittatus 2985:invasive 2941:calories 2901:mollusks 2843:Rhizomes 2832:omnivore 2785:Alderney 2679:Caucasus 2659:habitats 2576:breeding 2513:eyesight 2491:gu-gu-gu 2226:east to 2171:coreanus 2157:Amur Bay 2147:Eastern 2080:region, 2008:Mongolia 1923:laticeps 1911:dicrurus 1903:collinus 1839:baeticus 1833:Sardinia 1714:and the 1663:japonica 1655:and the 1653:Hokkaido 1615:Pakistan 1571:isonotus 1567:isonotus 1537:Pakistan 1533:Thailand 1499:brindled 1447:Caucasus 1389:barbarus 1313:aruensis 1302:vulgaris 1294:turcicus 1286:suevicus 1282:sinensis 1234:macrotis 1222:italicus 1218:ibericus 1210:hispidus 1186:celticus 1182:capensis 1166:anglicus 1155:Boddaert 1013:Eastern: 941:Western: 880:and the 807:Old boar 749:Juvenile 728:Squeaker 686:boarlets 582:Americas 576:; these 544:and the 542:Far East 471:wild pig 358:De Beaux 304:aruensis 278:Synonyms 228:Linnaeus 175:Family: 159:Mammalia 149:Chordata 145:Phylum: 139:Animalia 125:Domain: 102:IUCN 3.1 51:Holocene 15738:ZooBank 15730:1469456 15603:1006377 15525:7705930 15334:Cetacea 15325:Cetacea 15193:Camelus 15151:Llama ( 15031:Tayassu 14847:Porcula 14396:Oribi ( 14387:Ourebia 14270:Madoqua 14255:Beira ( 14176:Saigini 14083:N. dama 13961:Gazella 13810:Bovidae 13808:Family 13779:T. oryx 13699:Bongo ( 13681:Nyala ( 13608:Saola ( 13530:Gayal ( 13434:Bubalus 13349:Bovinae 13345:Bovidae 13343:Family 13259:Urial ( 12949:C. ibex 12878:Takin ( 12802:Bovidae 12800:Family 12763:Bovinae 12689:C. gnou 12468:Redunca 12380:Addax ( 12264:Bovidae 12262:Family 12170:Pudella 12157:P. pudu 12048:M. nana 11863:Moose ( 11633:A. axis 11600:D. dama 11462:M. feae 11408:Family 11383:Bovidae 11328:T. napu 11142:Moschus 11078:Giraffa 11063:Okapi ( 10965:Class: 10944:species 10940:Extant 10539:Hunting 10478:Bladder 10401:Fatback 10352:Scalder 10312:As food 10275:Pannage 10259:Farming 10202:Family 10178:Phylum 10100:susScr3 9707:Bibcode 9652:Bibcode 9600:Bibcode 9561:7994638 9532:Bibcode 9493:6953143 9462:Bibcode 9400:1528398 9285:1782427 9265:Bibcode 9120:2659696 8545:4524169 7931:30 July 7905:30 July 7776:4 April 7668:30 July 7480:"Tiger" 7252:4834338 7231:Bibcode 7184:Bibcode 7133:22 June 7012:4846825 6989:Animals 6938:Toxicon 6781:4331236 6730:4264868 6708:Bibcode 6645:1976408 6622:Bibcode 6541:1461048 6489:2752532 6466:Bibcode 6108:: 361. 5469:1802013 5024:Italian 4883:rutting 4854:famines 4737:Cologne 4691:Apicius 4661:, when 4629:with a 4589:, Italy 4541:langued 4525:English 4449:) from 4434:brings 4414:Puranas 4370:Asterix 4365:Culhwch 4361:Veteris 4338:Tacitus 4295:Mathura 4278:of the 4265:Hittite 4253:Ephesus 4209:Theseus 4194:demigod 4152:Luumäki 4093:anthrax 3956:caititu 3906:Uruguay 3804:Georgia 3800:Florida 3758:Vermont 3729:History 3703:Florida 3656:culling 3640:on the 3482:Denmark 3474:Finland 3470:Karelia 3433:Sichuan 3337:Siberia 3317:Eurasia 3269:cervids 3247:In the 3227:mouflon 3146:), and 3050:fawns, 3012:Anemone 2962:bracken 2933:carrion 2921:lizards 2909:rodents 2897:insects 2887:garbage 2865:berries 2787:in the 2742:nutpine 2718:meadows 2714:marshes 2667:deserts 2592:whelped 2509:hearing 2466:Belarus 2437:Western 2341:extinct 2337:Vietnam 2304:in the 2258:typicus 2254:rhionis 2242:milleri 2220:Sumatra 2012:Kashgar 1885:Sichuan 1881:Vietnam 1847:sardous 1829:Corsica 1790:Maremma 1737:reiseri 1722:lybicus 1647:All of 1579:typicus 1575:jubatus 1563:indicus 1555:aipomus 1551:aipomus 1547:affinis 1457:coast, 1455:Caspian 1443:Balkans 1439:Ukraine 1435:Hungary 1431:Romania 1383:Morocco 1379:Algeria 1375:Tunisia 1262:sardous 1226:juticus 1194:crispus 1151:setosus 991:Indian: 973:lybicus 914:Malacca 705:Hunting 682:piglets 606:English 501:on the 495:suiform 491:Oceania 479:Eurasia 473:, is a 423:tuancus 404:scropha 347:Jentink 331:enganus 262:Bermuda 185:Genus: 165:Order: 155:Class: 100: ( 15704:104172 15691:730013 15662:NZOR: 15577:180722 15499:305279 15486:SUXXSC 15473:328663 15382:Q58697 14738:Suidae 14339:Suni ( 14072:Nanger 13557:Zebu ( 13539:Gaur ( 13424:Bovini 13148:Ovibos 12453:Puku ( 12428:K. kob 11992:Mazama 11781:Cervus 11054:Okapia 10897: 10774:Rasher 10603:Piglet 10483:Racing 10280:Toilet 10214:Genus 10210:Suinae 10204:Suidae 10190:Order 10184:Class 10075: 10055:spp". 10011: 10001: 9967: 9943: 9929: 9872: 9853: 9834: 9807: 9799: 9791: 9725: 9678: 9670: 9620: 9568: 9558: 9550: 9500: 9490: 9482: 9398: 9390: 9333: 9291: 9283: 9173: 9165: 9126: 9118: 9088:(2014) 9061: 9032: 9000: 8965: 8914: 8894: 8863: 8836: 8813: 8752: 8721: 8637: 8608: 8552: 8542: 8338:25 May 8311:25 May 8284:25 May 8257:25 May 8226:25 May 8190:25 May 8163:25 May 8035:Dunoon 7837:14 May 7735: 7691: 7639: 7603: 7545: 7537: 7463: 7259: 7249: 7202: 7109: 7045:22 May 7019: 7009: 6956: 6779: 6771: 6750:Nature 6728: 6700:Nature 6652: 6642: 6548: 6538: 6496: 6486: 6415: 6395:Brazil 6278: 6239: 6206: 6158: 5888: 5878: 5840: 5817: 5782: 5762: 5702:13 May 5655:"boar" 5625:"boar" 5581: 5547: 5476: 5466: 5355: 5184: 5174: 5015:French 5013:, the 4899:Adonis 4837:melons 4806:, the 4682:Soviet 4615:Romans 4587:Umbria 4583:trophy 4506:Buryat 4494:Mongol 4422:avatar 4418:Varaha 4398:Vishnu 4394:asuras 4357:Moccus 4342:Baltic 4340:, the 4299:Varaha 4257:Athens 4229:Adonis 4156:family 4091:, and 4055:) and 4049:, and 3910:Brazil 3890:States 3873:Canada 3569:Dorset 3478:Askola 3466:Norway 3462:Sweden 3425:fossil 3395:(near 3389:Irtysh 3377:Moscow 3361:Ionian 3357:Sahara 3345:alpine 3288:Flores 3280:Komodo 3273:bovids 3195:cattle 3187:Dholes 3162:) and 3121:Tigers 3030:Ferula 3024:Caltha 2974:potato 2946:Acorns 2925:snakes 2883:shoots 2875:Leaves 2851:tubers 2836:humans 2820:chital 2796:spruce 2781:France 2773:Komodo 2694:Europe 2671:alpine 2663:taigas 2621:estrus 2425:Europe 2310:Cyprus 2306:Tigris 2228:Komodo 2153:Ussuri 2119:Taiwan 2071:Soviet 1712:Levant 1708:Turkey 1453:, the 1445:, the 1441:, the 1306:wittei 1157:, 1785 1131:Thomas 1080:Range 1071:Image 985:attila 981:scrofa 977:scrofa 721:Image 694:scrofa 558:humans 536:. The 410:, 1827 399:, 1826 397:Garnot 393:Lesson 360:, 1924 349:, 1905 338:, 1916 318:, 1906 316:Miller 299:, 1858 270:Alaska 179:Suidae 15725:WoRMS 15717:17081 15590:41775 15559:IRMNG 15551:42134 15460:53HGR 15447:12365 15434:20880 14726:Suina 14209:Saiga 14150:Goa ( 13669:kudus 12893:Capra 12560:Pelea 12426:Kob ( 12408:Kobus 12371:Addax 11854:Alces 11808:Elk ( 10858:Other 10521:feral 10367:Blood 10317:Bacon 10251:Shows 10198:Suina 9805:S2CID 9676:S2CID 9618:S2CID 9407:(PDF) 9396:S2CID 9368:(PDF) 9342:(PDF) 9311:(PDF) 9289:S2CID 9234:(PDF) 9209:(PDF) 9171:S2CID 9124:S2CID 9116:JSTOR 8811:S2CID 8399:(PDF) 8388:(PDF) 7580:(PDF) 7565:(PDF) 7543:S2CID 7515:(5). 7486:[ 7461:S2CID 7387:[ 7200:S2CID 6777:S2CID 6726:S2CID 6661:(PDF) 6610:(PDF) 6570:(PDF) 6167:(PDF) 6156:S2CID 6136:(PDF) 6068:"Sus" 5864:. In 5311:[ 5160:. In 5005:Latin 4987:Notes 4888:thigh 4845:maize 4696:garum 4627:spear 4553:badge 4510:China 4451:Vulci 4420:, an 4390:Indra 4349:Celts 4345:Aesti 4327:Freyr 4276:crest 4261:lions 4241:Irish 4237:Hades 4213:Phaea 4061:flies 4035:ticks 3997:like 3938:IBAMA 3922:feral 3918:IBAMA 3748:from 3632:into 3618:Devon 3616:, in 3592:Devon 3557:DEFRA 3555:(now 3486:Egypt 3441:Pamir 3419:. On 3385:Ishim 3381:Urals 3341:Japan 3325:Korea 3284:Rinca 3238:tiger 3076:heron 3018:Calla 2970:fungi 2929:frogs 2869:seeds 2855:bulbs 2847:roots 2777:Rinca 2710:beech 2505:smell 2282:Timor 2214:From 2175:gigas 2149:China 1931:melas 1649:Japan 1529:Burma 1525:Nepal 1521:India 1325:niger 1246:nanus 1147:ferus 1143:ferox 1059:basal 874:MtDNA 862:), a 699:Latin 651:Latin 550:tiger 381:niger 297:Blyth 67:Male 15655:9823 15650:NCBI 15585:IUCN 15572:ITIS 15533:GISD 15520:GBIF 15481:EPPO 15442:BOLD 15332:see 15142:Lama 13196:Ovis 12320:Oryx 12136:Pudu 11730:Rusa 11622:Axis 11589:Dama 10645:Babe 10519:and 10517:Wild 10466:Tail 10441:Ribs 10431:Loin 10385:Cuts 10342:Pork 10337:Lard 10162:Pigs 10073:PMID 10051:and 10009:LCCN 9999:ISBN 9965:ISBN 9941:ISBN 9927:ISBN 9870:ISBN 9851:ISBN 9832:ISBN 9797:PMID 9789:ISSN 9757:2021 9723:ISSN 9668:ISSN 9566:PMID 9548:ISSN 9498:PMID 9480:ISSN 9415:2012 9388:PMID 9350:2014 9331:PMID 9281:OSTI 9242:2014 9187:2021 9163:ISSN 9059:ISBN 9030:ISBN 8998:ISBN 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