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carry a large load of fuel, a larger size of the aircraft could be permitted without needing to cater for factors such as limited runway and airfield sizes. In addition, for services to far-flung parts of the
British Empire, the ability to land and take-off from any available area of water was a distinct advantage for services to such places, many of which at the time had no airport facilities at all. With the end of the Second World War, flying boats services were resumed with other types being operated, such as the
322:. As such, Saunders-Roe designed the Shetland and manufactured the wing while Shorts produced the remainder of the aircraft. While two examples of the Shetland were completed, the project was considered a failure and the pair of flying boats were scrapped in 1951. Saunders-Roe considered the Shetland to have not resembled the flying boat that they sought to develop, but was otherwise a useful learning experience; even prior to the Shetland, the company had wanted to develop a more revolutionary flying boat.
342:, which had been seeking design submissions from aviation companies for an envisioned new long range civil flying boat, which was to operate in BOAC's fleet to operate its transatlantic passenger services, Saunders-Roe decided to submit a bid based upon the earlier collaborative design specification. Following evaluations of a range of different propulsion methods and configurations, the design team selected the undeveloped
831:
399:. According to aviation author Phillip Kaplan, the Princess had not been intended to fly that day at all and only taxiing tests had been scheduled to take place, and that Tyson had decided to proceed due to the excellent conditions present on the day. The prototype was quickly put through several test flights with the hope of being able to sufficiently ready the flying boat to appear at the 1952
330:'double-bubble' hull, a 214-foot wingspan, a height of 55 feet 9 inches, and a length of 148 feet. The proposed aircraft would be capable of a cruising speed of 340 MPH at an altitude of 37,000 feet, a range (dependent on payload) of 5,190–3,640 miles, and be outfitted with luxurious accommodation for a total of 104 passengers.
573:; these decks had sufficient room to accommodate up to 105 passengers in great comfort. The planing bottom of the hull had only a slight step in the keel to minimize drag in the air. The Princess was powered by an arrangement of ten Bristol Proteus turboprop engines. These engines drove six sets of four-bladed
290:
During the pre-war era, flying boats had been preferred for conducting long-distance flights as, unlike their land-based counterparts, they were not limited by available runway length – the majority of which were still grass-surfaced at this point – and as a long range aeroplane would be required to
366:
In 1951, BOAC re-evaluated its standing requirements, and determined that the airline presently had no need for the
Princess, or any new large flying boat. The airline had already elected to terminate its existing flying boat services during 1950. In late 1951, it was announced that construction of
363:, which was being increasingly regarded as a high-risk initiative with unreliable costing. Specifically, designing and testing of the airframe, as well as the independently conducted development of the Proteus engine to power the SR.45, had been major contributors to the higher-than-expected costs.
608:
implementation, in order that pilots would be able to effectively actuate its large control surfaces, which would have to overcome equally larger forces. However, it was decided to opt for a traditional mechanical linkage approach that was augmented by a series of electrically driven power assist
325:
During 1943, the chief designers of
Saunders-Roe and Short had collaborated to produce a preliminary design specification for an innovative large flying boat. This design specification defined various criteria for the proposed aircraft, which would be the largest all-metal flying boat ever built;
620:
were split into multiple sections in order that, if a part of the servo-powered control system were to fail, a faulty section could be "trailed" so that it did not act against the remaining working sections. While the prototype aircraft had been fitted with advanced (but conventional) hydraulic
410:
continued to be problematic, but not to the extent that flight testing was prevented. Evaluation of the flying boat continued into 1953, during which particular attention was devoted towards addressing the difficulties uncovered. During the 1953 Farnborough
Airshow, the prototype was displayed.
217:
caused by seawater. Following the project's termination, the three airframes were stored with the intention of selling them on; however, upon receipt of a promising offer for the aircraft, it was found that corrosion had set in while in storage. As a result, all three aircraft prototypes were
358:
Work on the SR.45 commenced almost immediately upon receipt of the order. From an early stage in development, progress on the programme was subject to schedule overruns and higher than projected costs being incurred, leading to scepticism of the flying boat's viability within the
494:. When the cocooning was removed, it was found that they were badly corroded (the contract for maintenance and inspection of the stored aircraft had been allowed to lapse, which resulted in the airframes deteriorating rapidly), and all three Princesses were broken up by 1967.
525:
program as efficient air transport of the outsize hardware used in these missions. Conroy quipped that the
British were "offended when we named our aircraft 'The Pregnant Guppy'. Man, can you imagine what they would have said if we produced 'The Pregnant Princess' !"
367:
the three
Princesses would proceed with the intention of using them as transport aircraft in RAF service. However, in March 1952, it was announced that while the first prototype would be completed, the second and third would be suspended to await more powerful engines.
418:
Princess Air
Transport Co Ltd was formed with the object of studying the factors affecting the operation of the Princess flying boats and to tender for their operation should the opportunity have arisen. The company's directors were M D N Wyatt (chairman),
212:
improvements had added to the viability of land-based aircraft, which did not have to compromise to accommodate the additional weight and drag of the boat hulls that were necessary on seaplanes, or the mitigating measures needed against the
509:(Petersen Publications, 1973). Conroy considered the creation of an outsize transport from the Princess to have been basically feasible, in that it shares a sectional 'double-bubble' fuselage construction similar to that of the
350:
engines – to meet the enormous power requirements of the proposed giant flying boat. In May 1946, the bid made by
Saunders-Roe was selected as the winner, leading to the company receiving an order for the production of three
411:
Flight tests of the prototype continued up until 27 May 1954, by which point it had been found that the
Proteus engine, once perfected, would be capable of enabling the type to achieve its envisioned performance figures.
513:, on which the Guppies were based. The reason for considering producing such an aircraft was the desire of NASA to possess a means of transporting first stage of the Saturn V rocket by air, if this were possible, to
435:
Following the completion of flying tests performed by the prototype, the
British government exercised considerable indecision over the fate of the programme. In addition to the prototype, a further two Princesses
196:
Work on the Princess was ultimately cancelled after having produced three examples, only one of which flew. By the mid-1950s, large commercial flying boats were being increasingly overshadowed by land-based
263:, separate bathrooms for men and women, and individual cabins for passengers. However, operations of these flying boats had been disrupted by wartime, during which Imperial Airways had also merged with
468:
had offered £1 million each for the stored Princesses, but this offer was rejected. In 1957, Saro itself had proposed the conversion of the aircraft to serve as landplane troop carriers/freighters.
629:
with hydraulic final control actuators. Such a system had been built and undergone ground-testing, but the Princess had been terminated prior to any aircraft having been fitted with the system.
303:. However, the war had also produced a legacy of large runways and sizable airports formerly used for military purposes that could now meet the needs of a larger generation of land aircraft.
444:) were under construction, but these would ultimately never fly. While a decision from the government was effectively pending, the three existing aircraft were placed into storage, being
255:
which had previously not been served at all, passengers were transported within an unprecedented level of comfort, being provided with luxurious first class accommodation, including a
479:. This interest resulted in a delegation from Saro being dispatched to the US to discuss a sale of the preserved Princesses. However, this interest ultimately amounted to nothing.
460:
Over the ensuing years, several offers were issued with the intention of purchasing the Princesses, including two proposals which would have involved re-engining them with
565:
was a large flying boat, being the largest all-metal flying boat to have ever been constructed. The Princess featured a rounded, bulbous, "double-bubble" pressurized
186:(BOAC). Although the initial development contract had been successfully met, BOAC eventually decided to focus on its land-based routes using the jet-powered
403:, however indications of engine reliability issues were encountered and this led to the intended flight display at Farnborough that year being abandoned.
160:
engine still in development to power the aircraft. The project suffered delays due to difficulties encountered in the development of the Proteus engine.
423:, Geoffrey Tyson, P D Irons and Capt H W C Alger (general manager). 75 per cent of the share capital were held by Saunders-Roe Ltd and the balance by
1817:
310:
was enthusiastic on the prospects for reviving the shuttered flying boat routes. The Ministry approached two British flying boat manufacturers –
901:
Maximum continuous power of a Proteus was 2,050 hp (1,529 kW) + 700 lbf (3.11 kN) residual thrust at 9,500 rpm at sea level.
1807:
1316:
517:; the ability for the aircraft to conduct a water landing would also be advantageous for proximity landing at sea, or on nearby lakes in
128:
The Princess had been developed to serve as a larger and more luxurious successor to the pre-war commercial flying boats, such as the
529:
They were the last fixed-wing commercial aircraft produced by Saunders-Roe. The company constructed one more fixed-wing design, the
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318:– requesting that the two firms collaborate on the development and manufacture of a new aircraft, which would emerge as the
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171:. Between 1952 and 1954, the first prototype performed a total of 47 test flights, including two public appearances at the
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turboprop, 5,000 hp (3,700 kW) each + 1,660 lbf (7.38 kN) residual thrust at 10,000 rpm at sea level
688:
219 ft 6 in (66.90 m) with wingtip floats retracted. 209 ft 6 in (63.86 m) floats extended.
521:. Ultimately, this plan was deemed to be impractical, though the existing Guppies continued to function throughout the
251:
to build up a network of long-distance routes. These flying boats had not only pioneered new aerial routes across the
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585:, each engine drove one of the propellers. The two outer propellers were single and each powered by a single engine.
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was the only model to fly, performing 46 test flights in total during which 100 hours flight hours were accumulated.
1507:
1797:
753:
Turboprop engines, 2,500 hp (1,900 kW) each + 820 lbf (3.65 kN) residual thrust at 10,000 rpm
395:. The initial flight lasted for 35 minutes, in which the flying boat performed a complete circumnavigation of the
152:
in spacious and comfortable conditions. To achieve this, it was decided early on to make use of newly developed
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14,000 imp gal (63,645.3 L; 16,813.3 US gal) in four integral inner wing tanks.
475:, who were at the time examining the possibility of converting the three stored aircraft to make use of
271:(BOAC) in 1940. While restricted operations of commercial flying boats did continue, such as the use of
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105 passengers in tourist and first class cabins / 137,000 lb (62,142.2 kg) disposable load
193:
instead. The era of the large flying boat had effectively ended prior to the aircraft's completion.
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1,900 ft/min (9.7 m/s) at 184 mph (296 km/h; 160 kn) at sea level
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452:; it had been hoped that work on the programme would be restarted when a buyer was found.
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Air Progress, World's Greatest Aircraft, Chapter: 'The Guppies', concluding paragraph.
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600:. Early on, it had been intended for the aircraft to be outfitted with some form of
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design; aside from that venture, the company primarily concentrated its efforts on
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501:, constructor Jack Conroy discussed his concepts for other outsize transports with
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As further testing of the prototype continued, the reliability of the engines and
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The cockpit of the Princess was designed to be operated by a pair of pilots, two
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each two Proteus engines feeding a common gearbox and contra-rotating propellers
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In 1964, the three Princesses were all purchased by Eoin Mekie on behalf of
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380 mph (610 km/h, 330 kn) at 37,000 ft (11,000 m)
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709:"Saro-modified Goldstein section" to "modified N.A.C.A. 4415 Series" at tip
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360 mph (580 km/h, 310 kn) at 32,500 ft (9,900 m)
486:, who planned to use them as heavy-duty freight aircraft for transporting
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125:. It is the largest all-metal flying boat to have ever been constructed.
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1467:. 26 September 1952. pp. 411–422 – via Flightglobal Archive.
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153:
1459:"The Princess: Design Details of the Great Saunders-Roe Flying boat"
1388:
Flying Boats of the Solent: A Portrait of a Golden Age of Air Travel
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controls, Saunders-Roe had intended production aircraft to use an
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175:. This work was carried out under a development contract for the
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Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917 British Flying Boats and
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205:
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113 mph (181 km/h, 98 kn) flaps and floats down
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which were driven by a twin version of the Proteus, named the
379:
Saro Princess G-ALUN at the East Cowes works in September 1954
118:
338:
During 1945, in response to an approach made by the British
491:
1178:"U.S. Given Data on Flying-Boats – Use of Nuclear Power".
670:
2 pilots, 2 flight engineers, radio operator and navigator
471:
In 1958, information on the Princess was shared with the
47:
displaying at the Farnborough SBAC Show in September 1953
767:
propellers., 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m) diameter
1184:, Monday 3 February 1958, Issue 54065. p. 5, column A.
921:"In pictures: Flying boat's maiden flight celebrated."
326:
performance criteria included a weight of 140 tons, a
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
577:; of these, the inner four propellers were double,
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557:A Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess during a taxiing run
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239:had successfully used large long-range passenger
163:On 22 August 1952, the first prototype Princess,
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609:units to effectively support actuation instead.
1406:"Big Wings: The Largest Aeroplanes Ever Built."
279:, many were requisitioned for service with the
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86:1 (2 additional airframes cancelled mid-build)
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800:5,720 mi (9,210 km, 4,970 nmi)
136:route, carrying up to 100 passengers between
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1508:"Saunders Roe and the Princess Flying Boat"
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1315:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1038:
1472:"Ten Turboprops Power Giant Flying Boat."
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306:Even prior to the war's end, the British
1818:Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
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283:(RAF) where they were typically used as
1351:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1952–53
812:39,000 ft (12,000 m) absolute
421:Sir Archibald Philip Hope, 17th Baronet
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455:
448:and retained, one at Cowes and two at
1808:Ten-engined six-prop tractor aircraft
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1443:. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd.
1441:Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917
1303:Saunders-Roe Report FT/15/0/24 Part 1
1385:
1295:
1100:
874:List of flying boats and floatplanes
700:5,019 sq ft (466.3 m)
269:British Overseas Airways Corporation
184:British Overseas Airways Corporation
1505:
1193:
947:
935:
694:55 ft 9 in (16.99 m)
24:
1381:. 16 March 1950. pp. 344–345.
533:mixed-power (rocket and turbojet)
497:In the wake of the success of his
383:On 22 August 1952, the prototype,
25:
1844:
1536:"Britain's Biggest Flying Boat,"
1519:
1424:. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing.
763:constant speed, quick-feathering
727:345,025 lb (156,501 kg)
721:330,000 lb (149,685 kg)
632:
370:
1513:. Solent Aeromarine Enterprises.
1506:Wealthy, Bob (29 January 2009).
1305:. MAEE Felixstowe. January 1955.
829:
715:190,000 lb (86,183 kg)
113:aircraft developed and built by
37:
1486:, 7 December 1951, p. 724.
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1140:"Saunders-Roe S.R.4S Princess."
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1094:
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980:Kaplan 2005, pp. 197, 200, 204.
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886:
132:. It was intended to serve the
1813:Six-engined turboprop aircraft
1501:(2038): 63–68, 15 January 1948
1390:. Silver Link Publishing Ltd.
1367:. 6 July 1951. pp. 10–11.
914:
221:
13:
1:
879:
1833:Aircraft first flown in 1952
908:
850:Saunders-Roe Duchess project
625:system featuring electrical
7:
1828:Cancelled aircraft projects
1526:Sea Wings Gallery of Images
1481:"A winged ship takes form."
1373:"Flying ship on the stocks"
1145:, 3 September 1954, p. 338.
822:
741:Bristol Coupled-Proteus 610
156:technology, opting for the
107:Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess
10:
1849:
1349:Bridgman, Leonard (1953).
579:contra-rotating propellers
226:
1757:
1726:
1685:
1604:
1583:
1359:"Concerning flying boats"
971:Kaplan 2005, pp. 196–197.
548:
507:World's Greatest Aircraft
431:Termination of production
95:
90:
82:
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57:
52:
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571:two full passenger decks
511:Boeing 377 Stratocruiser
285:maritime patrol aircraft
1798:1950s British airliners
682:148 ft (45 m)
661:General characteristics
602:powered flight controls
583:Bristol Coupled Proteus
218:subsequently scrapped.
1439:London, Peter (1988).
1420:London, Peter (2003).
646:
558:
505:in their publication,
490:rocket components for
380:
43:Saunders-Roe Princess
1408:Pen and Sword, 2005.
1386:Hull, Norman (2002).
640:
604:, including an early
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378:
18:Saunders Roe Princess
1422:British Flying Boats
1292:FLIGHT, 9 April 1954
1074:Flight International
1061:Kaplan 2005, p. 205.
1020:Kaplan 2005, p. 204.
994:Kaplan 2005, p. 200.
962:Kaplan 2005, p. 196.
334:Selection and delays
1652:A.22 Segrave Meteor
1169:, pp. 312–313.
1130:, pp. 230–231.
1076:, 16 November 1951.
844:Related development
751:Bristol Proteus 620
725:Max takeoff weight:
456:Proposals for reuse
401:Farnborough Airshow
346:– one of the first
277:transatlantic route
265:British Airways Ltd
173:Farnborough Airshow
53:General information
1823:High-wing aircraft
1758:Cancelled projects
1538:Popular Mechanics,
1256:, pp. 210–235
1115:, pp. 229–230
647:
559:
545:after this point.
531:Saunders-Roe SR.53
473:United States Navy
381:
340:Ministry of Supply
235:, British airline
204:. Factors such as
177:Ministry of Supply
1780:
1779:
1576:Saunders-Roe/Saro
1353:. London: Jane's.
1281:26 September 1952
1242:26 September 1952
1089:26 September 1952
926:, 18 August 2012.
462:Rolls-Royce Tynes
297:Short Sandringham
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1449:
1436:
1430:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1383:
1369:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1322:
1294:
1285:
1270:
1268:, p. 282.
1258:
1246:
1231:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1196:, p. 187.
1186:
1171:
1159:
1157:, p. 246.
1147:
1132:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1078:
1063:
1037:
1022:
996:
982:
973:
964:
952:
950:, p. 154.
940:
938:, p. 155.
928:
912:
910:
907:
904:
903:
894:
884:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
865:
864:
853:
852:
841:
840:
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:Rate of climb:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
780:Maximum speed:
769:
768:
754:
744:
734:
731:Fuel capacity:
728:
722:
716:
710:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
634:
633:Specifications
631:
598:radio operator
550:
547:
515:Cape Canaveral
499:Pregnant Guppy
466:Aquila Airways
457:
454:
432:
429:
393:Geoffrey Tyson
372:
371:Flight testing
369:
355:flying boats.
335:
332:
320:Short Shetland
253:British Empire
228:
225:
223:
220:
142:United Kingdom
109:was a British
101:
100:
99:22 August 1952
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
42:
34:
33:
32:SR.45 Princess
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1845:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Saro aircraft
1791:
1790:
1788:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:SR.36 Lerwick
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1450:0-8517-7814-3
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1431:0-7509-2695-3
1427:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1414:1-84415-178-6
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1397:1-85794-161-6
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1335:, p. 345
1334:
1333:16 March 1950
1332:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1289:
1283:, p. 413
1282:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1244:, p. 412
1243:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1220:, p. 250
1219:
1214:
1208:, p. 234
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1091:, p. 422
1090:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1033:Bridgman 1953
1029:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
991:
989:
987:
977:
968:
959:
957:
949:
944:
937:
932:
925:
922:
917:
913:
898:
889:
885:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
868:Related lists
863:
860:
859:
858:
857:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
838:
827:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
786:Cruise speed:
784:
781:
778:
777:
776:
774:
766:
762:
758:
755:
752:
748:
745:
742:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:Gross weight:
717:
714:
713:Empty weight:
711:
708:
706:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
664:
662:
657:
655:
651:
644:
639:
630:
628:
624:
619:
615:
610:
607:
603:
599:
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591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
555:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
477:nuclear power
474:
469:
467:
463:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
428:
426:
422:
416:
414:
409:
404:
402:
398:
397:Isle of Wight
394:
391:, piloted by
390:
389:maiden flight
386:
377:
368:
364:
362:
356:
354:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
219:
216:
211:
207:
203:
200:
194:
192:
191:
188:De Havilland
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:maiden flight
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
150:United States
147:
146:New York City
143:
139:
135:
134:transatlantic
131:
126:
124:
123:Isle of Wight
120:
116:
112:
108:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
78:
75:
73:
69:
66:
63:
60:
56:
51:
46:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
1803:Flying boats
1707:
1612:A.3 Valkyrie
1537:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1477:August 1949.
1474:
1462:
1440:
1421:
1387:
1376:
1362:
1350:
1342:Bibliography
1330:
1325:
1302:
1297:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1179:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1108:
1103:, p. ?.
1096:
1086:
1081:
1073:
1071:"Cover Art."
1066:
1035:, p. 88
976:
967:
943:
931:
923:
916:
897:
888:
867:
866:
855:
854:
843:
842:
815:
809:
803:
797:
792:Stall speed:
791:
785:
779:
772:
770:
761:de Havilland
756:
746:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
660:
658:
653:
649:
648:
611:
587:
582:
562:
560:
528:
506:
503:Air Progress
502:
496:
481:
470:
459:
450:Calshot Spit
441:
437:
434:
417:
412:
405:
384:
382:
365:
357:
352:
337:
324:
312:Saunders-Roe
308:Air Ministry
305:
301:Short Solent
289:
245:Short Empire
243:such as the
241:flying boats
230:
195:
189:
181:flag carrier
164:
162:
130:Short Empire
127:
115:Saunders-Roe
106:
104:
96:First flight
83:Number built
77:Saunders-Roe
72:Manufacturer
44:
26:
1727:Helicopters
1677:A.37 Shrimp
1662:A.27 London
1266:London 2003
1254:London 1988
1218:London 2003
1206:London 1988
1167:London 1988
1155:London 2003
1128:London 1988
1113:London 1988
773:Performance
757:Propellers:
747:Powerplant:
737:Powerplant:
643:wind tunnel
606:fly-by-wire
539:helicopters
464:. In 1954,
328:pressurised
314:(Saro) and
293:Short Hythe
273:Boeing 314s
231:Before the
222:Development
138:Southampton
111:flying boat
62:Flying boat
1787:Categories
1734:Helicogyre
1667:A.29 Cloud
1642:A.19 Cloud
1622:A.7 Severn
1617:A.4 Medina
880:References
804:Endurance:
698:Wing area:
575:propellers
561:The SR.45
543:hovercraft
259:, sizable
249:Short S.26
1686:SR-series
1596:Kittiwake
1311:cite book
1181:The Times
1101:Hull 2002
909:Citations
765:Duralumin
759:4-bladed
686:Wingspan:
674:Capacity:
650:Data from
594:navigator
408:gearboxes
348:turboprop
257:promenade
215:corrosion
202:airliners
154:turboprop
117:at their
1605:A-series
1578:aircraft
924:BBC News
823:See also
806:15 hours
623:analogue
614:ailerons
596:, and a
567:fuselage
563:Princess
488:Saturn V
446:cocooned
275:for the
267:to form
65:airliner
1773:(P.192)
1767:(P.131)
1765:Duchess
1744:Skeeter
1491:"SR/45"
1194:Wealthy
948:Wealthy
936:Wealthy
705:Airfoil
692:Height:
680:Length:
645:testing
535:fighter
519:Florida
425:Airwork
227:Origins
210:airport
91:History
1749:XROE-1
1718:SR.177
1693:SR.A/1
1495:Flight
1484:Flight
1464:Flight
1447:
1428:
1412:
1394:
1378:Flight
1364:Flight
1331:Flight
1279:Flight
1240:Flight
1143:Flight
1087:Flight
798:Range:
654:Flight
627:servos
618:rudder
549:Design
523:Apollo
442:G-ALUP
438:G-ALUO
413:G-ALUN
385:G-ALUN
316:Shorts
299:, and
261:galley
206:runway
165:G-ALUN
45:G-ALUN
1771:Queen
1739:P.531
1713:SR.53
1703:SR.44
1511:(PDF)
668:Crew:
427:Ltd.
353:SR.45
190:Comet
119:Cowes
1672:A.33
1632:A.14
1627:A.10
1499:LIII
1445:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1317:link
749:2 ×
739:4 ×
656:1952
616:and
612:The
592:, a
541:and
492:NASA
440:and
247:and
208:and
144:and
105:The
58:Type
1591:T.1
199:jet
1789::
1497:,
1493:,
1461:.
1375:.
1361:.
1313:}}
1309:{{
1120:^
1040:^
1025:^
999:^
985:^
955:^
295:,
287:.
148:,
140:,
1568:e
1561:t
1554:v
1453:.
1434:.
1416:.
1400:.
1319:)
707::
436:(
20:)
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