77:
3148:
446:
1406:, for his claim with a substantial sum of money, since the ancestors of both these princes had made treaties of mutual succession with former dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg. The Ritter-und-Landschaft then rendered homage to George William as their duke. On 15 September 1702 George William confirmed the existing constitution, laws and legislative bodies of Saxe-Lauenburg. On 17 May 1705, the Lutheran superintendency was moved from Lauenburg to Ratzeburg and combined with the pastorate of St. Peter's Church. When he died on 28 August the same year, Saxe-Lauenburg passed to his nephew, George I Louis, elector of Hanover, afterwards king of
655:
421:
107:
3213:
4389:
1469:
1004:
1205:
4074:
481:
63:
121:
3539:
820:
467:
1278:
1258:) of the representatives of Saxe-Lauenburg's nobility (Ritterschaft, i.e. knighthood) and other subjects (Landschaft), mostly from the cities of Lauenburg upon Elbe and Ratzeburg, then altogether constituted as the estates of the duchy (Ritter-und-Landschaft), led by the Land Marshall, a hereditary office held by the family
815:
for their uncle Albert II. The last document mentioning the brothers and their uncle Albert II as Saxon fellow dukes dates back to 1295. A deed of 20 September 1296, mentions the
Vierlande, Sadelbande (Land of Lauenburg), the Land of Ratzeburg, the Land of Darzing (later Amt Neuhaus), and the Land of
1398:
and Danish
Holstein were militarily engaged, which agreed on 9 October 1693 (Hamburger Vergleich), that Celle—already de facto holding most of Saxe-Lauenburg—would retain the duchy, while the fortress in Ratzeburg, fortified under Celle rule and directed against Holstein, would be razed. In return,
984:
The city of Lübeck and Eric III had stipulated that, upon his death, Lübeck would be entitled to take possession of the pawned areas until his successors repaid the credit and simultaneously exercised the repurchase of Mölln (contracted in 1359), altogether amounting to the then enormous sum of
1234:
The general church visitation of 1581, prompted by
Francis II, showed poor results as to the knowledge, practice and behaviour of many pastors. Baringius was held responsible for these grievances and replaced by Gerhard Sagittarius in 1582. Finally in 1585, after consultations with his brother
834:
By 1303, the three jointly ruling brothers had partitioned Saxe-Lauenburg into three shares; however, Albert III died already in 1308, so that the surviving brothers established, after a territorial realignment in 1321, the
Lauenburg Elder Line, with John II ruling
1243:
seated in the city of
Lauenburg, which merged into that of Schleswig-Holstein in 1877. Francis II's attempts in 1585 and 1586 to merge Hadeln's Lutheran church body with that in the rest of the duchy were unanimously rejected by Hadeln's clergy and estates.
1247:
The violation of the primogeniture, however, gave grounds for the estates to perceive the upcoming duke
Francis II as illegitimate. This forced him into negotiations, which ended on 16 December 1585 with the constitutional act of the "Eternal Union"
1239:; Lower Saxon Church Order), authored by LĂĽbeck's Superintendent Andreas Pouchenius the Elder, for the Lutheran church of Saxe-Lauenburg. It constituted the Lutheran state church of Saxe-Lauenburg, with a general superintendent (as of 1592) and
1265:
The relations between Ritter-und-Landschaft and the duke improved since
Francis II redeemed ducal pawns with money he had earned as imperial commander. After the residential castle in Lauenburg upon Elbe (started in 1180–1182 by Duke
1042:
on 23 August 1420, which stipulated that all the pawned areas, which Eric IV, Eric V and John IV had violently taken in 1401, were to be irrevocably ceded to the cities of
Hamburg and LĂĽbeck, becoming their bi-urban condominium of
1262:. Francis II accepted their establishment as a permanent institution with a crucial say in government matters. In return, Ritter-und-Landschaft accepted Francis II as legitimate, and rendered him homage as duke in 1586.
1134:
in 1526, establishing Hadeln's separate ecclesiastical body existing until 1885. Magnus did not promote the spreading of
Lutheranism in the rest of his duchy. Lutheran preachers, most likely from the southerly adjacent
1414:. The Lower Saxon Lutheran Church maintained its Church Order with the consistory and General Superintendent Severin Walter Slüter (1646–1697) in Lauenburg, succeeded by incumbents titled again superintendent only.
1448:, thus legitimizing the de facto takeover by George William in 1689 and 1693. On 27 August 1729, he confirmed Saxe-Lauenburg's existing constitution, laws and the Ritter-und-Landschaft. On 5 April 1757, the
1200:
to
Gottorp in 1575. Francis II again helped his father to inhibit Magnus' second military attempt to overthrow his father in 1578. Francis I then made Francis II his vicegerent actually governing the duchy.
2522:
The addition in edged brackets not in the original. In the German original: "... auch die Höltzung für des Fürstenthumbs Niedersachsen Kern und Brunquell zu achten." Generaldisposition of Julius Francis,
1250:
1056:
736:
719:
571:
501:
784:
succeeded their father. In 1269, 1272 and 1282, the brothers gradually divided their governing competences within the three territorially unconnected Saxon areas along the Elbe river (one called
3114:
2403:
4034:
3473:
1652:. However, in 1876, the ducal government and the Ritter-und-Landschaft decided to dissolve the Duchy with effect on 1 July 1876. Its territory was then integrated into the Prussian
1208:
1158:
once having exploited all his means in 1571. Magnus II promised to redeem the pawned ducal demesnes with funds he gained as a Swedish military commander and by his marriage to
1227:, but unconcerted with his other sons Magnus and Maurice), Francis I made his third son, Francis II, whom he considered the ablest, his sole successor, violating the rules of
1425:, while the legal heirs, Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg, never waiving their claim, were dispossessed and the former exiled to
4666:
3504:
2719:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 383.
2696:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 382.
2660:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 379.
2614:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 380.
2591:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 381.
2426:, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, NeumĂĽnster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375.
1582:(Versicherungsacte) affirming the given laws, the constitution and the Ritter-und-Landschaft of Saxe-Lauenburg. In 1816, his administration took possession of the duchy.
851:-Lauenburg, seated in Lauenburg upon Elbe. John II, the eldest brother, wielded the electoral privilege for the Lauenburg Ascanians, but was rivalled by their cousin
1514:, a French client state. A small area with 15,000 inhabitants remained reserved for Napoléon's purposes. On 1 January 1811, most of the former duchy (except for the
626:
in the area of the Elbe estuary was disentangled from Saxe-Lauenburg in 1689 and administered as a separate territory under imperial custody, before it was ceded to
1259:
3144:
1613:
abdicated as duke and ceded the duchy to Prussia and Austria. After receiving a ÂŁ300,000 financial compensation, Austria waived its claim to Saxe-Lauenburg by the
1181:. The following year, Magnus hired troops in order to retake Saxe-Lauenburg via force. Francis II, an experienced military commander in imperial service, and Duke
934:, and Duke Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg, claiming the Saxon prince-electoral power. However, only Louis the Bavarian finally asserted himself as emperor of the
4631:
4027:
4268:
1039:
1008:
76:
759:, besides the right to elect the new emperor after the decease of the former. Saxe-Lauenburg always claimed the privilege, but could not prevail after 1356.
2020:, de facto dispossessed in 1803–05 and 1805–14, however he held up the title of duke, rejecting any unilateral act and annexation by Napoléon. Only at the
1589:(1848–1851), the Ritter-und-Landschaft prevented a Prussian conquest by requesting Hanoverian troops as peace-keeping occupational forces on behalf of the
1139:(Lutheran since 1529), held the first Lutheran preaches; at the northern entrance of St. Mary Magdalene Church in Lauenburg upon Elbe, one is recalled for
1348:
became extinct in the male line. However, female succession was possible by the Saxe-Lauenburgian laws. So, the two surviving daughters of Julius Francis—
4646:
3093:
The horse as a heraldic charge associated with Saxony first appears in the late 14th century as an "old Saxon" motif. The horse motif was adopted by the
1840:(*?-1436*), son of the preceding, ruled jointly with his father until 1412, his brother John IV until 1414 and his younger brother Bernard II as of 1426.
4558:
4235:
3990:
1000:, forcefully captured the pawned areas without making any repayment, before LĂĽbeck could take possession of them. LĂĽbeck acquiesced for the time being.
2305:
in the former duchy, but he was never sovereign ruler of the territory, which had been incorporated into Prussia in 1876. He moved to these estates in
1770:
1303–22: John II (*ca. 1275–1322*), ruled alone in Bergedorf-Mölln, rivalled as Saxon Prince-Elector by his cousin Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg in 1314
823:
4686:
4020:
3212:
1332:
into frontier disputes on manor estates which were in the process of evading Saxe-Lauenburgian overlordship into the competence of the city-states.
1162:. However, Magnus did not redeem pawns but further alienated ducal possessions, which ignited a conflict between Magnus and his father and brothers
3497:
1510:(November 11, 1806), France recaptured Saxe-Lauenburg. It remained under French occupation until 1 March 1810, when most of it was annexed to the
988:
In 1401, Eric III died without issue. The Lauenburg Elder Line was thus extinct in the male line and Eric III was succeeded by his second cousin
3068:
2497:
1746:
1296–1303 joint rule, then ruling until 1308 in Saxe-Ratzeburg, partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg, dying without issue Eric I inherited his share
637:
Some North Elbian municipalities of the former core duchy are not part of today's district of Lauenburg, since they had been ceded to the then
1297:
and alimenting foreign troops marching through posed a heavy burden onto the ducal subjects. Augustus was succeeded by his elder half-brother
3026:
2351:
also adopted this coat-of-arms when it gained Saxe-Wittenberg, which is why they reappear in the arms of many (formerly) Wettin-ruled states.
1147:, Magnus I's son, on the instigation of the Ritter-und-Landschaft, saw Lutheran preachers in many parishes. In 1566, Francis I appointed the
2459:, LĂĽbeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (=Historische Studien; vol. 406), pp. 90seq., simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
1959:
1357:
3136:
1472:
Coat of arms of Saxe-Lauenburg after 1866. These arms alter the Danish version, then featuring a golden horse head on red. Prussia added a
4651:
3490:
3101:. Historian James Lloyd suggests that 'the Saxon Steed motif was invented in the 14th century… as a faux ancient symbol for the Saxons'.
1324:, thus fighting the integration of manor estates in Saxe-Lauenburg into the monetary economies of the neighbouring economically powerful
2472:, LĂĽbeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (=Historische Studien; vol. 406), p. 137, simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
2470:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
2457:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
2444:
Städtische Territorialpolitik im Mittelalter: eine vergleichende Untersuchung ihrer verschiedenen Formen am Beispiel Lübecks und Zürichs
1888:
1581-88: Magnus II (*1543–1603*), son of the preceding, ruled jointly with his brothers Maurice and Francis II, Magnus resigned in 1588.
1079:
in 1500 as tax levying and army recruitment districts, the circle comprising Saxe-Lauenburg and all its neighbours became designated as
4641:
2446:, LĂĽbeck and Hamburg: Matthiesen, 1969, (=Historische Studien; vol. 406), p. 90, simultaneously: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1969.
2275:(1918–33/1947), a component state of the respective government forms of Germany. In 1946 the province assumed the rank of statehood as
1231:. This severed the already difficult relations with the estates of the duchy, which fought the ducal practice of growing indebtedness.
1023:. Armies of both cities opened a second front and conquered Bergedorf, Riepenburg castle and the Esslingen river toll station (today's
4261:
302:
2175:; also King of Denmark (as Christian VIII) and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein; previously King of Norway (1814, as Christian Frederick).
1370:
There were at least eight monarchies claiming the succession, resulting in a conflict involving further the neighbouring duchies of
1367:, who invaded Saxe-Lauenburg with his troops, thus inhibiting the ascension of the legal heiress to the throne, Duchess Anna Maria.
4043:
3202:
159:
106:
1810:
First named Saxe-Bergedorf-Lauenburg, however, renamed following a territorial redeployment after inheriting Albert III's share.
1483:
The duchy was occupied by French troops from 1803 to 1805, after which the French occupational troops left in a campaign against
1456:
ascended in 1760 and endorsed all the laws, the constitution and the Ritter-und-Landschaft of Saxe-Lauenburg by a writ issued in
298:
4636:
3072:
1349:
1341:
4327:
2724:
2701:
2665:
2619:
2596:
2431:
1766:
First named Saxe-Mölln, however, renamed following a territorial redeployment including parts of Albert III's share in 1321.
590:, territorially connecting the core of the duchy with these more southeastern Lauenburgian areas. This land was ceded to the
2985:
1945:
For 113 years, the duchy was ruled by members of the Welf dynasty. However, their rule was not legitimised until 1728, when
4656:
4254:
3438:
3054:(d. 7 September 1668), the only to ascend with him to the throne on 18 January 1656. She was mother of Duke Julius Francis.
3018:
2947:
2886:
2287:
1686:
1298:
1104:
120:
491:(green), including the tracts south of the Elbe and the Amt Neuhaus, but without Hadeln out of the map downstream the Elbe
4530:
4420:
4415:
4207:
4100:
4095:
3625:
3620:
3047:
1682:
1016:
2489:
comprises only small fringes of Lauenburgian Lower Saxon territory, to wit: its areas south of the river Elbe, such as:
1995:
1111:(guidelines for his government) "to also esteem the woodlands as heart and dwell of the Principality of Lower Saxony."
332:
3513:
1851:
1645:
1436:
rejected Celle's succession and thus retained Hadeln, which was out of Celle's reach, in his custody. His son, Emperor
1403:
796:
150:
1143:
in 1531. Tacitly, the congregations appointed Lutheran preachers so that the visitations of 1564 and 1566, ordered by
561:
In addition to the core territories in the modern district of Lauenburg, other territories, mostly south of the river
3076:
2828:
2025:
1920:
1353:
1155:
1144:
852:
1487:. British, Swedish and Russian Coalition forces would capture Saxe-Lauenburg in autumn 1805 at the beginning of the
4671:
4515:
4192:
3820:
3665:
3129:
1927:
1865:
1286:
1127:
4388:
1518:
and the Marschvogtei, which remained with Westphalia) was annexed to the First French Empire becoming part of the
670:
642:
1832:
In 1401, the younger branch inherited Lauenburg and other possessions of the extinct elder Bergedorf-Mölln line.
1182:
1148:
981:
and LĂĽbeck, thus providing a safe passage for freight between the cities. Eric III only retained a life tenancy.
804:
141:
4073:
4681:
4354:
3182:
3172:
2329:
2264:
1913:
1653:
1437:
1197:
1028:
800:
439:
3234:
3308:
3303:
3197:
1750:
In 1303 the brothers split their inheritance between them, however, only two brothers had heirs creating the
1736:
1296–1303 joint rule, then ruling until 1321 in Saxe-Ratzeburg, partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg (see section
1626:
1371:
1224:
663:
3187:
2931:
1312:
He confirmed the existing privileges of the nobility and the Ritter-und-Landschaft. In 1658, he forbade his
1306:
1899:
1743:
1163:
931:
877:
537:
that existed from 1296 to 1803 and again from 1814 to 1876 in the extreme southeast region of what is now
4507:
4277:
4184:
3886:
3538:
3254:
3122:
2898:
2823:, Werner Buchholz (ed.), Werner Conze, Hartmut Boockmann (contrib.), Berlin: Siedler, 1999, pp. 363 seq.
2280:
2017:
1879:
1872:
1774:
168:
4332:
3249:
2894:
1460:
on 21 January 1765. In 1794, George III donated annual rewards for the best teachers in Saxe-Lauenburg.
1364:
1289:
moved Saxe-Lauenburg's capital from Neuhaus upon Elbe to Ratzeburg, where it remained since. During the
1136:
319:
4499:
4176:
4012:
3873:
3315:
3192:
2939:
2906:
2242:
2222:
2024:, where all sides agreed, the title of duke passed to his nephew. Also King of Great Britain (becoming
2010:
1906:
1828:(*1354–1411/1412*), son of the preceding, ruled jointly with his sons Eric V and Bernard II since 1401.
1795:
1788:
1781:
1634:
1488:
1445:
1309:
in 1615, but guaranteed to leave the Lutheran state church and the Lower Saxon Church Order untouched.
1240:
946:
163:
2407:
1847:(*?-1414*), brother of the preceding, ruled jointly with his father until 1412 and his brother Eric V.
4676:
4661:
4525:
4202:
3955:
3244:
2968:
2172:
1987:
1892:
1844:
1825:
1818:
1733:
1726:
1296–1303 joint rule, then ruling until 1360 in Saxe-Bergedorf, partitioned from Saxe-Lauenburg (see
1719:, all of which ruled the Saxon dukedom before its partition into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg.
1716:
1704:
1618:
1411:
1391:
1267:
1167:
1159:
1151:
Franciscus Baringius as the first spiritual leader of the church in the duchy, not including Hadeln.
1020:
997:
989:
927:
777:
4378:
3573:
3264:
4425:
4323:
4319:
4105:
3927:
3835:
3630:
3463:
3281:
3177:
2923:
2179:
1858:
1837:
1723:
1708:
1685:, partially also presenting portraits. For portraits of the dukes, starting with Julius Henry, see
1594:
1574:, from Sweden, which thus again compensated Danish claims to Swedish Pomerania. On 6 December 1815
1507:
1495:(France's new form of government since 1804) ceded Saxe-Lauenburg, which it no longer held, to the
1407:
993:
773:
240:
62:
1215:, seat of the Lauenburg Younger Line by the end of the 16th century, until its destruction in 1616
4691:
4307:
3482:
2927:
2199:
2145:
1610:
1606:
1575:
1399:
Danish Holstein, which had invaded Ratzeburg and ruined the fortress, would withdraw its troops.
1220:
1131:
904:
895:, Duke John II of Saxe-Lauenburg using his claim as the Saxon prince-elector, Archbishop-Elector
654:
2013:; also King of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover, by title also Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg.
4590:
4520:
4362:
4197:
3980:
3950:
3917:
1854:(*1385/1392–1463*), brother of the preceding, ruled jointly with his brother Eric V as of 1426.
1712:
1379:
1123:
1035:
950:
781:
769:
638:
82:
3358:
3298:
3276:
3104:
2192:
1802:
In 1401, the elder branch became extinct and Lauenburg rejoined the Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line.
970:
613:
4494:
4463:
4171:
4143:
3909:
3815:
3757:
3368:
3259:
3239:
2272:
2212:
2095:
2050:
2003:
1902:(*1547–1619*), ruled jointly with his brothers Magnus II (till 1588) and Maurice (till 1612).
1511:
923:
919:
884:
706:
2324:
1967:
1361:
4430:
4410:
4405:
4336:
4110:
4090:
3942:
3765:
3749:
3635:
3610:
3605:
3434:
3353:
3320:
3293:
3039:
2935:
2234:
2124:
1638:
1602:
1590:
1539:
1519:
1457:
1383:
1290:
1171:
1075:
in its borders before 1180 still prevailed. So, when the Holy Roman Empire established the
873:
255:
154:
4246:
8:
4574:
4358:
4315:
3773:
3589:
3343:
3098:
2260:
2104:
2086:
2059:
1664:
1657:
1586:
1492:
1219:
Shortly before his death in 1581 (and after consultations with his son Prince-Archbishop
1140:
1024:
954:
939:
900:
888:
844:
827:
631:
542:
4453:
4350:
4297:
4292:
4133:
4058:
3655:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3459:
3335:
3286:
3152:
2276:
2268:
2153:
2132:
2118:
2077:
2021:
1946:
1614:
1571:
1543:
1535:
1496:
1426:
1186:
1088:
1080:
866:
598:
591:
538:
371:
1196:), helped Francis I to defeat Magnus. In return Saxe-Lauenburg ceded the bailiwick of
1003:
4373:
4342:
4063:
3733:
3660:
3563:
3455:
3442:
3271:
3156:
3147:
2919:
2824:
2720:
2697:
2661:
2615:
2592:
2482:
2427:
2290:
1885:
1574–81: Francis I (*1510–1581*), reascended the throne, replacing his son Magnus II.
1676:
1630:
1555:
1484:
1433:
1375:
935:
914:
received four of the seven votes in the same election, with the deposed King-Elector
863:
694:
145:
2319:
1963:
1895:(*1551–1612*), ruled jointly with his brothers Magnus II (till 1588) and Francis II.
1550:. On 7 June 1815, after 14 months under its rule, Prussia granted Saxe-Lauenburg to
1177:
In 1573, Francis I deposed Magnus and reascended to the throne while Magnus fled to
3853:
3688:
2202:; also King of Denmark (1863–1906, as Christian IX) and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
1980:
1698:
1503:
1468:
1422:
1345:
915:
702:
690:
674:
667:
480:
185:
3720:
4448:
4128:
3863:
3843:
3825:
3704:
3696:
3673:
3528:
3451:
3426:
2348:
2238:
2068:
2042:
2029:
1598:
1531:
1084:
1076:
1060:
896:
892:
859:
812:
808:
740:
723:
686:
575:
521:
505:
426:
345:
285:
97:
34:
2717:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2694:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2658:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2612:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2589:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
2424:
Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg
4548:
4476:
4458:
4346:
4225:
4153:
4138:
3975:
3781:
3741:
3430:
2492:
2246:
2218:
2165:
2128:
1991:
1622:
1567:
1236:
1212:
1189:
785:
756:
748:
714:
623:
608:
proper, then including areas on both sides of the Elbe, which was ceded to the
556:
546:
315:
201:
126:
1479:
in black and white, its official colours, and showed the horse head in silver.
4625:
3894:
3810:
3805:
3712:
3229:
3164:
3094:
2306:
2226:
1940:
1875:(*1510–1581*), son of the preceding, resigned in favour of his son Magnus II.
1649:
1452:
decreed the compulsory school attendance for all children in Saxe-Lauenburg.
1418:
1235:
Prince-Archbishop Henry, Francis II decreed a constitution (Niedersächsische
1228:
1154:
Francis I conducted a thrifty reign and resigned in favour of his eldest son
1119:
The people of Hadeln, represented by their estates of the realm, adopted the
883:. Louis received five of the seven votes, to wit John II, Archbishop-Elector
678:
627:
172:
3363:
1204:
4606:
4597:
4486:
4366:
4311:
4163:
2486:
1617:
in August 1865. The Ritter-und-Landschaft then offered the ducal throne to
1317:
974:
698:
659:
595:
2002:, after its capital), by title also Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg; also
4397:
4082:
2505:
2302:
2182:; also King of Denmark (as Frederick VII) and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
1547:
1515:
1329:
1302:
1271:
1120:
962:
605:
272:
112:
4042:
942:, however, conclusively named the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg as electors.
4540:
4217:
3615:
2501:
1453:
1429:
1031:
966:
789:
772:
conquered the area later comprising Saxe-Lauenburg, but it reverted to
583:
530:
2410:: 29 vols., 1910–1911, vol. 16 'L to Lord Advocate', p. 280.
1621:. In September of the same year, he accepted and ruled the duchy in a
992:
of the Younger Line. In the same year, Eric IV, supported by his sons
819:
2992:(26 December 1589 - 1 December 1630, mar. 1 August 1627), married to
2294:
2225:(1867–71). In 1871 Saxe-Lauenburg became a component state of united
1952:
1633:, as minister for Saxe-Lauenburg. In 1866, Saxe-Lauenburg joined the
1441:
1325:
1294:
1044:
958:
848:
836:
550:
189:
1534:, Saxe-Lauenburg was restored as a Hanoverian dominium in 1813. The
1562:
to Denmark, in order to compensate Denmark for the loss of Norway.
1356:—fought for the succession. Their weak position was abused by Duke
795:
After John I's resignation, Albert II ruled with his minor nephews
662:
of Saxe-Lauenburg as fixed by Duke Julius Francis and confirmed by
206:
3512:
3221:
840:
4553:
4230:
3985:
2259:
In 1876 the Duchy gave up statehood and was transformed into the
2149:
2123:
For almost fifty years, from 1815, Saxe-Lauenburg was within the
1563:
1476:
1473:
1313:
1277:
978:
620:
472:
384:
358:
1703:
The counting of the dukes includes the preceding Ascanian dukes
1502:
When Prussia (after it had turned against France as part of the
1386:, which had succeeded the Saxe-Wittenbergian Ascanians in 1422,
858:
In 1314, the dispute escalated into the election of two hostile
4303:
3348:
2161:
2157:
1559:
1551:
1387:
1178:
2922:(Freiberg, 2 May 1515 - 18 July 1592, Buxtehude), daughter of
4440:
4120:
3050:
and mother of Duke Francis Erdmann, and 3) on 18 August 1632
1395:
1321:
534:
216:
2715:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2692:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2656:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2610:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2587:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
2422:
Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in:
1087:-ruled Saxon electorate and duchies at that time formed the
977:. This acquisition included much of the trade route between
918:
illegitimately assuming electoral power, Archbishop-Elector
557:
Former territories not part of today's district of Lauenburg
4276:
710:
562:
1281:
View of Ratzeburg, 1590, with the castle in the foreground
1270:) had burnt down in 1616, Francis II moved the capital to
788:, another around Lauenburg upon Elbe and the third around
3002:
Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlĂĽcksburg
2067:
Recaptured by British, Swedish and Russian forces of the
1174:, further escalating due to Magnus' violent temperament.
682:
2994:
Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
2809:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2796:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2783:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2770:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2757:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2737:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2678:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2645:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2632:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2576:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2563:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2550:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2534:
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Herzogthums Lauenburg
2032:
in 1814), by title also Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg.
1293:(1618–1648), Augustus always remained neutral, however,
847:
and the Lauenburg Younger Line, with Eric I ruling Saxe-
3000:(24 May 1601 - 1 February 1660, mar. 23 May 1624) with
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
1050:
From the 14th century, Saxe-Lauenburg termed itself as
541:. Its territorial center was in the modern district of
2986:
Julius, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂĽttel)
2496:
ii) a tract of land along the southern Elbe bank, the
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2711:
2709:
2688:
2686:
2606:
2604:
1597:
was restored as Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg. Prussian and
1566:
gained the territory north of the Elbe, now ruled in
3025:(23 August 1624 - 1688, mar. 2 April 1665), wife of
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2544:
2542:
2418:
2416:
1558:
in return, however, additionally paying 2.6 million
1538:
established Saxe-Lauenburg as a member state of the
4667:
Former states and territories of Schleswig-Holstein
3097:in 1361 and also been used in several provinces in
2956:
Henry, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Dannenberg)
2354:
1344:, a son of Julius Henry, the Lauenburg line of the
1328:cities of Hamburg and LĂĽbeck. He entered with both
2706:
2683:
2601:
2206:
1953:House of Brunswick and Lunenburg–Celle (1689–1705)
1949:enfeoffed George II Augustus with Saxe-Lauenburg.
816:Hadeln as the separate territory of the brothers.
2742:
2539:
2413:
1417:Saxe-Lauenburg (except for Hadeln) passed to the
811:, providing Saxe-Lauenburg for the brothers, and
4623:
2841:Sophia of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂĽttel)
2811:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 51.
2798:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 49.
2785:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 47.
2772:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 96.
2759:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 66.
2739:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 41.
2680:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 15.
2647:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 27.
2634:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 25.
2578:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 21.
2565:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 18.
2552:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 16.
2536:, Ratzeburg: author's edition, 1832, p. 14.
2253:
612:in 1814. Today, this is all part of Lower Saxon
569:The tract of land along the southern Elbe bank (
3067:(15 April 1660 - 23 November 1681; daughter of
2112:
1974:
1692:
1444:Saxe-Lauenberg to George I's son and successor
630:in 1731. Now it is part of today's Lower Saxon
3069:Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
2982:Mary of Brunswick and Lunenburg (WolfenbĂĽttel)
1301:in 1656. He had converted from Lutheranism to
1071:as a naming for the area comprising the older
4632:1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
4262:
4028:
3498:
3130:
3046:(13 July 1589–24 December 1629), daughter of
3027:William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2868:(*before 1428-1473*) as daughter, married to
2217:For twelve years Saxe-Lauenburg was ruled in
1814:1303–38: Eric I (*?–1360*), resigned in 1338.
1727:
1183:Adolphus of Schleswig and Holstein at Gottorp
1019:and LĂĽbeck allied with Hamburg in support of
4604:
4595:
3052:Anna Magdalene, Baroness Popel von Lobkowitz
2320:Historical map of Schleswig Holstein in 1730
2186:
2036:
1934:
125:The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1848 (map in
26:
1805:
4647:States and territories established in 1296
4269:
4255:
4035:
4021:
3505:
3491:
3137:
3123:
1670:
973:in return for a credit of 16,262.5 LĂĽbeck
730:) gules, representing the Saxon office as
119:
1821:(*1318/1320–1368*), son of the preceding.
1737:
1641:was counted along with those of Prussia.
1546:bartered Saxe-Lauenburg against Prussian
1489:War of the Third Coalition against France
830:, former seat of the Lauenburg Elder Line
545:and originally its eponymous capital was
4687:States of the North German Confederation
4044:States of the North German Confederation
1930:(*1641–1689*), brother of the preceding.
1916:(*1586–1665*), brother of the preceding.
1467:
1276:
1203:
1114:
1015:In 1420, Eric V attacked Prince-Elector
1002:
818:
792:upon Elbe), thus preparing a partition.
653:
479:
2152:(1808–39, as Frederick VI) and Duke of
2028:in 1801), Elector of Hanover (becoming
1761:
1711:, and the latter's jointly ruling sons
1644:In 1871, Saxe-Lauenburg was one of the
520:) between the 14th and 17th centuries;
4624:
3073:Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
2905:(mar. in ca. 1420, d. 1462, mother of
2849:Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2325:Historical map of Lower Saxony in 1789
2138:
1350:Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
1335:
693:, an eagle crowned Or. Third quarter:
565:, occasionally belonged to the duchy:
4250:
4016:
3486:
3118:
1798:(*?–1401*), brother of the preceding.
1791:(*?–1370*), brother of the preceding.
1378:, as well as the five Ascanian-ruled
1305:in expectation of becoming appointed
807:, who by 1296 definitely partitioned
3019:John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
3015:Elisabeth Sophie of Holstein-Gottorp
2948:Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn
2887:Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg
1923:(*1629–1666*), son of the preceding.
1909:(*1577–1656*), son of the preceding.
1882:(*1543–1603*), son of the preceding.
1868:(*1488–1543*), son of the preceding.
1861:(*1439–1507*), son of the preceding.
1601:forces invaded the duchy during the
1027:). This forced Eric V to agree with
945:In 1370, John II's fourth successor
755:), pertaining to Saxon privilege as
3048:John George, Elector of Brandenburg
2944:Sidonia Katharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
2893:(1472 - 20 October 1522, as Eric I
2885:(c. 1446 – March 1519, daughter of
1996:Brunswick and Lunenburg (Calenberg)
1499:, which captured it early in 1806.
990:Eric IV of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg
13:
4652:States of the German Confederation
3514:States of the German Confederation
2952:Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg-Ratzeburg
2330:Historical atlas of Saxe-Lauenburg
2277:State (Land) of Schleswig-Holstein
2261:District of the Duchy of Lauenburg
1660:, meaning the Duchy of Lauenburg.
1404:John George III, Elector of Saxony
776:in 1227. In 1260, Albert I's sons
14:
4703:
4642:1876 disestablishments in Germany
3077:Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg
3023:Anna-Elisabetha of Saxe-Lauenburg
2313:
2026:King of Great Britain and Ireland
1784:(*?–1356*), son of the preceding.
1777:(*?–1343*), son of the preceding.
1463:
1450:Niedersächsische Landschulordnung
1354:Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg
926:, Louis's brother Prince-Elector
4387:
4072:
3537:
3211:
3146:
2309:and lived there until his death.
1525:
1038:Jordan Pleskow of LĂĽbeck to the
947:Eric III of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln
763:
465:
444:
419:
105:
75:
61:
3057:
3044:Elisabeth Sophia of Brandenburg
3032:
3007:
2998:Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg
2974:
2961:
2912:
2875:
2854:
2833:
2814:
2801:
2788:
2775:
2762:
2729:
2670:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2526:
2207:House of Hohenzollern (1865–76)
2156:; previously King of (1808–14)
1964:Brunswick and Lunenburg (Celle)
1095:became more colloquial and the
594:in 1814. It is now part of the
3864:ReuĂź-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf
3087:
2918:He married on 8 February 1540
2516:
2475:
2462:
2449:
2436:
2341:
2069:Third Coalition against France
1681:For the Duchesses consort see
1654:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
891:, the legitimate King-Elector
666:, in 1671. First quarter: the
549:, though the capital moved to
526:Hertugdømmet Sachsen-Lauenborg
440:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
1:
4637:1296 establishments in Europe
2254:Dependent rule (1876–present)
1627:Minister President of Prussia
1625:. William appointed the then
994:Eric (later ruling as Eric V)
664:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
485:
2870:Gerhard VII, Duke of Juliers
2807:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2794:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2781:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2768:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2755:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2735:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2676:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2643:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2630:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2574:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2561:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2548:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2532:Johann Friedrich Burmester,
2271:(1866–1918) and then of the
2241:(1861–88), President of the
2113:House of Oldenburg (1815–64)
1975:House of Hanover (1705–1803)
1693:House of Ascania (1296–1689)
1663:For the further history see
1646:component constituent states
1637:. However, its vote in the
1491:(1805–06). In December, the
1047:(Beiderstädtischer Besitz).
932:Electorate of the Palatinate
853:Rudolph I of Saxe-Wittenberg
681:, covered by a crancelin of
643:Barber Lyashchenko Agreement
7:
4657:States of the German Empire
4278:States of the German Empire
3065:Hedwig of Palatine Sulzbach
3038:He married three times: 1)
2936:Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
2924:Henry IV of Saxe-Wittenberg
2899:Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim
2845:Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
2281:Federal Republic of Germany
1402:George William compensated
510:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg
370:• Personal union with
357:• Personal union with
331:• Personal union with
28:Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg
10:
4708:
2940:Prince-Bishop of Paderborn
2932:Prince-Bishop of OsnabrĂĽck
2907:Eric II, Duke of Pomerania
2243:North German Confederation
2223:North German Confederation
2210:
2190:
2116:
2040:
1978:
1938:
1696:
1674:
1635:North German Confederation
1362:Brunswick and Lunenburgian
1307:Prince-Bishop of OsnabrĂĽck
1017:Frederick I of Brandenburg
649:
164:North German Confederation
4583:
4567:
4539:
4526:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4485:
4439:
4396:
4385:
4285:
4216:
4203:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4162:
4119:
4081:
4070:
4051:
3999:
3968:
3941:
3908:
3834:
3801:
3794:
3732:
3687:
3651:
3644:
3598:
3582:
3546:
3535:
3521:
3439:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
3377:
3334:
3220:
3209:
3163:
3042:, 2) on 27 February 1628
2990:Juliane of Saxe-Lauenburg
2988:) and they had daughters
2301:including estates in the
2221:with Prussia, within the
2187:Glücksburg line (1863–64)
2037:Napoleonic Wars (1803–14)
1935:House of Welf (1689–1803)
1728:#Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line
1160:Princess Sophia of Sweden
1137:Principality of Lunenburg
460:
398:
394:
381:
368:
355:
342:
329:
312:
295:
282:
278:
268:
264:
249:
234:
230:
222:
212:
196:
181:
134:
118:
94:
57:
43:
21:
4333:Lauenburg and BĂĽtow Land
2984:(1566-1626, daughter of
2920:Sybille of Saxe-Freiberg
2903:Sophia of Saxe-Lauenburg
2895:Prince-Bishop of MĂĽnster
2866:Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg
2335:
1966:, by title also Duke of
1806:Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line
1595:Frederick VII of Denmark
1508:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
1380:Principalities of Anhalt
1365:Principality of LĂĽneburg
774:Albert I, Duke of Saxony
344:• Dissolved during
297:• Partitioned into
284:• Partitioned from
69:Flag of the 19th century
4672:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg
3474:Unencircled territories
3235:Brunswick and Lunenburg
2928:Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg
2889:). Their children were
2883:Dorothea of Brandenburg
2408:Encyclopædia Britannica
2227:Germany (German Empire)
1968:Brunswick and Lunenburg
1671:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg
1611:Christian IX of Denmark
1607:Treaty of Vienna (1864)
1576:Frederick VI of Denmark
1554:, receiving the former
1340:With the death of Duke
905:Waldemar of Brandenburg
497:Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
23:Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
4605:
4596:
4591:German colonial empire
4521:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4198:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
3265:Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
2926:. Their children were
2891:Eric of Saxe-Lauenburg
1683:List of Saxon consorts
1506:) was defeated in the
1480:
1282:
1255:
1216:
1099:was later renamed the
1064:
1012:
831:
770:Valdemar II of Denmark
760:
752:
744:
727:
713:sable and argent, the
639:Soviet occupation zone
579:
525:
509:
492:
27:
4682:Purchased territories
3021:. Their daughter was
2862:Adelheid of Pomerania
2273:Free State of Prussia
2213:House of Hohenzollern
2096:Kingdom of Westphalia
2051:First French Republic
2004:King of Great Britain
2000:Electorate of Hanover
1738:#Bergedorf-Mölln line
1512:Kingdom of Westphalia
1471:
1421:and its cadet branch
1280:
1207:
1132:Lutheran Church Order
1115:After the Reformation
1029:Hamburg's burgomaster
1006:
985:26,000 LĂĽbeck Marks.
903:, and Prince-Elector
822:
732:Imperial Arch-Marshal
657:
483:
100:of the Saxe-Lauenburg
4568:Imperial Territories
4421:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4416:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4337:Starostwo of Draheim
4101:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4096:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3626:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3621:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3040:Anne of Ostfriesland
2267:, a province of the
2125:German Confederation
1775:Albrecht (Albert) IV
1762:Bergedorf-Mölln line
1687:List of Saxon rulers
1619:William I of Prussia
1603:Second Schleswig War
1591:German Confederation
1540:German Confederation
1384:Electorate of Saxony
1372:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1360:of the neighbouring
1172:estates of the duchy
299:Saxe-Mölln-Bergedorf
155:German Confederation
4531:Waldeck and Pyrmont
4208:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3826:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3450:Circles est. 1512:
3425:Circles est. 1500:
3155:(1500–1806) of the
2288:Imperial Chancellor
2193:House of GlĂĽcksburg
2139:Main line (1815–63)
2105:First French Empire
2087:First French Empire
2060:First French Empire
1789:Albrecht (Albert) V
1756:Ratzeburg-Lauenburg
1665:Herzogtum Lauenburg
1658:Herzogtum Lauenburg
1587:First Schleswig War
1493:First French Empire
1336:Disputed succession
1213:Lauenburg upon Elbe
1130:confirmed Hadeln's
1109:general disposition
1040:Treaty of Perleberg
1025:Zollenspieker Ferry
1009:Treaty of Perleberg
940:Golden Bull of 1356
632:Cuxhaven (district)
614:LĂĽneburg (district)
547:Lauenburg upon Elbe
543:Herzogtum Lauenburg
383:• Merged into
4355:Schleswig-Holstein
3471:
3467:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3153:Lower Saxon Circle
2980:Francis' wife was
2500:, connecting from
2468:Elisabeth Raiser,
2455:Elisabeth Raiser,
2442:Elisabeth Raiser,
2269:Kingdom of Prussia
2265:Schleswig-Holstein
2154:Schleswig-Holstein
2133:Kingdom of Denmark
2119:House of Oldenburg
2078:Kingdom of Prussia
2022:Congress of Vienna
2011:George II Augustus
1947:Emperor Charles VI
1615:Gastein Convention
1572:House of Oldenburg
1544:Kingdom of Hanover
1536:Congress of Vienna
1497:Kingdom of Prussia
1481:
1446:George II Augustus
1283:
1225:Emperor Rudolph II
1217:
1101:Lower Saxon Circle
1089:Upper Saxon Circle
1013:
832:
761:
705:. Fourth quarter:
689:. Second quarter:
610:Kingdom of Hanover
599:Harburg (district)
592:Kingdom of Hanover
539:Schleswig-Holstein
493:
4617:
4616:
4244:
4243:
4188:
4180:
4010:
4009:
3964:
3963:
3890:
3877:
3790:
3789:
3734:Ernestine duchies
3480:
3479:
3464:Electoral Rhenish
3157:Holy Roman Empire
2725:978-3-529-02606-5
2702:978-3-529-02606-5
2666:978-3-529-02606-5
2620:978-3-529-02606-5
2597:978-3-529-02606-5
2481:However, today's
2432:978-3-529-02606-5
2299:Duke of Lauenburg
2291:Otto von Bismarck
1998:(commonly called
1962:; also Prince of
1677:Duke of Lauenburg
1631:Otto von Bismarck
1556:Swedish Pomerania
1520:Bouches-de-l'Elbe
1458:St. James' Palace
1434:Emperor Leopold I
1320:or else alienate
1291:Thirty Years' War
1272:Neuhaus upon Elbe
1126:in 1525 and Duke
936:Holy Roman Empire
645:in November 1945.
582:), reaching from
478:
477:
456:
455:
452:
451:
432:
431:
251:• 1865–1876
236:• 1296–1303
146:Holy Roman Empire
4699:
4677:Dukes in Germany
4662:House of Ascania
4610:
4601:
4516:Schaumburg-Lippe
4511:
4503:
4473:
4391:
4370:
4340:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4247:
4193:Schaumburg-Lippe
4186:
4178:
4076:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4014:
4013:
3934:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3854:Reuss-Lobenstein
3850:
3849:
3821:Schaumburg-Lippe
3799:
3798:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3689:Anhalt (Ascania)
3670:
3649:
3648:
3541:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3472:
3468:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3215:
3151:
3150:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3091:
3080:
3061:
3055:
3036:
3030:
3011:
3005:
2978:
2972:
2969:Sophia of Sweden
2965:
2959:
2916:
2910:
2879:
2873:
2858:
2852:
2837:
2831:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2753:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2713:
2704:
2690:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2608:
2599:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2483:State of Germany
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2420:
2411:
2401:
2352:
2345:
2293:was awarded the
2085:Occupied by the
2076:Occupied by the
2058:Occupied by the
2049:Occupied by the
1981:House of Hanover
1699:House of Ascania
1656:as the district
1593:. In 1851, King
1580:Asseveration Act
1504:Fourth Coalition
1423:House of Hanover
1346:House of Ascania
1253:
1209:Lauenburg Castle
1141:Saint John's Eve
1103:. In 1659, Duke
1091:. The naming of
1077:Imperial Circles
1059:
916:Henry of Bohemia
824:Bergedorf Castle
753:Archimarescallus
739:
722:
574:
504:
490:
487:
471:
469:
468:
448:
447:
436:
435:
423:
422:
416:
415:
400:
399:
260:
245:
123:
109:
101:
87:
79:
70:
65:
38:
30:
19:
18:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4613:
4579:
4575:Alsace–Lorraine
4563:
4535:
4509:
4501:
4481:
4471:
4435:
4431:Weimar-Eisenach
4411:Hesse-Darmstadt
4392:
4383:
4335:and the former
4331:(including the
4330:
4301:
4281:
4275:
4245:
4240:
4212:
4158:
4115:
4111:Weimar-Eisenach
4091:Hesse-Darmstadt
4077:
4068:
4047:
4041:
4011:
4006:
3995:
3960:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3857:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3844:Reuss-Ebersdorf
3830:
3786:
3776:
3768:
3766:Gotha-Altenburg
3760:
3752:
3750:Coburg-Saalfeld
3744:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3683:
3668:
3640:
3636:Weimar-Eisenach
3611:Hesse-Darmstadt
3594:
3578:
3542:
3533:
3517:
3511:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3330:
3216:
3207:
3159:
3145:
3143:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3071:) and they had
3062:
3058:
3037:
3033:
3012:
3008:
2979:
2975:
2966:
2962:
2917:
2913:
2880:
2876:
2859:
2855:
2838:
2834:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2763:
2754:
2743:
2734:
2730:
2714:
2707:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2671:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2629:
2625:
2609:
2602:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2556:
2547:
2540:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2437:
2421:
2414:
2402:
2355:
2349:House of Wettin
2346:
2342:
2338:
2316:
2279:and joined the
2256:
2239:King of Prussia
2215:
2209:
2195:
2189:
2148:; also King of
2141:
2121:
2115:
2103:Annexed to the
2094:Annexed to the
2045:
2043:Napoleonic Wars
2039:
2030:King of Hanover
1983:
1977:
1955:
1943:
1937:
1921:Francis Erdmann
1808:
1764:
1752:Bergedorf-Mölln
1701:
1695:
1679:
1673:
1532:Napoleonic Wars
1528:
1466:
1338:
1249:
1170:as well as the
1117:
1107:decreed in his
1073:Duchy of Saxony
1055:
893:John of Bohemia
867:Frederick III,
813:Saxe-Wittenberg
766:
735:
718:
652:
570:
559:
500:
488:
484:Saxe-Lauenburg
466:
464:
445:
427:Duchy of Saxony
420:
387:
374:
361:
348:
346:Napoleonic Wars
335:
322:
305:
288:
286:Duchy of Saxony
258:
252:
243:
237:
204:
188:
177:
130:
110:
103:
98:Attributed arms
96:
90:
89:
88:
85:
80:
72:
71:
68:
66:
53:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4705:
4695:
4694:
4692:Former duchies
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4602:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4487:Principalities
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4251:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4164:Principalities
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3892:
3884:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3795:Principalities
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:Hildburghausen
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3326:Saxe-Lauenburg
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3165:Ecclesiastical
3161:
3160:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3056:
3031:
3017:, daughter of
3006:
2973:
2960:
2911:
2874:
2853:
2851:) as daughter.
2832:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2774:
2761:
2741:
2728:
2705:
2682:
2669:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2600:
2580:
2567:
2554:
2538:
2525:
2515:
2493:Land of Hadeln
2474:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2412:
2353:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2314:External links
2312:
2311:
2310:
2284:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:German Emperor
2245:(1867–71) and
2219:personal union
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2166:Denmark-Norway
2140:
2137:
2129:personal union
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2014:
2007:
1992:Prince-Elector
1988:George I Louis
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1960:George William
1954:
1951:
1939:Main article:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:Julius Francis
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1731:
1697:Main article:
1694:
1691:
1672:
1669:
1650:united Germany
1623:personal union
1570:by the Danish
1568:personal union
1542:. In 1814 the
1527:
1524:
1465:
1464:Napoleonic era
1462:
1374:and of Danish
1358:George William
1342:Julius Francis
1337:
1334:
1285:In 1619, Duke
1237:Kirchenordnung
1223:of Bremen and
1190:Circle Colonel
1149:Superintendent
1145:Duke Francis I
1116:
1113:
786:Land of Hadeln
768:In 1203, King
765:
762:
757:Prince-elector
651:
648:
647:
646:
635:
624:Land of Hadeln
617:
602:
558:
555:
476:
475:
462:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
442:
433:
430:
429:
424:
412:
411:
406:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
382:
379:
378:
375:
369:
366:
365:
362:
356:
353:
352:
349:
343:
340:
339:
336:
330:
327:
326:
323:
320:LĂĽneburg-Celle
316:Personal union
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:Saxe-Ratzeburg
296:
293:
292:
289:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
269:Historical era
266:
265:
262:
261:
253:
250:
247:
246:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
202:Roman Catholic
198:
194:
193:
186:Lauenburg/Elbe
183:
179:
178:
176:
175:
166:
157:
148:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
116:
115:
104:
92:
91:
81:
74:
73:
67:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
52:
51:
48:
44:
41:
40:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4704:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4620:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4502:(Junior Line)
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4398:Grand Duchies
4395:
4390:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4179:(Junior Line)
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4083:Grand Duchies
4080:
4075:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3956:Sondershausen
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3929:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3896:
3895:Reuss-Schleiz
3893:
3891:
3885:
3878:
3876:(Junior Line)
3872:
3865:
3862:
3855:
3852:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Liechtenstein
3809:
3807:
3806:Hesse-Homburg
3804:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:Grand duchies
3597:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3475:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3447:(Lower) Saxon
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:Upper Rhenish
3432:
3428:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3108:
3106:
3105:whole article
3100:
3096:
3095:House of Welf
3090:
3086:
3079:as daughters.
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3063:His wife was
3060:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3013:His wife was
3010:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2970:
2967:His wife was
2964:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2930:(as Henry II
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:His wife was
2878:
2871:
2867:
2864:and they had
2863:
2860:His wife was
2857:
2850:
2846:
2843:and they had
2842:
2839:His wife was
2836:
2830:
2829:3-88680-272-8
2826:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2529:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2308:
2307:Friedrichsruh
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:House of Welf
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:Post-Napoleon
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:House of Welf
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:Great Britain
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1229:primogeniture
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:Niedersachsen
1062:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
875:
871:
870:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
764:Early history
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
656:
644:
640:
636:
633:
629:
628:Bremen-Verden
625:
622:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
567:
566:
564:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
533:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Niedersachsen
511:
507:
503:
498:
482:
474:
463:
461:Today part of
459:
443:
441:
438:
437:
434:
428:
425:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
393:
389:
386:
380:
376:
373:
367:
363:
360:
354:
350:
347:
341:
337:
334:
328:
324:
321:
317:
311:
307:
304:
300:
294:
290:
287:
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
263:
257:
254:
248:
242:
239:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
174:
173:German Empire
170:
167:
165:
161:
158:
156:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
139:
137:
133:
128:
122:
117:
114:
108:
102:
99:
93:
84:
78:
64:
56:
49:
46:
45:
42:
36:
29:
20:
4619:
4607:Mitteleuropa
4598:Mittelafrika
4510:(Elder Line)
4508:Reuss-Greiz
4472:(until 1876)
4468:
4464:Coburg-Gotha
4367:West Prussia
4324:Hohenzollern
4320:Hesse-Nassau
4312:East Prussia
4187:(Elder Line)
4185:Reuss-Greiz
4148:
4144:Coburg-Gotha
3932:(until 1850)
3922:(until 1850)
3910:Hohenzollern
3899:(until 1848)
3889:(Elder Line)
3887:Reuss-Greiz
3858:(until 1824)
3848:(until 1824)
3777:(until 1826)
3769:(until 1826)
3758:Coburg-Gotha
3753:(until 1826)
3724:(until 1847)
3716:(until 1863)
3708:(until 1863)
3678:
3590:Hesse-Kassel
3446:
3424:
3423:until 1734.
3325:
3102:
3089:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3034:
3022:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2914:
2902:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2736:
2731:
2716:
2693:
2677:
2672:
2657:
2652:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2626:
2611:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2533:
2528:
2518:
2510:
2498:Marschvogtei
2487:Lower Saxony
2477:
2469:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2423:
2343:
2298:
2216:
2200:Christian II
2180:Frederick II
2122:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
1999:
1944:
1914:Julius Henry
1831:
1809:
1801:
1765:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1702:
1680:
1662:
1643:
1584:
1579:
1529:
1522:department.
1501:
1482:
1449:
1416:
1401:
1369:
1339:
1311:
1299:Julius Henry
1284:
1264:
1246:
1233:
1218:
1193:
1176:
1164:Francis (II)
1153:
1118:
1108:
1105:Julius Henry
1100:
1097:Saxon Circle
1096:
1093:Lower Saxony
1092:
1083:, while the
1081:Saxon Circle
1072:
1068:
1067:). However,
1052:Lower Saxony
1051:
1049:
1014:
987:
983:
944:
911:
909:
880:the Bavarian
879:
868:
860:German kings
857:
843:, seated in
833:
794:
767:
745:Erzmarschall
731:
728:Kurschwerter
685:bendwise in
660:coat of arms
609:
587:
580:Marschvogtei
560:
529:
518:Lower Saxony
517:
513:
496:
494:
409:Succeeded by
408:
403:
95:
83:Coat of arms
16:German duchy
4541:City-states
4500:Reuss-Gera
4379:WĂĽrttemberg
4308:Brandenburg
4300:as a whole
4280:(1871–1918)
4218:City-states
4177:Reuss-Gera
4046:(1866–1871)
3969:Free cities
3943:Schwarzburg
3928:Sigmaringen
3881:(from 1848)
3874:Reuss-Gera
3868:(1824-1848)
3761:(from 1826)
3745:(from 1826)
3700:(from 1863)
3669:(from 1839)
3583:Electorates
3574:WĂĽrttemberg
3516:(1815–1866)
3460:Upper Saxon
3415:until 1695.
3411:until 1640.
3407:until 1773.
3399:until 1596.
3395:until 1705.
3391:until 1731.
3383:until 1701.
3379:until 1648.
3294:Mecklenburg
3255:Grubenhagen
3240:Blankenburg
3178:Halberstadt
2954:(mar. with
2946:(mar. with
2511:Amt Neuhaus
2506:Amt Neuhaus
2404:"LAUENBURG"
2303:Sachsenwald
2173:Christian I
2146:Frederick I
2016:1760–1814:
1958:1689–1705:
1898:1581–1619:
1891:1581-1612:
1857:1463–1507:
1824:1368–1412:
1794:1370–1401:
1585:During the
1578:issued his
1548:East Frisia
1516:Amt Neuhaus
1392:Brandenburg
1330:city-states
1303:Catholicism
1256:Ewige Union
1194:Kreisobrist
1187:Lower Saxon
1124:Reformation
1036:Burgomaster
1021:Brandenburg
961:, half the
949:pawned the
874:Wittelsbach
606:Amt Neuhaus
596:Lower Saxon
588:Amt Neuhaus
489: 1400
404:Preceded by
273:Middle Ages
192:(from 1619)
113:Saxon Steed
86:(1507–1671)
4626:Categories
4363:Westphalia
3951:Rudolstadt
3616:Luxembourg
3456:Burgundian
3443:Franconian
3419:from 1701.
3403:from 1708.
3387:from 1648.
3369:Nordhausen
3364:MĂĽhlhausen
3321:Regenstein
3277:GlĂĽckstadt
3183:Hildesheim
3099:Westphalia
2938:and as IV
2502:Marschacht
2249:(1871–88).
2211:See also:
2191:See also:
2168:from 1784.
2117:See also:
2107:, 1810–14.
2098:, 1807–10.
2080:, 1805–07.
2062:, 1804–05.
2053:, 1803–04.
2041:See also:
2018:George III
2006:from 1714.
1979:See also:
1900:Francis II
1852:Bernard II
1744:Albert III
1707:, his son
1675:See also:
1530:After the
1454:George III
1438:Charles VI
1430:Ploskovice
1241:consistory
1198:Steinhorst
1032:Hein Hoyer
967:Geesthacht
963:Saxon Wood
951:Herrschaft
910:Frederick
878:Louis IV,
872:, and his
797:Albert III
790:Wittenberg
699:water lily
584:Marschacht
531:reichsfrei
213:Government
4477:Meiningen
4469:Lauenburg
4459:Altenburg
4454:Brunswick
4426:Oldenburg
4347:Rhineland
4328:Pomerania
4154:Meiningen
4149:Lauenburg
4139:Altenburg
4134:Brunswick
4106:Oldenburg
4003:partially
3981:Frankfurt
3918:Hechingen
3782:Meiningen
3742:Altenburg
3679:Lauenburg
3656:Brunswick
3631:Oldenburg
3287:Pinneberg
3245:Calenberg
3198:Ratzeburg
3193:Magdeburg
3103:(see the
2934:, as III
2509:iii) the
2297:title of
2295:honorific
2286:In 1890,
2233:1865–76:
2198:1863–64:
2178:1848–63:
2171:1839–48:
2144:1815–39:
2131:with the
2127:, and in
2009:1727–60:
1986:1705–27:
1926:1666–89:
1919:1665–66:
1912:1656–65:
1905:1619–56:
1880:Magnus II
1878:1571-74:
1873:Francis I
1871:1543–71:
1864:1507–43:
1850:1426–63:
1843:1401–14:
1836:1401–36:
1817:1338–68:
1787:1356–70:
1780:1343–56:
1773:1322–43:
1717:Albert II
1705:Bernard I
1648:founding
1639:Bundesrat
1605:. By the
1442:enfeoffed
1326:Hanseatic
1295:billeting
1268:Bernard I
1260:von BĂĽlow
1251:‹See Tfd›
1156:Magnus II
1057:‹See Tfd›
1045:Bergedorf
959:Vierlande
955:Bergedorf
928:Rudolph I
849:Ratzeburg
845:Bergedorf
837:Bergedorf
828:Bergedorf
778:Albert II
737:‹See Tfd›
720:‹See Tfd›
715:electoral
572:‹See Tfd›
553:in 1619.
551:Ratzeburg
528:), was a
512:, called
502:‹See Tfd›
377:1865–1876
364:1814–1864
351:1803–1814
338:1705–1803
325:1689–1705
308:1303–1401
200:Earlier:
197:Religion
190:Ratzeburg
50:1814–1876
47:1296–1803
4286:Kingdoms
4052:Kingdoms
3705:Bernburg
3661:Holstein
3547:Kingdoms
3452:Austrian
3427:Bavarian
3309:Strelitz
3304:Schwerin
3272:Holstein
3203:Schwerin
2897:, as II
2283:in 1949.
1907:Augustus
1866:Magnus I
1796:Eric III
1782:John III
1754:and the
1709:Albert I
1599:Austrian
1427:Bohemian
1412:George I
1376:Holstein
1287:Augustus
1254:German:
1128:Magnus I
1121:Lutheran
920:Henry II
912:the Fair
869:the Fair
864:Habsburg
717:swords (
697:, three
668:Ascanian
207:Lutheran
4554:Hamburg
4441:Duchies
4359:Silesia
4316:Hanover
4298:Prussia
4293:Bavaria
4231:Hamburg
4121:Duchies
4059:Prussia
3986:Hamburg
3666:Limburg
3645:Duchies
3569:Hanover
3559:Bavaria
3554:Prussia
3529:Austria
3522:Empires
3431:Swabian
3354:Hamburg
3316:Rantzau
3299:GĂĽstrow
3282:Gottorp
3260:Hanover
3222:Secular
2821:Pommern
2504:to the
2491:i) the
2263:within
2237:; also
2235:William
2150:Denmark
2089:, 1807.
2071:, 1805.
1990:; also
1893:Maurice
1845:John IV
1826:Eric IV
1819:Eric II
1758:lines.
1734:John II
1609:, King
1564:Denmark
1485:Austria
1477:gyronny
1474:bordure
1314:vassals
1185:, then
1168:Maurice
979:Hamburg
930:of the
924:Cologne
885:Baldwin
876:cousin
805:John II
701:leaves
673:of ten
650:History
641:by the
621:exclave
586:to the
473:Germany
385:Prussia
372:Prussia
359:Denmark
333:Hanover
314:•
256:William
244:(first)
205:Later:
182:Capital
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