385:
726:
citizens residing abroad would have to be checked and revalidated. A few days before that decree was to come into force, 17,000 German Jews that were or could be considered to be citizens of Poland were rounded up and unceremoniously dumped on the Polish border in various border towns, including 6,800 in Zbąszyń. The Polish government in turn refused to admit those of them who did not hold valid Polish passports. The Polish authorities hoped that the concentration of large numbers of Jews expelled from
Germany near the border would exert pressure on the Germans and induce them to begin negotiations to hasten the return of the Jews back to their former homes. As a result, thousands of Jews were stuck on the border in makeshift facilities for several days or weeks in appalling conditions.
730:
171:
326:
54:
64:
83:
1417:
844:
151:
90:
42:
753:
A committee to help the refugees was also set up in Zbąszyń headed by a Jewish flour-mill owner named
Grzybowski. The refugees were housed in army barracks and in buildings forming part of the flour mill, and fifteen hundred of them were accommodated in private dwellings. Expenses were met by the aid
725:
began on
October 27, 1938, as the Nazis began arresting Jews of Polish nationality in Germany with the intention of expelling them to Poland. The Nazis took this decision was the issuing of a decree by the Polish Ministry of the Interior on the 6 October 1938 which called for the passports of Polish
772:
Negotiations between the Polish authorities and the
Germans came to an end on the 24 January 1939, when an agreement was signed under which the deportees were allowed to return to Germany, in groups not exceeding one hundred at a time, for a limited stay to settle their affairs and liquidate their
660:
broke out, which goal was to reunite the region with the reborn Polish state. 42 Polish insurgents died in battle in Zbąszyń. At the local cemetery, there are graves of Polish insurgents who either died in battle, were executed by the
Germans in the town, or died in German captivity. The town
696:
ran through Zbąszyń, and in 1929 a new larger railway station building was erected to enable the handling of heavy traffic and accommodate the necessary offices. In this period, the proportion of Poles increased and in 1938, the population of the town stood at 5,400 which included 360
776:
The Polish government, for its part, enabled the families of the deportees to join them in Poland. These arrangements took until the summer of 1939, and most probably, a small number of refugees were still on their temporary stay in
Germany when the Germans
645:. Having experienced a strong influx of population from Germany in the 17th century, Bentschen was predominantly German-speaking until 1920. According to the German census of 1890, Bentschen had a population of 3,176, of which 200 (6.3%) were
737:
During the initial stage, the local inhabitants of Zbąszyń responded to the authorities' appeal and provided the refugees with warm water and some food. On the afternoon of the 30 October 1938, help arrived from Warsaw supplied by
784:
In 1939, frequent border violations by
Germany took place, and on 25 August, Germany halted international rail transport. On 1 September 1939, the day of the German invasion of Poland, which marked the beginning of
327:
853:
757:
The situation generated widespread outrage among the Jewish community in Poland, which conducted extensive efforts to help the internees in any way possible. It also prompted
1582:
444:
953:
823:
resistance organization, was arrested by the
Germans in 1941, and sentenced to death and executed the following year. In January 1945, a German-perpetrated
773:
businesses. The proceeds of such liquidation would have to be deposited in blocked accounts in
Germany from which withdrawals were practically impossible.
812:
750:, who were to form the General Jewish Aid Committee for Jewish Refugees from Germany in Poland, established several days later on the 4 November 1938.
805:
110 Poles, activists, officials and wealthier residents with entire families, whose homes were then handed over to German colonists as part of the
815:
camp for Jews in the town, and destroyed the pre-war monument dedicated to the Polish insurgents of the
Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919. The
111:
1154:
1592:
1383:
1436:
769:, the anti-semitic pogrom of November 9–10, 1938. Eventually the Polish government finally allowed them, in stages, to enter the country.
440:
1218:
789:, at dawn, the Germans invaded the town, which was recaptured by the Poles in the morning, however, it soon fell to Germany. During the
816:
712:
412:
1082:
384:
1556:
918:
1431:
1244:
1541:
657:
1597:
1202:
798:
1521:
790:
888:
1511:
1506:
1355:
1551:
1501:
824:
802:
1471:
1456:
1278:
1194:
1065:
962:
1466:
1376:
1109:
Działalność społeczna Straży Granicznej na pograniczu polsko – niemieckim na przykładzie komisariatu SG w Zbąszyniu
832:
765:, a German Embassy official in Paris, on November 7, 1938, which in turn provided the Nazis an excuse to carry out
1561:
1546:
416:
17:
400:
467:
82:
1587:
1441:
1000:
1160:
1516:
1132:
63:
1345:
747:
287:
1369:
487:
1042:
983:
451:
341:
176:
53:
1191:
Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945
719:
who did not hold German citizenship or had it taken away, and who originally hailed from Poland. The
424:
143:
1416:
914:
662:
163:
1481:
266:
345:
188:
866:
828:
729:
666:
479:
373:
276:
8:
1124:
1496:
980:
Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany
1392:
778:
758:
739:
455:
349:
200:
1486:
1274:
1198:
743:
483:
388:
1120:
961:(in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 104. Archived from
878:
420:
411:
before 1311, making Zbąszyń one of the oldest towns in Poland. It was held by the
1027:(in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 197.
955:
Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.
673:
475:
471:
408:
320:
930:
904:
894:
762:
427:. By the early 15th century, Zbąszyń evolved as a centre of the Greater Polish
365:
1461:
1576:
1536:
1531:
882:
794:
766:
646:
642:
463:
126:
113:
1491:
786:
709:
432:
361:
395:
While the earliest mentions of the settlement date back to 1231, the name
1526:
1451:
721:
716:
653:
1349:
1294:
807:
1058:
Lista strat Powstania Wielkopolskiego od 27.12.1918 r. do 8.03.1920 r.
1446:
693:
257:
1476:
404:
369:
1061:
470:, it was regained by the Poles and included within the short-lived
436:
428:
1001:"Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Posen Brandenburg, Kreis Meseritz"
462:
and was administered as part of the newly established province of
908:
898:
843:
827:
of prisoners of various nationalities from the dissolved camp in
698:
677:
1361:
819:
was present in Zbąszyń. The co-founder of the local unit of the
1358:
from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives.
689:
685:
337:
283:
262:
183:
156:
1158:
Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland, 1919–1939
681:
195:
1320:
917:(born 1938), Polish former basketball player, member of the
1273:(in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 493.
702:
333:
851:
There is a historical and ethnographic museum in Zbąszyń (
1041:(in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii
869:
club is Obra Zbąszyń. It competes in the lower leagues.
439:, administratively located in the Kościan County in the
308:
368:
historic region, about 75 km (47 mi) west of
1356:
Holdings related to German-Jewish expulsion to Zbąszyń
1025:
Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego
41:
1346:
Nazi Germany and the Jews: 1938 – “The Fateful Year”
490:, which passed through the town was built in 1870.
1131:, Relevant page available via Google Book Search:
478:, it was reannexed by Prussia and was part of the
1271:Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945
1055:
811:policy. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a
1574:
1583:Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship
399:first appeared in a 1277 deed, issued by Duke
1377:
1056:Olszewski, Wiesław; Jastrząb, Łukasz (2008).
372:. Gmina Zbąszyń is part of the Polish-German
27:Place in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
1384:
1370:
1188:
1083:"Zbąszyń (miasto w powiecie nowotomyskim)"
676:, the town was located on the border with
1150:
1148:
982:(in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii
854:Muzeum Ziemi Zbąszyńskiej i Regionu Kozła
1245:"Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bentschen"
842:
728:
656:, Poland regained independence, and the
383:
1114:
891:(1690–1756), Polish nobleman and writer
665:in 1920, according to the terms of the
14:
1575:
1145:
995:
993:
507:
1365:
948:
946:
919:Poland men's national basketball team
1593:Populated riverside places in Poland
1077:
1075:
872:
733:Zbąszyń railway station in the 1930s
1129:The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945
990:
801:, and in December 1939 the Germans
348:. It is the administrative seat of
231:5.57 km (2.15 sq mi)
24:
1299:Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie
943:
680:. International trains connecting
502:
25:
1609:
1391:
1339:
1072:
407:residence. Its citizens received
1415:
833:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
692:and the Polish-Soviet border at
319:
169:
149:
88:
81:
62:
52:
40:
1313:
1287:
1263:
1237:
1211:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1136:
761:, a Polish Jew, to assassinate
641:In 1871, it became part of the
468:Greater Poland uprising of 1806
89:
1101:
1049:
1031:
1017:
972:
661:eventually became part of the
454:in 1793 it became part of the
13:
1:
1598:Holocaust locations in Poland
936:
474:. However in 1815, after the
797:population was subjected to
748:Joint Distribution Committee
488:Frankfurt-Posen railway line
458:, under the Germanized name
415:monarchs until in 1393 King
401:Przemysł I of Greater Poland
360:The town is situated on the
355:
7:
924:
821:Narodowa Organizacja Bojowa
252:1,300/km (3,400/sq mi)
10:
1614:
1189:Wardzyńska, Maria (2017).
1087:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
1066:Politechniki Koszalińskiej
838:
817:Polish resistance movement
652:After Germany's defeat in
452:Second Partition of Poland
447:of the Kingdom of Poland.
379:
342:Greater Poland Voivodeship
1424:
1413:
1399:
1064:: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
1039:Dokumentacja Geograficzna
860:
835:passed through the town.
634:
520:—
304:
294:
273:
256:
248:
240:
235:
227:
222:
214:
206:
194:
182:
162:
142:
107:
76:
48:
39:
32:
1219:"NS-Gefängnis Bentschen"
431:movement. Zbąszyń was a
391:Church of the Assumption
1193:(in Polish). Warszawa:
658:Greater Poland uprising
482:which later became the
466:. After the successful
445:Greater Poland Province
1111:, p. 41-42 (in Polish)
1043:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
984:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
848:
734:
663:Second Polish Republic
392:
846:
781:on 1 September 1939.
732:
494:Historical population
423:governor Jan Głowacz
417:Władysław II Jagiełło
387:
309:http://www.zbaszyn.pl
275: • Summer (
127:52.25306°N 15.91778°E
1107:Wojciech Grobelski,
968:on 13 November 2011.
915:Stanisław Olejniczak
667:Treaty of Versailles
480:Grand Duchy of Posen
374:Pomerania Euroregion
249: • Density
1170:Grobelski, p. 55-57
1125:Wolfgang Wippermann
1045:. 1967. p. 60.
986:. 2017. p. 1a.
495:
450:As a result of the
123: /
1588:Nowy Tomyśl County
1295:"Ewakuacja piesza"
849:
759:Herschel Grynszpan
740:Emanuel Ringelblum
735:
493:
456:Kingdom of Prussia
441:Poznań Voivodeship
393:
346:Nowy Tomyśl County
241: • Total
228: • Total
132:52.25306; 15.91778
1570:
1569:
1204:978-83-8098-174-4
889:Stefan Garczyński
873:Notable residents
847:Museum in Zbąszyń
791:German occupation
744:Yitzhak Gitterman
708:In October 1938,
639:
638:
484:Province of Posen
314:
313:
16:(Redirected from
1605:
1497:Nowe Jastrzębsko
1482:Nowa Wieś Zbąska
1419:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1321:"obrazbaszyn.pl"
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1291:
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1284:
1267:
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1260:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1186:
1180:
1179:Grobelski, p. 57
1177:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1152:
1143:
1142:Grobelski, p. 55
1140:
1134:
1121:Michael Burleigh
1118:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
997:
988:
987:
976:
970:
969:
967:
960:
950:
879:Marcin Czechowic
713:decided to expel
509:
504:
496:
492:
419:ceded it to his
331:
330:
329:
322:
280:
175:
173:
172:
155:
153:
152:
138:
137:
135:
134:
133:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
92:
91:
85:
66:
56:
44:
30:
29:
21:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1487:Nowa Wieś-Zamek
1420:
1411:
1395:
1390:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1249:Bundesarchiv.de
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1223:Bundesarchiv.de
1217:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1197:. p. 156.
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1054:
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1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1007:
999:
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991:
978:
977:
973:
965:
958:
952:
951:
944:
939:
927:
875:
863:
841:
674:interwar period
476:Napoleonic Wars
472:Duchy of Warsaw
437:Polish nobility
409:town privileges
382:
358:
325:
324:
300:
274:
207:First mentioned
170:
168:
150:
148:
131:
129:
125:
122:
117:
114:
112:
110:
109:
103:
102:
101:
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99:
98:
97:
93:
72:
71:
70:
69:
60:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Schloss Neudorf
15:
12:
11:
5:
1611:
1601:
1600:
1595:
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1585:
1568:
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1428:
1426:
1422:
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1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1388:
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1374:
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1360:
1359:
1353:
1341:
1340:External links
1338:
1335:
1334:
1312:
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1279:
1262:
1236:
1210:
1203:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1144:
1135:
1113:
1100:
1071:
1068:. p. 175.
1048:
1030:
1016:
989:
971:
941:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
931:Henryk Rolirad
926:
923:
922:
921:
912:
905:Hans Petersson
902:
895:Otto Schmirgal
892:
886:
874:
871:
862:
859:
840:
837:
799:various crimes
779:invaded Poland
763:Ernst vom Rath
637:
636:
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631:
628:
625:
621:
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617:
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366:Greater Poland
357:
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312:
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177:Greater Poland
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1537:Stare Czeskie
1535:
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1532:Przyprostynia
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1523:
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1440:
1438:
1437:Czerwony Dwór
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:Town and seat
1398:
1394:
1393:Gmina Zbąszyń
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1357:
1354:
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1280:83-85003-97-5
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1200:
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1192:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:Joseph Marcus
1151:
1149:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1060:(in Polish).
1059:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1006:
1005:treemagic.org
1002:
996:
994:
985:
981:
975:
964:
957:
956:
949:
947:
942:
932:
929:
928:
920:
916:
913:
911:mathematician
910:
907:(1902–1984),
906:
903:
900:
897:(1900–1944),
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:(1532–1613),
880:
877:
876:
870:
868:
858:
856:
855:
845:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:forced labour
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
782:
780:
774:
770:
768:
767:Kristallnacht
764:
760:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
731:
727:
724:
723:
718:
714:
711:
706:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:German Empire
633:
629:
626:
623:
622:
618:
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612:
611:
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1557:Szklana Huta
1492:Nowe Czeskie
1406:
1325:. Retrieved
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1303:. Retrieved
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68:Coat of arms
1542:Stefanowice
1527:Przychodzko
1462:Leśne Domki
1452:Ernestynowo
1323:(in Polish)
1305:26 November
1301:(in Polish)
1251:(in German)
1225:(in German)
1089:(in Polish)
825:death march
754:committee.
722:Polenaktion
717:German Jews
654:World War I
336:in western
295:Postal code
218:before 1311
215:Town rights
189:Nowy Tomyśl
164:Voivodeship
130: /
1577:Categories
1507:Nowy Świat
1350:Yad Vashem
1010:2021-05-09
937:References
901:politician
885:theologian
865:The local
808:Lebensraum
236:Population
115:52°15′11″N
1562:Zakrzewko
1552:Strzyżewo
1547:Stefanowo
1522:Poświętne
1502:Nowy Dwór
1447:Edmundowo
1432:Chrośnica
1327:15 August
694:Negoreloe
460:Bentschen
356:Geography
258:Time zone
118:15°55′4″E
1425:Villages
1062:Koszalin
925:See also
867:football
829:Żabikowo
803:expelled
635:Source:
421:Masovian
1512:Perzyny
1467:Łomnica
1442:Dąbrowa
1407:Zbąszyń
1352:website
1348:on the
839:Culture
831:to the
746:of the
701:and 52
699:Germans
678:Germany
672:In the
443:in the
429:Hussite
403:at his
397:Sbansin
389:Baroque
380:History
317:Zbąszyń
305:Website
201:Zbąszyń
144:Country
96:Zbąszyń
34:Zbąszyń
1517:Piaski
1477:Nądnia
1277:
1255:30 May
1229:30 May
1201:
1093:30 May
909:German
899:German
883:Polish
861:Sports
795:Polish
793:, the
715:those
690:Warsaw
686:Berlin
630:+30.6%
619:+17.2%
608:−21.5%
597:+10.5%
586:+21.8%
564:+18.1%
553:+19.2%
542:+18.6%
486:. The
425:Nałęcz
413:Polish
405:Poznań
370:Poznań
338:Poland
299:64-360
184:County
174:
157:Poland
154:
1472:Morgi
1457:Kopce
966:(PDF)
959:(PDF)
688:with
682:Paris
647:Poles
627:7,211
616:5,521
605:4,711
594:6,000
583:5,432
575:−0.3%
572:4,460
561:4,473
550:3,787
539:3,176
531:+9.2%
528:2,677
517:2,451
344:, in
340:, in
332:is a
323:
284:UTC+2
263:UTC+1
244:7,211
196:Gmina
1329:2020
1307:2023
1275:ISBN
1257:2021
1231:2021
1199:ISBN
1095:2021
742:and
703:Jews
684:and
624:2010
613:1960
602:1950
591:1939
580:1931
569:1921
558:1910
547:1900
536:1890
525:1880
514:1871
503:Pop.
499:Year
362:Obra
334:town
288:CEST
223:Area
210:1231
58:Flag
1195:IPN
857:).
435:of
277:DST
267:CET
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