425:
243:
52:
110:
1927:
20:
536:
274:. Older boys would wear a uniform of grey flannel shorts, shirt, tie, blazer and cap. Older boys progressed from shorts to long flannel trousers. Most schools set an age or height criteria for the transition to the wearing of ‘longs’. Schools developed distinguishing coloured stripes for blazers, sweaters, ties and caps, and their own unique blazer and cap badge. The 1920s school boy's uniform remained little changed until well into the second half of the twentieth century, after the
525:
235:
548:
1725:"Governing bodies should be able to demonstrate that they have obtained the best value for money from suppliers. Any savings negotiated with suppliers should be passed on to parents wherever possible. Schools should not enter into cash back arrangements. Exclusive single supplier contracts should be avoided unless regular tendering competitions are run where more than one supplier can compete for the contract and where best value for parents is secured."
1717:
their child.” No school uniform should be so expensive as to leave pupils or their families feeling unable to apply to, or attend, a school of their choice, due to the cost of the uniform. School governing bodies should therefore give high priority to cost considerations. The governing body should be able to demonstrate how best value has been achieved and keep the cost of supplying the uniform under review."
1722:"The school uniform should be easily available for parents to purchase and schools should seek to select items that can be purchased cheaply, for example in a supermarket or other good value shop. Schools should keep compulsory branded items to a minimum and avoid specifying expensive items of uniform eg expensive outdoor coats."
1716:
Subsequent to court rulings, governors are obliged to ensure the uniform is affordable. The School
Admissions Code 2012, which is statutory guidance, states "Admission authorities must ensure that policies around school uniform or school trips do not discourage parents from applying for a place for
1297:
A single average figure has little statistical meaning, but taken as a whole this is a large sum of money for many families, and of course is cumulative. Several government departments are monitoring the situation , Social
Services from the point of view of large families poverty and the Office for
1306:
A comparative survey was done in 2015, and this reveals what it costs to kit up a primary child, and a secondary child with respect to items only available at a named supplier. Though generic items are available from major supermarket chains, the vast majority of schools insist that some items are
361:
had agreed to be stockists. In the 1920-1950, families would travel across the country, to London or
Manchester on a specific shopping trip. This was a lucrative business for the stores; whole floors were set aside for boys' school uniform and separately for girls' school uniform, they hoped that
320:
was originally worn for gymnastics and sports. It developed into a major element of female school uniform by the 1920s, worn with a blouse and tie: in some schools this arrangement continued into the 1960s. Also identifying knitted cardigans or sweaters, blazers with felt hats or straw boaters
451:"It was unusual even then to be a state school without a uniform, but we felt we were spending far too much time addressing issues of non-compliance. Too many conversations with students were about tucking shirts in. We were desperate to focus on the important issues of teaching and learning."
348:
While parents at schools with a more liberal regime were pressurising the head teacher and governors to introduce and enforce a strict formal uniform to make their children look like grammar school children of the 1950s. This they believed would improve discipline and raise standards.
100:
The appearance of a uniform at most schools was slow to develop, and was rare before the beginning of the 19th century. It was influenced by the appearance of uniforms in civilian professions and trades, the growing sobriety of men's fashions, and the emergence of sportswear.
1017:
As not all these items will be required by each school, and a child will require more of certain items than others, and will grow throughout the year, an attempt has been made to factor in these cost to establish a table of 'total cost of ownership´.
730:
By means of a survey of over 1100 participants, the average cost of each item of 'required' school clothing was calculated. It is displayed to show the effect on the child's age, and whether their school was a maintained school or a self-governing
262:
After the First World War, the old-fashioned knickerbockers gave way to shorts for younger boys, and black stockings and boots were superseded by socks and shoes. Elementary schools had no formal uniform, younger boys continued to wear comfortable
365:
Two visits were essential, firstly for the measuring up and then for the fitting. This was an expensive business for the families, the lists set by minor public schools were extensive and the items were not available elsewhere. Names such as
340:
By the 1960s two parallel debates on the virtue of school uniform had opened up. Parents at schools with strict formal uniform code were battling the governors to relax the rules and follow the example of A. S. Neil at
254:
Throughout the
Edwardian era, in the private and grammar schools the established uniform of knickerbockers, Norfolk or lounge jacket, white shirt with Eton collar and bow tie or knotted tie held sway. Short drawers or
424:
483:. The school then bought one set of the uniform for each child, and offered a future subsidy of 75% to the poorer families through the Learning Support Fund: this addressed concern about affordability.
89:
Other children were not so lucky, village children might get a basic education in reading, writing and reckoning courtesy of their parish church school. Others in the new industrial towns, attended
559:
Some primary school uniform items are either optional or not considered part of the school uniform at all. The items which are compulsory in more than one third of primary schools are:
191:. The Norfolk jacket with its cloth belt and vertical stitched-down pleats, originated as a sporting garment and had become popular school and weekend wear during the 1880s/1890s,
2106:
321:
trimmed with bands in the school colours were also worn, both public schools and local grammar schools insisting on formal uniforms that conformed to precise specifications. At
63:
The first written reference to a uniform for boys was in 1222 when the
Archbishop of Canterbury mandated that students wear a robe-like outfit called the "cappa clausa".
613:
The number of compulsory uniform items and the proportion of schools requiring them are greater for secondary than for primary schools. Frequently compulsory items are:
1709:
The
Department strongly encourages schools to have a uniform as it can play a valuable role in contributing to the ethos of a school and setting an appropriate tone.
2113:
121:
which attempted to ensure children were instructed in reading, writing and religion but it was not effectively policed. Boys continued to wear their own clothes.
30:
are worn in over 90% of primary and secondary schools in
England. Parents are required to purchase the uniform which in 2015 averaged roughly £212.88 per child.
401:
From the late 1950s the use of exclusive uniform has been confined to a few garments. There will still be the expensive blazers but they may be worn with
2080:
436:
However, there is no reliable research showing that uniform improves the academic results of a school. School uniforms act as a form of social control.
279:
97:
was the largest, the teachers were in the main volunteers and attendance was voluntary. There was no uniform, children attended in their only clothes.
175:
available for all children in
England and Wales. Grammar school headteachers put their pupils into uniform to distinguish them from pupils at the new
1791:
74:
charity issued an obligatory uniform to its scholars. It was designed to emphasise the low status of the children, and was based on the clerical
2186:
357:
Schools issued parents and potential parents with an equipment list, including many school specific designs. They specified which
132:
children would have already been wearing. Eton introduced the Eton suit for boys under 5 ft 4ins, comprising a short dark ‘
1950:
226:’ with coloured waist sashes were worn. By the end of the century this practical sportswear became the general school uniform.
1804:
475:
Reduce conflict and promote positive relationships, allowing students and teachers to concentrate on teaching and learning"
172:
1712:
It is the governors' right to determine the uniform. The department recommends that governors have a formal uniform policy.
495:, the trust will often in a rebranding exercise that involves a change in school uniform. The uniforms become more formal.
521:
A study in 2007 found that secondary schools were more likely than primary schools to define compulsory items of clothing.
2117:
498:
Uniform is not always popular, especially with students and an inflexible approach can lead to protests. In 2017 during a
294:
1896:
345:
and dispense with it, or at least change it into the comfortable sweatshirt and polo shirt with generic grey trousers.
242:
118:
51:
440:
2054:
2170:
194:
Throughout the century girls generally did not wear a uniform. As schools started teaching girls team sports,
2201:
417:
Parents say that wearing a uniform helps all children to fit into a school. The school uniform manufacturer,
367:
164:
2144:
1818:
1755:
466:
Strengthen the students’ sense of belonging to their school and pride in being part of the school community.
455:
They were reintroduced following parental pressure in 2012. In 2019 the head teacher of a
Norfolk academy,
2018:
109:
2211:
1830:
518:
Some parents have been turning off the heat in their buildings, or going into debt to afford uniforms.
479:
He had first consulted the parents by letter and in a meeting, The change was rolled out starting with
1362:
Some items have to be purchased from designated shop and some have to be purchased from the school
2206:
1988:"News - Research shows wearing a school uniform helps to reduce bullying | School Uniforms by Trutex"
1375:All items can be purchased from anywhere
184:
1349:
Some items have to be purchased from designated shop and some can be purchased anywhere
82:
were yellow as it was supposed to deter vermin from breeding- these were changed to whites in 1865.
1014:
All parents/carers where child's school requires uniform (1,183), Source: Survey of parents/carers
732:
492:
145:
34:
1701:
All parents/carers where child's school requires PE kit (1,134). Source: Survey of parents/carers
187:, black woollen stockings, leather boots, white shirts with starched Eton collars and a lounge or
2216:
429:
94:
463:"Further strengthen the school ethos, values and expectations, including good school behaviour
1987:
456:
326:
86:
were not worn until 1706; when they were provided for the sick and weakly and later for all.
2140:
1396:
However parents are also obliged to provide sports kit, and the same sorts of issues apply.
1311:
Average total expenditure on all school uniform items in 2015 by where uniform is available
1735:
391:
71:
8:
395:
285:
Elementary school girls under 14 wore dresses that followed fashionable lines, the loose
223:
144:
followed the trend and many adopted a sober uniform of short jacket and trousers, white
2042:
402:
275:
125:
1298:
Fair
Trading who sees the uniform suppliers and schools operating an unfair monopoly.
459:, wrote to parents to explain the reasons for a uniform change. He stated that they:
2166:
1800:
390:
were well known. There were specialist shops such as Plums, Rowes of Bond Street and
358:
342:
211:
1921:
322:
168:
1868:
552:
362:
families would then visit other floors and do a major shop in other departments.
310:
298:
19:
330:
247:
188:
141:
67:
535:
2195:
1442:
199:
90:
524:
234:
503:
421:
commissioned research in 2017 that showed school uniforms stopped bullying.
306:
180:
176:
78:
and was russet in colour, but was changed after one year to be blue. Their
2081:"Teenage boys wear skirts to school to protest against 'no shorts' policy"
547:
529:
480:
383:
286:
157:
133:
129:
56:
2163:
Blazers, badges and boaters : a pictorial history of school uniform
329:
comprehensive school that opened in 1954, started out with a uniform of
447:, Devon, abolished it in 2004. The head said in an interview in 2011:
379:
371:
195:
499:
79:
55:
18th century statues depicting boy and girl charity school pupils in
289:
of the 1890s and early 1900s, protected beneath a white or coloured
290:
83:
46:
1388:
All parents/carers where child's school requires uniform (1,183).
1294:
All parents/carers where child's school requires uniform (1,183).
387:
375:
317:
268:
264:
153:
149:
137:
75:
2187:
DCSF guidance to schools on school uniform and related policies
1789:
444:
418:
406:
398:. Where the private schools led, the grammar schools followed.
271:
256:
215:
203:
1027:
Average total expenditure on individual items of uniform 2015
472:
Reduce the need to challenge students over inappropriate dress
2043:
KEVICC uniform protests: Students 'face expulsion'. BBC News.
507:
334:
313:. The early twentieth-century schoolgirl was more confident.
302:
219:
207:
1968:
540:
140:. Other public schools had their own interpretations. Town
250:
uniform in 1953, with tie, blazer, cap and short trousers.
744:
Average costs of uniform by item, phase and type in 2015
210:
were unsuitable for energetic activities and so stretchy
136:’ jacket, grey trousers, large starched white collar and
1831:"Background of the Issue - School Uniforms - ProCon.org"
113:
The uniform of Eton College, unchanged since about 1820.
409:
has been replaced in some schools by one in polyester.
278:
when secondary education was made free to all, and the
528:
A school uniform shop with various school branding on
1849:
1337:
All items have to be purchased from designated shop
37:
encourage all schools in England to have a uniform.
2019:"School uniform does not improve results – discuss"
70:pupils were given second-hand clothes, in 1552 the
439:Some schools have moved away from school uniform.
301:older schoolgirls typically wore a plain tailored
128:formalised their dress code standardising on what
2139:Parts of this article include direct copies from
725:
2193:
1922:http://www.oldtowns.co.uk/Cheshire/stockport.htm
510:in protest at not being allowed to wear shorts.
305:and often a masculine-style shirt and tie. Many
23:Pupils at St Swithun's School in school uniform.
16:Uniform clothing worn by English schoolchildren
412:
486:
469:Improve equality and reduce inconsistencies
352:
259:’ were worn for team sports and athletics.
2145:HM Governments Open government license v 3
2012:
2010:
2008:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1819:HM Governments Open government license v 3
555:in uniform with their school shoes removed
513:
2047:
1894:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
491:Every time a school is converted into an
309:families were sending their daughters to
119:Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802
2160:
1974:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1855:
1790:Elizabeth Davies - BMG Research (2015),
546:
534:
523:
423:
241:
233:
108:
50:
18:
2016:
2005:
1875:
539:Unbranded school uniform on sale at an
2194:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2078:
2017:Northen, Stephanie (18 January 2011).
1948:
1772:
1939:
238:A typical 1950 girls' school uniform.
104:
2107:"Consumer Protection-School Uniform"
1951:"The politics of the school uniform"
394:. The items had to be marked with a
229:
2127:
2094:
13:
93:in addition to working full-time.
14:
2228:
2180:
2165:. Horndean, Hants : Scope Books.
1897:"Short history of school uniform"
1869:"St Thomas Church, Heaton Chapel"
337:that identified the girls house.
1704:
1564:Football/rugby shirt (Boys only)
1530:Football/rugby boots (Boys only)
1307:branded with the schools logo.
441:King Edward VI Community College
160:as would be worn by cricketers.
2154:
2079:Morris, Steven (22 June 2017).
2072:
2036:
1980:
1949:Corner, Lena (31 August 2011).
1915:
1861:
1823:
1748:
726:Annual costs of school uniform
405:trousers. The pre-war woollen
1:
1741:
1581:Swimming costume (Girls only)
1391:
165:Elementary Education Act 1870
2161:Davidson, Alexander (1990).
386:, Gooch's of Knightsbridge,
179:elementary schools. Younger
117:The century opened with the
7:
1799:, Department of Education,
1793:Cost of School Uniform 2015
1729:
1598:Swimming trunks (Boys only)
413:Sociology of school uniform
295:shorter shift-style dresses
10:
2233:
1835:school-uniforms.procon.org
1089:Jumper/sweatshirt/cardigan
826:Jumper/sweatshirt/cardigan
487:Politics of school uniform
202:a functional kit evolved.
66:In the early 16th century
44:
40:
28:School uniforms in England
1895:Shrimpton, Jayne (2014).
1683:Hockey boots (Girls only)
1425:T-shirts (all year round)
1301:
1055:Shirt/blouse (Girls only)
1026:
792:Shirt/blouse (Girls only)
753:
750:
743:
716:
708:
626:
623:
618:
564:
297:during the 1920s. By the
2143:which is licensed under
733:academy (English school)
353:School uniform suppliers
287:calf-length smock-frocks
35:Department for Education
2114:Office for Fair Trading
2059:www.marshlandhigh.co.uk
1157:Skirt/kilt (Girls only)
894:Skirt/kilt (Girls only)
514:Cost of school uniforms
430:Raynes Park High School
124:Around 1820, the elite
95:Stockport Sunday School
2116:. 2007. Archived from
1727:
1719:
1411:Average cost per item
1408:students needing item
695:specific type of shoes
556:
544:
532:
453:
433:
251:
239:
114:
60:
24:
2055:"200 invalid-request"
1924:Scan from a directory
1720:
1714:
1414:Average items bought
1044:Average items bought
550:
538:
527:
457:Marshland High School
449:
427:
245:
237:
112:
54:
22:
2202:Education in England
1736:Education in England
392:Billings and Edmonds
388:Kendals of Deansgate
380:Lewis's of Liverpool
183:boys generally wore
173:elementary education
1977:, pp. 162–173.
1666:Skirts (Girls only)
1326:All parents/carers
1312:
1049:annual expenditure
578:sweatshirt / fleece
432:in school uniform.
2212:Society of England
1903:. Brighton, Sussex
1310:
1174:Shorts (Boys only)
1041:Average unit cost
911:Shorts (Boys only)
557:
545:
533:
434:
403:Marks and Spencers
282:was raised to 15.
280:school leaving age
252:
240:
220:knee-length skirts
115:
105:Nineteenth century
61:
25:
1806:978-1-78105-483-3
1756:"School uniforms"
1699:
1698:
1649:PE shirt (summer)
1632:PE shirt (winter)
1513:Tracksuit bottoms
1386:
1385:
1292:
1291:
1072:Shirt (Boys only)
1012:
1011:
809:Shirt (Boys only)
721:
720:
609:
608:
396:Cash's name tapes
359:department stores
303:calf-length skirt
230:Twentieth century
169:33 & 34 Vict.
72:Christ's Hospital
2224:
2207:British uniforms
2176:
2148:
2136:
2125:
2124:
2123:on 2 April 2014.
2122:
2111:
2103:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1892:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1827:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1787:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1752:
1399:
1398:
1313:
1309:
1021:
1020:
738:
737:
616:
615:
562:
561:
323:Kidbrooke School
311:boarding schools
265:knitted sweaters
246:A typical boy's
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2173:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2137:
2128:
2120:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1955:The Independent
1947:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1817:licensed under
1811:
1809:
1807:
1796:
1788:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1732:
1707:
1394:
1304:
1038:% needing item
775:Size of sample
728:
717:(40 per cent).
553:Sandbach School
551:Boys attending
516:
489:
415:
355:
299:First World War
232:
142:grammar schools
107:
49:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2217:School uniform
2214:
2209:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2181:External links
2179:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2141:School uniform
2126:
2093:
2071:
2046:
2035:
2004:
1992:www.trutex.com
1979:
1967:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1874:
1860:
1848:
1822:
1805:
1771:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1417:Average total
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1303:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:Dress/pinafore
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1047:Average total
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
976:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:Dress/pinafore
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
908:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
771:
768:
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762:
759:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
745:
742:
727:
724:
719:
718:
715:
711:
710:
709:(63 per cent)
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
666:
663:
659:
658:
655:
652:
648:
647:
644:
641:
640:shirt / blouse
637:
636:
633:
629:
628:
625:
621:
620:
607:
606:
605:(36 per cent)
603:
599:
598:
597:(39 per cent)
595:
591:
590:
589:(44 per cent)
587:
583:
582:
581:(53 per cent)
579:
575:
574:
571:
567:
566:
515:
512:
502:, boys at the
488:
485:
477:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
414:
411:
354:
351:
333:with coloured
331:air force blue
276:Butler reforms
248:grammar school
231:
228:
204:Fitted bodices
189:Norfolk jacket
185:knickerbockers
126:public schools
106:
103:
91:Sunday Schools
68:charity school
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2229:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2082:
2075:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1975:Davidson 1990
1971:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:Davidson 1990
1930:
1923:
1918:
1902:
1901:Preston Pages
1898:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1858:, p. 11.
1857:
1856:Davidson 1990
1852:
1837:. 25 May 2016
1836:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1808:
1802:
1795:
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1761:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1705:2013 Guidance
1702:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
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1207:
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1202:
1199:
1196:
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1190:
1189:
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1182:
1179:
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1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
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1128:
1125:
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1117:
1114:
1111:
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1100:
1097:
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1080:
1077:
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1046:
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1035:
1031:
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1023:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1004:
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994:
990:
987:
984:
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978:
977:
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964:
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868:
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848:
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837:
834:
831:
828:
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811:
808:
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800:
797:
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791:
790:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
758:
757:
748:
747:
740:
739:
736:
734:
723:
713:
712:
705:
704:
700:
697:
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689:
686:
683:
682:
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
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631:
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611:
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584:
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569:
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531:
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501:
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468:
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448:
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437:
431:
426:
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420:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
360:
350:
346:
344:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
260:
258:
249:
244:
236:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:callisthenics
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:In 1870, the
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
111:
102:
98:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
48:
38:
36:
31:
29:
21:
2162:
2155:Bibliography
2138:
2118:the original
2084:. Retrieved
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2058:
2049:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2023:The Guardian
2022:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1982:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:
1929:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1863:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1810:, retrieved
1792:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1700:
1419:expenditure
1418:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1048:
1033:
1016:
1013:
729:
722:
714:school badge
651:skirt / kilt
612:
610:
594:shirt/blouse
558:
520:
517:
504:Isca Academy
497:
490:
478:
454:
450:
438:
435:
428:Pupils from
416:
400:
364:
356:
347:
339:
325:, the first
315:
307:middle-class
284:
261:
253:
193:
181:board school
177:school board
171:c. 75) made
162:
123:
116:
99:
88:
65:
62:
32:
27:
26:
1936:, p. .
1404:(n=1,134)
1321:Total cost
1034:(n=1,183)
770:Other type
627:Percentage
573:Percentage
543:supermarket
530:polo shirts
481:Key Stage 3
384:Daniel Neal
208:long skirts
154:knotted tie
146:Eton collar
134:bum freezer
130:upper class
57:Rotherhithe
2196:Categories
2172:0906619254
2028:30 January
1997:30 January
1960:28 January
1907:27 January
1841:27 January
1812:30 January
1765:2023-10-22
1742:References
1392:Sports kit
1329:(n=1,183)
764:Other type
754:Secondary
673:sweatshirt
619:Secondary
602:skirt/kilt
372:Selfridges
368:John Lewis
343:Summerhill
196:gymnastics
80:petticoats
45:See also:
1615:Tracksuit
1445:/trainers
1443:Plimsolls
1140:Schoolbag
877:Schoolbag
500:heat wave
293:, became
214:or loose
158:round cap
59:, London.
1730:See also
1382:£188.82
1379:(n=179)
1369:£228.35
1356:£211.73
1353:(n=734)
1343:£237.76
1340:(n=206)
1332:£212.88
1123:Trousers
860:Trousers
787:(n=287)
784:(n=423)
781:(n=280)
778:(n=173)
751:Primary
662:trousers
624:Garment
586:trousers
570:Garment
565:Primary
291:pinafore
224:bloomers
84:Breeches
47:Bluecoat
2086:22 June
1695:£37.69
1678:£14.59
1661:£11.69
1644:£13.63
1627:£19.04
1610:£10.82
1593:£11.75
1576:£17.83
1559:£15.20
1542:£39.49
1525:£12.54
1457:£28.28
1437:£11.97
1366:(n=60)
1288:£42.05
1271:£38.83
1254:£17.45
1203:£14.11
1186:£15.83
1169:£20.83
1152:£18.61
1135:£30.65
1118:£59.13
1101:£28.66
1084:£24.62
1067:£23.66
1032:Sample
1008:£43.38
991:£33.92
974:£19.00
906:£16.41
889:£21.02
872:£13.34
855:£35.34
838:£16.94
767:Academy
761:Academy
493:academy
376:Harrods
318:gymslip
269:flannel
216:blouses
212:jerseys
150:bow tie
138:top hat
76:cassock
41:History
2169:
2064:6 July
1803:
1760:Gov.uk
1689:£31.50
1672:£11.80
1638:£12.05
1621:£18.52
1587:£11.12
1570:£18.16
1553:£12.96
1547:Jumper
1536:£34.88
1519:£10.52
1508:£8.46
1491:£6.49
1479:PE bag
1474:£8.82
1462:Shorts
1451:£19.84
1302:Prices
1282:£32.67
1265:£34.05
1259:Blazer
1237:£5.26
1220:£7.14
1163:£10.59
1146:£13.86
1112:£30.19
1095:£12.36
1024:Table
1005:£38.92
1002:£26.94
999:£28.33
988:£34.57
985:£30.00
982:£31.00
979:Blazer
971:£20.50
957:£5.97
940:£1.53
923:£7.91
903:£18.41
886:£20.63
869:£13.59
852:£37.82
849:£26.34
846:£25.15
835:£16.67
832:£10.39
829:£10.11
821:£6.73
804:£7.38
741:Table
684:blazer
635:Girls
508:skirts
445:Totnes
419:Trutex
407:blazer
335:berets
272:shorts
257:shorts
156:and a
2121:(PDF)
2110:(PDF)
1797:(PDF)
1655:£8.45
1604:£7.52
1502:£3.61
1496:Socks
1485:£6.54
1468:£5.75
1431:£7.09
1402:item
1316:item
1248:£8.44
1231:£5.03
1214:£5.20
1197:£1.63
1191:Socks
1180:£6.40
1129:£9.79
1106:Shoes
1078:£5.36
1061:£5.65
968:£7.92
965:£7.47
954:£5.60
951:£3.61
948:£4.21
937:£1.78
934:£1.54
931:£1.74
928:Socks
920:£9.35
917:£5.22
914:£6.00
900:£6.81
897:£6.92
883:£8.96
880:£8.94
866:£7.06
863:£7.45
843:Shoes
818:£5.76
815:£4.92
812:£4.64
801:£7.39
798:£4.42
795:£3.84
632:Boys
506:wore
2167:ISBN
2088:2017
2066:2020
2030:2018
1999:2018
1962:2018
1909:2018
1843:2018
1814:2018
1801:ISBN
1276:Coat
996:Coat
541:Asda
316:The
267:and
222:or ‘
218:and
206:and
198:and
33:The
1692:0.9
1675:1.1
1669:12%
1658:1.5
1652:18%
1641:1.3
1635:19%
1624:1.0
1618:25%
1607:1.1
1601:26%
1590:1.1
1584:29%
1573:1.1
1567:30%
1556:1.2
1550:32%
1539:1.2
1533:35%
1522:1.2
1516:41%
1505:3.4
1499:50%
1488:0.9
1482:58%
1471:1.5
1465:89%
1454:1.4
1448:93%
1434:1.8
1428:97%
1285:1.3
1279:56%
1268:1.2
1262:35%
1251:2.2
1245:19%
1234:1.1
1225:Hat
1217:1.4
1211:45%
1208:Tie
1200:9.3
1194:76%
1183:1.7
1177:40%
1166:2.3
1160:80%
1149:1.2
1143:79%
1132:2.1
1126:83%
1115:2.2
1109:96%
1098:2.5
1092:91%
1081:5.3
1075:98%
1064:4.5
1058:99%
945:Tie
706:tie
701:39
690:36
679:39
668:39
657:43
646:82
443:in
327:LCC
152:or
2198::
2129:^
2112:.
2096:^
2057:.
2021:.
2007:^
1990:.
1953:.
1941:^
1899:.
1877:^
1833:.
1774:^
1758:.
1686:5%
1228:9%
735:.
698:37
687:38
676:36
665:80
643:80
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
148:,
2175:.
2090:.
2068:.
2032:.
2001:.
1964:.
1911:.
1871:.
1845:.
1768:.
654:-
255:‘
167:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
