Grammar school - Knowledge

987: 774: 408:, ruled in 1805, "There is no authority for thus changing the nature of the Charity, and filling a School intended for the purpose of teaching Greek and Latin with Scholars learning the German and French languages, mathematics, and anything except Greek and Latin." Although he offered a compromise by which some subjects might be added to a classical core, the ruling set a restrictive precedent for grammar schools across England; they seemed to be in terminal decline. However it should be borne in mind that the decline of the grammar schools in England and Wales was not uniform and that until the foundation of 1445:(all-boys). Within these schools there are academically top classes, the very competitive Scholars' class or "A" class. Graduates tend to become part of the upper class. These schools recruit pupils worldwide, particularly from large emerging Asian economies. Recruitment is carried out under the auspices of the Special Assistant Plan Scholars programme, the ASEAN Scholars programme, and the India and China Scholars programmes. Gifted pupils, such as winners of Mathematical Olympiads, international violin and piano competitions, Physics Olympiads and child inventors are particularly sought after. 301: 1232: 29: 751: 1429:, the Singapore government established publicly funded bilingual schools based on the existing grammar school system. Since the 1960s their mission was to provide a high-quality elite education to the top 10% in national annual IQ tests, regardless of socio-economic background. These bilingual schools were influenced by the US educational system, and termed "high schools" rather than "grammar schools". Other, less elitist, state schools were called simply "secondary schools", similar to the UK equivalent of "comprehensive schools". High schools include 921: 163: 866: 1312: 425: 511: 1061: 862:. As a result, Northern Ireland still maintains the grammar school system, with many pupils being entered for academic selection exams similar to the 11-plus. Since the "open enrolment" reform of 1989, these schools (unlike those in England) have been required to accept pupils up to their capacity, which has also increased. By 2006, the 69 grammar schools took 42% of transferring children, and only 7 of them took all of their intake from the top 30% of the cohort. 4204: 573: 1466: 1164: 672:(1965), there were structural problems within the testing process that underpinned the eleven plus which meant it tended to result in secondary modern schools being overwhelmingly dominated by the children of poor and working-class parents, while grammar schools were dominated by the children of wealthier middle-class parents. The Tripartite System was largely abolished in England and Wales between 1965, with the issue of 507:, which created the Endowed Schools Commission with extensive powers over endowments of individual schools. It was said that the commission "could turn a boys' school in Northumberland into a girls' school in Cornwall". Across England and Wales schools endowed to offer free classical instruction to boys were remodelled as fee-paying schools (with a few competitive scholarships) teaching broad curricula to boys or girls. 4214: 376:; However, by this time demand for these languages had fallen greatly. A new commercial class required modern languages and commercial subjects. Most grammar schools founded in the 18th century also taught arithmetic and English. In Scotland, the burgh councils updated the curricula of their schools so that Scotland no longer has grammar schools in any of the senses discussed here, though some, such as 4193: 1331:

selected academic students from across New Zealand. The schools mentioned below all share the school motto: "Per Angusta Ad Augusta" (Through difficulties to honours). They also share the same icon/logo, the "Auckland Grammar Lion". Today, all grammar schools in New Zealand are non-selective state schools, but they use school donations to supplement their government funding. Within the

1052:. The New South Wales public education system operates 19 selective public schools which resemble the English grammar-school system insofar as they engage in academic selection by way of centralised examination, they do not charge tuition fees and they are recipients of a greater degree of public funding per pupil than is afforded to non-selective government schools. 192:(627) The schools were attached to cathedrals and monasteries, teaching Latin – the language of the church – to future priests and monks. Other subjects required for religious work were occasionally added, including music and verse (for liturgy), astronomy and mathematics (for the church calendar) and law (for administration). With the foundation of the 1372: 790:. The Act also defined a procedure by which local communities could petition for a ballot for an end to selection at schools. Petitions were launched in several areas, but only one received the signatures of 20% of eligible parents, the level needed to trigger a ballot. Thus the only ballot held to date was for 1456:

business and community leaders. The Ministry of Education published annual rankings, but discontinued them after criticism of excessive academic stress placed on schoolchildren, some of whom committed suicide in response to perceived failure. After the 1990s all schools were integrated into a unified

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By the end of the 1980s, all of the grammar schools in Wales and most of those in England had closed or converted to comprehensive schools. Selection also disappeared from state-funded schools in Scotland in the same period. Although almost all former grammar schools ceased to be selective, there are

334:, founded by John Gamlyn and John Blanche in 1588. Many of these are still commemorated in annual "Founder's Day" services and ceremonies at surviving schools. The usual pattern was to create an endowment to pay the wages of a master to instruct local boys in Latin and sometimes Greek without charge. 1120:

attempted to reform the schools in the 1850s and the 1860s by moving control of the schools from counties (the former districts) to city authorities, securing their funding and introducing inspectors. However, his efforts to convert the schools into classical schools for only boys were unsuccessful.

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Commission was appointed to examine the remaining 782 endowed grammar schools. The commission reported that the distribution of schools did not match the current population, and that provision varied greatly in quality, with provision for girls being particularly limited. The commission proposed the

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councils, and the burghs also founded new schools. With the increased emphasis on studying the scriptures after the Reformation, many schools added Greek and, in a few cases, Hebrew. The teaching of these languages was hampered by a shortage of non-Latin type and of teachers fluent in the languages.

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colonies. These schools initially taught young men the classical languages as a preparation for university, but by the mid-18th century many had broadened their curricula to include practical subjects. Nevertheless, they declined in popularity owing to competition from the more practical academies.

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The CHIJMES building has commemorative plaques for these abandoned babies. The children were termed "children of God" and raised as Catholics. When laws banning polygamy became strictly enforced in Singapore after 1965, these schools extended their English-speaking classes to girls from families of

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which select a cohort of pupils based on academic ability. The tripartite system (reduced to grammar and secondary modern schools) does survive in certain areas, such as Kent, where the eleven-plus examination which divides pupils into placement in grammar or secondary modern school is known as the

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funded entirely by fees. Of the direct grant schools remaining at that time, 51 became comprehensive, 119 opted for independence, and five were "not accepted for the maintained system and expected to become independent schools or to close". Some of these schools retained the name "grammar" in their

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The 11-plus has long been controversial, and Northern Ireland's political parties have taken opposing positions. Unionists tend to lean towards preserving the grammar schools as they are, with academic selection at the age of 11, whereas nationalist politicians lean towards scrapping the 11-plus,

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In other areas, grammar schools survive mainly as very highly selective schools in an otherwise comprehensive county, for example in several of the outer boroughs of London. These schools are often heavily oversubscribed, and award places in rank order of performance in their entry tests. In some

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Singapore was established as a Crown Colony, and the term "grammar school" was used since 1819 among the English community. The English, and later, the Scottish, set up cathedrals, churches, and elite grammar schools for the upper class. Initially, this was a racially segregated colonial system.

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Further radical change was opposed by both Conservative and Labour governments until September 2016. Although many on the left argue that the existence of selective schools undermines the comprehensive structure, Labour governments have delegated decisions on grammar schools to local processes,

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is used solely to identify a subset of children (around 25%) considered suitable for grammar education. When a grammar school has too many qualified applicants, other criteria are used to allocate places, such as siblings, distance or faith. Such systems still exist in Buckinghamshire, Rugby and

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and Latin words in the first year, learned to construct Latin sentences in the second year, and began translating English–Latin and Latin–English passages in the third year. By the end of their studies at age 14, they would be quite familiar with the great Latin authors, and with Latin drama and

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has not been able to agree on a replacement system for secondary transfer. The grammar schools have organised groupings to run their own tests, the Post-Primary Transfer Consortium (mostly Catholic schools) and the Association for Quality Education. The Northern Ireland Commission for Catholic

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and originally came under the authority of the Auckland Grammar Schools' Board. Auckland's grammar schools share a common line of descent from the British grammar school system, with a strong focus on academics and traditional British sports. Originally, the schools used entry assessments and

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The French Roman Catholic Orders later opened up their ministries and boarding schools to children of mixed marriages, and racial segregation was also relaxed to some extent in the English schools. The French Catholic missions and schools, but not the English schools, also accepted orphans,

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The British then opened up their schools to children from English mixed marriages, or to those with English descent. During the late colonial period, these schools expanded and also schooled descendants of the very few mixed English and Straits-Chinese families, and descendants of some rich

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England has a long history of grammar schools. Curricula differ from school to school but generally includes English language, English literature, mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, art and design, music, drama, design and technology, history, philosophy,

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In England, urban middle-class pressure for a commercial curriculum was often supported by the school's trustees (who would charge the new students fees), but resisted by the schoolmaster, supported by the terms of the original endowment. Very few schools were able to obtain special acts of

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State-maintained grammar schools, which reached a peak in 1964 with 1,298 in England and Wales. Though some were quite old, most were either newly created or built since the Victorian period, seeking to replicate the studious, aspirational atmosphere found in the older grammar

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status are thus independent of the local education authority (LEA). Some LEAs retain forms of the Tripartite System and a few grammar schools survive in otherwise comprehensive areas. Some of the remaining grammar schools can trace their histories to before the 15th century.

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all grant-aided secondary schools were required to provide at least 25 percent of their places as free scholarships for students from public elementary schools. Grammar schools thus emerged as one part of the highly varied education system of England and Wales before 1944.

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New Zealand did not establish a state education system until 1877. The absence of a national education system meant that the first sizable secondary-education providers were grammar schools and other private institutions. The first grammar school in New Zealand,

416:, in 1828, specialist grammar schools in the north-west of England and South Wales were in effect providing tertiary education to men in their late teens and early twenties, which enabled them to be ordained as Anglican clergymen without going to university. 564:

was called the grammar school, which sought to spread the academic ethos of the existing grammar schools. Grammar schools were intended to teach an academic curriculum to the most intellectually able 25 percent of the school population as selected by the

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made it lawful to apply the income of grammar schools to purposes other than the teaching of classical languages, but change still required the consent of the schoolmaster. At the same time, many schools were reorganising themselves along the lines of

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comprehensive schools that chose to maintain the descriptor "grammar" in their nomenclature. Most of these schools do however operate some form of selection in their admission process, due to oversubscription. There is also a small group of formally

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as a superior grammar school. Legislation in 1839 allowed for more than one grammar school in a district, triggering a rapid but unstructured growth in numbers over the following two decades to 86 in 1861. The schools became more independent of the

534:, copying their curriculum, ethos and ambitions, and some took or maintained the title "grammar school" for historical reasons. A girls' grammar school established in a town with an older boys' grammar school would often be named a "high school". 1190:

in 1871. Some schools remain, as private schools catering largely for Protestant students. These are often fee-paying and accommodate boarders, given the scattered nature of the Protestant population in much of Ireland. Such schools include

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policy against expansion of grammar schools (except to cope with population expansion in wholly selective areas). The government opened a consultation on proposals to allow existing grammar schools to expand and new ones to be set up. The

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of which there were 179. They took between one quarter and one-half of their pupils from the state system, and the rest from fee-paying parents. They also exercised far greater freedom from local authorities, and some were members of the

1402:, officially founded in 1879. After independence it became the Raffles Girls' School (Primary School), distinct from the branch school established by the local government after independence, the Raffles Girls' School (Secondary School). 1245:

has a number of grammar schools, a majority of which were established when the country was under British rule. They are generally not known as "grammar schools" but are similarly selective in their intake. Among the best known being the

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in 1795. After several abortive attempts to raise funding, the District Schools Act of 1807 provided support for one grammar school teacher in each district, of which there were then eight, but they were then left to their own devices.

1084:, advocated grammar schools for the colony to save the wealthy from sending their sons to the United States to be educated, but he was unable to convince his superiors in London. He, however, made a grant enabling John Stuart to set up 812:, as many as 10–15% of 11-year-olds may attend grammar schools (for example in Gloucestershire), but in other LEAs it is as low as 2%. These very highly selective schools also tend to dominate the top positions in performance tables. 777:

Grammar school areas and groups as identified by the Education (Grammar School Ballots) Regulations 1998. LEAs considered grammar areas are shown filled, while circles indicate isolated grammar schools or clusters of neighbouring

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missionaries. Before the 1970s when Malay was made the medium of instruction, many such selective schools became known for providing excellent English-medium education and have produced many notable alumni, including former

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In the mid-19th century, independent schools were established in the Australian colonies to spare the wealthy classes from sending their sons to schools in Britain. These schools took their inspiration from English

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There remain 163 grammar schools in England (out of some 3,000 state secondaries in total). Only a few areas have kept a formal grammar school system along the lines of the Tripartite System. In these areas, the

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Morris, Paul (1991). "Preparing pupils as citizens of the special administrative region of Hong Kong: an analysis of curriculum change and control during the transition period". In Postiglione, Gerard A. (ed.).

277:. In theory these schools were open to all and offered free tuition to those who could not pay fees; however, few poor children attended school, because their labour was economically valuable to their families. 137:

to form a new comprehensive school). In both cases, some of these schools kept "grammar school" in their names. More recently, a number of state grammar schools, still retaining their selective intake, gained

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in 2000, when parents rejected change by a ratio of 2 to 1. These arrangements were condemned in 2004 by the Select Committee for Education and Skills as being ineffective and a waste of time and resources.

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Straits-born Chinese merchant class families, who were educated in Oxbridge or had London trade ties. Initially these schools were run exactly like their counterparts in England, and taught by the English.

204:. Pupils were usually educated in grammar schools up to the age of 14, after which they would look to universities and the church for further study. Of the three first schools independent of the church – 2762: 651:

and grammar schools effectively monopolised access to universities. These schools were also the only ones that offered an extra term of school to prepare pupils for the competitive entrance exams for

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to educate sons born and living in the Crown Colony, often to fathers in Crown colonial service. Single-sex classes were set up for daughters of the British ruling class in 1844, and later became

1045:, and the trend has continued to the present day. Today, the term is defined only in Queensland legislation. Throughout the country, "grammar schools" are generally high-cost private schools. 560:

created the first nationwide system of state-funded secondary education in England and Wales, echoed by the Education (Northern Ireland) Act 1947. One of the three types of school forming the

1270:(Taiping). Mission schools set up by various Christian denominations paralleled the selective state school albeit not with the same degree of selectivity. Notable mission schools include the 804:

Stratford districts of Warwickshire, the Salisbury district of Wiltshire and most of Lincolnshire, Kent, Reading and Medway. Of metropolitan areas, Trafford and most of Wirral are selective.

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The Direct Grant Grammar Schools (Cessation of Grant) Regulations 1975 required direct grant schools to decide whether to convert into comprehensives under local authority control or become

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Education did accept continued selection at Catholic grammar schools as a temporary measure, anticipating them to end the practice by 2012. As of September 2019, the practice continues.

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and similar initiatives proposed as ways of raising standards. Many grammar schools have featured in these programmes, and a lower level of selection is permitted at specialist schools.

2326: 2154: 1326:, a small number of schools are named "grammar schools" and follow the academic and cultural traditions established in the United Kingdom. Grammar schools were established only in 2408: 2433: 1125:

by the Act to Improve the Common and Grammar Schools of the Province of Ontario of 1871. Schools that offered classical studies were given additional funding and operated as

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The school day typically ran from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m., with a two-hour break for lunch; in winter, school started at 7 a.m. and ended at 4 p.m. Most of the day was spent in the

114:; Scotland had developed a different system. Grammar schools of these types were also established in British territories overseas, where they have evolved in different ways. 2489: 2720: 816:

which have not yet resulted in any changes. Moreover, government education policy appears to accept the existence of some kind of hierarchy in secondary education, with

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study has shown that UK grammar school pupils gain no significant social or emotional advantages by the age of 14 over similarly gifted pupils in non-selective schools.

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any socio-economic background. The British grammar schools in Singapore imitated much of this education system, with Catholicism replaced by Anglicanism. Later the

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title but are no longer free of charge for all but a few pupils. These schools normally select their pupils by an entrance examination and sometimes by interview.

443:. Grammar schools were reinvented as academically oriented secondary schools following literary or scientific curricula, while often retaining classical subjects. 359: 2972: 2785: 1414:

of Singapore was set up. Australian Methodist missionaries started UK-style grammar schools with American and British Methodist church funds. They founded the

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of state-funded secondary education operating in England and Wales from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s, and continue as such in Northern Ireland. After most

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This article is about a type of school in the United Kingdom and in former British territories. For the first stage of schooling in the United States, see

2522: 766:/citizenship, classical education, religious education, physical education, and several other foreign languages. Most English grammar schools follow the 599:. These schools included some very old schools encouraged to participate in the Tripartite System. The most famous example of a direct-grant grammar was 3096:

Ashton School, as a comprehensive school, was founded in September 1972 when Rochelle School and Cork Grammar School merged on the Grammar School site.

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for children from 10 to 14 years of age, following a primary stage from 5 to 9 years of age. These types were gradually combined around 1900 to form

1343:, was established in 1850 and formally recognised as an educational establishment in 1868 by the Auckland Grammar School Appropriation Act. In 1888, 2350: 122: 2676: 912:

Grammar schools were established in various British territories, and have developed in different ways since those territories became independent.

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creation of a national system of secondary education by restructuring the endowments of these schools for modern purposes. The result was the

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During the 16th and 17th centuries the establishment of grammar schools became a common act of charity by nobles, wealthy merchants and

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Attempts to move to a comprehensive system (as in the rest of the United Kingdom) have been delayed by shifts in the administration of

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of Latin. To encourage fluency, some schoolmasters recommended punishing any pupil who spoke in English. The younger boys learned the

4111: 1641: 2728: 684:. In England, implementation was less even, with some counties and individual schools successfully resisting conversion or closure. 346:

rhetoric. Other skills, such as arithmetic and handwriting, were taught in odd moments or by travelling specialist teachers such as

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Grammar school pupils were given the best opportunities of any schoolchildren in the state system. Initially, they studied for the

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An example of an early grammar school, founded by an early modern borough corporation unconnected with church, or university, is

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national school system, but the elite schools distinguished themselves by descriptions such as "independent" or "autonomous".

3699: 3207: 3017: 2903: 2869: 2829: 1916: 1872: 1515:, a state-funded secondary institution that may select students from a given school district according to academic criteria. 1419: 1267: 688: 130: 2705: 4062: 1817: 1618: 1235: 725: 697: 1492:, requiring any township of at least 100 households to establish a grammar school, and similar laws followed in the other 3704: 2307: 1332: 624: 604: 499: 2626: 1787: 1105:

and began to admit girls However, the schools were unsupervised, often underfunded and of varying standards. Some, like

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despite vehement protestations from the majority of Catholic Grammar Schools, most notably by the board of governors at

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Discussion Papers in Economics 2000/52, Centre for Performance Evaluation and Resource Management, University of York

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a few direct-grant schools have acquired a special reputation. The most famous of them is Manchester Grammar School

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Robert Anderson (2003). "The History of Scottish Education, pre-1980". In T. G. K. Bryce; Walter M. Humes (eds.).

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was not widely used until the 14th century, the earliest such schools appeared from the sixth century, e.g. the

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traces its history back to the school of Reading Abbey (1125), making it one of the oldest schools in England.

216:(1440) – Winchester and Eton were feeder schools to Oxford and Cambridge universities respectively. They were 4121: 2068: 1975: 1555: 1434: 1003: 468: 413: 401: 317: 289: 3067:

The school is one of a small number of schools in the Republic of Ireland under Church of Ireland management

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was established in 1927 and was the first co-educational grammar school to be established in New Zealand.

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was established as part of Auckland Grammar School. Both schools have since become separate institutions.

2354: 1356: 1255: 680:, though a few were closed. This process proceeded quickly in Wales, with the closure of such schools as 591: 409: 229: 185: 1406:

foundlings, and illegitimate children abandoned by mothers ostracized for breaching racial purity laws.

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in the 16th century, most cathedral schools were closed and replaced by new foundations funded from the

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and charged fees, while most others were abolished or became comprehensive (or sometimes merged with a

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claims to have secured the abolition of the 11-plus and a veto over any system which might follow it.

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made an important contribution to grammar schools, founding a series of schools during his reign (see

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claimed to have ensured the continuation of the grammar school system in the province as part of the

885: 809: 733: 600: 269:). A few grammar schools were also established in the name of Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth I. King 235: 3108: 459:, and the spread of the railways led to new boarding schools teaching a broader curriculum, such as 3729: 3645: 3417: 2847: 2804:"Professor Tony Gallagher, head of the School of Education at Queen's, answers readers' queries..." 1576: 1559: 1485: 1438: 1399: 1129:. The secondary–school collegiate–institute system was also emulated in several other provinces in 1113:, provided a traditional classical education, but many provided a basic education of poor quality. 1030: 949: 821: 681: 504: 440: 274: 139: 36: 32: 2743: 1772:

Geoffrey Walford (1993). "Girls' Private Schooling: Past and Present". In Geoffrey Walford (ed.).

1727:"Chapter XV. English and Scottish Education. Universities and Public Schools to the Time of Colet" 1126: 4248: 4177: 3797: 3764: 3543: 1572: 1539: 1360: 1340: 1315: 1196: 1167: 998: 979:

provided for the state-assisted foundation of non-denominational grammar schools. Beginning with

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lines. Grammar schools along the lines of those in Great Britain were set up for members of the

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In the 1920s grammar schools of other denominations were established, including members of the

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reflect the post-war British grammar system, focusing on a traditional curriculum rather than

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grammar schools, all the grammar schools established in the 19th century were attached to the

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founded since the introduction of universal secondary education in the Republic by minister

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in Finaghy, (a South Belfast suburb) and Lumen Christi (although co-educational) in Derry.

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The Social Production of Merit: Education, Psychology, and Politics in Australia, 1900–1950

2704:(Press release). Department of Education, Northern Ireland. 4 December 2007. Archived from 1415: 1395: 1251: 1204: 1097: 889: 791: 787: 677: 656: 479: 393: 300: 281: 262: 193: 3159: 2919: 1647: 1092:

Finding the grammar schools unsuitable as preparation for university, Lieutenant-Governor

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took public examinations until the introduction of the less academic and less prestigious

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Inventing secondary education: the rise of the high school in nineteenth-century Ontario

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Secondary education with special reference to grammar schools and technical high schools

1207:. Others are among the many former fee-paying schools absorbed into larger state-funded 28: 4102: 4072: 4037: 3971: 3787: 3719: 3610: 3483: 3458: 3427: 3249: 2005: 1430: 1247: 1212: 1081: 933: 668: 557: 531: 270: 205: 2461:"The Comparative Evaluation of GCSE Value-Added Performance by Type of School and LEA" 1703: 4042: 4022: 3876: 3866: 3829: 3724: 3533: 3505: 3387: 3338: 3301: 3203: 3013: 2899: 2865: 2825: 1912: 1868: 1845: 1477: 1183: 1102: 1093: 968: 837: 817: 652: 561: 551: 495: 397: 118: 2627:"Educational Effects of Widening Access to the Academic Track: A Natural Experiment" 1121:

In recognition of the broad curricula offered, grammar schools were redesignated as

773: 4152: 4084: 4067: 4027: 3981: 3927: 3912: 3890: 3861: 3736: 3515: 3500: 3452: 3323: 3268: 2133: 1852:. The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750–1950. Vol. 3. pp. 119–169. 1187: 1122: 1049: 920: 865: 859: 800: 718: 644: 527: 313: 162: 134: 83: 56: 1311: 4079: 3961: 3917: 3907: 3741: 3620: 2550: 2331: 2093: 2001: 1371: 1287: 1275: 1117: 663: 405: 342: 258: 217: 209: 2389: 2126:"Comprehensive versus Selective Schooling in England in Wales: What Do We Know?" 1476:

Grammar schools on the English and later British models were founded during the

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The last government-run 11-plus exam was held in 2008 (for 2009 entry), but the

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The 19th century saw a series of reforms to grammar schools, culminating in the

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In addition to religious missions and the new high schools, the less selective

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is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the

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J. F. A. Mason, The Borough of Bridgnorth 1157–1957 (Bridgnorth, 1957), 12, 36

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Knowing Women: Origins of Women's Education in Nineteenth-century Australia

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grammar schools were reorganised to provide secondary education throughout

52: 2973:"Public School Boards: Reorganization, Division, Consolidation and Growth" 893: 3746: 3432: 2220: 1963:. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes. 1790:. The Guild School Association, Stratford-upon-Avon. 2003. Archived from 1493: 1323: 953: 828: 87: 2243:

Grammar school pupils 'gain no social or emotional advantages' by age 14

1733:. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes 1163: 936:, and often called themselves "grammar schools". Early examples include 728:

campaigns in favour of such schools, while Comprehensive Future and the

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from the late 12th century, grammar schools became the entry point to a

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An analogous concept to the contemporary English grammar school is the

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Education and society in Hong Kong: toward one country and two systems

1465: 572: 463:(1843). The first girls' schools targeted at university entrance were 3689: 3318: 2670:"Education Minister's Statement for the Stormont Education Committee" 1453: 1279: 1148: 702: 347: 95: 3225: 1048:

The nearest equivalents of contemporary English grammar schools are

424: 4172: 3922: 3568: 3083: 2138: 2125: 2086: 1327: 1242: 1006:(1875), the first of several grammar schools for girls in Australia 607:, was one of the most outspoken advocates of the Tripartite System. 63: 2308:"A guide to petitions and ballots about grammar school admissions" 2087:

The story of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)

1887: 3937: 3932: 3528: 3523: 2295:

The Education (Grammar School Designation) (Amendment) Order 1999

2195: 1073: 770:

and follow the same broad national exams as other state schools.

566: 486:

which restructured the trusts of nine leading schools (including

353: 107: 91: 374:

a school in which the learned languages are grammatically taught

3437: 3291: 3260: 3033: 2894:

Gidney, Robert Douglas; Millar, Winnifred Phoebe Joyce (1990).

2786:"The Minister is losing control of the schools transfer system" 1956: 1726: 763: 530:, and many schools established at that time emulated the great 324: 2606:

Roberts, Nerys; Long, Robert; Foster, David (3 October 2018).

2487: 786:, grammar schools were for the first time to be designated by 273:

founded a series of "Royal Schools" in Ulster, beginning with

3164:

Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society

309: 293: 111: 67: 16:

Type of school in the United Kingdom and some other countries

2310:. Department for Education and Schools. 2000. Archived from 2155:

The impact of the structure of secondary education in Slough

639:(known as the CSE) in 1965. Until the implementation of the 392:

Act 1788. Such a dispute between the trustees and master of

304:

Old Grammar School, Market Harborough, Leicestershire (1614)

220:, so they could educate pupils from anywhere in the nation. 2843: 2841: 2586: 1788:"Educating Shakespeare: School Life in Elizabethan England" 1484:, founded as the Latin Grammar School in 1635. In 1647 the 2209: 129:

in the 1960s and 1970s, some grammar schools became fully

2624: 1335:, they are regarded as any other secondary institutions. 724:

in England and the 69 remaining in Northern Ireland. The

99: 2838: 2608:"Recent policy developments: Grammar schools in England" 2377:"Select Committee on Education and Skills Fourth Report" 2152: 1668: 360:

List of English and Welsh endowed schools (19th century)

2265:

The Education (Grammar School Ballots) Regulations 1998

2199:. House of Commons. 22 March 1978. col. 582W–586W. 583:

Two types of grammar schools existed under the system:

431:, a pioneer of women's education and founding head of 3197: 2407:. Kent County Council. 2009. p. 4. Archived from 384:

Parliament to change their statutes; examples are the

2280:

The Education (Grammar School Designation) Order 1998

1890:"A Short Account of the Free Grammar School at Leeds" 1724: 316:, Gloucester, founded by John and Joan Cook in 1539, 238:, founded in 1503 by Bridgnorth Borough Corporation. 117:

Grammar schools became one of the three tiers of the

3200:

Excellence in Education: The Making of Great Schools

2859: 1911:. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer. pp. 129–169. 631:(Advanced level). In contrast, very few students at 249:. For example, the oldest extant schools in Wales – 230:

Neo-Latin § Latin in school education 1500–1700

200:

education, with Latin seen as the foundation of the

2210:

Welcome to the National Grammar Schools Association

2124:Pischke, Jörn-Steffen; Manning, Alan (April 2006). 1347:was established. In 1917 Auckland Grammar School's 51:and other English-speaking countries, originally a 2587:Heather Stewart; Peter Walker (9 September 2016). 2582: 2580: 2488:Ian Schagen and Sandie Schagen (19 October 2001). 1843: 717:commonly refers to one of the 163 remaining fully 708: 2605: 1954: 257:(1557) – were established on the sites of former 4230: 1867:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 219–228. 1774:The Private Schooling of Girls: Past and Present 1771: 1662: 1072:Grammar schools provided secondary education in 907: 526:there was a great emphasis on the importance of 419: 2763:"Parents put their faith in new entrance tests" 2667: 2589:"Theresa May to end ban on new grammar schools" 2577: 2257: 2255: 2000: 1909:The Education of the Anglican Clergy, 1780–1839 1862: 223: 2926:. University of Toronto/Université Laval. 2000 2864:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–97. 2819: 2543: 2520: 2490:"The impact of selection on pupil performance" 2123: 1894:The Register of Leeds Grammar School 1820–1896 1812: 1731:Volume II: English. The End of the Middle Ages 1702:. London: HM Stationery Office. Archived from 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1646:. London: HM Stationery Office. Archived from 1508:, which were also known as "grammar schools". 539:Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907 354:Grammar schools in the 18th and 19th centuries 3276: 2402:"Admissions to secondary school 2009 booklet" 1973: 1888:J.H.D. Matthews; Vincent Thompson Jr (1897). 1076:until 1871. The first lieutenant-governor of 959:With the exception of the non-denominational 55:, but more recently an academically oriented 3157: 2893: 2564: 2501:National Foundation for Educational Research 2458: 2252: 2162:National Foundation for Educational Research 2153:Ian Schagen; Sandy Schagen (November 2001). 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 2702:"Minister Ruane outlines education reforms" 2625:Eric Maurin; Sandra McNally (August 2007). 2390:BBC: Family and education: 8 September 2016 2324: 1994: 1844:Gillian Sutherland (1990). "Education". In 1677: 1569:Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn 1425:When Singapore became independent from the 1223:, a co-educational comprehensive, in 1972. 854:List of grammar schools in Northern Ireland 175: 151: 3283: 3269: 2523:"Grammars show they can compete with best" 1967: 1776:. London: The Woburn Press. pp. 9–32. 1692: 1636: 2638:. Centre for the Economics of Education, 2546:"Anger over Labour's grammar school deal" 2137: 2114:London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965, p.195 1826: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1500:The name "grammar school" was adopted by 844:parties remain opposed to any expansion. 290:Grammar School of the Church of Edinburgh 2898:. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 80–81. 2573:. Second Caroline Benn Memorial Lecture. 2567:"The Right to a Comprehensive Education" 2066: 1881: 1464: 1370: 1310: 1230: 1162: 1059: 985: 919: 864: 772: 749: 571: 509: 423: 299: 161: 27: 3226:A general timeline of English education 3153: 3151: 2924:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online 2741: 2327:"Campaign against 11-plus is faltering" 2099:Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 2069:"The golden age of the grammar schools" 2037:House of Commons Library Briefing Paper 2027: 1961:Volume XIV. The Victorian Age, Part Two 1896:. Leeds: Laycock and Sons. p. xvi. 784:School Standards and Framework Act 1998 4231: 3231:The situation of grammar schools today 3006: 2783: 2760: 2721:"'Test' schools accept D grade pupils" 2436:. Medway Council. 2010. Archived from 1959:. In A. W. Ward; A. R. Waller (eds.). 1754: 1729:. In A. W. Ward; A. R. Waller (eds.). 1043:Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria 579:, a former direct-grant grammar school 3264: 3166:. New York: Macmillan Reference Books 2975:. Archives of Ontario. Archived from 2718: 2642:, Discussion Paper 85. Archived from 2297:(Coming into force 1 September 1999). 2067:Hitchens, Peter (21 September 2021). 1906: 292:(1128) passed from church control to 4213: 4063:Ancient higher-learning institutions 3148: 2267:(Coming into force 3 December 1998). 1819:A Dictionary of the English Language 1619:National Grammar Schools Association 1564:Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley 1294:) and all five of his predecessors. 1215:in September 1967. Examples include 1178:has traditionally been organised on 726:National Grammar Schools Association 545: 66:grammar schools was the teaching of 4244:State schools in the United Kingdom 2744:"Schools guard against test cheats" 2668:Caitríona Ruane (31 January 2008). 2521:Sian Griffiths (18 November 2007). 1931: 1865:Scottish Education: Post-Devolution 1669:Peter Gordon; Denis Lawton (2003). 847: 35:is a grammar school for girls with 13: 2761:Torney, Kathryn (22 August 2009). 2544:Richard Garner (1 December 2001). 2292:Statutory Instrument 1999 No. 2456 2282:(Coming into force 1 October 1998) 2277:Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2219 2262:Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2876 1307:Secondary education in New Zealand 1116:Chief Superintendent of Education 827:In September 2016, Prime Minister 746:List of grammar schools in England 637:Certificate of Secondary Education 14: 4265: 3219: 3198:Cyril Taylor; Conor Ryan (2013). 3012:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 117–145. 2824:. Routledge. pp. 41–42, 46. 2742:Taggart, Maggie (28 April 2009). 2565:Clyde Chitty (16 November 2002). 2028:Danechi, Shadi (3 January 2020). 1020:Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School 991:Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School 286:Choir School of Glasgow Cathedral 21:Elementary school (United States) 4212: 4203: 4202: 4191: 3290: 2784:Torney, Kathryn (3 March 2009). 2719:Smith, Lisa (17 December 2007). 1974:Shadi Danechi (3 January 2020), 1850:Social Agencies and Institutions 1585:Watford Grammar School for Girls 1460: 1064:Galt Grammar School (1852) (now 870:Coleraine Academical Institution 621:General Certificate of Education 396:led to a celebrated case in the 102:and other subjects. In the late 74:was broadened, first to include 4239:Education in the United Kingdom 3191: 3178: 3135:Britannica Online Encyclopaedia 3123: 3101: 3072: 3047: 3026: 3000: 2997:Gidney and Millar, pp. 196–198. 2991: 2965: 2962:Gidney and Millar, pp. 150–174. 2956: 2947: 2938: 2912: 2887: 2878: 2853: 2813: 2796: 2777: 2754: 2735: 2712: 2694: 2661: 2618: 2599: 2558: 2537: 2514: 2481: 2452: 2426: 2394: 2383: 2369: 2343: 2318: 2300: 2285: 2270: 2236: 2225: 2214: 2203: 2196:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2183: 2146: 2117: 2104: 2079: 2060: 2051: 2021: 1948: 1925: 1900: 1856: 1671:Dictionary of British Education 1643:The Education of the Adolescent 1609:History of education in England 1581:Watford Grammar School for Boys 1525: 1450:Singapore Chinese Girls' School 709:Current British grammar schools 2953:Gidney and Millar, pp. 86–114. 2379:. UK Parliament. 14 July 2004. 1806: 1780: 1745: 1725:Rev. T.A. Walker (1907–1921). 1718: 1630: 1589:William Hulme's Grammar School 1345:Auckland Girls' Grammar School 1300: 1004:Brisbane Girls' Grammar School 892:in October 2006. By contrast, 782:Under the Labour government's 465:North London Collegiate School 433:North London Collegiate School 247:dissolution of the monasteries 78:, and later English and other 1: 3186:definitions of grammar school 2944:Gidney and Millar, pp. 82–84. 2860:Marjorie R. Theobald (1996). 2325:Judith Judd (28 March 2000). 1624: 1556:Kirkby Stephen Grammar School 1260:English College (Johor Bahru) 1010:Ipswich Girls' Grammar School 908:In other countries or regions 420:Victorian-era grammar schools 3469:University technical college 2353:. teachernet. Archived from 2232:Campaign for State Education 2130:NBER Working Paper No. 12176 1366: 1272:La Sallian family of schools 1136: 973:Anglican Church of Australia 915: 730:Campaign for State Education 592:Direct-grant grammar schools 372:defined a grammar school as 224:Early modern grammar schools 7: 2030:"Grammar School Statistics" 1597: 1357:Mount Albert Grammar School 1353:Epsom Girls' Grammar School 1256:Malay College Kuala Kangsar 1226: 698:partially selective schools 414:St David's College Lampeter 386:Macclesfield Grammar School 123:local education authorities 10: 4270: 3398:College-preparatory school 3202:. Routledge. p. 229. 3188:in most U.S. dictionaries. 3162:. In Paula S. Fass (ed.). 2640:London School of Economics 2635:London School of Economics 2497:Council of Members Meeting 2007:The New Anatomy of Britain 1983:, House of Commons Library 1955:J.W. Adamson (1907–1921). 1934:"Grammar Schools Act 1840" 1435:Nanyang Girls' High School 1304: 1285:Prime Minister of Malaysia 1158: 1140: 1026:Rockhampton Grammar School 851: 743: 739: 549: 469:Cheltenham Ladies' College 357: 318:Sir Roger Manwood's School 227: 155: 146: 57:selective secondary school 18: 4186: 4165: 4135: 4098: 4058: 4051: 3995: 3954: 3898: 3889: 3852: 3843: 3783: 3776: 3638: 3603: 3514: 3491: 3482: 3408:Comprehensive high school 3378: 3337: 3309: 3299: 3241:Q and A: Advanced schools 2112:Anatomy of Britain Today, 2092:11 September 2009 at the 1977:Grammar school statistics 1394:, was founded in 1823 by 1066:Galt Collegiate Institute 1055: 1036:Townsville Grammar School 938:Launceston Grammar School 901:Northern Ireland Assembly 886:Democratic Unionist Party 734:University College London 732:campaign against them. A 617:Higher School Certificate 601:Manchester Grammar School 471:(from the appointment of 236:Bridgnorth Grammar School 182:King's School, Canterbury 168:King's School, Canterbury 3765:State-integrated school 3639:By funding / eligibility 3418:Continuation high school 3080:"Ashton School: history" 2850:, Queensland Government. 2848:Grammar Schools Act 2016 2612:House of Commons Library 2529:. London. Archived from 2351:"Grammar school ballots" 1957:"Chapter XIV. Education" 1938:www.educationengland.org 1577:Tadcaster Grammar School 1560:Penistone Grammar School 1518: 1486:Massachusetts Bay Colony 1439:Maris Stella High School 1274:and those set up by the 1236:St. George's Institution 1031:Toowoomba Grammar School 977:Grammar Schools Act 1860 950:Melbourne Grammar School 682:Cowbridge Grammar School 643:in the 1960's expanding 633:secondary modern schools 505:Endowed Schools Act 1869 448:Grammar Schools Act 1840 441:Endowed Schools Act 1869 410:St Bees Clerical College 275:The Royal School, Armagh 186:King's School, Rochester 152:Medieval grammar schools 62:The original purpose of 33:Henrietta Barnett School 4178:Educational institution 3798:Anarchistic free school 3544:Institute of technology 3034:"Bandon Grammar School" 2884:McCallum (1990), p. 45. 2820:David McCallum (1990). 2057:Sampson (1971), p. 143. 1673:. London: Woburn Press. 1573:Steyning Grammar School 1540:Beverley Grammar School 1420:Methodist Girls' School 1361:Takapuna Grammar School 1341:Auckland Grammar School 1316:Auckland Grammar School 1268:St George's Institution 1197:Drogheda Grammar School 1168:Drogheda Grammar School 1086:Kingston Grammar School 999:Brisbane Grammar School 942:Pulteney Grammar School 879:Rathmore Grammar School 597:Headmasters' Conference 484:Public Schools Act 1868 378:Aberdeen Grammar School 332:Spalding Grammar School 288:(founded 1124) and the 253:(founded 1541) and the 190:St Peter's School, York 125:moved to non-selective 4008:Compensatory education 3760:State or public school 3586:Upper division college 3057:. Sligo Grammar School 2434:"Secondary admissions" 2191:"Direct Grant Schools" 2012:Hodder & Stoughton 1604:Grammar schools debate 1544:Enfield Grammar School 1532:Appleby Grammar School 1480:, the first being the 1473: 1452:was set up by several 1379: 1319: 1292:St. John's Institution 1239: 1201:Dundalk Grammar School 1171: 1147:Mainstream schools in 1143:Education in Hong Kong 1069: 1015:Ipswich Grammar School 994: 981:Ipswich Grammar School 975:). In Queensland, the 946:Geelong Grammar School 928: 873: 831:reversed the previous 779: 758: 619:, replaced in 1951 by 605:Lord James of Rusholme 580: 519: 436: 305: 251:Christ College, Brecon 176: 171: 40: 3664:Comprehensive school 3591:Vocational university 3158:Charles Dorn (2003). 3131:"Boston Latin School" 3111:. Boston Latin School 2459:David Jesson (2000). 1552:Ilkley Grammar School 1548:Hutton Grammar School 1536:Batley Grammar School 1490:Old Deluder Satan Law 1468: 1400:Raffles Girls' School 1390:The oldest of these, 1374: 1333:Ministry of Education 1314: 1234: 1193:Bandon Grammar School 1166: 1127:collegiate institutes 1063: 989: 961:Sydney Grammar School 925:Sydney Grammar School 923: 868: 776: 753: 678:comprehensive schools 627:(Ordinary level) and 575: 513: 427: 390:Bolton Grammar School 358:Further information: 320:, founded in 1563 by 303: 255:Friars School, Bangor 165: 127:comprehensive schools 53:school teaching Latin 31: 4127:in the United States 4018:Continuing education 4013:Compulsory education 3857:Free school movement 3825:Single-sex education 3810:International school 3793:Democratic education 3672:For-profit education 3659:Community day school 3554:Liberal arts college 3413:Comprehensive school 3403:Collegiate institute 3236:Support Kent Schools 2314:on 26 February 2005. 2221:Comprehensive Future 2014:. pp. 139–145. 1944:on 14 November 2013. 1907:Slinn, Sara (2017). 1443:Catholic High School 1441:(for boys only) and 1416:Anglo-Chinese School 1412:Anglican High School 1396:Sir Stamford Raffles 1264:King George V School 1252:Victoria Institution 1205:Sligo Grammar School 1098:Upper Canada College 890:St Andrews Agreement 792:Ripon Grammar School 788:statutory instrument 722:state-funded schools 603:, whose headmaster, 480:Clarendon Commission 394:Leeds Grammar School 284:schools such as the 282:Scottish Reformation 267:King Edward's School 194:ancient universities 177:scolae grammaticales 166:Norman staircase at 4136:Informal or illegal 4090:Medieval university 4033:Inclusive education 4003:College preparatory 3564:Residential college 3559:Research university 3496:Professional school 3371:/ Elementary school 2708:on 1 December 2008. 2440:on 29 December 2010 1482:Boston Latin School 1470:Boston Latin School 1392:Raffles Institution 1376:Raffles Institution 1217:Cork Grammar School 1176:Republic of Ireland 768:National Curriculum 577:Framlingham College 514:Laboratory, Brecon 482:, which led to the 461:Marlborough College 380:, retain the name. 243:English Reformation 184:(founded 597), the 131:independent schools 4198:Schools portal 4103:indigenous peoples 4100:Schools imposed on 4038:Remedial education 3972:Distance education 3788:Alternative school 3777:By style / purpose 3752:Specialist school 3611:All-through school 3459:Sixth form college 3086:on 2 February 2007 3055:"About the school" 2510:on 4 January 2012. 1506:elementary schools 1474: 1433:(co-educational), 1431:Dunman High School 1380: 1320: 1248:Penang Free School 1240: 1172: 1082:John Graves Simcoe 1070: 995: 929: 874: 833:Conservative Party 818:specialist schools 780: 759: 669:Anatomy of Britain 613:School Certificate 581: 558:Education Act 1944 520: 437: 400:. After 10 years, 306: 261:monasteries. King 206:Winchester College 174:Although the term 172: 80:European languages 41: 4226: 4225: 4161: 4160: 4043:Special education 4023:Further education 3950: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3885: 3884: 3872:Montessori school 3867:Laboratory school 3830:Specialist school 3768: 3755: 3700:UK private school 3685: 3667: 3649: 3634: 3633: 3599: 3598: 3534:Community college 3506:Vocational school 3388:Adult high school 3302:educational stage 3209:978-1-136-61021-9 3019:978-0-87332-743-5 2905:978-0-7735-0746-3 2871:978-0-521-42004-4 2831:978-1-85000-859-0 2809:. 10 August 2009. 2807:Belfast Telegraph 2790:Belfast Telegraph 2773:on 19 April 2013. 2767:Belfast Telegraph 2731:on 19 April 2013. 2725:Belfast Telegraph 2682:on 3 October 2008 2649:on 3 October 2008 2171:on 4 January 2012 1918:978-1-78327-175-7 1874:978-0-7486-0980-2 1846:F. M. L. Thompson 1351:was established, 1209:community schools 1184:Church of Ireland 1174:Education in the 1103:Church of England 1094:Sir John Colborne 1050:selective schools 969:Church of England 562:Tripartite System 552:Tripartite System 546:Tripartite System 518:for Girls in 1896 496:Shrewsbury School 398:Court of Chancery 388:Act 1774 and the 119:Tripartite System 4261: 4216: 4215: 4206: 4205: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4085:Cathedral school 4068:Platonic Academy 4056: 4055: 4028:Gifted education 3982:Prison education 3928:Parochial school 3913:Christian school 3896: 3895: 3862:Folk high school 3850: 3849: 3781: 3780: 3766: 3754:(United Kingdom) 3753: 3737:Selective school 3683: 3665: 3647: 3501:Technical school 3489: 3488: 3453:Secondary school 3357:Global influence 3324:Pre-kindergarten 3307: 3306: 3285: 3278: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3214: 3213: 3195: 3189: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3160:"Grammar School" 3155: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3082:. Archived from 3076: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2769:. Archived from 2758: 2752: 2751: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2727:. Archived from 2716: 2710: 2709: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2681: 2675:. Archived from 2674: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2631: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2527:The Sunday Times 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2503:. Archived from 2494: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2398: 2392: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2357:on 12 April 2011 2347: 2341: 2340: 2335:. Archived from 2322: 2316: 2315: 2304: 2298: 2289: 2283: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2240: 2234: 2229: 2223: 2218: 2212: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2164:. Archived from 2159: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2034: 2025: 2019: 2018: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1982: 1971: 1965: 1964: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1940:. Archived from 1932:Gillard, Derek. 1929: 1923: 1922: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1841: 1824: 1823: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1769: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1690: 1675: 1674: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1634: 1591: 1529: 1254:(Kuala Lumpur), 1188:disestablishment 1123:secondary school 860:Northern Ireland 848:Northern Ireland 842:Liberal Democrat 801:eleven plus exam 645:higher education 623:examinations at 528:self-improvement 314:The Crypt School 218:boarding schools 179: 135:secondary modern 84:natural sciences 70:. Over time the 4269: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4157: 4131: 4122:in South Africa 4105: 4101: 4094: 4080:Monastic school 4047: 3991: 3962:Boarding school 3942: 3918:Female seminary 3908:Catholic school 3881: 3839: 3772: 3742:Separate school 3630: 3621:One-room school 3595: 3539:Graduate school 3510: 3478: 3374: 3333: 3311:Early childhood 3295: 3289: 3250:Grammar schools 3222: 3217: 3210: 3196: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3156: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2906: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2818: 2814: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2782: 2778: 2759: 2755: 2740: 2736: 2717: 2713: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2604: 2600: 2585: 2578: 2563: 2559: 2551:The Independent 2542: 2538: 2533:on 1 June 2010. 2519: 2515: 2507: 2492: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2414:on 5 March 2012 2411: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2339:on 3 June 2008. 2332:The Independent 2323: 2319: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2290: 2286: 2275: 2271: 2260: 2253: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2204: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2122: 2118: 2109: 2105: 2094:Wayback Machine 2084: 2080: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2040: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2002:Anthony Sampson 1999: 1995: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1953: 1949: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1905: 1901: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1827: 1811: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1794:on 2 March 2001 1786: 1785: 1781: 1770: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1706:on 6 April 2010 1691: 1678: 1667: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1650:on 6 April 2010 1635: 1631: 1627: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1478:colonial period 1463: 1369: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1288:Najib Tun Razak 1276:Marist Brothers 1266:(Seremban) and 1229: 1213:Donogh O'Malley 1161: 1145: 1139: 1118:Egerton Ryerson 1107:Tassie's School 1058: 918: 910: 856: 850: 748: 742: 711: 689:private schools 664:Anthony Sampson 554: 548: 422: 412:, in 1817, and 406:Lord Chancellor 362: 356: 343:parts of speech 232: 226: 210:Oswestry School 160: 154: 149: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4267: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4249:School systems 4246: 4241: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4210: 4200: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4169: 4167: 4166:Related topics 4163: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4153:in South Tyrol 4150: 4145: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4117:in New Zealand 4114: 4108: 4106: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3987:Virtual school 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3877:Waldorf school 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3803:Sudbury school 3800: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3762: 3757: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3697: 3695:Private school 3692: 3687: 3679: 3677:Free education 3674: 3669: 3661: 3656: 3654:Charter school 3651: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3582: 3581: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3549:Junior college 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3450: 3448:Minor seminary 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3423:Grammar school 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3369:Primary school 3366: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3349: 3343: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3304: 3297: 3296: 3288: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3247: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3220:External links 3218: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3190: 3177: 3147: 3122: 3100: 3071: 3046: 3025: 3018: 2999: 2990: 2979:on 10 May 2010 2964: 2955: 2946: 2937: 2920:"Stuart, John" 2911: 2904: 2886: 2877: 2870: 2852: 2837: 2830: 2812: 2795: 2776: 2753: 2734: 2711: 2693: 2660: 2617: 2598: 2576: 2557: 2536: 2513: 2480: 2451: 2425: 2393: 2382: 2368: 2342: 2317: 2299: 2284: 2269: 2251: 2235: 2224: 2213: 2202: 2182: 2145: 2139:10.3386/w12176 2116: 2103: 2078: 2059: 2050: 2020: 1993: 1966: 1947: 1924: 1917: 1899: 1880: 1873: 1855: 1825: 1814:Samuel Johnson 1805: 1779: 1753: 1744: 1717: 1696:, ed. (1938). 1676: 1661: 1640:, ed. (1926). 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1502:public schools 1462: 1459: 1427:United Kingdom 1368: 1365: 1302: 1299: 1228: 1225: 1219:, replaced by 1180:denominational 1160: 1157: 1138: 1135: 1131:Western Canada 1057: 1054: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1001: 934:public schools 917: 914: 909: 906: 849: 846: 755:Reading School 741: 738: 715:grammar school 710: 707: 674:Circular 10/65 666:, in his book 647:, pupils from 641:Robbins Report 609: 608: 589: 550:Main article: 547: 544: 532:public schools 478:Following the 473:Dorothea Beale 455:'s reforms at 421: 418: 366:Samuel Johnson 355: 352: 312:; for example 225: 222: 153: 150: 148: 145: 49:United Kingdom 45:grammar school 37:academy status 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4266: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4219: 4211: 4209: 4201: 4199: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4140: 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3703: 3702: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3616:Middle school 3614: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3464:Studio school 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455:/ High school 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3393:Cadet college 3391: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3364:Junior school 3362: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3352:Infant school 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3303: 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2256: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2217: 2211: 2206: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2120: 2113: 2107: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2074: 2073:The Spectator 2070: 2063: 2054: 2038: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1979: 1978: 1970: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1920: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1775: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1748: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1672: 1665: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1514: 1513:magnet school 1509: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1461:United States 1458: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1373: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349:sister school 1346: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1233: 1224: 1222: 1221:Ashton School 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1186:prior to its 1185: 1181: 1177: 1169: 1165: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1067: 1062: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1044: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 988: 984: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 926: 922: 913: 905: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 882: 880: 871: 867: 863: 861: 855: 845: 843: 839: 834: 830: 825: 823: 819: 813: 811: 805: 802: 796: 793: 789: 785: 775: 771: 769: 765: 756: 752: 747: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 720: 716: 706: 704: 699: 693: 690: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670: 665: 662:According to 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 606: 602: 598: 593: 590: 586: 585: 584: 578: 574: 570: 569:examination. 568: 563: 559: 553: 543: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 524:Victorian era 517: 516:County School 512: 508: 506: 501: 497: 493: 492:Harrow School 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453:Thomas Arnold 449: 444: 442: 434: 430: 426: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 381: 379: 375: 371: 367: 361: 351: 349: 344: 340: 339:rote learning 335: 333: 329: 328:Roger Manwood 326: 323: 319: 315: 311: 302: 298: 295: 291: 287: 283: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 239: 237: 231: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 170:(founded 597) 169: 164: 159: 144: 141: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 115: 113: 109: 105: 104:Victorian era 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 76:Ancient Greek 73: 69: 65: 60: 58: 54: 50: 46: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 4254:School types 3835:Vocal school 3820:Music school 3682:Free school 3626:Ranch school 3474:Upper school 3443:Maths school 3422: 3347:First school 3329:Kindergarten 3255:The Guardian 3253: 3244: 3199: 3193: 3180: 3168:. Retrieved 3163: 3140:13 September 3138:. Retrieved 3134: 3125: 3113:. Retrieved 3103: 3095: 3088:. Retrieved 3084:the original 3074: 3066: 3059:. Retrieved 3049: 3037:. Retrieved 3028: 3009: 3002: 2993: 2981:. Retrieved 2977:the original 2967: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2928:. Retrieved 2923: 2914: 2895: 2889: 2880: 2861: 2855: 2821: 2815: 2806: 2798: 2789: 2779: 2771:the original 2766: 2756: 2747: 2737: 2729:the original 2724: 2714: 2706:the original 2696: 2684:. Retrieved 2677:the original 2663: 2651:. Retrieved 2644:the original 2633: 2620: 2611: 2601: 2592: 2570: 2560: 2549: 2539: 2531:the original 2526: 2516: 2505:the original 2496: 2483: 2471:. Retrieved 2467: 2454: 2442:. Retrieved 2438:the original 2428: 2416:. Retrieved 2409:the original 2396: 2385: 2371: 2359:. Retrieved 2355:the original 2345: 2337:the original 2330: 2320: 2312:the original 2302: 2294: 2287: 2279: 2272: 2264: 2247:The Guardian 2245: 2238: 2227: 2216: 2205: 2194: 2185: 2173:. Retrieved 2166:the original 2148: 2129: 2119: 2111: 2110:Sampson, A. 2106: 2085: 2081: 2072: 2062: 2053: 2041:. Retrieved 2036: 2023: 2015: 2006: 1996: 1985:, retrieved 1976: 1969: 1960: 1950: 1942:the original 1937: 1927: 1908: 1902: 1893: 1883: 1864: 1858: 1849: 1818: 1808: 1796:. Retrieved 1792:the original 1782: 1773: 1747: 1735:. Retrieved 1730: 1720: 1708:. Retrieved 1704:the original 1698: 1670: 1664: 1652:. Retrieved 1648:the original 1642: 1632: 1614:Latin school 1527: 1510: 1499: 1488:enacted the 1475: 1447: 1424: 1408: 1404: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1337: 1321: 1296: 1241: 1173: 1146: 1115: 1091: 1078:Upper Canada 1071: 1047: 1040: 958: 930: 911: 898: 883: 875: 857: 826: 814: 806: 797: 781: 760: 714: 712: 694: 686: 667: 661: 610: 582: 555: 536: 522:In the late 521: 488:Eton College 477: 457:Rugby School 445: 438: 429:Frances Buss 382: 373: 369: 363: 336: 307: 279: 240: 233: 214:Eton College 198:liberal arts 173: 158:Latin school 116: 61: 44: 42: 25: 3955:By location 3845:Progressive 3747:Sink school 3716:University 3705:preparatory 3433:Hauptschule 3090:13 February 3061:13 February 2039:(1398): 4–5 1494:New England 1418:(1886) and 1355:. In 1922, 1324:New Zealand 1301:New Zealand 963:(1857) and 954:Hale School 952:(1858) and 829:Theresa May 467:(1850) and 241:During the 212:(1407) and 88:mathematics 4233:Categories 4143:in Ireland 4052:Historical 3967:Day school 3579:Collegiate 3574:University 2473:11 October 2444:2 November 2175:19 October 2160:(Report). 2010:. London: 1694:Will Spens 1638:W.H. 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