Scooter Libby - Knowledge

1610:... It is an impressive show of public service when twelve prominent and distinguished current and former law professors are able to amass their collective wisdom in the course of only several days to provide their legal expertise to the court on behalf of a criminal defendant. The Court trusts that this is a reflection of these eminent academics' willingness in the future to step to the plate and provide like assistance in cases involving any of the numerous litigants, both in this Court and throughout the courts of this nation, who lack the financial means to fully and properly articulate the merits of their legal positions even in instances where failure to do so could result in monetary penalties, incarceration, or worse. The Court will certainly not hesitate to call for such assistance from these luminaries, as necessary in the interests of justice and equity, whenever similar questions arise in the cases that come before it." 1402:(see above), before speaking to Russert; Russert did not tell Libby about Mrs. Wilson's CIA employment; prior to talking with such reporters, Libby knew with certainty that she was employed by the CIA; and Libby told reporters that she worked for the CIA without making any disclaimer that he was uncertain of that fact. The false statements counts in the Libby indictment charge that he intentionally made those false statements to the FBI; the perjury counts charge that he intentionally lied to the grand jury in repeating those false statements; and the obstruction of justice count charges that Libby intentionally made those false statements in order to mislead the grand jury, thus impeding Fitzgerald's grand jury investigation of the truth about the leaking of Mrs. Wilson's then-classified, covert CIA identity. 1339:... in an interview with me on June 23 , Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff, I. Lewis Libby, discussed Mr. Wilson's activities and placed blame for intelligence failures on the CIA. In later conversations with me, on July 8 and July 12 , Mr. Libby, ... Mr. Cheney's top aide, played down the importance of Mr. Wilson's mission and questioned his performance ... My notes indicate that well before Mr. Wilson published his critique, Mr. Libby told me that Mr. Wilson's wife may have worked on unconventional weapons at the CIA. ... My notes do not show that Mr. Libby identified Mr. Wilson's wife by name. Nor do they show that he described Valerie Wilson as a covert agent or "operative"... 1655: 1601:

Libby's attorneys asked that the order be stayed, but Walton denied the request and told Libby that he would have 10 days to appeal the ruling. In denying Libby's request, which had questioned Fitzgerald's authority to make the charges in the first place, Walton supported Fitzgerald's authority in the case. He said: "Everyone is accountable, and if you work in the White House, and if it's perceived that somehow (you're) linked at the hip, the American public would have serious questions about the fairness of any investigation of a high-level official conducted by the attorney general." The judge was also responding to an

6260: 6196: 1227:. In order to address biological threats facing the nation, the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense created a 33 step initiative for the U.S. Government to implement. Headed by former Senator Joe Lieberman and former governor Tom Ridge, the Study Panel assembled in Washington, D.C., for four meetings concerning current biodefense programs. The Study Panel concluded that the federal government had little to no defense mechanisms in case of a biological event. The Study Panel's final report, 3178:("In the Matter of I. Lewis Libby Jr. ... Bar Registration No. 950758"), suspending Libby "immediately from the practice of law in the District of Columbia pending resolution of this matter ", which the Office of Bar Counsel (D.C. Bar) received on April 4, 2007, directing it to "inform the Court if the matter is resolved without the necessity of further court action." In that order, "the Board directed the Bar Counsel to file a brief addressing whether crimes inherently involve 3193:"disbarment should be deemed to commence, for reinstatement purposes, on April 11, 2007, the date that filed an affidavit in compliance with D.C. Bar R. XI, § 14(g)." The brief lists Libby's admission to practice law in that jurisdiction as May 19, 1978. At that time Libby's lawyers filed notification of his intention to appeal his conviction within ten days after his sentencing with the D.C. Bar, an appeal that he subsequently decided to drop ( 1626:

has expressed sympathy for Mr. Libby and his family but has not tipped his hand on the pardon issue. ... If the president does not pardon him, and if an appeals court refuses to second-guess Judge Walton's decision, Mr. Libby will probably be ordered to report to prison in six to eight weeks' time. Federal prison authorities will decide where. "Unless the Court of Appeals overturns my ruling, he will have to report", Judge Walton said.

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determination of an appeal from the conviction, suspend the member of the bar from practice ... If a final judgment of conviction is certified to the court, the name of the member of the bar so convicted shall be struck from the roll of the members of the bar and such person shall thereafter cease to be a member." Pursuant to the policy on "Moral Turpitude" contained therein, it is also noted (n. 4) that Libby's

6444:("Live Online" discussion), March 6, 2007, 2:00–3:00 p.m., ET. Accessed March 6, 2007. (Duration: one hour.) N.B.: "Editor's Note: washingtonpost.com moderators retain editorial control over Live Online discussions and choose the most relevant questions for guests and hosts; guests and hosts can decline to answer questions. washingtonpost.com is not responsible for any content posted by third parties." 1785:, however, took issue with Bush's description of the sentence as 'excessive', saying it was "mposed pursuant to the laws governing sentencings which occur every day throughout this country ... It is fundamental to the rule of law that all citizens stand before the bar of justice as equals ... hat principle guided the judge during both the trial and the sentencing," Fitzgerald said. 1349:]", which she added retrospectively. While Miller reveals publicly that she herself had misidentified the last name of Wilson's wife (aka "Valerie Plame") in her own marginal notes on their interview as "Flame" instead of "Plame", in her grand jury (and later trial testimony), she remained uncertain when, how, and why she arrived at that name and did not attribute it to Libby: 1317:, told her that she already had possessed a written, voluntary waiver from Libby all along. After Miller had served most of her sentence, Libby reiterated that he had indeed given her a "waiver" both "voluntarily and personally." He attached the following letter, which, when released publicly, became the subject of further speculation about Libby's possible motives in sending it: 1842:, and ... lawyers to file arguments on the point. ... " "If Judge Walton does not impose any supervised release, it could undercut ... argument that ... Libby still faced stiff justice." That issue was resolved on July 10, 2007, clearing the way for Libby to begin serving the rest of his sentence, the supervised release and 400 hours of community service. 2018:

Wilsons' attorneys, said: "We are deeply disappointed that the Obama administration has failed to recognize the grievous harm top Bush White House officials inflicted on Joe and Valerie Wilson. The government's position cannot be reconciled with President Obama's oft-stated commitment to once again make government officials accountable for their actions."

1231:, proposes a string of solutions and recommendations for the U.S. Government to take, including items such as giving the vice president authority over biodefense responsibilities and merging the entire biodefense budget. These solutions represent the panel's call to action in order to increase awareness and activity for pandemic-related issues. 1726:

presidential commutations are rarely issued, but when granted they have generally occurred after the convicted person has already served a substantial portion of his or her sentence: "We can't find any cases, certainly in the last half-century, where the president commuted a sentence before it had even started to be served," said former

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I wrote the name "Valerie Flame." Yet, as I told Mr. Fitzgerald, I simply could not recall where that came from, when I wrote it or why the name was misspelled ... I testified that I did not believe the name came from Mr. Libby, in part because the notation does not appear in the same part of my notebook as the interview notes from him.

5588:, July 10, 2007, accessed July 10, 2007: "The July 6–8 poll finds 66% of Americans saying Bush should not have intervened on Libby's behalf. Only 13% say Bush was 'right to commute Libby's sentence,' while even fewer, 6%, say Bush 'should have gone farther and granted a full pardon.' About one in six have no opinion of the matter." 1874:: "I have nothing to say to Scooter Libby ... I don't owe this administration. They owe my wife and my family an apology for having betrayed her. Scooter Libby is a traitor. Bush's action ... demonstrates that the White House is corrupt from top to bottom." He reiterated this perspective on the commutation in the 1572:

federal system, but Libby would be eligible for release after two years." In addition, Judge Walton required Libby to provide "400 hours of community service" during his supervised release. On June 5, 2007, after the announcement of Libby's sentencing, CNN reported that Libby still "plans to appeal the verdict".

2043:. Libby was part of a larger group of individuals who had their voting rights restored by McDonnell, all of whom were non-violent offenders. Four years later, on November 3, 2016, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals granted Libby's petition for reinstatement to the D.C. Bar. On April 13, 2018, President 1639:

On July 2, 2007, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit denied Libby's request for a delay and release from his prison sentence, stating that Libby "has not shown that the appeal raises a substantial question under federal law that would merit letting him remain free," increasing "pressure on

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brief that he had permitted to be filed, which had not apparently convinced him to change his mind, as he subsequently denied Libby bail during his appeal. His "order grant the scholars permission to file their brief ..." contained a caustic footnote questioning the motivation of the legal academics

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mong Bush aides, the presidential statement was seen as a fail-safe, a device that would prevent a backtrack later on. Fielding crafted the commutation in a way that would make it harder for Bush to revisit it in the future. ... Bush's allies would say later that the language was intended to send an

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There is a cloud over the vice president. He sent Libby off to Judith Miller at the St. Regis Hotel. At that meeting, the two-hour meeting, the defendant talked about the wife . We didn't put that cloud there. That cloud remains because the defendant obstructed justice and lied about what happened

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Bush took no further action with respect to Libby's conviction or sentence during his presidential term, despite entreaties from conservatives that he should be pardoned. Two days after their term expired, former Vice President Cheney expressed his regret that Bush had not pardoned Libby on his last

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Several months after Bush's action, Judge Walton commented publicly on it. He spoke in favor of applying the law equally, stating: "The downside is there are a lot of people in America who think that justice is determined to a large degree by who you are and that what you have plays a large role in

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article published six months after Bush left office, Fielding worded the commutation "in a way that would make it harder for Bush to revisit it in the future ...; language was intended to send an unmistakable message, internally as well as externally: No one is above the law." The article suggested

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I was not permitted to take notes of what I told the grand jury, and my interview notes on Mr. Libby are sketchy in places. It is also difficult, more than two years later, to parse the meaning and context of phrases, of underlining and of parentheses. On one page of my interview notes, for example,

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As noted above, my lawyer confirmed my waiver to other reporters in just the way he did with your lawyer. Why? Because as I am sure will not be news to you, the public report of every other reporter's testimony makes clear that they did not discuss Ms. Plame's name or identity with me, or knew about

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Mr. Libby was sentenced to thirty months of prison, two years of probation, and a $ 250,000 fine. In making the sentencing decision, the district court rejected the advice of the probation office, which recommended a lesser sentence and the consideration of factors that could have led to a sentence

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After the sentencing, Bush stated on camera that he would "not intervene until Libby's legal team has exhausted all of its avenues of appeal ... It wouldn't be appropriate for me to discuss the case until after the legal remedies have run its course." Ultimately, less than a month later, on July 2,

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Moreover, when the hearing started, "in the interest of full disclosure," Walton informed the court that he had "received a number of harassing, angry and mean-spirited phone calls and messages. Some wishing bad things on me and my family ... hose types of things will have no impact ... I initially

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Given current federal sentencing guidelines, which are not mandatory, the conviction could have resulted in a sentence ranging from no imprisonment to imprisonment of up to 25 years and a fine of $ 1,000,000; yet, as Sniffen and Apuzzo observe, "federal sentencing guidelines will probably prescribe

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Speaking to the media outside the courtroom after the verdict, Fitzgerald said that "The jury worked very long and hard and deliberated at length ... was obviously convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had lied and obstructed justice in a serious manner ... I do not expect to file

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and engaged the interest of both professional legal experts and the general public. While awaiting the judge's ruling pertaining to supervised release and the "400 hours of community service that Judge Walton imposed", for example, bloggers discussed the legal issues involved in these non-commuted

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Judge Walton's decision means that the defense lawyers will probably ask a federal appeals court to block the sentence, a long-shot move. It also sharpens interest in a question being asked by Mr. Libby's supporters and critics alike: Will President Bush pardon Mr. Libby? ... So far, the president

3640:, and Lewis Libby, chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney ... The message from those meetings, attendees said, was that the United States will not deviate from Bush's June 24 speech, in which he called for new Palestinian leadership and, possibly, a Palestinian state within three years ..." 1600:

After the June 5 sentencing, Walton said he was inclined to jail Libby after the defense laid out its proposed appeal, but the judge told attorneys he was open to changing his mind"; however, on June 14, 2007, Walton ordered Libby to report to prison while his attorneys appealed the conviction.

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My decision to commute his prison sentence leaves in place a harsh punishment for Mr. Libby. The reputation he gained through his years of public service and professional work in the legal community is forever damaged. His wife and young children have also suffered immensely. He will remain on

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On June 5, 2007, Judge Walton sentenced Libby to 30 months in prison and fined him $ 250,000, clarifying that Libby would begin his sentence immediately. According to Apuzzo and Yost, the judge also "placed him on two years probation after his prison sentence expires. There is no parole in the

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dismissed the Wilsons' lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on July 19, 2007. The Wilsons appealed Bates's district-court decision the next day. Agreeing with the Bush administration, the Obama Justice Department argued that the Wilsons had no legitimate grounds to sue. Melanie Sloan, one of the

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After agreeing to testify, Miller was released on September 29, 2005, appearing before the grand jury the next day, but the charge against her was rescinded only after she testified again on October 12, 2005. For her second grand jury appearance, Miller produced a notebook from a previously

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Board on Professional Responsibility that Libby "be disbarred pursuant to D.C. Code § 11-2503(a)", which reads (in pertinent part): "When a member of the bar of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals is convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude ... the court shall, pending final

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Libby's 30-month federal prison sentence, calling it "excessive", but he did not change the other parts of the sentence and their conditions. That presidential commutation left in place the felony conviction, the $ 250,000 fine, and the terms of probation. Some have criticized the move, as

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questioned Fitzgerald's truthfulness in an editorial, stating "From top to bottom, this has been one of the most disgraceful abuses of prosecutorial power in this country's history ... The Plame case proves can bend the truth with the proficiency of the slickest of pols."

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In his October 28, 2005, press conference about the grand jury's indictment, Fitzgerald had already explained that Libby's obstruction of justice through perjury and false statements had prevented the grand jury from determining whether the leak violated federal law.

1216:... offer research guidance and ... advise the institute in strategic planning." His resignation was announced by the Hudson Institute in a press release dated March 8, 2007. However, he has served as Senior Vice President of the Hudson Institute at least since 2010. 831:), where he was a managing partner, a member of its litigation department, and chaired its Public Policy Practice Group. His work there was well regarded, with President Clinton recognizing Libby as one of three "distinguished Republican lawyers" who worked on the 1953:

was the primary source of the Valerie Plame leak and that Fitzgerald knew this at the beginning of his investigation. This was supported a month later by Armitage himself, who stated that Fitzgerald had instructed him not to go public with this information.

951:. On December 10, 2007, Libby's lawyers announced his decision "to drop his appeal of his conviction in the CIA leak case". On March 20, 2008, following the dropping of his appeal of his conviction, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals disbarred Libby. 3738:

contains the same passage qtd. above in this text; it is rpt. as part of the LRB feature article entitled "The Israel Lobby Debate", incorporating a video link to "Israel lobby: does it have too much influence on American foreign policy?"; "The panellists

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Just a few days later, however, Judge Walton questioned "whether ... will face two years of probation, as said he would," because the supervised release time is conditioned on Libby's serving the prison sentence, and he "directed the special prosecutor,

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when he was running for governor of Massachusetts." According to Mirkinson: "Two particular Yale courses helped guide Libby's future endeavors. One of these was a creative writing course, which started Libby on a 20-year mission to complete a novel ...

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concludes that many U.S. newspapers opposed a presidential pardon for Libby. Much of this commentary obscured the fact that the clemency power provided the President with several options short of a full, unconditional pardon. In an op-ed published in

4452:... He's put the doubt into whatever happened that week, whatever is going on between the Vice President and the defendant, that cloud was there. That's not something that we put there. That cloud is something that we just can't pretend isn't there. 338:. He was subsequently convicted of four counts (one count of obstruction of justice, two counts of perjury, and one count of making false statements), making him the highest-ranking White House official convicted in a government scandal since 3450:(December 10, 2007) ("President Bush could wipe away the conviction with a full pardon, something he has refused to rule out. Wells said Monday that he has not spoken to the White House about a pardon and does not know what Bush will do.") 3374:(quotes Libby's testimony from government transcript) of "'Take Jack's Word': The Pardons of International Fugitives Marc Rich and Pincus Green" (Chap. One) from "Justice Undone: Clemency Decisions in the Clinton White House" report of the 3461:"No. 07-BG-179: In Re I. Lewis Libby Jr., Respondent. A Member of the Bar of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals (Bar Registration No. 950758) On Report and Recommendation of the Board on Professional Responsibility (BD No. 372-05)" 1771:

that there was a fundamental difference between how Bush and Cheney viewed the "War on Terror", with aides close to Bush feeling that Cheney had misled the President and damaged the administration's moral character with the Plame leak.

3418:: Bar Docket No. 372-05: A Member of the Bar of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals (Bar Registration No: 950758): Report and Recommendation of the Board on Professional Responsibility", May 14, 2007; accessed April 18, 2008. 1568:

far less." In practice, according to federal sentencing data, three-fourths of the 198 defendants found guilty of obstruction of justice in 2006 served jail time. The average length of jail time on this charge alone was 70 months.

3158:. Libby is listed in the general "name" search (erroneously) as "I L Lewis Libby Jr." and in hyperlinked documents as "I. Lewis Libby Jr." Since 2007 he has been identified as "disbarred" and no longer a "member" of the D.C. Bar. 2684:), last updated March 21, 2007; accessed July 1, 2007: "As of mid-March 2007 ... Libby's bio page was no longer available on the (Hudson Institute) website, and his name was not included on the organization's list of scholars."] 1734:

Margaret Colgate Love. Others, notably Cheney himself who argued that Libby was unfairly charged by a politically motivated prosecution, believed that the commutation fell short, as Libby would likely never practice law again.

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A year and a half later, a jury convicted Libby of obstruction of justice and perjury in his grand jury testimony and making false statements to federal investigators about when and how he learned that Plame was a CIA agent.

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I respect the jury's verdict. But I have concluded that the prison sentence given to Mr. Libby is excessive. Therefore, I am commuting the portion of Mr. Libby's sentence that required him to spend thirty months in prison.

4126: 1394:, and acted as if he did not have that information. The indictment alleges that statements to federal investigators and the grand jury were intentionally false, in that Libby had numerous conversations about Mrs. Wilson's 2100: 1974:

cited the "questionable investigation" of Scooter Libby as evidence of the problems brought to the criminal justice process by "politically appointed and partisan attorney general". In April 2015, also writing in

974:'s policy planning staff. From 1982 to 1985, Libby served as director of special projects in the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. In 1985 he received the Foreign Affairs Award for Public Service from the 900:

stated that they 'reviewed and advocated' 'the case for the pardons,' he suggested that they were somehow involved in arguing that Rich and Green should receive pardons. This was completely untrue". (p. 162)

4448:(accredited press blog), February 24, 2007; accessed June 8, 2007, observes that "Fitzgerald squarely blames Libby for putting the cloud on the Vice President," quoting from Fitzgerald's closing arguments, e.g.: 1013:. In 1993 Libby received the Distinguished Service Award from the U.S. Defense Department and the Distinguished Public Service Award from the U.S. State Department before resuming private legal practice first at 4596:

Note: CNN erroneously reported that Libby's sentence included 2 years probation. In fact, it was supervised release, which is similar but different from probation, and replaced parole in the federal system in

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probation. The significant fines imposed by the judge will remain in effect. The consequences of his felony conviction on his former life as a lawyer, public servant, and private citizen will be long-lasting.

1302:, Miller maintained that such a waiver did not serve to allow her to reveal her source to that grand jury; moreover, Miller argued that Libby's general waiver pertaining to all journalists could have been 2296: 1635:

On June 20, 2007, Libby appealed Walton's ruling in federal appeals court. The following day, Walton filed a 30-page expanded ruling, in which he explained his decision to deny Libby bail in more detail.

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had hired Libby to help represent around the spring of 1985, after Rich and Green had first engaged Garment. Libby stopped representing Rich in the spring of 2000; early in March 2001, at a "contentious"

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After deliberating for 10 days, the jury rendered its verdict on March 6, 2007. It convicted Libby on four of the five counts against him: two counts of perjury, one count of obstruction of justice in a

3568:" appears on page 90, followed by this note: "The above list of individuals participated in at least one project meeting or contributed a paper for discussion. The report is a product solely of the 7445: 1925: 1987:

argued that statements by Judith Miller, in her recently published memoir, raised anew contentions that her testimony was inaccurate and that Fitzgerald's conduct as prosecutor was inappropriate.

6035: 657:, King asked Libby specifically, "Where did 'Scooter' come from?"; Libby replied: "Oh, it goes way back to when I was a kid. Some people ask me if ... ... as you did earlier, if it's related to 896:

was criminalizing what should have been a civil tax case. They did not make, compile, or in any other way lay the groundwork for, or make a case for a Presidential pardon. When former President

465:, Libby said Wolfowitz was one of his favorite professors, and their professional relationship did not end with the class." Wolfowitz became a significant mentor in his later professional life. 943:

on April 3, 2007, the D.C. Bar "disbarred pursuant to D.C. Code § 11-2503(a)" on legal grounds of "moral turpitude", effective April 11, 2007, and recommended to the D.C. Court of Appeals his

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In August 2005, as revealed in grand jury testimony audiotapes played during the trial and reported in many news accounts, Libby testified that he met with Judith Miller, a reporter with

5775: 7365: 893: 1778:"issued a brief statement saying Mr. Libby and his family 'wished to express their gratitude for the president's decision ... We continue to believe in Mr. Libby's innocence'. ... " 504:'When he and Harriet became serious,' Dickstein partner Kenneth Simon wrote, 'she chose to leave the firm rather than maintain the awkward situation of an associate dating a partner. 1253:

Between 2003 and 2005, intense speculation centered on the possibility that Libby may have been the administration official who had "leaked" classified employment information about

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hearing to review Clinton's pardons, Libby testified that he thought the prosecution's case against Rich "misconstrued the facts and the law". Jackson Hogan, Libby's roommate at

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The D.C. Bar revised its "Professional Rules of Conduct" on February 1, 2007, according to its "Bar News" section of its website; accessed June 5, 2007. On April 3, 2007, the

3583:"The New Pentagon Papers: A High-ranking Military Officer Reveals How Defense Department Extremists Suppressed Information and Twisted the Truth to Drive the Country to War" 3728:, March 2006 (RWP06‐011), accessed July 1, 2007. (Document features institutional disclaimer and notes that "An edited and reworked version of this paper" was published in 3341: 5627: 3715: 1559:, such as Armitage and Cheney, whom he had already described as under "a cloud", as already addressed in his conduct of the case and in his closing arguments in court. 7360: 6737: 6476: 5993: 300: 44: 1414:

him on four of the five counts: obstruction of justice, one count of making false statements when interviewed by agents of the FBI, and two counts of perjury. They

4909:, July 2, 2007. According to O'Reilly, "The appeals court case is U.S. v. Libby, 07-3068, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (Washington)." 3636:, December 2, 2002; accessed March 24, 2007: "some Jewish leaders also met Wednesday with Bush administration officials, including the deputy secretary of state, 1512:. Despite earlier press reports and widespread speculation, neither Libby nor Vice President Cheney testified. The jury began deliberations on February 21, 2007. 1707: 1080:, who worked with Libby as an adviser to Cheney during Bush's first term, said of him "He is to the vice president what the vice president is to the president." 1920:

played a prominent role in the press coverage of Libby's trial. Scott Shane, in his article "For Liberal Bloggers, Libby Trial Is Fun and Fodder", published in

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During his media appearance outside the courtroom after the verdict in the Libby case, Fitzgerald fielded questions from the press about others involved in the

1060: 4976: 1128:; for example, he participated in a series of meetings with Jewish leaders in early December 2002 and a meeting with two aides of then-Israeli Prime Minister 7425: 1064: 629:

after Libby's name. The Columbia Alumni Association online directory lists him as I. Lewis Libby, with a first name of "I." and birth first name of "Irve".

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website. The statement concluded: "Speaking as friends, we hope that our system will return a final result consistent with what we know of this fine man."

1379: 892:" According to a House Committee on Government Reform report, however, "The arguments made by Garment, Reynolds and Libby focused on the claim that the 3585: 6377: 2177: 1382:

Fitzgerald indicted Libby on five counts: one count of obstruction of justice, two counts of making false statements when interviewed by agents of the

888:'He is intensely partisan ... in that if he is your counsel, he'll embrace your case and try to figure a way out of whatever noose you are ensnared in. 1895:

conducted from July 6 to July 8, 2007, "most Americans disagree with President George W. Bush's decision to intervene" on Libby's behalf in the case.

7150: 296: 2815: 7395: 6079: 5857: 4468: 6764: 6292: 5476: 4563: 2455: 823:, and who had hired Libby at Mudge Rose twenty years later––and three other lawyers from that firm, Libby joined the Washington, D.C., office of 113: 6508: 5383: 5168: 6105: 5446: 2527: 3533: 2493:"Scooter's Tragic Innocence: Why My Friend Scooter Libby Is Loyal to Bush, Cheney and an Arrogant Administration Whose Values Are Not His Own" 6158: 2213: 7405: 6053: 3233: 1532:

After the verdict, initially, Libby's lawyers announced that he would seek a new trial, and that, if that attempt were to fail, they would

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reporters Neil Lewis and David Stout estimated subsequently that Libby's prison sentence could begin within "two months", explaining that

6036:"Obama Administration Opposes Joe and Valerie Wilson's Request for Supreme Court Appeal in Suit Against Cheney, Rove, Libby and Armitage" 3490: 1686:

issued a press release about the verdict, urging Bush to pledge not to pardon Libby, and other Democratic politicians followed his lead.

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on June 4, 2004. In their highly controversial and widely contested "Working Paper" entitled "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy",

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After becoming Cheney's chief of staff in 2001, Libby was reportedly nicknamed "Germ Boy" at the White House, for insisting on universal

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Libby's sentence of 30 months in federal prison, leaving the other parts of his sentence intact. As a consequence of his conviction in

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Democratic politicians' responses stressed their outrage at what they called a disgraceful abrogation of justice, and, that evening

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Office of Bar Counsel (D.C. Bar) for non-payment of fees. The Chief Judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals recommended

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After Libby's failed appeal and a high-pressure lobbying campaign for Libby's full pardon by Vice President Cheney, President Bush

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President George W. Bush to decide soon whether to pardon Libby ... as the former White House official's supporters have urged."

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He and his elder brother, Hank, a tax lawyer (now retired) were the first in the family to graduate from college. Libby attended

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Against Vice President Cheney, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby for Violations of their Constitutional and Other Legal Rights",

5578:), "Two in Three Say Bush Should Not Have Intervened in Libby Case: Only 13% Say Commuting Sentence Was Right Thing to Do", 3712: 997:

as deputy under secretary of defense for policy, serving from 1992 to 1993. In 1992 he also served as legal adviser for the

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because he didn't do a full pardon.' If Bush were 'doing the weather-vane thing' he 'would have done something differently.

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Libby's conviction. Libby did not speak to reporters. Libby's defense team eventually decided against seeking a new trial.

1429: 1179: 1149: 1045: 6697: 7375: 7370: 7278: 6386: 6209: 6013: 5991:, in "Valerie Wilson, et al., Plaintiffs, v. I. Lewis Libby, Jr., et al., Defendants", "Civil Action No. 06-1258 (JDB)", 3473: 2762:, n.d., accessed July 16, 2007, and April 12, 2008 (now-obsolete information such as D.C. Bar membership needs updating). 2189: 2090: 1727: 1576: 1169: 983: 975: 785: 282: 6622: 5750: 4398: 2841: 2325: 780:, in 1981. In 1985, returning to private practice, he joined the firm then known as Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin (now 7410: 5303: 4900: 4640: 3953: 2277: 2034: 2022: 1860: 1649: 1390:

investigators that he first heard of Mrs. Wilson's CIA employment from Cheney, and then later heard it from journalist

1010: 289: 5001: 3434:("In the Matter of I. Lewis Libby, Jr. ... Bar Registration No. 950758"), filed April 3, 2007; accessed June 17, 2007. 1298:

Although Libby signed a "blanket waiver" allowing journalists to discuss their conversations with him pursuant to the

962:

In 1981, after working as a lawyer in the Philadelphia firm Schnader LLP, Libby accepted the invitation of his former

7390: 6545: 6530: 6406: 6284: 5549:"The Quality of Mercy Is Strained: Bush Commutes Libby's Sentence, While His Lawyers Come Down Hard On Everyone Else" 5073: 4663: 3929: 3805: 3650: 3288: 3011: 2995: 2780: 1556: 1375: 1299: 1186: 999:

House Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China

971: 773: 304: 6710: 5204: 5141: 2148: 939:

upon confirmation of his conviction, which Libby had initially indicated that he would appeal. Having suspended his

7415: 7140: 6560: 6312:

Why My Friend Scooter Libby Is Loyal to Bush, Cheney and an Arrogant Administration Whose Values Are Not His Own".

5329: 4690: 1451: 1122: 990: 206: 3305: 1830:

The hearing on "The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials" was held by the

7435: 7385: 6872: 6297: 3078: 3032: 2460: 1526: 1387: 1383: 3786: 1309:

After refusing to testify about her July 2003 meeting with Libby, Judith Miller was jailed on July 7, 2005, for

1076:. He was also nicknamed "Dick Cheney's Dick Cheney" for his close working relationship with the Vice President. 7160: 6561:"Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson's Response to Bush Spokesman Tony Snow's Comments at Today's White House Briefing" 6275: 5330:"Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson's Response to Bush Spokesman Tony Snow's Comments at Today's White House Briefing" 6309: 4100: 3582: 3324:"House Committee on Government Reform: "Justice Undone: Clemency Decisions in the Clinton White House" report" 2731: 2492: 2393: 1710:

argued the sentence was too stringent and that, instead of pardoning Libby, Bush should commute his sentence.

838:

In 2001 Libby left the firm to return to work again in government, as Vice President Cheney's chief of staff.

593:, though he cited a phone interview with Libby's brother, and did not clarify if he had asked for a spelling. 7165: 6797: 6360:, National Public Radio, WCNY-FM, November 11, 2005. Accessed March 5, 2007. (Transcript and RealAudio link.) 6235: 5801: 5534: 3683:

adviser on the Middle East, as well as I. Lewis Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff, and

3637: 3084: 2655: 2174: 2010: 1950: 1864: 1824: 1714:

2007, Bush chose Otis's 'third option' — "neither prison nor pardon" — in commuting Libby's prison sentence.

1541: 1096: 928: 308: 3572:

and does not necessarily represent the views of the project participants or their affiliated institutions.")

2469: 442:, Libby's political beginnings would not have pointed in that direction. He served as vice president of the 6714: 5779: 5119: 4421: 3259: 2945:"Rush Transcript: CNN Larry King Weekend: Interviews with Lewis 'Scooter' Libby, Don Rickles, Mike Medavoy" 1956: 1755:

Libby paid the required fine of "$ 250,400, which included a 'special assessment' of costs" that same day.

672: 453: 6686: 6339: 6132: 5932: 4217: 3659:

April 17, 2003, accessed March 23, 2008: "It was considered significant that the White House meeting with

6321: 5388: 2218: 1654: 1261: 994: 876: 331: 6353: 3057: 2249: 7008: 6847: 5680: 5604: 1929: 1540:

any further charges." The trial confirmed that the leak came first from then-Deputy Secretary of State

1501: 1491: 1399: 795:

In 1993, returning to private legal practice from government, Libby became the managing partner of the

5484: 5393: 4950: 4887: 4220:

A Verdict Clearing Espy Is the Latest Sign That the Independent-Counsel Statute Is Likely to Perish",

3973: 1792:) reported that Bush had not ruled out pardoning Libby in the future and that Bush's press spokesman, 7440: 7355: 7170: 6842: 5988: 5867: 5178: 4002: 3632: 3370: 2401: 1159:

argue that Libby was among the Bush administration's most "fervently pro-Israel ... officials" (20).

575: 6581:(Home page), n.d. Accessed July 8, 2007. (Concerning Bush's commutation of Libby's prison sentence.) 5096:"Neither Prison Nor Pardon: Justice in the Libby Case Lies With Bush's Third Option" by William Otis 4776:

in Connection with Defendant's Motion for Bail Pending Appeal", filed June 8, 2007, online posting,

3844: 6852: 6790: 6541:(13). ("Edited & with reporting by Murray Waas" and with research assistance by Jeff Lomonaco.) 6163: 4503: 4074: 3824: 3540: 3524: 3342:"'Take Jack's Word': The Pardons of International Fugitives Marc Rich and Pincus Green (Chap. One)" 1870:

Reportedly outraged by Bush's commutation of Libby's prison sentence, on July 2, 2007, Wilson told

1343:

Her notation on her July 8, 2003 meeting with Libby does contain the name "Valerie Flame [

1100: 647:'Scooter' derives from the day father watched him crawling in his crib and joked, 'He's a Scooter! 396: 6585: 6495:"Scooter Libby – White House: Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Vice President" 6159:"President Trump poised to pardon Scooter Libby, Dick Cheney's former chief of staff, sources say" 5664:, February 15, 2007; updated with appended correction, February 17, 2007, accessed March 24, 2007. 5285: 4530: 3866: 3393: 7307: 7268: 6958: 6827: 5844: 5821: 5045: 4846: 4281: 2223: 1722: 1419: 931:, although his Pennsylvania law license was inactive, and he had already been suspended from the 350: 6676: 6662: 6421: 5657: 5364: 4824: 4159: 3888: 2355: 1615:

threw them away, but then there were more, some that were more hateful ... hey are being kept."

7380: 7350: 7297: 7273: 7241: 6603:"Wilsons' Attorney Statement in Response to Jury's Verdict in U.S. v. I. Lewis 'Scooter' Libby" 6472: 4649: 3730: 3415: 1588: 1474: 1200: 911: 613: 416: 400: 381: 355: 343: 195: 6501: (archived October 11, 2004). White House biography from 2004. Accessed February 10, 2007. 5142:"Grant of Executive Clemency: A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America" 3460: 7192: 7155: 6680: 6666: 6455: 6426: 6398: 6083: 5507: 5251: 5232: 5053: 4302: 4173: 3893: 3700: 3183: 2987: 2423: 2363: 2060: 2055: 1851: 1839: 1738:

At the time, Bush explained his "Grant of Executive Clemency" to Libby, in part, as follows:

1248: 1137: 722: 710: 528: 5950: 4037: 2706: 1450:

against a 30-count indictment and had also participated in the successful defense of former

1223:, a group that encourages and advocates changes to government policy to strengthen national 7345: 7319: 7220: 7119: 5718: 4697:. Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007 4007: 3770: 3627: 3186:, the D.C. Bar stated that his crimes amounted to "moral turpitude" and recommended to the 2983: 2013:) for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status. Judge 1946: 1882:

congressman was engaging in "yet a further smear of my wife's good name and my good name."

1663: 784:

LLP), becoming a partner in 1986 and working there until 1989, when he left to work in the

5887: 4730: 1827:

investigation of Bush's commutation of Libby's sentence and other presidential reprieves.

643:

s Eric Schmitt, citing the aforementioned interview with Libby's brother, wrote that "His

359:, Libby's license to practice law was suspended until being reinstated in 2016. President 8: 7293: 7206: 7199: 6918: 6703: 6628: 6522: 6259: 6065: 5975: 5525: 5100: 5082: 4403: 4264: 3921: 3696: 2563: 1966: 1801: 1763: 1702: 1691: 1496: 1293: 1141: 702: 477: 462: 241: 3327: 2867: 841:

Fugitive billionaire commodities trader Marc Rich, who, along with his business partner

7068: 6636: 6550: 6229: 6195: 5795: 5599: 5256: 5114: 4935: 4851: 4829: 4320: 4286: 4070: 3810: 3734:, 28.6 (March 23, 2006), "available online at www.lrb.co.uk." The LRB version entitled 3724: 3655: 3134: 2907: 2532: 1980: 1782: 1469: 1258: 1153: 1133: 1125: 1121:

Libby was also actively involved in the Bush administration's efforts to negotiate the

1112: 1002: 690: 567: 469: 385: 3663:'s aides on Tuesday was attended on the American side not only by Secretary of State 3368:

For a detailed commentary on the contexts of Libby's work on the Rich case, see 32–33

3098: 2944: 2126: 1306:

and that she would only testify before that grand jury if given an individual waiver.

807:, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, and Alexander); in 1995, along with his Mudge Rose colleague, 438:

reporter Jack Mirkinson observes, "Even though he would eventually become a prominent

6988: 6963: 6534: 6526: 6410: 6402: 6254: 6190: 5697: 5164: 4710: 4613: 4584: 4473: 4442: 3933: 3925: 3275: 3015: 3007: 2999: 2991: 2747: 2039:

Libby's voting rights were restored on November 1, 2012 by then-Governor of Virginia

2028: 1465: 1314: 1310: 1099:(2001–2003). At various points in his career, Libby has also held positions with the 979: 781: 508:" Libby and Grant married in the early 1990s, have a son and a daughter, and live in 497: 457:... a political science class with professor and future Deputy Secretary of Defense 443: 392: 5899: 5816: 3534:""Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, Forces, and Resources for a New Century"" 7324: 7227: 7213: 7109: 7028: 7003: 6933: 6557: 5928: 5727: 5684:, February 20, 2007 – June 28, 2007 (updated periodically), accessed June 30, 2007. 5674: 5553: 5450: 4919: 4842: 4806: 4691:"Statement from Ambassador Joseph Wilson on Sentencing of I. Lewis 'Scooter' Libby" 4558: 4078: 3949: 3762: 3668: 3594: 3447: 3053: 2633: 2595: 2245: 2209: 2072: 1759: 1269: 1205: 1145: 1115: 1104: 1033: 932: 881: 796: 509: 412: 404: 236: 3306:"H. Rept. 107-454 - Justice Undone: Clemency Decisions in the Clinton White House" 1796:, denied any political motivation in the commutation. Quoting Snow, Rowley added: 6953: 6898: 6832: 6813: 6747: 6690: 6498: 6433: 6279: 6017: 5835: 5704:(accredited press blog), July 9, 2007; accessed July 10, 2007 (Provides links to 5693: 5359: 5173: 5146: 4930: 4797: 4753: 4737: 4644: 4580: 4438: 4255: 4235: 3719: 3704: 3589: 3179: 2949: 2600: 2181: 2101:

List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

2001:

On July 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Libby,

1996: 1984: 1971: 1580: 1505: 1454: 1424: 1156: 1049: 1037: 1025: 963: 871: 862: 808: 653: 611:

after his name. At other times, however, as listed in his federal indictment and

586: 447: 434: 428: 423: 339: 318:

In October 2005, Libby resigned from all three government positions after he was

232: 106: 6318:, January 24, 2007. Accessed June 8, 2007. (Premium content; restricted access). 5192:

unmistakable message, internally as well as externally: No one is above the law.

4386:, March 6, 2007; accessed June 8, 2007. (Access limited to one viewing per day.) 3608: 3431: 3175: 1937:

parts of Libby's sentence and their effects on Libby's future life experiences.

7053: 7048: 7043: 6998: 6983: 6968: 6928: 6908: 6903: 6774: 6730: 6302: 5883: 5311: 5137: 4905: 4865: 4765: 4499: 4239: 3758: 3746: 3676: 3486: 3155: 2979: 2465: 2428: 2282: 1789: 1679: 1479: 1274: 967: 789: 777: 698: 458: 312: 160: 94: 6595: 6482: 6363: 6010: 5407: 5337: 2673: 2009:, and other unnamed senior White House officials (among whom they later added 1863:, the U.S. government had successfully argued that sentences that fall within 1468:, the press initially reported that Libby would testify at the trial. Libby's 1048:(PNAC) (a document dated June 3, 1997). He joined Wolfowitz, PNAC co-founders 7339: 7313: 7114: 7104: 7083: 7073: 7023: 7018: 6993: 6943: 6938: 6913: 6867: 6857: 6837: 6586:"Statement in Response to Jury's Verdict in U.S. v. I. Lewis 'Scooter' Libby" 6060: 6011:"Statement on Ambassador Joseph and Valerie Wilsons' Appeal Filed on July 20" 5548: 5028:; the LLDT website featured a "Message from the Chairman", former Ambassador 4883: 4773: 4761: 4745: 4365:

Cheney's Ex-aide Faces Jail Time in CIA Leak Case; Sentencing Set for June",

4155: 4038:"A Personal Account: My Four Hours Testifying in the Federal Grand Jury Room" 3958: 3840: 3684: 2040: 2014: 1602: 1487: 1461: 1279: 1254: 1209: 1092: 867: 816: 804: 605: 335: 5439:"The Use and Misuse of Clemency Powers by Officials of the Executive Branch" 4637: 3735: 1005:

for the 1994–1999 fiscal years (dated February 18, 1992) with Wolfowitz for

954:

Libby also lost his license to practice or appear in court in Pennsylvania.

7288: 7283: 7234: 7078: 6893: 6888: 6862: 6642: 6349: 5069: 4870: 4757: 4325: 4307: 4213: 3750: 3664: 3660: 3561: 3557: 3463:, submitted March 6, 2008, decided March 20, 2008, accessed April 18, 2008. 3037: 2911:, Times Topics, updated periodically, March 6, 2007, accessed July 6, 2007. 2044: 1816: 1696: 1552: 1483: 1363: 1327:

undisclosed meeting with Libby on June 23, 2003, two weeks before Wilson's

1240: 1129: 1088: 1077: 1053: 897: 858: 842: 762: 750: 706: 658: 489: 473: 360: 281:; born August 22, 1950) is an American lawyer and former chief of staff to 245: 6382:

United States of America vs. I. Lewis Libby, also known as "Scooter Libby"

5888:"Valerie Plame Wilson and Ambassador Joseph Wilson Initiate a Civil Action 4416: 4362: 4195: 4139: 3671:, the national security adviser, but by others in the administration whom 3628:"As White House Menorah Is Lit, Bush Speaks of His Resolve Against Terror" 2781:"Public Lives: 'Cheney Aide Will Eat Horse Guts Before He'll Spill Beans'" 2186:

United States of America vs. I. Lewis Libby, also known as "Scooter Libby"

1586:

Joseph and Valerie Wilson posted their statement on Libby's sentencing in

388:. His father changed his family original surname from Leibovitz to Libby. 7175: 7099: 7038: 7013: 6973: 6948: 6757: 6504: 6335: 5584: 5575: 5029: 4820: 4801: 4749: 4741: 4338: 4277: 3913: 3845:"War Room: Did Scooter Libby Try to Hide His Meeting with Judith Miller?" 3766: 3680: 3509:

Vice President's Former Top Aide is Called 'Dick Cheney's Dick Cheney'",

3506: 3216: 3103: 2389: 2067: 2002: 1892: 1867:

are presumed to be "reasonable", regardless of individual circumstances.

1671: 1606:

and suggesting he might not give a great deal of weight to their opinion

1391: 1073: 1065:

Project for the New American Century § Rebuilding America's Defenses

1029: 1006: 846: 601: 285: 148: 136: 82: 6602: 6572: 6248: 6184: 5104:, June 7, 2007: A-27; posted online June 7, 2007; accessed June 7, 2007. 3617:, November 9, 2005 (November 28, 2005 issue): 2; accessed March 3, 2007. 3416:"In the Matter of I. Lewis Libby Jr., D.C. App. No. 07-BG-179 Respondent 1689:

Surveying "the pardon battle" and citing both pro and con publications,

1630: 492:, in the late 1980s, while he was a partner and she an associate in the 7301: 6923: 6653: 6422:"Legal Affairs: I. Lewis Libby: The Plight of a Disciplined Risk-Taker" 5041: 4246:(accredited press blog), September 23, 2006; accessed January 24, 2007. 3875: 3862: 3613: 3221: 3211: 1933: 1856: 1683: 1667: 1525:

investigation, and one of the two counts of making false statements to

1522: 1224: 1198:

From January 2006 until March 7, 2007, the day after his conviction in

998: 944: 936: 776:

policy planning staff, at the invitation of his former Yale professor,

734: 550: 533: 323: 319: 1595: 1061:

Project for the New American Century § "Fundamental propositions"

7058: 6546:"White House Is Pressing Israelis To Take Initiatives in Peace Talks" 6314: 5937: 5866:, September 13, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006; includes PDF. Cf. 5580: 4793: 3849: 3791: 3754: 3651:"White House Is Pressing Israelis To Take Initiatives in Peace Talks" 3062: 2498: 2254: 2006: 1887: 1793: 1775: 1447: 1436: 1415: 1411: 978:, and he resigned from government to enter private legal practice at 832: 820: 812: 730: 618: 521: 6607: 6577: 6568: 5658:"For Brigade of Liberal Bloggers, the Libby Trial Is Fun and Fodder" 5025: 4371:, March 6, 2007, updated 9:18 p.m., ET, accessed March 7, 2007. 3214:

Lawyers Join Washington, D.C. Office of Decert Price & Rhoads",

2842:"In the Spotlight And on the Spot: Scooter Libby, Backstage No More" 2394:"Libby Jewish? Some Wonder How Neo-con's Faith Impacts Leak Scandal" 114:

National Security Advisor to the Vice President of the United States

7063: 6978: 6466: 6325: 5951:"Judge Tosses Out Ex-Spy's Lawsuit Against Cheney in CIA Leak Case" 5910: 5862: 5480: 5032:, and the Advisory Committee, June 1, 2007; accessed March 7, 2007. 4426: 4367: 4222: 4200: 4105: 3551: 3511: 3033:"Indicted Libby's Publishers Plan 25,000 Reprint of 'steamy' Novel" 2875: 2710: 1820: 1303: 1265: 1070: 694: 686: 644: 493: 6782: 5782:. August 29, 2006. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006 5722: 5205:"Statement by the President on Executive Clemency for Lewis Libby" 2029:

Restoration of voting rights, law license, and presidential pardon

1107:'s Center for Russia and Eurasia, and been a legal adviser to the 729:

has been described as "a thriller ... that includes references to

342:, the national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan in the 3565: 2596:"Libby '72 Leaned Left Before Serving As Cheney's Chief of Staff" 1041: 1018: 957: 828: 824: 772:

Libby practiced law at Schnader for six years before joining the

7446:

Members of the Jewish Institute for National Security of America

4901:"Libby, Ex-Cheney Aide, Must Go to Jail During Appeal (Update2)" 4198:

Packed Court Hears NBC Newsman Deny Identifying CIA Operative",

3954:"Time's Pearlstine Looks Back at Plamegate, Blames Floyd Abrams" 1422:

when interviewed by federal agents about his conversations with

1282:

and other reporters and later tried to hide his having done so.

32: 6657: 6601:(blog), March 6, 2007. Accessed April 18, 2007. Also posted as 6006: 5304:"Bush Won't Rule Out Pardon for Libby as Aide Defends Clemency" 4977:"Byron York on the Pardons Of Scooter Libby and Susan McDougal" 4342: 3675:

considers more sympathetic. ... These other officials included

3672: 2278:"Bush Commutes Libby's Prison Term in CIA Leak Case (Update 2)" 1846: 1788:

The day after the commuting of Libby's sentence, James Rowley (

1766:

during the last two years of Bush's presidency. According to a

1731: 1675: 1533: 948: 916: 854: 632:

Libby has also been secretive about the origin of his nickname

377: 6599:

Citizens ^Blogging for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington

6596:"CREW Statement on Libby Conviction: No Man Is Above the Law." 6328:

The Secretive Cheney Aide at the Heart of the CIA Leak Case".

1204:, when he resigned, Libby served as a "senior adviser" at the 6765:

Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs

6588:(now outdated URL). Press release. Originally posted online. 6567:(CREW), July 3, 2007. Accessed July 4, 2007. Online posting. 5892: 5292:, July 2, 2007 (updated periodically), accessed July 3, 2007. 4810:, June 8, 2007, updated June 9, 2007, accessed June 15, 2007. 4341:, Chairman, Libby Defense Trust, and the Advisory Committee, 1917: 1855:, the case of a defendant convicted of perjury in front of a 1044:, he was a signatory to the "Statement of Principles" of the 682: 408: 297:

Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs

6663:"Legal Affairs: Lewis Libby's Complete Grand Jury Testimony" 5897:(Press Release), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006; cf. 3564:; full list of "Project Participants" – I. Lewis Libby 3556:

September 2000; accessed June 5, 2007 (Project Co-Chairmen:

6509:"Cheney 'Authorized' Libby to Leak Classified Information". 5052:

March 6, 2007; accessed April 5, 2007; cf. news account in

4399:

Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's press conference

1718: 1592:

on their website, "grateful that justice has been served."

1213: 850: 738: 7366:

Chiefs of staff to the vice president of the United States

2816:"Leniency Letters Showcase Scooter's 30-Year Legal Career" 6738:

Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States

6594:(CREW), March 6, 2007. Accessed March 6, 2007. Posted as 6477:

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

5994:

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

5955: 5705: 5369: 5281: 4633: 4178: 3741: 3398: 3389: 3194: 2954: 2672:

The biography currently lists only "Senior Adviser"; cf.

1913:

United States v. Libby § Press coverage of the trial

1871: 1812: 1443:

to represent him. Wells had successfully defended former

1395: 1345: 1335:

on October 16, 2005, based on her notes, Miller reports:

562: 558: 301:

Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States

45:

Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States

4149: 3260:""Biographies of White House Senior Staff: Lewis Libby"" 6130: 5698:"All Sides Agree Libby Should Serve Supervised Release" 4497: 3515:, updated October 28, 2005; accessed February 17, 2007. 1878:

hearing on July 11, 2007, vehemently protesting that a

6479:, filed January 10, 2007. Accessed February 10, 2007. 6473:

United States of America, v. I. Lewis Libby, Defendant

6374:). Last updated March 21, 2007. Accessed July 1, 2007. 6276:"Biographies of White House Senior Staff: Lewis Libby" 4467:

Schmitt, Richard B.; Savage, David G. (July 4, 2007).

4003:"Libby Did Not Tell Grand Jury about Key Conversation" 3402:(Archives), March 2, 2001, accessed February 16, 2007. 2432:(November 7, 2005 ed.). Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2250:"A History of Indictments involving White House Staff" 1849:, liberal commentator Harlan J. Protass noted that in 1706:, former federal prosecutor and conservative activist 819:

for the last two years of his presidency dominated by

6485:

Calls 30-month Term for Ex-Cheney Aide 'excessive'".

6157:

Jonathan, Karl; Katharine, Faulders; John, Santucci.

6098: 6054:"Supreme Court will not revive Valerie Plame lawsuit" 5628:"Cheney to magazine: Bush should have pardoned Libby" 5508:"Issue of Supervised Release for Libby Is Cleared Up" 4868:

Details Decision Not Allowing Libby to Remain Free",

3962:, last updated June 27, 2007; accessed June 29, 2007. 2528:"As Trial Begins, Cheney's Ex-Aide Is Still a Puzzle" 2424:"Did Libby's Jewishness Impact the CIA Leak Scandal?" 2297:"Scooter Libby Can Practice Law Again, DC Court Says" 1631:

Failure of Libby's appealing to begin prison sentence

1331:

op-ed was published. In her account published in the

520:

Libby has been secretive about his full name. He was

6679:. Archive of articles concerning Libby broadcast on 6611:, March 6, 2007, home page. Accessed April 18, 2007. 6591: