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Mongol offers, and abandon
Sandomierz, in exchange of safe passage for all residents of the city. Finally, facing hunger and epidemics, the Poles left Sandomierz on February 2, 1260; the Mongols broke their promise and massacred the civilians and the defenders. The city itself was looted and burned to the ground.
643:
continued. Defenders of the city fiercely resisted all attacks of the Mongol and
Ruthenian forces. After several weeks, Mongol leaders began negotiations with the Poles, who were commanded by a man named Piotr of Krepa. Ruthenian princes, which took part in the siege, advised Piotr of Krepa to accept
608:(early December 1259). Boroldai ordered Ruthenian auxiliary units to besiege and capture the city, while main Mongol forces marched westwards toward the Holy Cross Mountains. Their march was marked by an orgy of destruction; among others, ancient abbeys of
701:
Lesser Poland was devastated by the invasion, with the
Mongols acquiring much rich loot from their expedition. Some 10,000 Poles were taken with the Mongol invaders as slaves. Through this invasion, the
571:
The events that took place in the
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia echoed in Lesser Poland, and in late 1258, preparations for the defence of Kraków began. The work was quickly abandoned, and
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On
February 5, main Mongol forces abandoned Sandomierz. All units joined forces on February 10–12, and entered densely populated southern Lesser Poland. After looting the abbeys at
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663:, the invaders flooded the region in an orgy of murder and destruction. In the second half of February, the Mongols reached Kraków, quickly capturing the city, but without the
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for his independent actions. King Daniel had to comply to Mongol demands, and in 1258, his forces joined the
Mongols in
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successfully managed to destroy Bolesław’s anti-Mongol alliance and fully subjugate the
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia.
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in the west, and did not enter other Polish provinces. The two columns of the invading army joined forces near
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Martyrdom of Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs of
Sandomierz during the Second Mongol invasion of Poland.
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Stanisław
Krakowski, Polska w walce z najazdami tatarskimi w XIII wieku, MON, 1956, pp. 181-201
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dukes returned to their internal quarrels. In
October 1259, right before the invasion, Duke of
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dukes from sending their support to Lesser Poland, Boroldai sent some units to the area of
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The invasion began in late 1259, after a powerful Mongol army had been sent to the
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528:), and to weaken Duke of Kraków Bolesław V the Chaste, whose province,
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Aleksander Gieysztor; Stefan Kieniewicz; Emanuel Rostworowski (1979).
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In late March 1260, the Mongols left Lesser Poland eastward along the
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597:. A few weeks later, Lesser Poland was invaded by the Mongol hordes.
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At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities
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2010:
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808:(2 ed.). PWN, Polish Scientific Publishers. p. 93.
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1420:(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)
1985:
1939:
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allied himself with Duke Bolesław V the Chaste and Duke of
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Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
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Benedictine Abbey). The Mongols limited their advance to
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were looted (most probably, they failed to capture the
1150:
List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
754:
Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols)
520:
The purpose of the invasion was to loot the divided
1145:Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe
457:in 1259–1260. During this invasion the cities of
3146:
828:
477:were sacked by the Mongols for the second time.
1565:(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)
750:"Catastrophe, Pax Mongolica, and Globalization"
667:, which was fortified and defended. To prevent
2433:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
2139:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
331:
2103:
2089:
868:
678:. Duke Bolesław V the Chaste himself fled to
505:decided to attack his allies, Hungarian King
317:
1048:
747:
2429:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
2417:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
2275:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
2096:
2082:
875:
861:
324:
310:
2280:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
2270:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
722:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
2568:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
32:This article includes a list of general
2129:History of Polish intelligence services
3147:
3082:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1495:(1277 / 1283 / 1287)
1454:(1236 / 1240 / 1252)
2475:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
2077:
1814:
1325:
1047:
894:
856:
600:The Mongolian army concentrated near
305:
2665:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
2318:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
1326:
1078:Administrative divisions and vassals
526:Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty
124:Parts of southern and eastern Poland
18:
2901:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
1345:
501:. To weaken Daniel's position, the
13:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3201:
882:
548:. The columns were to unite near
2687:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
2390:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
2181:
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447:second Mongol invasion of Poland
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207:
195:
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84:Second Mongol invasion of Poland
23:
2670:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
2660:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
2648:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
2601:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
2519:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
2514:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
2509:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
2497:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
2492:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
2385:Władysław the White's rebellion
2372:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
2357:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
2323:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
895:
2852:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
2643:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
2412:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
822:
795:
786:
741:
716:
1:
2759:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
2727:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2400:1444 war against the Ottomans
2227:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
2217:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
2134:List of wars involving Poland
2065:Timeline of the Mongol Empire
1762:Division of the Mongol Empire
709:
589:, in order to attack Duke of
2769:War of the Bar Confederation
2764:War of the Polish Succession
696:
564:and probably Lithuanians or
7:
3127:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3020:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
2816:War of the Fourth Coalition
2468:campaign of Stephen Báthory
1012:Manghit / Mangudai
487:Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
449:was carried out by General
10:
3206:
3175:Mongol invasions of Poland
3105:Operation Uphold Democracy
2840:War of the Sixth Coalition
2828:War of the Fifth Coalition
2774:Polish–Russian War of 1792
2149:Warfare in Medieval Poland
2124:History of the Polish Army
1815:
1791:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
725:The Clash of Civilizations
480:
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196:
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173:
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3185:1260 in the Mongol Empire
3180:1259 in the Mongol Empire
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3015:Białystok Ghetto uprising
3000:
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2845:French invasion of Russia
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2105:Polish wars and conflicts
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1973:
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1606:(1223 / 1236–40)
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829:Laurențiu Rădvan (2010).
762:10.1163/9789004395190_033
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91:Mongol invasion of Europe
88:
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16:1259–60 military campaign
2933:Second Silesian Uprising
2250:1156 war against Germany
2247:1146 war against Germany
499:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
489:in order to punish King
3132:Military aid to Ukraine
2943:Third Silesian Uprising
2911:First Silesian Uprising
2906:Polish–Czechoslovak War
2675:Battle of Chocim (1673)
2653:Battle of Chocim (1621)
1088:Invasions and conquests
1007:Paiza / Gerege
727:. Page Publishing Inc.
636:, in mid-January 1260.
53:more precise citations.
3010:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2953:World War II in Poland
2613:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2596:Moldavian Magnate Wars
2563:Siege of Danzig (1577)
1745:(1260 / 1301)
1473:(1274 / 1281)
1140:Franco-Mongol alliance
723:Trawinski, A. (2017).
639:At the same time, the
417:3rd invasion (1287–88)
398:2nd invasion (1259–60)
345:1st invasion (1240–41)
234:Commanders and leaders
3115:2003 invasion of Iraq
3043:Operation Ostra Brama
2938:Polish–Lithuanian War
2752:Battle of Berestechko
2480:War against Sigismund
2254:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
835:. BRILL. p. 34.
748:Florin Curta (2019).
540:. After crossing the
515:Bolesław V the Chaste
288:Casualties and losses
257:Bolesław V the Chaste
2896:Polish–Ukrainian War
2747:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2310:Polish–Teutonic wars
2119:Early modern warfare
1636:Serbia and Bulgaria
756:. pp. 699–717.
595:Casimir I of Kuyavia
546:Holy Cross Mountains
115:late 1259-early 1260
2993:during World War II
2779:Kościuszko Uprising
2743:1644 Tatar Invasion
2717:Fedorovych uprising
2708:1624 Tatar Invasion
2635:Polish–Ottoman wars
2587:1593 Tatar Invasion
2579:1589 Tatar Invasion
2556:Battle of Lubieszów
2485:Battle of Stångebro
2455:Polish–Swedish wars
2362:Thirteen Years' War
2232:Miecław's Rebellion
2207:Polish–Veletian War
2144:Polish Armed Forces
2112:General and related
1883:Khagans of the Yuan
1612:Poland and Bohemia
1388:Khwarazmian Empire
1113:Society and economy
641:siege of Sandomierz
536:, and head towards
3120:Occupation of Iraq
3100:War in Afghanistan
2977:Invasion of Poland
2872:fighting in Poland
2793:Poland partitioned
2739:Ostryanyn uprising
2591:Nalyvaiko Uprising
2538:Great Northern War
2502:Battle of Kircholm
2395:Battle of Grotniki
2367:War of the Priests
2340:Battle of Grunwald
1628:Holy Roman Empire
1083:Banner/Bunchuk/Tug
580:Bolesław the Pious
558:Vasilko Romanovich
453:(Burundai) of the
3190:Looting in Poland
3160:Conflicts in 1260
3155:Conflicts in 1259
3142:
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3077:Racibórz Conflict
3069:People's Republic
3063:
3062:
3038:Operation Tempest
2916:Polish–Soviet War
2857:November Uprising
2833:Austro-Polish War
2821:Prussian campaign
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2786:
2682:Great Turkish War
2623:Battle of Humenné
2618:Thirty Years' War
2606:Battle of Kłuszyn
2583:Kosiński uprising
2573:Battle of Byczyna
2440:
2439:
2352:Gollub War (1422)
2347:Hunger War (1414)
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2285:Battle of Legnica
2236:1072 war against
2212:Battle of Cedynia
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1783:Kaidu–Kublai war
1775:Berke–Hulagu war
1767:Toluid Civil War
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1120:House of Borjigin
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842:978-90-04-18010-9
815:978-83-01-00392-0
805:History of Poland
624:in the north and
554:Daniel of Galicia
522:Kingdom of Poland
491:Daniel of Galicia
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333:Mongol invasions
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2921:Battle of Warsaw
2862:January Uprising
2801:Denisko uprising
2734:Pavlyuk uprising
2712:Zhmaylo uprising
2692:Battle of Vienna
2551:Danzig rebellion
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2328:Battle of Płowce
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125:
102:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3203:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3170:1260 in Europe
3167:
3165:1259 in Europe
3162:
3157:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3092:Third Republic
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2926:Kiev offensive
2923:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2811:Peninsular War
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
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2754:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2731:
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2719:
2714:
2709:
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2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
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2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
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2332:
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2320:
2314:
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2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1871:
1866:Oghul Qaimish
1863:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
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1780:
1772:
1764:
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1724:
1716:
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1700:
1698:
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1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:Mongol Armenia
1127:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
967:
966:
963:
959:
956:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
911:
909:
899:
898:
888:
887:
880:
879:
872:
865:
857:
849:
848:
841:
821:
814:
794:
785:
770:
740:
733:
714:
713:
711:
708:
698:
695:
577:Greater Poland
556:, his brother
509:, and Duke of
482:
479:
440:
439:
437:
436:
431:
426:
413:
412:
407:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
342:
339:
338:
329:
328:
321:
314:
306:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
285:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:6,000 infantry
271:
267:
266:
262:
261:
260:various others
254:
236:
235:
231:
230:
229:
228:
226:Greater Poland
216:
204:
192:
157:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:Mongol victory
131:
127:
126:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
105:
104:
94:
93:
86:
85:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3202:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Lwów uprising
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2991:contributions
2988:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2970:Eastern Front
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2876:Eastern Front
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:Chagatai Khan
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:Latin Empire
1642:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:Northern Yuan
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Imperial Seal
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:
991:Pax Mongolica
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
964:
961:
960:
957:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
908:
904:
900:
893:
889:
885:
884:Mongol Empire
878:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
858:
855:
844:
838:
834:
833:
825:
817:
811:
807:
806:
798:
789:
781:
777:
773:
771:9789004342576
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
736:
734:9781635687125
730:
726:
719:
715:
707:
705:
694:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
578:
574:
573:Piast dynasty
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:Lesser Poland
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
419:
418:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
400:
399:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
340:
327:
322:
320:
315:
313:
308:
307:
304:
295:
292:
291:
286:
281:3,000 cavalry
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
270:20,000–30,000
269:
268:
263:
258:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
237:
232:
227:
217:
215:
214:Lesser Poland
205:
203:
193:
191:
181:
180:
179:
169:
158:
156:
146:
145:
140:
132:
129:
128:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
106:
100:
95:
92:
87:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2981:Polish
2965:World War II
2722:Smolensk War
2463:Livonian War
2446:Commonwealth
2274:
2195:Piast Poland
2176:
1835:Genghis Khan
1659:
1604:Kievan Rus'
1582:(1237–1300s)
1574:(1237–1300s)
1418:Western Xia
1380:Qara Khitai
1213:Major cities
1192:Golden Horde
1168:Yuan dynasty
1055:Organization
989:
940:Khong Tayiji
831:
824:
804:
797:
788:
753:
743:
724:
718:
704:Golden Horde
700:
688:
646:
638:
599:
570:
519:
503:Golden Horde
484:
455:Golden Horde
446:
444:
415:
414:
397:
396:
395:
343:
273:
159:
155:Golden Horde
142:Belligerents
89:Part of the
65:
56:
37:
2867:World War I
1910:Sartaq Khan
1879:Kublai Khan
1874:Möngke Khan
1848:Ögedei Khan
1827:Great Khans
1793:(1314–1318)
1785:(1268–1301)
1737:(1260–1323)
1721:(1253–1256)
1704:Middle East
1598:(1238–1239)
1539:(1221–1327)
1398:(1219–1256)
1390:(1219–1221)
1372:(1264–1308)
1364:(1207-1308)
1230:Azov (Azaq)
896:Terminology
693:foothills.
610:Koprzywnica
566:Yotvingians
59:August 2013
51:introducing
3149:Categories
2987:resistance
2531:The Deluge
2046:Nogai Khan
1930:Özbeg Khan
1861:Güyük Khan
1755:Civil wars
1743:Palestine
1652:Lithuania
1572:Circassia
1305:Xacitarxan
1290:Soltaniyeh
1027:Darughachi
710:References
691:Carpathian
665:Wawel Hill
606:Sandomierz
587:Siemowit I
459:Sandomierz
434:Stary Sacz
405:Sandomierz
351:Sandomierz
34:references
2335:Great War
1915:Orda Khan
1905:Batu Khan
1769:(1260–64)
1713:(1241–43)
1711:Anatolia
1686:(1287–88)
1678:(1285–86)
1670:(1264–65)
1662:(1259–60)
1654:(1258–59)
1630:(1241–42)
1622:(1241–42)
1614:(1240–41)
1590:(1229–36)
1580:Chechnya
1520:(1300–02)
1484:Southeast
1463:(1253–56)
1445:(1235–79)
1437:(1231–60)
1429:(1211–34)
1382:(1216–18)
1370:Sakhalin
1330:Campaigns
1280:Saray-Jük
1270:Samarkand
1245:Karakorum
1204:Ilkhanate
962:Political
780:203312568
697:Aftermath
657:Szczyrzyc
649:Jędrzejów
618:Łysa Góra
538:Zawichost
471:Zawichost
361:Chmielnik
335:of Poland
3110:Iraq War
2041:Boroldai
2021:Khubilai
2001:Bo'orchu
1974:Military
1868:(regent)
1855:(regent)
1842:(regent)
1727:Baghdad
1676:Hungary
1620:Hungary
1563:Georgia
1510:Vietnam
1362:Siberia
1260:Maragheh
1160:Khanates
1108:Religion
1103:Military
1052:Politics
1002:Kurultai
965:Military
669:Silesian
562:Kipchaks
495:the raid
451:Boroldai
376:Racibórz
265:Strength
248:Talabuga
244:Burundai
120:Location
2985:,
2983:history
2874:on the
2238:Bohemia
2011:Boroqul
2006:Guo Kan
1996:Negudar
1981:Subutai
1881: (
1719:Alamut
1692:Serbia
1684:Poland
1668:Thrace
1660:Poland
1596:Alania
1461:Yunnan
1396:Persia
1354:Central
1333:Battles
1240:Bolghar
1235:Bukhara
1220:Almalik
1022:Kheshig
950:Tarkhan
680:Sieradz
661:Miechów
634:Chęciny
626:Sulejów
614:Wąchock
584:Mazovia
550:Chęciny
542:Vistula
507:Béla IV
497:on the
481:History
429:Dunajec
391:Meissen
386:Legnica
366:Tarczek
202:Masovia
190:Silesia
47:improve
1991:Muqali
1965:Ghazan
1960:Arghun
1950:Hulegu
1840:Tolui
1816:People
1777:(1262)
1735:Syria
1729:(1258)
1694:(1291)
1646:(1242)
1638:(1242)
1554:Europe
1537:India
1518:Burma
1504:(1293)
1493:Burma
1471:Japan
1452:Tibet
1435:Korea
1295:Tabriz
1265:Qarshi
1225:Avarga
1071:Topics
975:Jarlig
935:Jinong
930:Khanum
925:Khatun
915:Khagan
907:Titles
839:
812:
778:
768:
731:
653:Mogiła
630:Kielce
591:Kujawy
534:Lublin
511:Kraków
473:, and
467:Lublin
463:Kraków
410:Kraków
371:Kraków
356:Tursko
274:9,000
168:Poland
130:Result
36:, but
2036:Kadan
2031:Bayan
2016:Jelme
1955:Abaqa
1945:Kebek
1925:Toqta
1920:Berke
1900:Jochi
1893:Khans
1530:South
1502:Java
1255:Majar
1197:Wings
1017:Tümen
997:Yassa
980:Örtöö
945:Noyan
776:S2CID
676:Bytom
672:Piast
622:Radom
602:Chełm
524:(see
475:Bytom
424:Łagów
381:Opole
296:Heavy
293:Light
252:Nogai
240:Berke
1986:Jebe
1940:Duwa
1409:East
1346:Asia
1300:Ukek
1250:Dadu
1058:Life
985:Orda
920:Khan
837:ISBN
810:ISBN
766:ISBN
729:ISBN
659:and
632:and
612:and
445:The
112:Date
2026:Aju
758:doi
3151::
774:.
764:.
752:.
686:.
655:,
651:,
593:,
568:.
560:,
517:.
513:,
469:,
465:,
461:,
2097:e
2090:t
2083:v
1885:)
876:e
869:t
862:v
845:.
818:.
782:.
760::
737:.
325:e
318:t
311:v
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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