230:
3499:
150:
3511:
38:
1617:
1612:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1607:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1635:
1564:
1589:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1490:
1485:
1982:
1942:
352:
of
November 1917, Sverdlov and Stasova in effect handled the work of the Secretariat as the other members of the body assumed other duties. At the time, the Secretariat was responsible for technical issues such as coordination of the activities of regional Party organizations and handling routine
1599:
1530:
1525:
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1510:
1505:
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1495:
1869:
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816:
791:
776:
806:
721:
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731:
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746:
786:
761:
751:
736:
766:
726:
1721:
1716:
1422:
1304:
1181:
356:
By 1922, the body had transformed from a technical committee to become one of the most important components of the Party, and from that point on it was responsible for day-to-day operations of the
Communist Party. Also in 1922, the position of
293:, who was also a Politburo member, was the leader of the Secretariat and of the Party. Dual membership in the Secretariat and the Politburo was in practice reserved for two or three very senior members of the Soviet leadership, and in the post-
1726:
1289:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1412:
1294:
1171:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
741:
17:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
2143:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1299:
1176:
2148:
2133:
2138:
1020:
1701:
2168:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1711:
1706:
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1691:
1756:
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1349:
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1216:
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1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
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1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1417:
900:
55:
361:
was created, the
General Secretary became the head of the Secretariat and, in the years following Lenin's death in 1924, became the most important figure in the Party and in the Soviet Union.
1841:
1934:
1545:
1477:
703:
1118:
2078:
771:
2088:
2418:
3545:
2043:
2183:
2128:
796:
756:
512:
2822:
2805:
2312:
1678:
593:
529:
318:
274:
208:
196:
162:
2852:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
2203:
1686:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
935:
930:
925:
920:
102:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
915:
910:
905:
74:
2795:
2322:
2307:
370:
289:, although in all but the first years of its existence the elections were a formality since decisions were made by the senior leadership before the voting. The
3315:
713:
81:
2841:
2810:
1148:
688:
475:
375:
270:
3540:
2800:
2752:
867:
88:
3049:
505:
70:
485:
480:
2747:
2360:
2413:
2232:
2048:
498:
245:
2932:
2902:
3189:
3149:
3059:
2870:
2386:
3177:
3072:
2944:
2730:
2280:
2103:
2038:
2013:
95:
3082:
2999:
2892:
2327:
3022:
2829:
2696:
325:
was briefly the leader of the Party for around a week after Stalin's death by virtue of being the top member of the
Secretariat.
3535:
2720:
2565:
3207:
2708:
2674:
2662:
2657:
2548:
3134:
3244:
3012:
2297:
3124:
2790:
2737:
2725:
538:
521:
266:
249:
3172:
3167:
2887:
2835:
3424:
3375:
3308:
3119:
2847:
2449:
2353:
2018:
458:
121:
3454:
3442:
3266:
3256:
3212:
3027:
2703:
2652:
2535:
2317:
2244:
3459:
3447:
3303:
3288:
3202:
3104:
2686:
2506:
2098:
353:
administrative affairs of the Party. Its staff increased from just 30 in 1919 to 600 in 1921 and to 767 by 1925.
3400:
3380:
3077:
2691:
2516:
2444:
2208:
2023:
431:
273:
was charged with the policy-making aspects of the party. The
Secretariat was a component agency of the party's
59:
3471:
3298:
3162:
3114:
2875:
2669:
2543:
2526:
2178:
2108:
2083:
358:
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286:
3067:
2742:
2637:
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2058:
3348:
3330:
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2915:
2882:
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2476:
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2073:
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3320:
3293:
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2262:
2053:
2033:
2028:
1028:
3385:
3358:
3261:
2063:
3353:
3466:
2250:
396:
2715:
48:
229:
3395:
2987:
2925:
2214:
3514:
2486:
297:
era (after March 1953) was a stepping-stone to ultimate power. The last five Soviet leaders (
3276:
3139:
2959:
2757:
2471:
655:
576:
328:
The
Central Committee established the Secretariat on 6 August 1917; it initially comprised
310:
3363:
8:
3503:
3232:
3037:
2966:
2774:
2623:
2501:
2423:
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2511:
2401:
2391:
625:
619:
421:
349:
490:
3478:
3418:
3197:
2983:
2679:
2481:
2466:
2408:
2220:
1053:
661:
637:
582:
558:
427:
329:
314:
298:
179:
2268:
2238:
667:
3390:
2603:
2555:
2461:
2274:
2226:
643:
564:
322:
302:
3410:
3338:
2618:
2608:
607:
546:
337:
333:
259:
Secretariat of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
237:
136:
Secretariat of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
18:
Secretariat of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
265:) was responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the
3529:
3271:
2256:
649:
631:
613:
601:
570:
552:
345:
306:
294:
170:
3154:
2975:
2369:
453:
341:
149:
3017:
2979:
2971:
2593:
2577:
2491:
2433:
3007:
2338:
3227:
3222:
3044:
2937:
2767:
2428:
845:
821:
37:
3217:
2762:
2496:
2456:
2173:
801:
3109:
2613:
1404:
698:
838:
241:
27:
Administration organ of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3032:
2910:
2184:
Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy
423:
The nature of Stalin's dictatorship: the Politburo, 1928-1953
2313:
League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
3144:
2920:
2303:
General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
3129:
2949:
71:"Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"
2323:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
2308:
League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad
520:
371:
Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3546:
Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
398:ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π‘ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°
2174:
All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Komsomol)
476:
Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
376:
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
348:
as candidate members (or alternates). Following the
285:The members of the Secretariat were elected by the
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3527:
3218:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
486:Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union
426:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33.
481:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
317:) were all senior Secretaries before becoming
2354:
2179:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
506:
797:Political Administration of the Armed Forces
3541:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
2361:
2347:
513:
499:
228:
2281:State Committee on the State of Emergency
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2328:Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad
394:
2368:
14:
3528:
2387:Index of Soviet Unionβrelated articles
2342:
494:
2298:Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans
1722:CC of the 7th Conf. (Apr.βAug. 1917)
419:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
522:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
287:Communist Party's Central Committee
267:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
24:
469:
25:
3557:
459:Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives
401:. St. Petersburg: ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ
3510:
3509:
3497:
2318:Siberian Social-Democratic Union
148:
36:
47:needs additional citations for
2209:Group of Democratic Centralism
447:
413:
388:
13:
1:
3536:1917 establishments in Russia
3050:Political abuse of psychiatry
2842:Congress of People's Deputies
1717:CC of the 6th Conf. (1912β17)
1702:CC of the 1st Conf. (1905β06)
817:Transportation-Communications
812:Trade and Consumers' Services
792:Planning and Financial Organs
381:
291:General Secretary of the CPSU
319:First or General Secretaries
7:
3213:Academy of Medical Sciences
420:Rees, Edward Arfon (2003).
364:
280:
10:
3562:
2263:Bloc of Soviet Oppositions
2257:Union of Marxist-Leninists
3491:
3435:
3409:
3329:
3252:
3243:
3188:
3095:
3058:
2998:
2901:
2863:
2783:
2645:
2636:
2586:
2534:
2525:
2377:
2290:
2196:
2161:
2121:
2006:
1999:
1933:
1840:
1677:
1668:
1626:
1598:
1555:
1543:
1476:
1403:
1280:
1147:
1138:
1131:
1019:
866:
859:
830:
787:Organisational-party Work
712:
681:
592:
537:
528:
236:
227:
222:
214:
202:
192:
161:
156:
147:
777:Light- and Food Industry
395:Bazhanov, Boris (1992).
3504:Soviet Union portal
3396:Stalinist architecture
3150:Science and technology
3060:Ideological repression
2988:Soviet Airborne Forces
2926:Destruction battalions
682:Decision-making bodies
3178:List of metro systems
2731:Collective leadership
846:Bolshevik / Kommunist
807:Science and Education
722:Administrative Organs
689:Politburo / Presidium
3140:Net material product
3083:Censorship of images
3000:Political repression
2960:Soviet Border Troops
2893:First Deputy Premier
2477:1965 economic reform
2472:Soviet space program
1697:3rd (Apr.βDec. 1905)
1413:7th (Jan.βMar. 1919)
656:Konstantin Chernenko
577:Konstantin Chernenko
340:as full members and
311:Konstantin Chernenko
204:Responsible to
56:improve this article
3208:Academy of Sciences
3023:Population transfer
2967:Soviet Armed Forces
2830:Congress of Soviets
2811:Presidium/Politburo
2775:Soviet anti-Zionism
2624:West Siberian Plain
2502:Revolutions of 1989
2439:Great Patriotic War
2424:New Economic Policy
2215:Workers' Opposition
1842:Auditing Commission
1132:Leadership sittings
594:General Secretaries
144:
140:Π‘Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Ρ Π¦Π ΠΠΠ‘Π‘
2853:Military Collegium
2721:Capital punishment
2599:Caucasus Mountains
2512:Post-Soviet states
2392:Russian Revolution
2000:Wider organisation
1935:Control Commission
1548:Control Commission
704:Control Commission
626:Vyacheslav Molotov
620:Nikolay Krestinsky
350:October Revolution
134:
3523:
3522:
3487:
3486:
3479:Hammer and sickle
3421:and their groups
3419:Soviet dissidents
3198:Communist Academy
3115:Economic planning
3091:
3090:
2984:Soviet Air Forces
2903:Security services
2823:General Secretary
2806:Central Committee
2748:Political parties
2680:Brezhnev Doctrine
2675:Foreign relations
2632:
2631:
2573:Autonomous okrugs
2487:SovietβAfghan War
2467:Sino-Soviet split
2409:Russian Civil War
2336:
2335:
2245:United Opposition
2192:
2191:
2157:
2156:
2117:
2116:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1679:Central Committee
1664:
1663:
1539:
1538:
1478:Control Committee
1141:Central Committee
1127:
1126:
860:National meetings
855:
854:
732:Chemical Industry
662:Mikhail Gorbachev
638:Nikita Khrushchev
583:Mikhail Gorbachev
559:Nikita Khrushchev
530:Central Committee
359:General Secretary
330:Felix Dzerzhinsky
321:. Additionally,
315:Mikhail Gorbachev
299:Nikita Khrushchev
275:Central Committee
255:
254:
250:Central Committee
209:Central Committee
197:Central Committee
180:Mikhail Gorbachev
163:General Secretary
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3553:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3250:
3249:
3158:
3013:Collectivization
2758:MarxismβLeninism
2643:
2642:
2532:
2531:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2269:Anti-Party Group
2239:Right Opposition
2159:
2158:
2119:
2118:
2007:Republican-level
2004:
2003:
1675:
1674:
1553:
1552:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1079:11th (Dec. 1921)
864:
863:
782:Machine Industry
747:Defence Industry
668:Vladimir Ivashko
616:(Mar.βDec. 1919)
535:
534:
515:
508:
501:
492:
491:
463:
451:
445:
444:
442:
440:
417:
411:
410:
408:
406:
392:
232:
205:
185:
176:
152:
145:
143:
142:
133:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3498:
3496:
3483:
3431:
3405:
3325:
3239:
3184:
3156:
3130:Internet domain
3125:Five-year plans
3087:
3054:
2994:
2897:
2859:
2791:Communist Party
2779:
2738:Passport system
2628:
2604:European Russia
2582:
2521:
2462:Khrushchev Thaw
2441:(World War II)
2419:Creation treaty
2373:
2367:
2337:
2332:
2286:
2251:Left-Right Bloc
2227:Left Opposition
2204:Ban on factions
2188:
2153:
2113:
1987:
1929:
1836:
1687:1st (1898β1903)
1670:
1660:
1622:
1594:
1547:
1544:Elected by the
1535:
1472:
1399:
1276:
1140:
1123:
1074:10th (May 1921)
1044:4th (Nov. 1907)
1039:3rd (Aug. 1907)
1015:
851:
826:
708:
677:
644:Leonid Brezhnev
588:
565:Leonid Brezhnev
524:
519:
472:
470:Further reading
467:
466:
452:
448:
438:
436:
434:
418:
414:
404:
402:
393:
389:
384:
367:
323:Georgy Malenkov
303:Leonid Brezhnev
283:
203:
188:
183:
174:
138:
137:
135:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
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3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3452:
3451:
3450:
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3437:
3433:
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3430:
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3428:
3427:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3173:Rail transport
3170:
3168:Railway system
3160:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2888:Deputy Premier
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2871:Heads of state
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2839:
2836:Supreme Soviet
2833:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2753:State ideology
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2619:Ural Mountains
2616:
2611:
2609:North Caucasus
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
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2459:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2233:Workers' Group
2230:
2224:
2221:Workers' Truth
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Transcaucasian
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Karelo-Finnish
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1983:28th (1990β91)
1980:
1978:16th (1930β34)
1975:
1973:15th (1927β30)
1970:
1968:14th (1925β27)
1965:
1963:13th (1924β25)
1960:
1958:12th (1923β24)
1955:
1953:11th (1922β23)
1950:
1948:10th (1921β22)
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1925:27th (1986β90)
1922:
1920:26th (1981β86)
1917:
1915:25th (1976β81)
1912:
1910:24th (1971β76)
1907:
1905:23rd (1966β71)
1902:
1900:22nd (1961β66)
1897:
1895:20th (1956β61)
1892:
1890:19th (1952β56)
1887:
1885:18th (1939β52)
1882:
1880:17th (1934β39)
1877:
1875:16th (1930β34)
1872:
1870:15th (1927β30)
1867:
1865:14th (1925β27)
1862:
1860:13th (1924β25)
1857:
1855:10th (1921β24)
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1832:28th (1990β91)
1829:
1827:27th (1986β90)
1824:
1822:26th (1981β86)
1819:
1817:25th (1976β81)
1814:
1812:24th (1971β76)
1809:
1807:23rd (1966β71)
1804:
1802:22nd (1961β66)
1799:
1797:20th (1956β61)
1794:
1792:19th (1952β56)
1789:
1787:18th (1939β52)
1784:
1782:17th (1934β39)
1779:
1777:16th (1930β34)
1774:
1772:15th (1927β30)
1769:
1767:14th (1925β27)
1764:
1762:13th (1924β25)
1759:
1757:12th (1923β24)
1754:
1752:11th (1922β23)
1749:
1747:10th (1921β22)
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1656:16th (1930β34)
1653:
1651:15th (1927β30)
1648:
1646:14th (1925β27)
1643:
1641:13th (1924β25)
1638:
1636:12th (1923β24)
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1618:14th (1925β27)
1615:
1613:13th (1924β25)
1610:
1608:12th (1923β24)
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1590:28th (1990β91)
1587:
1585:16th (1930β34)
1582:
1580:15th (1927β30)
1577:
1575:14th (1925β27)
1572:
1570:13th (1924β25)
1567:
1565:12th (1923β24)
1561:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1531:27th (1986β90)
1528:
1526:26th (1981β86)
1523:
1521:25th (1976β81)
1518:
1516:24th (1971β76)
1513:
1511:23rd (1966β71)
1508:
1506:22nd (1961β66)
1503:
1501:20th (1956β61)
1498:
1496:19th (1952β56)
1493:
1491:18th (1939β52)
1488:
1486:17th (1934β39)
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1468:18th (1939β52)
1465:
1463:17th (1934β39)
1460:
1458:16th (1930β34)
1455:
1453:15th (1927β30)
1450:
1448:14th (1925β27)
1445:
1443:13th (1924β25)
1440:
1438:12th (1923β24)
1435:
1433:11th (1922β23)
1430:
1428:10th (1921β22)
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1395:28th (1990β91)
1392:
1390:27th (1986β90)
1387:
1385:26th (1981β86)
1382:
1380:25th (1976β81)
1377:
1375:24th (1971β76)
1372:
1370:23rd (1966β71)
1367:
1365:22nd (1961β66)
1362:
1360:20th (1956β61)
1357:
1355:19th (1952β56)
1352:
1350:18th (1939β52)
1347:
1345:17th (1934β39)
1342:
1340:16th (1930β34)
1337:
1335:15th (1927β30)
1332:
1330:14th (1925β27)
1327:
1325:13th (1924β25)
1322:
1320:12th (1923β24)
1317:
1315:11th (1922β23)
1312:
1310:10th (1921β22)
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1272:28th (1990β91)
1269:
1267:27th (1986β90)
1264:
1262:26th (1981β86)
1259:
1257:25th (1976β81)
1254:
1252:24th (1971β76)
1249:
1247:23rd (1966β71)
1244:
1242:22nd (1961β66)
1239:
1237:20th (1956β61)
1234:
1232:19th (1952β56)
1229:
1227:18th (1939β52)
1224:
1222:17th (1934β39)
1219:
1217:16th (1930β34)
1214:
1212:15th (1927β30)
1209:
1207:14th (1925β27)
1204:
1202:13th (1924β25)
1199:
1197:12th (1923β24)
1194:
1192:11th (1922β23)
1189:
1187:10th (1921β22)
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Oct.βDec. 1917
1159:
1157:Aug.βOct. 1917
1153:
1151:
1142:
1139:Elected by the
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
861:
857:
856:
853:
852:
850:
849:
842:
834:
832:
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:Heavy Industry
759:
754:
752:Foreign Cadres
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
685:
683:
679:
678:
676:
675:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
611:
608:Yakov Sverdlov
605:
598:
596:
590:
589:
587:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
547:Vladimir Lenin
543:
541:
532:
526:
525:
518:
517:
510:
503:
495:
489:
488:
483:
478:
471:
468:
465:
464:
462:, pp. 121β124.
446:
432:
412:
386:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
373:
366:
363:
338:Yakov Sverdlov
334:Matvei Muranov
282:
279:
253:
252:
238:Staraya Square
234:
233:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
177:
167:
165:
159:
158:
154:
153:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3558:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Printed media
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3309:Cyrillisation
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Working class
3275:
3273:
3272:Soviet people
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Energy policy
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:Supreme Court
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:The Holocaust
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:9th (1920β21)
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:8th (1919β21)
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:9th (1920β21)
1740:
1738:
1737:8th (1919β20)
1735:
1733:
1732:7th (1918β19)
1730:
1728:
1727:6th (1917β18)
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:5th (1907β12)
1710:
1708:
1707:4th (1906β07)
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:2nd (1903β05)
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:9th (1920β21)
1421:
1419:
1418:8th (1919β20)
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:9th (1920β21)
1303:
1301:
1300:8th (1919β20)
1298:
1296:
1295:7th (1918β19)
1293:
1291:
1290:6th (1917β18)
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:9th (1920β21)
1180:
1178:
1177:8th (1919β20)
1175:
1173:
1172:7th (1918β19)
1170:
1168:
1167:6th (1917β18)
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669:
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657:
654:
651:
650:Yuri Andropov
648:
645:
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639:
636:
633:
632:Joseph Stalin
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:Elena Stasova
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:Elena Stasova
600:
599:
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595:
591:
584:
581:
578:
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571:Yuri Andropov
569:
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563:
560:
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553:Joseph Stalin
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223:Meeting place
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73: β
72:
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3495:
3267:Demographics
3257:Antisemitism
3110:Central Bank
3028:Forced labor
2976:Spetsnaz GRU
2815:
2796:organisation
2704:Human rights
2653:Constitution
2536:Subdivisions
2414:Russian SFSR
2370:Soviet Union
2162:Other organs
2079:Russian SFSR
2024:Byelorussian
1281:
844:
837:
831:Publications
737:Construction
693:
674:, Aug. 1991)
671:
457:
454:Alan Bullock
449:
437:. Retrieved
422:
415:
403:. Retrieved
397:
390:
355:
342:Adolph Joffe
327:
284:
269:, while the
262:
258:
256:
246:Russian SFSR
182:(1985-1990)
139:
118:
112:January 2008
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3371:Phraseology
3316:Prohibition
3304:Linguistics
3289:Drug policy
3282:1989 census
3203:Cybernetics
3105:Agriculture
3018:Great Purge
2980:Soviet Navy
2972:Soviet Army
2844:(1989β1991)
2838:(1938β1991)
2832:(1922β1936)
2816:Secretariat
2687:Gun control
2594:Caspian Sea
2578:Closed city
2507:Dissolution
2492:Perestroika
2434:Great Purge
2122:Local-level
2019:Azerbaijani
1600:Secretariat
1282:Secretariat
1119:19th (1988)
1114:18th (1941)
1109:17th (1932)
1104:16th (1929)
1099:15th (1926)
1094:14th (1925)
1089:13th (1924)
1084:12th (1922)
1011:28th (1990)
1006:27th (1986)
1001:26th (1981)
996:25th (1976)
991:24th (1971)
986:23rd (1966)
981:22nd (1961)
976:21st (1959)
971:20th (1956)
966:19th (1952)
961:18th (1939)
956:17th (1934)
951:16th (1930)
946:15th (1927)
941:14th (1925)
936:13th (1924)
931:12th (1923)
926:11th (1922)
921:10th (1921)
767:Information
727:Agriculture
714:Departments
694:Secretariat
173:(1922-1953)
157:Information
3530:Categories
3411:Opposition
3401:Television
3381:Propaganda
3354:Literature
3228:Naukograds
3223:Sharashkas
3157:(currency)
3135:Inventions
3078:Censorship
3008:Red Terror
2692:Government
2566:Autonomous
2549:Autonomous
2482:Stagnation
2445:Evacuation
2094:Turkestani
2069:Lithuanian
1669:Elected by
1069:9th (1920)
1064:8th (1919)
1059:7th (1917)
1054:6th (1912)
1049:5th (1908)
1034:2nd (1906)
1029:1st (1905)
1021:Conference
916:9th (1920)
911:8th (1919)
906:7th (1918)
901:6th (1917)
896:5th (1907)
891:4th (1906)
886:3rd (1905)
881:2nd (1903)
876:1st (1898)
802:Propaganda
439:4 December
433:1403904014
382:References
193:Elected by
82:newspapers
3472:Republics
3460:Republics
3448:Republics
3299:Languages
3163:Transport
3045:Holodomor
2938:Militsiya
2876:President
2768:Stalinism
2670:Elections
2544:Republics
2527:Geography
2517:Nostalgia
2429:Stalinism
2277:(1990β91)
2265:(1932β33)
2247:(1926β27)
2241:(1924β33)
2235:(1923β30)
2229:(1923β27)
2223:(1921β23)
2217:(1920β21)
2211:(1919β21)
2197:Groupings
2104:Ukrainian
2074:Moldavian
1628:Collegium
1557:Presidium
1149:Politburo
664:(1985β91)
658:(1984β85)
652:(1982β84)
646:(1964β82)
640:(1953β64)
634:(1922β52)
628:(1921β22)
622:(1919β21)
610:(1918β19)
604:(1917β18)
585:(1985β91)
579:(1984β85)
573:(1982β84)
567:(1964β82)
561:(1953β64)
555:(1924β53)
549:(1912β24)
271:Politburo
3515:Category
3068:Religion
2955:Chairmen
2801:Congress
2763:Leninism
2743:Propiska
2638:Politics
2497:Glasnost
2457:Cold War
2397:February
2291:See also
2134:Okrugkom
2054:Khorezmi
2039:Georgian
2034:Estonian
2029:Bukharan
2014:Armenian
1671:Congress
868:Congress
365:See also
281:Overview
3436:Symbols
3349:Fashion
3331:Culture
3245:Society
3190:Science
3155:Rouble
3097:Economy
3073:Science
2883:Premier
2864:Offices
2726:Leaders
2646:General
2614:Siberia
2587:Regions
2561:Oblasts
2402:October
2379:History
2169:Statute
2149:Partkom
2099:Turkmen
2064:Latvian
2059:Kirghiz
1546:Central
1405:Orgburo
757:General
742:Culture
699:Orgburo
539:Leaders
405:1 March
248:of the
175:(first)
96:scholar
3455:Emblem
3443:Anthem
3391:Sports
3344:Cinema
3339:Ballet
3321:Racism
3294:Family
2784:Bodies
2372:topics
2283:(1991)
2271:(1957)
2259:(1932)
2253:(1930)
2144:Raikom
2139:Gorkom
2049:Kazakh
839:Pravda
672:acting
430:
295:Stalin
242:Moscow
218:Varied
184:(last)
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3386:Radio
3364:Opera
3359:Music
3262:Crime
3033:Gulag
2911:Cheka
2556:Krais
2275:Soyuz
2129:Obkom
2109:Uzbek
2084:Tajik
822:Women
215:Seats
103:JSTOR
89:books
3467:Flag
3425:List
3233:List
3145:OGAS
3038:List
2921:NKVD
2709:LGBT
2697:List
2663:1977
2658:1936
441:2023
428:ISBN
407:2018
344:and
336:and
313:and
263:CPSU
257:The
75:news
2950:KGB
2945:MGB
2933:MVD
2916:GPU
2716:Law
58:by
3532::
2982:β’
2978:β’
456:,
332:,
309:,
305:,
301:,
277:.
244:,
240:,
2986:/
2974:/
2362:e
2355:t
2348:v
670:(
514:e
507:t
500:v
443:.
409:.
261:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:Β·
93:Β·
86:Β·
79:Β·
52:.
20:)
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