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331:. The Portuguese commander Christovao Pereira Homem had set sail to the port of Massawa, where they were greeted by the Turks who caused a delay which allowed Sefer Reis to make preparations for an ambush against them. Sefer Reis disguised his ship to look like a rich spice ship from Aceh fooling the Portuguese who intended on seizing it, however, they were ambushed by the Ottoman galleys who killed and captured everyone aboard two Portuguese ships while the other two fled to India.
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fall, Sefer set out with the intention of pillaging the entire
Swahili coast and proceeding all the way to Mozambique, where he had great hopes of catching, such an assault promised to result in an unparalleled amount of captives and cargo being captured. Perhaps more importantly, it could have had significant geopolitical repercussions because it cut off the only maritime route that connected Lisbon to its eastern territories.
366:. In fall 1561, hearing news of Sefer attempting to establish a blockade between Hormuz and India, a Portuguese armada consisting of twenty-three oared vessels, two galleons, and 650 men under Dom Francisco Mascarenhas, sailing from Goa, the armada nearly met Sefer's small squadron, but Sefer's successfully avoided them and the Portuguese returned empty-handed, later Sefer captured a Portuguese merchant vessel.
2326:
191:
to give chase but realised that the
Ottoman galleys were too fast. Luiz Figueira stopped his pursuit of Sefer Reis and set course for India to report his observations to his superiors. Once Figueira had made his report the Portuguese viceroy Afonso de Noronha rearmed his fleet and ordered Figueira to sail directly to the Red Sea, make a punitive counterattack and destroy the galleys of Sefer Reis.
199:
surrounded. His escort of sailing ships made an attempt to move in to help him but realised that it was too late, as a result they were unable to do anything but fire an ineffective barrage of artillery from a distance. The fusta of
Figueira was overrun, Figueira was killed and all of his men were taken captive forcing the remaining Portuguese ships to flee in disgrace.
247:
decided to return to his base. On his way, he sighted the same
Portuguese ships, and releasing what had happened, Sefer engaged them and succeeded in capturing them back. Sefer then gave a chase to Lobato's ship until it surrendered without a fight Now with nine ships under his command, he returned to his base within a few weeks.
190:
and other Indian coastal ports. Luiz
Figueira had the aim of launching a counter-attack against Sefer Reis. Sefer Reis turned back and headed in the direction from which he had come, moving fast and avoiding an open sea confrontation with the more heavily armed Portuguese forces. Figueira attempted
153:
There is almost nothing known about Sefer Reis' origin and family background. The strategy of Sefer Reis was different from that of his predecessors in that he never tried to storm a fortress, transport troops or land siege equipment. From hard years of experience, he knew that the strength as well
304:
in
February 1558, where the Portuguese learned that Sefer Reis was still in Mocha but preparing to leave again for another campaign, therefore Sylveira attacked Mocha. Sylveira found that Sefer's forces had been warned of his approach and he was met with a heavy bombardment of artillery from both
374:
In
November 1565, Sefer set sail with a fleet of ten galleys, by far the largest he had ever commanded, in what was intended to be the greatest and most daring campaign the corsair had ever undertaken. He sailed only as far as Mocha, where he sailed through the summer sailing season and into the
246:
and wait for him there. However, an armed
Portuguese vessel under Balthazar Lobato sighted the Ottoman fleet, and when the Portuguese crew saw it, they revolted and overwhelmed the Ottoman forces They set to sail for India again, however at this time, Sefer gave up in hunting for more ships and
198:
in
January 1551. Sefer Reis had expected his arrival and was waiting in a carefully chosen location. The Portuguese squadron soon caught sight of the four galliots of Sefer Reis and Figueira recklessly engaged all four enemy vessels with his own oared fusta, however he quickly found himself
177:
Upon hearing rumours of preparations at Suez in 1550 the
Portuguese dispatched an expedition to the Red Sea under Luiz Figueira. A large Portuguese squadron commanded by Luiz Figueira spotted four large Ottoman galliots and with them Sefer Reis who had the intention of sacking
378:
Sefer had left late the year before and was a day and a half away from Mocha on his way to the island of Socotra when, suddenly, he became very ill. He had to change his destination to Aden due to his health, and there he passed away three days after arriving.
154:
as the weakness of the Portuguese lay in the sea, and he concentrated his operations on Portuguese ships so that his victories were not measured in hectares of conquered territory, but in captured vessels and increased custom revenues in
292:
in 1555 to the Portuguese viceroy, recommending a direct strike against his base in Mocha reporting that it had no walls or fortress, it was defended by only 400 Arab tribesmen and that Sefer Reis had no more than 400 men in his fleet.
296:
By 1557 the Portuguese decided to adopt the strategy of forcing an engagement with Sefer Reis in the open seas. The Portuguese armed a force of twenty oared vessels and prepared for a direct attack against his base in Mocha.
238:. They arrived at the Peninsula of Diu where they established a blockade and hunted for any Portuguese ships nearby. The Ottomans succeeded in capturing and looting four heavy merchant vessels. It is said that 160,000
584:
Partition of Africa: Portuguese possessions: The Portuguese colonial empire. Azores and Madeira. Cape Verde Islands. Portuguese Guinea. San Thomé, Principe, and Ajuda. Angola, with Cabinda. Mozambique
266:
with a large fleet with the hopes of intercepting Sefer Reis. Vasconcelos reached the Yemeni coast in the beginning of 1555 but found no sight of Sefer Reis, he continued to cruise between
281:, however they did not approach it. In addition, Sefer Reis conducted a raid off the coast of India in 1556 during which he seized two Portuguese merchant vessels near the port of
277:
Another Portuguese squadron was dispatched against Sefer Reis the following winter, this time led by Joao Peixoto. The Portuguese found the fleet of Sefer Reis at his base in
223:. Sefer was tasked to follow up with Seydi Ali and escort him safely back into the red sea, however, it was too late as the Ottoman fleet was ferociously routed in the
2388:
750:
308:
Sylveira lingered off the coast for several more weeks in hopes of capturing some merchant ships, but this also failed to produce any results so he returned to
2378:
772:
174:
The aim was to launch a counter-attack against the Ottoman corsair Sefer Reis however the Portuguese were defeated and the commander Luiz Figueira was killed.
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The Portuguese began a hunt for Sefer Reis, in the fall of 1554 Portuguese commander Manuel de Vasconcelos was dispatched from
242:
were taken. Sefer had the Portuguese crew arrested and placed a contingent in each captured ship. He ordered them to return to
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The Portuguese fleet was dispatched in the fall of 1557 under the command of Alvaro da Sylveira. This fleet arrived in the
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525:
Casale, Giancarlo (2008). "Ottoman Guerre de Course and the Indian Ocean Spice Trade: The Career of Sefer Reis".
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The Portuguese suffered a defeat by Sefer Reis in 1558 when they attempted a direct attack against his base in
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immediately and wait for orders, however, Sefer, in a daring mission, he chose to follow up the Portuguese.
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312:. The Portuguese struggles against Sefer Reis continued as they suffered another defeat by him in 1560.
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land and sea, that damaged several ships and killed a dozen sailors, forcing the Portuguese to retreat.
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Figueira and the Portuguese forces, composed of four sailing ships and one oared fusta arrived at
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Power Over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present
8:
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The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 2, The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603
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Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships
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in August 1554. As the news reached, some of Sefer's crews argued to retreat back to
105:
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Osmanlının güney seferleri: XVI. yüzyılda Hint okyanusu'nda Türk-Portekiz mücadelesi
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1961:
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Ankara University review of Centre for Research Studies in Ottoman History
255:
The attack on Mocha in 1558 was a direct attack by the Portuguese against
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1956:
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In 1560 a Portuguese squadron was ambushed and defeated off the coast of
42:
211:
was nominated as an admiral (reis) of Ottoman naval forces stationed in
3312:
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1801:
1706:
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1008:
138:
2309:
1916:
1251:
1231:
362:. Instead, Sefer Reis was promoted to the supreme command of the
335:
Commander of the Ottoman Indian Ocean Fleet and further campaigns
321:
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130:
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by four galleys of Sefer Reis who seized two Portuguese ships.
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to better fight the Portuguese, but he had to go through
187:
737:
735:
640:
638:
581:
Foreign Office of the UK, Historical Division (1973).
215:. He was ordered to link up his galleys with those in
732:
720:
635:
400:
369:
689:(in Turkish). Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi. 2009.
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436:
288:Joao de Lisboa wrote a letter from captivity in
234:The Ottoman fleet consisted of only four light
556:. In Faroqhi, Suraiya N.; Fleet, Kate (eds.).
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
396:
394:
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274:but yielded no results and returned to India.
1053:
766:
551:
3098:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
560:. Cambridge University Press. p. 315.
419:
389:
1060:
1046:
773:
759:
405:. Princeton University Press. p. 77.
364:Ottoman Empire's entire Indian Ocean fleet
169:
2729:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
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3356:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
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443:. Oxford University Press. p. 110.
3484:16th-century Ottoman military personnel
656:
251:The Hunt for Sefer and Defence of Mocha
3461:
741:
726:
650:
644:
621:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 153.
601:
524:
182:and raiding the ships that leave from
2515:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
1041:
754:
699:
457:
16:Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral
3257:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
660:Yemen'den Basra'ya sınırdaki Osmanlı
315:
614:
13:
2324:
554:"Ottoman Expansion in the Red Sea"
14:
3505:
3147:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
3443:
3442:
3430:
3283:A General History of the Pyrates
3105:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
2626:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
1021:
782:
706:(in Turkish). Berikan Yayınevi.
202:
72:
52:
3489:Pirates from the Ottoman Empire
3474:Sailors from the Ottoman Empire
693:
370:Sefer's last campaign and Death
2641:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
2636:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
2389:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
677:
663:(in Turkish). Kitap Yayınevi.
440:The Ottoman Age of Exploration
1:
2497:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
893:Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
382:
350:to the rank of admiral after
346:blocked the reappointment of
3070:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
2320:Pirate battles and incidents
863:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
788:Seamen of the Ottoman Empire
358:, which was being pushed by
7:
2469:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
1952:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
401:Daniel R. Headrick (2010).
137:who was active against the
10:
3510:
3346:Pirate films and TV series
2786:African Slave Trade Patrol
2354:Action of 11 November 2008
1143:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
1067:
913:Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha
259:, the base of Sefer Reis.
225:Battle of the Gulf of Oman
3424:
3374:
3333:
3326:
3274:
3239:
3156:
3054:
2856:
2843:
2835:Trans-Saharan slave trade
2771:
2702:
2434:Battle off Minicoy Island
2409:Battle of Cape Fear River
2379:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
2349:Action of 28 October 2007
2344:Action of 9 November 1822
2319:
2217:
2125:
1489:
1482:
1408:
1372:
1329:
1282:
1275:
1120:
1075:
1017:
979:Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis
931:
898:Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
793:
539:10.1017/S0165115300001704
437:Giancarlo Casale (2010).
84:
65:
48:
36:
28:
21:
2830:Indian Ocean slave trade
2719:International piracy law
2656:Pirate attacks in Borneo
2528:Capture of the schooner
2520:Capture of the schooner
2454:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
2180:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
918:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
700:Önalp, Ertuğrul (2010).
3289:Captain Charles Johnson
2713:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
2424:Battle of Mandab Strait
2404:Battle of Boca Teacapan
2399:Balanguingui Expedition
2364:Action of 23 March 2010
888:Canım Hoca Mehmed Pasha
657:Özbaran, Salih (2004).
170:Battle of Bab el-Mandeb
148:
91:Battle of Bab al-Mandab
2646:Operation Ocean Shield
2474:Battle of Tonkin River
2419:Battle of Doro Passage
2374:Action of 5 April 2010
2369:Action of 1 April 2010
2359:Action of 9 April 2009
2339:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
2329:
2165:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
2150:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
1297:British Virgin Islands
932:Other important seamen
868:Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha
823:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
552:Salih Özbaran (2012).
3262:Pirates versus Ninjas
2689:Slave raid of Suðuroy
2651:Persian Gulf Campaign
2536:Capture of the sloop
2464:Battle of the Leotung
2449:Battle of New Orleans
2328:
2190:Richard Avery Hornsby
1942:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
1902:Moses Cohen Henriques
1872:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
1617:Christina Anna Skytte
1155:Brethren of the Coast
1138:Baltic Slavic pirates
1085:Ancient Mediterranean
853:Müezzinzade Ali Pasha
615:Roy, Kaushik (2014).
352:his long journey back
339:In 1560, the Ottoman
145:in the 16th century.
3494:16th-century pirates
3479:16th-century sailors
3184:skull and crossbones
3140:Mistress of the Seas
2822:Capture of the brig
2799:Atlantic slave trade
2560:Falklands Expedition
2414:Battle of Cape Lopez
2334:1582 Cagayan battles
2261:Queen Anne's Revenge
1812:José Joaquim Almeida
1797:John Newland Maffitt
1717:Hayreddin Barbarossa
1557:Bartolomeu Português
1547:Artemisia I of Caria
1542:Alexandre Exquemelin
1380:Baltic Slavic piracy
1133:Anglo-Turkish piracy
903:Baltacı Mehmet Pasha
838:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
833:Hayreddin Barbarossa
344:Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha
126:; died 1565) was an
3201:No purchase, no pay
3169:Davy Jones's locker
3112:The Angel's Command
2956:Guybrush Threepwood
2804:Barbary slave trade
2781:African slave trade
2578:Jiajing wokou raids
2479:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
1702:François l'Olonnais
1562:Bartholomew Roberts
1450:Republic of Pirates
1004:Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis
3361:Timeline of piracy
3318:Piracy kidnappings
2971:Jacquotte Delahaye
2926:Charlotte de Berry
2916:Captain Sabertooth
2809:Blockade of Africa
2764:Piracy Law of 1820
2694:Turkish Abductions
2631:Operation Atalanta
2565:Great Lakes Patrol
2444:Battle of Nam Quan
2394:Attack on Veracruz
2330:
1912:Nicholas van Hoorn
1897:Michel de Grammont
1762:Jacquotte Delahaye
1747:Hippolyte Bouchard
1667:Elise Eskilsdotter
1607:Charlotte de Berry
1572:Benjamin Hornigold
873:Gazi Hüseyin Pasha
3456:
3455:
3437:Piracy portal
3420:
3419:
3397:Fictional pirates
3296:Truce of Ratisbon
3270:
3269:
3231:Walking the plank
3091:On Stranger Tides
3031:Tony Tony Chopper
2921:Captain Stingaree
2858:Fictional pirates
2674:Sack of Baltimore
2669:Raid on Cartagena
2611:Moscow University
2490:Beluga Nomination
2459:Battle of Pianosa
2384:Antelope incident
2275:Marquis of Havana
2213:
2212:
1922:Olivier Levasseur
1862:Louis-Michel Aury
1827:Klaus Störtebeker
1777:Jeanne de Clisson
1697:François Le Clerc
1532:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
1478:
1477:
1395:South China Coast
1359:Strait of Malacca
1035:
1034:
923:Ahmed Fevzi Pasha
813:Gedik Ahmed Pasha
713:978-975-267-313-7
670:978-975-8704-53-8
628:978-1-78093-800-4
567:978-1-316-17554-5
450:978-0-19-979879-7
412:978-0-691-13933-3
341:governor of Egypt
316:Battle of Kamaran
113:
112:
106:Battle of Kamaran
3501:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3331:
3330:
3133:Pirate Latitudes
3126:Long John Silver
3119:Voyage of Slaves
2986:Long John Silver
2881:Captain Birdseye
2854:
2853:
2724:Letter of marque
2684:Salvador Pirates
2679:Sack of Campeche
2502:Chepo Expedition
2484:Battle of Tysami
2439:Battle off Mukah
2429:Battle of Manila
2268:Quedagh Merchant
2226:Adventure Galley
2072:Victual Brothers
2057:Thomas Cavendish
2022:Sayyida al Hurra
2007:Samuel Hall Lord
1987:Roche Braziliano
1972:Robert Culliford
1907:Nathaniel Gordon
1877:Martin Frobisher
1837:Laurens de Graaf
1807:Jørgen Jørgensen
1742:Henry Strangways
1722:Hendrick Lucifer
1672:Eustace the Monk
1537:António de Faria
1487:
1486:
1455:Republic of Salé
1425:Île Sainte-Marie
1280:
1279:
1257:Victual Brothers
1165:Cilician pirates
1062:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1025:
908:Koca Bekir Pasha
787:
786:
775:
768:
761:
752:
751:
745:
739:
730:
724:
718:
717:
697:
691:
690:
681:
675:
674:
654:
648:
642:
633:
632:
612:
599:
598:
578:
572:
571:
549:
543:
542:
522:
455:
454:
434:
417:
416:
398:
77:
76:
75:
67:
56:
19:
18:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3431:
3429:
3416:
3382:Barbary pirates
3370:
3366:Women in piracy
3322:
3266:
3235:
3164:Buried treasure
3152:
3084:Facing the Flag
3077:Treasure Island
3050:
2996:Vaas Montenegro
2991:Monkey D. Luffy
2961:Hector Barbossa
2946:Elizabeth Swann
2911:Captain Pugwash
2848:
2846:
2839:
2816:Veloz Passagera
2814:Capture of the
2767:
2698:
2507:Capture of the
2315:
2247:Flying Dutchman
2209:
2175:Miguel Enríquez
2127:
2121:
2087:William Dampier
2042:Simon Mascarino
2037:Shirahama Kenki
2017:Samuel Pallache
1982:Roberto Cofresí
1892:Mary Wolverston
1867:Mansel Alcantra
1842:Lawrence Prince
1522:Albert W. Hicks
1474:
1412:
1404:
1368:
1325:
1271:
1267:Women in piracy
1232:Sindhi corsairs
1185:French corsairs
1175:Cossack pirates
1128:Albanian piracy
1121:Types of pirate
1116:
1071:
1066:
1036:
1031:
1020:
1013:
927:
883:Koca Musa Pasha
878:Kara Musa Pasha
858:Kılıç Ali Pasha
789:
781:
779:
749:
748:
740:
733:
725:
721:
714:
698:
694:
683:
682:
678:
671:
655:
651:
643:
636:
629:
613:
602:
595:
579:
575:
568:
550:
546:
523:
458:
451:
435:
420:
413:
399:
390:
385:
372:
337:
318:
253:
205:
172:
151:
120:Ottoman Turkish
101:Attack on Mocha
73:
71:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3407:Piracy by year
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Female pirates
3389:
3387:By nationality
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Joshamee Gibbs
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2584:Maersk Alabama
2580:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:Robert Maynard
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2077:Vincenzo Gambi
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:Samuel Bellamy
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Robert Surcouf
1974:
1969:
1967:Richard Glover
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Pierre Lafitte
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:Grace O'Malley
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1652:Edward England
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:Cheung Po Tsai
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1567:Benito de Soto
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Abraham Samuel
1509:
1507:Adam Baldridge
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Saint Augustin
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1337:Horn of Africa
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1321:Gulf of Guinea
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:Lake Nicaragua
1299:
1288:
1286:
1284:Atlantic World
1277:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Jewish pirates
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
989:Seydi Ali Reis
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:Mustafa Bayram
946:
941:
935:
933:
929:
928:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Süleyman Pasha
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
797:
795:Kapudan Pashas
791:
790:
778:
777:
770:
763:
755:
747:
746:
731:
719:
712:
692:
676:
669:
649:
634:
627:
600:
593:
587:. p. 21.
573:
566:
544:
456:
449:
418:
411:
387:
386:
384:
381:
371:
368:
348:Seydi Ali Reis
336:
333:
317:
314:
252:
249:
207:In late 1553,
204:
201:
171:
168:
150:
147:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
86:
82:
81:
69:
63:
62:
59:Ottoman Empire
50:
46:
45:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3506:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:Miscellaneous
3273:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:Miscellaneous
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Pirate utopia
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Elaine Marley
2939:
2937:
2936:Edward Kenway
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Captain Flint
2894:
2892:
2891:Captain Crook
2889:
2887:
2886:Captain Blood
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:Acts of grace
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2602:Orkim Harmony
2598:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2545:Carré d'As IV
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:Ambrose Light
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2289:Royal Fortune
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:Ambrose Light
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2205:Woodes Rogers
2203:
2201:
2200:Thomas Warren
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Julius Caesar
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Chaloner Ogle
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Zheng Zhilong
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Sadie Farrell
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Princess Sela
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Pedro Gilbert
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Liang Daoming
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Francis Drake
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:Dominique You
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Charles Gibbs
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
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1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
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1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Abduwali Muse
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:Major figures
1481:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Barataria Bay
1418:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:Pirate havens
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Barbary Coast
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
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1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
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1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Timber pirate
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
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1153:
1149:
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1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1028:Turkey Portal
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:Uluç Ali Reis
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
930:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
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906:
904:
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899:
896:
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891:
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884:
881:
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876:
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869:
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861:
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854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
796:
792:
785:
776:
771:
769:
764:
762:
757:
756:
753:
744:, p. 70.
743:
742:Casale (2008)
738:
736:
729:, p. 69.
728:
727:Casale (2008)
723:
715:
709:
705:
704:
696:
688:
687:
680:
672:
666:
662:
661:
653:
647:, p. 65.
646:
645:Casale (2008)
641:
639:
630:
624:
620:
619:
611:
609:
607:
605:
596:
594:9780842017046
590:
586:
585:
577:
569:
563:
559:
555:
548:
540:
536:
532:
528:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
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493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
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471:
469:
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461:
452:
446:
442:
441:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
414:
408:
404:
397:
395:
393:
388:
380:
376:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:
332:
330:
325:
323:
313:
311:
306:
303:
298:
294:
291:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
248:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
203:Action at Diu
200:
197:
196:Bab al-Mandab
192:
189:
185:
181:
175:
167:
165:
161:
157:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
96:Action at Diu
94:
92:
89:
88:
87:
83:
80:
70:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
44:
39:
35:
31:
27:
20:
3428:
3301:Pirate Round
3281:
3252:Space pirate
3226:Treasure map
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3016:Roronoa Zoro
2966:Jack Sparrow
2906:Captain Nemo
2901:Captain Hook
2823:
2815:
2791:
2661:
2618:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2570:
2553:Dai Hong Dan
2552:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2508:
2489:
2308:
2303:Whydah Gally
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2254:Ganj-i-Sawai
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2218:Pirate ships
2170:Luis Fajardo
2155:James Brooke
2145:David Porter
2117:Zheng Yi Sao
2092:William Kidd
2047:Stede Bonnet
2032:Shap-ng-tsai
2012:Samuel Mason
1932:Peter Easton
1882:Mary Lindsey
1832:Lai Choi San
1822:Joseph Barss
1817:Joseph Baker
1787:John Hawkins
1782:Johanna Hård
1772:Jean Lafitte
1767:Jan Janszoon
1757:Israel Hands
1737:Henry Morgan
1727:Henri Caesar
1642:Dirk Chivers
1577:Black Caesar
1502:Abshir Boyah
1373:Other waters
1354:Persian Gulf
1342:Somali Coast
1330:Indian Ocean
1302:Spanish Main
1217:River pirate
1195:Moro pirates
1170:Child pirate
1095:21st century
1019:
998:
848:Piyale Pasha
808:Mahmud Pasha
722:
702:
695:
685:
679:
659:
652:
617:
583:
576:
557:
547:
533:(1): 59–79.
530:
526:
439:
402:
377:
373:
360:Rüstem Pasha
338:
326:
319:
307:
299:
295:
287:
276:
261:
254:
233:
221:Persian Gulf
206:
193:
176:
173:
152:
143:Indian Ocean
123:
115:
114:
85:Battles/wars
79:Ottoman Navy
57:
3469:1565 deaths
3216:Pirate code
3191:Keelhauling
3179:Jolly Roger
3041:Will Turner
2976:José Gaspar
2876:Barbe Rouge
2773:Slave trade
2027:Sister Ping
1957:Rachel Wall
1752:Huang Bamei
1732:Henry Every
1687:Fūma Kotarō
1682:Flying Gang
1597:Calico Jack
1587:Bully Hayes
1390:Falcon Lake
1364:Nosy Boraha
1222:Sea Beggars
1210:Confederate
1180:Filibusters
974:Turgut Reis
944:Selman Reis
843:Sinan Pasha
818:Mesih Pasha
803:Zagan Pasha
43:Aden, Yemen
3463:Categories
3375:Categories
3351:Privateers
3313:Matelotage
3247:Air pirate
3211:Pet parrot
3063:The Pirate
3011:Nico Robin
2931:Davy Jones
2871:Tom Ayrton
2845:Pirates in
2734:Piracy Act
2703:Piracy law
2619:North Star
2282:My Revenge
2135:Angelo Emo
2097:Zheng Jing
2062:Thomas Tew
1857:Lo Hon-cho
1677:Flora Burn
1657:Edward Low
1627:Dan Seavey
1622:Chui A-poo
1582:Blackbeard
1527:Anne Bonny
1465:Saint-Malo
1445:Port Royal
1430:Libertatia
1242:Ushkuyniks
1205:Privateers
1200:Narentines
1160:Buccaneers
1090:Golden Age
999:Sefer Reis
994:Murat Reis
984:Salih Reis
969:Sinan Reis
964:Aydın Reis
954:Hoca Sefer
939:Kemal Reis
527:Itinerario
383:References
139:Portuguese
116:Sefer Reis
49:Allegiance
23:Sefer Reis
3196:Marooning
2824:Brillante
2613:hijacking
2604:hijacking
2595:hijacking
2586:hijacking
1887:Mary Read
1792:John Hoar
1662:Eli Boggs
1632:Diabolito
1413:and bases
1349:Indonesia
1314:Venezuela
1292:Caribbean
959:Piri Reis
209:Seydi Ali
135:privateer
3448:Category
3174:Eyepatch
3046:Zanzibar
3021:Sandokan
3001:Mr. Smee
2866:Askeladd
2794:Incident
2664:incident
2573:incident
2555:incident
2547:incident
2492:incident
2107:Zheng Yi
2102:Zheng Qi
2082:Wang Zhi
1962:Redbeard
1852:Limahong
1802:John Pro
1707:Gan Ning
1592:Cai Qian
1400:Sulu Sea
1227:Sea Dogs
240:cruzados
124:سفر رئيس
66:Service/
3412:Pirates
3341:Pirates
2849:culture
2847:popular
2792:Amistad
2593:Zafirah
2296:Saladin
2128:hunters
1917:Ng Akew
1517:Alfhild
1490:Pirates
1470:Tortuga
1252:Vikings
1148:Algiers
1077:Periods
322:Kamaran
302:Red Sea
236:galiots
141:in the
131:admiral
128:Ottoman
32:Unknown
3402:Piracy
3308:Mutiny
3206:Pegleg
3157:Tropes
3055:Novels
2951:Franky
2621:affair
2185:Pompey
2126:Pirate
2067:Veborg
1552:Awilda
1440:Mamora
1247:Uskoks
1069:Piracy
710:
667:
625:
591:
564:
447:
409:
310:Muscat
268:Hormuz
184:Hormuz
180:Muscat
160:Jiddah
68:branch
3334:Lists
3036:Usopp
3026:Sanji
2662:Quest
2571:Irene
2530:Fancy
2522:Bravo
2240:Fancy
2052:Teuta
1992:Rusla
1435:Lundy
1276:Areas
1262:Wokou
354:from
329:Mocha
290:Cairo
283:Chaul
279:Mocha
272:India
257:Mocha
244:Mocha
229:Mocha
213:Basra
156:Mocha
3327:Meta
3006:Nami
2758:1850
2754:1837
2750:1721
2746:1717
2742:1698
2738:1536
2538:Anne
2310:York
1637:Dido
1110:2024
1105:2023
1100:2022
708:ISBN
665:ISBN
623:ISBN
589:ISBN
562:ISBN
445:ISBN
407:ISBN
356:Aceh
270:and
217:Suez
164:Suez
162:and
149:Life
133:and
40:1565
37:Died
29:Born
2609:MV
2600:MT
2591:MT
535:doi
264:Goa
188:Goa
186:to
3465::
2756:,
2752:,
2748:,
2744:,
2740:,
734:^
637:^
603:^
531:32
529:.
459:^
421:^
391:^
285:.
166:.
158:,
122::
2760:)
2736:(
2715:)
2711:(
1061:e
1054:t
1047:v
774:e
767:t
760:v
716:.
673:.
631:.
597:.
570:.
541:.
537::
453:.
415:.
118:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
