Sexual orientation and military service by country

1201:

with their identity and sexual preferences" can only be drafted during war times. However, this clause contradicted another clause of the same statute which stated that different sexual orientation should not be considered a deviation. This ambiguity was resolved by the Major-General of the Medical Service Valery Kulikov who clearly stated that the new medical statute "does not forbid people of non-standard sexual orientation from serving in the military." However, he added that people of non-standard sexual orientation should not reveal their sexual orientation while serving in the army because "other soldiers are not going to like that; they can be beaten". President Vladimir Putin said in a U.S. television interview in 2010 that openly

883:

their fellow military men because they were viewed as mentally ill, lonely, and insecure. Ben- Ari and Kaplan cited a study about how an Israeli soldier's sexual partner preference influenced the way they were treated. The study conveyed that soldiers bonded in the Israeli military through homophobic remarks and sexualizing women. There was another study that scholars Ben-Ari and Kaplan created that determined how gay Israeli soldiers responded to the macho man stereotype in the military. Gay soldiers either isolated themselves from the rest of the soldiers or attempted to adapt to heterosexual norms. In the end, gay soldiers' military performance was not affected by their response but their integration into the military was affected.

1539: 23: 996:) as serious misconduct warranting disciplinary action. Other references to morality are found throughout military documents, leaving room for interpretation with regards to sexual orientation. Although there is no clear position from current military leadership, several retired generals have agreed that homosexual soldiers were usually removed from service either through an encouraged withdrawal or dishonorable discharge. By 2018, homosexuals were allowed to serve openly in the military. People whose homosexuality is discovered face harassment from other soldiers. 582:

important was not a soldier's sexual orientation, but his or her willingness to serve the country. His announcement came with the full backing of the Chilean armed. Mauricio Ruiz said homosexuals had "no reason to hide". "We can do anything, be marines or in any branch (of the military). We can do whatever profession, and we deserve as much respect as anyone else," he told reporters in the Chilean capital, Santiago. "In life there's nothing better than to be yourself, to be authentic, to look at people in the eye and for those people to know who you are."

315: 1404: 374:. In Belgium, the military accepts gay men and lesbians into service. However, if the behaviour of an individual who is gay or lesbian causes problems, that individual is subject to discipline or discharge. In some cases, homosexual personnel have been transferred from their unit if they have been too open with their sexuality. The Belgian military also continues to reserve the right to deny gay and lesbian personnel high-level security clearances, for fear they may be susceptible to blackmail. 678:

discipline regulation that included the practice of same-sex sexual acts among the reasons for discharge. This article was removed in 2009, which finally allowed LGBT to openly serve in the army. However, there was a case of a soldier discharged in 2014 who denounced that the act was motivated by the fact that he was gay. His officials, on the other hand, insisted that his sexual orientation, which was publicly known since 2010, had nothing to do with his discharge.

5225: 988:' policy on sexual orientation is ambiguous, leaving homosexual and bisexual soldiers in a "legal limbo". Officially, there is no law or policy preventing homosexuals from serving, and applicants are not questioned on the subject. In practice, however, outed homosexual and bisexual soldiers are subject to severe harassment and are often discharged. One directive, issued in 2003, described actions "contrary to morality or good manners on- and off-duty" ( 225: 739:. Scharping vowed to fight the claim in court, claiming that homosexuality "raises serious doubts about suitability and excludes employment in all functions pertaining to leadership." However, before the case went to trial, the Defense Ministry reversed the discriminatory policy. While the German government declined to issue an official explanation for the reversal, it is widely believed that Scharping was overruled by then Chancellor 795:

heterosexual and homosexual persons, the Irish Defence Forces announced that they would be treating heterosexual and homosexual members equally. Relationships between senior and junior ranks would continue to be forbidden, as is common in most militaries. There would also be no harassment of gay officers and no questioning of members about their sexuality. The

1395:"Some things you should not have to camouflage," followed by the text "Equality is an essential ingredient in a democracy," say the Swedish Armed Forces. "In the military, we treat them with respect and see the differences of others as a fortress. We are an inclusive organisation where all the people who serve and contribute feel welcome and respected." 900:

lesbians in military service is banned, but the situation for transgender people is unclear. The organization Polis Aperta estimates that 5 to 10% of Italians in uniformed service (military or police) are LGBT. Despite the ban on discrimination, some service personnel face harassment or violence because of their sexual orientation.

1699:

Article 92 of the Military Penal Code categorizes sexual relations between members of the same sex as "sexual harassment", regardless of whether it is consensual. Consensual sex between homosexuals may be regarded as "reciprocal rape", punishable by up to a year's imprisonment for both parties. These

1200:

in 1999, but even after that military medical expertise statute was in force to continue considering homosexuality a mental disorder which was a reason to deny homosexuals to serve in the military. On 1 July 2003, a new military medical expertise statute was adopted; it said people "who have problems

1039:

In New Zealand it has been legal for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons to serve in the military since New Zealand's Human Rights Act 1993 ended most forms of employment discrimination against lesbians, gay men and bisexuals. New Zealand military leaders did not oppose the end of military

305:

Under the old system, homosexuals were not permitted to have access to a military career, at the same time as this sexual orientation was penalized. And, while there are no publicly known former sanctions against homosexuals under the old policy, this does not mean that men and women with that sexual

882:

Even though the law states that gay soldiers cannot be discriminated against by the Israeli military, does not mean it does not occur between soldiers. Ben-Ari and Kaplan, the scholars who wrote “Sexual Orientation and Military Service”, discovered that gay Israeli soldiers faced discrimination from

837:

A policy in 1983 allowed prospective Israeli soldiers to be questioned about their sexual orientation. Scholars Ben-Ari and Kaplan suggested that the prospective soldiers' responses affected what military unit they would be assigned to. However, the 1993 policy was put into effect to remove the 1983

1467:

All able-bodied male citizens from ages 20–27, must serve either 18 months in the navy or one year in all other services. After serving out the term of service Ukraine's conscripts become part of the inactive reserve and are eligible to be recalled for mobilization until they reach age 55 or age 60

1437:

Col. Liu of the ROC Naval Attache said that ending the ban on gays in the military police was "a good thing for a democratic society like ours. I don't think this is really a big deal," he said. "It just means Taiwanese society is more open and there are different choices now. If you're gay and you

1394:

states that it actively work for an environment where individuals do not feel it to be necessary to hide their sexual orientation or gender identity. In 2015, they launched a Pride campaign featuring a soldier in uniform with the rainbow flag badget to her arm. The text's bold letters translates to

750:

Currently, according to general military orders given in the year 2000, tolerance towards all sexual orientations is considered to be part of the duty of military personnel. Sexual relationships and acts amongst soldiers outside service times, regardless of the sexual orientation, are defined to be

585:

Rolando Jimenez, president of Chile's Movement for Integration and Homosexual Liberation, expressed his gratitude to the Chilean Navy. "(The Navy is) telling the country and the members of the institution particularly that it is possible for gays and lesbians to be part of the armed forces and that

1671:

during the first ten years of service for all enlistees, without regard to their sexual orientation or gender of any sexual partners. Reportedly, male soldiers regularly break this rule by engaging in casual heterosexual and homosexual affairs. These homosexual relationships have been described as

1433:

that it would end a policy banning gays from guarding high level officials and government installations, scholars and military officials said the decision signaled a bold step for an Asian military force. The policy change was announced after a local newspaper revealed the discriminatory practice,

1205:

were not excluded from military service in Russia. In 2013, it was reported that the Defense Ministry had issued a guideline on assessment of new recruits' mental health that recommends recruits be asked about their sexual history and be examined for certain types of tattoos, especially genital or

1093:

According to Section 269 of the Military Penal Code of 1988, military and police personnel who engaged in same-sex sexual activity, could be punished with between 60 days to 20 years imprisonment or discharge from the forces. Although being homosexual was not expliticly forbidden, recruiters would

723:

ruled that it is forbidden to discriminate based on sexual orientation. The "Working Committee of Homosexual Employees in the Military Forces" is the organization that represents the interests of gay men and lesbians in the armed forces. Heterosexuals and homosexuals alike are allowed to engage in

581:

Few days later, a sailor in Chile became the first serving member of the Chilean armed forces to announce he is gay. Mauricio Ruiz, 24, told a televised news conference his decision had "not been easy", but he wanted to help fight discrimination against homosexuals. Mr Ruiz said that what was most

506:

The study is the most comprehensive academic study by US researchers of homosexuality in a foreign military ever compiled and reflects an exhaustive inventory of relevant data and research. Its title is "Effects of the 1992 Lifting of Restrictions on Gay and Lesbian Service in the Canadian Forces;

1162:

accepted the resignation of Jerónimo, who took up the post of chief of staff in 2014. The resignation came after António Grilo, deputy head of the military college, admitted advising parents of young military students in the Portuguese army to withdraw their sons if they were gay "to protect them

899:

Until 1986, "sexual deviance" was a reason for exclusion for military service. At that time, some men claimed to be homosexual to avoid the draft. Lesbians have never been banned from the Italian military since women were first allowed to serve in 2000. Since 2010, discrimination against gays and

759:

While the Presidential Decree 133 (of 2002) allowed people to avoid the draft for deep psycho-sexual problems, it did not ban homosexuals from the army. The newer 2005 law 3421 has removed even the wording that could be misconstrued as offensive to homosexuals. In recent years, the Greek army has

642:

In 2004, the Army of the Czech Republic refused to enter the service of a trans woman, Jaroslava Brokešová, who had previously undergone an official transition, according to assessing doctors. A military spokesperson said that the reason was not her transgender identity. Another trans recruit was

1021:

was the first country to ban discrimination against gays in the military. The Dutch government considered homosexuality grounds for dismissal until 1974, when the Association of Dutch Homosexuals convinced the Minister of Defense that gays posed no threat to national security. The Dutch military

525:

Before Canada lifted its gay ban, a 1985 survey of 6,500 male soldiers found that 62% said that they would refuse to share showers, undress or sleep in the same room as a gay soldier. After the ban was lifted, follow-up studies found no increase in disciplinary, performance, recruitment, sexual

1220:

said: "Amendments will soon be introduced in the State Duma to officially ban gender reassignment without surgery," In part it is to protect "family values" in Russia. However Russian men have considered changing their genders to avoid being called by the military authorities. According to one

677:

in 1997, LGBT people couldn't openly serve in the military, as article 87 of the Ley de Personal de Fuerzas Armadas stipulated that any conscript that violated a law had to be separated from the military. One year after the decriminalization of homosexuality, Ecuador's army released a military

606:

has no internal rules regarding LGBT persons, but it follows regulation at the state level which explicitly prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Some media reports have suggested that most gay men serving in the military generally decide to keep their sexual orientation

1476:

for two years, became the first Ukrainian soldier to come out publicly. In 2019, several gay soldiers in the Ukrainian army participated in a photo exhibition called "We are here". In 2021, Pylypenko was trying to organize a special unit in the Ukrainian army for LGBTQ soldiers. In July 2021,

652:

Denmark allows homosexuals to serve openly. There are prominent openly gay military leaders in the Danish Armed Forces and there are no reported cases of threats to gays, morale, or national security. A study of the conditions for gay men indicates that gay men in the Danish Armed Forces show

577:

On August 13, 2014, The Defense Ministry ordered the creation of a new committee to monitor inclusion and tackle discrimination in the armed forces, a move hailed as a "historic" step by gay rights campaigners. Marcos Robledo, defense undersecretary, announced the formation of a Diversity and

794:

There has been no preclusion since 1993 when male homosexuality was decriminalised in the Republic of Ireland. Since 1993, there has been significant change to make sure that there was no discrimination in terms of public policy. At the same time as an equal age of consent was introduced for

1584:. The new policy continued the ban under which homosexuals were prohibited from serving in the military and their discharge was required. The main change that the new policy made was to prohibit investigation into a member's sexual orientation without suspicion. The new policy was known as " 1560:

The first time homosexuals were differentiated from non-homosexuals in the military literature was in revised Army mobilization regulations in 1942. Additional policy revisions in 1944 and 1947 further codified the ban. Throughout the next few decades, homosexuals were routinely discharged,

521:

The number of military women who experienced sexual harassment dropped 46% after the ban was lifted. While there were several reasons why harassment declined, one factor was that after the ban was lifted women were free to report assaults without fear that they would be accused of being a

1680:. A defector has said that intimacy is particularly prevalent in cold, mountainous areas, during the ten years of mandatory service where it is impossible to have intimate interactions with women. Author Bradley Martin writes that such behavior, while not illegal, may result in execution. 1386:

Sweden allows homosexuals to serve openly and was amongst the first nations in the world to allow LGBT people to do so. Gay men could serve openly even before homosexuality was demedicalized (in 1979), as there was no ban on homosexuality in the nation's military. Since 1987 all kind of

870:

In a comprehensive review of interviews with all known experts on homosexuality in the IDF in 2004, researchers were not able to find any data suggesting that Israel's decision to lift its gay ban undermined operational effectiveness, combat readiness, unit cohesion or morale. In this

1022:

formed a working group called Homosexuality and Armed Forces to improve the climate for sexual minorities. In the 1980s, this group became the Homosexuality and Armed Forces Foundation, a trade union that continues to represent gay and lesbian personnel to the Ministry of Defense.

1362:

makes it a criminal offence for any SANDF member or Defence Department employee to "denigrate, humiliate or show hostility or aversion" to any person on the grounds of sexual orientation. In 2002, the SANDF extended spousal medical and pension benefits to "partners in a permanent

502:

As of 1992, lesbians, gays and bisexuals are allowed to serve openly in the military. A study of gays and lesbians in the Canadian military has found that after Canada's 1992 decision to allow homosexuals to serve openly in its armed forces, military performance did not decline.

3046:

The chief of staff's policy states that it is strictly forbidden to harm or hurt anyone's dignity or feeling based on their gender or sexual orientation in any way, including signs, slogans, pictures, poems, lectures, any means of guidance, propaganda, publishing, voicing, and

1137:

portal that openly gay personnel would face social difficulty, especially for higher ranks, as for "commanding staff - officers and high-ranking NCOs - admitting to same-sex attraction would mean losing respect - qualities without which you simply cannot be a commander".

1471:

According to law, homosexuality is not a reason for exemption from the army. However, many young gay men try to avoid call-up to military service, as they are afraid to face unauthorized relations and other difficulties. In 2018, Viktor Pylypenko, who had served in the

464:

No information currently exists as to whether military personnel can have their same-sex relationships recognized by the military, despite the fact that federal government employees can receive benefits for their same-sex spouses. Following the Supreme Federal Tribunal

965:

regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. According to the military, a number of openly gay people serve, and the official attitude is one of "live and let live", where "a person's postings and duties depend on their qualifications, not their sexual

710:

France allows homosexuals to serve openly. Although homosexuals are not banned, they may face greater challenges than their heterosexual counterparts. Commanders and psychiatrists who believe gay and lesbian personnel are disrupting their units can discharge them.

394:

are prohibited from discriminating against or harassing soldiers on the basis of sexual orientation; such activities, however, are tolerated by officers, to the extent that one conscript described the Regiment as "the most homophobic environment that exists".

306:

orientation have not been disciplined, and perhaps separated from the armed forces under a mantle of silence. In fact, with this new system, homosexuals who wish to train in the forces should encounter no impediment, nor any military retaliation.

578:

Anti-Discrimination Committee with the aim to eradicate arbitrary discrimination in the military. The resolution, signed by Defense Minister Jorge Burgos, established the government as responsible for creating a more inclusive armed services.

920:

presidency, answered that it was not an issue, and individuals within the forces indicated that as long as same-sex relations did not lead to fights or other trouble, there were few, if any, barriers to their inclusion in the armed services.

1153:

Portugal allows all citizens to serve openly in the military regardless of sexual orientation, as the constitution explicitly forbids any discrimination on that basis, therefore openly allowing lesbians and gays to serve in the military.

874:

While no official statistics are available for harassment rates of sexual minorities in the IDF, scholars, military officials and representatives of gay organizations alike assert that vicious harassment is rare. A study published by the

1612:

certified that repeal would not harm military readiness, followed by a 60 days waiting period. In early 2011, military leaders began issuing training plans for the expected repeal of the ban. A court order on July 6, 2011, required the

724:

sexual activity while in the military service as long as it does not interfere with the performance of their duties. Lesbian and gay soldiers are also entitled to enter civil unions as defined by Germany's domestic "partnership" law.

2246: 4856:

The second major stress on soldiers is their highly restricted social life. During their initial ten years of service they are not permitted to marry, which means that they are supposed to postpone sexual activity until their late

4317:"Refworld - Thailand: Situation and treatment of homosexuals, transsexuals and transgender persons; whether the government updated the constitution to provide rights to homosexuals, transsexuals and transgender persons (2005-2007)" 3897: 1569:, the Department of Defense issued a 1982 policy (DOD Directive 1332.14) stating that homosexuality was clearly incompatible with military service. Controversy over this policy created political pressure to amend the policy, with 2195: 850:

Homosexuals serve openly in the military, including special units, without any discrimination. Moreover, homosexuals in the IDF have additional rights, such as the right to take a shower alone if they want to. According to a

3480:

Policy Concerning Homosexuality in the Armed Forces: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, March 29, 31; April 29; May 7, 10, 11; July 20, 21, 22,

842:

policies allow gay men and lesbians to serve openly and without discrimination or harassment due to actual or perceived sexual orientation. This was put into effect in 1993 after an IDF reserves officer testified before the

1591:

Pressure to overturn the ban continued to build throughout the 1990s and 2000s, as public opposition to gay rights waned. In December 2010, the House and Senate, under a Democratic majority, passed a bill that President

1242:

of the police force prohibits unfair discrimination in recruitment. Furthermore, police officials are trained to properly respond to and identify discrimination, whether in public or within the police force itself.

809:

on Tuesday that a report on the introduction of a code of conduct governing interpersonal relationships is being prepared. The decision to prepare a report follows a recent announcement by the Minister for Defence,

1283:. In the past, some Singaporean conscripts who openly declared their homosexuality may also be excluded from officer training, including being refused security clearances needed to perform higher roles in the army. 1556:

military. Military policy and legislation had previously forbidden them to serve, and later to serve openly, but these prohibitions were ended in September 2011 after the U.S. Congress voted to repeal the policy.

751:"irrelevant", regardless of the rank and function of the soldier(s) involved, while harassment or the abuse of functions is considered a transgression, as well as the performance of sexual acts in active service. 4975: 735:" policy that effectively banned homosexuals from becoming officers until 2000. First Lieutenant Winfried Stecher, an army officer demoted for his homosexuality, filed a lawsuit against former Defense Minister 1111:

announced that it has welcomed openly gay and lesbian applicants into its fold, giving them the opportunity to serve in the military although public display of affection and crossdressing is not permissible.

1641:

Homosexuals were prohibited from serving in the Uruguayan armed forces under the 1973–1985 military dictatorship, however this prohibition was lifted in 2009 when a new decree was signed by Defence Minister

2954:

Cathal Kelly, International Secretary of the National Lesbian and Gay Foundation, which implements recent equality legislation in Ireland, says that the Employment Equality Act of 1998 applies to the Irish

3423: 1157:

In April 2016, Portugal's armed forces chief General Carlos Jerónimo resigned, days after being summoned to explain comments about gay soldiers made by the deputy head of the military college. President

821:

Information regarding sexual orientation is not sought from personnel wishing to enlist in the Defence Forces. The Defence Forces have a code on interpersonal relationships and guidelines in relation to

529:

None of the 905 assault cases in the Canadian Forces from November, 1992 (when the ban was lifted) until August, 1995 involved gay bashing or could be attributed to the sexual orientation of one of the

302:. A new military justice system was put into effect which decriminalizes homosexuality among uniformed members, and moves crimes committed exclusively within the military to the public justice sphere . 1179:. According to the Ministry of Defence's recruitment policy, "it is the right of every Romanian citizen to take part in the military structures of our country, regardless of their sexual orientation." 2229:"Refworld - Bulgaria: Situation of homosexuals; protection available to victims of harassment or violence; organizations offering assistance or support to sexual minorities (March 2005 - August 2006)" 540:), quoting Canadian Forces spokesperson Rana Sioufi as saying: "Members who are same-sex partners are entitled to the same respect and dignity as heterosexual married couples or common-law partners." 545:

In the past 20 years, the Canadian Forces has gone from being a homophobic organization that actively hounded out gay and lesbian members to one of the world's leading advocates of open integration.

1372:

Homosexuals are allowed to serve openly in the Spanish Army. As of 2009, after the case of Aitor G.R, the courts also ruled that transgender individuals are also permitted to serve in the military.

534:

A news article by Canadian journalist, Jon Tattrie, reported on the changed attitude towards the presence of homosexual members of the Canadian Forces in his article "Being Gay in the Military" (

871:

security-conscious country where the military is considered to be essential to the continued existence of the nation, the decision to include sexual minorities has not harmed IDF effectiveness.

643:

rejected in 2014 due to alleged "reduction in the morale of combat units". By 2015, the trans identity of candidates and service candidates was no longer considered relevant to military service.

2745: 2177: 594:

In 1999 the Colombian Constitutional Court ruled that the prohibition of homosexuals from serving in the armed forces is unconstitutional and members of the LGBT community may serve openly.

2254: 1696:. Conscripts are profiled at the time of enlistment and homosexuals may be categorized as having a "mental handicap" or "personality disorder", which may lead to a dishonourable discharge. 1212:

is considering passing new laws to prevent men from changing their gender from male to female without surgery. The proposed changes, as first discussed by the Russian Minister of Justice,

5024: 4968: 3893: 1547: 1350:, which included the statement that, "In accordance with the Constitution, the SANDF shall not discriminate against any of its members on the grounds of sexual orientation." In 1998, the 91: 5034: 2771: 128: 3641: 1129:

Since the 1990s, lesbian, gay and bisexual people are not banned from military service and discrimination against them is officially forbidden. However, there is an unwritten rule of "

2199: 1098:

ruled that it was a form of unconstitutional discrimination to discharge people who committed homosexual acts from the military, given that equivalent heterosexual acts were allowed.

5019: 330: 86: 488:

Bulgaria's Protection Against Discrimination Act of 2003 protects individuals from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation in relation to recruitment to the military.

1600:. The law established a future pathway to allow homosexuals to serve in the military. Under the terms of the bill, the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy remained in place until the 1358:, under which recruits may not be questioned about their sexual orientation and the Defence Force officially takes no interest in the lawful sexual behaviour of its members. The 4961: 278:

Conceptions and categories of sexual orientation are not universal. Language contained in the following entries, as much as possible, reflects local usage or official doctrine.

1076:

Anyone who in written or verbal form is threatening, scorning, persecuting, or spiteful toward a gay or lesbian person will be punished with fines or prison of up to two years.

5029: 3870: 832: 123: 4289: 4257: 3152: 4612: 2910: 2475:"REPORT ON MEASURES TO COMBAT DISCRIMINATION Directives 2000/43/EC and 2000/78/EC COUNTRY REPORT 2010 CZECH REPUBLIC Pavla Boučková State of affairs up to 1st January 2011" 2114: 4481: 4437: 1977: 1216:, in April are to "rule out the possibility of changing a person’s gender purely by changing the documents.” Duma Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs head 5251: 4360: 1418:

Switzerland's military policies also allow for gay men and lesbians to serve openly without discrimination or harassment due to actual or perceived sexual orientation.

847:

claiming that his rank had been revoked, and that he had been barred from researching sensitive topics in military intelligence, solely because of his sexual identity.

818:

party. Lt. Gen Bergin pointed out that the Army does not ask potential recruits about their sexual orientation, and that they had few problems in the past in this area.

4516: 1692:

are guaranteed in South Korea under the Korean Human Rights Committee Law, but in practice homosexuals may still face discrimination during military service, which is

760:

been shortening the length of conscription and hiring more and more professional soldiers and there hasn't been any incident of someone being fired for homosexuality.

253: 2018: 1499:

was chosen due to its nature as "fantastic 'non-existent' creature", sarcastically countering claims about there being no LGBT+ individuals in the Ukrainian military.

814:, that military regulations would be modified to take account of any reform in the civil law on homosexuality. Andrews is seen as a member of the liberal wing of the 5140: 5080: 2593: 2474: 2360: 1509: 461:

from the military and there is no question of discrimination." The two soldiers said they had been in a stable relationship for ten years in the Brazilian military.

203: 156: 3286: 4771: 4235: 5070: 3190: 2533: 151: 3671: 1002:

ruled that it is unconstitutional to discharge soldiers for being HIV-positive. Previously, a 2003 law required that HIV-soldiers be discharged from service.

2316: 1221:

Russian source "In connection with the special operation, many young people have turned to private clinics to provide a sex change to avoid conscription..."

2649: 1196:

Before 1993, homosexual acts between consenting males were against the law in Russia, and homosexuality was considered a mental disorder until adoption of

1745:

countries still did not allow homosexuals to serve openly: Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Cyprus.

5112: 1387:

discrimination, military employment included, due to sexual orientation is banned by constitution. Since 2008 this ban also includes transgender people.

1071:

in regards to LGBT-rights and it also became the first country in the world to enact an anti-discrimination law protecting homosexuals in certain areas.

177: 5117: 1633:, lawful same-sex spouses are afforded the same rights as heterosexual spouses. This policy was codified by Congress via the Respect For Marriage Act. 182: 3226: 473:

guaranteed the Ministry's compliance with the decision and mentioned that spousal benefits can be accorded to same-sex spouses of military personnel.

5145: 5087: 3568:↑ Craig A. Rimmerman: Gay rights, military wrongs: political perspectives on lesbians and gays in the military. New York: Garland Pub., 1996, s. 13. 3002:

Suzanne B. Goldberg, "Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces,"

2690: 2275:

Suzanne B. Goldberg, "Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces,"

1893:

Suzanne B. Goldberg, 'Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces,"

1317:

reported that "the military has a very homophobic environment that is hostile and intolerant of any manifestations and indications of homosexuality."

764: 457:

In 2008, during the disappearance of a military gay couple, the Ministry of Defence of Brazil spoke: "the sergeant is to be questioned about alleged

213: 518:

Self-identified gay, lesbian, and transsexual members of the Canadian Forces contacted for the study describe good working relationships with peers.

5075: 2752: 2292: 2181: 161: 3806: 5183: 4998: 3177: 60: 3972: 2647:

Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Denmark. – a study of the experiences and perceptions of six homosexual men in the Danish Armed Forces

776: 5150: 3657: 1597: 1012: 246: 208: 3377: 2875: 2778: 1931: 22: 5168: 5122: 3639: 3458: 187: 2001: 5065: 4636: 1144:

results in being automatically assigned as "permanently and completely unfit for military service, both in the time of conflict and peace".

497: 146: 2135: 1491:. A growing number of soldiers disclosed their identity, believing that they could fight not just for their home country but also against 3504: 2047: 1617:

to immediately suspend the ban, which the government complied with. The legislative repeal of the ban took effect on September 20, 2011.

3776: 629: 2941: 2848: 2834: 431:, like some Brazilian male citizens. All sexual acts are disallowed between members of the forces, be they heterosexual or homosexual. 4539: 3724: 5229: 3058: 1542:

A US Navy sailor kissing her fiancé, who is also a member of the Navy, after disembarking at the end of a deployment in December 2011

239: 31: 3947: 3862: 4293: 4265: 3156: 916:. The Japan Self-Defense Forces, when being asked about their policy toward gays and lesbians following the U.S. debate during the 419:. Sexual orientation and gender identity cannot be an obstacle for entry into the police force or the military in Brazil, and some 4109: 4030: 5104: 5051: 3701: 2917: 1164: 852: 619:

Homosexuals used to be banned from serving in the Cypriot Military. However, the 2011 National Guard Law does not include a ban.

65: 2111: 1646:

which provided that sexual orientation would no longer be considered a reason to prevent people from entering the armed forces.

1326:

Slovenia allows individuals to serve openly without discrimination or harassment due to actual or perceived sexual orientation.

1974: 999: 299: 111: 4410: 3548: 2097:

In 2013, the Armed Forces of Bolivia announced a change in policy, allowing LGBT citizens to serve in its ranks starting 2015.

879:

Movement in January 2012 found that half of the homosexual soldiers who serve in the IDF suffer from violence and homophobia.

3839: 3488: 2675: 2029: 1832: 1609: 511:

Lifting of restrictions on gay and lesbian service in the Canadian Forces has not led to any change in military performance,

450:

or congeners in the military, whether heterosexual or homosexual. They claim that it is not a homophobic rule, but a rule of

106: 4508: 3529: 1450:

serving in the military. Prior to this reform, LGBT people were exempted as suffering from a "mental disorder" law of 1954.

586:

they aren't going to suffer discrimination because of their sexual orientation within these institutions," Mr Jimenez said.

5132: 3754: 3725:"The Russian Federation has dropped "homosexual orientation" from its new classification of mental and behaviour disorders" 1523: 1515: 1351: 1343: 70: 3615: 2481: 2364: 1336: 5003: 2803: 2339: 1738: 1614: 1562: 96: 55: 4912: 4685: 2247:"Effects of the 1992 Lifting of Restrictions on Gay and Lesbian Service in the Canadian Forces: Appraising the Evidence" 1661: 1255:) announced that the Serbian Army would accept homosexuals to join. However, this news was not widely covered by media. 1032: 4849: 3475: 2507: 1605: 439: 4775: 4243: 867:, said, "It's a non-issue. You can be a very good officer, a creative one, a brave one, and be gay at the same time." 3573: 2977:

Eyal Ben-Ari, Danny Kaplan, "Brothers and Others in Arms: Managing Gay Identity in Combat Units of the Israel Army,"

1877: 1574: 1495:. The invasion also saw the spread of "unicorn insignia" which Ukrainian LGBTQ soldiers sew onto their uniforms. The 4931: 1265: 4984: 4796: 4726: 4352: 3257: 805:

In a related development, the Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces, Lieutenant General Noel Bergin, told the

39: 3587: 1460: 1294: 5160: 4056: 3923: 3675: 3354: 2313: 1570: 4590: 3076: 2646: 1189: 977: 5178: 1734: 1601: 1430: 1107:

The Philippine government has officially ended, as of 2010, the ban on gays in the military. In July 2012, the

116: 101: 1122: 4641: 603: 3894:"Duma to ban gender reassignment without surgery as Russian men go for sex change to avoid fighting Ukraine" 1850: 1087: 955: 893: 571: 4751: 3959: 3234: 1276: 1140:

Openly transgender people are officially barred from military service on the medical grounds. Diagnosis of

1095: 4465:"I had a friend and now I have a girlfriend." How the Ukrainian LGBT military is coming out of the shadows 3344:

Estrada, Armando. Attitudes of Military Personnel Toward Homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 37(4), 83

2053: 1693: 1673: 1585: 1484: 1130: 1108: 359: 1429:

repealed its ban on conscripting gay people into the military in 2002. Following an announcement by the

362:

does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. The government made the announcement in 1998.

3798: 2990: 1737:

found that barring homosexual and bisexual individuals from military service violates article 8 of the

1689: 1492: 811: 662: 476:

According to a survey conducted by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) in 2012, 53.7% of

424: 4869: 3443: 2620: 1538: 1522:. Since March 2014, UK military same-sex couples can get married (as well as UK civilians), under the 3982: 2725:[Argentina and the Philippines end the military gay ban] (in German). queer.de. March 4, 2009 2594:"Česká armáda se vojáků na změnu pohlaví neptá. Trump transsexuály vykázal, u nás může sloužit každý" 2418: 1208:

As of April and May 2023 there has been a proposed crackdown on the changing of genders. The Russian

913: 4088: 3948:

Decreto Delegato 11 febbraio 2015 N.13 - Codice di condotta per gli appartenenti ai Corpi di Polizia

4438:"Jsem gay, veřejně přiznal ukrajinský voják. Aby národ pochopil, že i homosexuálové jsou vlastenci" 3381: 3094:, "Does viral IDF Gay Pride photo show full picture?" By Yaakov Katz, Jerusalem Post, June 12, 2012 2882: 2196:"Jobim says it will examine how the Supreme Court decision on gay couples affects the Armed Forces" 1938: 1629: 1235: 319: 3455: 2439: 1133:" and most gay Polish soldiers conceal their sexual orientation. In 2013, military personnel told 855:

study, a brigadier general stated that Israelis show a "great tolerance" for gay soldiers. Consul

4841: 4657: 1998: 1488: 1478: 1447: 1272: 1159: 404: 1225:, Speaker of the Duma, claims that some "2,700" such decisions have been made in "recent times". 415:

There is no law forbidding lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender people from serving in the

386:

does not discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation, as it is formed by random lottery-style

5173: 3126:"La comunità LGBTQ in divisa rischia la vita ogni giorno per noi. Ma nessuno combatte per loro" 2625: 2132: 1271:

Prior to 2003, homosexuals were barred from being employed in "sensitive positions" within the

1043: 699: 674: 435: 416: 4140:"Assessing the integration of gays and lesbians into the South African National Defence Force" 3409: 2057: 1624:

found that openly gay service has not resulted in a negative net impact to the U.S. military.

1309:

prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, it also applies to the military.

5092: 4464: 4004: 3784: 3549:"No PDA, cross-dressing for gay cadets at PMA | News Feature, News, The Philippine Star" 2621:"Gays in arms: can gays in the military work? In countries around the world, they already do" 1381: 1213: 962: 839: 466: 447: 347: 4382: 3023: 2854: 2769: 4482:"'We're breaking stereotypes': LGBT+ soldiers hope Ukraine moves towards same-sex marriage" 3444:

Gays in arms: can gays in the military work? In countries around the world, they already do

3125: 2460: 1721: 1561:

regardless of whether they had engaged in sexual conduct while serving. In response to the

1519: 1487:

resulted in an increased influx of openness and acceptance regarding LGBTQ soldiers in the

1391: 985: 788: 371: 4809: 4110:"White Paper on National Defence for the Republic of South Africa: Defence in a Democracy" 3920:"Russian Duma Plans Ban on Sex Change Without Surgery to Stop Evasion of Military Service" 3056: 480:

support the entry of LGBTs in the Brazilian Armed Forces, and do not see it as a problem.

8: 4756: 4690: 4617: 2325: 1302: 1094:

routinely reject applicants whom they suspected of being homosexual. On 9 June 2004, the

687: 611:

take discrimination very seriously and will not tolerate homophobia among its personnel.

608: 552: 536: 383: 287: 2378: 740: 298:

As of 2009, the Argentine government has officially ended the ban on homosexuals in the

273: 4662: 4568: 4211: 4186: 4113: 3732: 3426:[60 years of gay game: Stand upright and collected]. regjeringen.no. 2010-06-21 3287:"Vivir con VIH en el ejército mexicano: son más de cien y no tienen derecho a 'llorar'" 2396: 2213: 1814: 1779: 1677: 1280: 1222: 1047: 637: 3697: 3092: 1962: 1762:

Amar, Paul (2011). "Turning the Gendered Politics of the Security State Inside Out?".

314: 4845: 4468: 4216: 3569: 3484: 3397: 3324: 3171: 2935: 2905: 2903: 2828: 2671: 1818: 1783: 1518:(MOD) policy was to continue the long-standing ban on homosexuals joining any of the 1313: 797: 567: 323: 267: 4380: 3007: 2668:

States of Liberation: Gay Men between Dictatorship and Democracy in Cold War Germany

2656:

Associated professor Ina Borup, NHV — Nordic School of Public Health, Jan 2010.

2280: 1898: 5210: 4206: 4198: 4151: 3831: 2572: 2008:

glbtq: An encyclopaedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender & queer culture.

1806: 1771: 1704: 1566: 1527: 1141: 989: 876: 736: 391: 4705: 3530:"The Philippines: Acceptance of Gays in the Military does not Mean Equality (Yet)" 2900: 2722: 407:

announced in 2013 that LGBT citizens would be allowed to serve beginning in 2015.

3977: 3645: 3462: 3080: 3062: 2868: 2653: 2320: 2139: 2118: 2005: 1981: 1810: 1775: 1239: 744: 4686:"Ending 'don't ask, don't tell' doesn't end problems facing gay service members" 4316: 3746: 3698:"Russia: Update to RUS13194 of 16 February 1993 on the treatment of homosexuals" 2228: 1643: 5205: 1742: 4953: 4202: 2810: 1403: 815: 5245: 4545: 2577: 2560: 2399:[Yes To Gays, With Discretion] (in Spanish). Eltiempo.com. 1999-07-15 1553: 1473: 1252: 1217: 1176: 1050:

are amongst many government agencies to have adopted "gay-friendly" policies.

994:

en contra de la moral o de las buenas costumbres dentro y fuera del servicio

860: 856: 732: 512: 4220: 1593: 1581: 917: 470: 428: 387: 229: 3505:"Sentencia 0023-2003-AI/TC, Constitutional Tribunal of Peru (9 June 2004)" 2777:(in German). Working Group 'Homosexuals in the Bundeswehr'. Archived from 2751:(in German). Working Group 'Homosexuals in the Bundeswehr'. Archived from 1206:

buttocks tattoos, that would allegedly indicate a homosexual orientation.

4710: 4334: 4314: 2467: 2226: 2152: 1621: 1064: 1018: 784: 420: 4862: 3960:

http://www.vesti.rs/Vesti/Homoseksualci-mogu-u-profesionalnu-vojsku.html

2561:"The Transgender Military Experience: Their Battle for Workplace Rights" 2361:"Gay rights group lauds efforts to make Chilean military more inclusive" 4531: 4133: 4131: 3592: 2707:

A.H.s.A.B. – Arbeitskreis homosexueller Angehöriger der Bundeswehr

2080: 1209: 1167:

Azeredo Lopes considered any discrimination "absolutely unacceptable".

1134: 1068: 728: 720: 477: 451: 4907: 4905: 4353:"Ukraine to spend five percent of 2015 budget on defense and security" 3919: 4838:

The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom

4814: 4405: 4403: 4061: 3291: 3073: 2770:

Inspector General of the German Military Forces (Bundeswehr) (2000).

1855: 1408: 661:

In 1988 East Germany ended a ban on openly gay people serving in the

458: 443: 335: 274:

Countries that allow openly gay, lesbian and bisexual people to serve

4829: 4500: 4156: 4139: 4128: 3204: 2081:"GFMER Sexual and Reproductive Rights Country Information - Bolivia" 1700:

laws and practices have faced legal challenges during recent years.

1580:

A legislative policy was enacted in a 1993 bill signed by President

1548:

Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military

1412: 937:

Lithuania allows lesbian, gay, and bisexual people to serve openly.

602:

LGBT persons are not banned from participation in military service.

4902: 4170:

Transexuales en el Ejército Español, Miguel Ruiz, February 10, 2009

4089:"*QL-ED*: SLOVENIA: ban on discrimination in employment nationwide" 2743: 1668: 4400: 4374: 3474: 3280: 3278: 1588:" and was seen as a compromise between the two political efforts. 1434:

prompting protest demonstrations in Taipei, the nation's capital.

266:

This overview shows the regulations regarding military service of

4874: 4381:

Andriy Maymulakhin; Olexandr Zinchenkov; Andriy Kravchuk (2007).

3826: 3824: 3716: 3322: 3212: 2079:

Villar de Onis, Jimena (September 27, 2017). Aldo Campana (ed.).

1496: 1202: 844: 331:

Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military

3024:"Follow Israel's example on gays in the military, US study says" 2723:"Argentinien und die Philippinen beenden Homo-Verbot im Militär" 791:. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is illegal. 4258:"Swedish Army: "Some things you should not have to camouflage"" 3769: 3690: 3275: 2853:[PREFECTURE 3421] (in Greek). Dsanet.gr. Archived from 2178:"Armed Forces will guarantee rights of gay couples, says Jobim" 1426: 1197: 1060: 1059:

Norway allows homosexuals to serve openly in the armed forces.

912:

does not have any rules applying to homosexuals serving in the

4637:"Pentagon: 'Don't ask, don't tell' could be gone by September" 4187:"LGBT in the Military: Policy Development in Sweden 1944–2014" 3821: 3791: 3449: 2691:

El camino hacia la inclusión. La homosexualidad en el ejército

833:

Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military

607:

private, but there have also been reports suggesting that the

570:

does not discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation. Chile

4613:"Gates open to ending 'don't ask, don't tell' before leaving" 3700:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 29 February 2000. 3658:"Portugal military chief resigns over remark on gay soldiers" 3534:

IGLHRC: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission

3118: 909: 636:

Since 1999, Czech law has prohibited discrimination based on

4411:"LGBTQ troops and vets go to war with homophobia in Ukraine" 2876:"Countries that Allow Military Service by Openly Gay People" 2534:"Transsexuálové míří do US Army. V Česku mají dveře zavřené" 1932:"Countries that Allow Military Service by Openly Gay People" 1833:"Albania Passes Gay Hate Crimes Law That Surpasses the U.S." 4066: 1994: 1992: 1990: 442:

in the country. The Brazilian Armed Forces does not permit

4540:"Ukraine's gay soldiers fight Russia—and for their rights" 3588:"Homoseksualizm w wojsku – największe tabu polskiej armii" 3150: 1477:

Pylypenko stated there were 16 open LGBTQ soldiers in the

4031:"Americká armáda možno skončí diskrimináciu homosexuálov" 3380:. National Equality Opportunities Network. Archived from 3325:"President Obama and the Future of Don't Ask, Don't Tell" 3202: 2379:"Chilean sailor makes history after announcing he is gay" 2214:"Most Brazilians support LGBT people in the Armed Forces" 1878:"Australia Ends a Prohibition On Homosexuals in Military" 1510:

Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom

777:

LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland § Military service

4112:. Government of South Africa. 8 May 1996. Archived from 3191:

AFM Denies discrimination on basis of sexual orientation

2293:"Canadian Military Can't Bar Homosexuals, a Court Rules" 2085:

GFMER Sexual and Reproductive Rights Country Information

1987: 3074:

Did Lifting the Gay Ban Undermine Military Performance?

2706: 2087:. Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research 1238:

does not explicitly ban LGBT people from serving. The

4290:"Asia's Silence on Gays in Military Broken by Taiwan" 3799:"Gays are not willingly accepted in the Russian army" 3777:"Gays are not Willingly Accepted in the Russian Army" 3258:"Two Wins in Mexico's Fight to Extend LGBTQ Equality" 3153:"Asia's Silence on Gays in Military Broken by Taiwan" 630:

LGBTQ rights in the Czech Republic § Military service

4727:"Repeal ends decades-long fight against DADT - News" 4706:"Navy set training for don't ask, don't tell repeal" 3106:

Ben-Ari, Kaplan, "Brothers and Others in Army," 402.

1649: 338:

has allowed homosexuals to serve openly since 1992.

286:

Gays and lesbians have been allowed to serve in the

4655: 3323:RADM Al Steinman USPHS/USCG (Ret) (December 2008). 3115:

Ben-Ari, Kaplan, "Brothers and Others in Army," 421

370:Belgium permits homosexuals to serve openly in the 346:Austria permits homosexuals to serve openly in the 5252:Sexual orientation and military service by country 4538: 1356:Policy on Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action 698:Finland allows homosexuals to serve openly in the 686:Estonia allows homosexuals to serve openly in the 5088:Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece 4749: 4658:"With Obama's Signature, 'Don't Ask' Is Repealed" 4509:"Ukraine's 'unicorn' LGBTQ soldiers head for war" 4383:"Ukrainian Homosexuals and Society - Report 2007" 4138:Belkin, Aaron; Canaday, Margot (10 August 2011). 3891: 3832:"Russian army put on alert for tell-tale tattoos" 2772:"Führungshilfe für Vorgesetzte – Sexualität" 1446:In 2005, the Thai armed forces lifted its ban on 765:Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece 5243: 4870:"Are there gay people in North Korea? | NK News" 4233: 4184: 3672:"Dilema Armatei romane: cu sau fara homosexuali" 3483:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 920. 3284: 1620:One year after repeal, a study published by the 4983: 4774:. Hispanic Business. 2012-09-20. Archived from 4604: 4315:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 4005:"What's It Like To Come Out As Gay To The SAF?" 3958:Vesti.rs Serbian news and information website, 2340:"Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law" 2227:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1707:that does not allow LGBT individuals to serve. 1342:LGBT people are allowed to serve openly in the 1301:LGBT people are allowed to serve openly in the 1251:In May 2010, the head of the Serbian military ( 1175:Homosexuals are allowed to serve openly in the 945:Luxembourg allows homosexuals to serve openly. 4698: 2558: 2308: 2306: 2175: 2078: 1552:Gay people are allowed to serve openly in the 1337:LGBT rights in South Africa § Military service 1275:. During the 20th century, some conscripts in 1013:LGBT policy in the Military of the Netherlands 4969: 4677: 4649: 4630: 4628: 4137: 3203:Medellín, Jorge Alejandro (17 October 2010). 3004:William & Mary Journal of Women & Law 2505: 2416: 2277:William & Mary Journal of Women & Law 1926: 1895:William & Mary Journal of Women & Law 1662:LGBT rights in North Korea § Military service 1346:(SANDF). In 1996, the government adopted the 1033:LGBT rights in New Zealand § Military service 675:decriminalization of homosexuality in Ecuador 247: 4897:Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader 4634: 2993:, By JOHN M. SHALIKASHVILI, January 2, 2007. 2744:German Military Forces (Bundeswehr) (2000). 2670:. University of Toronto Press. p. 214. 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1565:of the 1970s and 1980s, including the famed 498:Sexual orientation and the Canadian military 4797:Uruguay To Lift Ban On Gays In The Military 4683: 4610: 3176:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2559:Dietert, Michelle; Dentice, Dianne (2015). 2419:"Biti gay u Hrvatskoj vojsci – Nacional.hr" 2303: 2045: 1577:groups wishing to reinforce it by statute. 1266:LGBT rights in Singapore § Military service 961:Malta allows people to serve openly in the 929:Latvia allows homosexuals to serve openly. 550:—Jon Tattrie, "Being Gay in the Military", 4976: 4962: 4625: 4292:. PalmCenter. May 15, 2002. Archived from 4284: 4282: 3207:[Homosexuality and the Military]. 3017: 3015: 2618: 2508:"Transsexuálce odvolání do armády nevyšlo" 2440:"Hrvatska vojska: Gay je OK - Večernji.hr" 1799:International Feminist Journal of Politics 1797:Gabbard, Sonnet (2012). "Amy Lind (ed.)". 1764:International Feminist Journal of Politics 1461:LGBTQ rights in Ukraine § Military service 1295:LGBT rights in Slovakia § Military service 254: 240: 4724: 4656:Sheryl Gay Stolberg (December 22, 2010). 4588: 4388:. Kyiv: LGBT Human Rights NASH MIR Center 4210: 4155: 3424:"60 års homokamp: Stå oppreist og samlet" 3151:Jeremy Johnson May 8, 2012 (2012-05-08). 2591: 2576: 1903: 1627:Per the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in 1407:Swiss military officers participating at 1190:LGBTQ rights in Russia § Military service 978:LGBTQ rights in Mexico § Military service 4929: 4835: 4772:"Military: Allowing Gays to Serve Works" 4335:"Go Thai Be Free / Gay Life in Thailand" 3860: 3102: 3100: 2717: 2715: 1598:Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 1573:efforts seeking a repeal of the ban and 1537: 1402: 1123:LGBT rights in Poland § Military service 313: 4999:LGBT military and veteran organizations 4279: 3970: 3616:"Wojsko nie chce osób transseksualnych" 3227:"Gay in Mexico: A Cautious Quinceañera" 3021: 3012: 2991:Second Thoughts on Gays in the Military 2881:. PalmCenter. June 2009. Archived from 1937:. PalmCenter. June 2009. Archived from 1851:"Argentina: abren paso a gays en FF.AA" 1796: 1667:The North Korean military law mandates 1088:LGBTQ rights in Peru § Military service 956:LGBT rights in Malta § Military service 894:LGBT rights in Italy § Military service 853:University of California, Santa Barbara 665:, one of the first countries to do so. 66:Transgender people and military service 61:LGBT military and veteran organizations 5244: 4569:"Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013" 4506: 4185:Sundevall, Fia; Persson, Alma (2016). 4180: 4178: 4176: 3722: 3585: 3546: 3285:Guillermo Rivera (14 September 2017). 3255: 2996: 2940:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2833:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2665: 2531: 2153:"BBC: Gay soldier's fate grips Brazil" 1963:No Ban on Gays in The Bahamas Military 1000:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation 4957: 4840:(Second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: 3355:"Gay support network for NZ military" 3097: 2712: 2506:Gazdík, Jan; Dolejší, Václav (2004). 2150: 1848: 454:that also includes the opposite sex. 4930:Formánek, Ondřej (29 October 2010). 4913:"Korea Upholds Antigay Military Law" 4752:"Military Gay Ban to End in 60 Days" 4435: 4191:Sexuality Research and Social Policy 3863:"New soldiers face gay tattoo check" 3842:from the original on 1 December 2017 2592:Chládková, Kateřina (27 July 2017). 2461:"National Guard Law 2011 up to 2018" 1849:Smink, Veronica (28 February 2009). 1761: 1710: 1690:Civil rights for homosexual citizens 1524:Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 1344:South African National Defence Force 526:misconduct, or resignation problems. 71:Intersex people and military service 5004:Same-sex unions and military policy 4836:Hassig, Ralph; Oh, Kongdan (2015). 4750:Barnes, Julian E. (July 22, 2011). 4173: 3861:Spinella, Peter (25 January 2013). 3704:from the original on 8 October 2012 3509:International Commission of Jurists 3375: 2984: 2397:"Sí A Homosexuales, Con Discreción" 2049:Bill's supporters stunned by defeat 1739:European Convention on Human Rights 56:Same-sex unions and military policy 13: 4519:from the original on 3 August 2023 3809:from the original on 25 April 2015 3757:from the original on 25 April 2021 3476:Senate Committee on Armed Services 3256:Graves, Logan (19 November 2018). 2619:Konigsberg, Eric (November 1992). 2363:. Santiagotimes.cl. Archived from 14: 5263: 4684:O'Keefe, Ed (February 13, 2011). 4057:"Vojakom chýba v armáde súkromie" 3873:from the original on 4 March 2016 3783:. 1 December 2003. Archived from 2198:. POP. 2011-05-06. Archived from 2046:Strangeways, Sam (May 26, 2006). 1650:Countries with ambiguous policies 1503: 1074:The Norwegian government states: 622: 467:decision in favor of civil unions 5224: 5223: 4923: 4889: 4810:"Uruguay lifts military gay ban" 4802: 4789: 4764: 4743: 4718: 4582: 4561: 4474: 4455: 4429: 4345: 4327: 4308: 4250: 4227: 4164: 4102: 4081: 3892:Ayndrila Banerjee (5 May 2023). 2697:. Retrieved on November 8, 2021. 2180:. Agência Brasil. Archived from 2112:LGBT people and Military service 1660:This section is an excerpt from 1533: 1459:This section is an excerpt from 1335:This section is an excerpt from 1293:This section is an excerpt from 1264:This section is an excerpt from 1188:This section is an excerpt from 1121:This section is an excerpt from 1086:This section is an excerpt from 1031:This section is an excerpt from 976:This section is an excerpt from 954:This section is an excerpt from 892:This section is an excerpt from 775:This section is an excerpt from 628:This section is an excerpt from 572:bans all anti-gay discrimination 223: 21: 4591:"Repeal to be Signed Wednesday" 4363:from the original on 2015-09-24 4049: 4023: 3997: 3964: 3952: 3938: 3926:from the original on 6 May 2023 3912: 3900:from the original on 6 May 2023 3885: 3854: 3739: 3723:Warner, Nigel (November 1999). 3664: 3650: 3633: 3608: 3586:Sikora, Kamil (5 August 2013). 3579: 3562: 3540: 3522: 3497: 3468: 3437: 3416: 3369: 3347: 3338: 3316: 3307: 3249: 3219: 3196: 3184: 3144: 3109: 3086: 3067: 3050: 3040: 2971: 2958: 2948: 2841: 2796: 2736: 2700: 2684: 2659: 2640: 2612: 2585: 2552: 2525: 2499: 2453: 2432: 2410: 2389: 2371: 2353: 2332: 2312:Tattrie, Jon (20 August 2010). 2285: 2269: 2239: 2220: 2206: 2188: 2169: 2144: 2123: 2102: 2072: 2039: 2011: 1694:mandatory for all male citizens 1348:White Paper on National Defence 1329: 787:people can serve openly in the 656: 322:personnel marching in the 2013 4635:Anna Mulrine (April 4, 2011). 4589:Broverman, Neal (2010-12-20). 4507:Garcia, Horaci (31 May 2022). 3971:Elegant, Simon (7 July 2003). 3132:(in Italian). 11 December 2018 3022:Eichner, Itamar (2007-02-08). 2666:Huneke, Samuel Clowes (2022). 1968: 1956: 1887: 1871: 1842: 1825: 1790: 1755: 1735:European Court of Human Rights 1684: 1654: 1438:can do the job, that's fine." 1431:Republic of China Armed Forces 1398: 1102: 1025: 1006: 1: 4642:The Christian Science Monitor 4611:O'Keefe, Ed (June 13, 2011). 4436:Sima, Milan (19 April 2019). 3731:. France QRD]. Archived from 3547:Romero, Alexis (2012-07-11). 3446:Washington Monthly, Nov 1992. 3155:. Palm Center. Archived from 2176:Flavia Villela (2011-05-06). 1748: 1717:Lustig-Prean and Beckett v UK 1526:. This law does not apply to 1229: 940: 863:, who was interviewed by the 390:. Officially, members of the 3376:Limited, iSite Interactive. 2417:Orhidea Gaura (2012-06-29). 1975:Bahamas Military Allows Gays 1811:10.1080/14616742.2012.704710 1776:10.1080/14616742.2011.587364 1610:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 1258: 1096:Constitutional Court of Peru 932: 859:at the Israeli Consulate in 653:strength and are respected. 309: 293: 7: 4985:LGBT people in the military 4091:. Legalminds.lp.findlaw.com 3981:. Hong Kong. Archived from 3205:"Homosexualidad y Ejército" 2532:Gazdík, Jan (15 May 2014). 2314:"Being Gay in the Military" 1731:Beck, Copp and Bazeley v UK 1674:situational sexual behavior 1441: 1321: 1287: 1148: 1109:Philippine Military Academy 589: 483: 360:Royal Bahamas Defence Force 198:Intersex service by country 10: 5268: 3747:"Russian army to ban gays" 3357:. Newshub. 5 December 2011 3061:December 14, 2010, at the 2746:"Anlage B 173 zu ZDv 14/3" 2151:Duffy, Gary (2008-06-05). 1659: 1636: 1545: 1507: 1458: 1453: 1379: 1334: 1292: 1279:were encouraged to attend 1263: 1187: 1170: 1163:from the other students". 1120: 1085: 1030: 1010: 975: 953: 891: 830: 774: 769: 762: 714: 693: 681: 668: 647: 627: 597: 507:Appraising the Evidence". 495: 398: 377: 365: 353: 341: 328: 281: 5219: 5198: 5159: 5131: 5103: 5050: 5043: 5012: 4991: 4203:10.1007/s13178-015-0217-6 3922:. Kyiv Post. 5 May 2023. 3465:Retrieved 23 August 2007. 1421: 1375: 1246: 1182: 1115: 1054: 1040:service discrimination. 970: 924: 826: 754: 743:and then Vice-Chancellor 705: 614: 491: 410: 4932:"Homosexuálové v armádě" 4842:Rowman & Littlefield 2849: 2742:Cf. two orders of 2000: 2709:(Site is only in German) 2578:10.1177/2158244015584231 2216:. Cena G. March 1, 2012. 2138:October 5, 2011, at the 2117:October 2, 2006, at the 1999:Military Culture: Europe 1703:South Korea is the only 1630:United States v. Windsor 1514:Until 2000, the British 1367: 1236:Sammarinese Armed Forces 948: 904: 886: 561: 320:Australian Defence Force 172:Trans service by country 3644:March 10, 2012, at the 3262:LGBTQ Victory Institute 2571:(2): 2158244015584231. 1596:signed into law as the 1307:Anti-Discrimination Act 1273:Singapore Civil Service 1160:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 1080: 405:Armed Forces of Bolivia 5174:Wartime cross-dressing 4234:Swedish Armed Forces. 3753:. BBC. 13 March 2003. 3461:13 August 2007 at the 3006:(2011) v 17 pp 547-90 2626:The Washington Monthly 2279:(2011) v 17 pp 547-90 2133:Final feliz na caserna 1897:(2011) v 17 pp 547-90 1543: 1415: 1044:Royal New Zealand Navy 993: 820: 700:Finnish Defence Forces 663:National People’s Army 547: 438:prohibits any form of 436:Constitution of Brazil 417:Brazilian Armed Forces 326: 300:Argentine Armed Forces 140:LGB service by country 5093:Sacred Band of Thebes 5081:In the United Kingdom 3327:. Gay Military Signal 3193:The Malta Independent 1586:Don't ask, don't tell 1575:socially conservative 1541: 1485:2022 Russian invasion 1406: 1382:LGBT rights in Sweden 1352:Department of Defence 1214:Konstantin Chuychenko 1131:don't ask, don't tell 840:Israel Defense Forces 803: 609:Croatian Armed Forces 543: 348:Austrian Armed Forces 317: 5169:In the United States 5141:In the United States 5113:In the United States 5076:In the United States 4571:. Legislation.gov.uk 4359:. 20 December 2014. 3973:"The Lion In Winter" 3378:"Sexual orientation" 3231:The Bilerico Project 3083:Palm Centre, Jun 04. 2421:. Arhiva.nacional.hr 1722:Smith and Grady v UK 1606:Secretary of Defense 1563:gay rights movements 1493:existing stereotypes 1392:Swedish Armed Forces 986:Mexican Armed Forces 865:St. Petersburg Times 801:wrote in 1993 that: 789:Irish Defence Forces 372:Belgian Armed Forces 4757:Wall Street Journal 4714:. February 8, 2011. 4691:The Washington Post 4618:The Washington Post 4442:www.seznamzpravy.cz 3838:. 25 January 2013. 3805:. 1 December 2003. 3729:ILGA Euroletter 75] 2784:on February 6, 2009 2487:on 17 February 2015 2060:on December 3, 2013 1965:GayToday - May 1998 1884:, November 24, 1992 1516:Ministry of Defence 1360:Defence Act of 2002 1303:Slovak Armed Forces 914:Self-Defense Forces 688:Military of Estonia 604:Ministry of Defence 469:, Defense Minister 384:Military of Bermuda 288:Military of Albania 5105:Transgender people 5071:In the Netherlands 5052:Sexual orientation 4663:The New York Times 4144:Scientia Militaria 4069:. 10 February 2005 3985:on 3 February 2007 3456:Legal survey: Peru 3408:has generic name ( 3384:on 25 January 2019 3237:on 11 January 2016 3079:2011-02-18 at the 2758:on 6 February 2009 2652:2013-12-03 at the 2319:2010-08-24 at the 2299:. 4 November 1992. 2297:The New York Times 2026:bermudaregiment.bm 2019:"Bermuda Regiment" 2004:2005-11-21 at the 1980:2010-03-11 at the 1882:The New York Times 1715:In multiple cases— 1678:sexual orientation 1544: 1489:Ukrainian military 1416: 1363:life-partnership". 1281:conversion therapy 1223:Vyacheslav Volodin 1048:New Zealand Police 638:sexual orientation 327: 270:around the world. 5239: 5238: 5194: 5193: 4795:Huffington Post: 4469:Ukrayinska Pravda 4236:"Our Core values" 3490:978-0-16-046288-7 2979:Sage Publications 2966:Irish Independent 2677:978-1-4875-4213-9 2054:The Royal Gazette 1727:Perkin and R v UK 1711:Council of Europe 807:Irish Independent 798:Irish Independent 783:Lesbian, gay and 640:in the military. 568:Military of Chile 556:, August 20, 2010 324:Sydney Mardi Gras 268:non-heterosexuals 264: 263: 5259: 5227: 5226: 5211:Pink certificate 5048: 5047: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4909: 4900: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4806: 4800: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4542: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4478: 4472: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4407: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4387: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4368: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4339:gothaibefree.com 4331: 4325: 4324: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4264:. Archived from 4254: 4248: 4247: 4242:. Archived from 4231: 4225: 4224: 4214: 4182: 4171: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4135: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3828: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3678:on July 21, 2011 3674:. Archived from 3668: 3662: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3583: 3577: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3556: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3472: 3466: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3407: 3403: 3401: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3282: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3233:. Archived from 3223: 3217: 3216: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3175: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3159:on June 16, 2016 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3095: 3090: 3084: 3071: 3065: 3054: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3019: 3010: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2975: 2969: 2962: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2939: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2922: 2916:. Archived from 2915: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2832: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2809:. Archived from 2808: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2757: 2750: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2719: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2663: 2657: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2486: 2480:. Archived from 2479: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2336: 2330: 2310: 2301: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2253:. Archived from 2243: 2237: 2236: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2148: 2142: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2056:. Archived from 2043: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2028:. Archived from 2023: 2015: 2009: 1996: 1985: 1984:ILGA - June 2009 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1943: 1936: 1928: 1901: 1891: 1885: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1759: 1705:developed nation 1571:socially liberal 1567:"Copy" Berg case 1528:Northern Ireland 1277:National Service 1165:Defence Minister 1142:gender dysphoria 877:Israel Gay Youth 741:Gerhard Schröder 737:Rudolf Scharping 557: 515:, or discipline. 392:Bermuda Regiment 256: 249: 242: 230:LGBTQ portal 228: 227: 226: 50:General articles 42:military service 25: 18: 17: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5215: 5190: 5155: 5133:Intersex people 5127: 5099: 5054: 5039: 5008: 4987: 4982: 4952: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4928: 4924: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4894: 4890: 4881: 4879: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4852: 4844:. p. 126. 4834: 4830: 4821: 4819: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4794: 4790: 4781: 4779: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4748: 4744: 4735: 4733: 4725:Leo Shane III. 4723: 4719: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4654: 4650: 4633: 4626: 4609: 4605: 4596: 4594: 4587: 4583: 4574: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4488:. 9 August 2022 4480: 4479: 4475: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4409: 4408: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4375: 4366: 4364: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4296:on 16 June 2016 4288: 4287: 4280: 4271: 4269: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4232: 4228: 4183: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4157:10.5787/38-2-87 4136: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4116:on 16 June 2011 4108: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4092: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3988: 3986: 3969: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3890: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3660:. 8 April 2016. 3656: 3655: 3651: 3646:Wayback Machine 3638: 3634: 3625: 3623: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3584: 3580: 3567: 3563: 3554: 3552: 3545: 3541: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3473: 3469: 3463:Wayback Machine 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3429: 3427: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3405: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3387: 3385: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3330: 3328: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3283: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3081:Wayback Machine 3072: 3068: 3063:Wayback Machine 3055: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3032: 3030: 3020: 3013: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2972: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2949: 2933: 2932: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2911:"Archived copy" 2909: 2908: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2860: 2858: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2804:"Archived copy" 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2774: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2728: 2726: 2721: 2720: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2664: 2660: 2654:Wayback Machine 2645: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2590: 2586: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2530: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2345: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2321:Wayback Machine 2311: 2304: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2257:on 25 July 2011 2245: 2244: 2240: 2225: 2221: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2174: 2170: 2161: 2159: 2149: 2145: 2140:Wayback Machine 2130:(in Portuguese) 2129: 2128: 2124: 2119:Wayback Machine 2109:(in Portuguese) 2108: 2107: 2103: 2090: 2088: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2006:Wayback Machine 1997: 1988: 1982:Wayback Machine 1973: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1904: 1892: 1888: 1876: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1847: 1843: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1795: 1791: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1741:. In 2010, ten 1713: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1665: 1657: 1652: 1639: 1550: 1536: 1512: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1464: 1456: 1444: 1424: 1401: 1384: 1378: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1340: 1332: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1298: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1269: 1261: 1249: 1240:code of conduct 1232: 1227: 1226: 1193: 1185: 1173: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1126: 1118: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1091: 1083: 1063:, like most of 1057: 1052: 1051: 1036: 1028: 1015: 1009: 1004: 1003: 981: 973: 968: 967: 959: 951: 943: 935: 927: 907: 902: 901: 897: 889: 835: 829: 824: 823: 822:discrimination. 780: 772: 767: 757: 745:Joschka Fischer 717: 708: 696: 684: 671: 659: 650: 645: 644: 633: 625: 617: 600: 592: 564: 559: 549: 500: 494: 486: 413: 401: 380: 368: 356: 344: 333: 312: 296: 284: 276: 260: 224: 222: 41: 40:LGBT people and 12: 11: 5: 5265: 5255: 5254: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5206:Blue discharge 5202: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5161:Cross-dressing 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5118:In South Korea 5115: 5109: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4958: 4950: 4949: 4922: 4901: 4895:Martin (2006) 4888: 4861: 4851:978-1442237193 4850: 4828: 4801: 4799:, 14 May 2009, 4788: 4763: 4742: 4717: 4697: 4676: 4648: 4624: 4603: 4593:. Advocate.com 4581: 4560: 4549:. 5 April 2023 4530: 4499: 4473: 4471:(18 July 2021) 4462:(in Ukrainian) 4454: 4428: 4415:Deutsche Welle 4399: 4373: 4344: 4326: 4307: 4278: 4249: 4246:on 2016-05-16. 4240:Försvarsmakten 4226: 4197:(2): 119–129. 4172: 4163: 4127: 4101: 4080: 4048: 4022: 4011:. 27 June 2020 3996: 3963: 3951: 3937: 3911: 3884: 3853: 3820: 3790: 3787:on 2009-05-26. 3768: 3738: 3735:on 2008-07-25. 3715: 3689: 3663: 3649: 3632: 3607: 3578: 3561: 3551:. philstar.com 3539: 3521: 3496: 3489: 3467: 3448: 3436: 3415: 3368: 3346: 3337: 3315: 3313:Shilts, p. 572 3306: 3274: 3248: 3218: 3211:(in Spanish). 3195: 3183: 3143: 3117: 3108: 3096: 3085: 3066: 3049: 3039: 3011: 2995: 2983: 2970: 2957: 2947: 2899: 2867: 2840: 2795: 2735: 2711: 2699: 2683: 2676: 2658: 2639: 2611: 2584: 2551: 2524: 2498: 2466: 2452: 2431: 2409: 2388: 2370: 2367:on 2014-08-16. 2352: 2331: 2302: 2284: 2268: 2238: 2219: 2205: 2202:on 2014-06-06. 2187: 2184:on 2011-08-13. 2168: 2143: 2122: 2101: 2071: 2038: 2035:on 2016-01-11. 2010: 1986: 1967: 1955: 1902: 1886: 1870: 1841: 1824: 1805:(3): 442–444. 1789: 1770:(3): 299–328. 1753: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1743:European Union 1712: 1709: 1686: 1683: 1676:rather than a 1666: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1638: 1635: 1546:Main article: 1535: 1532: 1508:Main article: 1505: 1504:United Kingdom 1502: 1479:Ukrainian army 1468:for officers. 1465: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1443: 1440: 1423: 1420: 1400: 1397: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1341: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1299: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1270: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1248: 1245: 1231: 1228: 1194: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1172: 1169: 1150: 1147: 1127: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1104: 1101: 1092: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1056: 1053: 1037: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1011:Main article: 1008: 1005: 982: 974: 972: 969: 960: 952: 950: 947: 942: 939: 934: 931: 926: 923: 906: 903: 898: 890: 888: 885: 828: 825: 781: 773: 771: 768: 756: 753: 731:maintained a " 716: 713: 707: 704: 695: 692: 683: 680: 670: 667: 658: 655: 649: 646: 634: 626: 624: 623:Czech Republic 621: 616: 613: 599: 596: 591: 588: 563: 560: 542: 532: 531: 527: 523: 519: 516: 496:Main article: 493: 490: 485: 482: 440:discrimination 412: 409: 400: 397: 379: 376: 367: 364: 355: 352: 343: 340: 329:Main article: 311: 308: 295: 292: 283: 280: 275: 272: 262: 261: 259: 258: 251: 244: 236: 233: 232: 219: 218: 217: 216: 211: 206: 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 180: 167: 166: 165: 164: 159: 157:United Kingdom 154: 149: 134: 133: 132: 131: 126: 121: 120: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 89: 76: 75: 74: 73: 68: 63: 58: 45: 44: 36: 35: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5264: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5232: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5025:United States 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4974: 4972: 4967: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4919:. 2011-03-31. 4918: 4914: 4908: 4906: 4898: 4892: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4865: 4858: 4853: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4798: 4792: 4778:on 2013-11-12 4777: 4773: 4767: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4746: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4680: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4631: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4607: 4592: 4585: 4570: 4564: 4548: 4547: 4546:The Economist 4541: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4384: 4377: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4268:on 2016-06-03 4267: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4167: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4132: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4090: 4084: 4068: 4065:(in Slovak). 4064: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3941: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3899: 3896:. FirstPost. 3895: 3888: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3825: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3781:Pravda Online 3778: 3772: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3682:September 17, 3677: 3673: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3574:0-8153-2086-8 3571: 3565: 3550: 3543: 3536:. 2009-03-18. 3535: 3531: 3525: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3492: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3425: 3419: 3411: 3399: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3356: 3350: 3341: 3326: 3319: 3310: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3279: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3187: 3179: 3173: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3070: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3016: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2967: 2961: 2951: 2943: 2937: 2923:on 2012-07-07 2919: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2888:on 2009-08-24 2884: 2877: 2871: 2857:on 2016-06-05 2856: 2852: 2844: 2836: 2830: 2816:on 2017-10-07 2812: 2805: 2799: 2780: 2773: 2754: 2747: 2739: 2724: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2703: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2528: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2483: 2476: 2470: 2462: 2456: 2442:. Vecernji.hr 2441: 2435: 2420: 2413: 2398: 2392: 2385:. 2014-08-28. 2384: 2380: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2341: 2335: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2278: 2272: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2215: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2172: 2158: 2154: 2147: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2105: 2098: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2031: 2027: 2020: 2014: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1971: 1964: 1959: 1944:on 2009-08-24 1940: 1933: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1845: 1837: 1834: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1793: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1647: 1645: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1554:United States 1549: 1540: 1534:United States 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1480: 1475: 1474:war in Donbas 1469: 1462: 1451: 1449: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1373: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1338: 1327: 1316: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1296: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1267: 1256: 1254: 1253:Vojska Srbije 1244: 1241: 1237: 1224: 1219: 1218:Nina Ostanina 1215: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1191: 1180: 1178: 1177:Romanian army 1168: 1166: 1161: 1155: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1124: 1113: 1110: 1097: 1089: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1034: 1023: 1020: 1017:In 1974, the 1014: 1001: 998:In 2007, the 997: 995: 991: 987: 979: 966:orientation". 964: 957: 946: 938: 930: 922: 919: 915: 911: 895: 884: 880: 878: 872: 868: 866: 862: 858: 857:David Saranga 854: 848: 846: 841: 834: 819: 817: 813: 812:David Andrews 808: 802: 800: 799: 792: 790: 786: 778: 766: 761: 752: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 733:glass ceiling 730: 725: 722: 712: 703: 701: 691: 689: 679: 676: 673:Prior to the 666: 664: 654: 641: 639: 631: 620: 612: 610: 605: 595: 587: 583: 579: 575: 573: 569: 558: 555: 554: 546: 541: 539: 538: 528: 524: 520: 517: 514: 513:unit cohesion 510: 509: 508: 504: 499: 489: 481: 479: 474: 472: 468: 462: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 408: 406: 396: 393: 389: 385: 375: 373: 363: 361: 351: 349: 339: 337: 332: 325: 321: 316: 307: 303: 301: 291: 289: 279: 271: 269: 257: 252: 250: 245: 243: 238: 237: 235: 234: 231: 221: 220: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 204:United States 202: 201: 200: 199: 195: 194: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 178:United States 176: 175: 174: 173: 169: 168: 163: 162:United States 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 144: 143: 142: 141: 136: 135: 130: 127: 125: 122: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 93: 92:United States 90: 88: 85: 84: 83: 82: 78: 77: 72: 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 57: 54: 53: 52: 51: 47: 46: 43: 38: 37: 33: 29: 28: 24: 20: 19: 16: 5228: 5184:bibliography 5146:In Australia 5056: 4940:. Retrieved 4935: 4925: 4917:Advocate.com 4916: 4896: 4891: 4880:. Retrieved 4878:. 2015-01-29 4873: 4864: 4855: 4837: 4831: 4820:. Retrieved 4818:. 2009-05-18 4813: 4804: 4791: 4780:. Retrieved 4776:the original 4766: 4755: 4745: 4734:. Retrieved 4730: 4720: 4709: 4700: 4689: 4679: 4669:December 22, 4667:. Retrieved 4661: 4651: 4640: 4616: 4606: 4595:. Retrieved 4584: 4573:. Retrieved 4563: 4553:28 September 4551:. Retrieved 4544: 4533: 4523:28 September 4521:. Retrieved 4512: 4502: 4492:23 September 4490:. Retrieved 4485: 4476: 4457: 4445:. Retrieved 4441: 4431: 4419:. Retrieved 4417:. 2011-06-27 4414: 4390:. Retrieved 4376: 4365:. Retrieved 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4310: 4298:. Retrieved 4294:the original 4270:. Retrieved 4266:the original 4261: 4252: 4244:the original 4239: 4229: 4194: 4190: 4166: 4147: 4143: 4118:. Retrieved 4114:the original 4104: 4093:. Retrieved 4083: 4071:. Retrieved 4060: 4051: 4039:. Retrieved 4035:Aktuality.sk 4034: 4025: 4013:. Retrieved 4008: 3999: 3987:. Retrieved 3983:the original 3976: 3966: 3954: 3945:(in Italian) 3940: 3928:. Retrieved 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3887: 3877:10 September 3875:. Retrieved 3867:Moscow Times 3866: 3856: 3844:. Retrieved 3835: 3813:10 September 3811:. Retrieved 3802: 3793: 3785:the original 3780: 3771: 3759:. Retrieved 3750: 3741: 3733:the original 3728: 3718: 3706:. Retrieved 3692: 3680:. Retrieved 3676:the original 3666: 3652: 3635: 3624:. Retrieved 3619: 3610: 3598:. Retrieved 3591: 3581: 3564: 3553:. Retrieved 3542: 3533: 3524: 3512:. Retrieved 3508: 3499: 3479: 3470: 3451: 3439: 3428:. Retrieved 3418: 3406:|last1= 3386:. Retrieved 3382:the original 3371: 3359:. Retrieved 3349: 3340: 3329:. Retrieved 3318: 3309: 3297:. Retrieved 3295:(in Spanish) 3290: 3265:. Retrieved 3261: 3251: 3239:. Retrieved 3235:the original 3230: 3221: 3208: 3198: 3186: 3161:. Retrieved 3157:the original 3146: 3136:26 September 3134:. Retrieved 3129: 3120: 3111: 3088: 3069: 3052: 3042: 3031:. Retrieved 3027: 3003: 2998: 2986: 2978: 2973: 2965: 2960: 2950: 2925:. Retrieved 2918:the original 2890:. Retrieved 2883:the original 2870: 2859:. Retrieved 2855:the original 2843: 2818:. Retrieved 2811:the original 2798: 2786:. Retrieved 2779:the original 2768: ; and 2760:. Retrieved 2753:the original 2738: 2727:. Retrieved 2702: 2694: 2686: 2667: 2661: 2642: 2630:. Retrieved 2624: 2614: 2602:. Retrieved 2597: 2587: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2542:. Retrieved 2537: 2527: 2515:. Retrieved 2511: 2501: 2489:. Retrieved 2482:the original 2469: 2455: 2444:. Retrieved 2434: 2423:. Retrieved 2412: 2401:. Retrieved 2391: 2382: 2373: 2365:the original 2355: 2344:. Retrieved 2342:. Jurist.org 2334: 2326:Metro Ottawa 2324: 2296: 2287: 2276: 2271: 2259:. Retrieved 2255:the original 2250: 2241: 2232: 2222: 2208: 2200:the original 2190: 2182:the original 2171: 2160:. Retrieved 2156: 2146: 2125: 2104: 2096: 2091:November 23, 2089:. Retrieved 2084: 2074: 2062:. Retrieved 2058:the original 2048: 2041: 2030:the original 2025: 2013: 1970: 1958: 1946:. Retrieved 1939:the original 1894: 1889: 1881: 1873: 1861:. Retrieved 1859:(in Spanish) 1854: 1844: 1835: 1827: 1802: 1798: 1792: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1644:José Bayardi 1640: 1628: 1626: 1619: 1594:Barack Obama 1590: 1582:Bill Clinton 1579: 1559: 1551: 1520:Armed Forces 1513: 1470: 1466: 1445: 1436: 1425: 1417: 1389: 1385: 1371: 1359: 1355: 1347: 1330:South Africa 1325: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1250: 1233: 1195: 1174: 1156: 1152: 1128: 1106: 1075: 1073: 1058: 1038: 1016: 983: 963:armed forces 944: 936: 928: 918:Bill Clinton 908: 881: 873: 869: 864: 849: 836: 806: 804: 796: 793: 782: 758: 749: 726: 718: 709: 697: 685: 672: 660: 657:East Germany 651: 635: 618: 601: 593: 584: 580: 576: 574:since 2012. 565: 553:Metro Ottawa 551: 548: 544: 537:Metro Ottawa 535: 533: 505: 501: 487: 475: 471:Nelson Jobim 463: 456: 433: 429:conscription 427:should make 414: 402: 388:conscription 381: 369: 357: 345: 334: 304: 297: 290:since 2008. 285: 277: 265: 197: 196: 171: 170: 139: 138: 137: 112:Marine Corps 80: 79: 49: 48: 15: 5035:South Korea 4942:6 September 4711:Yahoo! News 4447:6 September 4073:6 September 4041:6 September 4037:(in Slovak) 4015:5 September 3761:6 September 3622:(in Polish) 3596:(in Polish) 3514:5 September 3299:5 September 3267:5 September 2981:(2000):400. 2788:24 December 2762:24 December 2604:6 September 2598:Aktuálně.cz 2544:6 September 2538:Aktuálně.cz 2517:6 September 2261:12 December 2251:Palm Center 1733:(2002)—the 1729:(2002) and 1685:South Korea 1655:North Korea 1622:Palm Center 1399:Switzerland 1103:Philippines 1065:Scandinavia 1026:New Zealand 1019:Netherlands 1007:Netherlands 816:Fianna Fáil 719:The German 448:sexual acts 421:trans women 183:South Korea 152:Netherlands 129:South Korea 107:Coast Guard 5199:Discharges 5057:by country 5013:By country 4938:(in Czech) 4936:Lidovky.cz 4882:2022-10-28 4822:2009-10-10 4782:2013-11-12 4736:2013-11-12 4597:2013-11-12 4575:2016-05-25 4367:2017-06-30 4272:2016-04-27 4095:2013-11-12 3989:11 January 3626:2021-02-14 3593:naTemat.pl 3555:2016-05-25 3430:2013-11-12 3388:30 January 3361:30 January 3331:2013-11-12 3163:2016-05-25 3130:THE VISION 3047:utterance. 3033:2008-09-30 2968:, May 1993 2927:2013-11-28 2892:4 December 2861:2013-11-12 2850:ΝΟΜΟΣ 3421 2820:2010-12-15 2729:2013-11-12 2600:(in Czech) 2540:(in Czech) 2512:Novinky.cz 2446:2016-05-25 2425:2016-05-25 2403:2013-11-12 2346:2013-05-04 2162:2013-11-12 1948:4 December 1749:References 1608:, and the 1380:See also: 1354:adopted a 1230:San Marino 1210:State Duma 1135:NaTemat.pl 1067:, is very 941:Luxembourg 831:See also: 763:See also: 729:Bundeswehr 721:Bundeswehr 478:Brazilians 452:discipline 318:Uniformed 81:By country 5066:In Canada 5020:Australia 4857:twenties. 4815:Pink News 4062:Pravda.sk 3978:Time Asia 3803:Pravda.ru 3620:www.rp.pl 3600:28 August 3292:Vice News 3209:M Semanal 2955:military. 2565:SAGE Open 1856:BBC Mundo 1836:care2.com 1819:142996878 1784:145722283 1602:President 1409:Europride 1311:In 2005, 1305:. As the 1259:Singapore 933:Lithuania 459:desertion 444:desertion 425:travestis 336:Australia 310:Australia 294:Argentina 214:Australia 97:Air Force 87:Australia 5246:Category 5230:Category 5044:By topic 4899:, p. 521 4517:Archived 4486:France24 4392:12 March 4361:Archived 4321:Refworld 4262:samesame 4221:27195050 3924:Archived 3898:Archived 3871:Archived 3840:Archived 3836:BBC News 3807:Archived 3755:Archived 3751:BBC News 3702:Archived 3642:Archived 3478:(1994). 3459:Archived 3398:cite web 3172:cite web 3077:Archived 3059:Archived 3028:Ynetnews 2936:cite web 2829:cite web 2650:Archived 2491:28 April 2383:BBC News 2317:Archived 2233:Refworld 2157:BBC News 2136:Archived 2115:Archived 2002:Archived 1978:Archived 1725:(1999), 1719:(1999), 1669:celibacy 1615:Pentagon 1442:Thailand 1411:2009 in 1322:Slovenia 1288:Slovakia 1149:Portugal 1046:and the 861:New York 838:policy. 785:bisexual 590:Colombia 530:parties. 522:lesbian. 484:Bulgaria 32:a series 30:Part of 4992:General 4875:NK News 4731:Stripes 4513:Reuters 4421:28 June 4357:reuters 4212:4841839 4120:16 July 3846:20 June 3213:Milenio 2695:Enfoque 2632:July 5, 1863:27 July 1637:Uruguay 1497:unicorn 1454:Ukraine 1203:gay men 1171:Romania 1069:liberal 990:Spanish 845:Knesset 770:Ireland 715:Germany 694:Finland 682:Estonia 669:Ecuador 648:Denmark 598:Croatia 399:Bolivia 378:Bermuda 366:Belgium 354:Bahamas 342:Austria 282:Albania 5151:Israel 5123:Israel 5030:Israel 4848: 4300:2 June 4219: 4209: 3708:21 May 3572: 3487: 3241:23 May 3008:online 2674: 2281:online 2064:May 8, 1899:online 1817: 1782: 1604:, the 1530:only. 1427:Taiwan 1422:Taiwan 1413:Zürich 1376:Sweden 1314:Pravda 1247:Serbia 1198:ICD-10 1183:Russia 1116:Poland 1061:Norway 1055:Norway 971:Mexico 925:Latvia 827:Israel 755:Greece 706:France 615:Cyprus 492:Canada 411:Brazil 209:Israel 188:Israel 147:Canada 124:Israel 4386:(PDF) 4150:(2). 3930:6 May 3904:6 May 2921:(PDF) 2914:(PDF) 2886:(PDF) 2879:(PDF) 2814:(PDF) 2807:(PDF) 2782:(PDF) 2775:(PDF) 2756:(PDF) 2749:(PDF) 2485:(PDF) 2478:(PDF) 2033:(PDF) 2022:(PDF) 1942:(PDF) 1935:(PDF) 1815:S2CID 1780:S2CID 1368:Spain 949:Malta 910:Japan 905:Japan 887:Italy 562:Chile 5179:list 4944:2020 4846:ISBN 4671:2010 4555:2023 4525:2023 4494:2022 4449:2020 4423:2021 4394:2016 4302:2010 4217:PMID 4122:2011 4075:2020 4067:TASR 4043:2020 4017:2020 4009:RICE 3991:2007 3932:2023 3906:2023 3879:2013 3848:2018 3815:2013 3763:2020 3710:2009 3684:2010 3602:2020 3570:ISBN 3516:2020 3485:ISBN 3481:1993 3410:help 3390:2017 3363:2017 3301:2020 3269:2020 3243:2020 3178:link 3138:2021 2964:The 2942:link 2894:2009 2835:link 2790:2008 2764:2008 2672:ISBN 2634:2011 2606:2020 2546:2020 2519:2020 2493:2012 2263:2010 2093:2017 2066:2009 1950:2009 1865:2017 1483:The 1448:LGBT 1390:The 1234:The 1081:Peru 1042:The 984:The 727:The 566:The 434:The 423:and 403:The 382:The 358:The 117:Navy 102:Army 4207:PMC 4199:doi 4152:doi 2573:doi 1807:doi 1772:doi 5248:: 4934:. 4915:. 4904:^ 4872:. 4854:. 4812:. 4754:. 4729:. 4708:. 4688:. 4660:. 4639:. 4627:^ 4615:. 4543:. 4515:. 4511:. 4484:. 4467:, 4440:. 4413:. 4402:^ 4355:. 4337:. 4319:. 4281:^ 4260:. 4238:. 4215:. 4205:. 4195:13 4193:. 4189:. 4175:^ 4148:38 4146:. 4142:. 4130:^ 4059:. 4033:. 4007:. 3975:. 3869:. 3865:. 3834:. 3823:^ 3801:. 3779:. 3749:. 3727:. 3618:. 3590:. 3532:. 3507:. 3402:: 3400:}} 3396:{{ 3289:. 3277:^ 3260:. 3229:. 3174:}} 3170:{{ 3128:. 3099:^ 3026:. 3014:^ 2938:}} 2934:{{ 2902:^ 2831:}} 2827:{{ 2714:^ 2693:. 2623:. 2596:. 2567:. 2563:. 2536:. 2510:. 2381:. 2323:. 2305:^ 2295:. 2249:. 2231:. 2155:. 2095:. 2083:. 2052:. 2024:. 1989:^ 1905:^ 1880:, 1853:. 1813:. 1803:14 1801:. 1778:. 1768:13 1766:. 1481:. 992:: 747:. 702:. 690:. 446:, 350:. 34:on 5059:) 5055:( 4977:e 4970:t 4963:v 4946:. 4885:. 4825:. 4785:. 4760:. 4739:. 4694:. 4673:. 4645:. 4621:. 4600:. 4578:. 4557:. 4527:. 4496:. 4451:. 4425:. 4396:. 4370:. 4341:. 4323:. 4304:. 4275:. 4223:. 4201:: 4160:. 4154:: 4124:. 4098:. 4077:. 4045:. 4019:. 3993:. 3934:. 3908:. 3881:. 3850:. 3817:. 3765:. 3712:. 3686:. 3629:. 3604:. 3576:. 3558:. 3518:. 3493:. 3433:. 3412:) 3392:. 3365:. 3334:. 3303:. 3271:. 3245:. 3215:. 3180:) 3166:. 3140:. 3036:. 2944:) 2930:. 2896:. 2864:. 2837:) 2823:. 2792:. 2766:. 2732:. 2680:. 2636:. 2608:. 2581:. 2575:: 2569:5 2548:. 2521:. 2495:. 2463:. 2449:. 2428:. 2406:. 2349:. 2329:. 2265:. 2235:. 2165:. 2068:. 1952:. 1867:. 1838:. 1821:. 1809:: 1786:. 1774:: 1664:. 1463:. 1339:. 1297:. 1268:. 1192:. 1125:. 1090:. 1035:. 980:. 958:. 896:. 779:. 632:. 255:e 248:t 241:v

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Sexual orientation and military service by country

Index