2525:
1443:
3831:
3841:
3820:
2271:
3851:
2263:
53:
1346:
The shastras are not consistent or single-consensus documents. Dharma-sastras, for example, contain opposing views and contradictory theories. This is in part because they represent an ideal of human behaviour, while at the same time recognising the need to account for likely failings. The shastras
1311:(1991). (...) The belief in the authenticity of Kulluka's text was openly articulated by Burnell (1884, xxix): "There is then no doubt that the textus receptus, viz., that of Kulluka Bhatta, as adopted in India and by European scholars, is very near on the whole to the original text."
1278:
Shastras are predominantly post-Vedic literature, that is after about 500 BCE. However, it is unclear when various
Shastras were composed and completed. The authenticity of the manuscripts is also unclear, as many versions of the same text exist, some with major differences.
1032:. For example, Yutang Lin says that a text written by him and not given by Buddha, cannot be called a "Sutra"; it is called a "Sastra". In Buddhism, Buddhists are allowed to offer their theses as long as they are consistent with the Sutras, and those are called "Sastras."
1517:. There are many Dharmashastras, variously estimated to be 18 to about 100, with different and conflicting points of view. Each of these texts exist in many different versions, and each is rooted in Dharmasutra texts dated to 1st millennium BCE that emerged from
1338:
The shastras are both descriptive and prescriptive. Among the various
Shastras, Manu's code of law has been among the most studied as the colonial British government attempted to establish different laws in British India based on
1331:, and Shastras of various fields of knowledge from the early 1st millennium period is of great interest as it helped the emergence of diverse schools and the spread of Indian religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism in and outside
963:
referred to any treatise, book or instrument of teaching, any manual or compendium on any subject in any field of knowledge, including religious. It is often a suffix, added to the subject of the treatise, such as
1313:
This is far from the truth. Indeed, one of the great surprises of my editorial work has been to discover how few of the over fifty manuscripts that I collated actually follow the vulgate in key readings.
1647:
mentions over 100 different
Dharmasastra texts which were known by the Middle Ages in India, but most of these are lost to history and their existence is inferred from quotes and citations in
1347:
do not present life as it was lived. Rather they reveal an idea of what life should be. The shastra texts constitute one of the great bodies of literature of the ancient world.
1788:
1369:; hence sutras use short, aphoristic, evocative statements. In contrast, a Shastra is typically longer, with more detail and explanations. An example of a Sutra is
782:
2159:
Ludwik
Sternbach (1973), Subhashita – A forgotten chapter in the histories of Sanskrit literature, in Indologica Taurinensia, Torino, Vol I, pages 169–254
1453: with: Read hidden edit comment by clicking edit, expand by adding one-liner description of each listed item, expand the list, etc. You can help by
1815:
Alex
Comfort and Charles Fowkes (1993), The Illustrated Koka Shastra: Medieval Indian Writings on Love Based on the Kama Sutra, Simon & Schuster,
1299:) was the first Indian legal text introduced to the western world through the translation of Sir William Jones in 1794. (...) All the editions of the
1365:(literally "binding thread") denotes a type of literary composition distinct from Shastra. In Sanskrit, "sutra" typically referred to one or more
1802:
832:
word that means "precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatise" in a general sense. The word is generally used as a suffix in the
1929:
English
Translation: Winthrop Sargeant (2009), The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press,
1303:, except for Jolly's, reproduce the text as found in the manuscript containing the commentary of Kulluka. I have called this as the "
2063:
Gaborieau, Marc (June 1985). "From Al-Beruni to Jinnah: Idiom, Ritual and
Ideology of the Hindu-Muslim Confrontation in South Asia".
955:
literature, the word referred to any precept, rule, teaching, ritual instruction or direction. In late and post Vedic literature of
775:
2143:
Olle
Quarnström (2002), The Yogaśāstra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth Century Handbook of Śvetāmbara Jainism, Harvard University Press,
1842:
Amritlal
Savchand Gopani (1989), The Yoga Shastra of Hemchandracharya: A 12th Century Guide to Jain Yoga, Prakrit Bharti Academy,
2097:
Pollock, Sheldon, From
Discourse of Ritual to Discourse of Power in Sanskrit Culture, Journal of Ritual Studies 4:2, 1990, 315-45
1990:
Patrick Olivelle (2013), King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra, Oxford UK: Oxford University Press,
1102:
and Brihaspati who disagreed that the Vedas are a treatise of knowledge, proposing relativism instead, in the following passage:
2252:
2221:
2111:
1283:, credited with a 2005 translation of Manu Dharma-sastra, published by the Oxford University Press, states the concerns in
3875:
1307:
version". It was Kulluka's version that has been translated repeatedly: Jones (1794), Burnell (1884), Buhler (1886) and
768:
2198:
James Lochtefeld (2002), "Dharma Shastras" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing,
2173:
2148:
2131:
2012:
1995:
1978:
1934:
1820:
1775:
2916:
537:
2203:
1958:
1703:
3748:
3736:
3267:
1361:
Sutras are another genre of Indian texts that emerged in the 1st millennium BCE, particularly after the 600 BCE.
850:, meaning scientific and basic knowledge on a particular subject. Examples in terms of modern neologisms include
3854:
3565:
2017:
Steven Collins (1993), The discourse of what is primary, Journal of Indian philosophy, Volume 21, pages 301–393
1698:
James Lochtefeld (2002), "Shastra" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing,
505:
3694:
2168:
John Bowker (2012), The Message and the Book: Sacred Texts of the World's Religions, Yale University Press,
3743:
3758:
1683:
493:
1858:
3785:
3277:
2854:
2310:
2283:
1070:
The term is found in several passages of the Rigveda (2nd millennium BCE), such as in hymn VIII.33.16.
731:
532:
3805:
2731:
2245:
2384:
3599:
3257:
3181:
2887:
2669:
2644:
810:
656:
651:
216:
196:
2419:
1287:
scholarship about the presumed authenticity and reliability of manuscripts as follows (abridged):
3880:
3435:
3295:
2966:
2506:
2449:
1678:
754:
636:
587:
3330:
1559:
3778:
3731:
2941:
2664:
1582:
1490:
1028:, a "shastra" is often a commentary written at a later date to explain an earlier scripture or
927:, reflecting a misunderstanding of the IAST symbol 'ś', which corresponds to the English 'sh'.
562:
356:
221:
2230:
1899:
1454:
1392:
Shastras and Sutras are among the numerous other genres of literature that have survived from
3800:
3753:
3726:
3689:
2946:
2036:
Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I. (August 2000). "Living with Difference in India".
567:
468:
3262:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3684:
3161:
2654:
2639:
2291:
2238:
1644:
1098:
The Maitri Upanishad (mid to late 1st millennium BCE), similarly, mentions the materialist
951:"Shastra" commonly refers to a treatise or text on a specific field of knowledge. In early
641:
206:
163:
36:
836:
literature context, for technical or specialized knowledge in a defined area of practice.
8:
3823:
3790:
3669:
3560:
3495:
3345:
3204:
3084:
2956:
2784:
2721:
2674:
577:
177:
73:
2473:
2333:
263:
3625:
3584:
2876:
2689:
2634:
2080:
1831:
547:
273:
240:
158:
2849:
2824:
1477:
1382:
3840:
3834:
3714:
3704:
3570:
3505:
2898:
2839:
2694:
2684:
2199:
2169:
2144:
2127:
2107:
2008:
1991:
1974:
1954:
1930:
1843:
1816:
1771:
1749:
1699:
1619:
1587:
1564:
824:
801:
646:
616:
582:
520:
361:
245:
235:
3305:
2355:
3575:
3485:
3376:
2976:
2971:
2936:
2911:
2797:
2754:
2441:
2301:
2106:
Doniger, Wendy, The Hindus, An Alternative History, Oxford University Press, 2010,
2072:
2045:
1739:
1319:
1280:
1119:
721:
671:
592:
557:
385:
366:
351:
303:
2759:
2007:
Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press,
308:
3844:
3709:
3662:
3644:
3594:
3528:
3510:
3453:
3403:
3222:
3126:
2999:
2961:
2931:
2769:
2659:
2498:
2491:
2338:
1624:
1614:
1553:
1518:
1011:
890:
711:
691:
666:
390:
318:
211:
2424:
3679:
3615:
3458:
2802:
2679:
2649:
2484:
1569:
1496:
1397:
701:
481:
201:
182:
20:
2348:
2049:
3869:
3795:
3699:
3478:
3252:
2990:
2881:
2792:
2726:
2123:
1753:
1719:
1598:
1547:
1541:
1530:
1484:
1393:
1308:
1128:
880:
716:
706:
681:
676:
631:
444:
420:
410:
405:
395:
380:
346:
268:
3350:
3315:
3212:
2829:
2126:(2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press,
1609:
1328:
1050:
Shastra is sometimes the root of compounded Sanskrit words. A custodian of
900:
686:
621:
542:
439:
434:
415:
400:
1744:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1239:
1217:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1136:
910:
901:
891:
881:
872:
863:
854:
3657:
3490:
3418:
3408:
3320:
3310:
3285:
2926:
2921:
2812:
2606:
2590:
2533:
2468:
2404:
2071:(3). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 7–14.
1927:मिदमुक्तं मयानघ । एतद्बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान्स्यात्कृतकृत्यश्च भारत ॥ १५-२०॥;
1847:
1592:
1524:
1378:
862:
572:
552:
500:
454:
449:
106:
44:
1879:
nor mine, but in another's he delights,The man who brought us unto this.
1442:
939:
literally means "that which has been instructed/decreed", from the root
3555:
3523:
3468:
3325:
3034:
2871:
2844:
2626:
2399:
2084:
1603:
1425:
1405:
1332:
1296:
1284:
1107:बृहस्पतिर्वै शुक्रो भूत्वेन्द्रस्याभयायासुरेभ्यः क्षयायेमामविद्यामसृजत्
847:
726:
148:
135:
1973:
Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press,
1377:(considered a classic Hindu treatise), while an example of Shastra is
3674:
3463:
3413:
3386:
3335:
3300:
3290:
3242:
3141:
3109:
3054:
2951:
2906:
2580:
2209:
1767:
1723:
1535:
1374:
1370:
1366:
696:
626:
527:
101:
2076:
3719:
3538:
3533:
3423:
3360:
3340:
3171:
3007:
2834:
2807:
2774:
2716:
2616:
2611:
2585:
2510:
2394:
2266:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1409:
1099:
1059:
1040:
1025:
956:
829:
488:
323:
130:
125:
96:
52:
24:
2548:
62:
3620:
3473:
3391:
3381:
3156:
3146:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3059:
3044:
3039:
2819:
2764:
2749:
2741:
2708:
2575:
2478:
2453:
2429:
2328:
2318:
1883:
1417:
1413:
1304:
1229:
1087:
1036:
661:
336:
313:
298:
291:
120:
91:
2414:
2270:
3652:
3630:
3443:
3396:
3355:
3237:
3227:
3166:
3074:
3017:
3012:
2866:
2553:
2389:
2375:
2360:
2260:
1911:
1677:
Monier Williams, Monier Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary,
1648:
1514:
1493:, early 20th-century, sanskrit text on "science of aeronautics"
1421:
1340:
993:
980:
736:
67:
3548:
3543:
3247:
3217:
3151:
3131:
3069:
3049:
3022:
2861:
2563:
2463:
2409:
2365:
2343:
1401:
1356:
1224:
1029:
1017:
999:
974:
952:
833:
609:
84:
1095:
In this Rigvedic verse, the term means rule or instruction.
3589:
3518:
3500:
3448:
3232:
3176:
3136:
3096:
3079:
3064:
3029:
2458:
2370:
1386:
1188:
uses the term to refer to astronomical treatises. The term
987:
968:
1969:
1967:
2262:
2026:
Keay, John, India, A History, New York, Grove Press, 2000
1766:
JDM Derrett (1973), Geschichte, Volume 1, Series Editor:
2323:
1964:
1951:
Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
1832:
The Unification of Wisdom and Compassion Dr. Yutang Lin
1694:
1692:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
815:
1947:
Explorations in the Early History of the Dharmaśāstra
1127:
The term is found in other Upanishads as well as in
2524:
2220:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFPatrick_Olivelle1999 (
1689:
1664:
1789:"Knowledge-Net of Amarakosha (अमरकोश-ज्ञान-जालम्)"
1327:The literature of late 1st millennium BCE such as
1043:. An example of Jaina Shastra is the 12th-century
3867:
2215:
1505:theological texts, and refers to the treatises (
1131:such as in verses 15.20, 16.23–16.24, and 17.1.
1065:
1894:
1892:
2035:
1273:
1109:तया शिवमशिवमित्युद्दिशन्त्यशिवं शिवमिति वेदादि
2246:
1714:
1712:
776:
1889:
1431:
897:'science of mechanical arts and sculpture',
2253:
2239:
1709:
1020:-shastra (theatre & dance) and others.
783:
769:
2062:
1743:
1738:(1). Society for Military History: 9–37.
907:'science of politics and economics', and
16:Sanskrit term for precepts and treatises
1718:
915:'compendium of ethics or right policy'.
3868:
1953:, New York: Oxford Unuiversity Press,
1728:on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India"
1237:(etymology). An early use of the term
2234:
1233:(1.2, 14), where the reference is to
823:
1437:
1381:'s Yogasastra (considered a classic
1343:for Muslims and Manu's code of law.
1245:with reference to the literature on
3850:
1902:, Oxford University Press, page 342
1869:
1859:disctionary meaning of Shastradhari
13:
943:which means "instruction/decree".
14:
3892:
842:has a similar meaning to English
3849:
3839:
3830:
3829:
3818:
2523:
2269:
2261:
1441:
1045:Yoga Shastra of Hemchandracharya
1039:, the term means the same as in
51:
3819:
2192:
2179:
2162:
2153:
2137:
2117:
2100:
2091:
2056:
2029:
2020:
2001:
1984:
1939:
1917:
1905:
1863:
1852:
1732:The Journal of Military History
1651:and digests that have survived.
1638:
1606:(mahayana uttaratantra shastra)
1538:(mahayana uttaratantra shastra)
3744:Relations with other religions
1836:
1825:
1809:
1795:
1781:
1760:
946:
1:
1803:"शासना at Spokensanskrit.org"
1658:
1180:use the term. Similarly, the
1142:(11.36; 14.30) uses the term
1066:References in the early texts
2187:History of the Dharmaśāstras
1005:Alamkara-shastra (rhetoric),
930:
7:
1575:
1487:(treatises on architecture)
1322:, Manu's Code of Law (2005)
1274:Chronology and authenticity
1266:
1259:
1252:
1240:
1218:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1137:
1113:हिंसकधर्माभिध्यानमस्त्विति
911:
902:
892:
882:
873:
864:
855:
816:
10:
3897:
3876:Sanskrit words and phrases
1560:Mahayana Buddhist Shastras
1354:
1263:, who uses the expression
45:Hindu scriptures and texts
18:
3816:
3643:
3608:
3434:
3369:
3276:
3203:
3196:
3095:
2998:
2989:
2897:
2783:
2740:
2707:
2625:
2599:
2571:
2562:
2541:
2532:
2521:
2440:
2309:
2300:
2279:
2050:10.1111/1467-923X.71.s1.4
1521:studies in the Vedic era.
1081:यो अस्मान्वीर आनयत् ॥१६॥
1054:, for example, is called
805:
2888:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1981:, pages 353–354, 356–382
1884:Rig Veda ऋग्वेदः मण्डल ८
1631:
1432:Major shastras by topics
1350:
1008:Kavya-shastra (poetics),
923:is sometimes spelled as
887:'architectural science',
2967:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2038:The Political Quarterly
1923:Sanskrit: इति गुह्यतमं
1679:Oxford University Press
1400:. Other genres include
919:In Western literature,
755:Timeline of Hindu texts
588:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2942:Eighteen Greater Texts
1325:
1125:
1093:
563:Eighteen Greater Texts
3695:Hindu gurus and sants
2947:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2218:, pp. xxiii–xxv.
2216:Patrick Olivelle 1999
1949:in P. Olivelle (ed.)
1945:Olivelle, P. (2006).
1745:10.1353/jmh.2003.0006
1289:
1104:
1072:
568:Eighteen Lesser Texts
3685:Anti-Hindu sentiment
2044:(s1). Wiley: 20–38.
1912:Maitri Upanishad 7.9
1900:Maitri Upanishad 7.9
1645:Pandurang Vaman Kane
19:For other uses, see
3791:Hinduism by country
2957:Iraiyanar Akapporul
2917:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1544:, financial affairs
1385:treatise), both on
578:Iraiyanar Akapporul
538:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
284:Related Hindu texts
2065:Anthropology Today
1138:Ṛigvedaprātiśākhya
3863:
3862:
3639:
3638:
3192:
3191:
2985:
2984:
2899:Sangam literature
2855:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
2703:
2702:
2519:
2518:
2112:978-0-19-959334-7
1620:Samudrika Shastra
1583:Vaimānika Shāstra
1565:Samudrika Shastra
1550:, performing arts
1501:These a genre of
1491:Vaimānika Shāstra
1471:
1470:
1014:-shastra (music),
825:[ɕaːstrɐ]
814:
793:
792:
583:Abhirami Anthadhi
521:Sangam literature
374:Vaishnava puranas
3888:
3853:
3852:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3822:
3821:
3732:Pilgrimage sites
3486:Ganesh Chaturthi
3201:
3200:
2996:
2995:
2977:Vedarthasamgraha
2972:Vinayagar Agaval
2937:Five Great Epics
2912:Divya Prabandham
2825:Minor Upanishads
2569:
2568:
2539:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2307:
2306:
2273:
2265:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2207:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2135:
2121:
2115:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1971:
1962:
1943:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1882:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1722:(January 2003).
1716:
1707:
1696:
1687:
1675:
1652:
1642:
1478:List of Shastras
1466:
1463:
1445:
1438:
1323:
1320:Patrick Olivelle
1281:Patrick Olivelle
1269:
1262:
1255:
1249:is found in the
1243:
1221:
1210:
1202:
1196:, refers to the
1194:
1192:vedāṅgaśāstrāṇām
1186:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1146:to refer to the
1140:
1123:
1120:Maitri Upanishad
1091:
1079:अन्यस्य रण्यति ।
1075:नहि षस्तव नो मम
1062:: शास्त्रधारी).
914:
905:
895:
885:
876:
867:
858:
846:, e.g. ecology,
827:
822:
819:
809:
807:
785:
778:
771:
722:Gheranda Samhita
672:Sushruta Samhita
593:Vinayagar Agaval
558:Five Great Epics
533:Divya Prabandham
464:
430:
376:
258:Other scriptures
231:
192:
173:
116:
55:
32:
31:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3826:
3812:
3635:
3604:
3595:Vasant Panchami
3529:Pahela Baishakh
3511:Makar Sankranti
3430:
3365:
3272:
3188:
3091:
2981:
2962:Abhirami Antati
2932:Kamba Ramayanam
2893:
2779:
2736:
2699:
2621:
2595:
2558:
2528:
2515:
2499:Vishishtadvaita
2436:
2296:
2275:
2259:
2229:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:, pages 191–192
2197:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2176:, pages 179–180
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2142:
2138:
2122:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2077:10.2307/3033123
2061:
2057:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1965:
1944:
1940:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1875:Neither in thy
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1765:
1761:
1717:
1710:
1697:
1690:
1676:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:Shilpa Shastras
1615:Mahayana sutras
1578:
1554:Surya Siddantha
1519:Kalpa (Vedanga)
1500:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1451:needs expansion
1434:
1383:Svetambara Jain
1359:
1353:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1276:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1068:
949:
933:
820:
789:
760:
759:
750:
742:
741:
692:Divya Prabandha
667:Charaka Samhita
652:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
612:
598:
597:
553:Kamba Ramayanam
528:Saiva Tirumurai
523:
513:
512:
484:
474:
473:
460:
426:
372:
339:
329:
328:
294:
279:
278:
259:
251:
250:
227:
188:
169:
151:
141:
140:
112:
87:
70:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3881:Sanskrit texts
3878:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3837:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3459:Raksha Bandhan
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Shvetashvatara
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2645:Brihadaranyaka
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2542:Classification
2536:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2208:
2191:
2178:
2174:978-0300179293
2161:
2152:
2149:978-0674009349
2136:
2134:, page 205-206
2132:978-0195644418
2116:
2099:
2090:
2055:
2028:
2019:
2013:978-0520018983
2000:
1996:978-0199891825
1983:
1979:978-0195171464
1963:
1938:
1935:978-0873958318
1916:
1904:
1888:
1862:
1851:
1835:
1824:
1821:978-0684839813
1808:
1794:
1780:
1776:978-9004037403
1759:
1720:Boesche, Roger
1708:
1688:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1596:
1595:(Kama Shastra)
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:Shilpa Shastra
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1527:(Kama Shastra)
1522:
1497:Dharma Shastra
1494:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1468:
1448:
1446:
1433:
1430:
1398:medieval India
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1316:
1275:
1272:
1223:" is found in
1184:Vedāṅgajyotiṣa
1116:
1105:
1084:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1003:
997:
991:
984:
978:
972:
948:
945:
932:
929:
917:
916:
908:
898:
888:
878:
870:
860:
856:bhautikaśāstra
791:
790:
788:
787:
780:
773:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
702:Ramcharitmanas
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
662:Pramana Sutras
659:
654:
649:
644:
642:Mimamsa Sutras
639:
637:Samkhya Sutras
634:
629:
624:
619:
617:Dharma Shastra
613:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
498:
497:
496:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
469:Devi Bhagavata
462:Shakta puranas
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
428:Shaiva puranas
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
370:
369:
364:
359:
357:Brahmavaivarta
354:
349:
342:Brahma puranas
340:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
295:
290:
289:
286:
285:
281:
280:
277:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
225:
224:
219:
217:Shvetashvatara
214:
209:
204:
199:
197:Brihadaranyaka
186:
185:
180:
167:
166:
161:
152:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
88:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
71:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
21:Shastra (film)
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3893:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3815:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:Hindu temples
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Hindu studies
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Denominations
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3479:Vijayadashami
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Simantonayana
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:Yoga Vasistha
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Bhagavad Gita
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2732:Sthapatyaveda
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2223:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2204:0-8239-2287-1
2201:
2195:
2189:Vol. 1 p. 304
2188:
2182:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:Arvind Sharma
2120:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1998:, pages 30–32
1997:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:0-19-568935-6
1956:
1952:
1948:
1942:
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1778:, pages 34–36
1777:
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1704:0-8239-2287-1
1701:
1695:
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1681:, Article on
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1599:Yoga Vasistha
1597:
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1584:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
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1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:Natya Shastra
1546:
1543:
1542:Artha Shastra
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Yoga Vasistha
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:Vastu Shastra
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1449:This section
1447:
1444:
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1429:
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1415:
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1129:Bhagavad Gita
1121:
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1101:
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717:Shiva Samhita
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:Yoga Vasistha
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Vastu Shastra
680:
678:
677:Natya Shastra
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665:
663:
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658:
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650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:Brahma Sutras
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:Artha Shastra
620:
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611:
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411:Varaha Purana
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229:Atharva vedic
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26:
22:
3806:Architecture
3409:Brahmacharya
3351:Samavartanam
3316:Annaprashana
3182:
3085:
2886:
2840:Dharmaśāstra
2830:Arthashastra
2665:Maitrayaniya
2497:
2490:
2483:
2405:Brahmacharya
2211:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2164:
2155:
2139:
2119:
2102:
2093:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2022:
2003:
1986:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1924:
1919:
1907:
1898:Max Muller,
1876:
1874:
1865:
1854:
1838:
1827:
1811:
1797:
1783:
1762:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1724:"Kautilya's
1682:
1640:
1610:Arthashastra
1588:Dharmaśāstra
1472:
1459:
1455:adding to it
1450:
1435:
1391:
1362:
1360:
1345:
1337:
1329:Arthashastra
1326:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1277:
1267:dharmaśāstra
1264:
1250:
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1238:
1234:
1228:
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1056:Shastradhari
1055:
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1034:
1023:
960:
950:
940:
936:
934:
924:
920:
918:
869:'chemistry',
843:
839:
838:
796:
795:
794:
687:Panchatantra
647:Nyāya Sūtras
605:
543:Thiruppugazh
461:
459:
427:
425:
373:
371:
341:
228:
226:
189:
187:
170:
168:
153:
113:
111:
29:
3855:WikiProject
3727:Persecution
3715:Nationalism
3705:Iconography
3585:Ratha Yatra
3496:Janmashtami
3491:Rama Navami
3419:Vanaprastha
3370:Varnashrama
3346:Ritushuddhi
3331:Vidyarambha
3321:Chudakarana
3311:Nishkramana
3286:Garbhadhana
2927:Thirukkural
2922:Thiruppugal
2850:Nāradasmṛti
2813:Mahabharata
2591:Atharvaveda
2469:Vaisheshika
2356:Puruṣārthas
2185:Kane, P.V.
1726:Arthaśāstra
1593:Kamashastra
1556:, astronomy
1525:Kamashastra
1426:Subhashitas
1379:Hemachandra
1154:tradition.
1150:prātiśākhya
947:Terminology
903:arthaśāstra
893:śilpaśāstra
883:vāstuśāstra
732:Vedantasara
657:Yoga Sutras
573:Aathichoodi
506:Historicity
501:Mahabharata
494:Historicity
190:Yajur vedic
107:Atharvaveda
3870:Categories
3556:Kumbh Mela
3524:Gudi Padwa
3469:Durga Puja
3454:Shivaratri
3326:Karnavedha
3306:Namakarana
3268:Tirthatana
3035:Dattatreya
2872:Subhashita
2845:Manusmriti
2722:Dhanurveda
2655:Taittiriya
2640:Kaushitaki
2627:Upanishads
2400:Aparigraha
2302:Philosophy
2015:, page 77;
1914:Wikisource
1886:Wikisource
1706:, page 626
1659:References
1604:Mokshopaya
1406:Upanishads
1375:Yogasutras
1333:South Asia
1297:Manusmriti
1285:postmodern
1215:The term "
1176:Aṣṭādhyāyī
912:nītiśāstra
877:'biology',
874:jīvaśāstra
865:rasaśāstra
859:'physics',
848:psychology
821:pronounced
727:Panchadasi
712:Swara yoga
548:Tirukkuṟaḷ
362:Markandeya
207:Taittiriya
171:Sama vedic
164:Kaushitaki
149:Upanishads
136:Upanishads
3779:Theosophy
3710:Mythology
3690:Criticism
3658:Etymology
3616:Svādhyāya
3515:New Year
3464:Navaratri
3436:Festivals
3414:Grihastha
3387:Kshatriya
3361:Antyeshti
3336:Upanayana
3301:Jatakarma
3291:Pumsavana
3278:Sanskaras
3243:Naivedhya
3197:Practices
3142:Mahavidya
3110:Saraswati
3097:Goddesses
3055:Kartikeya
2952:Athichudi
2907:Tirumurai
2760:Vyākaraṇa
2727:Natyaveda
2675:Chandogya
2600:Divisions
2581:Yajurveda
1770:, Brill,
1768:Jan Gonda
1754:0899-3718
1536:Moksopaya
1371:Patanjali
1367:aphorisms
1260:Kātyāyana
1163:Patañjali
1157:Kātyāyana
1100:Charvakas
1090:8.33.16,
1002:-shastra,
996:-shastra,
990:-shastra,
986:Koka- or
983:-shastra,
977:-shastra,
971:-shastra,
935:The word
931:Etymology
811:romanized
697:Tirumurai
627:Kamasutra
386:Bhagavata
367:Bhavishya
352:Brahmānda
309:Vyakarana
178:Chandogya
154:Rig vedic
114:Divisions
102:Yajurveda
3835:Category
3786:Glossary
3754:Buddhism
3720:Hindutva
3680:Calendar
3561:Haridwar
3539:Vaisakhi
3534:Puthandu
3424:Sannyasa
3341:Keshanta
3172:Shashthi
3008:Trimurti
2835:Nitisara
2808:Ramayana
2803:Itihasas
2775:Jyotisha
2717:Ayurveda
2709:Upavedas
2690:Mandukya
2635:Aitareya
2617:Aranyaka
2612:Brahmana
2586:Samaveda
2511:Charvaka
2311:Concepts
2292:Timeline
2284:Glossary
2267:Hinduism
1873: "
1848:21760707
1576:See also
1511:Hinduism
1503:Sanskrit
1462:May 2020
1410:Vedangas
1317:—
1253:vārttika
1117:—
1085:—
1077:शास्त्रे
1060:Sanskrit
1041:Hinduism
1026:Buddhism
957:Hinduism
830:Sanskrit
802:Sanskrit
749:Timeline
606:Shastras
489:Ramayana
391:Naradiya
324:Jyotisha
292:Vedangas
241:Mandukya
159:Aitareya
131:Aranyaka
126:Brahmana
97:Samaveda
37:a series
35:Part of
25:Shaastra
3824:Outline
3774:Sikhism
3769:Judaism
3764:Jainism
3645:Related
3621:Namaste
3474:Ramlila
3404:Ashrama
3392:Vaishya
3382:Brahmin
3205:Worship
3157:Rukmini
3147:Matrika
3120:Parvati
3115:Lakshmi
3105:Tridevi
3060:Krishna
3045:Hanuman
3040:Ganesha
2991:Deities
2877:Tantras
2867:Stotras
2820:Puranas
2765:Nirukta
2755:Chandas
2750:Shiksha
2742:Vedanga
2695:Prashna
2685:Mundaka
2607:Samhita
2576:Rigveda
2507:Nāstika
2492:Advaita
2479:Vedanta
2474:Mīmāṃsā
2454:Samkhya
2442:Schools
2430:Akrodha
2349:Saṃsāra
2329:Ishvara
2319:Brahman
2085:3033123
1961:, p.169
1925:शास्त्र
1870:transl.
1507:śāstras
1422:Bhasyas
1418:Puranas
1414:Itihasa
1394:ancient
1309:Doniger
1305:vulgate
1235:Nirukta
1230:Nirukta
1208:Vedāṅga
1204:of the
1144:Shastra
1111:शास्त्र
1088:Rigveda
1052:Shastra
1037:Jainism
1012:Sangita
961:Shastra
921:Shastra
840:Shastra
828:) is a
813::
806:शास्त्र
797:Shastra
482:Itihasa
337:Puranas
314:Nirukta
304:Chandas
299:Shiksha
274:Tantras
246:Prashna
236:Mundaka
121:Samhita
92:Rigveda
3845:Portal
3749:Baháʼí
3653:Hindus
3631:Tilaka
3600:Others
3576:Ujjain
3571:Prayag
3566:Nashik
3506:Pongal
3444:Diwali
3397:Shudra
3356:Vivaha
3263:Dhyāna
3238:Bhajan
3228:Bhakti
3213:Temple
3167:Shakti
3075:Varuna
3018:Vishnu
3013:Brahma
2862:Sutras
2798:Agamas
2554:Smriti
2485:Dvaita
2450:Āstika
2395:Asteya
2390:Ahimsa
2376:Moksha
2361:Dharma
2274:topics
2202:
2172:
2147:
2130:
2110:
2083:
2011:
1994:
1977:
1957:
1933:
1877:decree
1846:
1819:
1774:
1752:
1702:
1684:zAstra
1649:bhasya
1515:dharma
1424:, and
1341:Sharia
1247:dharma
1241:śāstra
1219:śāstra
1200:śāstra
1169:Pāṇini
994:Moksha
981:Dharma
941:Śāsana
937:Śāstra
925:Sastra
834:Indian
817:Śāstra
737:Stotra
610:sutras
445:Skanda
421:Matsya
406:Vamana
396:Garuda
381:Vishnu
347:Brahma
264:Agamas
222:Maitri
68:Smriti
63:Shruti
3759:Islam
3737:India
3626:Bindi
3609:Other
3549:Ugadi
3544:Vishu
3377:Varna
3258:Tapas
3248:Yajna
3218:Murti
3152:Radha
3132:Durga
3127:Bhumi
3070:Surya
3050:Indra
3023:Shiva
2785:Other
2770:Kalpa
2660:Katha
2564:Vedas
2549:Śruti
2534:Texts
2464:Nyaya
2420:Damah
2410:Satya
2366:Artha
2344:Karma
2334:Atman
2288:Index
2081:JSTOR
1632:Notes
1509:) of
1402:Vedas
1363:Sutra
1357:Sutra
1351:Sutra
1225:Yaska
1122:7.9,
1030:sutra
1018:Natya
1000:Artha
975:Nyaya
953:Vedic
844:-logy
440:Linga
435:Shiva
416:Kurma
401:Padma
319:Kalpa
212:Katha
85:Vedas
3801:List
3663:List
3590:Teej
3519:Bihu
3501:Onam
3449:Holi
3253:Homa
3233:Japa
3223:Puja
3183:more
3177:Sita
3162:Sati
3137:Kali
3086:more
3080:Vayu
3065:Rama
3030:Agni
3000:Gods
2680:Kena
2650:Isha
2459:Yoga
2425:Dayā
2415:Dāna
2385:Niti
2371:Kama
2339:Maya
2222:help
2200:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2009:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1931:ISBN
1844:OCLC
1817:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1750:ISSN
1700:ISBN
1396:and
1387:yoga
1291:The
1166:and
1134:The
988:Kama
969:Yoga
608:and
455:Agni
450:Vayu
202:Isha
183:Kena
74:List
23:and
3675:Law
2114:pbk
2073:doi
2046:doi
1740:doi
1513:on
1457:.
1373:'s
1301:MDh
1293:MDh
1257:of
1227:'s
1212:s.
1172:'s
1035:In
1024:In
3872::
2509::
2452::
2324:Om
2079:.
2067:.
2042:71
2040:.
1966:^
1891:^
1748:.
1736:67
1734:.
1730:.
1711:^
1691:^
1666:^
1428:.
1420:,
1416:,
1412:,
1408:,
1404:,
1389:.
1335:.
1160:,
1047:.
959:,
808:,
804::
39:on
2254:e
2247:t
2240:v
2224:)
2087:.
2075::
2069:1
2052:.
2048::
1881:"
1805:.
1791:.
1756:.
1742::
1499::
1464:)
1460:(
1295:(
1058:(
800:(
784:e
777:t
770:v
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
