32:
2613:
Problems with unperformed side effect statements can be easily solved with proper programming style, i.e., not using side effects in boolean statements, as using values with side effects in evaluations tends to generally make the code opaque and error-prone.
380:
in the case A ⧠C , the second expression requires B to be defined, the first one does not. Because the conditional connectives thus complicate the formal reasoning about programs, they are better avoided.
468:, where short-circuit operators may return the last evaluated subexpression. This is called "last value" in the table below. For a strictly-typed language, the expression is simplified to
217:
in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the
3075:
2547:
Despite these benefits, minimal evaluation may cause problems for programmers who do not realize (or forget) it is happening. For example, in the code
649:
As you look at the table below, keep in mind that bitwise operators often do not behave exactly like logical operators, even if both arguments are of
518:
in many languages, this is not a universal property of short-circuit evaluation. An example of the two operators taking the same precedence and being
2070:
2154:
languages that supported CASE statements did so by using the conditional evaluation system, rather than as jump tables limited to fixed labels.
181:
2334:
Both are illustrated in the following C snippet where minimal evaluation prevents both null pointer dereference and excess memory fetches:
2858:
2834:
96:
641:. A result is that non-short-circuiting operators can be defined out of short-circuit logic to have the same sequence of evaluation.
68:
49:
2822:
2634:. Some compilers can detect such cases and emit faster code, but programming language semantics may constrain such optimizations.
2630:(CPUs), and dramatically reduce performance. A notable example is highly optimized ray with axis aligned box intersection code in
2964:
75:
3004:
82:
2326:
It permits a construct where the first expression guarantees a condition without which the second expression may cause a
2973:
2775:
206:
174:
115:
64:
3065:
3060:
1203:
986:
310:
53:
1894:
1666:
1520:
1468:
1395:
1359:
1143:
1115:
2689:
3070:
1327:
1303:
1243:
167:
3009:
2957:
2882:
2638:
2607:
2319:
If the first sub-expression checks whether an expensive computation is needed and the check evaluates to
1730:
1694:
1387:
1231:
282:(XOR), it is impossible to short-circuit, because both operands are always needed to determine a result.
269:
249:
2610:, have two operators, one that employs minimal evaluation and one that does not, to avoid this problem.
2929:"Java: What are the cases in which it is better to use unconditional AND (& instead of &&)"
1391:
1038:
805:
758:
265:
276:), both short-circuit and standard Boolean operators are available. For some Boolean operations, like
89:
2903:
2642:
1199:
408:
2749:
2172:
1239:
1071:
890:
298:
457:
The generalized definition above accommodates loosely typed languages that have more than the two
2989:
2984:
2627:
42:
2950:
2458:, a number of coding idioms rely on it as a succinct conditional construct. Examples include:
2631:
2455:
2057:
Fortran operators are neither short-circuit nor eager: the language specification allows the
2738:
2727:
3029:
2020:
214:
2761:
2454:
Since minimal evaluation is part of an operator's semantic definition and not an optional
638:
8:
2677:
511:
294:
131:
3034:
3024:
2994:
2708:
2673:
2654:
385:
340:" for short â are ... less innocent than they might seem at first sight. For instance,
261:
210:
145:
20:
2623:
2085:
1862:
866:
397:
In any programming language that implements short-circuit evaluation, the expression
286:
273:
150:
1998:
The bitwise operators behave like boolean operators when both arguments are of type
1919:
718:
519:
2606:
will not execute, which could cause problems. Some programming languages, such as
637:
Short-circuit logic, with or without side-effects, have been formalized based on
290:
245:
140:
2048:. Expressions in static initializers or manifest constants use eager evaluation.
3039:
2799:
2327:
306:
2231:// ensures that calculating num/denom never results in divide-by-zero error
3054:
2999:
2542:
2707:
Bergstra, Jan A.; Ponse, A.; Staudt, D.J.C. (2010). "Short-circuit logic".
1890:
278:
2501:
2441:// 1) no unneeded isalpha() execution with p == NULL, 2) no SEGFAULT risk
2166:
2123:
2089:
1833:
1786:
1616:
894:
523:
458:
305:), where side effects are important, short-circuit operators introduce a
644:
2928:
2617:
1641:
1271:
328:
The use of short-circuit operators has been criticized as problematic:
529:
The following simple left-to-right evaluator enforces a precedence of
2676:"On a somewhat disappointing correspondence", EWD1009-0, 25 May 1987
2594:
is supposed to perform some required operation regardless of whether
1758:
31:
3014:
2142:. The entries in the table show how it works for Beckhoff TwinCATÂŽ.
2093:
2058:
1444:
786:
314:
2713:
2105:
Smalltalk uses short-circuit semantics as long as the argument to
2323:, one can eliminate expensive computation in the second argument.
2134:
use short-circuit evaluation and it doesn't define the operators
1171:
257:
2942:
664:
In JavaScript, each of the following 3 expressions evaluates to
2637:
An example of a compiler unable to optimize for such a case is
1808:
1235:
2728:
ISO/IEC 9899 standard, sections 6.2.5, 6.3.1.2, 6.5 and 7.16.
2151:
1492:
1419:
1207:
946:
309:: they completely evaluate the first argument, including any
302:
2092:
default to short circuit evaluation. This may be changed by
2461:
1548:
733:
253:
2904:"Referential Transparency, Definiteness and Unfoldability"
2543:
Untested second condition leads to unperformed side effect
2315:. This feature permits two useful programming constructs.
2303:
In this example, short-circuit evaluation guarantees that
1584:
842:
686:
In PHP, each of the following 3 expressions evaluates to
289:
rather than simple arithmetic operators, as they are not
2598:
is executed, such as allocating system resources, and
2167:
Avoiding undesired side effects of the second argument
313:, before (optionally) processing the second argument.
645:
Support in common programming and scripting languages
2618:
Reduced efficiency due to constraining optimizations
2040:
This only applies to runtime-evaluated expressions,
2706:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3076:Implementation of functional programming languages
2449:
3052:
2073:allows, but does not require, short-circuiting.
2958:
175:
2481:# Abort execution if some_condition is false
2096:options but does not seem to be used widely.
693:(true & true) === (true && true)
671:(true & true) === (true && true)
2496:# Abort execution if some_condition is true
1989:ABAP and APL have no distinct boolean type.
732:Advanced Business Application Programming (
2965:
2951:
2381:// SEGFAULT highly possible with p == NULL
1985:
1983:
182:
168:
2926:
2712:
2099:
2081:
2079:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2823:ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.10.1, section 7.1.4
2776:"operators - Documentation for Ruby 3.3"
2064:
1992:
325:short-circuit operators and procedures.
285:Short-circuit operators are, in effect,
2859:"Beckhoff Information System - English"
2835:"Beckhoff Information System - English"
2622:Short-circuiting can lead to errors in
2116:
2051:
1980:
710:Boolean operators in various languages
3053:
2076:
2061:to select the method for optimization.
2946:
2739:ISO/IEC 9899 standard, section 6.5.13
2525:"some_module not installed"
2145:
229:; and when the first argument of the
2537:
676:(false | false) === (false || false)
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
498:respectively for the boolean case.
13:
2071:ISO/IEC 10206:1990 Extended Pascal
2031:are eager and can return any type.
2013:
14:
3087:
2972:
2927:Wasserman, Louis (11 July 2012).
2516:"some_module installed"
2307:is never called. This is because
2034:
2342:is_first_char_valid_alpha_unsafe
2239:Consider the following example:
703:(1 & 2) === (1 && 2)
681:(1 & 2) === (1 && 2)
632:
30:
2920:
2896:
2875:
2851:
2827:
2816:
2792:
2768:
2754:
2450:Idiomatic conditional construct
332:The conditional connectives â "
41:needs additional citations for
2743:
2732:
2721:
2700:
2682:
2667:
244:In programming languages with
16:Programming language construct
1:
2660:
2161:
1895:Visual Basic for Applications
501:
392:
2883:"What does || mean in bash?"
2762:"OCaml - the OCaml language"
237:, the overall value must be
225:, the overall value must be
7:
2648:
2126:doesn't actually define if
791:and, &, ⧠; or, â¨
209:) is the semantics of some
10:
3092:
1039:ColdFusion Markup Language
264:short-circuit. In others (
65:"Short-circuit evaluation"
18:
2980:
2602:evaluates as false, then
2530:This idiom presumes that
2390:is_first_char_valid_alpha
538:
534:
530:
515:
507:
344:does not distribute over
2690:"Shell Command Language"
2628:central processing units
2549:
2506:
2466:
2336:
2241:
2177:
2002:or take only the values
526:'s command-list syntax.
454:is only evaluated once.
195:Short-circuit evaluation
156:Short-circuit evaluation
19:Not to be confused with
2985:Artificial intelligence
2750:ISO/IEC IS 14882 draft.
2643:Hotspot virtual machine
2171:Usual example, using a
724:Short-circuit operators
3066:Conditional constructs
3061:Compiler optimizations
409:conditional expression
390:
233:function evaluates to
221:function evaluates to
2508:modprobe-qsome_module
425:, and the expression
407:is equivalent to the
330:
215:programming languages
132:Evaluation strategies
3030:McCarthy 91 function
2863:infosys.beckhoff.com
2839:infosys.beckhoff.com
698:(0 | 0) === (0 || 0)
593:= False
547:short-circuit-eval (
50:improve this article
3071:Evaluation strategy
3020:McCarthy evaluation
2885:. stackexchange.com
1832:Beckhoff TwinCATÂŽ (
1644:Scripting Language
1106:), opnd-dependent (
1025:), opnd-dependent (
977:), opnd-dependent (
937:), opnd-dependent (
796:(both user defined)
711:
639:Hoare's conditional
607:= True
589:= "AND" &&
522:with each other is
295:imperative language
203:McCarthy evaluation
3035:Situation calculus
3025:McCarthy Formalism
3005:Garbage collection
2995:Dartmouth workshop
2780:docs.ruby-lang.org
2694:pubs.opengroup.org
2674:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2109:is a block (e.g.,
1636:Last value (exit)
709:
603:= "OR" &&
562: := True
450:. In either case,
386:Edsger W. Dijkstra
287:control structures
199:minimal evaluation
146:Partial evaluation
21:Short-circuit test
3048:
3047:
2804:doc.rust-lang.org
2800:"std::ops - Rust"
2645:(VM) as of 2012.
2624:branch prediction
2538:Possible problems
1976:
1975:
1863:Visual Basic .NET
657:or Boolean type.
435:is equivalent to
262:Boolean operators
211:Boolean operators
192:
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151:Remote evaluation
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2023:, the operators
2017:
2011:
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1920:Wolfram Language
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520:left-associative
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2990:Circumscription
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2655:Don't-care term
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2110:
2106:
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2084:
2077:
2069:
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2018:
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1619:(command list)
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297:terms (notably
246:lazy evaluation
238:
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141:Lazy evaluation
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59:
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24:
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11:
5:
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3040:Space fountain
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2933:Stack Overflow
2919:
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2767:
2753:
2742:
2731:
2720:
2699:
2681:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2619:
2616:
2596:do_something()
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2507:
2484:some_condition
2469:some_condition
2467:
2451:
2448:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2328:run-time error
2324:
2242:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2115:
2098:
2075:
2063:
2050:
2033:
2012:
1991:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1706:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1083:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1015:
998:
989:
983:
982:
967:
954:
949:
943:
942:
919:
906:
897:
887:
886:
883:
874:
869:
863:
862:
859:
850:
845:
839:
838:
835:
826:
808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
789:
783:
782:
779:
770:
761:
755:
754:
751:
742:
737:
729:
728:
725:
722:
716:
707:
706:
684:
646:
643:
634:
631:
543:
503:
500:
394:
391:
382:
378:
377:
307:sequence point
190:
189:
187:
186:
179:
172:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
135:
134:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3088:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Frame problem
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2974:John McCarthy
2968:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2905:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2819:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2724:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2548:
2535:
2534:cannot fail.
2505:
2503:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2311:evaluates to
2240:
2176:
2174:
2153:
2148:
2125:
2119:
2102:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2046:static assert
2037:
2022:
2016:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1097:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1016:
999:
990:
988:
985:
984:
968:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
920:
907:
898:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
860:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
827:
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
771:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
743:
741:
738:
735:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
685:
663:
662:
661:
658:
642:
640:
633:Formalization
629:
626:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
606:
602:
599:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
527:
525:
521:
513:
499:
496:
492:
488:
481:
477:
473:
460:
455:
453:
448:
444:
440:
433:
429:
423:
419:
415:
410:
405:
401:
387:
381:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260:), the usual
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
216:
212:
208:
207:John McCarthy
204:
200:
196:
185:
180:
178:
173:
171:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
137:
136:
133:
130:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: â
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3019:
2932:
2922:
2911:. Retrieved
2898:
2887:. Retrieved
2877:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2818:
2807:. Retrieved
2803:
2794:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:
2770:
2756:
2745:
2734:
2723:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2669:
2636:
2621:
2612:
2589:
2579:do_something
2546:
2529:
2500:
2460:
2456:optimization
2453:
2333:
2320:
2312:
2302:
2292:do_something
2238:
2170:
2147:
2118:
2101:
2066:
2053:
2036:
2015:
1994:
1967:
1925:And @@ {...}
1891:Visual Basic
1813:
1647:
1622:
1589:
1473:
1449:
1434:
1400:
1332:
1308:
1276:
1212:
1044:
951:
871:
847:
825:(nor), etc.
795:
739:
727:Result type
659:
648:
636:
627:
624:
621:
617:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
528:
505:
494:
490:
486:
479:
475:
471:
459:truth-values
456:
451:
446:
442:
438:
431:
427:
421:
417:
413:
403:
399:
396:
379:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
345:
341:
337:
333:
331:
327:
323:user-defined
322:
318:
311:side effects
284:
279:exclusive or
277:
243:
202:
198:
194:
193:
155:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2632:ray tracing
2600:expressionA
2558:expressionA
2502:POSIX shell
2309:a != 0
2124:IEC 61131-3
2111:false and:
2090:Free Pascal
1929:Or @@ {...}
1910:Select Case
1834:IEC 61131-3
1787:Standard ML
1725:Last value
1689:Last value
1617:POSIX shell
1579:Last value
1414:Last value
1354:Last value
1322:Last value
1298:Last value
1286:&&=
895:Objective-C
794:andf , orf
582:):
524:POSIX shell
321:to achieve
319:proceduring
106:August 2013
3055:Categories
2913:2013-08-24
2889:2019-01-09
2868:2021-08-16
2844:2021-08-16
2809:2019-02-12
2785:2024-04-02
2661:References
2626:on modern
2561:&&
2510:&&
2426:&&
2274:&&
2210:&&
2175:language:
2162:Common use
2025:&&
2021:overloaded
1942:&&
1745:&&
1709:&&
1642:PowerShell
1628:&&
1595:&&
1563:&&
1507:&&
1374:&&
1346:&&
1314:&&
1282:&&
1272:JavaScript
1258:&&
1218:&&
1100:&&
1086:&&
1058:&&
1019:&&
1001:&&
971:&&
957:&&
931:&&
909:&&
877:&&
853:&&
660:Examples:
512:precedence
502:Precedence
393:Definition
348:: compare
76:newspapers
2714:1010.3674
2678:full text
2604:myfunc(b)
2592:myfunc(b)
2305:myfunc(b)
2122:The norm
2042:static if
1791:UnÂknown
1759:Smalltalk
1098:Boolean (
1017:Boolean (
969:Boolean (
721:operators
620: :=
576:operators
549:operators
506:Although
3015:ALGOL 60
2909:. Itu.dk
2649:See also
2504:idioms:
2464:idioms:
2136:AND_THEN
2094:compiler
2059:compiler
1972:Boolean
1950:Boolean
1914:Numeric
1885:Boolean
1857:Boolean
1849:AND_THEN
1827:Boolean
1803:Boolean
1781:Boolean
1753:Boolean
1661:Boolean
1611:Boolean
1543:Boolean
1535:and_then
1515:Boolean
1487:Boolean
1463:Boolean
1445:Modula-2
1439:Numeric
1382:Boolean
1266:Boolean
1226:Boolean
1194:Boolean
1166:Boolean
1138:Boolean
1130:and then
1066:Boolean
885:Boolean
861:Boolean
837:Boolean
821:(nand),
800:Boolean
787:ALGOL 68
781:Boolean
773:and then
753:Boolean
715:Language
595:continue
564:for each
545:function
539:continue
383:â
315:ALGOL 68
213:in some
2429:isalpha
2369:isalpha
2173:C-based
2140:OR_ELSE
1877:AndAlso
1853:OR_ELSE
1795:andalso
1539:or_else
1204:Haskell
1172:Fortran
1158:andalso
1134:or else
1041:(CFML)
777:or else
598:else if
336:" and "
258:Haskell
205:(after
90:scholar
2564:myfunc
2414:return
2366:return
2277:myfunc
2086:Delphi
1897:(VBA)
1881:OrElse
1809:TTCN-3
1799:orelse
1667:Python
1521:Pascal
1469:Oberon
1396:Scheme
1360:Kotlin
1236:MATLAB
1162:orelse
1144:Erlang
1116:Eiffel
829::AndIf
628:result
625:return
618:result
612:result
609:return
605:result
591:result
580:values
574:) in (
560:result
555:)
553:values
510:takes
291:strict
274:Delphi
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2907:(PDF)
2709:arXiv
2396:const
2348:const
2321:false
2313:false
2219:denom
2201:denom
2183:denom
2152:BASIC
2019:When
1959:&
1764:&
1736:&
1700:&
1672:&
1554:&
1493:OCaml
1479:&
1426:&
1420:MUMPS
1328:Lasso
1304:Julia
1249:&
1244:Swift
1208:OCaml
1186:.and.
1177:.and.
1077:&
992:&
923:&
921:int (
900:&
833::OrIf
719:Eager
688:false
666:false
537:by a
533:over
514:over
493:else
489:then
480:false
478:else
474:then
466:False
445:else
441:then
420:else
416:then
317:used
293:. In
227:false
223:false
201:, or
97:JSTOR
83:books
3010:Lisp
2639:Java
2608:Java
2532:echo
2522:echo
2513:echo
2462:Perl
2423:NULL
2399:char
2387:bool
2351:char
2339:bool
2138:and
2130:and
2107:and:
2088:and
2044:and
2027:and
2000:bool
1968:none
1955:ZTT
1814:none
1773:and:
1731:Rust
1695:Ruby
1653:-and
1648:none
1623:none
1590:none
1549:Perl
1498:land
1474:none
1450:none
1435:none
1422:(M)
1401:none
1388:Lisp
1333:none
1309:none
1277:none
1232:Java
1213:none
1190:.or.
1181:.or.
1045:none
952:none
872:none
867:Bash
848:none
740:none
734:ABAP
615:else
491:true
483:and
464:and
462:True
402:and
370:cand
362:with
354:cand
346:cand
334:cand
301:and
270:Java
254:Perl
250:Lisp
239:true
235:true
69:news
2641:'s
2590:if
2582:();
2490:die
2487:and
2475:die
2295:();
2244:int
2228:...
2213:num
2180:int
2128:AND
2006:or
1934:And
1901:And
1868:And
1840:AND
1819:and
1777:or:
1713:and
1681:and
1657:-or
1599:and
1585:PHP
1567:and
1526:and
1502:lor
1455:AND
1406:and
1392:Lua
1365:and
1338:and
1294:||=
1149:and
1121:and
1050:AND
947:C++
843:awk
806:APL
764:and
759:Ada
745:and
622:val
572:val
557:let
531:AND
508:AND
485:if
470:if
437:if
430:or
412:if
376:C);
374:cor
372:(B
368:C)
366:cor
364:(A
358:cor
356:B)
352:(A
342:cor
338:cor
303:C++
266:Ada
219:AND
52:by
3057::
2931:.
2861:.
2837:.
2802:.
2778:.
2692:.
2573:))
2552:if
2519:||
2472:or
2438:);
2420:!=
2378:);
2286:))
2268:!=
2259:if
2204:!=
2195:if
2132:OR
2113:).
2078:^
2029:||
1982:^
1961:,
1946:||
1944:,
1940:,
1938:Or
1936:,
1927:,
1905:Or
1903:,
1893:,
1879:,
1872:Or
1870:,
1851:,
1844:OR
1842:,
1836:)
1823:or
1821:,
1797:,
1775:,
1766:,
1749:||
1747:,
1738:,
1721:or
1719:,
1717:||
1715:,
1711:,
1702:,
1685:or
1683:,
1674:,
1655:,
1632:||
1630:,
1607:or
1605:,
1603:||
1601:,
1597:,
1575:or
1573:,
1571:||
1569:,
1565:,
1556:,
1537:,
1530:or
1528:,
1511:||
1509:,
1500:,
1483:OR
1481:,
1459:OR
1457:,
1428:,
1410:or
1408:,
1394:,
1390:,
1378:||
1376:,
1369:or
1367:,
1350:||
1348:,
1344:,
1342:or
1340:,
1318:||
1316:,
1292:,
1290:||
1288:,
1284:,
1262:||
1260:,
1251:,
1242:,
1238:,
1234:,
1222:||
1220:,
1206:,
1202:,
1200:Go
1188:,
1179:,
1160:,
1153:or
1151:,
1132:,
1125:or
1123:,
1110:)
1104:||
1092:,
1090:||
1088:,
1079:,
1062:||
1060:,
1056:,
1054:OR
1052:,
1033:)
1031:??
1029:,
1023:||
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