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2889:. As is typical in romance fiction, couples depicted in these stories often must overcome obstacles that are emotional or psychological rather than physical. Akiko Mizoguchi notes that while early stories depicted homosexuality as a source of shame to heighten dramatic tension in this regard, beginning in the mid-2000s the genre began to depict gay identity with greater sensitivity and nuance, with series such as
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3466:
340:
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40:
1336:
2318:(imaginary couples) who are designed to be paired together by Thai BL's predominantly female fans. For cultural anthropologist Thomas Baudinette, BL series produced in Thailand represent the next stage in the historic development of BL, which is increasingly becoming "dislocated" from Japan among international fans' understanding of the genre.
2936:, while earlier works in the genre focused "more on the homosexual way of life from a realistic perspective", over time the genre has become less realistic and more comedic, and the stories are "simply for entertainment". BL manga often have fantastical, historical or futuristic settings, and many fans consider the genre to be
4650:". While early approaches to the popularity of the genre often referred to the role of women in patriarchal Japanese society, to which the genre offers a resistance and escape, this approach has been rejected by others who note that BL and BL-like media became popular outside of Japan in other social circumstances, such as
4488:
approximately ten percent of the broader
English-speaking BL readership were male. Lunsing suggests that younger Japanese gay men who are offended by "pornographic" content in gay men's magazines may prefer to read BL instead. Some gay men, however, are put off by the feminine art style or unrealistic depictions of
2925:(2016–2018) and other BL television dramas that emerged in the 2010s as a "'missing link' to bridge the gap between BL fiction and gay people," arguing that when BL narratives are presented using human actors, it produces a "subconscious change in the perception of viewers" towards acceptance of homosexuality.
4638:
populating the genre were a backlash against male sex fantasies of a feminized ideal of adolescent girls, that the genre offered a safe space for sexual fantasies with the free choice of identification figure in the relationship, and that the male characters in BL are interpreted by female readers as
3798:
manga published in North
America between 2003 and 2006, 14% were rated for readers aged 13 years or over, 39% were rated for readers aged 15 or older, and 47% were rated for readers age 18 and up. Restrictions among American booksellers often led publishers to label books conservatively, often rating
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and muscular body types. Critics and commentators have noted that this shift in preferences among BL readers, and subsequent creation of works that feature characteristics of both BL and gay manga, represents a blurring of the distinctions between the genres; anthropologist Thomas
Baudinette notes in
4440:
rating, removing some of both the sexual and the violent content. Compared to BL manga, fewer BL games have been officially translated into
English; the lack of interest by publishers in licensing further titles has been attributed to widespread copyright infringement of both licensed and unlicensed
3098:
were more common; when tragic endings are shown, the cause is typically not an interpersonal conflict between the couple, but "the cruel and intrusive demands of an uncompromising outside world". Thorn theorizes that depictions of tragedy and abuse in BL exist to allow the audience "to come to terms
2808:
Historically, female characters had minor roles in BL, or were absent altogether. Suzuki notes that mothers in particular are often portrayed in a negative light; she suggests this is because the character and reader alike are seeking to substitute the absence of unconditional maternal love with the
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role even if he is not presented as feminine, simply by being juxtaposed against and pursued by a more dominant and masculine character. Anal sex is ubiquitous in BL, and is typically rendered explicitly and not merely implied; Zanghellini notes that illustrations of anal sex almost always position
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often features references to literature, history, science, and philosophy; Suzuki describes the genre as being "pedantic" and "difficult to understand", with "philosophical and abstract musings" that challenged young readers who were often only able to understand the references and deeper themes as
4823:
years in prison under laws prohibiting the production of "obscene material for profit". Hu, Ge and Wang summarise the trajectory of consorship over danmei from 2004 to the present, and suggest that the
Chinese party-state has endeavoured to boost a discourse as regard danmei hatred in particular
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as indicating that for
Japanese gay and lesbian readers, BL is not as far removed from reality as heterosexual female readers like to claim. Welker has also written that boys' love titles liberate the female audience "not just from patriarchy, but from gender dualism and heteronormativity".
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Although the genre is marketed to and consumed primarily by girls and women, there is a gay, bisexual, and heterosexual male readership as well. A 2007 survey of BL readers among patrons of a United States library found about one quarter of respondents were male; two online surveys found
3066:
A 2012 survey of
English-language BL fans found that just 15 percent of respondents reported that the presence of rape in BL media made them uncomfortable, as the majority of respondents could distinguish between the "fantasy, genre-driven rape" of BL and rape as a crime in reality. This
3715:, it is important to understand the subtle differences between them. Levi notes that "the youthful teen look that so easily translates into androgyny in boys' love manga, and allows for so many layered interpretations of sex and gender, is much harder for slash writers to achieve."
4226:
in 2018. Thai BL dramas are noted as having gained popularity in
Indonesia, where LGBT representation in domestic television is less common; as well as in the Philippines, where many fans view BL as an originally Thai form of popular culture. The coming-of-age BL series,
2310:. Thai Series Y explicitly adapts the content of Japanese BL to the Thai local context and in recent years has become increasingly popular with fans around the world who often view Thai BL as separate to its Japanese antecedents. Thai BL also deliberately borrows from
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represented a "watershed moment" in the depiction of queer romance in Thai media, exploring how the series adapted tropes from
Japanese BL to create a new genre of media. While Japanese BL manga attracted an audience in Thailand as early as the 1990s, the success of
3020:
While
Japanese society often shuns or looks down upon women who are raped in reality, the BL genre depicts men who are raped as still "imbued with innocence" and are typically still loved by their rapists after the act, a trope that may have originated with
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are the most common generic terms for this kind of media, they specifically avoid attempts at defining subgenres, noting that the differences between them are ill-defined and that even when differentiated, the subgenres "remain thematically intertwined."
6321:
Matsui, Midori. (1993) "Little girls were little boys: Displaced Femininity in the representation of homosexuality in Japanese girls' comics," in Gunew, S. and Yeatman, A. (eds.) Feminism and The Politics of Difference, pp. 177–196. Halifax:
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is understood as a means of expressing commitment to a partner, and in BL, the "apparent violence" of rape is transformed into a "measure of passion". Rape scenes in BL are rarely presented as crimes with an assaulter and a victim: scenes where a
2961:(postmodern) ones." In 2019, BL manga magazine editors have stated that stories where a man is concerned about coming out as gay have become uncommon and the trope can be seen as outdated if used as a source of conflict between the characters.
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Multiple terms exist to describe Japanese and Japanese-influenced male-male romance fiction as a genre. In a 2015 survey of professional Japanese male-male romance fiction writers by Kazuko Suzuki, five primary subgenres were identified:
269:
mainstream manga and anime by depicting male characters from popular series in sexual scenarios. "Boys' love" was later adopted by Japanese publications in the 1990s as an umbrella term for male-male romance media marketed to women.
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in the West for Japanese-influenced comics with male-male relationships, and was preferentially used by American manga publishers for works of this kind due to the belief that the term term "boys' love" carries the implication of
3638:" any male-male pairing, sometimes pairing off a favourite character, or create a story about two original male characters and incorporate established characters into the story. Any male character may become the subject of a BL
3071:, which found that just 13 percent of all original Japanese BL available commercially in English contains depictions of rape. These findings are argued as "possibly belying the perception that rape is almost ubiquitous in BL/
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fans were using the term to describe fiction by both amateur and professional writers published in those magazines, as well as to designate literature with themes of homoeroticism and implied homosexuality by authors such as
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McHarry, Mark (2011). "Girls Doing Boys Doing Boys: Boys' Love, Masculinity and Sexual Identities". In Perper, Timothy and Martha Cornog (Eds.) Mangatopia: Essays on Anime and Manga in the Modern World. New York: ABC-Clio.
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in the 2010s is regarded as a driving force behind the production of BL dramas across Asia, as online distribution provides a platform for media containing non-heterosexual material, which is frequently not permitted on
2948:
expressed skepticism that realistic depictions of gay men's lives would become common in BL "because girls like fiction more than realism". Alan Williams argues that the lack of a gay identity in BL is due to BL being
2850:
of the genre's largely female readership. He suggests that the decline of these misogynistic representations over time is evidence that authors and readers "overcame this hate, possibly thanks to their involvement with
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in the west. Against this background, theories emphasizing pleasure gained support: BL could be compared to pornography or even considered a specifically female form of pornography, appealing to desires for eroticism,
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to portray both lovers as "equally attractive handsome men", or will subvert expectations of dominance by depicting the active pursuer in the relationship as taking the passive role during sex. In other cases, the
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rather than towards a general audience. When these works were adapted for a general audience, same-sex romance elements were typically downplayed or removed entirely, as in the live-action television adaption of
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included boys' love manga among with other books deemed potentially "harmful to minors" due to its sexual content, which resulted in several magazines prohibited from being sold to people under 18 years of age.
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in historic European settings. Though these works were nominally aimed at an audience of adolescent girls and young women, they also attracted adult gay and lesbian readers. During this same period, the first
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in South Korea. The unexpected success of the series introduced the BL genre to the mainstream South Korean audience, which subsequently resulted in a rising production of South Korean BL dramas and films.
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of male-male romance scenarios performed by primarily male voice actors. They are typically adaptations of original BL manga and novels. The first BL audio dramas were released in the 1980s, beginning with
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BL works, culture, and fandom have been studied and discussed by scholars and journalists worldwide, especially after translations of BL became commercially available outside Japan in the 21st century. In
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have stated that, with the growth of BL artists in Taiwan and South Korea, they have recruited and published several of their works in Japan with expectations that the BL manga industry will diversify.
265:("no climax, no point, no meaning"), where it was used in a self-deprecating manner to refer to amateur fan works that focused on sex to the exclusion of plot and character development, and that often
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manga, introducing a greater diversity of themes and subject material to the genre that drew inspiration from by Japanese and European literature, cinema, and history. Members of the group, including
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is often depicted as restrained, physically powerful, and protective; he is generally older and taller, with a stronger chin, shorter hair, smaller eyes, and a more stereotypically masculine and "
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10393:
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1257:
In Suzuki's investigation of these subgenres, she notes that "there is no appropriate and convenient Japanese shorthand term to embrace all subgenres of male-male love fiction by and for women."
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recognizing, and taking responsibility for, his sexual desires. Where the uke is raped by a third party, the relationship is shown to be emotionally supportive. Conversely, some stories such as
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is entertainment for women that does not seek to be a realistic depiction of homosexuality, and instead serves as a refuge from the misogyny of Japanese society. The scholarly debate that the
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summarized the dominant theories for the popularity of BL with a female audience: that Japanese women were disillusioned or bored with classic male-female relationships in fiction, that the
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manga" was occasionally used in the 1970s, but fell out of use by the 1990s as works in this genre began to feature a broader range of protagonists beyond the traditional adolescent boys.
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below). Though "boys' love" and "BL" have become the generic terms for this material across Asia, in Thailand, BL dramas are sometimes referred to as "Y" or "Y series" as a shorthand for
307:
or passive pursued. BL has a robust global presence, having spread since the 1990s through international licensing and distribution, as well as through unlicensed circulation of works by
4824:
since 2021 as exemplifed in the ban of danmei-adapted web dramas and media representation of male effeminacy in September 2021. Zanghellini notes that due to the "characteristics of the
4603:
that was the first substantial English-language work on manga, Schodt observes that portrayals of gay male relationships had used and further developed bisexual themes already extant in
1319:
to denote only works with explicit scenes sometimes clashes with the Western use of the word to describe the genre as a whole, creating confusion between Japanese and Western audiences.
13824:
4667:
fiction as a teen because she could not enjoy "conventional pornography, which had been made for men", and that she had found a "limitless freedom" in BL, much like in science fiction.
1247:
Despite attempts by researchers to codify differences between these subgenres, in practice these terms are used interchangeably. Kazumi Nagaike and Tomoko Aoyama note that while BL and
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9843:
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is an original series, it influenced the creation of live-action BL works adapted from manga that are marketed towards mass audiences; notable examples include the television dramas
8850:
4050:
in 2001. The development of Japanese live-action television dramas that focus on BL and same-sex romance themes explicitly was spurred by the critical and commercial success of the
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5489:
9544:
9052:
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In the mid-1990s, estimates of the size of the Japanese BL fandom ranged from 100,000 to 500,000 people. By April 2005, a search for non-Japanese websites resulted in 785,000
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engendered led to the formation of the field of "BL studies", which focus on the study of BL and the relationship between women and BL. It additionally impacted creators of
2637:. Aleardo Zanghellini suggests that the martial arts terms have special significance to a Japanese audience, as an archetype of the gay male relationship in Japan includes
1104:
first published in 1978, the term was originally used to describe works that resembled the art style of manga published in that magazine. It has also been used to describe
13264:
7415:
4624:
Mizoguchi, writing in 2003, feels that BL is a "female-gendered space", as the writers, readers, artists and most of the editors of BL are female. BL has been compared to
7568:
4794:
to remove BL works from circulation attracted national media attention, and promoted a debate over removal of BL works constituted a form of discrimination. In 2010, the
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13287:
13277:
13272:
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4126:. While creating Tunku, Azuma stated that she noticed that prejudice against boys' love has dwindled, and that many people have seemed to accept the genre as "normal".
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had several male contributors, while several female BL authors have contributed stories to BDSM-themed gay manga anthologies or special issues, occasionally under male
1761:, publishers sought to exploit the market by creating magazines devoted to the genre. Young female illustrators cemented themselves in the manga industry by publishing
9433:
3204:
trappings of heterosexual pornography, gay manga is primarily an expression of gay male identity. The early 2000s saw a degree of overlap between BL and gay manga in
1524:
inspired the creation of manga that depicted realistic human relationships, and opened the way for manga that explored human sexuality in a non-pornographic context.
9218:
6840:
5851:
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8199:
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as a term and concept predates male-male romance manga that emerged in the 1970s, having originated to describe erotic highbrow literary fiction by authors such as
7844:
7015:
1168:, which translates to "no climax, no point, no meaning". Initially used by artists as a self-deprecating and ironic euphemism, the portmanteau refers to how early
6892:
4774:
BL has been the subject of disputes on legal and moral grounds. Mark McLelland suggests that BL may become "a major battlefront for proponents and detractors of '
4737:
as akin to "girls playing with dolls". This is said to heighten the theme of all-conquering love, but is also condemned as a means of avoiding acknowledgement of
7050:"Creative Misreadings of "Thai BL" by a Filipino Fan Community: Dislocating Knowledge Production in Transnational Queer Fandoms Through Aspirational Consumption"
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10228:
13509:
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and in the 2010s became a subgenre of both commercial and non-commercial BL. Stories in the genre are premised on societies wherein humans are divided into a
17004:
13491:
13444:
9874:
9394:
9331:
8440:
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1243:. "BL" is the common term used to describe male-male romance media marketed to women in Japan and much of Asia, though its usage in the West is inconsistent.
1421:
13679:
8903:
8812:
1663:, the first commercially circulated gay men's magazine in Japan, was published in 1971, and served as a major influence on Takemiya and the development of
12184:
11963:
10304:
7361:
7191:
5263:
Naughty girls and gay male romance/porn : slash fiction, boys' love manga, and other works by Female "Cross-Voyeurs" in the U.S. Academic Discourses
1766:
11520:
10385:
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above). A trope of BL that has attracted criticism is male protagonists who do not identify as gay, but are rather simply in love with each other, with
4163:
kick-started the production of domestic BL dramas: between 2014 and 2020, 57 television series in the BL genre were produced and released in Thailand.
3533:
based on existing manga and anime, and were often written by teenagers for an adolescent audience. Several legitimate manga artists produce or produced
2641:. He suggests that the samurai archetype is responsible for age differences and hierarchical variations in power of some relationships portrayed in BL.
13244:
12315:
Suzuki, Kazuko (2015). "What can we learn from Japanese professional BL writers?: A sociological analysis of yaoi/BL terminology and classifications".
10623:
9663:
9251:
9200:
8584:
8161:
Kazumi, Nagaike (2003). "Perverse Sexualities, Perverse Desires: Representations of Female Fantasies and Yaoi Manga as Pornography Directed at Women".
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in its contemporary usage with BL is thus not universally accepted, as the genre constitutes material that marketed to both male and female audiences.
13259:
9517:
13532:
13504:
9705:
8752:
4150:(2014–2015), the first Thai television series to feature two gay characters as the lead roles. Cultural anthropologist Thomas Baudinette argues that
3367:
3192:
1777:
1232:
11462:
11247:
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launched as the first domestically-produced BL series in 2020. The BL genre didn't receive much traction in the country until 2022, when the series
13454:
10921:
4459:/BL studies," but acknowledges that "the overwhelming majority of BL readers are women." 80% of the BL audience is female, while the membership of
1890:
1771:
11048:
10677:
10108:
2953:, stating that "a common utterance in the genre—when a character claims that he is 'not gay, but just in love with a man'—has both homophobic (or
2915:
have the couple form a family unit, depicting them cohabiting and adopting children. It is also possible that they marry and have children, as in
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13331:
13005:
11185:
6357:
4782:
has said that "even in Japan, reading boys' love isn't something that parents encourage." In Thailand, the sale of unauthorized reproductions of
2815:
parodies based on existing works that include female characters, the female's role is typically either minimized or the character is killed off;
12032:
10898:
10270:
6992:
5389:
2724:
is often a source of playful teasing and sexual excitement for the characters, indicating an interest among many genre authors in exploring the
2021:
content in their offerings, which kickstarted the commercial publishing market of the genre. Between 1990 and 1995, thirty magazines devoted to
1230:
in an effort to collect these disparate genres under a single term, the term became widely popularized in 1994 after being used by the magazine
13459:
13311:
9063:
8603:
8250:
7132:
2343:
online fiction. In 2015, laws prohibiting depictions of same-sex relationships in television and film were implemented in China. The growth in
1796:
4613:
by distancing sex from their own bodies, as well as to create fluidity in perceptions of gender and sexuality and rejects "socially mandated"
17076:
13955:
13569:
12913:
11767:. (1993) "Unlikely Explorers: Alternative Narratives of Love, Sex, Gender, and Friendship in Japanese Girls' Comics." New York Conference on
7483:
6241:
4275:(2012) depicted a romance between its two lead male characters, though when it was adapted into a television drama on the streaming platform
2940:. Homophobia, when it is presented as an issue at all, is used as a plot device to heighten drama, or to show the purity of the leads' love.
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9308:
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291:; and depictions of rape. A defining characteristic of BL is the practice of pairing characters in relationships according to the roles of
10205:
8842:
7690:
4122:. The label was created to promote Japanese BL dramas based on existing BL novels and manga due to the growing popularity of BL caused by
2899:
and the characters' gradual acceptance within the wider community. BL typically depicts Japanese society as more accepting of LGBT people
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13612:
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11698:
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Other commentators have suggested that more radical gender-political issues underlie BL. Parallels have been noted in the popularity of
17486:
12964:
11364:
10652:
9029:
7953:
5232:
5121:
is not a BL series, it is often discussed in the context of live-action BL media as it focuses on a gay male couple and series creator
4595:
4484:
female readers. A 2008 survey of English-speaking readers of BL indicated that 50-60% of female readers self-identify as heterosexual.
2944:
has suggested that as BL is primarily a romance genre, its readers may be turned off by political themes such as homophobia. BL author
12691:
Ogi, Fusami (2001). "Beyond Shoujo, Blending Gender: Subverting the Homogendered World in Shoujo Manga (Japanese Comics for Girls)"".
12657:
Australia's proposed internet filtering system : its implications for animation, comic and gaming (ACG) and slash fan communities
9935:
2174:, while Hisako Takamatsu took into account the arguments of the genre's critics to create works more accommodating of a gay audience.
16997:
15524:
13638:
13527:
13326:
12755:
Welker, James (2011). "Flower Tribes and Female Desire: Complicating Early Female Consumption of Male Homosexuality in Shōjo Manga".
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Marketing was significant in the transnational travel of BL from Japan to the United States, and led to BL to attract a following of
2664:, who often has softer, androgynous, feminine features with bigger eyes and a smaller build, and is often physically weaker than the
2537:
his fieldwork that gay men in Japan "saw no need to sharply disassociate BL from when discussing their consumption of 'gay media'."
911:
404:
12405:
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in 2019, both of which similarly revise the nature of the relationship between the lead male characters. Consequently, fans of both
16312:
13517:
13369:
11788:
10734:
9805:
9457:"The International Yaoi Boys' Love Fandom and the Regulation of Virtual Child Pornography: The Implications of Current Legislation"
6379:
6273:
5452:"Eureka Discovers Culture Girls, Fujoshi, and BL: Essay Review of Three Issues of the Japanese Literary magazine, Yuriika (Eureka)"
4809:
novels on an online novel website were arrested in 2014. In 2018, the pseudonymous Chinese BL novel author Tianyi was sentenced to
1873:
in the 1980s began to depict older protagonists and adopted a realist style in both plot and artwork, as typified by manga such as
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as a "first step toward feminism". Kazuko Suzuki, for example, believes that the audience's aversion to or contempt for masculine
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In 2003, 3.8% of weekly Japanese manga magazines were dedicated exclusively to BL. Notable ongoing and defunct magazines include
10863:"The heteronormative frame in Chinese Yaoi: integrating female Chinese fan interviews with Sinophone and Anglophone survey data"
9988:
7423:
5451:
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manga to appeal to their female audience. Japanese critics have viewed BL as a genre that permits their audience to avoid adult
1468:, which follows the relationship between a professor and his younger male lover, is regarded as an influential precursor to the
17491:
17040:
15711:
13754:
13713:
13410:
13359:
13321:
13316:
13127:
10707:
7576:
7392:
11940:
11089:
1494:, and BL: western exoticism, educated and wealthy characters, significant age differences among couples, and fanciful or even
112:, though BL does also attract a male audience and can be produced by male creators. BL spans a wide range of media, including
14419:
13388:
13364:
12732:
Saito, Kumiko (2011) "Desire in Subtext: Gender, Fandom, and Women's Male-Male Homoerotic Parodies in Contemporary Japan" in
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7155:
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6152:
5608:
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Galbraith, Patrick W. (2011). "Fujoshi: Fantasy Play and Transgressive Intimacy among "Rotten Girls" in Contemporary Japan".
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writers to publish their works online, with a 2009 ordinance by the National Publishing Administration of China banning most
1416:
In the face of this legal and cultural shift, artists who depicted male homosexuality in their work typically did so through
399:
9574:
9552:
8933:
5806:
4436:; the later game, although already nonexplicit, was censored for US release to achieve a "mature" rather than "adults only"
4269:. In reaction to state censorship, Chinese BL works typically depict male-male romance as homoerotic subtext: the web novel
4237:
as the International Drama of the Year in 2021. It has been suggested that BL dramas could become a source of Thai cultural
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works typically focused on sex to the exclusion of plot and character development; it is also a subversive reference to the
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4140:(2007), which features a gay male romance storyline, found unexpected mainstream success upon its release and grossed over
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13381:
12473:
Aoyama, Tomoko (2013). "BL (Boys' Love) Literacy: Subversion, Resuscitation, and Transformation of the (Father's) Text".
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9623:"Choose Your Own Queer Erotic Adventure: Young Adults, Boy's Love Computer Games, and the Sexual Politics of Visual Play"
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4103:
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Since the late 2000s, women have appeared more frequently in BL works as supporting characters. Lunsing notes that early
10814:"Female-Oriented Male-Male Erotica: Comparison of the Engaged Anglophone Demographic and That of the Greater China Area"
8338:
7852:
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introduced new guidelines around material containing "sexually explicit or suggestive" scenes, while public broadcaster
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literature and pornography," and also published articles on homosexuality, literary fiction, illustrations, and amateur
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4287:
369:
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Akiko, Mizoguchi (2003). "Male-Male Romance by and for Women in Japan: A History and the Subgenres of Yaoi Fictions".
4265:(2016), the first Chinese BL web series, accumulated 10 million views before being pulled from the streaming platform
2928:
Although gay male characters are empowered in BL, the genre frequently does not address the reality of socio-cultural
2704:
Though McLelland notes that authors are typically "interested in exploring, not repudiating" the dynamics between the
2520:
The late 2010s saw the increasing popularity of masculine men in BL that are reminiscent of the body types typical in
2150:"disgusting women" who "have a perverse interest in sexual intercourse between men." A years-long debate ensued, with
108:
relationships between male characters. It is typically created by women for a female audience, distinguishing it from
13814:
13633:
12580:
12563:
12518:
12421:
12391:
12382:
Suzuki, Kazuko (1999). Inness, Sherrie (ed.). "Pornography or Therapy? Japanese Girls Creating the Yaoi Phenomenon".
12372:
12349:
12296:
11587:
11562:
11398:
11373:
9668:
9634:
8785:
8647:
8551:
8123:"Appropriating Yaoi and Boys Love in the Philippines: Conflict, Resistance and Imaginations Through and Beyond Japan"
8039:
7271:
5878:
5428:
5331:
4684:
narratives champion "the imagined potentialities of alternative differentiations", while James Welker described the
4114:
employee Kaoru Azuma established Tunku, Kadokawa's label for publishing live-action BL drama series, partnering with
3782:
3288:
2272:
575:
228:
11642:
11578:
Buckley, Sandra (1991). Penley, C.; Ross, A (eds.). "'Penguin in Bondage': A Graphic Tale of Japanese Comic Books".
7662:
5063:
of the number eight is "ya", zero can be read as "o" (a Western influence), while the short reading for one is "i".
4410:
oriented around male-male couples. The first BL game to receive an officially-licensed English-language release was
1520:
emerged in the late 1950s, which sought to use manga to tell serious and grounded stories aimed at adult audiences.
13831:
13664:
13376:
13122:
11389:
Ueno, Chizuko (1989). "Jendaaresu waarudo no "ai" no jikken" ("Experimenting with "love" in a Genderless World")".
7737:
5639:"Yaoi Ronsō: Discussing Depictions of Male Homosexuality in Japanese Girls' Comics, Gay Comics and Gay Pornography"
4839:
4234:
10146:
9456:
9402:
9341:
9119:
8513:
8448:
7627:
17451:
15876:
14956:
13809:
13659:
13537:
13216:
13163:
6050:
4222:
3887:
3517:
culture. Characteristic similarities of fan works in both Japan and the West include non-adherence to a standard
2524:, with growing emphasis on stories featuring muscular bodies and older characters. A 2017 survey by BL publisher
2061:
and "boys' love" (BL) came to be the most popular terms to describe works depicting male-male romance, eclipsing
1456:
contexts, who are defined by their "ambivalent passivity, fragility, ephemerality, and softness." The 1961 novel
12797:
12625:"Australia's 'Child-Abuse Materials' legislation, internet regulation and the juridification of the imagination"
12624:
12306:
Nagaike, Kazumi; Aoyama, Tomoko (2015). "What is Japanese "BL studies?": A historical and analytical overview".
11296:"Fudanshi ("Rotten Boys") in Asia: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Male Readings of BL and Concepts of Masculinity"
8911:
8820:
7445:
Baudinette, Thomas (1 April 2017). "Japanese gay men's attitudes towards 'gay manga' and the problem of genre".
7016:"[Recorded Lecture] Thailand's "Boys Love Machine": Producing "queer" idol fandom across Southeast Asia"
6957:"Lovesick, The Series: adapting Japanese 'Boys Love' to Thailand and the creation of a new genre of queer media"
5233:"Intersections: Review, Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre"
4259:
reports that such material is "deemed sensitive and is inconsistently but regularly removed" from distribution.
16739:
15085:
14896:
14348:
13935:
13669:
13189:
13049:
12949:
12656:
12214:
10296:
7353:
7296:
4496:, which some perceive to be more realistic. Lunsing notes that some of the BL narrative elements criticized by
2721:
12742:
8991:"Elegant Caucasians, Amorous Arabs, and Invisible Others: Signs and Images of Foreigners in Japanese BL Manga"
7181:
4500:, such as rape fantasies, misogyny, and characters' non-identification as gay, are also present in gay manga.
4348:
In the Philippines, BL television dramas gained popularity through the broadcast of foreign BL dramas such as
3741:
manga were published in the North American market in 2003; by 2006, there were roughly 130 English-translated
3590:
feature male-male pairings from non-romantic manga and anime. Much of the material derives from male-oriented
2886:
16495:
16222:
15839:
15147:
14691:
14514:
13654:
11528:
10756:
10326:
8097:
6713:"Intersections: Conflicting Discourses on Boys' Love and Subcultural Tactics in Mainland China and Hong Kong"
4378:
3886:
initially gained popularity in the United States in the early 2000s, several American artists began creating
1074:
in this context is primarily used to describe prose fiction, but has also been used for manga and visual art.
904:
526:
311:
online. BL works, culture, and fandom have been studied and discussed by scholars and journalists worldwide.
9687:
9282:
9197:
5876:
Wood, Andrea (2006). "Straight" Women, Queer Texts: Boy-Love Manga and the Rise of a Global Counterpublic".
2275:, but continued to grow slowly in the following years. South Korea saw the development of BL in the form of
304:
17461:
17286:
16878:
16110:
16085:
14936:
14916:
14072:
14045:
12934:
12903:
12872:
12413:
11997:"Regulation of pornography and criminalization of BL readers and authors in contemporary China (2010–2019)"
11053:
10926:
9606:
9529:
8373:
4709:
Some gay and lesbian commentators have criticized how gay identity is portrayed in BL, most notably in the
4087:
3840:
3296:
of dominant "alphas", neutral "betas", and submissive "omegas". These terms are derived from those used in
1869:
creators, and the genre increasingly depicted Japanese settings over western settings. Works influenced by
1801:
11496:
Shojo Manga Text-Bild-Verhältnisse und Narrationsstrategien im japanischen und deutschen Manga für Mädchen
11302:, Palgrave Studies in Comics and Graphic Novels, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 69–84,
9712:
9664:"Simulation and database society in Japanese roleplaying-game fandoms: Reading boys' love dojinshi online"
17476:
16640:
16212:
15765:
15630:
15319:
14647:
14116:
13739:
13590:
13211:
13103:
12939:
12812:
11477:
8504:"Editorial departments from three BL magazines talk about the future of BL - Forbidden love is outdated!"
7224:
5705:
4929:
4366:
2827:, a BL author, suggests that women are typically not depicted in BL as their presence adds an element of
2209:
came to affect the manga industry in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but did not particularly impact the
811:
296:
11225:
7905:
1409:(1868-1912), and moved towards hostile social attitudes towards homosexuality and the implementation of
17481:
17394:
16650:
16257:
16100:
14745:
14034:
13789:
12954:
12944:
12510:
10100:
4944:
4327:
4199:
3800:
2344:
1784:
1648:(1976-1984) by Takemiya. Works by these artists typically featured tragic romances between androgynous
1296:, a genre which also depicts gay male sexual relationships, but is written for and mostly by gay men.
864:
501:
17:
11199:
10515:
7715:
Nutzen und Gratifikation bei Boys' Love Manga Fujoshi oder verdorbene Mädchen in Japan und Deutschland
6349:
2525:
17466:
17081:
16660:
16217:
16172:
16080:
15458:
14901:
14861:
14412:
14197:
13841:
13674:
13153:
12959:
12882:
10601:
8960:
5397:
4643:
4032:
3404:
3361:
3343:
2047:
works that were published during this period were typically comedies rather than melodramas, such as
2017:
created by Ozaki that she adapted into an original work. By 1990, seven Japanese publishers included
758:
12406:"Girls And Women Getting Out Of Hand: The Pleasure And Politics Of Japan's Amateur Comics Community"
11606:
Welker, James (2006). "Beautiful, Borrowed, and Bent: 'Boys' Love' as Girls' Love in Shôjo Manga'".
10386:"Gay-themed drama is latest victim of China's drive to purge 'harmful and obscene' content from web"
8611:
8258:
7104:
5193:
Welker, James (2006). "Beautiful, Borrowed, and Bent: 'Boys' Love' as Girls' Love in Shôjo Manga'".
4212:
platform. The genre has seen some backlash from conservative elements in Thai society: in 2020, the
2903:, which Mizoguchi contends is a form of activism among BL authors. Some longer-form stories such as
1042:
17132:
17066:
16162:
15182:
15177:
15045:
14886:
14509:
13194:
12969:
11968:
11193:
10953:
Welker, James (2006). "Beautiful, Borrowed, and Bent: "Boys' Love" as Girls' Love in Shôjo Manga".
10922:"Anime, mon amour: forget Pokemon--Japanese animation explodes with gay, lesbian, and trans themes"
5730:
Zsila, Agnes; Pagliassotti, Dru; Orosz, Gabor; Demetrovics, Zsolt (2018). Chiesi, Francesca (ed.).
4934:
4762:
fans are discontented with "the standards of femininity to which they are expected to adhere and a
4350:
4308:
4182:
3949:
3821:
3766:
3758:
3484:
3308:
2387:
2378:
1937:
897:
429:
374:
16227:
12341:
12324:
12288:
12258:
11049:"Anime, mon amour: forget Pokémon—Japanese animation explodes with gay, lesbian, and trans themes"
10137:"Giving Back to the BL Genre! Behind the Scenes of KADOKAWA's Live-action BL Drama Studio "Tunku""
8376:(ed.). "Office Sluts and Rebel Flowers: The Pleasures of Japanese Pornographic Comics for Women".
7618:"He Loves Him, She Loves Them: Japanese comics about gay men are increasingly popular among women"
7480:
6251:
2676:
can alternatively be established by who is dominant in the relationship; a character can take the
2123:
in the late 1990s; the country subsequently outlawed the publishing and distribution of BL works.
2035:
manga magazines of this era. The manga in these magazines were influenced by realist stories like
1702:
to describe their creations ironically, emerged to describe amateur works that were influenced by
17324:
17096:
16152:
16030:
15482:
15286:
14489:
14460:
13132:
13083:
9316:
8955:
5600:
4296:
4229:
3699:
3090:
stories, particularly stories that ended in one or both members of the central couple dying from
2502:
2414:
1895:
1426:
1307:
is used to describe titles that primarily feature sexually explicit themes and subject material.
703:
364:
17436:
11017:
10775:
3799:
books originally intended for a mid-teen readership as 18+ and distributing them in shrinkwrap.
2396:
1541:(1969–1971), which eroticized its male protagonists and depicted male homosexuality in American
17496:
17408:
17127:
16424:
16372:
16237:
15958:
15750:
15559:
15431:
15264:
15167:
15152:
14946:
14834:
14011:
13871:
13732:
13113:
12857:
12805:
12594:
10597:"Boys' Love series 'Hello Stranger' starring Tony Labrusca, JC Alcantara to premiere next week"
10195:
8210:
7682:
7105:"Forbidden love: incest, generational conflict, and the erotics of power in Chinese BL fiction"
4949:
4873:
4795:
4610:
4455:
Suzuki notes that "demographic analyses of BL media are underdeveloped and thus much needed in
4427:
4412:
4321:
3852:
2891:
2492:
1360:
1303:
is sometimes used to describe titles that focus on romance over explicit sexual content, while
887:
716:
379:
12543:
Haggerty, George E. (2000). Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures. Taylor & Francis.
11706:
10455:
9622:
9089:
7995:
7319:
7156:"Conflicting Discourses on Boys' Love and Subcultural Tactics in Mainland China and Hong Kong"
6633:
6411:"Conflicting Discourses on Boys' Love and Subcultural Tactics in Mainland China and Hong Kong"
4696:
as playing a role in how she herself had become a lesbian. Dru Pagliassotti sees this and the
4008:
cassette". BL audio dramas proliferated beginning in the 1990s with the rise in popularity of
17230:
16608:
16167:
15809:
15699:
15356:
14109:
14104:
13184:
12838:
8134:
4489:
4271:
4261:
4146:
3996:
3826:
3650:
3540:
2911:
2134:(や お い 論争), a debate held primarily in a series of essays published in the feminist magazine
2081:
1960:
698:
638:
359:
17446:
16645:
12664:
11964:"Outcry as Chinese erotic writer jailed for more than 10 years over gay sex scenes in novel"
11294:
Nagaike, Kazumi (2019), Ogi, Fusami; Suter, Rebecca; Nagaike, Kazumi; Lent, John A. (eds.),
10487:[The theatrical version of the BL drama that caused a social phenomenon in South Korea,
10416:
7961:
7502:. ... In general, I'm going to say no. There is much less obsession with pursued/pursuer in
6145:
Writing the love of boys : origins of Bishōnen culture in modernist Japanese literature
5236:
3388:
manga magazines, as they include material considered too explicit for an all-ages audience;
3315:
elements and also draws influences from Omegaverse, particularly the use of a caste system.
3270:
in the early 1980s, the subgenre was later adopted by male readers and became influenced by
3063:
subvert the rape fantasy trope entirely by presenting rape as a negative and traumatic act.
16961:
16858:
16754:
16417:
16120:
15985:
15797:
15731:
15142:
15079:
15074:
14951:
14765:
14718:
14600:
14551:
14450:
14405:
14386:
14288:
13819:
13804:
13617:
13158:
13088:
12867:
12862:
7529:
Zanghellini, A. (2009). "Underage Sex and Romance in Japanese Homoerotic Manga and Anime".
7289:"The Beautiful Shōnen of the Deep and Moonless Night: The Boyish Aesthetic in Modern Japan"
6887:
5745:
4954:
4939:
4341:
4111:
3670:
3665:
3408:. A 2008 assessment estimated that the Japanese commercial BL market grossed approximately
3374:
2900:
2349:
70:
14226:
10352:
10049:, East Asian Popular Culture, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 286, 295,
3855:
BL material because they are unable or unwilling to obtain it through sanctioned methods.
3331:
2749:
roles are not strictly defined. Occasionally, authors will forego the stylisations of the
2027:
8:
16464:
16337:
16322:
16187:
16090:
16025:
15721:
15682:
15554:
15539:
15366:
15125:
14931:
14906:
14871:
14824:
13221:
13148:
12877:
12852:
12427:
11825:
11789:"Intersections: (A)cute Confusion: The Unpredictable Journey of Japanese Popular Culture"
11772:
10518:[The surprising success of ‘Semantic Error’... BL syndrome spreads through OTT].
10200:
9965:
9739:
8757:
6323:
5802:
5424:
4965:
4250:
4176:
3747:
works commercially available, and by 2007, over 10 publishers in North America published
3683:
3661:
3529:
were amateur publications that were not controlled by media restrictions, were typically
3518:
3293:
2847:
2576:
2487:
2410:
2271:
below); the market expanded rapidly before contracting in 2008 as a result of the global
2206:
2186:
2049:
2004:
1638:
1473:
1065:
993:
434:
12157:
Kimbergt, Sébastien (2008). "Ces mangas qui utilisent le yaoi pour doper leurs ventes".
11792:
6281:
5749:
3598:
works, which contain close male-male friendships perceived by fans to imply elements of
2115:(1996–2000). When these works were released in North America, they were among the first
1609:(1970) by Takemiya is considered the first work of the genre that would become known as
1579:
Contemporary Japanese homoerotic romance manga originated in the 1970s as a subgenre of
17320:
16868:
16788:
16712:
16598:
16588:
16490:
16382:
16362:
16262:
16242:
16010:
15938:
15844:
15829:
15760:
15465:
15401:
15259:
15239:
15130:
14780:
14701:
14635:
14625:
14588:
14207:
13059:
12774:
12644:
12590:
Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre
12568:
12490:
12266:
Hishida, Hitoshi (2015). "Representational Appropriation and the Autonomy of Desire in
12206:
12024:
11905:
11872:
11852:
11623:
11321:
10970:
10890:
10843:
10068:
9478:
9380:
Boy's Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre
9274:
8846:
8676:
8666:
8556:
8483:
8405:
8303:
7546:
7241:
7186:
7124:
7085:
7077:
6984:
6187:
6042:
5920:
5768:
5731:
5650:
5563:
5210:
4966:
Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre
4763:
4730:
4600:
4422:
4255:
3778:
3774:
3622:
3575:
to recruit talented amateurs; this practice has led to careers in mainstream manga for
3428:
per month. A 2010 report estimated that the Japanese BL market was worth approximately
3050:
3029:
2885:). This spiritual bond and equal partnership is depicted as overcoming the male-female
2603:
1481:
17338:
13761:
12456:
Writing the love of boys: origins of Bishōnen culture in modernist Japanese literature
11675:
8998:
7081:
7049:
4992:
Works featuring homoerotic relationships between female characters are referred to as
4279:
in 2018, the relationship was rendered as a close, homoerotic friendship. The 2015 BL
3571:
concurrently with professionally-published works. Many publishing companies review BL
249:) emerged as a name for the genre in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the context of
17377:
17111:
17106:
16967:
16918:
16707:
16630:
16480:
16434:
16407:
16402:
16392:
16307:
16267:
16045:
15933:
15923:
15849:
15777:
15657:
15502:
15497:
15426:
15381:
15344:
15281:
15269:
15187:
15135:
15069:
15064:
15040:
15008:
14740:
14735:
14484:
14175:
13997:
13464:
13068:
13000:
12908:
12778:
12747:
12719:
12670:
12613:
12598:
12576:
12559:
12544:
12530:
12514:
12494:
12459:
12417:
12401:
12387:
12368:
12345:
12292:
12227:
12210:
12104:
12077:
12028:
12016:
11820:
11733:
11627:
11583:
11558:
11499:
11394:
11369:
11325:
11311:
11274:
11153:
11128:
10996:
10974:
10894:
10882:
10847:
10835:
10750:
10436:
10072:
10058:
10004:
9630:
9482:
9278:
9177:
9060:
Compilation of Papers and Seminar Proceedings - Comparative Studies on Urban Cultures
8969:
8761:
8680:
8643:
8307:
8282:"Heteronormativity in BL Webtoons Love is an Illusion, Room to Room, and Path to You"
8214:
8101:
8065:
8035:
7906:"Rotten use patterns: What entertainment theories can do for the study of boys' love"
7729:
7719:
7550:
7462:
7267:
7128:
7089:
7069:
6988:
6976:
6649:
6246:
6191:
6148:
6046:
5924:
5846:
5773:
5604:
5567:
5521:
5463:
5266:
5214:
5056:
4332:
4188:
4021:
3635:
3580:
3059:
3023:
2958:
2111:
1955:
1765:
works, with this genre later becoming "a transnational subculture." Publishing house
1644:
1477:
1092:
1046:
774:
742:
481:
444:
245:
237:
191:
62:
31:
16142:
12648:
11018:"Online discussions on Yaoi: Gay relationships, sexual violence, and female fantasy"
10711:
10263:"Thailand's erotic Boys Love TV dramas are a hit with Indonesians, gay and straight"
9252:"Heavy Hero or Digital Dummy? Multimodal Player–Avatar Relations in Final Fantasy 7"
8028:
Drazen, Patrick (October 2002). '"A Very Pure Thing": Gay and Pseudo-Gay Themes' in
7384:
3995:, occasionally referred to as "drama CDs", "sound dramas", or "BLCDs", are recorded
3626:
is known to have a large female readership who engage in BL readings; publishers of
3311:
universe" subgenre emerged in 2017 and gained popularity in 2021. The subgenre uses
17471:
17198:
17140:
17024:
16938:
16928:
16838:
16766:
16749:
16744:
16665:
16593:
16459:
16454:
16444:
16439:
16387:
16327:
16297:
16252:
16115:
16015:
15928:
15891:
15596:
15544:
15470:
15411:
15324:
15120:
15113:
15003:
14876:
14728:
14713:
14677:
14662:
14595:
14566:
14546:
14455:
14161:
14054:
14025:
13981:
13963:
13756:
13027:
13010:
12766:
12636:
12501:
Aoyama, Tomoko (1988) "Male homosexuality as treated by Japanese women writers" in
12482:
12337:
12320:
12284:
12254:
12222:
McLelland, Mark; Nagaike, Kazumi; Katsuhiko, Suganuma; Welker, James, eds. (2015).
12202:
12198:
12067:
12008:
11615:
11303:
11237:
10962:
10874:
10825:
10708:"JAST USA Announces Adult PC Game "Absolute Obedience" Ships, Also Price Reduction"
10428:
10050:
9701:
9677:
9513:
9470:
9266:
9223:
8293:
8089:
7917:
7821:
7622:
7538:
7454:
7233:
7116:
7061:
6968:
6641:
6179:
6034:
5912:
5763:
5753:
5591:
5555:
5350:
5340:
5202:
5029:
4647:
4520:
4516:
4508:
4504:
4469:
4205:
3728:
3530:
3513:) subculture emerged in the 1970s contemporaneously with BL subculture and Western
3476:
3349:
3301:
3068:
2937:
2933:
2328:
2257:
1808:
1718:
754:
467:
424:
354:
208:
13942:
12659:
Media international Australia, incorporating Culture & policy, 134, 2010, 7-19
12072:
12055:
12012:
11932:
11728:
McHarry, Mark (2007). Peele, Thomas (ed.). "Identity Unmoored: Yaoi in the West".
10878:
9363:
McHarry, Mark (2007). Peele, THomas (ed.). "Identity Unmoored: Yaoi in the West".
9150:
7163:
6972:
6712:
6410:
4621:
is something which has consciously emerged as a result of the genre's popularity.
3934:", and "global BL". The majority of publishers creating original English-language
3664:
such as actors and politicians. Amateur authors may also create characters out of
2119:-influenced media to be encountered by Western audiences. BL gained popularity in
1173:
17441:
17215:
17183:
16888:
16813:
16803:
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15013:
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14706:
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14168:
14133:
14018:
14004:
13093:
13073:
13044:
12918:
12827:
12506:
12245:
Hartley, Barbara (2015). "A Genealogy of Boys Love: The Gaze of the Girl and the
11419:
10357:
10054:
9582:
9204:
9172:
Fujimoto, Yukari (2013). Berndt, Jaqueline; Kümmerling-Meibauer, Bettina (eds.).
8925:
8747:
8400:
8326:
8298:
8281:
8060:
Fujimoto, Yukari (2013). Berndt, Jaqueline; Kümmerling-Meibauer, Bettina (eds.).
7487:
7120:
5794:
5758:
4775:
4677:
4546:
4512:
4056:
3860:
3704:
3675:
3604:
3522:
3337:
3187:
2921:
2816:
2283:
1861:
1791:
1625:
1109:
1101:
16522:
12279:
McLelland, Mark; Welker, James (2015). "An Introduction to Boys Love in Japan".
12185:"The World of Yaoi: The Internet, Censorship and the Global "Boys' Love" Fandom"
12056:"A state against boys' love? Reviewing the trajectory of censorship over danmei"
11996:
11307:
10862:
6956:
6554:
5590:(2007). "Otaku Sexuality" in Christopher Bolton, Istvan Csicsery-Ronay Jr., and
5587:
4660:
3086:
narratives that focused on the suffering of the protagonists were popular early
1605:
1432:
531:
17255:
17061:
16873:
16843:
16823:
16685:
16670:
16615:
16573:
16412:
16367:
16357:
16332:
16287:
16277:
16055:
16035:
16005:
15990:
15948:
15913:
15871:
15859:
15854:
15647:
15618:
15507:
15492:
15436:
15291:
15249:
14760:
14576:
14467:
14307:
14154:
13848:
12986:
12451:
11414:
10991:
Antonia, Levi (2008). "North American reactions to Yaoi". In West, Mark (ed.).
10830:
10813:
10484:
10042:
10041:
Ishida, Minori (2019), Berndt, Jaqueline; Nagaike, Kazumi; Ogi, Fusami (eds.),
9904:
8872:
6140:
5122:
4853:
4625:
4497:
4194:
4042:
4012:, peaking at 289 total CDs released in 2008, which dropped to 108 CDs in 2013.
3959:
3762:
3564:
2881:
2828:
2824:
2741:, a shorthand for "reversible" (リバーシブル), is used to describe couples where the
2725:
2120:
1629:
1596:
1402:
997:
671:
496:
394:
258:
16982:
16729:
16527:
15819:
11295:
10624:"'Don't be afraid to be yourself': Trailer of BL series 'Oh, Mando!' released"
10432:
7874:
7787:
7733:
6168:
Toku, Masami (2007). "Shojo Manga! Girls' Comics! A Mirror of Girls' Dreams".
1678:(self-published works) subculture emerged contemporaneously in the 1970s (see
1529:
964:
540:
132:
17430:
17188:
17168:
16848:
16828:
16377:
16317:
16302:
16192:
16137:
16132:
16105:
16075:
16040:
15881:
15834:
15824:
15787:
15755:
15745:
15736:
15706:
15576:
15512:
15453:
15448:
15386:
15351:
15296:
15254:
15224:
15214:
15207:
15023:
14971:
14941:
14926:
14881:
14866:
14785:
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14605:
14571:
14531:
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14280:
14202:
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13015:
12640:
12081:
12020:
11768:
10886:
10839:
10440:
9474:
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7542:
7466:
7073:
6980:
6645:
4972:
4924:
4759:
4651:
4292:
4061:
4035:
since the early 2000s, these works were marketed towards a niche audience of
4009:
3712:
3707:
is noted as crucial to the development of Western BL fan works, particularly
3656:
3599:
3560:
3488:
3394:
3167:
2945:
2105:
2054:
1885:
1880:
1621:
1588:
1568:
1542:
1537:
1525:
1312:
1264:
1237:
1142:
1038:
1002:
601:
596:
284:
105:
16157:
9783:
9761:
9270:
9198:(Un)gendering the homoerotic body: Imagining subjects in boys' love and yaoi
8207:
Comics Worlds and the World of Comics: Towards Scholarship on a Global Scale
6632:
Madill, Anna (2017). Smith, Clarissa; Attwood, Feona; McNair, Brian (eds.).
6553:. Turku: Interna-tional Institute for Popular Culture: 42–46. Archived from
3922:" fell out of use and was replaced by terms like "original English language
3067:"surprisingly high tolerance" for depictions of rape is contextualized by a
138:, or comics for girls. Several terms were used for the new genre, including
17420:
17381:
17345:
17265:
17250:
17225:
17163:
17101:
16719:
16702:
16655:
16505:
16449:
15980:
15975:
15906:
15782:
15726:
15677:
15652:
15640:
15371:
15103:
15098:
15035:
14998:
14976:
14966:
14844:
14775:
14755:
14657:
14615:
14521:
14504:
14366:
14353:
14317:
13703:
13098:
12995:
12715:
11764:
11300:
Women’s Manga in Asia and Beyond: Uniting Different Cultures and Identities
10628:
8633:
7065:
5777:
5073:
4994:
4901:
4887:
4852:, cartoons are exempt from child pornography laws unless they are used for
4755:
4639:
girls, thus making the stories expressions of readers' same-sex fantasies.
4629:
4618:
4493:
4473:
4401:
4136:
4119:
4097:
3992:
3644:
3493:
3384:. Several of these magazines were established as companion publications to
3257:
3124:
3108:
3095:
2969:
2941:
2905:
2843:
2626:
2569:
2521:
2517:
is often exploited to explore notions of sexuality and gender in BL works.
1991:
1986:
1730:
1654:
1289:
1120:
market coined "boys' love" to disassociate the genre from the publisher of
1061:
956:
854:
678:
666:
633:
582:
549:
439:
109:
12770:
12712:
Erotic Comics 2: A Graphic History from the Liberated '70s to the Internet
12486:
12332:
Welker, James (2015). "A Brief History of Shōnen'ai, Yaoi and Boys Love".
11242:
9682:
9604:
Che, Cathay (4 February 1997). "Catoon Comes Out: Kizuna Volume 1 and 2".
8561:
7922:
7458:
5416:
5345:
5326:
3264:
boys in a romantic or pornographic context. Originating as an offshoot of
1975:
attracted the attention of manga magazine editors, many of whom recruited
1116:"; it has been suggested that publishers wishing to get a foothold in the
17235:
16971:
16933:
16913:
16908:
16893:
16883:
16863:
16793:
16771:
16697:
16603:
16544:
16539:
16397:
16202:
16182:
16147:
15896:
15792:
15549:
15534:
15475:
15441:
15219:
15192:
15157:
15028:
15018:
14891:
14851:
14819:
14770:
14686:
14667:
14640:
14536:
14494:
14445:
13777:
11649:
10196:"Everything you need to know about Thailand's thriving Boys Love culture"
7782:
5583:
5060:
4919:
4787:
4779:
4614:
4477:
4476:, but in Japan there is a presence of lesbian manga authors and lesbian,
4450:
4036:
3907:
3856:
3831:
3723:
3708:
3631:
3610:
3576:
3555:
3514:
3286:
is a male-male romance subgenre that originated from the American series
3175:
2998:
2846:, with the diminished role of female characters cited as evidence of the
2682:
2551:
2483:
2406:
2245:, with a 2008 bookstore survey finding that between 25 and 30 percent of
2139:
1913:
1909:
1875:
1726:
1146:
1057:
981:
869:
834:
788:
732:
645:
558:
308:
274:
44:
11186:"Roundtable: The Internet and Women's Transnational "Boys' Love" Fandom"
8789:
7416:"TCAF 2015 – Gengoroh Tagame Talks Gay Manga, 'Bara,' BL and Scanlation"
7220:"Japanese Subculture in the 1990s: Otaku and the Amateur Manga Movement"
5009:
4960:
Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance Regarding the Healthy Development of Youths
4358:. This spurred the creation of domestically-produced BL dramas, such as
3890:
for female readers featuring male-male couples referred to as "American
3682:
is typically composed of the two lead characters' names, separated by a
3535:
3504:
3460:
2434:
2368:
2314:
celebrity culture in the development of its own style of idols known as
2263:
in 2001. The first officially-licensed English-language translations of
1673:
1591:. The Year 24 Group contributed significantly to the development of the
1444:
1105:
972:
279:
252:
49:
17363:
16923:
16903:
16853:
16833:
16818:
16808:
16724:
16675:
16485:
16292:
16232:
16050:
15943:
15886:
15814:
15772:
15603:
15421:
15406:
15376:
15334:
15303:
14993:
14856:
14620:
14561:
14541:
14431:
13990:
13020:
12898:
12757:
12734:
12707:
12365:
Male Homosexuality in Modern Japan: Cultural Myths and Social Realities
10136:
9486:
9111:
8739:
8503:
8088:
Tamaki, Saitō (2007). Bolton, Christopher; Csicsery-Ronay, Istvan Jr.;
7651:"On The Iconic Difference between Couple Characters in Boys Love Manga"
6925:
6183:
6170:
6038:
5916:
5903:
4791:
4738:
4664:
4523:
sites. In January 2007, there were approximately five million hits for
4432:
4397:
4372:
4253:
concerning depictions of LGBT subject material in media; nevertheless,
4238:
4171:
3945:
3941:
3786:
3283:
3201:
3116:
2950:
2929:
2916:
2896:
2866:
2630:
2222:
2190:
2143:
1941:
1918:
1600:
1564:
1495:
1453:
1449:
1410:
1269:
1218:
985:
859:
764:
491:
486:
288:
9928:"Sleepless Nights, In These Words – New BL Titles Scheduled For Print"
9382:. North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers. p. 3.
8200:"Theorizing comics/manga genre as a productive forum: yaoi and beyond"
7713:
7245:
6022:
5355:
5080:
to dismiss poor quality manga, and this was appropriated by the early
3834:
and marketed the title as "the first gay male anime to be released on
2989:, but rather as evidence of the uncontrollable attraction felt by the
2256:
in international markets, beginning with the founding of the American
17292:
17210:
17145:
16734:
16680:
16578:
16517:
16510:
16352:
16247:
16197:
15918:
15804:
15667:
15613:
15416:
15339:
15329:
15202:
15197:
14812:
14807:
14797:
14723:
14696:
14672:
14610:
14583:
14526:
14327:
14298:
14253:
14246:
14147:
13891:
8786:"Simona's BL Research Lab: Reibun Ike, Hyogo Kijima, Inaki Matsumoto"
8743:
8251:"More Than Just Mommy and Daddy: "Nontraditional" Families in Comics"
6380:"James Welker, "Boys Love (BL) Media and Its Asian Transfigurations""
5698:""Boys' Love", Yaoi, and Art Education: Issues of Power and Pedagogy"
4909:
4656:
4141:
3754:
3711:. As BL fan fiction is often compared to the Western fan practice of
3510:
3276:(works depicting prepubescent or pubescent girls); the conflation of
3179:
3033:
notes that rape narratives typically focus on how "irresistible" the
2954:
2869:, giving men freedom to bond and pursue shared goals together (as in
2567:
The two participants in a BL relationship (and to a lesser extent in
2510:
2479:
2465:
2453:
2299:
2226:
2194:
1722:
1560:
1465:
1406:
1356:
1339:
1311:
can also be used by Western fans as a label for anime or manga-based
960:
723:
617:
125:
121:
15396:
12334:
Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan
12317:
Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan
12272:
Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan
12251:
Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan
12224:
Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan
10047:
Shōjo Across Media: Exploring "Girl" Practices in Contemporary Japan
8331:"The Evolution of "Boys' Love" Culture: Can BL Spark Social Change?"
7288:
4778:' policies in employment, education and elsewhere", while BL artist
4031:
While Japanese BL manga has been adapted into live action films and
3896:". The first known commercially published original English-language
2217:
magazines continued to proliferate during this period, and sales of
1112:. By the 1990s, the term had largely fallen out of use in favor of "
17281:
17245:
17178:
16620:
16282:
16177:
15963:
15953:
15901:
15591:
15050:
14802:
14479:
14378:
14271:
14262:
14140:
13911:
13884:
13773:
13078:
12666:
Fantasies of Cross-Dressing: Japanese Women Write Male-Male Erotica
12410:
Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan
11619:
11519:
McCaffery, Larry; Subda, Gregory; Kotani, Mari; Takayuki, Tatsumi.
11498:(in German). Universitätsverlag Winter Heidelberg. pp. 42–45.
10966:
7845:"It's A Yaoi Thing: Boys Who Love Boys and the Women Who Love Them"
7237:
7219:
5901:
Fan Fiction Writers: New Narrative Themes or the Same Old Story?".
5736:
5559:
5206:
4831:
4802:
4460:
4417:
4360:
4092:
4051:
3845:
3770:
3297:
3237:
3230:
3197:
3112:
2973:
2871:
2690:
2649:
2634:
2528:
found that while over 80% of their readership previously preferred
2498:
2457:
2260:
1932:
1659:
659:
460:
17403:
13877:
10737:. Boys on Boys on Film. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018
10543:"Love is love, says the cast of BL drama, HIStory 4: Close To You"
10170:"Boys' love: The unstoppable rise of same-sex soapies in Thailand"
6883:"Boys' love: The unstoppable rise of same-sex soapies in Thailand"
6386:. The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. March 27, 2018.
4867:
3863:
efforts of both commercially published Japanese works and amateur
2638:
1401:. The country shifted away from a tolerance of homosexuality amid
1365:
1346:
novels laid the foundation for many of the common genre tropes of
882:
17357:
17314:
17297:
17220:
17091:
17071:
16943:
16625:
16568:
15586:
14239:
13905:
13765:
10297:"Boys' Love: The Gay Romance TV Genre Taking Over Southeast Asia"
8047:
6551:
Imaginary Japan: Japanese Fantasy in Contemporary Popular Culture
5729:
5327:"Queer encounters between Iron Man and Chinese boys' love fandom"
4805:
reported that in China, at least 20 young female authors writing
4726:
4472:, was 85% female. It is usually assumed that all female fans are
4311:" or "socialist bromance" to avoid detection from state censors.
4307:
discussed the series' male homoerotic content under the hashtag "
4281:
4209:
4082:
4047:
3830:
was distributed by Ariztical Entertainment, which specializes in
3480:
3272:
3261:
3171:
3091:
3083:
2823:
readings and likeable female characters are mutually exclusive."
2697:, but instead receives the sexual and romantic attentions of the
2594:
2478:
manga) drew influence from popular culture of the era, including
2099:
1683:
1417:
1377:
1108:
depicting male homosexuality that are original creations and not
845:
769:
626:
474:
12573:
Zowie! It's Yaoi!: Western Girls Write Hot Stories of Boys' Love
11901:"Osaka Lists 8 Boys-Love Mags Designated as 'Harmful' (Updated)"
11368:. Tokyo and New York: Kodansha International. pp. 100–101.
8180:
McHarry, Mark. Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). "Yaoi".
4722:
3976:
3838:
in the US." The film was reviewed in the American LGBT magazine
3668:
of abstract concepts (as in the personification of countries in
963:, beginning in the 1970s it was used to describe a new genre of
17331:
17205:
17193:
16898:
16095:
16020:
15672:
15608:
15581:
15244:
15057:
14911:
13898:
13037:
12221:
11150:
Beyond Common Sense: Sexuality and Gender in Contemporary Japan
10571:"Filipino BL digital series 'Gameboys' gets international love"
6415:
Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context
6203:
6201:
5643:
Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context
5024:
4208:, which produces BL dramas in Thailand for distribution on its
4115:
3735:
The first officially-licensed English-language translations of
3465:
3355:
2323:
2277:
2267:
manga were published in the North American market in 2003 (see
1507:
1396:
1384:
1216:, or alternately as "boy's love" or "boys love", the term is a
827:
608:
451:
389:
384:
266:
14397:
12587:
Levi, Antonia; McHarry, Mark; Pagliassotti, Dru, eds. (2010).
11730:
Queer Popular Culture: Literature, Media, Film, and Television
8031:
Anime Explosion! The What, Why & Wow of Japanese Animation
7182:"China's Gay Rights Stance Can't Derail Demand for LGBT Films"
6679:
6677:
6634:"Erotic Manga: Boys' love, shonen-ai, yaoi and (MxM) shotacon"
5979:
5943:
3958:
manga in 2012; outside of the United States, German publisher
2985:
are not depicted as symptomatic of the violent desires of the
2177:
1947:
1843:
By the late 1980s, the popularity of professionally published
17351:
17240:
17173:
17013:
16583:
15716:
15694:
15687:
15487:
14293:
12828:
10653:"BL movie 'The Boy Foretold by the Stars' joins virtual MMFF"
10463:
10141:
9627:
Over the Rainbow: Queer Children's and Young Adult Literature
9365:
Queer Popular Culture: Literature, Media, Film and Television
8533:
8531:
8508:
8389:
8387:
7778:""Yowie!": The Stateside appeal of boy-meets-boy yaoi comics"
4741:. Criticism of the stereotypically feminine behaviour of the
4689:
4406:
4276:
4266:
4167:
3817:
3041:"cannot control himself" in his presence, thus absolving the
3009:
as more than just a good friend, and typically result in the
2766:; in these instances, the roles are sometimes referred to as
2311:
1905:
1502:
1222:
construction derived from the literal English translation of
818:
781:
652:
331:
327:
217:
117:
113:
101:
11521:"The Twister of Imagination: An Interview with Mariko Ohara"
11271:
Reading Japan Cool: Patterns of Manga Literacy and Discourse
6750:
6198:
5967:
5821:
5518:
Reading Japan Cool: Patterns of Manga Literacy and Discourse
4766:
that does not validate or sympathize with that discontent".
3773:. Notable defunct English-language publishers of BL include
2302:, live-action films, and live-action television dramas (see
1442:
formed the foundation of what would become the aesthetic of
339:
39:
17260:
15635:
14428:
14359:
14232:
12792:
12135:
de Bats, Hadrien (2008a). "Entretien avec Hisako Miyoshi".
9997:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
9309:"Moe: Exploring Virtual Potential in Post-Millennial Japan"
8995:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
8875:[Top 17 Recommended BL Omegaverse Manga for 2019].
8480:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
7160:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
6717:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
6694:
6692:
6674:
5931:
5732:"Loving the love of boys: Motives for consuming yaoi media"
5579:
5577:
5456:
Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
4437:
4217:
4101:(2020) on TV Tokyo, and the live-action film adaptation of
3810:
3312:
3205:
1335:
220:
11643:"Reading YAOI Comics: An Analysis of Korean Girls' Fandom"
9993:
and the Rise of Boys' Love among Germany's 'Forty-Niners'"
8904:"A Feud in Wolf-Kink Erotica Raises a Deep Legal Question"
8813:"A Feud in Wolf-Kink Erotica Raises a Deep Legal Question"
8528:
8384:
8353:
8010:
6522:
6520:
5147:
5145:
5125:
has authored multiple BL and BL-influenced works, notably
4754:
has similarly been voiced in the English-language fandom.
2321:
While BL fandom in China traces back to the late 1990s as
2142:, Japanese gay writer Masaki Satō criticized the genre as
1548:
283:; diminished female characters; narratives that emphasize
13769:
11104:
10795:
10793:
10130:
10128:
10126:
8717:
8497:
8495:
8493:
7596:
7594:
6740:
6738:
6147:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 1.
3835:
2294:
The 2010s and 2020s saw an increase in the popularity of
2241:
goods. The 2000s also saw an increase in male readers of
2146:
for not depicting gay men accurately, and called fans of
1583:
manga. The decade saw the arrival of a new generation of
1545:
culture, is noted as an influential work in this regard.
214:
12054:
Hu, Tingting; Ge, Liang; Wang, Cathy Yue (22 May 2024).
11518:
11417:(1993). ""Josei wa gei ga suki!?" (Women Like Gays!?)".
11166:
10417:"Dual ambivalence: The Untamed Girls as a counterpublic"
9508:
9506:
9504:
8693:
7752:
6921:"Japanese-style 'boys love' dramas captivate Thai women"
6859:
6689:
6608:
6606:
5574:
5486:"Tonari no 801 chan Fujoshi Manga Adapted for Shōjo Mag"
5375:
4659:, or a desire to push against established gender roles.
3174:
for a gay male audience. Gay manga typically focuses on
2932:. According to Hisako Miyoshi, vice editor-in-chief for
2490:'s portrayal of Thaddeus in the 1971 film adaptation of
2452:, "highly idealised" boys and young men who blend both
2170:
to focus on heterosexual pornography as a result of the
1967:-influenced media to be encountered by Western audiences
1816:, which Magazine Magazine described as "halfway between
1327:
12586:
10235:. CBS Business Network Resource Library. Archived from
9022:"Yano Research Reports on Japan's 2009-10 Otaku Market"
7213:
7211:
7209:
6803:
6801:
6786:
6762:
6593:
6591:
6517:
6469:
6445:
6329:
6303:
6293:
6291:
6218:
6216:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6082:
6080:
5955:
5670:
5668:
5363:
5296:
5294:
5142:
5051:
is occasionally written as "801", which can be read as
4786:
manga to teenagers in 2001 led to media coverage and a
4748:
Much of the criticism of BL originally rendered in the
4214:
National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission
3200:
phenomenon, in that it depicts sex that is free of the
1865:
became popular source material for derivative works by
1696:, initially used by some creators of male-male romance
1686:
was held as a gathering of amateur artists who produce
12705:
11450:(in German). Egmont Manga und Anime. pp. 13, 80f.
11427:
10790:
10678:"JAST USA Announces First "Boy's Love" PC Dating-Game"
10123:
8490:
8280:
Katarina, Agnes; Candra, Dewi; Mochtar, Jenny (2021).
7591:
6829:"Why are Japanese Girls' Comics full of Boys Bonking?"
6735:
6481:
4910:
4843:
4825:
4749:
4716:
4710:
4671:
4633:
4524:
4464:
3963:
3953:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3897:
3891:
3881:
3872:
3804:
3793:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3615:
3548:
3502:
3265:
3209:
2852:
2473:
2031:, founded in 1993, became one of the most influential
1489:
1347:
1283:
1273:
1258:
1248:
1069:
1050:
1032:
843:
835:
825:
816:
789:
779:
743:
733:
724:
676:
657:
643:
624:
615:
606:
583:
559:
550:
541:
532:
472:
458:
449:
250:
198:
17392:
11746:
11463:"Visual Kei Otaku Identity—An Intercultural Analysis"
11343:
11226:"The possibilities of research on "fujoshi" in Japan"
10516:"[Y초점] '시멘틱에러'의 놀라운 성공...OTT 타고 날개 돋힌 BL 신드롬"
10353:"Censors Pull Gay Drama 'Addiction', Sparking Outcry"
10019:
9501:
9134:
8705:
8420:
8279:
8209:. Kyoto, Japan: International Manga Research Center,
6847:
6603:
6576:
5991:
5306:
3910:
in May 2002. As international artists began creating
3642:, including characters from non-manga titles such as
229:
124:, novels, video games, television series, films, and
7206:
6798:
6774:
6588:
6564:
6505:
6493:
6457:
6433:
6288:
6213:
6116:
6104:
6092:
6077:
6065:
5665:
5291:
5279:
5164:
5162:
5160:
4863:
4692:", commenting that manga critic Akiko Mizoguchi saw
4663:, a science fiction writer, has said that she wrote
4575:, both of which are puns of similar construction to
3753:. Notable English-language publishers of BL include
3630:
manga may create "homoerotic-themed" merchandise as
2633:
to refer to the insertive and receptive partners in
2468:, but its specific aesthetic manifestation in 1970s
2335:), state regulations in China made it difficult for
2303:
1733:
as popular subjects as a result of the influence of
1176:
of introduction, development, twist, and conclusion.
43:
An example of BL-inspired artwork. The svelte, semi-
9836:"DramaQueen Announces New Yaoi & Manhwa Titles"
9625:. In Kidd, Kenneth B.; Abate, Michelle Ann (eds.).
9313:
Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies
9082:"Yaoi Publishers Interviews: Part 3 - Be Beautiful"
6638:
The Routledge Companion to Media, Sex and Sexuality
4549:as a self-descriptive term. The male equivalent is
4144:40 million at the box office. This was followed by
2809:"forbidden" all-consuming love presented in BL. In
1282:and works that focus on sex scenes. In all usages,
211:
131:The genre originated in the 1970s as a subgenre of
47:physical features of the characters are typical of
12529:(in French) (. ed.). Versailles: Éditions H.
10485:"韓国で社会現象を巻き起こしたBLドラマの劇場版『セマンティックエラー・ザ・ムービー』、2部作で…"
9629:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 354–379.
8661:
8659:
8083:
8081:
4015:
3178:men with varying degrees of muscle, body fat, and
3099:in some way with their own experiences of abuse."
2762:is presented as more sexually aggressive than the
2639:same-sex love between samurai and their companions
2298:and BL media in China and Thailand in the form of
2080:elements into their plots. The manga artist group
1603:, created works that depicted male homosexuality:
12527:Le Yaoi articles, chroniques, entretiens et manga
12503:The Japanese Trajectory: Modernization and Beyond
11582:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota: 163–196.
11152:. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
9323:
8753:Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It
8738:
7981:
7979:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6235:
6233:
6231:
5157:
3870:
3193:Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It
2464:as a concept can be found disparately throughout
1812:in 1980. Both magazines initially specialized in
1480:, and laid the foundation for many of the common
17428:
12384:Millennium Girls: Today's Girls Around the World
12249:Body in the Prewar Images of Takabatake Kashō".
11868:"Osaka Considers Regulating Boys-Love Materials"
10993:The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture
10256:
10254:
8895:
8585:"The boys' love phenomenon: A literature review"
7262:Orbaugh, Sharalyn (2002). Sandra Buckley (ed.).
5833:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5715:
4382:billed itself as "the first Filipino BL movie".
2268:
1840:to describe works depicting male homosexuality.
53:(literally "beautiful boys") common in BL media.
17012:
12662:
12278:
12122:Brient, Hervé (2008b). "Une petite histoire du
12103:. Manga: 10000 images (in French). Editions H.
11892:
11555:(An Elusive Theory of Yaoi: The view from Yaoi)
10565:
10563:
10327:"Seoul International Drama Awards 2021 Winners"
10189:
10187:
9536:
9079:
8656:
8193:
8191:
8078:
8034:Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press p. 95
7524:
7522:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7175:
7173:
6207:
6161:
5985:
5973:
5949:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5226:
5224:
5094:
4830:/BL genre" of showing characters who are often
4420:in 2006. That same year, the company published
4331:achieved a major domestic success and became a
3249:
3215:
3196:that while BL can be understood as a primarily
3150:
3121:
3102:
2803:
2681:the characters to face each other rather than "
2601:
2574:
2432:
1209:
1188:
1154:
273:Concepts and themes associated with BL include
100:, is a genre of fictional media originating in
93:
74:
12458:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
11634:
11608:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
11268:
10995:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 147–174.
10955:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
10377:
10229:"Japanese 'boy-love' comics a hit among Thais"
9062:. Osaka City University: 17–19. Archived from
8843:"New Omegaverse(A/B/O) Titles Coming to Renta"
8321:
8319:
8317:
8050:are produced as if these girls never existed."
8046:(1995) have female counterparts, yet a lot of
7988:"Guys on Guys for Girls – Yaoi and Shounen Ai"
7976:
7354:"What is yaoi and where does it go from here?"
6826:
6544:"He-romance for her – yaoi, BL and shounen-ai"
6542:Bollmann, Tuuli (2010). Niskanen, Eija (ed.).
6258:
6228:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5515:
5195:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
5188:
5186:
5184:
5101:
5033:
4604:
4568:
4555:
4538:
3987:audio drama, was released on cassette in 1988.
3718:
3470:
3450:
3243:
3222:
3159:
3142:
3132:
2810:
2789:
2772:
2734:
2610:
2583:
2441:
2088:
2012:
1979:
1741:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1687:
1671:
1513:
1390:
1371:
1203:
1182:
1161:
1132:
1102:the eponymous male-male romance manga magazine
1082:
1019:
938:
184:
165:
146:
87:
17077:Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year
16998:
14413:
13740:
12829:Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer
12813:
12554:Kakinuma Eiko, Kurihara Chiyo et al. (eds.),
12386:. London: Rowman & Littlefield: 243–267.
12305:
11846:
10251:
10220:
10095:
10093:
9140:
8365:
8156:
8154:
8152:
7947:
7945:
7807:
7805:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7264:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture
6756:
5827:
5712:
5443:
3432:in both 2009 and 2010. In 2019, editors from
2819:noted that in these parodies, "it seems that
905:
11601:
11599:
11258:– via journal.transformativeworks.org.
10861:Zhao, Yao; Madill, Anna (3 September 2018).
10710:. ComiPress. 25 October 2006. Archived from
10560:
10456:"BL 웹드라마 '너의 시선이 머무는 곳에' 제작…한기찬·장의수 캐스팅(공식)"
10184:
9776:"German Publisher Licenses Global BL Titles"
9700:
9512:
9454:
9176:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 172.
8441:"Yaoi Love: An Interview with Makoto Tateno"
8188:
8064:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 184.
7513:
7170:
6833:Refractory: A Journal of Entertainment Media
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6006:
5702:Visual Culture Research in Art and Education
5534:
5265:. : Anchor Academic Publishing. p. 81.
5256:
5254:
5221:
4834:engaging in romantic and sexual situations,
4790:. In 2006, an email campaign pressuring the
3809:manga in the United States at approximately
2229:emerged as a major cultural destination for
1395:, male sex workers who served as apprentice
314:
17087:Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film
12342:10.14325/mississippi/9781628461190.003.0003
12325:10.14325/mississippi/9781628461190.003.0005
12289:10.14325/mississippi/9781628461190.003.0001
12259:10.14325/mississippi/9781628461190.003.0002
10193:
8873:"《2019年版》おすすめオメガバースBL漫画17選【初心者向けから上級者向けまで】"
8734:
8732:
8314:
7562:
7560:
7528:
7498:is so well known, it's bound to show up in
7013:
6880:
6537:
6535:
6350:"Yaoi: History, Appeal, and Misconceptions"
5896:
5789:
5787:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5613:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5181:
4646:, and BL has been called a form of "female
4532:Female fans of BL are often referred to as
2616:
2589:
2532:body types exclusively, 65% now enjoy both
2447:
1636:artists of this era; notable works include
1587:manga artists, most notable among them the
1025:
977:
944:
171:
152:
110:homoerotic media created by and for gay men
17005:
16991:
14420:
14406:
13747:
13733:
12820:
12806:
11791:. Intersections.anu.edu.au. Archived from
11758:
11668:"A Few Comments About The Gay/Yaoi Divide"
11549:
11365:Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics
11040:
10860:
10811:
10090:
10043:"Sounds and Sighs: "Voice Porn" for Women"
9249:
8552:""Stop, My Butt Hurts!" The Yaoi Invasion"
8149:
7942:
7802:
7669:
7611:
7609:
7444:
7317:
7257:
7255:
7047:
6954:
6876:
6874:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6239:
5871:
5869:
5695:
4670:In 1998, Shihomi Sakakibara asserted that
4596:Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics
3851:A large portion of Western fans choose to
2629:, and were later appropriated as Japanese
2233:fandom, with multiple stores dedicated to
1900:. The 1980s also saw the proliferation of
1141:Coined in the late 1970s by manga artists
912:
898:
338:
13639:History of homosexuality in American film
12629:International Journal of Cultural Studies
12622:
12362:
12182:
12071:
11783:
11781:
11732:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 187–188.
11596:
11460:
11355:
11241:
11172:
11110:
10829:
10294:
9806:"Yaoi Press Moves Stores and Opens Doors"
9681:
9661:
9614:
9393:Butcher, Christopher (10 December 2007).
9306:
8779:
8777:
8723:
8699:
8672:Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga
8604:"Under Grand Hotel Vol. #01 Manga Review"
8297:
8197:
8173:
7921:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7758:
7648:
6918:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6881:Watson, Joey; Jirik, Kim (15 June 2018).
6618:
6240:Strickland, Elizabeth (2 November 2006).
6023:"A Japanese Electra and Her Queer Progen"
6003:
5767:
5757:
5545:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5354:
5344:
5251:
5230:
4628:by English-speaking librarians. In 2004,
3952:last published original English-language
3761:under their 801 Media and Juné imprints,
2831:that distracts from a fantasy narrative.
2084:, which itself began as a group creating
1944:) format in 1987 and 1989, respectively.
1922:was the first television anime to depict
1776:, which published the gay manga magazine
1679:
970:(girls' manga) featuring romance between
12156:
12143:
12134:
12053:
11571:
11493:
11413:
11273:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57.
11269:Ingulsrud, John E.; Allen, Kate (2009).
11116:
10986:
10984:
10812:Madill, Anna; Zhao, Yao (1 April 2021).
10350:
10290:
10288:
10226:
9455:McLelland, Mark; Yoo, Seunghyun (2007).
9426:"Media Blasters Drops Shonen; Adds Yaoi"
9171:
9050:
8982:
8954:
8926:"【作品追加】本能… 抗えない究極の主従関係! Dom/Subユニバースが話題"
8729:
8626:
8601:
8543:
8469:
8359:
8325:
8059:
7985:
7557:
7347:
7345:
7311:
7266:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 45–56.
7217:
6792:
6683:
6541:
6532:
5961:
5937:
5784:
5680:
5520:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 47.
5516:Ingulsrud, John E.; Allen, Kate (2009).
5404:
5390:"Definitions From Japan: BL, Yaoi, June"
3975:
3722:
3697:Outside of Japan, the 2000 broadcast of
3464:
2550:
2197:became a major cultural destination for
2185:
1954:
1559:
1361:history in Japan dating to ancient times
1334:
38:
17046:Japanese Animation Creators Association
14193:Aomori International LGBT Film Festival
13437:
12265:
12244:
12165:
12121:
12098:
11727:
11696:
11666:Butcher, Christopher (18 August 2006).
11665:
11577:
11448:Manga - Sechzig Jahre Japanische Comics
11445:
11382:
11293:
11147:
11122:
11046:
10990:
10919:
10769:
10260:
10167:
10134:
9736:"Home-Grown Boys' Love from Yaoi Press"
9392:
9362:
9216:
8988:
8632:
8549:
8393:
8371:
7606:
7261:
7252:
6871:
6865:
6853:
6813:
6744:
6698:
6612:
6487:
6347:
6271:
6071:
6020:
5997:
5897:Hahn Aquila, Meredith Suzanne (2007). "
5866:
5636:
3448:
1472:genre. Mori's works were influenced by
14:
17429:
17041:The Association of Japanese Animations
12754:
12556:Tanbi-Shosetsu, Gay-Bungaku Book Guide
12524:
12472:
12450:
12381:
12331:
12314:
11778:
11605:
11433:
11361:
11223:
11028:from the original on 23 September 2002
10952:
10799:
10351:Campbell, Charlie (25 February 2016).
10040:
10036:
10034:
10025:
9986:
9733:
9307:Galbraith, Patrick (31 October 2009).
8783:
8774:
8665:
8537:
8501:
8160:
8121:Fermin, Tricia Abigail Santos (2013).
8120:
8087:
8016:
7811:
7775:
7764:
7600:
7566:
7286:
7102:
6919:Kishimoto, Marimi (14 November 2020).
6907:
6807:
6780:
6768:
6631:
6597:
6582:
6570:
6526:
6511:
6475:
6463:
6451:
6439:
6372:
6335:
6315:
6309:
6297:
6222:
6139:
6127:
6110:
6098:
6086:
5504:
5449:
5369:
5312:
5300:
5285:
5192:
5151:
5022:In Chinese male-male romance fiction,
4587:
3424:per month, and video games generating
3412:annually, with novel sales generating
3045:of responsibility for his rape of the
2879:manga), or to rival each other (as in
2355:
2093:, published multiple works containing
2076:manga in the 1990s began to integrate
1855:was becoming more popular. Mainstream
1746:were also more sexually explicit than
1174:classical Japanese narrative structure
16986:
14401:
13728:
12801:
12575:. Philadelphia: Running Press, 2006.
12400:
11976:from the original on 20 November 2018
11880:from the original on 25 February 2020
11752:
11349:
11250:from the original on 11 November 2020
10981:
10946:
10594:
10383:
10285:
10261:Nugroho, Johannes (11 October 2020).
9250:Burn, Andrew; Schott, Gareth (2004).
9122:from the original on 3 September 2019
9112:"「きのう何食べた?」ケンジ×シロさんのBLを、よしながふみが描く同人誌"
8901:
8853:from the original on 27 February 2022
8810:
8711:
8582:
8438:
8426:
8341:from the original on 10 November 2020
8248:
7842:
7680:
7615:
7447:East Asian Journal of Popular Culture
7382:
7376:
7364:from the original on 16 November 2020
7351:
7342:
7318:Matasaburo, Shimizu (29 April 2019).
7179:
7043:
7041:
6950:
6948:
6933:from the original on 17 November 2020
6499:
6053:from the original on 30 November 2021
5809:from the original on 13 November 2020
5674:
5431:from the original on 16 November 2020
5260:
5168:
4545:, a derogatory insult that was later
3781:under their Boysenberry imprint, and
3727:Shelves of BL books and magazines at
2097:elements during this period, such as
1859:manga with Japanese settings such as
1226:. First used in 1991 by the magazine
1091:
244:
190:
12035:from the original on 2 February 2023
11913:from the original on 27 January 2021
11388:
11332:from the original on 2 February 2023
11127:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 137.
11079:
11061:from the original on 10 October 2012
11047:Solomon, Charles (14 October 2003).
11016:Yoo, Seunghyun (23 September 2002).
11009:
10934:from the original on 13 October 2020
10920:Solomon, Charles (14 October 2003).
10901:from the original on 2 February 2023
10867:Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics
10735:"Anima Mundi: Dark Alchemist Review"
10688:from the original on 14 October 2017
10208:from the original on 31 October 2020
10149:from the original on 2 February 2023
10079:from the original on 2 February 2023
9816:from the original on 9 November 2007
9706:"Yaoi Timeline: Spread Through U.S."
9643:from the original on 2 February 2023
9620:
9462:Sexuality Research and Social Policy
9377:
9367:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 193.
9329:
9217:Granick, Jennifer (16 August 2006).
8936:from the original on 2 February 2023
8835:
8516:from the original on 2 February 2023
8394:Brenner, Robin (15 September 2007).
8337:. Nippon Communications Foundation.
7951:
7930:from the original on 10 January 2021
7903:
7740:from the original on 2 February 2023
7711:
7413:
7407:
7395:from the original on 26 January 2021
7330:from the original on 1 November 2020
7299:from the original on 2 February 2023
7194:from the original on 30 October 2020
7135:from the original on 2 February 2023
7109:Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics
7026:from the original on 2 February 2023
6995:from the original on 2 February 2023
6895:from the original on 9 November 2020
6723:from the original on 28 January 2013
6662:from the original on 2 February 2023
6421:from the original on 28 January 2013
6167:
5875:
5854:from the original on 4 December 2014
5696:Wilson, Brent; Toku, Masami (2003).
5492:from the original on 19 January 2008
3820:fans in the United States. The 1994
3479:based on existing media, as in this
2252:The 2000s saw significant growth of
1717:produced for Comiket were typically
30:For the manga of the same name, see
12690:
12226:. University Press of Mississippi.
12190:The Australian Feminist Law Journal
11994:
11961:
11898:
11865:
11849:The Essential Guide to World Comics
11847:Pilcher, Tim; Brooks, Brad (2005).
11813:
11640:
11470:Intercultural Communication Studies
11224:Suzuki, Midori (21 November 2012).
11015:
10770:Abraham, Yamilla (22 August 2008).
10513:
10453:
10365:from the original on 14 August 2020
10307:from the original on 8 October 2020
10227:Keenapan, Nattha (31 August 2001).
10111:from the original on 5 January 2021
10031:
9846:from the original on 20 August 2007
9603:
9542:
9423:
9143:"Embracing Yaoi Manga: Youka Nitta"
9019:
8198:Mizoguchi, Akiko (September 2010).
8179:
7885:from the original on 8 January 2021
7812:Keller, Katherine (February 2008).
7569:"Yaoi 101: Girls Love "Boys' Love""
7153:
6955:Baudinette, Thomas (3 April 2019).
6710:
6408:
6402:
6390:from the original on March 26, 2020
6360:from the original on March 27, 2020
5839:
5324:
4836:child pornography laws in Australia
4339:In Taiwan, the BL anthology series
4166:Major producers of Thai BL include
4104:The Cornered Mouse Dreams of Cheese
4064:as its central plot conceit. While
4060:(2016), which features an all-male
4004:in 1988, which was published as a "
3049:. She notes this is likely why the
1963:, whose works were among the first
1049:. By the 1980s, magazines aimed at
261:works) culture as a portmanteau of
24:
16760:List of American independent films
12694:International Journal of Comic Art
12444:
12414:State University of New York Press
12367:. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.
11391:Kikan Toshi II (Quarterly City II)
10732:
10414:
10135:Komatsu, Mikikaze (15 July 2022).
9337:California State University, Chico
8639:Manga: 60 Years of Japanese Comics
8589:Journal of Popular Romance Studies
7693:from the original on 12 March 2007
7481:Interview: Erica Friedman – Page 2
7352:Grace, Madison (24 January 2017).
7038:
6945:
4842:"may lend themselves to targeting
4676:fans, including himself, were gay
4314:
4288:Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation
3777:under their Be Beautiful imprint,
3402:was established as a companion to
3392:was established as a companion to
3325:List of boys' love anime and manga
2205:The economic crisis caused by the
2166:: author Chiyo Kurihara abandoned
2043:standards of the 1970s and 1980s.
25:
17508:
17487:LGBTQ-related mass media in Japan
12786:
12741:Solomon, Charles (30 June 2004).
12404:(2004). Kelly, William W. (ed.).
11553:Yaoi genron: yaoi kara mieta mono
11230:Transformative Works and Cultures
10396:from the original on 24 June 2019
10194:Koaysomboon, Top (11 June 2020).
9925:
9760:. 29 October 2007. Archived from
9669:Transformative Works and Cultures
9207:Transformative Works and Cultures
8883:from the original on 5 March 2022
8642:. Harper Design. pp. 80–81.
8476:on the Regional and Global Scale"
8184:. New York: Routledge: 1445–1447.
8182:Encyclopedia of Erotic Literature
7910:Transformative Works and Cultures
7904:Kamm, Björn-Ole (15 March 2013).
7320:"平成BL漫画の絵柄遍歴を描いてみた (in Japanese)"
5332:Transformative Works and Cultures
5078:yama nashi, ochi nashi, imi nashi
3940:manga are now defunct, including
3844:, which compared the film to gay
3765:under their Kitty Media imprint,
3182:, in contrast to the androgynous
2431:The protagonists of BL are often
2154:fans and artists contending that
2126:The mid-1990s saw the so-called "
1948:1990s: Mainstream popularity and
1197:Typically written as the acronym
1156:yama nashi, ochi nashi, imi nashi
263:yama nashi, ochi nashi, imi nashi
81:, also known by its abbreviation
17414:
17402:
17376:
16966:
16957:
16956:
13832:LGBT Understanding Promotion Act
13760:
13755:
13709:
13708:
13697:
13665:Non-binary characters in fiction
13123:List of transgender publications
12047:
11988:
11962:Gan, Nectar (18 November 2018).
11955:
11943:from the original on 15 May 2019
11925:
11859:
11840:
11807:
11721:
11690:
11659:
11543:
11512:
11487:
11454:
11439:
11407:
11287:
11262:
11217:
11178:
11141:
11073:
11022:The 130th Annual Meeting of APHA
10913:
10854:
10805:
10763:
10726:
10700:
10670:
10650:
10644:
10616:
10588:
10540:
10534:
10507:
10477:
10447:
10408:
10344:
10331:Seoul International Drama Awards
10319:
10295:de Guzman, Chad (16 June 2020).
10161:
9980:
9950:
9919:
9889:
9858:
9828:
9798:
9768:
9746:
9727:
9694:
9655:
9597:
9567:
9543:Cha, Kai-Ming (10 August 2008).
9518:"Reading Boys' Love in the West"
9448:
9417:
9386:
9371:
9356:
9300:
9243:
9210:
9190:
9165:
9104:
9073:
9044:
9013:
8948:
8932:(in Japanese). 22 January 2017.
8918:
8902:Alter, Alexandra (23 May 2020).
8865:
8811:Alter, Alexandra (23 May 2020).
8804:
8602:Lawrence, Briana (7 July 2010).
8595:
8576:
8550:Valenti, Kristy L. (July 2005).
8463:
8432:
8273:
8242:
8114:
8053:
8022:
7897:
7867:
7836:
7705:
7642:
7473:
7383:Grace, Madison (27 March 2017).
7218:Kinsella, Sharon (Summer 1998).
6348:Kincaid, Chris (March 8, 2013).
5111:
4894:
4880:
4866:
4848:/BL work". He notes that in the
4235:Seoul International Drama Awards
4118:to create the programming block
3674:) or complementary objects like
2395:
2386:
2377:
2178:2000s–present: Globalization of
1632:were among the most significant
881:
287:and de-emphasize socio-cultural
207:
14427:
14231:Nana-chome & Higashi-Ueno (
13660:Media portrayal of pansexuality
13164:Media portrayals of bisexuality
12793:Chil-Chil: Japanese BL Database
12710:; Kannenberg, Gene Jr. (2009).
12172:Homosexualité et manga: Le yaoi
12159:Homosexualité et manga: Le yaoi
12150:Homosexualité et manga: Le yaoi
12137:Homosexualité et manga: Le yaoi
12128:Homosexualité et manga: Le yaoi
12101:Homosexualité et manga: le yaoi
12091:
11995:Bai, Meijiadai (4 March 2022).
11393:. Tokyo: Kawade Shobō Shinsha.
10495:(in Japanese). 17 November 2023
10384:Zhang, Phoebe (4 August 2018).
10107:(in Japanese). 4 October 2020.
9864:
9662:Glasspool, Lucy Hannah (2013).
9424:Cha, Kai-Ming (13 March 2007).
9051:Ishikawa, Yu (September 2008).
7776:Masaki, Lyle (6 January 2008).
7683:"Boy's Love and Yaoi Revisited"
7438:
7287:Monden, Masafumi (April 2018).
7280:
7147:
7103:Xu, Yanrui; Yang, Ling (2013).
7096:
7007:
6704:
6341:
6272:McHarry, Mark (November 2003).
6133:
5890:
5478:
5318:
5235:. Intersections. Archived from
5087:
5066:
5041:
5016:
4769:
4680:. Sandra Buckley believes that
4319:In South Korea, the web series
4016:Live action television and film
3971:
3906:by Daria McGrain, published by
3888:original English-language manga
3678:. In Japan, the labeling of BL
3634:to their BL fans. BL fans may "
3614:, two titles which popularized
3521:and a particular popularity of
3053:of many BL stories depicts the
2957:) temporal undertones but also
2860:
2540:
1984:authors to their publications;
1936:were adapted into anime in the
1916:; the 1982 anime adaptation of
1836:began to compete with the term
1682:below), and in 1975, the first
1448:: boys and young men, often in
1363:, as seen in practices such as
17133:Original video animation (OVA)
14349:LGBT themes in anime and manga
13837:Recognition of same-sex unions
13670:Intersex characters in fiction
12663:Nagaike, Kazumi (3 May 2012).
12203:10.1080/13200968.2005.10854344
12144:de Bats, Hadrien (2008b). "Le
11933:"天天故事会:神秘写手落网记[超级新闻场]"
11198:. October 2007. Archived from
11082:"Anime North's bent offerings"
9987:Malone, Paul M. (April 2009).
9958:"Anne Delseit, Martina Peters"
9867:"A Year of Yaoi At Iris Print"
9330:Toku, Masami N (6 June 2002).
8989:Nagaike, Kazumi (April 2009).
8583:Zsila, Ágnes (12 April 2017).
8560:. No. 269. Archived from
8502:Harada, Ichibo (9 July 2019).
8372:Shamoon, Deborah (July 2004).
8205:. In Berndt, Jaqueline (ed.).
7180:Davis, Rebecca (5 June 2020).
5879:WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly
5842:"Yaoi Manga: What Girls Like?"
5840:Cha, Kai-Ming (7 March 2005).
5001:
4986:
4392:List of boys' love video games
4385:
4241:in Southeast Asia and beyond.
2972:are often associated with BL.
2865:BL stories are often strongly
2619:"bottom", as derived from the
1753:In reaction to the success of
980:"beautiful boys"), a term for
13:
1:
17492:LGBTQ-related anime and manga
13655:Media portrayal of asexuality
12073:10.1080/10304312.2024.2357335
12013:10.1080/09502386.2021.1912805
11125:Understanding Manga and Anime
10879:10.1080/21504857.2018.1512508
10657:The Philippine Daily Inquirer
10491:, is a two-part movie.].
10454:Son, Jin-ah (20 April 2020).
9734:Arrant, Chris (6 June 2006).
9080:Lees Sharon-Ann (July 2006).
9020:Loo, Egan (13 October 2010).
8879:(in Japanese). 11 July 2018.
8470:Williams, Alan (March 2015).
8098:University of Minnesota Press
8094:Robot Ghosts and Wired Dreams
7616:Jones, V.E. (25 April 2005).
6973:10.1080/0967828X.2019.1627762
6827:McLelland, Mark (2006–2007).
6384:Center for East Asian Studies
5637:Lunsing, Wim (January 2006).
5597:Robot Ghosts and Wired Dreams
5450:Aoyama, Tomoko (April 2009).
5136:
4444:
4379:The Boy Foretold by the Stars
4134:The Thai romantic drama film
3757:under their SuBLime imprint,
3302:social hierarchies in animals
2970:Eroticized depictions of rape
2919:publications. Fujimoto cites
2625:. These terms originated in
2509:are not exclusive to BL, the
2331:reading of the Japanese term
2273:financial crisis of 2007–2008
17128:Original net animation (ONA)
14073:The Life of an Amorous Woman
12873:Blue Metropolis Violet Prize
12099:Brient, Hervé, ed. (2008a).
11814:Cha, Kai-Ming (9 May 2006).
11775:, New York, 16 October 1993.
11550:Sakakibara, Shihomi (1998).
11362:Schodt, Frederik L. (1983).
11080:Boon, Miriam (24 May 2007).
10774:. Yaoi Press. Archived from
10421:Media, Culture & Society
10055:10.1007/978-3-030-01485-8_12
9782:. April 2008. Archived from
9754:"Links to Yaoi-Con coverage"
9141:O'Connell, M. (April 2006).
8380:. Duke University Press: 86.
8299:10.9744/katakita.9.3.364-371
8249:Salek, Rebecca (June 2005).
7843:Manry, Gia (16 April 2008).
7814:"Seme and Uke? Make Me Puke"
7649:Sihombing, Febriani (2011).
7490:"Because the dynamic of the
7121:10.1080/21504857.2013.771378
7014:tbaudinette (7 March 2020).
5759:10.1371/journal.pone.0198895
5072:Kubota Mitsuyoshi says that
4796:Osaka Prefectural Government
4704:
4251:censorship policies in China
3416:per month, manga generating
3103:Subgenres and related genres
2804:Diminished female characters
2287:(2006) by Park Hee-jung and
2072:An increasing proportion of
1328:Before 1970: The origins of
7:
17457:Anime and manga terminology
17014:Animation industry in Japan
14117:Genderless fashion in Japan
12525:Brient, Hervé, ed. (2012).
12166:Sylvius, Peggy (2008). "Le
11899:Loo, Egan (28 April 2010).
11308:10.1007/978-3-319-97229-9_5
10595:Biong, Ian (19 June 2020).
10101:"男性同士の恋愛描く「BL」作品がメジャー化した理由"
9332:"Interview with Mr. Sagawa"
9219:"Harry Potter Loves Malfoy"
9174:Manga's cultural crossroads
8788:. Akibanana. Archived from
8396:"Romance by Any Other Name"
8092:(eds.). "Otaku Sexuality".
8062:Manga's cultural crossroads
7986:Fletcher, Dani (May 2002).
7681:Avila, Kat (January 2005).
7573:Wellesley Centers for Women
7567:Camper, Cathy (June 2006).
7225:Journal of Japanese Studies
7048:Baudinette, Thomas (2020).
6274:"Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love"
6208:McLelland & Welker 2015
5986:McLelland & Welker 2015
5974:McLelland & Welker 2015
5950:McLelland & Welker 2015
5119:What Did You Eat Yesterday?
5108:is also less commonly used.
5095:
5034:
4930:Glossary of anime and manga
4911:
4859:
4844:
4826:
4750:
4717:
4711:
4672:
4634:
4605:
4582:
4525:
4465:
4129:
4088:What Did You Eat Yesterday?
3964:
3954:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3898:
3892:
3882:
3873:
3805:
3794:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3719:English-language publishing
3616:
3549:
3503:
3471:
3451:
3266:
3250:
3216:
3210:
3166:is a genre focused on male
3151:
3122:
2853:
2811:
2720:tropes. The possibility of
2602:
2592:"top", as derived from the
2575:
2573:) are often referred to as
2474:
2472:manga (and subsequently in
2433:
2360:
2345:streaming service providers
2089:
2013:
1980:
1742:
1713:
1704:
1698:
1688:
1672:
1490:
1348:
1284:
1274:
1259:
1249:
1210:
1189:
1155:
1070:
1051:
1033:
844:
836:
826:
817:
790:
780:
744:
734:
725:
677:
658:
644:
625:
616:
607:
584:
560:
551:
542:
533:
473:
459:
450:
251:
199:
94:
75:
10:
17513:
16651:Classical Hollywood cinema
15840:Commedia sexy all'italiana
14748:Exploitation film template
14692:Commedia sexy all'italiana
14035:The Lady who Loved Insects
13790:Sexual minorities in Japan
13142:Other literature and media
12511:Cambridge University Press
12475:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal
12308:Boys Love Manga and Beyond
12281:Boys Love Manga and Beyond
11866:Loo, Egan (4 April 2020).
11697:Johnson, M.J. (May 2002).
11494:Eckstein, Kristin (2006).
11476:(1): 87–99. Archived from
11461:Hashimoto, Miyuki (2007).
11123:Brenner, Robin E. (2007).
10831:10.1007/s12119-020-09783-9
10168:Watson, Joey; Jirik, Kim.
8163:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal
7952:Lees, Sharon (June 2006).
7531:Social & Legal Studies
7414:Aoki, Deb (22 July 2015).
5795:"BL vs Yaoi vs Shounen-ai"
5171:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal
4945:Sexual minorities in Japan
4792:Sakai City Central Library
4758:has suggested that BL and
4721:debate" of 1992–1997 (see
4448:
4389:
4233:(2020) was awarded by the
4019:
3916:works, the term "American
3871:Original English-language
3801:Diamond Comic Distributors
3458:
3420:per month, CDs generating
3322:
3208:-themed publications: the
3170:, as created primarily by
3106:
3078:
2997:. Such scenes are often a
2712:, not all works adhere to
2366:
2221:media increased. In 2004,
2039:, and moved away from the
1971:The growing popularity of
1657:magazines were published:
1571:and a major figure in the
1322:
1028:"aesthete" or "aesthetic")
888:Anime and manga portal
865:Anime-influenced animation
174:"aesthete" or "aesthetic")
29:
17372:
17306:
17274:
17156:
17120:
17054:
17033:
17020:
16952:
16555:
16473:
16218:German underground horror
16173:Documentary Film Movement
16081:American eccentric cinema
16066:
15312:
14438:
14341:
14216:
14198:Asian Queer Film Festival
14185:
14125:
14097:
14090:
14064:
14044:
13980:
13973:
13920:
13864:
13857:
13797:
13785:
13692:
13680:cross-dressing characters
13675:Gay characters in fiction
13647:
13626:
13583:
13552:
13500:
13455:Children's TV programming
13428:
13347:
13237:
13230:
13172:
13141:
13112:
13058:
12985:
12978:
12927:
12891:
12883:Gaylactic Spectrum Awards
12845:
12836:
11699:"A Brief History of Yaoi"
10772:"Yaoi Computer Games Nil"
10755:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
10602:Philippine Daily Inquirer
10433:10.1177/01634437221104713
8961:Manga: The Complete Guide
7479:Aoki, Deb (3 March 2007)
6757:Nagaike & Aoyama 2015
5828:Nagaike & Aoyama 2015
5102:
4745:has also been prominent.
4644:lesbianism in pornography
4573:, "rotten older brother")
4569:
4556:
4539:
4463:, a now-defunct American
3539:: the manga artist group
3244:
3223:
3160:
3143:
3139:, also known as gay manga
3133:
3013:falling in love with the
2790:
2773:
2735:
2611:
2584:
2442:
2417:influenced depictions of
2213:market; on the contrary,
2138:from 1992 to 1997. In an
1642:(1974–1975) by Hagio and
1514:
1391:
1372:
1204:
1183:
1162:
1133:
1083:
1020:
939:
315:Etymology and terminology
241:
185:
166:
147:
88:
66:
17275:Anime programming blocks
17067:Animax Anison Grand Prix
12899:Gaylaxicon SF convention
12641:10.1177/1367877911421082
12623:McLelland, Mark (2011).
12363:McLelland, Mark (2000).
12183:McLelland, Mark (2005).
11969:South China Morning Post
11557:. Tokyo: Natsume Shobo.
11194:University of Wollongong
10489:Semantic Error the Movie
10390:South China Morning Post
10267:South China Morning Post
9545:"Brokeback comics craze"
9475:10.1525/srsp.2007.4.1.93
9395:"Queer love manga style"
9053:"Yaoi: Fan Art in Japan"
7875:"What is Seme/Uke/Riba?"
7712:Kamm, Björn-Ole (2010).
7543:10.1177/0964663909103623
7154:Liu, Ting (April 2009).
6961:South East Asia Research
6646:10.4324/9781315168302-13
6409:Liu, Ting (April 2009).
5106:, "stop, my ass hurts!")
4979:
4935:Human-oriented sexualism
4244:
4220:cancelled the BL series
4183:A Tale of Thousand Stars
4026:
3962:also published original
3950:Digital Manga Publishing
3822:original video animation
3767:Seven Seas Entertainment
3759:Digital Manga Publishing
3731:in San Francisco in 2009
3318:
3256:is a genre that depicts
3214:BDSM anthology magazine
2291:(2006) by Lee Kyung-ha.
1998:series published in the
1938:original video animation
1789:, launched the magazine
1438:(boys' comics) magazine
1376:, same-sex love between
1288:and boys' love excludes
375:Original video animation
27:Homoerotic fiction genre
17325:List of anime directors
17082:Japan Media Arts Awards
16153:Cinema of Transgression
15287:Cinema of Transgression
13084:List of lesbian fiction
12595:McFarland & Company
12509:, Yoshio Sugimoto eds.
11816:"Embracing Youka Nitta"
11525:Center for Book Culture
11423:. Bungei shunjū: 82–83.
10818:Sexuality & Culture
9709:The Mark of Ashen Wings
9579:Ariztical Entertainment
9549:San Francisco Chronicle
9271:10.1177/147035704043041
9203:21 January 2012 at the
7506:manga than there is in
6033:. Project MUSE: 64–79.
6021:Vincent, Keith (2007).
5601:University of Minnesota
4230:I Told Sunset About You
3700:Mobile Suit Gundam Wing
2964:
2842:were often regarded as
1959:The manga artist group
1828:was such that the term
1535:(girls' comics) series
1089:Japanese pronunciation:
992:works were inspired by
988:male characters. Early
299:or active pursuer, and
17452:Anime and manga genres
16373:The Prague film school
16238:Hollywood on the Tiber
14012:Torikaebaya Monogatari
13872:Homosexuality in Japan
13245:Modern written fiction
13114:Transgender literature
12858:Lambda Literary Awards
11446:Gravett, Paul (2004).
9378:Levi, Antonia (2008).
9196:McHarry, Mark (2011).
8784:Simona (13 May 2009).
8445:Graphic Novel Reporter
8211:Kyoto Seika University
8042:. "The five pilots of
7082:10.5749/mech.13.1.0101
7066:10.5749/mech.13.1.0101
7054:Mechademia: Second Arc
5261:Bauer, Carola (2013).
5096:yamete, oshiri ga itai
4950:Homosexuality in Japan
4874:Anime and manga portal
4428:Hirameki International
4413:Enzai: Falsely Accused
4376:(2020); the 2020 film
4356:Where Your Eyes Linger
4322:Where Your Eyes Linger
4249:There are no specific
3988:
3732:
3654:, video games such as
3498:
2564:
2202:
1968:
1824:works. The success of
1615:The November Gymnasium
1613:, followed by Hagio's
1576:
1549:1970s and 1980s: From
1352:
1315:. The Japanese use of
1299:In the West, the term
955:historically connoted
380:Original net animation
54:
17062:Animation Kobe Awards
17034:Industry associations
16228:Grupo Cine Liberación
16168:Czechoslovak New Wave
16163:Commedia all'italiana
14510:Commedia all'italiana
12771:10.1353/mec.2011.0007
12487:10.1353/jwj.2013.0001
12161:(in French): 113–115.
12152:(in French): 132–144.
11655:on 28 September 2007.
11243:10.3983/twc.2013.0462
11148:Lunsing, Wim (2001).
10547:Yahoo! News Singapore
10514:이유나 (21 April 2022).
9683:10.3983/twc.2013.0433
9621:Wood, Andrea (2011).
8329:(24 September 2020).
7954:"Yaoi and Boys' Love"
7923:10.3983/twc.2013.0427
7655:Image & Narrative
7459:10.1386/eapc.3.1.59_1
5417:"What is Boys' Love?"
5346:10.3983/twc.2014.0561
4543:, lit. "rotten girl")
4490:LGBT culture in Japan
4400:typically consist of
4309:socialist brotherhood
4174:, which has produced
4152:Love Sick: The Series
4147:Love Sick: The Series
3979:
3827:Kizuna: Bonds of Love
3726:
3651:The Lord of the Rings
3468:
2912:Kizuna: Bonds of Love
2901:than it is in reality
2895:featuring stories of
2848:internalized misogyny
2728:nature of the roles.
2652:" demeanour than the
2554:
2189:
1958:
1708:and gay manga. Early
1563:
1380:and their companions)
1338:
42:
16755:Guerrilla filmmaking
16418:Kitchen sink realism
16303:New French Extremity
16213:German Expressionist
16121:Kitchen sink realism
15986:Contemporary Western
15766:Environmental issues
15297:New French Extremity
15255:New French Extremity
15080:Softcore pornography
15075:Hardcore pornography
14942:New French Extremity
14387:OCCUR (organization)
13159:Bisexual pornography
12868:Bisexual Book Awards
12863:Stonewall Book Award
11828:on 18 September 2008
10172:. ABC News Australia
9938:on 18 September 2012
9690:on 14 December 2014.
9436:on 24 September 2012
9344:on 26 September 2011
9259:Visual Communication
9118:. 22 December 2015.
8997:(20). Archived from
8849:. 22 December 2019.
8679:. pp. 120–123.
8482:(37). Archived from
8213:. pp. 145–170.
7824:on 14 September 2012
7718:(in German). Kovac.
7426:on 24 September 2017
7385:"Yaoi: then vs. now"
7162:(20). Archived from
5032:reading of the word
4955:Pornography in Japan
4940:LGBT rights in Japan
4560:, lit. "rotten boy")
4345:premiered in 2017.
4297:a live-action series
4112:Kadokawa Corporation
3803:valued the sales of
3703:in North America on
3690:being first and the
3671:Hetalia: Axis Powers
3543:began as an amateur
3519:narrative structures
3094:. By the mid-1990s,
3027:. Kristy Valenti of
2660:usually pursues the
2555:Artwork depicting a
2350:broadcast television
2201:fandom in the 2000s.
1420:. Illustrations by
1263:has been used as an
1153:is a portmanteau of
435:International market
17462:Gay male mass media
17092:Newtype Anime Award
16491:Children and family
16465:Yugoslav Black Wave
16338:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
16223:Nigerian Golden Age
16188:European art cinema
16091:Australian New Wave
13956:transgender shamans
13222:Single-gender world
13200:Speculative fiction
12965:Dutch-language area
12878:Dayne Ogilvie Prize
12743:"Young men in love"
12569:Lewis, Marilyn Jaye
12319:. pp. 93–118.
12310:. pp. 119–140.
12174:(in French): 20–37.
12139:(in French): 17–19.
11855:. pp. 124–125.
11853:Collins & Brown
11709:on 25 December 2004
11678:on 20 November 2008
11641:Noh, Sueen (2002).
10778:on 21 November 2008
10714:on 27 February 2009
10684:. 16 January 2006.
10575:The Philippine Star
9764:on 17 October 2011.
9528:(2). Archived from
9319:on 21 October 2014.
9231:on 13 November 2012
9153:on 27 February 2007
9092:on 9 September 2006
9001:on 17 February 2012
8758:Fantagraphics Books
8667:Schodt, Frederik L.
8451:on 28 November 2014
8137:on 31 December 2014
8133:(3). Archived from
7998:on 26 December 2005
7661:(1). Archived from
7486:13 May 2013 at the
7166:on 28 January 2013.
6324:Fernwood Publishing
5803:Dai Nippon Printing
5750:2018PLoSO..1398895Z
5653:on 10 February 2012
5466:on 17 February 2012
5425:Dai Nippon Printing
5047:In Japan, the term
4733:once describing BL
4599:, the 1983 book by
4588:Audience motivation
4492:and instead prefer
4177:2gether: The Series
3904:Sexual Espionage #1
3813:6 million in 2007.
3684:multiplication sign
3294:dominance hierarchy
2413:, and kabuki actor
2356:Concepts and themes
2249:readers were male.
2008:, was originally a
1847:was declining, and
1639:The Heart of Thomas
1474:European literature
1278:is used to denote
1066:Tatsuhiko Shibusawa
1043:Jun'ichirō Tanizaki
994:European literature
502:Best-selling series
322:Part of a series on
17477:Japanese sex terms
17321:Animation director
17097:Ōfuji Noburō Award
16789:Major film studios
16383:Pure Film Movement
16363:Polish Film School
16263:Italian neorealist
16243:Hong Kong New Wave
15845:Mexican sex comedy
14902:German underground
14208:Rainbow Reel Tokyo
13060:Lesbian literature
12914:Saints and Sinners
12430:on 9 December 2013
12170:en francophonie".
12130:(in French): 5–11.
11906:Anime News Network
11873:Anime News Network
11531:on 9 February 2008
10682:Anime News Network
10415:Ge, Liang (2022).
10273:on 11 October 2020
9897:"Iris Print Wilts"
9840:Anime News Network
9810:Anime News Network
9585:on 9 November 2020
9555:on 18 October 2011
9405:on 4 December 2014
9288:on 2 November 2018
9032:on 14 January 2012
9026:Anime News Network
8908:The New York Times
8847:Anime News Network
8817:The New York Times
8677:Stone Bridge Press
8557:The Comics Journal
8540:, p. 257–258.
8019:, p. 259–260.
7420:Manga Comics Manga
6711:Liu, Ting (2009).
6686:, p. 113–115.
6254:on 20 August 2009.
6184:10.1353/mec.0.0013
6039:10.1353/mec.0.0000
5940:, p. 133-134.
5917:10.1353/mec.0.0017
5325:Wei, John (2014).
5239:on 8 November 2014
4764:social environment
4731:Yoshihiro Yonezawa
4601:Frederik L. Schodt
4423:Absolute Obedience
4293:an animated series
4170:, a subsidiary of
3997:voice performances
3989:
3948:, and Iris Print.
3775:Central Park Media
3733:
3623:Weekly Shonen Jump
3499:
3030:The Comics Journal
2623:verb "to receive")
2565:
2203:
2025:were established:
1969:
1577:
1567:, a member of the
1355:Homosexuality and
1353:
996:, the writings of
521:Demographic groups
405:Longest franchises
55:
17482:LGBTQ terminology
17390:
17389:
17112:Tokyo Anime Award
17107:Sugoi Japan Award
16980:
16979:
16919:Socialist realist
16631:Behind-the-scenes
16408:Socialist realist
16403:Spaghetti Western
16393:Romanian New Wave
16268:Japanese New Wave
15934:Sword and sorcery
15850:Nazi exploitation
15432:Mumbai underworld
15188:Planetary romance
14395:
14394:
14337:
14336:
14227:Shinjuku Ni-chōme
14086:
14085:
14082:
14081:
13998:The Tale of Genji
13722:
13721:
13688:
13687:
13634:Western animation
13596:directed by women
13548:
13547:
13460:Radio and podcast
13424:
13423:
12919:Violet Metropolis
12748:Los Angeles Times
12725:978-0-8109-7277-3
12676:978-90-04-21695-2
12618:978-1-59158-908-2
12604:978-0-7864-4195-2
12549:978-0-8153-1880-4
12536:979-10-90728-00-4
12465:978-0-8166-6970-7
12283:. pp. 3–20.
12110:978-2-9531781-0-4
11821:Publishers Weekly
11739:978-1-4039-7490-7
11505:978-3-8253-6538-7
11317:978-3-319-97229-9
11280:978-0-7391-2753-7
11159:978-0-7103-0593-0
11134:978-1-59158-332-5
11002:978-0-8108-5121-4
10632:. 28 October 2020
10541:Teng, Yong Ping.
10201:Time Out Thailand
10064:978-3-030-01485-8
9926:Lissa, Pattillo.
9871:Publishers Weekly
9758:Icarus Publishing
9702:Pagliassotti, Dru
9532:on 1 August 2012.
9516:(November 2008).
9514:Pagliassotti, Dru
9489:on 27 August 2018
9430:Publishers Weekly
8975:978-0-345-48590-8
8845:(Press release).
8792:on 3 October 2009
8439:Wildsmith, Snow.
8220:978-4-905187-01-1
8107:978-0-8166-4974-7
8090:Tatsumi, Takayuki
7964:on 2 January 2016
7881:. 27 March 2020.
7725:978-3-8300-4941-8
7020:Thomas Baudinette
6843:on 15 April 2008.
6560:on 19 March 2015.
6284:on 17 April 2008.
6247:The Village Voice
6154:978-0-8166-6970-7
5847:Publishers Weekly
5805:. 11 April 2020.
5609:978-0-8166-4974-7
5527:978-0-7391-2753-7
5372:, pp. 52–53.
5154:, p. 93–118.
5057:Japanese wordplay
4333:social phenomenon
4291:was adapted into
4189:SOTUS: The Series
4054:television drama
4033:television dramas
4022:List of BL dramas
3783:Aurora Publishing
3581:Shungiku Nakamura
3525:themes. Early BL
3438:Magazine Be × Boy
3332:Magazine Be × Boy
3060:Under Grand Hotel
3024:Kaze to Ki no Uta
3001:used to make the
2598:verb "to attack")
2112:Cardcaptor Sakura
2109:(1991–1994), and
2028:Magazine Be × Boy
1928:Kaze to Ki no Uta
1767:Magazine Magazine
1645:Kaze to Ki no Uta
1620:Takemiya, Hagio,
1505:, the concept of
1478:Gothic literature
1047:Yasunari Kawabata
922:
921:
775:Anime music video
32:Boys Love (manga)
16:(Redirected from
17504:
17467:Gay male erotica
17419:
17418:
17417:
17407:
17406:
17398:
17380:
17199:Tentacle erotica
17072:Anime Grand Prix
17025:History of anime
17007:
17000:
16993:
16984:
16983:
16970:
16960:
16959:
16939:Vulgar auteurism
16767:Interstitial art
16745:Hyperlink cinema
16460:Vulgar auteurism
16455:Toronto New Wave
16445:Telefoni Bianchi
16440:Sword-and-sandal
16258:Italian futurist
16253:Iranian New Wave
16116:British New Wave
15929:Sword-and-sandal
15810:Rape and revenge
15751:Mouth of Garbage
15597:Tentacle erotica
15545:Goona-goona epic
15525:Extraterrestrial
15412:Heroic bloodshed
15046:Occult detective
14877:Christmas horror
14729:Sword-and-sandal
14461:Hong Kong action
14456:Heroic bloodshed
14422:
14415:
14408:
14399:
14398:
14095:
14094:
14055:Chigo Monogatari
14026:Ariake no Wakare
13978:
13977:
13964:Oyamakui no Kami
13862:
13861:
13842:Partnership oath
13764:
13759:
13749:
13742:
13735:
13726:
13725:
13712:
13711:
13704:LGBTQ portal
13702:
13701:
13700:
13435:
13434:
13235:
13234:
13231:LGBTQ characters
13128:Media portrayals
13104:Media portrayals
13050:Media portrayals
13006:Early gay novels
12983:
12982:
12822:
12815:
12808:
12799:
12798:
12782:
12729:
12716:Abrams ComicArts
12702:
12687:
12685:
12683:
12655:McLelland, Mark
12652:
12608:
12540:
12498:
12469:
12439:
12437:
12435:
12426:. Archived from
12397:
12378:
12355:
12328:
12311:
12302:
12275:
12262:
12237:
12218:
12217:on 19 July 2008.
12213:. Archived from
12175:
12162:
12153:
12140:
12131:
12114:
12086:
12085:
12075:
12051:
12045:
12044:
12042:
12040:
12001:Cultural Studies
11992:
11986:
11985:
11983:
11981:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11948:
11929:
11923:
11922:
11920:
11918:
11896:
11890:
11889:
11887:
11885:
11863:
11857:
11856:
11844:
11838:
11837:
11835:
11833:
11824:. Archived from
11811:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11800:
11795:on 20 April 2013
11785:
11776:
11762:
11756:
11750:
11744:
11743:
11725:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11714:
11705:. Archived from
11694:
11688:
11687:
11685:
11683:
11674:. Archived from
11663:
11657:
11656:
11654:
11648:. Archived from
11647:
11638:
11632:
11631:
11603:
11594:
11593:
11575:
11569:
11568:
11547:
11541:
11540:
11538:
11536:
11527:. Archived from
11516:
11510:
11509:
11491:
11485:
11484:
11482:
11467:
11458:
11452:
11451:
11443:
11437:
11431:
11425:
11424:
11411:
11405:
11404:
11386:
11380:
11379:
11359:
11353:
11347:
11341:
11340:
11339:
11337:
11291:
11285:
11284:
11266:
11260:
11259:
11257:
11255:
11245:
11221:
11215:
11214:
11212:
11210:
11204:
11190:
11182:
11176:
11170:
11164:
11163:
11145:
11139:
11138:
11120:
11114:
11108:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11097:
11092:on 15 March 2008
11088:. Archived from
11077:
11071:
11070:
11068:
11066:
11044:
11038:
11037:
11035:
11033:
11013:
11007:
11006:
10988:
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10978:
10950:
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10943:
10941:
10939:
10917:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10906:
10858:
10852:
10851:
10833:
10809:
10803:
10797:
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10787:
10785:
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10767:
10761:
10760:
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10744:
10742:
10730:
10724:
10723:
10721:
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10698:
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10693:
10674:
10668:
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10663:
10648:
10642:
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10639:
10637:
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10614:
10613:
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10609:
10592:
10586:
10585:
10583:
10581:
10567:
10558:
10557:
10555:
10553:
10538:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10527:
10511:
10505:
10504:
10502:
10500:
10493:PORTALFIELD News
10481:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10470:
10451:
10445:
10444:
10427:(5): 1021–1033.
10412:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10401:
10381:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10370:
10348:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10337:
10323:
10317:
10316:
10314:
10312:
10292:
10283:
10282:
10280:
10278:
10269:. Archived from
10258:
10249:
10248:
10246:
10244:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10213:
10191:
10182:
10181:
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10118:
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10097:
10088:
10087:
10086:
10084:
10038:
10029:
10023:
10017:
10016:
10014:
10012:
10003:. Archived from
9984:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9973:
9964:. Archived from
9954:
9948:
9947:
9945:
9943:
9934:. Archived from
9923:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9912:
9903:. Archived from
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9882:
9873:. Archived from
9862:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9821:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9772:
9766:
9765:
9750:
9744:
9743:
9742:on 16 June 2006.
9738:. Archived from
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9711:. Archived from
9698:
9692:
9691:
9686:. Archived from
9685:
9659:
9653:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9618:
9612:
9611:
9601:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9590:
9581:. Archived from
9571:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9560:
9551:. Archived from
9540:
9534:
9533:
9510:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9494:
9485:. Archived from
9452:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9441:
9432:. Archived from
9421:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9410:
9401:. Archived from
9390:
9384:
9383:
9375:
9369:
9368:
9360:
9354:
9353:
9351:
9349:
9340:. Archived from
9327:
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9320:
9315:. Archived from
9304:
9298:
9297:
9295:
9293:
9287:
9281:. Archived from
9256:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9227:. Archived from
9214:
9208:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9149:. Archived from
9138:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9108:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9097:
9088:. Archived from
9077:
9071:
9070:
9069:on 22 July 2011.
9068:
9057:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9037:
9028:. Archived from
9017:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9006:
8986:
8980:
8979:
8952:
8946:
8945:
8943:
8941:
8922:
8916:
8915:
8914:on 11 June 2020.
8910:. Archived from
8899:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8888:
8869:
8863:
8862:
8860:
8858:
8839:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8828:
8819:. Archived from
8808:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8781:
8772:
8771:
8748:Kolbeins, Graham
8736:
8727:
8721:
8715:
8709:
8703:
8697:
8691:
8690:
8663:
8654:
8653:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8610:. Archived from
8599:
8593:
8592:
8580:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8564:on 27 March 2012
8547:
8541:
8535:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8521:
8499:
8488:
8487:
8486:on 8 April 2022.
8467:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8456:
8447:. Archived from
8436:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8404:. Archived from
8391:
8382:
8381:
8369:
8363:
8362:, p. 17–19.
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8327:Fujimoto, Yukari
8323:
8312:
8311:
8301:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8257:. Archived from
8246:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8229:
8223:. Archived from
8204:
8195:
8186:
8185:
8177:
8171:
8170:
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8147:
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8076:
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8057:
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8026:
8020:
8014:
8008:
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8003:
7994:. Archived from
7983:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7960:. Archived from
7949:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7935:
7925:
7901:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7890:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7851:. Archived from
7840:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7820:. Archived from
7809:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7786:. Archived from
7773:
7762:
7756:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7698:
7678:
7667:
7666:
7665:on 21 July 2015.
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7626:. Archived from
7623:The Boston Globe
7613:
7604:
7598:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7579:on 15 April 2012
7575:. Archived from
7564:
7555:
7554:
7526:
7511:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7422:. Archived from
7411:
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7374:
7373:
7371:
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6940:
6938:
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6905:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6878:
6869:
6868:, p. 36-37.
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6839:. Archived from
6824:
6811:
6805:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6771:, p. 65-66.
6766:
6760:
6754:
6748:
6742:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6708:
6702:
6701:, p. 20-23.
6696:
6687:
6681:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6629:
6616:
6610:
6601:
6595:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6548:
6539:
6530:
6529:, p. 64-65.
6524:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6478:, p. 60-62.
6473:
6467:
6461:
6455:
6454:, p. 59–60.
6449:
6443:
6437:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6345:
6339:
6338:, p. 54–56.
6333:
6327:
6319:
6313:
6312:, p. 55–56.
6307:
6301:
6295:
6286:
6285:
6280:. Archived from
6269:
6256:
6255:
6250:. Archived from
6242:"Drawn Together"
6237:
6226:
6220:
6211:
6205:
6196:
6195:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6084:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6018:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5873:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5771:
5761:
5727:
5710:
5709:
5708:on 10 June 2010.
5704:. Archived from
5693:
5678:
5672:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5649:. Archived from
5634:
5611:
5592:Takayuki Tatsumi
5581:
5572:
5571:
5543:
5532:
5531:
5513:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5462:. Archived from
5447:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5427:. 8 March 2020.
5413:
5402:
5401:
5396:. Archived from
5394:aestheticism.com
5386:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5348:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5298:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5258:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5228:
5219:
5218:
5190:
5179:
5178:
5166:
5155:
5149:
5130:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5085:
5070:
5064:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5020:
5014:
5005:
4999:
4990:
4914:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4847:
4829:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4753:
4720:
4714:
4675:
4637:
4611:female sexuality
4608:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4528:
4468:
4206:Line Corporation
4079:
3967:
3957:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3901:
3895:
3885:
3876:
3846:art house cinema
3808:
3797:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3729:Books Kinokuniya
3666:personifications
3619:
3552:
3547:circle creating
3531:derivative works
3509:(self-published
3508:
3477:derivative works
3474:
3454:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3378:
3269:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3069:content analysis
3051:narrative climax
2959:non-identitarian
2938:escapist fiction
2934:Libre Publishing
2887:gender hierarchy
2856:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2685:", and that the
2624:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2503:Bandō Tamasaburō
2482:artists such as
2477:
2451:
2450:"beautiful boy")
2449:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2415:Bandō Tamasaburō
2399:
2390:
2381:
2258:anime convention
2092:
2057:. Consequently,
2016:
1983:
1899:
1805:
1788:
1775:
1745:
1725:artists such as
1719:derivative works
1716:
1707:
1701:
1691:
1677:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1493:
1458:A Lovers' Forest
1430:
1422:Kashō Takabatake
1411:anti-sodomy laws
1400:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1351:
1287:
1277:
1262:
1252:
1241:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1110:derivative works
1097:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1054:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1011:they grew older.
979:
948:
946:
942:
941:
934:
933:
914:
907:
900:
886:
885:
849:
839:
831:
822:
793:
785:
747:
737:
728:
682:
663:
649:
630:
621:
612:
587:
563:
554:
545:
536:
478:
464:
455:
342:
319:
318:
256:
248:
246:[jaꜜo.i]
243:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
204:
196:
194:
188:
187:
175:
173:
169:
168:
156:
154:
150:
149:
99:
97:
91:
90:
80:
78:
68:
21:
17512:
17511:
17507:
17506:
17505:
17503:
17502:
17501:
17427:
17426:
17425:
17415:
17413:
17409:Anime and manga
17401:
17393:
17391:
17386:
17368:
17339:Katsudō Shashin
17302:
17270:
17184:Girls with guns
17152:
17116:
17050:
17029:
17016:
17011:
16981:
16976:
16948:
16889:Semidocumentary
16814:Minimalist film
16804:Message picture
16799:Maximalist film
16693:Database cinema
16676:Computer screen
16636:Black-and-white
16561:
16559:
16557:
16551:
16469:
16425:Soviet parallel
16348:Parallel cinema
16343:Pan-Indian film
16273:Kammerspielfilm
16208:French New Wave
16128:Budapest school
16111:Brighton School
16086:New Objectivity
16068:
16062:
16031:Science fiction
15663:Bruceploitation
15572:Girls with guns
15518:Turksploitation
15392:Gentleman thief
15308:
15143:Science fiction
14989:Minimalist film
14984:Maximalist film
14962:Science fiction
14922:Japanese horror
14719:Social guidance
14434:
14426:
14396:
14391:
14333:
14212:
14181:
14169:Otoko-machi Map
14121:
14078:
14060:
14040:
14019:Ima Torikaebaya
14005:The Pillow Book
13969:
13916:
13853:
13793:
13781:
13780:topics in Japan
13753:
13723:
13718:
13698:
13696:
13684:
13643:
13622:
13613:LGBT characters
13579:
13560:Cartoon Network
13544:
13496:
13430:
13420:
13343:
13226:
13217:Anime and manga
13168:
13137:
13108:
13054:
12974:
12923:
12887:
12853:Triangle Awards
12841:
12832:
12831:(LGBTQ) fiction
12826:
12789:
12726:
12681:
12679:
12677:
12605:
12537:
12507:Gavan McCormack
12466:
12452:Angles, Jeffrey
12447:
12445:Further reading
12442:
12433:
12431:
12424:
12394:
12375:
12352:
12299:
12234:
12111:
12094:
12089:
12052:
12048:
12038:
12036:
11993:
11989:
11979:
11977:
11960:
11956:
11946:
11944:
11931:
11930:
11926:
11916:
11914:
11897:
11893:
11883:
11881:
11864:
11860:
11845:
11841:
11831:
11829:
11812:
11808:
11798:
11796:
11787:
11786:
11779:
11763:
11759:
11751:
11747:
11740:
11726:
11722:
11712:
11710:
11703:Sequential Tart
11695:
11691:
11681:
11679:
11664:
11660:
11652:
11645:
11639:
11635:
11604:
11597:
11590:
11576:
11572:
11565:
11548:
11544:
11534:
11532:
11517:
11513:
11506:
11492:
11488:
11483:on 7 June 2011.
11480:
11465:
11459:
11455:
11444:
11440:
11432:
11428:
11415:Takemiya, Keiko
11412:
11408:
11401:
11387:
11383:
11376:
11360:
11356:
11348:
11344:
11335:
11333:
11318:
11292:
11288:
11281:
11267:
11263:
11253:
11251:
11222:
11218:
11208:
11206:
11205:on 21 July 2008
11202:
11188:
11184:
11183:
11179:
11171:
11167:
11160:
11146:
11142:
11135:
11121:
11117:
11109:
11105:
11095:
11093:
11078:
11074:
11064:
11062:
11045:
11041:
11031:
11029:
11014:
11010:
11003:
10989:
10982:
10951:
10947:
10937:
10935:
10918:
10914:
10904:
10902:
10859:
10855:
10810:
10806:
10798:
10791:
10781:
10779:
10768:
10764:
10748:
10747:
10740:
10738:
10731:
10727:
10717:
10715:
10706:
10705:
10701:
10691:
10689:
10676:
10675:
10671:
10661:
10659:
10649:
10645:
10635:
10633:
10622:
10621:
10617:
10607:
10605:
10593:
10589:
10579:
10577:
10569:
10568:
10561:
10551:
10549:
10539:
10535:
10525:
10523:
10512:
10508:
10498:
10496:
10483:
10482:
10478:
10468:
10466:
10452:
10448:
10413:
10409:
10399:
10397:
10382:
10378:
10368:
10366:
10349:
10345:
10335:
10333:
10325:
10324:
10320:
10310:
10308:
10293:
10286:
10276:
10274:
10259:
10252:
10242:
10240:
10225:
10221:
10211:
10209:
10192:
10185:
10175:
10173:
10166:
10162:
10152:
10150:
10133:
10124:
10114:
10112:
10105:News Post Seven
10099:
10098:
10091:
10082:
10080:
10065:
10039:
10032:
10024:
10020:
10010:
10008:
10007:on 1 March 2012
9985:
9981:
9971:
9969:
9968:on 4 April 2012
9956:
9955:
9951:
9941:
9939:
9924:
9920:
9910:
9908:
9907:on 5 March 2014
9895:
9894:
9890:
9880:
9878:
9877:on 16 June 2011
9865:Cha, Kai-Ming.
9863:
9859:
9849:
9847:
9834:
9833:
9829:
9819:
9817:
9804:
9803:
9799:
9789:
9787:
9786:on 23 June 2011
9774:
9773:
9769:
9752:
9751:
9747:
9732:
9728:
9718:
9716:
9715:on 24 June 2008
9704:(2 June 2008).
9699:
9695:
9660:
9656:
9646:
9644:
9637:
9619:
9615:
9602:
9598:
9588:
9586:
9573:
9572:
9568:
9558:
9556:
9541:
9537:
9511:
9502:
9492:
9490:
9453:
9449:
9439:
9437:
9422:
9418:
9408:
9406:
9391:
9387:
9376:
9372:
9361:
9357:
9347:
9345:
9328:
9324:
9305:
9301:
9291:
9289:
9285:
9254:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9232:
9215:
9211:
9205:Wayback Machine
9195:
9191:
9184:
9170:
9166:
9156:
9154:
9147:Sequential Tart
9139:
9135:
9125:
9123:
9110:
9109:
9105:
9095:
9093:
9078:
9074:
9066:
9055:
9049:
9045:
9035:
9033:
9018:
9014:
9004:
9002:
8987:
8983:
8976:
8968:. p. 416.
8956:Thompson, Jason
8953:
8949:
8939:
8937:
8924:
8923:
8919:
8900:
8896:
8886:
8884:
8871:
8870:
8866:
8856:
8854:
8841:
8840:
8836:
8826:
8824:
8823:on 11 June 2020
8809:
8805:
8795:
8793:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8750:, eds. (2014).
8737:
8730:
8722:
8718:
8710:
8706:
8698:
8694:
8687:
8664:
8657:
8650:
8631:
8627:
8617:
8615:
8600:
8596:
8581:
8577:
8567:
8565:
8548:
8544:
8536:
8529:
8519:
8517:
8500:
8491:
8468:
8464:
8454:
8452:
8437:
8433:
8425:
8421:
8411:
8409:
8401:Library Journal
8392:
8385:
8374:Williams, Linda
8370:
8366:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8324:
8315:
8278:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8255:Sequential Tart
8247:
8243:
8233:
8231:
8230:on 29 July 2012
8227:
8221:
8202:
8196:
8189:
8178:
8174:
8159:
8150:
8140:
8138:
8119:
8115:
8108:
8086:
8079:
8072:
8058:
8054:
8027:
8023:
8015:
8011:
8001:
7999:
7992:Sequential Tart
7984:
7977:
7967:
7965:
7950:
7943:
7933:
7931:
7902:
7898:
7888:
7886:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7858:
7856:
7841:
7837:
7827:
7825:
7818:Sequential Tart
7810:
7803:
7793:
7791:
7774:
7765:
7757:
7753:
7743:
7741:
7726:
7710:
7706:
7696:
7694:
7687:Sequential Tart
7679:
7670:
7647:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7630:on 2 March 2007
7614:
7607:
7599:
7592:
7582:
7580:
7565:
7558:
7527:
7514:
7488:Wayback Machine
7478:
7474:
7443:
7439:
7429:
7427:
7412:
7408:
7398:
7396:
7381:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7350:
7343:
7333:
7331:
7316:
7312:
7302:
7300:
7285:
7281:
7274:
7260:
7253:
7216:
7207:
7197:
7195:
7178:
7171:
7152:
7148:
7138:
7136:
7101:
7097:
7046:
7039:
7029:
7027:
7012:
7008:
6998:
6996:
6953:
6946:
6936:
6934:
6917:
6908:
6898:
6896:
6879:
6872:
6864:
6860:
6852:
6848:
6825:
6814:
6806:
6799:
6791:
6787:
6779:
6775:
6767:
6763:
6755:
6751:
6743:
6736:
6726:
6724:
6709:
6705:
6697:
6690:
6682:
6675:
6665:
6663:
6656:
6630:
6619:
6611:
6604:
6596:
6589:
6581:
6577:
6569:
6565:
6557:
6546:
6540:
6533:
6525:
6518:
6510:
6506:
6498:
6494:
6486:
6482:
6474:
6470:
6462:
6458:
6450:
6446:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6422:
6407:
6403:
6393:
6391:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6363:
6361:
6346:
6342:
6334:
6330:
6320:
6316:
6308:
6304:
6296:
6289:
6270:
6259:
6238:
6229:
6221:
6214:
6206:
6199:
6166:
6162:
6155:
6141:Angles, Jeffrey
6138:
6134:
6126:
6117:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6093:
6085:
6078:
6070:
6066:
6056:
6054:
6019:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5960:
5956:
5948:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5895:
5891:
5886:(1/2): 394–414.
5874:
5867:
5857:
5855:
5838:
5834:
5826:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5793:
5792:
5785:
5744:(6): e0198895.
5728:
5713:
5694:
5681:
5673:
5666:
5656:
5654:
5635:
5614:
5582:
5575:
5544:
5535:
5528:
5514:
5505:
5495:
5493:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5469:
5467:
5448:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5415:
5414:
5405:
5400:on 5 June 2009.
5388:
5387:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5323:
5319:
5311:
5307:
5299:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5273:
5259:
5252:
5242:
5240:
5231:Welker, James.
5229:
5222:
5191:
5182:
5167:
5158:
5150:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5133:
5116:
5112:
5099:
5092:
5088:
5071:
5067:
5046:
5042:
5021:
5017:
5006:
5002:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4862:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4772:
4707:
4678:transgender men
4590:
4585:
4566:
4553:
4536:
4453:
4447:
4416:, published by
4394:
4388:
4317:
4315:Other countries
4247:
4132:
4073:
4029:
4024:
4018:
3974:
3878:
3861:fan translation
3721:
3705:Cartoon Network
3676:salt and pepper
3605:Captain Tsubasa
3602:, such as with
3553:works based on
3523:science fiction
3463:
3457:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3372:
3327:
3321:
3241:
3220:
3188:Graham Kolbeins
3164:, "gay comics")
3157:
3140:
3130:
3119:
3107:Main articles:
3105:
3081:
3037:is and how the
2967:
2875:adaptations of
2863:
2817:Yukari Fujimoto
2806:
2787:
2770:
2732:
2722:switching roles
2668:. The roles of
2608:
2581:
2563:(bottom) couple
2549:
2493:Death in Venice
2439:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2284:Martin and John
2184:
2053:(1996–2002) by
2010:Captain Tsubasa
1990:(1989–1991) by
1953:
1893:
1879:(1985–1994) by
1862:Captain Tsubasa
1832:or more simply
1799:
1795:in 1978, while
1782:
1769:
1626:Ryoko Yamagishi
1558:
1511:
1476:, particularly
1424:
1388:
1369:
1333:
1325:
1235:
1201:
1180:
1159:
1130:
1093:[dʑɯne]
1088:
1080:
1068:, and Mishima.
1017:
951:While the term
936:
931:
930:
918:
880:
875:
874:
807:
799:
798:
719:
709:
708:
704:Anime directors
694:
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578:
568:
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522:
514:
513:
420:
412:
411:
350:
317:
230:
210:
206:
192:[dʑɯne]
182:
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144:
85:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17510:
17500:
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17349:
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17328:
17318:
17310:
17308:
17307:Related topics
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16896:
16891:
16886:
16881:
16876:
16874:Reverse motion
16871:
16866:
16861:
16856:
16851:
16846:
16841:
16836:
16831:
16826:
16824:Modernist film
16821:
16816:
16811:
16806:
16801:
16796:
16791:
16786:
16781:
16780:
16779:
16769:
16764:
16763:
16762:
16757:
16747:
16742:
16737:
16732:
16727:
16722:
16717:
16716:
16715:
16705:
16700:
16695:
16690:
16689:
16688:
16686:midnight movie
16678:
16673:
16668:
16663:
16658:
16653:
16648:
16643:
16638:
16633:
16628:
16623:
16618:
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16525:
16515:
16514:
16513:
16508:
16500:
16499:
16498:
16488:
16483:
16477:
16475:
16474:By demographic
16471:
16470:
16468:
16467:
16462:
16457:
16452:
16447:
16442:
16437:
16432:
16427:
16422:
16421:
16420:
16413:Social realist
16410:
16405:
16400:
16395:
16390:
16385:
16380:
16375:
16370:
16368:Poliziotteschi
16365:
16360:
16358:Poetic realist
16355:
16350:
16345:
16340:
16335:
16330:
16325:
16320:
16315:
16313:New generation
16310:
16305:
16300:
16295:
16290:
16288:Modernist film
16285:
16280:
16278:L.A. Rebellion
16275:
16270:
16265:
16260:
16255:
16250:
16245:
16240:
16235:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16200:
16195:
16190:
16185:
16180:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16155:
16150:
16145:
16143:Cinéma du look
16140:
16135:
16130:
16125:
16124:
16123:
16113:
16108:
16103:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16083:
16078:
16072:
16070:
16064:
16063:
16061:
16060:
16059:
16058:
16056:Zapata Western
16053:
16048:
16043:
16038:
16036:Singing cowboy
16033:
16028:
16023:
16018:
16013:
16008:
16003:
15998:
15993:
15991:Dacoit Western
15988:
15983:
15973:
15972:
15971:
15966:
15961:
15951:
15946:
15941:
15936:
15931:
15926:
15921:
15916:
15911:
15910:
15909:
15899:
15894:
15889:
15884:
15879:
15874:
15872:Shoshimin-eiga
15869:
15868:
15867:
15862:
15860:Nunsploitation
15857:
15855:Pornochanchada
15852:
15847:
15842:
15837:
15827:
15822:
15817:
15812:
15807:
15802:
15801:
15800:
15790:
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15780:
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15768:
15758:
15753:
15748:
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15704:
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15690:
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15665:
15655:
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15645:
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15638:
15628:
15623:
15622:
15621:
15611:
15606:
15601:
15600:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15579:
15574:
15569:
15568:
15567:
15562:
15557:
15547:
15542:
15537:
15532:
15530:Food and drink
15527:
15522:
15521:
15520:
15515:
15510:
15508:Blaxploitation
15500:
15495:
15490:
15485:
15480:
15479:
15478:
15473:
15463:
15462:
15461:
15451:
15446:
15445:
15444:
15439:
15437:Poliziotteschi
15434:
15429:
15424:
15419:
15414:
15409:
15404:
15399:
15394:
15389:
15384:
15374:
15369:
15364:
15359:
15354:
15349:
15348:
15347:
15342:
15332:
15327:
15322:
15316:
15314:
15310:
15309:
15307:
15306:
15301:
15300:
15299:
15294:
15292:Extreme cinema
15289:
15279:
15278:
15277:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15232:
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15217:
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15211:
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14924:
14919:
14914:
14909:
14904:
14899:
14894:
14889:
14884:
14879:
14874:
14872:Chinese horror
14869:
14864:
14859:
14849:
14848:
14847:
14842:
14837:
14832:
14827:
14817:
14816:
14815:
14810:
14805:
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14794:
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14783:
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14768:
14763:
14753:
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14751:
14738:
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14709:
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14655:
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14638:
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14613:
14608:
14603:
14593:
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14591:
14581:
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14574:
14569:
14564:
14559:
14554:
14549:
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14534:
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14517:
14507:
14502:
14492:
14487:
14482:
14477:
14476:
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14463:
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14402:
14393:
14392:
14390:
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14384:
14383:
14382:
14375:
14370:
14363:
14356:
14345:
14343:
14339:
14338:
14335:
14334:
14332:
14331:
14321:
14311:
14308:Hiroshima City
14301:
14296:
14291:
14283:
14275:
14265:
14257:
14252:Toshima Ward (
14250:
14243:
14236:
14229:
14220:
14218:
14214:
14213:
14211:
14210:
14205:
14200:
14195:
14189:
14187:
14183:
14182:
14180:
14179:
14172:
14165:
14158:
14155:Gay Japan News
14151:
14144:
14137:
14129:
14127:
14123:
14122:
14120:
14119:
14114:
14113:
14112:
14101:
14099:
14092:
14088:
14087:
14084:
14083:
14080:
14079:
14077:
14076:
14068:
14066:
14062:
14061:
14059:
14058:
14050:
14048:
14042:
14041:
14039:
14038:
14031:
14030:
14029:
14022:
14008:
14001:
13994:
13986:
13984:
13975:
13971:
13970:
13968:
13967:
13960:
13959:
13958:
13953:
13946:
13932:
13924:
13922:
13918:
13917:
13915:
13914:
13909:
13902:
13895:
13888:
13881:
13874:
13868:
13866:
13859:
13855:
13854:
13852:
13851:
13849:Blue boy trial
13846:
13845:
13844:
13834:
13829:
13828:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13801:
13799:
13795:
13794:
13788:Main article:
13786:
13783:
13782:
13752:
13751:
13744:
13737:
13729:
13720:
13719:
13717:
13716:
13706:
13693:
13690:
13689:
13686:
13685:
13683:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13651:
13649:
13645:
13644:
13642:
13641:
13636:
13630:
13628:
13624:
13623:
13621:
13620:
13615:
13610:
13609:
13608:
13603:
13598:
13587:
13585:
13581:
13580:
13578:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13556:
13554:
13550:
13549:
13546:
13545:
13543:
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13541:
13540:
13535:
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13525:
13520:
13512:
13507:
13501:
13498:
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13495:
13494:
13489:
13488:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13447:
13441:
13439:
13432:
13426:
13425:
13422:
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13413:
13408:
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13402:
13401:
13391:
13386:
13385:
13384:
13374:
13373:
13372:
13362:
13357:
13351:
13349:
13345:
13344:
13342:
13341:
13340:
13339:
13334:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13308:
13307:
13306:
13305:
13297:
13296:
13295:
13290:
13282:
13281:
13280:
13275:
13267:
13262:
13252:
13250:Animated films
13247:
13241:
13239:
13232:
13228:
13227:
13225:
13224:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13208:
13207:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13182:
13176:
13174:
13170:
13169:
13167:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13151:
13145:
13143:
13139:
13138:
13136:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13119:
13117:
13110:
13109:
13107:
13106:
13101:
13096:
13091:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13071:
13065:
13063:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13041:
13040:
13030:
13025:
13024:
13023:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12992:
12990:
12987:Gay literature
12980:
12976:
12975:
12973:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12931:
12929:
12925:
12924:
12922:
12921:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12904:Film festivals
12901:
12895:
12893:
12889:
12888:
12886:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12849:
12847:
12843:
12842:
12837:
12834:
12833:
12825:
12824:
12817:
12810:
12802:
12796:
12795:
12788:
12787:External links
12785:
12784:
12783:
12765:(1): 211–228.
12752:
12739:
12730:
12724:
12706:Pilcher, Tim;
12703:
12688:
12675:
12660:
12653:
12620:
12609:
12603:
12584:
12566:
12552:
12541:
12535:
12522:
12499:
12470:
12464:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12440:
12422:
12398:
12392:
12379:
12373:
12359:
12358:
12357:
12356:
12350:
12329:
12312:
12303:
12297:
12276:
12263:
12239:
12238:
12233:978-1628461190
12232:
12219:
12179:
12178:
12177:
12176:
12163:
12154:
12148:est-il gay?".
12141:
12132:
12116:
12115:
12109:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12087:
12066:(2): 229–238.
12046:
12007:(2): 279–301.
11987:
11954:
11924:
11891:
11858:
11839:
11806:
11777:
11757:
11755:, p. 180.
11745:
11738:
11720:
11689:
11658:
11633:
11620:10.1086/498987
11595:
11588:
11570:
11563:
11542:
11511:
11504:
11486:
11453:
11438:
11436:, p. 246.
11426:
11406:
11399:
11381:
11374:
11354:
11352:, p. 169.
11342:
11316:
11286:
11279:
11261:
11216:
11177:
11173:McLelland 2005
11165:
11158:
11140:
11133:
11115:
11113:, p. 249.
11111:McLelland 2000
11103:
11072:
11039:
11008:
11001:
10980:
10967:10.1086/498987
10945:
10912:
10873:(5): 435–457.
10853:
10824:(2): 562–583.
10804:
10802:, p. 115.
10789:
10762:
10725:
10699:
10669:
10643:
10615:
10587:
10559:
10533:
10506:
10476:
10446:
10407:
10376:
10343:
10318:
10284:
10250:
10239:on 9 July 2012
10219:
10183:
10160:
10122:
10089:
10063:
10030:
10018:
9979:
9949:
9918:
9888:
9857:
9827:
9797:
9767:
9745:
9726:
9693:
9654:
9635:
9613:
9596:
9566:
9535:
9522:Particip@tions
9500:
9447:
9416:
9385:
9370:
9355:
9322:
9299:
9265:(2): 213–233.
9242:
9209:
9189:
9183:978-1134102839
9182:
9164:
9133:
9103:
9072:
9043:
9012:
8981:
8974:
8947:
8917:
8894:
8864:
8834:
8803:
8773:
8767:978-1606997857
8766:
8760:. p. 32.
8728:
8726:, p. 131.
8724:McLelland 2000
8716:
8714:, p. 177.
8704:
8700:McLelland 2000
8692:
8686:978-1880656235
8685:
8655:
8648:
8625:
8614:on 9 July 2010
8594:
8575:
8542:
8527:
8489:
8462:
8431:
8429:, p. 173.
8419:
8408:on 7 June 2011
8383:
8364:
8352:
8313:
8292:(3): 364–371.
8272:
8261:on 2 July 2006
8241:
8219:
8187:
8172:
8148:
8113:
8106:
8077:
8071:978-1134102839
8070:
8052:
8021:
8009:
7975:
7941:
7896:
7866:
7855:on 9 July 2008
7835:
7801:
7790:on 17 May 2008
7763:
7759:McLelland 2005
7751:
7724:
7704:
7668:
7641:
7605:
7603:, p. 253.
7590:
7556:
7537:(2): 159–177.
7512:
7472:
7437:
7406:
7375:
7341:
7310:
7295:(147): 64–91.
7279:
7272:
7251:
7238:10.2307/133236
7232:(2): 289–316.
7205:
7169:
7146:
7095:
7060:(1): 101–118.
7037:
7006:
6967:(2): 115–132.
6944:
6906:
6870:
6858:
6846:
6812:
6797:
6795:, p. 142.
6785:
6773:
6761:
6759:, p. 121.
6749:
6747:, p. 214.
6734:
6703:
6688:
6673:
6655:978-0367581176
6654:
6617:
6602:
6587:
6585:, p. 261.
6575:
6563:
6531:
6516:
6504:
6502:, p. 170.
6492:
6490:, p. 5-7.
6480:
6468:
6456:
6444:
6432:
6401:
6371:
6340:
6328:
6314:
6302:
6287:
6257:
6227:
6212:
6197:
6160:
6153:
6132:
6115:
6103:
6091:
6076:
6064:
6002:
5990:
5988:, p. 7-8.
5978:
5966:
5964:, p. 136.
5954:
5952:, p. 6-7.
5942:
5930:
5889:
5865:
5832:
5830:, p. 120.
5820:
5783:
5711:
5679:
5677:, p. 171.
5664:
5612:
5594:ed., page 223
5586:, foreword to
5573:
5560:10.1086/660182
5554:(1): 211–232.
5533:
5526:
5503:
5477:
5442:
5403:
5374:
5362:
5317:
5315:, p. 251.
5305:
5303:, p. 252.
5290:
5288:, p. 250.
5278:
5272:978-3954890019
5271:
5250:
5220:
5207:10.1086/498987
5180:
5156:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5127:Antique Bakery
5123:Fumi Yoshinaga
5110:
5086:
5065:
5040:
5015:
5000:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4906:
4905:
4891:
4877:
4861:
4858:
4854:child grooming
4771:
4768:
4706:
4703:
4688:character as "
4626:romance novels
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4547:reappropriated
4498:homosexual men
4449:Main article:
4446:
4443:
4387:
4384:
4367:Hello Stranger
4328:Semantic Error
4316:
4313:
4246:
4243:
4223:Love by Chance
4201:Theory of Love
4195:Dark Blue Kiss
4131:
4128:
4046:that aired on
4043:Antique Bakery
4028:
4025:
4020:Main article:
4017:
4014:
4002:Tsuzumigafuchi
3981:Tsuzumigafuchi
3973:
3970:
3877:
3869:
3824:adaptation of
3792:Among the 135
3763:Media Blasters
3720:
3717:
3694:being second.
3620:in the 1980s.
3586:Typically, BL
3583:, and others.
3567:have produced
3565:Fumi Yoshinaga
3475:are typically
3459:Main article:
3456:
3447:
3323:Main article:
3320:
3317:
3104:
3101:
3080:
3077:
2966:
2963:
2892:Brilliant Blue
2882:Embracing Love
2862:
2859:
2825:Nariko Enomoto
2805:
2802:
2548:
2539:
2488:Björn Andrésen
2421:characters in
2411:Björn Andrésen
2404:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:Main article:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2183:
2176:
2121:mainland China
1952:
1946:
1926:themes, while
1891:Wakuni Akisato
1630:Kaoru Kurimoto
1606:In The Sunroom
1597:Keiko Takemiya
1557:
1547:
1403:Westernization
1332:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1245:
1244:
1195:
1177:
1139:
1125:
1098:
1075:
1030:
1012:
998:Taruho Inagaki
949:
920:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
891:
890:
877:
876:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
851:
850:
841:
832:
823:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
786:
777:
772:
767:
762:
752:
751:
750:
740:
720:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
674:
669:
664:
655:
650:
641:
636:
631:
622:
613:
604:
599:
594:
589:
579:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
556:
547:
538:
529:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
507:Longest series
504:
494:
489:
484:
479:
470:
465:
456:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
408:
407:
402:
400:Longest series
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
335:
334:
324:
323:
316:
313:
259:self-published
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17509:
17498:
17497:LGBTQ erotica
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17483:
17480:
17478:
17475:
17473:
17470:
17468:
17465:
17463:
17460:
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17405:
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17399:
17396:
17383:
17379:
17375:
17374:
17371:
17365:
17362:
17360:
17359:
17355:
17353:
17350:
17348:
17347:
17343:
17341:
17340:
17336:
17334:
17333:
17329:
17326:
17322:
17319:
17317:
17316:
17312:
17311:
17309:
17305:
17299:
17296:
17294:
17291:
17288:
17285:
17283:
17280:
17279:
17277:
17273:
17267:
17264:
17262:
17259:
17257:
17254:
17252:
17249:
17247:
17244:
17242:
17239:
17237:
17234:
17232:
17229:
17227:
17224:
17222:
17219:
17217:
17214:
17212:
17209:
17207:
17204:
17200:
17197:
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17195:
17192:
17190:
17187:
17185:
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17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
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17165:
17162:
17161:
17159:
17155:
17147:
17144:
17142:
17139:
17138:
17136:
17134:
17131:
17129:
17126:
17125:
17123:
17119:
17113:
17110:
17108:
17105:
17103:
17100:
17098:
17095:
17093:
17090:
17088:
17085:
17083:
17080:
17078:
17075:
17073:
17070:
17068:
17065:
17063:
17060:
17059:
17057:
17053:
17047:
17044:
17042:
17039:
17038:
17036:
17032:
17026:
17023:
17022:
17019:
17015:
17008:
17003:
17001:
16996:
16994:
16989:
16988:
16985:
16973:
16969:
16965:
16963:
16955:
16954:
16951:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16937:
16935:
16932:
16930:
16927:
16925:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16915:
16912:
16910:
16907:
16905:
16902:
16900:
16897:
16895:
16892:
16890:
16887:
16885:
16882:
16880:
16877:
16875:
16872:
16870:
16869:Postmodernist
16867:
16865:
16862:
16860:
16859:Participatory
16857:
16855:
16852:
16850:
16847:
16845:
16842:
16840:
16837:
16835:
16832:
16830:
16829:Musical short
16827:
16825:
16822:
16820:
16817:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16807:
16805:
16802:
16800:
16797:
16795:
16792:
16790:
16787:
16785:
16782:
16778:
16775:
16774:
16773:
16770:
16768:
16765:
16761:
16758:
16756:
16753:
16752:
16751:
16748:
16746:
16743:
16741:
16740:Found footage
16738:
16736:
16733:
16731:
16728:
16726:
16723:
16721:
16718:
16714:
16711:
16710:
16709:
16706:
16704:
16701:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16687:
16684:
16683:
16682:
16679:
16677:
16674:
16672:
16669:
16667:
16664:
16662:
16659:
16657:
16654:
16652:
16649:
16647:
16646:Cinéma vérité
16644:
16642:
16639:
16637:
16634:
16632:
16629:
16627:
16624:
16622:
16619:
16617:
16614:
16610:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16595:
16592:
16590:
16587:
16585:
16582:
16581:
16580:
16577:
16575:
16572:
16570:
16567:
16566:
16564:
16562:or production
16554:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16537:
16536:
16533:
16529:
16526:
16524:
16521:
16520:
16519:
16516:
16512:
16509:
16507:
16504:
16503:
16501:
16497:
16494:
16493:
16492:
16489:
16487:
16484:
16482:
16479:
16478:
16476:
16472:
16466:
16463:
16461:
16458:
16456:
16453:
16451:
16448:
16446:
16443:
16441:
16438:
16436:
16433:
16431:
16428:
16426:
16423:
16419:
16416:
16415:
16414:
16411:
16409:
16406:
16404:
16401:
16399:
16396:
16394:
16391:
16389:
16386:
16384:
16381:
16379:
16378:Prussian film
16376:
16374:
16371:
16369:
16366:
16364:
16361:
16359:
16356:
16354:
16351:
16349:
16346:
16344:
16341:
16339:
16336:
16334:
16331:
16329:
16326:
16324:
16323:New Nollywood
16321:
16319:
16318:New Hollywood
16316:
16314:
16311:
16309:
16306:
16304:
16301:
16299:
16296:
16294:
16291:
16289:
16286:
16284:
16281:
16279:
16276:
16274:
16271:
16269:
16266:
16264:
16261:
16259:
16256:
16254:
16251:
16249:
16246:
16244:
16241:
16239:
16236:
16234:
16231:
16229:
16226:
16224:
16221:
16219:
16216:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16206:
16204:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16176:
16174:
16171:
16169:
16166:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16156:
16154:
16151:
16149:
16146:
16144:
16141:
16139:
16138:Cannibal boom
16136:
16134:
16133:Calligrafismo
16131:
16129:
16126:
16122:
16119:
16118:
16117:
16114:
16112:
16109:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16101:Berlin School
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16082:
16079:
16077:
16074:
16073:
16071:
16065:
16057:
16054:
16052:
16051:Weird Western
16049:
16047:
16044:
16042:
16039:
16037:
16034:
16032:
16029:
16027:
16024:
16022:
16019:
16017:
16014:
16012:
16009:
16007:
16004:
16002:
15999:
15997:
15994:
15992:
15989:
15987:
15984:
15982:
15979:
15978:
15977:
15974:
15970:
15967:
15965:
15962:
15960:
15957:
15956:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15917:
15915:
15912:
15908:
15905:
15904:
15903:
15900:
15898:
15895:
15893:
15890:
15888:
15885:
15883:
15882:Slice of life
15880:
15878:
15875:
15873:
15870:
15866:
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15846:
15843:
15841:
15838:
15836:
15835:Bavarian porn
15833:
15832:
15831:
15830:Sexploitation
15828:
15826:
15823:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15813:
15811:
15808:
15806:
15803:
15799:
15796:
15795:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15788:Partisan film
15786:
15784:
15781:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15771:
15767:
15764:
15763:
15762:
15759:
15757:
15756:Muslim social
15754:
15752:
15749:
15747:
15744:
15738:
15737:Zombie comedy
15735:
15734:
15733:
15730:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15720:
15718:
15715:
15713:
15712:Giant monster
15710:
15709:
15708:
15705:
15701:
15698:
15697:
15696:
15693:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15674:
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15660:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15651:
15649:
15646:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15634:
15633:
15632:
15629:
15627:
15624:
15620:
15617:
15616:
15615:
15612:
15610:
15607:
15605:
15602:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15584:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15570:
15566:
15563:
15561:
15558:
15556:
15553:
15552:
15551:
15548:
15546:
15543:
15541:
15538:
15536:
15533:
15531:
15528:
15526:
15523:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15513:Mexploitation
15511:
15509:
15506:
15505:
15504:
15501:
15499:
15496:
15494:
15491:
15489:
15486:
15484:
15481:
15477:
15474:
15472:
15469:
15468:
15467:
15464:
15460:
15457:
15456:
15455:
15452:
15450:
15447:
15443:
15440:
15438:
15435:
15433:
15430:
15428:
15425:
15423:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15408:
15405:
15403:
15400:
15398:
15395:
15393:
15390:
15388:
15385:
15383:
15380:
15379:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15370:
15368:
15367:Coming-of-age
15365:
15363:
15360:
15358:
15355:
15353:
15350:
15346:
15343:
15341:
15338:
15337:
15336:
15333:
15331:
15328:
15326:
15323:
15321:
15318:
15317:
15315:
15311:
15305:
15302:
15298:
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15284:
15283:
15282:Transgressive
15280:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15265:Psychological
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15227:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15215:Slice of life
15213:
15209:
15206:
15204:
15201:
15199:
15196:
15194:
15191:
15189:
15186:
15184:
15181:
15179:
15176:
15174:
15171:
15169:
15166:
15164:
15161:
15159:
15156:
15154:
15151:
15149:
15146:
15145:
15144:
15141:
15137:
15134:
15132:
15129:
15127:
15124:
15122:
15119:
15115:
15112:
15111:
15110:
15107:
15106:
15105:
15102:
15100:
15097:
15095:
15092:
15087:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15072:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15059:
15056:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15043:
15042:
15039:
15038:
15037:
15034:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15017:
15015:
15012:
15010:
15007:
15005:
15002:
15001:
15000:
14997:
14995:
14992:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14978:
14975:
14973:
14970:
14968:
14965:
14963:
14960:
14958:
14955:
14953:
14952:Psychological
14950:
14948:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14938:
14935:
14933:
14930:
14928:
14927:Korean horror
14925:
14923:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14913:
14910:
14908:
14905:
14903:
14900:
14898:
14897:Found footage
14895:
14893:
14890:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14878:
14875:
14873:
14870:
14868:
14865:
14863:
14860:
14858:
14855:
14854:
14853:
14850:
14846:
14843:
14841:
14838:
14836:
14833:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14822:
14821:
14818:
14814:
14811:
14809:
14806:
14804:
14801:
14800:
14799:
14796:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14786:Magic realism
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14772:
14769:
14767:
14764:
14762:
14759:
14758:
14757:
14754:
14750:
14749:
14744:
14743:
14742:
14739:
14737:
14734:
14730:
14727:
14726:
14725:
14722:
14720:
14717:
14715:
14712:
14708:
14705:
14703:
14702:Sexploitation
14700:
14698:
14695:
14693:
14690:
14689:
14688:
14685:
14679:
14676:
14675:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14653:Calligrafismo
14651:
14650:
14649:
14646:
14642:
14639:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14629:
14627:
14624:
14622:
14619:
14617:
14614:
14612:
14609:
14607:
14606:City symphony
14604:
14602:
14599:
14598:
14597:
14594:
14590:
14587:
14586:
14585:
14582:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14516:
14513:
14512:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14497:
14496:
14493:
14491:
14488:
14486:
14483:
14481:
14478:
14474:
14471:
14470:
14469:
14466:
14462:
14459:
14457:
14454:
14452:
14449:
14448:
14447:
14444:
14443:
14441:
14437:
14433:
14430:
14423:
14418:
14416:
14411:
14409:
14404:
14403:
14400:
14388:
14385:
14381:
14380:
14376:
14374:
14371:
14369:
14368:
14364:
14362:
14361:
14357:
14355:
14352:
14351:
14350:
14347:
14346:
14344:
14340:
14329:
14325:
14322:
14319:
14315:
14312:
14309:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14281:Sakae, Nagoya
14279:
14276:
14273:
14269:
14266:
14264:
14261:
14258:
14255:
14251:
14248:
14245:Minato Ward (
14244:
14241:
14237:
14234:
14230:
14228:
14225:
14222:
14221:
14219:
14215:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14203:Rainbow March
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14190:
14188:
14184:
14178:
14177:
14173:
14171:
14170:
14166:
14164:
14163:
14159:
14157:
14156:
14152:
14150:
14149:
14145:
14143:
14142:
14138:
14136:
14135:
14131:
14130:
14128:
14124:
14118:
14115:
14111:
14108:
14107:
14106:
14103:
14102:
14100:
14096:
14093:
14089:
14075:
14074:
14070:
14069:
14067:
14063:
14057:
14056:
14052:
14051:
14049:
14047:
14043:
14037:
14036:
14032:
14028:
14027:
14023:
14021:
14020:
14016:
14015:
14014:
14013:
14009:
14007:
14006:
14002:
14000:
13999:
13995:
13993:
13992:
13988:
13987:
13985:
13983:
13979:
13976:
13972:
13966:
13965:
13961:
13957:
13954:
13952:
13951:
13950:Yamato Takeru
13947:
13945:
13944:
13943:Empress Jingū
13940:
13939:
13938:
13937:
13933:
13931:
13930:
13926:
13925:
13923:
13919:
13913:
13910:
13908:
13907:
13903:
13901:
13900:
13896:
13894:
13893:
13889:
13887:
13886:
13882:
13880:
13879:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13869:
13867:
13863:
13860:
13856:
13850:
13847:
13843:
13840:
13839:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13830:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13807:
13806:
13803:
13802:
13800:
13796:
13792:
13791:
13784:
13779:
13775:
13771:
13767:
13763:
13758:
13750:
13745:
13743:
13738:
13736:
13731:
13730:
13727:
13715:
13707:
13705:
13695:
13694:
13691:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13652:
13650:
13646:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13625:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13594:
13593:
13592:
13589:
13588:
13586:
13582:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13557:
13555:
13551:
13539:
13536:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13519:
13516:
13515:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13502:
13499:
13493:
13490:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13467:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13448:
13446:
13443:
13442:
13440:
13436:
13433:
13427:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13400:
13397:
13396:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13383:
13380:
13379:
13378:
13375:
13371:
13368:
13367:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13356:
13353:
13352:
13350:
13346:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13329:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13304:
13301:
13300:
13298:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13285:
13283:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13270:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13257:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13248:
13246:
13243:
13242:
13240:
13236:
13233:
13229:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13206:
13203:
13202:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13180:Homoeroticism
13178:
13177:
13175:
13171:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13140:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13111:
13105:
13102:
13100:
13097:
13095:
13092:
13090:
13087:
13085:
13082:
13080:
13077:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13057:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13039:
13036:
13035:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13022:
13019:
13018:
13017:
13016:Slash fiction
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12984:
12981:
12977:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12932:
12930:
12926:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12896:
12894:
12890:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12850:
12848:
12844:
12840:
12839:LGBTQ writers
12835:
12830:
12823:
12818:
12816:
12811:
12809:
12804:
12803:
12800:
12794:
12791:
12790:
12780:
12776:
12772:
12768:
12764:
12760:
12759:
12753:
12750:
12749:
12744:
12740:
12737:
12736:
12731:
12727:
12721:
12717:
12713:
12709:
12704:
12701:(2): 151–161.
12700:
12696:
12695:
12689:
12678:
12672:
12668:
12667:
12661:
12658:
12654:
12650:
12646:
12642:
12638:
12634:
12630:
12626:
12621:
12619:
12615:
12610:
12606:
12600:
12596:
12592:
12591:
12585:
12582:
12581:1-56025-910-8
12578:
12574:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12564:4-89367-323-8
12561:
12557:
12553:
12550:
12546:
12542:
12538:
12532:
12528:
12523:
12520:
12519:0-521-34515-4
12516:
12512:
12508:
12504:
12500:
12496:
12492:
12488:
12484:
12480:
12476:
12471:
12467:
12461:
12457:
12453:
12449:
12448:
12429:
12425:
12423:0-7914-6032-0
12419:
12415:
12411:
12407:
12403:
12402:Thorn, Rachel
12399:
12395:
12393:0-8476-9136-5
12389:
12385:
12380:
12376:
12374:0-7007-1425-1
12370:
12366:
12361:
12360:
12353:
12351:9781628461190
12347:
12343:
12339:
12335:
12330:
12326:
12322:
12318:
12313:
12309:
12304:
12300:
12298:9781628461190
12294:
12290:
12286:
12282:
12277:
12273:
12269:
12264:
12260:
12256:
12252:
12248:
12243:
12242:
12241:
12240:
12235:
12229:
12225:
12220:
12216:
12212:
12208:
12204:
12200:
12196:
12192:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12180:
12173:
12169:
12164:
12160:
12155:
12151:
12147:
12142:
12138:
12133:
12129:
12125:
12120:
12119:
12118:
12117:
12112:
12106:
12102:
12097:
12096:
12083:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12065:
12061:
12057:
12050:
12034:
12030:
12026:
12022:
12018:
12014:
12010:
12006:
12002:
11998:
11991:
11975:
11971:
11970:
11965:
11958:
11942:
11938:
11934:
11928:
11912:
11908:
11907:
11902:
11895:
11879:
11875:
11874:
11869:
11862:
11854:
11850:
11843:
11827:
11823:
11822:
11817:
11810:
11794:
11790:
11784:
11782:
11774:
11770:
11769:Asian Studies
11766:
11765:Thorn, Rachel
11761:
11754:
11749:
11741:
11735:
11731:
11724:
11708:
11704:
11700:
11693:
11677:
11673:
11669:
11662:
11651:
11644:
11637:
11629:
11625:
11621:
11617:
11613:
11609:
11602:
11600:
11591:
11589:0-8166-1932-8
11585:
11581:
11580:Technoculture
11574:
11566:
11564:4-931391-42-7
11560:
11556:
11552:
11546:
11530:
11526:
11522:
11515:
11507:
11501:
11497:
11490:
11479:
11475:
11471:
11464:
11457:
11449:
11442:
11435:
11430:
11422:
11421:
11416:
11410:
11402:
11400:4-309-90222-7
11396:
11392:
11385:
11377:
11375:0-87011-752-1
11371:
11367:
11366:
11358:
11351:
11346:
11331:
11327:
11323:
11319:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11301:
11297:
11290:
11282:
11276:
11272:
11265:
11249:
11244:
11239:
11235:
11231:
11227:
11220:
11201:
11197:
11195:
11187:
11181:
11175:, p. 14.
11174:
11169:
11161:
11155:
11151:
11144:
11136:
11130:
11126:
11119:
11112:
11107:
11091:
11087:
11083:
11076:
11060:
11056:
11055:
11050:
11043:
11027:
11023:
11019:
11012:
11004:
10998:
10994:
10987:
10985:
10976:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10949:
10933:
10929:
10928:
10923:
10916:
10900:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10880:
10876:
10872:
10868:
10864:
10857:
10849:
10845:
10841:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10823:
10819:
10815:
10808:
10801:
10796:
10794:
10777:
10773:
10766:
10758:
10752:
10736:
10729:
10713:
10709:
10703:
10687:
10683:
10679:
10673:
10658:
10654:
10647:
10631:
10630:
10625:
10619:
10604:
10603:
10598:
10591:
10576:
10572:
10566:
10564:
10548:
10544:
10537:
10521:
10517:
10510:
10494:
10490:
10486:
10480:
10465:
10462:(in Korean).
10461:
10457:
10450:
10442:
10438:
10434:
10430:
10426:
10422:
10418:
10411:
10395:
10391:
10387:
10380:
10364:
10360:
10359:
10354:
10347:
10332:
10328:
10322:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10291:
10289:
10272:
10268:
10264:
10257:
10255:
10238:
10234:
10230:
10223:
10207:
10203:
10202:
10197:
10190:
10188:
10171:
10164:
10148:
10144:
10143:
10138:
10131:
10129:
10127:
10110:
10106:
10102:
10096:
10094:
10078:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10044:
10037:
10035:
10028:, p. 93.
10027:
10022:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9992:
9983:
9967:
9963:
9959:
9953:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9922:
9906:
9902:
9898:
9892:
9876:
9872:
9868:
9861:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9831:
9815:
9811:
9807:
9801:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9771:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9749:
9741:
9737:
9730:
9714:
9710:
9707:
9703:
9697:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9658:
9642:
9638:
9636:9780472071463
9632:
9628:
9624:
9617:
9609:
9608:
9600:
9584:
9580:
9576:
9570:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9539:
9531:
9527:
9523:
9519:
9515:
9509:
9507:
9505:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9469:(1): 93–104.
9468:
9464:
9463:
9458:
9451:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9420:
9404:
9400:
9396:
9389:
9381:
9374:
9366:
9359:
9343:
9339:
9338:
9333:
9326:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9303:
9284:
9280:
9276:
9272:
9268:
9264:
9260:
9253:
9246:
9230:
9226:
9225:
9220:
9213:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9193:
9185:
9179:
9175:
9168:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9137:
9121:
9117:
9116:Comic Natalie
9113:
9107:
9091:
9087:
9083:
9076:
9065:
9061:
9054:
9047:
9031:
9027:
9023:
9016:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8985:
8977:
8971:
8967:
8966:Del Rey Books
8963:
8962:
8957:
8951:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8921:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8898:
8882:
8878:
8874:
8868:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8838:
8822:
8818:
8814:
8807:
8791:
8787:
8780:
8778:
8769:
8763:
8759:
8755:
8754:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8733:
8725:
8720:
8713:
8708:
8702:, p. 69.
8701:
8696:
8688:
8682:
8678:
8674:
8673:
8668:
8662:
8660:
8651:
8649:1-85669-391-0
8645:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8634:Gravett, Paul
8629:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8598:
8590:
8586:
8579:
8563:
8559:
8558:
8553:
8546:
8539:
8534:
8532:
8515:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8498:
8496:
8494:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8475:
8466:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8435:
8428:
8423:
8407:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8390:
8388:
8379:
8375:
8368:
8361:
8360:de Bats 2008a
8356:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8328:
8322:
8320:
8318:
8309:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8283:
8276:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8245:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8201:
8194:
8192:
8183:
8176:
8168:
8164:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8117:
8109:
8103:
8099:
8095:
8091:
8084:
8082:
8073:
8067:
8063:
8056:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8040:1-880656-72-8
8037:
8033:
8032:
8025:
8018:
8013:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7982:
7980:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7948:
7946:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7900:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7870:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7808:
7806:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7779:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7761:, p. 24.
7760:
7755:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7721:
7717:
7716:
7708:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7645:
7629:
7625:
7624:
7619:
7612:
7610:
7602:
7597:
7595:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7563:
7561:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7482:
7476:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7441:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7410:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7379:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7348:
7346:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7314:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7283:
7275:
7273:0-415-14344-6
7269:
7265:
7258:
7256:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7176:
7174:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7150:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7099:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7044:
7042:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7010:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6951:
6949:
6932:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6877:
6875:
6867:
6862:
6856:, p. 11.
6855:
6850:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6810:, p. 67.
6809:
6804:
6802:
6794:
6793:de Bats 2008b
6789:
6783:, p. 65.
6782:
6777:
6770:
6765:
6758:
6753:
6746:
6741:
6739:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6695:
6693:
6685:
6684:Kimbergt 2008
6680:
6678:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6640:. Routledge.
6639:
6635:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6615:, p. 10.
6614:
6609:
6607:
6600:, p. 64.
6599:
6594:
6592:
6584:
6579:
6573:, p. 63.
6572:
6567:
6556:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6536:
6528:
6523:
6521:
6514:, p. 57.
6513:
6508:
6501:
6496:
6489:
6484:
6477:
6472:
6466:, p. 59.
6465:
6460:
6453:
6448:
6442:, p. 61.
6441:
6436:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6405:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6359:
6355:
6354:Japan Powered
6351:
6344:
6337:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6306:
6300:, p. 54.
6299:
6294:
6292:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6225:, p. 62.
6224:
6219:
6217:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6164:
6156:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6130:, p. 51.
6129:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6113:, p. 47.
6112:
6107:
6101:, p. 44.
6100:
6095:
6089:, p. 45.
6088:
6083:
6081:
6073:
6068:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6000:, p. 22.
5999:
5994:
5987:
5982:
5975:
5970:
5963:
5962:de Bats 2008b
5958:
5951:
5946:
5939:
5938:de Bats 2008b
5934:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5893:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5872:
5870:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5824:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5779:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5669:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5588:Saitō, Tamaki
5585:
5580:
5578:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5366:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5309:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5287:
5282:
5274:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5238:
5234:
5227:
5225:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5062:
5061:short reading
5058:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4985:
4974:
4973:Tweek x Craig
4970:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:Slash fiction
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4892:
4889:
4878:
4875:
4869:
4864:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:slash fiction
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4652:slash fiction
4649:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4580:
4578:
4565:
4552:
4548:
4535:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:visual novels
4399:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4192:(2016–2017),
4191:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4062:love triangle
4059:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4010:compact discs
4007:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3960:Carlsen Manga
3956:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3875:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3730:
3725:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3657:Final Fantasy
3653:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3600:homoeroticism
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:Kodaka Kazuma
3558:
3557:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3489:Severus Snape
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3462:
3453:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:¥21.3 billion
3407:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3395:Monthly Asuka
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3218:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:same-sex love
3155:
3154:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3097:
3096:happy endings
3093:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2946:Makoto Tateno
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2801:
2797:
2786:
2780:
2777:, "attacking
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:, and kabuki
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2437:
2436:
2425:and BL manga.
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2370:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:Tokyo Babylon
2103:(1990–1995),
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:Maki Murakami
2052:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:Akimi Yoshida
1878:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1851:published as
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:Toshie Kihara
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:Year 24 Group
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1569:Year 24 Group
1566:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1543:rock and roll
1540:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:Hideko Mizuno
1523:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:slash fiction
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:umbrella term
1261:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1163:山なし、落ちなし、意味なし
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:Yasuko Sakata
1140:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:amateur works
1103:
1100:Derived from
1099:
1094:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:Yukio Mishima
1035:
1031:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1003:Bildungsroman
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
975:
974:
969:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
935:
928:
927:
926:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
893:
892:
889:
884:
879:
878:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
848:
847:
842:
840:
838:
833:
830:
829:
824:
821:
820:
815:
814:
813:
810:
809:
803:
802:
795:
792:
787:
784:
783:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
760:
756:
753:
749:
746:
741:
739:
736:
731:
730:
729:
727:
722:
721:
718:
713:
712:
705:
702:
700:
699:Manga artists
697:
696:
690:
689:
681:
680:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
662:
661:
656:
654:
651:
648:
647:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
629:
628:
623:
620:
619:
614:
611:
610:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
586:
581:
580:
577:
572:
571:
564:
562:
557:
555:
553:
548:
546:
544:
539:
537:
535:
530:
528:
525:
524:
518:
517:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
477:
476:
471:
469:
466:
463:
462:
457:
454:
453:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
416:
415:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
346:
345:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
326:
325:
321:
320:
312:
310:
306:
303:, the sexual
302:
298:
295:, the sexual
294:
290:
286:
285:homosociality
282:
281:
277:men known as
276:
271:
268:
264:
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193:
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162:
161:
143:
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137:
135:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
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104:that depicts
103:
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52:
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17346:Kinema Junpo
17344:
17337:
17330:
17313:
17226:Magical girl
17102:Seiyu Awards
16708:Experimental
16703:Ethnofiction
16450:Third Cinema
16353:Persian Film
16096:Auteur films
16067:By movement
15924:Swashbuckler
15783:Ozploitation
15778:Outlaw biker
15658:Martial arts
15653:Magical girl
15503:Exploitation
15498:Ethnographic
15427:Mafia comedy
15070:Pornographic
14947:Psycho-biddy
14932:Lovecraftian
14766:Contemporary
14747:
14741:Exploitation
14736:Experimental
14616:Mockumentary
14485:Biographical
14377:
14365:
14358:
14326:Sakurazaka (
14323:
14318:Fukuoka City
14313:
14306:Nagarekawa (
14303:
14285:
14277:
14267:
14259:
14238:Taito Ward (
14223:
14217:Gay villages
14174:
14167:
14160:
14153:
14146:
14139:
14132:
14105:LGBT culture
14071:
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14033:
14024:
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13989:
13962:
13948:
13941:
13934:
13927:
13904:
13897:
13890:
13883:
13876:
13787:
13601:by storyline
13553:Animation on
13399:in animation
13382:in animation
13370:in animation
13303:2020–present
13173:LGBTQ themes
13089:Pulp fiction
13032:
13028:Teen fiction
13011:Pulp fiction
12762:
12756:
12746:
12733:
12711:
12698:
12692:
12680:. Retrieved
12665:
12632:
12628:
12589:
12572:
12555:
12526:
12502:
12481:(1): 63–84.
12478:
12474:
12455:
12432:. Retrieved
12428:the original
12409:
12383:
12364:
12333:
12316:
12307:
12280:
12271:
12267:
12250:
12246:
12223:
12215:the original
12194:
12188:
12171:
12167:
12158:
12149:
12145:
12136:
12127:
12123:
12100:
12092:Bibliography
12063:
12059:
12049:
12037:. Retrieved
12004:
12000:
11990:
11978:. Retrieved
11967:
11957:
11945:. Retrieved
11936:
11927:
11915:. Retrieved
11904:
11894:
11882:. Retrieved
11871:
11861:
11848:
11842:
11832:18 September
11830:. Retrieved
11826:the original
11819:
11809:
11797:. Retrieved
11793:the original
11760:
11748:
11729:
11723:
11711:. Retrieved
11707:the original
11702:
11692:
11680:. Retrieved
11676:the original
11671:
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11650:the original
11636:
11611:
11607:
11579:
11573:
11554:
11551:
11545:
11533:. Retrieved
11529:the original
11524:
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11495:
11489:
11478:the original
11473:
11469:
11456:
11447:
11441:
11429:
11418:
11409:
11390:
11384:
11363:
11357:
11345:
11334:, retrieved
11299:
11289:
11270:
11264:
11252:. Retrieved
11233:
11229:
11219:
11207:. Retrieved
11200:the original
11192:
11180:
11168:
11149:
11143:
11124:
11118:
11106:
11094:. Retrieved
11090:the original
11085:
11075:
11063:. Retrieved
11054:The Advocate
11052:
11042:
11030:. Retrieved
11021:
11011:
10992:
10958:
10954:
10948:
10936:. Retrieved
10927:The Advocate
10925:
10915:
10903:. Retrieved
10870:
10866:
10856:
10821:
10817:
10807:
10780:. Retrieved
10776:the original
10765:
10739:. Retrieved
10728:
10716:. Retrieved
10712:the original
10702:
10690:. Retrieved
10681:
10672:
10660:. Retrieved
10656:
10651:Guno, Niña.
10646:
10634:. Retrieved
10629:ABS-CBN News
10627:
10618:
10608:28 September
10606:. Retrieved
10600:
10590:
10578:. Retrieved
10574:
10550:. Retrieved
10546:
10536:
10524:. Retrieved
10519:
10509:
10497:. Retrieved
10492:
10488:
10479:
10467:. Retrieved
10459:
10449:
10424:
10420:
10410:
10398:. Retrieved
10389:
10379:
10367:. Retrieved
10356:
10346:
10334:. Retrieved
10330:
10321:
10309:. Retrieved
10300:
10275:. Retrieved
10271:the original
10266:
10241:. Retrieved
10237:the original
10232:
10222:
10210:. Retrieved
10199:
10174:. Retrieved
10163:
10151:. Retrieved
10140:
10113:. Retrieved
10104:
10081:, retrieved
10046:
10021:
10009:. Retrieved
10005:the original
10000:
9996:
9990:
9989:"Home-grown
9982:
9970:. Retrieved
9966:the original
9961:
9952:
9940:. Retrieved
9936:the original
9931:
9921:
9909:. Retrieved
9905:the original
9900:
9891:
9879:. Retrieved
9875:the original
9870:
9860:
9848:. Retrieved
9839:
9830:
9818:. Retrieved
9809:
9800:
9788:. Retrieved
9784:the original
9779:
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9757:
9748:
9740:the original
9729:
9717:. Retrieved
9713:the original
9708:
9696:
9688:the original
9673:
9667:
9657:
9645:. Retrieved
9626:
9616:
9607:The Advocate
9605:
9599:
9587:. Retrieved
9583:the original
9578:
9569:
9557:. Retrieved
9553:the original
9548:
9538:
9530:the original
9525:
9521:
9491:. Retrieved
9487:the original
9466:
9460:
9450:
9438:. Retrieved
9434:the original
9429:
9419:
9407:. Retrieved
9403:the original
9398:
9388:
9379:
9373:
9364:
9358:
9346:. Retrieved
9342:the original
9335:
9325:
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9290:. Retrieved
9283:the original
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9245:
9233:. Retrieved
9229:the original
9222:
9212:
9192:
9173:
9167:
9155:. Retrieved
9151:the original
9146:
9136:
9124:. Retrieved
9115:
9106:
9094:. Retrieved
9090:the original
9086:Akiba Angels
9085:
9075:
9064:the original
9059:
9046:
9034:. Retrieved
9030:the original
9025:
9015:
9003:. Retrieved
8999:the original
8994:
8984:
8964:. New York:
8959:
8950:
8938:. Retrieved
8929:
8920:
8912:the original
8907:
8897:
8885:. Retrieved
8876:
8867:
8855:. Retrieved
8837:
8825:. Retrieved
8821:the original
8816:
8806:
8794:. Retrieved
8790:the original
8751:
8719:
8707:
8695:
8670:
8638:
8628:
8616:. Retrieved
8612:the original
8607:
8597:
8588:
8578:
8566:. Retrieved
8562:the original
8555:
8545:
8518:. Retrieved
8507:
8484:the original
8479:
8473:
8472:"Rethinking
8465:
8453:. Retrieved
8449:the original
8444:
8434:
8422:
8410:. Retrieved
8406:the original
8399:
8378:Porn Studies
8377:
8367:
8355:
8343:. Retrieved
8334:
8289:
8285:
8275:
8263:. Retrieved
8259:the original
8254:
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8232:. Retrieved
8225:the original
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8139:. Retrieved
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8130:
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8116:
8093:
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8055:
8043:
8029:
8024:
8012:
8000:. Retrieved
7996:the original
7991:
7966:. Retrieved
7962:the original
7958:Akiba Angels
7957:
7932:. Retrieved
7913:
7909:
7899:
7887:. Retrieved
7878:
7869:
7857:. Retrieved
7853:the original
7849:The Escapist
7848:
7838:
7828:14 September
7826:. Retrieved
7822:the original
7817:
7792:. Retrieved
7788:the original
7781:
7754:
7742:. Retrieved
7714:
7707:
7695:. Retrieved
7686:
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7507:
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7424:the original
7419:
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7397:. Retrieved
7388:
7378:
7366:. Retrieved
7357:
7332:. Retrieved
7323:
7313:
7301:. Retrieved
7292:
7282:
7263:
7229:
7223:
7196:. Retrieved
7185:
7164:the original
7159:
7149:
7137:. Retrieved
7115:(1): 30–43.
7112:
7108:
7098:
7057:
7053:
7030:18 September
7028:. Retrieved
7019:
7009:
6999:18 September
6997:. Retrieved
6964:
6960:
6935:. Retrieved
6924:
6897:. Retrieved
6886:
6866:Sylvius 2008
6861:
6854:Brient 2008b
6849:
6841:the original
6836:
6832:
6788:
6776:
6764:
6752:
6745:Hishida 2015
6725:. Retrieved
6716:
6706:
6699:Sylvius 2008
6664:. Retrieved
6637:
6613:Brient 2008b
6578:
6566:
6555:the original
6550:
6507:
6495:
6488:Brient 2008b
6483:
6471:
6459:
6447:
6435:
6423:. Retrieved
6414:
6404:
6392:. Retrieved
6383:
6374:
6362:. Retrieved
6353:
6343:
6331:
6317:
6305:
6282:the original
6277:
6252:the original
6245:
6210:, p. 9.
6175:
6169:
6163:
6144:
6135:
6106:
6094:
6074:, p. 7.
6072:Brient 2008b
6067:
6055:. Retrieved
6030:
6026:
5998:Hartley 2015
5993:
5981:
5976:, p. 7.
5969:
5957:
5945:
5933:
5908:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5883:
5877:
5856:. Retrieved
5845:
5835:
5823:
5811:. Retrieved
5798:
5741:
5735:
5706:the original
5701:
5655:. Retrieved
5651:the original
5646:
5642:
5595:
5584:Mari, Kotani
5551:
5547:
5517:
5494:. Retrieved
5480:
5468:. Retrieved
5464:the original
5459:
5455:
5445:
5433:. Retrieved
5420:
5398:the original
5393:
5365:
5336:
5330:
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5308:
5281:
5262:
5241:. Retrieved
5237:the original
5198:
5194:
5174:
5170:
5126:
5118:
5113:
5093:The acronym
5089:
5081:
5077:
5074:Osamu Tezuka
5068:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5003:
4993:
4988:
4964:
4902:LGBTQ portal
4888:Japan portal
4806:
4801:
4783:
4773:
4770:Legal issues
4756:Rachel Thorn
4747:
4742:
4734:
4708:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4669:
4661:Mariko Ōhara
4641:
4630:Paul Gravett
4623:
4619:heterosexism
4615:gender roles
4594:
4591:
4576:
4563:
4550:
4533:
4531:
4519:, and 6,900
4502:
4486:
4474:heterosexual
4456:
4454:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4405:
4395:
4377:
4371:
4370:(2020), and
4365:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4340:
4338:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4304:
4300:
4295:in 2018 and
4286:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4228:
4221:
4204:(2019); and
4200:
4198:(2019), and
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4165:
4160:
4157:Love of Siam
4156:
4151:
4145:
4137:Love of Siam
4135:
4133:
4124:Ossan's Love
4123:
4120:Drama Shower
4109:
4102:
4098:Cherry Magic
4096:
4086:
4071:The Novelist
4069:
4066:Ossan's Love
4065:
4057:Ossan's Love
4055:
4041:
4030:
4005:
4001:
3993:audio dramas
3990:
3984:
3983:, the first
3980:
3972:Audio dramas
3903:
3879:
3867:are common.
3864:
3850:
3841:The Advocate
3839:
3825:
3815:
3791:
3785:under their
3734:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3679:
3669:
3655:
3649:
3645:Harry Potter
3643:
3639:
3627:
3621:
3609:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3572:
3568:
3554:
3544:
3534:
3526:
3500:
3494:Harry Potter
3492:
3485:Harry Potter
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:¥160 million
3422:¥180 million
3418:¥400 million
3414:¥250 million
3403:
3399:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3306:
3300:to describe
3289:Supernatural
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3258:prepubescent
3236:
3235:
3217:Zettai Reido
3191:
3183:
3152:
3123:
3120:
3109:Bara (genre)
3087:
3082:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2993:towards the
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2942:Rachel Thorn
2927:
2922:Ossan's Love
2920:
2910:
2904:
2890:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2861:Gay equality
2844:misogynistic
2839:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2795:
2784:
2778:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2729:
2726:performative
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2627:martial arts
2620:
2593:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2497:
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2422:
2418:
2361:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2295:
2293:
2289:Crush on You
2288:
2282:
2276:
2264:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:Minami Ozaki
1987:Zetsuai 1989
1985:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1949:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:light novels
1901:
1884:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1797:Minori Shobo
1790:
1778:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1709:
1693:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1554:
1550:
1536:
1530:
1521:
1506:
1500:
1485:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1443:
1440:Nihon Shōnen
1439:
1433:
1415:
1383:
1364:
1354:
1343:
1329:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1291:
1279:
1272:. In Japan,
1256:
1246:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1198:
1169:
1150:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1077:
1062:Jean Cocteau
1014:
1007:
1001:
989:
971:
965:
957:ephebophilia
952:
929:
923:
855:2.5D musical
634:Magical girl
591:
440:Manga artist
360:Voice acting
300:
292:
278:
272:
262:
200:
178:
177:
159:
158:
140:
139:
133:
130:
82:
57:
56:
48:
36:
17256:Teens' love
17236:Otomechikku
17137:Television
16934:Video nasty
16929:Underground
16914:Slow cinema
16884:Sceneggiata
16772:Live action
16750:Independent
16730:Film à clef
16698:Docufiction
16666:Compilation
16641:Blockbuster
16609:Traditional
16604:Stop-motion
16540:Chick flick
16398:Slow cinema
16388:Remodernist
16203:Free Cinema
16183:Erra Cinema
16148:Cinema Novo
16026:Revisionist
15535:Gendai-geki
15471:Psychedelic
15459:Apocalyptic
15325:Beach party
15220:Slow cinema
15193:Space opera
15158:Fantastique
15029:Sceneggiata
15019:Musicarello
14892:Fantastique
14771:Fantastique
14714:Educational
14641:Video essay
14596:Documentary
14316:Haruyoshi (
14304:Hiroshima –
13936:Sōsei Genri
13805:LGBT rights
13778:transgender
13591:LGBTQ films
13575:Nickelodeon
13533:transgender
13514:Characters
13470:1960s–2000s
13416:Transgender
13348:By identity
13327:Video games
13317:Soap operas
13312:Graphic art
13260:1960s–1980s
13212:Video games
13133:Pornography
13094:Pornography
13045:Pornography
12950:El Salvador
12909:Naked Heart
12708:Moore, Alan
12416:: 169–186.
11980:10 November
11937:v.youku.com
11917:23 February
11884:23 February
11799:8 September
11713:25 December
11682:10 November
11535:10 November
11434:Suzuki 1999
11254:17 November
11209:28 November
11196:: CAPSTRANS
10800:Suzuki 2015
10662:26 November
10522:(in Korean)
10499:11 December
10369:10 November
10311:10 November
10277:17 November
10233:Japan Today
10212:17 November
10153:23 December
10026:Suzuki 2015
10011:10 February
9991:Shōjo Manga
9647:22 December
9589:10 November
9493:10 February
9440:10 November
9292:18 December
9235:13 November
9157:27 February
9126:3 September
9096:29 November
9005:10 February
8740:Ishii, Anne
8568:28 November
8538:Suzuki 1999
8520:29 December
8455:28 November
8412:28 November
8345:12 November
8141:10 December
8044:Gundam Wing
8017:Suzuki 1999
8002:26 December
7783:After Elton
7601:Suzuki 1999
7198:10 November
6937:17 November
6899:17 November
6808:Welker 2015
6781:Welker 2015
6769:Welker 2015
6727:8 September
6666:21 November
6598:Welker 2015
6583:Suzuki 1999
6571:Welker 2015
6527:Welker 2015
6512:Welker 2015
6476:Welker 2015
6464:Welker 2015
6452:Welker 2015
6440:Welker 2015
6336:Welker 2015
6310:Welker 2015
6298:Welker 2015
6223:Welker 2015
6128:Welker 2015
6111:Welker 2015
6099:Welker 2015
6087:Welker 2015
6057:17 November
5858:28 November
5813:10 November
5470:10 February
5435:14 November
5370:Welker 2015
5313:Suzuki 1999
5301:Suzuki 1999
5286:Suzuki 1999
5243:29 November
5152:Suzuki 2015
4920:Yaoi paddle
4788:moral panic
4780:Youka Nitta
4776:gender free
4729:co-founder
4482:questioning
4451:Yaoi fandom
4398:video games
4386:Video games
4305:The Untamed
4074: [
3928:", "global
3908:Sin Factory
3857:Scanlations
3832:LGBT cinema
3709:fan fiction
3686:, with the
3662:real people
3632:fan service
3611:Saint Seiya
3577:Youka Nitta
3556:Saint Seiya
3515:fan fiction
3449:Fan works (
3410:¥12 billion
3373: [
3202:patriarchal
2999:plot device
2785:hetare seme
2683:doggy style
2484:David Bowie
2460:qualities.
2407:David Bowie
2207:Lost Decade
2140:open letter
2130:debate" or
2050:Gravitation
2037:Banana Fish
1894: [
1876:Banana Fish
1800: [
1783: [
1770: [
1727:David Bowie
1692:. The term
1425: [
1405:during the
1290:gay manga (
1236: [
1147:Akiko Hatsu
1058:Oscar Wilde
982:androgynous
947:"boy love")
870:MyAnimeList
755:Conventions
672:Teens' love
646:Otomechikku
482:Iconography
445:Alternative
275:androgynous
197:. The term
155:"boy love")
45:androgynous
17437:Boys' love
17431:Categories
17364:Anime song
17141:Late night
16854:Paracinema
16839:Neorealist
16834:Mythopoeia
16819:Mockbuster
16784:Low-budget
16725:Featurette
16558:technique,
16556:By format,
16435:Surrealist
16430:Structural
16308:New German
16298:Neorealist
16293:Mumblecore
16233:Heimatfilm
16193:Film d'art
16158:Cinéma pur
15892:South Seas
15865:Sex report
15131:Paranormal
15094:Propaganda
14994:Mumblecore
14781:Historical
14663:Historical
14552:Remarriage
14542:Mo lei tau
14268:Kanagawa –
14260:Hokkaido –
13991:Tosa Nikki
13974:Literature
13429:Television
13406:Non-binary
13021:Omegaverse
12928:By country
12758:Mechademia
12735:Mechademia
12635:(5): 467.
12571:(editor),
12274:: 210–232.
11947:2 December
11753:Thorn 2004
11672:Comics 212
11614:(3): 843.
11350:Thorn 2004
11032:12 October
10938:9 November
10636:30 October
10336:21 October
10243:9 November
10142:Pixivision
9942:2 February
9610:(726): 66.
9575:"About Us"
9559:18 October
9409:4 December
9399:Daily Xtra
9036:9 November
8940:9 February
8744:Kidd, Chip
8712:Thorn 2004
8509:Pixivision
8427:Thorn 2004
8335:Nippon.com
8265:9 November
8234:29 October
7859:9 November
7794:9 November
7744:1 November
7734:1074487637
7697:9 November
7634:9 November
7583:9 November
7430:12 January
7389:Juné Manga
7358:Juné Manga
7139:2 December
6926:The Nikkei
6500:Thorn 2004
6171:Mechademia
6027:Mechademia
5904:Mechademia
5675:Thorn 2004
5496:1 February
5356:2292/23048
5201:(3): 842.
5137:References
5103:やめて お尻が 痛い
5038:) is used.
5007:The term "
4751:yaoi ronsō
4739:homophobia
4712:yaoi ronsō
4698:yaoi ronsō
4665:Kirk/Spock
4470:convention
4445:Demography
4433:Animamundi
4390:See also:
4373:Oh, Mando!
4239:soft power
4172:GMM Grammy
4091:(2019) on
4081:(2018) on
3946:DramaQueen
3942:Yaoi Press
3859:and other
3787:Deux Press
3284:Omegaverse
3190:writes in
3117:Omegaverse
2951:postmodern
2930:homophobia
2917:Omegaverse
2897:coming out
2867:homosocial
2631:LGBT slang
2559:(top) and
2526:Juné Manga
2300:web novels
2281:, notably
2223:Otome Road
2191:Otome Road
2172:yaoi ronsō
2160:yaoi ronsō
2144:homophobic
2132:yaoi ronsō
1950:yaoi ronsō
1942:home video
1919:Patalliro!
1889:(1986) by
1757:and early
1601:Moto Hagio
1565:Moto Hagio
1498:settings.
1454:homoerotic
1450:homosocial
1270:pedophilia
1219:wasei-eigo
1190:bōizu rabu
1179:Boys' love
1114:boys' love
1000:, and the
986:effeminate
860:Anime song
592:Boys' love
492:Manga cafe
487:Scanlation
430:Publishers
289:homophobia
106:homoerotic
76:bōizu rabu
58:Boys' love
18:Shounen-ai
17447:Shōnen-ai
17293:Noitamina
17289:(defunct)
17211:Iyashikei
16844:No-budget
16809:Meta-film
16777:animation
16735:Film-poem
16671:Composite
16616:Anthology
16579:Animation
16574:Actuality
16560:approach,
16328:New Queer
16248:Indiewood
16198:Film gris
16069:or period
16046:Spaghetti
15969:Submarine
15949:Vigilante
15914:Superhero
15668:Chopsocky
15614:Jidaigeki
15483:Dystopian
15382:Detective
15340:Buddy cop
15330:Body swap
15260:Political
15240:Financial
15203:Tokusatsu
15198:Steampunk
15114:Bromantic
15086:Malayalam
15065:Crossover
15041:Detective
15009:Backstage
14957:Religious
14813:Tech noir
14808:Pulp noir
14798:Film noir
14673:Melodrama
14611:Docudrama
14584:Cyberpunk
14577:Slapstick
14567:Screwball
14527:Gross out
14490:Christian
14468:Adventure
14354:Gay manga
14328:Naha City
14324:Okinawa –
14314:Fukuoka –
14299:Shinsekai
14270:Nogecho (
14254:Ikebukuro
14247:Shinbashi
13929:Amaterasu
13921:Mythology
13892:Otokonoko
13480:2016–2019
13475:2010–2015
13431:and radio
13411:Pansexual
13360:Aromantic
13322:Webcomics
13255:Animation
13238:By medium
13195:Mythology
13116:and media
13062:and media
13001:BL dramas
12989:and media
12935:Argentina
12892:Festivals
12779:123677562
12682:28 August
12669:. BRILL.
12495:143569303
12434:12 August
12336:: 42–75.
12253:: 21–41.
12211:144134070
12197:: 61–77.
12082:1030-4312
12060:Continuum
12039:22 August
12029:235527667
12021:0950-2386
11773:New Paltz
11628:144888475
11336:21 August
11326:150944639
11065:10 August
10975:144888475
10905:21 August
10895:191635597
10887:2150-4857
10848:225114409
10840:1936-4822
10460:MK Sports
10441:0163-4437
10115:5 January
10073:155381795
9972:25 August
9932:Kuriosity
9780:ComiPress
9483:142674472
9348:11 August
9279:145456400
8930:Chil Chil
8877:BookLive!
8827:7 January
8796:29 August
8308:252554305
8286:K@ta Kita
8169:: 76–103.
8048:fan sites
7968:2 January
7934:5 January
7889:5 January
7551:143779263
7467:2051-7084
7453:(1): 63.
7324:Chil Chil
7129:145418374
7090:219812643
7074:1934-2489
6989:198767219
6981:0967-828X
6394:March 28,
6364:March 28,
6278:The Guide
6192:120302321
6178:: 19–32.
6047:120935717
5925:201756800
5911:: 34–47.
5657:12 August
5568:146718641
5215:144888475
4784:shōnen-ai
4705:Criticism
4694:shōnen-ai
4657:voyeurism
4648:fetishism
4515:, 11,900
4511:, 22,400
4507:, 49,000
4494:gay manga
4430:licensed
4161:Love Sick
4110:In 2022,
3902:comic is
3789:imprint.
3755:Viz Media
3511:fan works
3491:from the
3262:pubescent
3231:pen names
3180:body hair
3176:masculine
3137:, "rose")
2981:rapes an
2836:shōnen-ai
2794:, "wimpy
2522:gay manga
2511:androgyny
2505:. Though
2480:glam rock
2475:shōnen-ai
2466:East Asia
2454:masculine
2405:Musician
2227:Ikebukuro
2195:Ikebukuro
2063:shōnen-ai
2045:Shōnen-ai
2041:shōnen-ai
2002:magazine
1924:shōnen-ai
1910:drama CDs
1871:shōnen-ai
1845:shōnen-ai
1838:shōnen-ai
1830:June-mono
1814:shōnen-ai
1806:launched
1755:shōnen-ai
1748:shōnen-ai
1723:glam rock
1705:shōnen-ai
1665:shōnen-ai
1655:gay manga
1634:shōnen-ai
1611:shōnen-ai
1573:shōnen-ai
1551:shōnen-ai
1486:shōnen-ai
1470:shōnen-ai
1466:Mari Mori
1407:Meiji Era
1357:androgyny
1349:shōnen-ai
1340:Mari Mori
1330:shōnen-ai
1301:shōnen-ai
1224:shōnen-ai
1052:shōnen-ai
1008:Shōnen-ai
990:shōnen-ai
961:pederasty
953:shōnen-ai
932:Shōnen-ai
745:Doujinshi
726:Doujinshi
618:Iyashikei
365:Companies
141:shōnen-ai
126:fan works
122:drama CDs
17332:Animedia
17282:Animeism
17246:Shotacon
17179:Futanari
16962:Category
16849:One-shot
16713:Abstract
16599:Computer
16283:Lettrist
16178:Dogme 95
16106:Bourekas
16076:Absolute
16016:Northern
16011:Meat pie
15964:Euro War
15959:Anti-war
15825:Rumberas
15746:Mountain
15648:Luchador
15604:Homeland
15592:Shotacon
15565:Suburban
15493:Economic
15454:Disaster
15387:Gangster
15362:Colonial
15352:Cannibal
15313:By theme
15270:Romantic
15225:Thriller
15183:New Wave
15178:Military
15136:Thriller
15104:Romantic
15051:Whodunit
15024:Operetta
15004:Arthouse
14972:Splatter
14867:Cannibal
14857:Arthouse
14840:Suburban
14830:Southern
14803:Neo-noir
14707:Thriller
14601:Animated
14589:Japanese
14557:Romantic
14547:Thriller
14473:Survival
14451:Arthouse
14439:By style
14379:Futanari
14272:Yokohama
14263:Susukino
14141:Barazoku
14046:Medieval
13912:X-gender
13885:Onnagata
13774:bisexual
13714:Category
13618:Intersex
13538:intersex
13528:bisexual
13510:Episodes
13438:By genre
13389:Intersex
13365:Bisexual
13154:Intersex
13149:Bisexual
13079:Femslash
12979:By media
12940:Colombia
12649:41788106
12558:, 1993.
12454:(2011).
12247:Bishōnen
12033:Archived
11974:Archived
11941:Archived
11911:Archived
11878:Archived
11330:archived
11248:Archived
11096:23 April
11059:Archived
11026:Archived
10961:(3): 3.
10932:Archived
10899:Archived
10751:cite web
10733:Wiggle.
10686:Archived
10394:Archived
10363:Archived
10305:Archived
10206:Archived
10147:Archived
10109:Archived
10083:2 August
10077:archived
9881:13 March
9844:Archived
9814:Archived
9641:Archived
9201:Archived
9120:Archived
8958:(2007).
8934:Archived
8887:16 April
8881:Archived
8851:Archived
8669:(1996).
8636:(2004).
8514:Archived
8339:Archived
7928:Archived
7883:Archived
7879:Futekiya
7738:Archived
7691:Archived
7484:Archived
7393:Archived
7362:Archived
7328:Archived
7297:Archived
7192:Archived
7133:Archived
7024:Archived
6993:Archived
6931:Archived
6893:Archived
6888:ABC News
6721:Archived
6660:Archived
6425:28 March
6419:Archived
6388:Archived
6358:Archived
6143:(2011).
6051:Archived
5852:Archived
5807:Archived
5799:Futekiya
5778:29902228
5737:PLOS One
5490:Archived
5429:Archived
5421:Futekiya
5177:: 49–75.
5084:authors.
5055:through
5030:Mandarin
5010:bishōnen
4860:See also
4832:underage
4803:Anhui TV
4735:dōjinshi
4686:bishōnen
4682:bishōnen
4635:bishōnen
4583:Analysis
4551:fudanshi
4478:bisexual
4461:Yaoi-Con
4426:, while
4418:JAST USA
4364:(2020),
4361:Gameboys
4301:Guardian
4272:Guardian
4262:Addicted
4186:(2021),
4180:(2020),
4130:Thailand
4107:(2020).
4093:TV Tokyo
4052:TV Asahi
3865:dojinshi
3779:Broccoli
3771:Tokyopop
3680:dōjinshi
3640:dōjinshi
3588:dōjinshi
3573:dōjinshi
3569:dōjinshi
3559:, while
3545:dōjinshi
3536:dōjinshi
3527:dōjinshi
3505:dōjinshi
3472:dōjinshi
3461:Dōjinshi
3452:dōjinshi
3398:, while
3298:ethology
3278:shotacon
3251:shotakon
3238:Shotacon
3198:feminist
3184:bishōnen
3153:gei komi
3113:Shotacon
3005:see the
2974:Anal sex
2872:dojinshi
2812:dōjinshi
2768:osoi uke
2691:fellates
2635:anal sex
2534:bishōnen
2530:bishōnen
2515:bishōnen
2507:bishōnen
2499:onnagata
2486:, actor
2462:Bishōnen
2458:feminine
2435:bishōnen
2419:bishōnen
2409:, actor
2369:Bishōnen
2362:Bishōnen
2329:Mandarin
2261:Yaoi-Con
2090:dōjinshi
2014:dōjinshi
2005:Margaret
1981:dōjinshi
1933:Earthian
1853:dōjinshi
1743:dōjinshi
1714:dōjinshi
1699:dōjinshi
1689:dōjinshi
1674:dōjinshi
1660:Barazoku
1650:bishōnen
1617:(1971).
1528:'s 1969
1445:bishōnen
1342:, whose
1280:dōjinshi
973:bishōnen
812:Glossary
660:Shotacon
527:Children
468:New Wave
461:Heta-uma
280:bishōnen
267:parodied
253:dōjinshi
238:Japanese
63:Japanese
50:bishōnen
17472:Gay art
17395:Portals
17358:Newtype
17315:Animage
17221:Lolicon
17169:Cooking
16944:Z movie
16720:Feature
16656:Collage
16626:B movie
16594:Cartoon
16333:No wave
16001:Florida
15996:Fantasy
15976:Western
15919:Surfing
15907:Eurospy
15877:Slavery
15727:Vampire
15707:Monster
15678:Kung fu
15619:Samurai
15587:Lolicon
15555:Romance
15402:Gong'an
15372:Concert
15357:Chicano
15320:Animals
15208:Western
15163:Fantasy
15121:Fantasy
15099:Reality
15036:Mystery
15014:Jukebox
14999:Musical
14977:Satanic
14967:Slasher
14937:Natural
14917:Holiday
14825:Romance
14791:Science
14756:Fantasy
14658:Dramedy
14522:Dramedy
14373:Class S
14342:Related
14286:Osaka –
14278:Aichi –
14240:Asakusa
14224:Tokyo –
14098:General
14091:Culture
13906:Wakashu
13865:General
13858:History
13825:Tottori
13815:Ibaraki
13766:Lesbian
13627:History
13606:by year
13570:Netflix
13518:lesbian
13450:TV film
13394:Lesbian
13355:Asexual
13293:2015–19
13288:2010–14
13278:2005–09
13273:2000–04
13074:Erotica
13069:Class S
12955:Iceland
12945:Ecuador
12270:/ BL".
10580:20 June
10469:13 June
10400:24 June
10176:20 June
9962:Carlsen
9911:17 June
9850:13 July
9820:13 July
9790:14 July
9719:24 June
8857:17 July
8100:: 231.
7399:20 July
7368:20 July
7334:20 July
7303:31 July
7187:Variety
5899:Ranma ½
5769:6002055
5746:Bibcode
4818:⁄
4727:Comiket
4723:History
4577:fujoshi
4534:fujoshi
4521:Chinese
4517:Italian
4509:Spanish
4505:English
4441:games.
4351:2gether
4342:HIStory
4282:xianxia
4256:Variety
4210:Line TV
4083:Fuji TV
4048:Fuji TV
4037:BL fans
3968:works.
3497:series.
3481:fan art
3442:On BLUE
3309:dom/sub
3273:lolicon
3186:of BL.
3172:gay men
3092:suicide
3079:Tragedy
2829:realism
2689:rarely
2621:ichidan
2595:ichidan
2316:khu jin
2136:Choisir
2100:RG Veda
1721:, with
1684:Comiket
1496:surreal
1464:writer
1431:in the
1418:subtext
1399:actors)
1378:samurai
1359:have a
1323:History
1184:ボーイズ ラブ
1006:genre.
846:Nijikon
806:General
770:Cosplay
748:printer
627:Lolicon
597:Cooking
475:Yonkoma
425:History
370:Studios
355:History
309:BL fans
71:Hepburn
67:ボーイズ ラブ
17442:Hentai
17382:Portal
17298:+Ultra
17251:Sports
17206:Isekai
17194:Hentai
17157:Genres
17055:Awards
16972:Portal
16909:Silent
16899:Shinpa
16894:Serial
16879:Satire
16864:Poetry
16794:Masala
16523:Shōnen
16506:Seinen
16021:Ostern
16006:Horror
15939:Travel
15897:Sports
15820:Rubble
15793:Prison
15761:Nature
15732:Zombie
15673:Gun fu
15609:Isekai
15582:Hentai
15550:Gothic
15476:Stoner
15442:Yakuza
15397:Gokudō
15345:Female
15275:Techno
15245:Giallo
15235:Erotic
15230:Comedy
15173:Horror
15168:Gothic
15153:Comedy
15126:Gothic
15109:Comedy
15058:Giallo
14912:Giallo
14882:Comedy
14852:Horror
14820:Gothic
14761:Comedy
14687:Erotic
14678:Korean
14636:Travel
14626:Pseudo
14572:Silent
14537:Parody
14532:Horror
14500:Action
14495:Comedy
14446:Action
14432:genres
14289:Doyama
14186:Events
14176:Samson
13899:Kagema
13776:, and
13565:Disney
13492:Horror
13445:Comedy
13299:2020s
13284:2010s
13269:2000s
13190:Horror
13185:Comics
13038:Danmei
12960:Mexico
12846:Awards
12777:
12722:
12673:
12647:
12616:
12601:
12579:
12562:
12547:
12533:
12517:
12493:
12462:
12420:
12390:
12371:
12348:
12295:
12230:
12209:
12107:
12080:
12027:
12019:
11736:
11626:
11586:
11561:
11502:
11397:
11372:
11324:
11314:
11277:
11156:
11131:
10999:
10973:
10893:
10885:
10846:
10838:
10782:8 July
10741:8 July
10718:8 July
10692:8 July
10552:11 May
10526:30 May
10439:
10071:
10061:
9676:(12).
9633:
9481:
9277:
9180:
8972:
8764:
8683:
8646:
8618:9 July
8306:
8217:
8104:
8068:
8038:
7916:: 12.
7732:
7722:
7549:
7465:
7270:
7246:133236
7244:
7127:
7088:
7080:
7072:
6987:
6979:
6719:(20).
6652:
6417:(20).
6190:
6151:
6045:
5923:
5776:
5766:
5607:
5603:Press
5566:
5524:
5269:
5213:
5117:While
5059:: the
5025:danmei
4840:Canada
4807:danmei
4513:Korean
4285:novel
4116:MBS TV
3853:pirate
3769:, and
3628:shōnen
3596:seinen
3592:shōnen
3440:, and
3380:, and
3115:, and
3084:Tragic
2955:modern
2877:shōnen
2656:. The
2341:danmei
2337:danmei
2324:danmei
2278:manhwa
2182:and BL
1912:, and
1857:shōnen
1628:, and
1522:Gekiga
1508:gekiga
1482:tropes
1434:shōnen
1397:kabuki
1385:kagema
1045:, and
828:Hentai
794:fandom
735:Doujin
717:Fandom
693:People
667:Sports
609:Isekai
576:Genres
552:Seinen
534:Shōnen
452:Gekiga
390:Fandub
385:Fansub
305:bottom
176:, and
17421:LGBTQ
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