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dominance”. Al-Asali asserted that Jews moving to
Palestine were adopting Ottoman citizenship whilst maintaining the citizenship of their countries of origin which proved useful in case of legal troubles. Moreover, he stressed that the growing Jewish community in Palestine was totally autonomous of the Ottoman state, possessed a growing arsenal of firearms and were in the process of slowly gaining control of rural villages, particularly in the subdistricts of
33:
385:, stated his wish that al-Asali and other notables arrested “would one day repent”, he allowed the Damascus military tribunal to continue their proceeding despite the absence of any evidence. The tribunal condemned al-Asali to death “for establishing a connection to the French consulate” and joining Arabist organizations prior to World War I.
266:(CUP) which seized power in 1908; this permitted political activists such as al-Asali an opportunity to express their grievances and nationalist views. As a deputy in parliament al-Asali was “a forceful advocate of Arab rights and came to lead the Syrian ‘liberal opposition’ in Parliament”, according to historian
367:
Though al-Asali supported the CUP’s secular and modernist reforms of
Ottoman society, he opposed their vision of a Turkish-centric culture to be enforced upon the whole empire. Instead, al-Asali advocated that the citizens of the non-Turkish provinces, such as Syria, reserved the right to culturally
273:
He condemned the alleged reticence of the CUP to appoint Arabs to high-ranking administrative posts; no government ministers or provincial governors were Arabs and one percent of high-ranking bureaucratic posts were filled by Arabs. He raised this matter backed by the aforementioned statistics in a
326:
Al-Asali’s parliamentary activism effectively galvanized Syrian-Arab opposition to the CUP. Parliament was dissolved in early 1912. He subsequently lost in the parliamentary elections of April 1912. Al-Asali's defeat was attributed to his disloyalty to the CUP, which was accused of vote rigging.
286:
Al-Asali also used his platform to criticize the CUP’s perceived weakness in confronting
Zionist expansion in Palestine. According to historian Louis Fishman, on the latter subject, al-Asali “was in some senses the most effective speaker, focusing concretely on how Zionists were able to achieve
282:
stated that al-Asali had done away with the image of meek Arab parliamentarians who simply stood by state policies without a voice of their own. The speech had no practical effect in changing policy. However, it was significant because it meant that Arab grievances could no longer be simply
306:
In August and
December 1911, al-Asali renewed his criticism of the CUP, accusing it of wearing the foundations of the empire through its autocratic governance and dismissiveness towards non-Turks. He further accused the CUP of brutality in its suppression of popular disturbances in the
354:
Al-Asali had become an early member of the secretive Arab
Renaissance Society, founded prior to the CUP coup. Following the coup, it evolved into an open forum for political and cultural expression. Following his defeat, al-Asali founded and became the editor of the ardently
283:
overlooked by the government. In contrast, the
Turkish press condemned al-Asali for “perfidy” and “hypocrisy”, to which al-Asali responded by asserting his loyalty to the Ottoman state and sultan while reaffirming his position that Arabs were being underrepresented.
376:
Though al-Asali had attempted to cooperate with the CUP to assist Syria’s inhabitants amid their struggles with food insecurity and famine during World War I, he was nonetheless arrested on allegations of cooperating with agents of the
351:, this was an attempt by the CUP to persuade al-Asali to tone down his criticism of the CUP’s policies. Al-Asali stated that he sought reform not a post given to him by a government that opposed such reform.
807:
Fishman, Louis (2011). "Understanding the 1911 Parliament Debate on
Zionism in Light of the Emergence of the Jewish Question". In Ben-Bassat, Yuval; Ginio, Eyal (eds.).
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quarter of
Damascus. Shukri’s father Ali Agha (died 1930) and grandfather Muhammad Agha (died 1873) were both landowners who served on the provincial council of
258:
during a by-election precipitated by the death of
Damascene parliamentarian Muhammad Ajlani. The constitution and parliament had been suspended by Sultan
163:
in the outskirts of
Damascus, known as the Al-Charkatli family. They relocated to Damascus in the year 1062 AH (Islamic calendar), and they still have
1001:
891:"Ottoman Service as a Vehicle for the Rise of New Upstarts among the Urban Elite Families of Syria in the Last Decades of Ottoman Rule"
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parliamentary debate on 5 April 1911 and was lauded for it by activists in Damascus and Beirut and the Syrian community in
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newspaper which first appeared in 1913 and called for greater autonomy for the Arabic-speaking provinces of the empire.
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520:"Shukri al-Asali one of the martyrs of May 6, 1916 who was hanged by Jamal Pasha in Marjeh Square in Damascus"
159:
in 1868 and belonged to the wealthy, landowning al-Asali family. The Al-Asalis originated from the village of
981:
461:
180:
986:
914:
Seikaly, Samir (1991). "Shukri al-Asali: A Case Study of a Political Activist". In Khalidi, Rashid (ed.).
468:
Notable People: A dictionary of biographies of the most famous Arab, Arabist and Orientalist men and women
191:, the Ottoman capital. He graduated in 1902 and began his service in the provincial bureaucracy of Syria.
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leader, and senior inspector in the Ottoman government, in addition to being a ranking member of the
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in 1910. During his term, he attempted but failed to prevent the sale of the village lands of
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alongside a number of other Syrian nationalist leaders in Damascus and Beirut. His nephew,
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8:
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136:
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470:] (in Arabic). Vol. 3 (15 ed.). Beirut: دار العلم للملايين. p. 172.
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to face trial for allegedly neglecting their duties to protect Tripolitania province.
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238:, but also in Damascus and Beirut, because of the high quality of the land and the
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province of Syria) and in the municipal council of Damascus. Shukri studied at the
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850:
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108:
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Fall of the Sultanate: The Great War and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1922
463:الأعلام : قاموس تراجم لأشهر الرجال والنساء من العرب والمستعربين والمستشرقين
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319:. He later called for some of its leaders and the pro-CUP ex-prime minister
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requested that Jamal Pasha pardon al-Asali, but to no avail. Al-Asali was
769:
The Making of Arab Americans: From Syrian Nationalism to U.S. Citizenship
389:
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139:. He served in the Ottoman parliament from 1911 until April 1912. He was
852:
Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860-1920
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express themselves on their own terms and in their native language.
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Al-Asali’s career in government started with his appointment as the
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32:
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Steel & silk : Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900-2000
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Islamic Reform: Politics and Social Change in Late Ottoman Syria
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184:
128:
413:
393:
296:
288:
275:
219:
381:, enemies of the empire. The governor of Syria at the time,
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901:(1–3). Haifa: Institute of Middle Eastern Studies: 63–94.
37:
Shukri al-Asali before his public execution on May 6, 1916
335:
In March 1913, al-Asali turned down an offer to serve as
187:. In 1896, he enrolled into the Ottoman Law Academy in
810:
Late Ottoman Palestine: The Period of Young Turk Rule
122:
514:
512:
167:in Yalda. In Shukri’s time, the family was in the
915:
771:(1st ed.). Texas: University of Texas Press.
1007:People executed by the Ottoman Empire by hanging
963:
922:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
792:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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749:
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234:). The large land sale raised ire not only in
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141:executed with other Syrian nationalists
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127:; 1868 – May 6, 1916) was a prominent
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1002:Politicians from the Ottoman Empire
834:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
194:
112:
13:
262:in 1877 but was reinstated by the
14:
1033:
710:. British Library. Archived from
242:-era fortress located within it.
944:Palestine and Modern Arab Poetry
1022:Lawyers from the Ottoman Empire
918:The Origins of Arab Nationalism
874:(1st ed.). Seattle: Cune.
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315:and for failing to prevent the
264:Committee of Union and Progress
222:, amounting to 2,500 acres, by
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343:by Hazim Bey, the governor of
1:
889:Roded, Ruth (November 1983).
419:
388:The powerful Ottoman general
150:
16:Syrian nationalist politician
941:Sulaiman, Khalid A. (1984).
786:Commins, David Dean (1990).
708:"القبس al Qabas (1913-1934)"
408:, later became a three-time
7:
992:20th-century Syrian lawyers
123:
10:
1038:
849:Khoury, Philip S. (1983).
278:. The Syrian intellectual
1017:Syrian newspaper founders
895:Asian and African Studies
767:Bawardi, Hani J. (2015).
347:. According to historian
317:Italian invasion of Libya
254:to contest a seat in the
181:Syrian Protestant College
94:
86:
60:
42:
30:
23:
688:Seikaly 1991, pp. 88–89.
458:al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din
371:
331:Later political activism
280:Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar
143:by the Ottoman governor
870:Moubayed, Sami (2006).
828:Gingeras, Ryan (2016).
598:Khoury 1983, pp. 61–62.
497:Khoury 1983, pp. 60–61.
339:(district governor) of
210:(district governor) of
753:Gingeras 2016, p. 212.
735:Gingersas 2016, p. 41.
554:Moubayed 2006, p. 365.
506:Roded 1983, pp. 91–92.
412:of a post-independent
947:. London: Zed Books.
653:Fishman 2011, p. 116.
621:Fishman 2011, p. 117.
402:hanged on May 6, 1916
250:Al-Asali resigned as
982:People from Damascus
714:on February 28, 2021
679:Seikaly 1991, p. 89.
665:Seikaly 1991, p. 88.
639:Seikaly 1991, p. 87.
580:Suleiman 1984, p. 9.
485:Commins 1990, p. 93.
435:Bawardi 2015, p. 78.
246:Member of Parliament
200:Qaimaqam of Nazareth
987:Syrian nationalists
697:Khoury 1983, p. 64.
612:Khoury 1983, p. 62.
589:Khoury 1983, p. 61.
155:Shukri was born in
137:Council of Notables
568:Roded 1983, p. 92.
447:Roded 1983, p. 91.
416:during the 1950s.
256:Ottoman Parliament
98:Syrian nationalist
881:978-1-88594-240-1
841:978-0-19-967607-1
820:978-1-84885-631-8
778:978-1-47730-752-6
524:Syrianhistory.com
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68:(aged 47–48)
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232:Sursock Purchase
195:Political career
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406:Sabri al-Asali
379:Triple Entente
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260:Abdul Hamid II
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718:November 27,
716:. Retrieved
712:the original
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527:. Retrieved
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224:Elias Sursuq
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131:politician,
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66:(1916-05-06)
18:
977:1916 deaths
972:1868 births
390:Enver Pasha
383:Jamal Pasha
321:Hakki Pasha
145:Jamal Pasha
133:nationalist
113:شكري العسلي
64:May 6, 1916
966:Categories
420:References
337:mutesarrif
165:endowments
151:Early life
87:Occupation
907:0066-8281
301:Jerusalem
236:Palestine
118:romanized
460:(2002).
396:notable
392:and the
361:Al Qabas
313:al-Karak
293:Tiberias
252:qaimaqam
212:Nazareth
207:qaimaqam
189:Istanbul
169:al-Midan
157:Damascus
76:Damascus
50:Damascus
357:Arabist
341:Latakia
240:Saladin
228:Zionist
216:al-Fula
177:Ottoman
120::
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185:Beirut
129:Syrian
109:Arabic
926:–96.
466:[
414:Syria
394:Druze
372:Death
297:Jaffa
289:Safad
276:Cairo
226:to a
220:Afula
161:Yalda
949:ISBN
928:ISBN
903:ISSN
876:ISBN
857:ISBN
836:ISBN
815:ISBN
794:ISBN
773:ISBN
720:2021
531:2018
311:and
299:and
218:and
61:Died
46:1868
43:Born
183:in
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