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324:. This is destructive to both the locomotive and the roadbed. In some locomotives, this hammering can be so intense that at speed, the drivers alternately jump from the rail head, then slam down hard on the rails as the wheels complete their rotation. Unfortunately, hammering is inherent to conventional two-cylinder piston-driven steam locomotives and that is one of the several reasons they have been retired from service.
226:; without springs, irregularities in the track could lift wheels off the rail and cause impact damage to both rails and vehicles. Driving wheels are typically mounted so that they have around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of vertical motion. When there are only 2 coupled axles, this range of motion places only slight stress on the
317:, the counterweight needed to balance the horizontal motion of the piston and connecting rod would be heavier than the counterweight needed to balance the vertical weight of the rods. As a result, a counterweight chosen to minimize the total vibration will not minimize the vertical component of the vibration.
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or geared transmission to one driver, counterweights can balance essentially all of the motion of the side rods. Where part of the motion is non-circular, for example, the horizontal motion of a piston rod, counterweights on the wheels or drive axles cannot be made to balance the entire assembly
230:. With more axles, however, provision must be made to allow each axle to move vertically independently of the others without bending the rods. This may be done by hinging the side rod at each intermediate crank pin, either using the pin itself as a
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of the driving wheel inevitably creates an eccentric movement and vibration when in motion. To compensate for this, the driving wheels of an inside-frame locomotive always had built-in
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locomotives, the counterweight could be on the driving wheel itself, or it could be on the crank outside the frame, as shown in the adjacent figure.
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The vertical component of the vibration that could not be eliminated because of the weight needed to balance the pistons is called
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used at each intermediate axle. This approach was quite common when side rods were used to link a
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420:, No. 74, 1913; pages 7-9. The reason for the scotch yoke is given explicitly on page 8.
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to offset the angular momentum of the coupling rods, as shown in the figures above. On
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Where the motion of the side-rods is purely circular, as on locomotives driven by
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Connecting rod and coupling rods attached to a small locomotive driving wheel
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An alternative is to use a side rod that spans multiple axles with a
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perfectly. On a driving wheel supporting both side-rods and the
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General
Construction, Baldwin Gasoline Industrial Locomotives
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was the first locomotive to employ coupling rods rather than
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and some early internal combustion locomotives. The Swiss
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William G. Knight, Locomotive
Driving Rod Connection,
401:Archibald H. Ehle, Internal-Combustion Locomotive,
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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289:The coupling rod's off-center attachment to the
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257:is a prominent example, but there were others.
34:Rod connecting driving wheels of a locomotive
175:in particular usually have them, but some
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
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429:Norman W. Storer, Electric Locomotive,
356:Tracy V. Buckwalter, Locomotive Drive,
222:In general, all railroad vehicles have
183:locomotives, especially older ones and
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332:Initially, coupling rods were made of
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143:Hinged side rods connecting the
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418:Baldwin Locomotive Works Record
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52:needs additional citations for
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206:coupling rods were developed.
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469:Steam locomotive technologies
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210:Allowance for vertical motion
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449:Steam locomotive components
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255:Ce 6/8 Crocodile locomotive
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275:electro-diesel locomotive
269:Counterweight on a small
377:, granted Oct. 16, 1888.
362:, granted Mar. 13, 1934.
202:. In the 1930s reliable
27:Not to be confused with
392:, granted May 18, 1931.
435:, granted May 2, 1911.
407:, granted Mar. 1, 1910
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389:U.S. patent 1,807,217
359:U.S. patent 1,951,126
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251:electric locomotives
61:improve this article
432:U.S. patent 991,038
404:U.S. patent 951,062
374:U.S. patent 391,148
185:shunter locomotives
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117:January 2013
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59:Please help
54:verification
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239:scotch yoke
191:Development
458:Categories
344:References
306:jackshafts
273:dual-mode
228:crank pins
169:locomotive
87:newspapers
328:Materials
322:hammering
291:crank pin
261:Balancing
243:jackshaft
232:hinge pin
443:See also
181:electric
161:side rod
18:Side rod
281:Tem II
101:scholar
338:alloys
315:piston
200:chains
177:diesel
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313:to a
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