95:
332:
31:
327:
Desplats with 8 tirailleurs and 3 sailors in a summarily fortified boat to attack the
Toucouleur party from behind. The surprised Toucouleur warriors left their cover in panic and half of them were killed by the fort's defenders' heavy fire, while many others drowned while hastily fleeing from the
429:
The Fort of Médine is open to the public. The Fort is located about 12 km east of Kayes on the "road to Bamako." There is also an old railroad station and
European-style cemetery with graves from the mid-19th century. The village population is around 1800 with a small market daily.
382:
sprayed them with an intense gunfire. The
Toucouleur army disbanded and left the vicinity of Médine in disorganized retreat. As soon as the enemy had disappeared from sight, the starved civilians hidden in the fort came out to eat grass and roots nearby. Once the fighting was over, the
322:
In the night of 11 May, some 200 Toucouleur warriors landed on a small island on the river about 100 meters from the fort, where large rocks gave them a well covered position to fire on the fort while being protected from French fire. On the morning, Holle sent
319:, under devastating rifle and cannon fire from the defenders. French firepower proved too strong however, and the Toucouleur eventually withdrew from the walls, leaving 300 dead behind. The French had lost 6 killed and 13 wounded in the attack.
377:
on a small hill held by some
Toucouleur warriors, and from there unleashed a heavy rifle and artillery fire on the main Toucouleur force below. As the Toucouleurs fled alongside the river toward the fort, men who had remained on the
339:
In the night of 4-5 June, the
Toucouleur army attempted a second assault on the fort, but it was less resolute than the first one and was easily repulsed by the French. However, French ammunition and food reserves were running low.
361:
had departed from Saint-Louis to rescue Fort-Médine, but the low level of the river prevented them from reaching their goal. In the night of July 17 however, the flow of the river finally increased after massive rains, and the
312:
and 34 sailors from Saint-Louis. The population of the village, numbering roughly 6,000 immediately sought shelter in the fort as the
Toucouleur forces appeared.
278:
854:
315:
On April 20, the
Toucouleur launched their first assault on the fort. Using ladders made from palm tree branches, Toucouleur warriors attempted to
347:
force. Along with sergeant
Desplats, he took some dispositions to blow up the fort should the enemy manage to take over. To avoid affecting the
532:
402:
Following the relief of Fort Médine, Faidherbe signed a treaty with the Omar Tall gaining concessions for the French down to the
273:
regions. By 1855, his rapid expansion had led to several skirmishes with the French army. With the authorization of his ally,
745:
716:
691:
297:
In late April 1857, the entire
Toucouleur army, roughly 20,000 warriors under Oumar Tall, marched on the village of Médine.
844:
480:
409:
Realizing the difficulties of attacking the well-equipped French, Omar Tall turned his attention to the neighboring
819:
760:
775:
473:
La Guerre sainte d'Al-Hajj Umar: le Soudan occidental au milieu du XIXe siècle, Volume 9 de Hommes et sociétés
814:
824:
417:
in 1861. However, the French continued to expand their West
African presence, conquering Ségou and the
829:
809:
331:
849:
834:
573:
782:
732:
Mbaye, Ravane (2011). "The Islamization of Africa". In El Hareir, Idris; Mbaye, Ravane (eds.).
309:
737:
373:, alongside 400 tirailleurs and 100 white troops. After landing, Faidherbe's men launched a
560:
Revue de l'Orient et de L'Algérie et de colonies: bulletin et actes de la Société orientale
231:
99:
94:
250:, alongside which the French began establishing a series of forts. The army moved troops,
8:
242:
was appointed Governor of Senegal and soon began an expansion of French interests into
238:, it had never attempted to expand outside of these two settlements. In 1854 however,
343:
Due to the low tide of the river, Holle was rather pessimistic about the arrival of a
771:
741:
712:
687:
578:
Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde. Tome 4
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418:
344:
211:
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108:
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129:
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180:
63:
839:
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803:
247:
184:
784:
The Holy War of Umar Tal: The Western Sudan in the mid-Nineteenth Century
403:
351:
of the defenders, both men kept it a secret from the rest of the troops.
203:
35:
305:
207:
120:
270:
495:
Crowder, Michael "History of French West Africa until Independence".
255:
390:
For his stubborn defense of Fort-Médine, Paul Holle was awarded the
324:
316:
301:
281:, Governor Faidherbe ordered a fort built at the Khasso village of
736:. Different aspects of Islamic culture, 3. Paris: UNESCO. p.
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235:
30:
355:
227:
348:
274:
251:
200:
103:
286:
266:
243:
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Although France had been present on the coast of what is now
413:, conquering most of its territory including its capital of
218:
lifted the siege and forced the Toucouleur army to retreat.
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629:
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188:
67:
38:'s view of the lifting of the siege of Fort Medina, from
624:
605:
584:
517:. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press. p. 92.
759:
This initial article was based on a translation of the
709:
Century of Revolution: A World History, 1770–1870
539:
452:
440:
763:
from the French Knowledge, retrieved on July 5, 2005
684:
Wars Of Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830–1914
499:Oliver, Roland and Crowder, Michael, eds. (1990)
141:1,000 soldiers (64 with modern firearm knowledge)
801:
711:. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse. p. 218.
421:less than thirty years after Omar Taal's death.
369:On 18 July, Faidherbe arrived at Médine on the
681:
515:The Negroes of Africa: History and Culture
666:
654:Les français au Niger: voyages et combats
639:
618:
599:
572:
562:. Éditeur Société orientale. p. 181.
557:
512:
366:could finally continue its way upstream.
780:
734:The Spread of Islam Throughout the World
545:
470:
458:
446:
387:discharged its food supply to the fort.
330:
855:19th-century military history of France
706:
700:
258:where possible and overland where not.
802:
651:
354:On 2 July, Governor Faidherbe and the
770:. Humanities Press, New York (1972).
731:
503:London: Europa Publications, page 18
424:
199:unsuccessfully besieged native and
13:
475:. KARTHALA Editions. p. 203.
308:, seven white French soldiers, 22
304:consisted in the fort's commander
14:
866:
686:. London: UCL Press. p. 80.
93:
40:Voyage dans le Soudan occidental
29:
24:Part of the French colonial wars
725:
675:
660:
645:
397:
566:
551:
521:
506:
489:
464:
1:
787:. Oxford: the Clarendon Press
433:
221:
230:since the 17th century with
210:. After 97 days of siege, a
7:
558:Dulaurier, Edouard (1861).
529:La Nouvelle revue, Volume 8
513:Delafosse, Maurice (1968).
335:Faidherbe lifting the siege
149:800 soldiers and 2 gunboats
10:
871:
682:Vandervort, Bruce (1998).
501:Africa South of the Sahara
183:, on the left bank of the
671:. Challamel. p. 120.
156:
135:
114:
86:
46:
28:
23:
18:
845:Military history of Mali
781:Robinson, David (1985).
707:Clingan, Edmund (2013).
667:Soleillet, Paul (1887).
652:Pietri, Camille (1885).
471:Robinson, David (1988).
292:
820:Sieges involving France
768:The Segu Tukulor Empire
656:. Hachette. p. 90.
240:Colonel Louis Faidherbe
54:20 April - 18 July 1857
336:
310:Senegalese Tirailleurs
254:and other supplies by
214:under French Governor
179:took place in 1857 at
115:Commanders and leaders
766:B.O. Oloruntimeehin.
761:corresponding article
334:
157:Casualties and losses
815:19th century in Mali
580:. Plon. p. 138.
269:against neighboring
206:troops commanded by
177:siege of Fort Medina
19:Siege of Medina Fort
825:French West Africa
425:Present-day Medine
337:
830:Conflicts in 1857
810:Toucouleur Empire
747:978-92-3-104153-2
718:978-1-4759-9342-4
693:978-0-253-21178-1
574:Martineau, Alfred
419:Toucouleur Empire
279:Hawa Demba Diallo
173:
172:
109:Toucouleur Empire
82:
81:
862:
796:
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792:
752:
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531:. 1881. p.
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519:
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468:
462:
456:
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392:Legion of Honour
197:Omar Saidou Tall
130:Omar Saidou Tall
98:
97:
48:
47:
33:
16:
15:
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869:
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453:
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436:
427:
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295:
285:, not far from
224:
216:Louis Faidherbe
187:in present-day
168:
163:
152:15,000 soldiers
148:
144:
142:
125:Louis Faidherbe
123:
102:
92:
70:
34:
12:
11:
5:
868:
858:
857:
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850:1857 in Africa
847:
842:
837:
835:1857 in France
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
798:
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778:
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754:
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746:
724:
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699:
692:
674:
669:Voyage à Ségou
659:
644:
642:, p. 141.
640:Martineau 1931
623:
621:, p. 139.
619:Martineau 1931
604:
602:, p. 138.
600:Martineau 1931
583:
565:
550:
548:, p. 196.
538:
520:
505:
488:
481:
463:
461:, p. 203.
451:
449:, p. 210.
438:
437:
435:
432:
426:
423:
411:Bambara Empire
399:
396:
375:bayonet charge
317:climb the wall
300:Fort Médine's
294:
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137:
133:
132:
127:
117:
116:
112:
111:
106:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:French victory
76:
72:
71:
66:, present day
62:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
25:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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569:
561:
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547:
546:Robinson 1988
542:
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498:
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482:9782865372119
478:
474:
467:
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459:Robinson 1988
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447:Robinson 1985
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265:launched his
264:
259:
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253:
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248:Senegal River
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Senegal River
182:
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166:
161:
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155:
151:
147:
146:Relief force:
140:
139:
134:
131:
128:
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122:
119:
118:
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107:
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101:
100:French Empire
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65:
61:
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57:
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45:
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37:
32:
27:
22:
17:
789:. Retrieved
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398:Consequences
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363:
358:
353:
342:
338:
321:
314:
299:
296:
260:
225:
212:relief force
176:
174:
169:many wounded
167:2,000 killed
145:
87:Belligerents
39:
404:Niger River
246:and up the
232:Saint-Louis
36:Eugene Mage
804:Categories
776:0391002066
434:References
306:Paul Holle
222:Background
208:Paul Holle
195:forces of
193:Toucouleur
164:95 wounded
121:Paul Holle
791:23 August
263:Omar Tall
261:In 1848,
256:steamship
162:31 killed
143:4 cannons
576:(1931).
328:island.
325:sergeant
302:garrison
204:colonial
136:Strength
59:Location
385:Basilic
380:Basilic
371:Basilic
364:Basilic
359:Basilic
356:gunboat
271:Malinké
228:Senegal
774:
744:
715:
690:
479:
349:morale
345:relief
283:Medina
277:Queen
275:Khasso
252:cannon
201:French
191:. The
181:Médine
104:Khasso
75:Result
64:Médine
42:(1868)
840:Kayes
415:Ségou
293:Siege
287:Kayes
267:jihad
244:Waalo
236:Gorée
793:2024
772:ISBN
742:ISBN
713:ISBN
688:ISBN
477:ISBN
234:and
189:Mali
175:The
68:Mali
51:Date
738:343
806::
740:.
626:^
607:^
586:^
533:19
497:In
406:.
394:.
289:.
795:.
750:.
721:.
696:.
535:.
485:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
