892:, where it was filtered through ammonia coils and then through two filters into two suction tanks. Inside the Singer Building, there were seven water tanks to serve a projected demand of 15,000 U.S. gallons (57,000 L) each hour. Three tanks on the Singer Tower's 29th, 39th, and 42nd floors had a combined capacity of 15,000 gallons and served several portions of the tower. To provide water to the base, there was one tank of 5,000 U.S. gallons (19,000 L) in the Bourne Building and three tanks of a combined 18,000 U.S. gallons (68,000 L) in the original Singer Building. This allowed all the offices in the tower portion to be provided with cold, hot, and ice water. Two heaters in the basement provided heated water to the entire building. There was also a refrigeration plant with two pumps and a small freezing system capable of producing 500 to 1,000 pounds (230 to 450 kg) of ice daily.
802:. One of them, with a capacity of 40 short tons (36 long tons; 36 t), a 75-foot (23 m) mast, and a 65-foot (20 m) boom, lifted the steel beams from ground level to a 17th-story platform. The other was installed on the 17th floor and had a capacity of 25 short tons (22 long tons; 23 t); this derrick erected the tower's steel. Generally, it took less than five minutes to transfer the steel from ground level to the superstructure. German steel was used in the Singer Tower's framing because of Flagg's belief that German workmanship was better than that of Americans. The tower's superstructure was intended to withstand wind pressure of 30 pounds per square foot (1.4 kPa), even though the highest recorded wind pressure in the neighborhood was less than 10 pounds per square foot (0.48 kPa) at the time of the Singer Building's construction.
1179:, were temporarily taken apart in June 1907, so that four more stories could be inserted above the existing seventh story. As such, the old eighth story of the old Singer Building became the new 12th story. This added 15,600 square feet (1,450 m) of usable space without disturbing tenants on the lower floors. Several columns were erected at the old building's front and rear elevations, extending from the basement to the 11th floor to support the raised roof. Holes were created in the existing floors of the Singer Building so that they could be supported by steel columns instead of by the bearing walls. The old Singer Building was extended north by 74 feet (23 m), the three extra bays on Broadway having the same style as the original two.
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details until
February 1906, when it announced that it would build a 594-foot (181 m) tower, the world's tallest. Revised plans were filed in July 1906, which provided for a more wind-resistant structure. The company intended to occupy the space above the 31st floor and planned to rent out the bottom section of the tower to tenants to subsidize their use of the upper floors. The Singer Company projected that it would earn $ 250,000 in rent per year, given a baseline rental cost of $ 3 per square foot ($ 32/m). Engineers were hired to create the construction plans as soon as the architect's plans and specifications were published.
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made of copper sheeting. In its final years, the dome's trapezoidal skylights were replaced with dormer windows. The top of the lantern was 612 feet (187 m) above ground level, and a steel flagpole rose 62 feet (19 m) above the lantern, bringing the height of the Singer Tower to 674 feet (205 m) when measured from ground to tip. The flagpole was actually 90 feet (27 m) long, but the base of the flagpole was embedded into the tower. The entire exterior was lit at night by 1,600 incandescent lamps and thirty 18-inch (460 mm) projectors, which were visible at distances of up to 20 miles (32 km).
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stone bands on each side formed a tall arch evocative of the tower's dome. On the 36th floor, an ornamental balcony cantilevered about 8.5 feet (2.6 m) outward on each side; it was supported by brackets on the 35th floor. Stone architraves surrounded the corner windows of the 36th and 37th stories, while ornate stone arches framed the center bays on the 36th through 38th stories. There were oval windows on each corner at the 38th floor. Above that level, a heavy stone cornice ran around the corners and above the arches.
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building experienced an electrical fire in 1949 that forced the evacuation of the entire building, although only one person was injured. To comply with modern building codes, automatic elevators were installed in either 1957 or 1959. In addition, some offices received air conditioning, though they retained their original thermostats. The revolving doors at the base had been removed by 1958, being replaced with standard doors. Toward the end of its existence, the Singer
Building's two large ground-level storefronts were subdivided into smaller ones.
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1295:(LPC) was created in 1965, in the wake of several notable buildings in the city having either been demolished or threatened with demolition. Although the Singer Building was considered to be one of the most iconic buildings in New York City, the LPC never considered designating it as a landmark, which would have prevented the building's demolition. In August 1967, LPC executive director Alan Burnham said that, if the building were to have been made a landmark, the city would have to either find a buyer or acquire the building on its own.
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electric power to the entire building. Initially, the Bourne and original Singer buildings had boilers aggregating 546 horsepower (407 kW) and power generators with a capacity of 387.5 kilowatts (519.6 hp). With the 1906–1908 addition, boilers aggregating 1,925 horsepower (1,435 kW) were installed, and generators with a capacity of 1,400 kilowatts (1,900 hp) were added, replacing the old ones. A steel smokestack at the northwest corner of the building was shared with the
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down to the basement. Four "express" elevators ran from the lobby to the upper floors; three of them terminated at the 35th floor and the fourth at the 40th floor. Another "shuttle" elevator served only the 35th through 38th floors. The elevators could carry loads of up to 2,500 pounds (1,100 kg) and could travel from the lobby to the top floor at 600 feet per minute (180 m/min), faster than any other elevator then in existence.
885:. The interior trim in the Singer Building was made of metal painted to resemble wood, including in the doors. Actual wooden furniture was used in the Singer Company's main offices on the 34th floor. There were also ornamental plaster features executed by H. W. Miller Inc. Plaster was used extensively for the walls and ceilings. The usable office space in the building totaled 410,000 square feet (38,000 m; 9.4 acres).
1324:) was built on the site and completed in 1973. One Liberty Plaza contained 37,000 square feet (3,400 m) per floor, compared with the 4,200 square feet (390 m) per floor in the Singer Building's tower. One Liberty Plaza had at least twice the two former buildings' combined interior area. At the time of the Singer Building's demolition, it was the tallest building ever to be destroyed. The record was surpassed during the
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1123:(3.8 m), followed in 1902, and in 1903 by the purchase of the five-story 93 Liberty Street, which added a frontage of 27 feet (8.2 m). By 1905, the Singer Company controlled most of the block along both Broadway and Liberty Street; the original Singer Building was an L-shaped structure extending west and then north from the northwestern corner of Broadway and Liberty Street.
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world's tallest building to be destroyed upon its demolition. Contemporary sources at the time of the building's construction described the "Singer Tower" as referring only to the building's tower portion, rather than its base. The "Singer
Building" name originally referred only to a portion of the base, although by the mid–20th century it referred to the entire structure.
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September 19. A timber platform, measuring 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and descending from
Broadway to the excavation site, was constructed so that workers could receive materials and extract soil more efficiently. The first steel shipments for the anchorages arrived in October 1906. Foundation work was completed on February 18, 1907.
1046:; New York had just four buildings over 16 stories tall in 1893, compared to twelve such buildings in Chicago. Part of the delay was caused by New York City authorities, who until 1889 would not allow metal-frame construction techniques. Skyscraper development in New York City changed in 1895 with the construction of the
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submitted building plans in 1898, the annex was estimated to cost $ 450,000. Bourne did not take title to the Bourne
Building's site until September 1899, and the Bourne Building was completed the same year. By 1900, the Singer and Bourne buildings were both fully occupied. The tenants included the law office of
765:. The original Singer Building was altered between 1906 and 1908 to use a steel skeleton. The entire building used 850 steel columns. The columns were generally constructed in two-story segments. One- to three-story-tall column segments were used on the basements, first floor, and 14th through 16th floors.
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Building's tower and the City
Investing Building immediately to the north, which was built during the same time. The columns required to support the Singer Tower would have been too large to place atop the original Singer Building, so they were instead built in the northern portion of the lot. The tower had a
1050:, a 20-story, 303-foot (92 m) development that broke Chicago's height record. From then on, New York thoroughly embraced skeleton frame construction. The early years of the 20th century saw a range of technically sophisticated, architecturally confident skyscrapers built in New York; academics
1374:, which required many skyscrapers in New York City to have setbacks as they rose. For over four decades, the ordinance prevented the city's new skyscrapers from overwhelming the streets with their sheer bulk. These setbacks were not required if the building occupied 25 percent or less of its lot area.
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As per the 1916 Zoning Act, the wall of any given tower that faces a street could only rise to a certain height, proportionate to the street's width, at which point the building had to be set back by a given proportion. This system of setbacks would continue until the tower reaches a floor level when
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cash deal of $ 8.5 million. According to property records, the sale was never finalized. Also in 1925, a subbasement vault was dug for the
Chatham and Phenix National Bank after the bank's merger with the Metropolitan Trust Company, and three of the lower floors were renovated for the bank's use.
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In late 1905, Flagg was hired to design a westward annex to the Bourne
Building and a northward annex to the original Singer Building. The Bourne and Singer buildings were to be united internally, and the old Singer Building was to be expanded to 14 stories. The top story of the Bourne Building would
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The superstructure was constructed afterward. A temporary elevator was installed while the tower's superstructure was being erected. During the construction process, city building inspectors alleged the builders had violated city law by installing concrete flooring instead of hollow-tile floors. As a
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The tower stories contained a U-shaped layout surrounding the elevators in the center of the building, with emergency stairs in the tower's core. In the Singer
Building's tower, there were very few partitions, except for elevators and restrooms. The average floor in the tower contained 16 offices. On
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The top of the tower contained a 50-foot-tall (15 m) dome covering the top three stories, capped by a lantern that measures 9 feet (2.7 m) across at its base and stretches 63.75 feet (19 m) tall. The dome's roof was made of slate, while the roof ornamentation, dormers, and lantern were
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The Singer Tower's facade was made of brick masonry ranging in thickness from 12 inches (300 mm) at the top to 40 inches (1,000 mm) at the base. The Singer Tower contained five bays on each side, each measuring 12 feet (3.7 m) wide. Construction plans show that there were 36 windows on
489:, and measured 74.5 feet (22.7 m) on Broadway by 110 feet (34 m) on Liberty Street. The structure, as completed in 1908, was composed of four distinct sections: the original Singer and Bourne buildings, an annex next to both buildings, and the tower. All of these structures were designed by
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tower occupying no more than a quarter of the lot. He had once written, "Our rooms and offices are becoming so dark that we must use artificial light all day long." The Singer
Building's design expressed Flagg's opinions on city planning and skyscraper design. The building's design partly influenced
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The Singer Manufacturing Company hired Ernest Flagg for the design of their new headquarters. Flagg filed plans for the new Singer Building at 149 Broadway in early 1897. They called for a 10-story stone-and-brick building with banking rooms on the lowest two stories, rental office space on six
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The building was composed of four distinct sections. The original 10-story Singer Building at 149 Broadway was erected between 1897 and 1898, and the adjoining 14-story Bourne Building on Liberty Street was built from 1898 to 1899. In the first decade of the 20th century, the two buildings
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In 1921, the Singer Company placed the building up for sale at an asking price of $ 10 million. Four years later, the company made an agreement with a buyer representing the Utilities Power and Light Corporation, a holding company for several states' power companies. The transaction involved a
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On May 1, 1908, the tower was opened to the public. The construction workers held a dinner that week to celebrate the completion of work. A month later, on June 23, the observation balcony opened. The Singer Building quickly became a symbol of Manhattan with its floodlit tower. Surpassing
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In December 1897, before the new Singer headquarters was completed, Bourne bought three five-story structures for the company at 85–89 Liberty Street, on a plot measuring 74.8 by 99.8 feet (22.8 by 30.4 m). Flagg was retained to design the 14-story Bourne Building on the site, and when he
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electric traction elevators in the completed building, and one electric-drum elevator, for a total of 16 elevators. The tower portion had nine elevators, eight of which ran from the lobby. Four were "local" elevators making all stops between the lobby and the 13th floor; two of these continued
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was 20 feet (6.1 m) below the Singer Building. The ground composition under the lot varied significantly, as the hardpan was compact in some places and loose in others. Below the groundwater level, the saturation of the ground made it unfeasible to dig the cellar conventionally. The Foundation
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wrapped around the tower above the 17th, 18th, 23rd, 24th, 29th, and 30th stories, while there were terracotta balconies on each side at the 18th, 24th, and 30th stories. Iron balconies also projected from the building at intervals of seven stories. Near the top of the tower, the vertical
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North River bluestone. Four stories were added between the seventh floor and the three-story roof during that time, and the Broadway facade was expanded from two bays to five. With the modifications, the vertical bays were separated with vertical strips from the fourth to the 10th floors, with
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Concurrently with the land acquisitions, Flagg was retained to design a second addition to the Singer Building in 1902. By early the next year, he was planning a building that would be the tallest in the world, with over 35 stories. However, the Singer Manufacturing Company did not reveal specific
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The base of the building filled the entire lot. It was composed of the 10-story original structure (later expanded to 14 stories) and the 14-story annex known as the Bourne Building. The original Singer Building, on the southeastern portion of the lot, had a frontage of 58 feet (18 m) on
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When the tower addition was completed in 1908, its roof was 612 feet (187 m) high. The tower was topped by a 58-foot (18 m) flagpole, giving it a ground-to-pinnacle height of 670 feet (200 m). The Singer Building was the world's tallest building at the time of its completion and the
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posts were made of bronze. The elevators were clustered on the northern wall, opposite the stairs to the original Singer Building. Each of the elevator doors in the lobby were made of four bronze leaves. A balcony, trimmed with bronze, overlooked the lobby. There were Italian marble stairs at the
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characterized the lobby as exuding "celestial radiance". Two rows of eight square marble piers trimmed with bronze beading supported the lobby ceiling. Each pier was made of Pavonazzo marble and had a border of Montarenti Sienna marble. There were large bronze medallions atop each pier, depicting
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wrote that the firm was "wise enough to leave magnificence alone". Over the Singer Building's existence, its lighting system was changed at least five times. The copper ornamentation on the tower's dome was restored in 1939. The flagpole and roof cresting were removed entirely in early 1947. The
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by Flagg's office, was more than twice as expensive as a conventional foundation would have cost for a building of the Singer Tower's size. The original plan was for the caissons to be sunk only 20 feet (6.1 m) deep, but the builders changed plans midway through the excavations, so that the
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to determine the composition of the underlying soil. Contracts for digging the foundation were awarded in August 1906 before the plans were approved. The plans for the Singer Tower were approved on September 12, 1906, and excavation began later that month, with work officially beginning on
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The boiler room and mechanical plant were in the basement, and consisted of five boilers and five generators. The boilers were clustered under the western portion of the building, while an engine room was in the center. A pump room and machine room were in the southeastern corner, with a chief
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The Singer Building was intended to be fireproof, and the tower section used mostly concrete floors, with wood used in some doors, windows, railings and decorative elements. The base used more wood than the tower, mainly in the floors, windows, and doors. All the building's stairs were made of
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The Singer Tower addition of 1906–1908 had a steel skeleton and weighed 18,365 short tons (16,397 long tons; 16,660 t). The tower's columns were spaced 12 feet (3.7 m) apart on their centers. Because the three center bays on each side contained windows, only the corners used diagonal
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opened on June 23, 1908, visitors paid $ 0.50 (equivalent to $ 17 in 2023) to use the observation area at the top of the building. From this observation deck, visitors could see as far as 30 miles (48 km) away. After two people jumped from the deck and died, the Singer Tower was
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on each floor; the radiators in the ground-floor banking rooms and the Singer Company's 33rd and 34th floor offices were enclosed within ornamental screens. About 1,600 steam radiators were installed throughout the building. As well as providing heat, the building's boilers also provided
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at the tower's pinnacle were included, the Singer Tower was the equivalent of a 47-story building. The tower was set back 30 feet (9.1 m) behind the base's frontage on Broadway, and it filled only one-sixth of the total lot area. There was a gap of 10 feet (3.0 m) between the Singer
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Charles G. Armstrong and steel engineers Boller & Hodge, oversaw construction. Over 40 other companies were involved in the construction process, and nearly 100 construction contracts were awarded. There were no general contractors on the project; the owners communicated directly with the
1228:, whose main office moved to the Singer Building in 1916. The Safe Deposit Company of New York originally used the vaults. The power source for the building's steam plant was converted from coal to oil in 1921, making the Singer Building the city's first office building to use oil as a fuel.
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In February 1890, the Singer Manufacturing Company acquired the lot at 151–153 Broadway. The next month, they bought the lots at 149 Broadway and 83 Liberty Street, at the northwest corner of the two streets. The three lots had cost the company over $ 950,000 (equivalent to $
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had founded I. M. Singer & Company in 1851. The company, which manufactured sewing equipment, became the Singer Manufacturing Company in 1865. The Singer Manufacturing Company was also involved in real estate during the latter half of the 19th century, Clark commissioning
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Further acquisitions followed in the first decade of the 20th century. In 1900, Bourne bought an iron-front building at 155 and 157 Broadway, with a frontage of about 39.8 feet (12.1 m) on Broadway. The purchase of 163 Broadway, a house with a frontage of only 12.5 feet
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The base had seven elevators: four in the Bourne Building and three in the original Singer Building. Two of the elevators in the base, one each in the Bourne and original Singer buildings, served all floors from the basement to the roof. The other five ran only from the first floor to the
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Flagg, a noted critic of existing skyscrapers, justified taking on the project as a way of generating support for skyscraper reform, by convincing the public that such tall skyscrapers were detrimental because they blocked light from reaching the surrounding streets. As late as 1904, one
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separated the outermost bays from the three center bays, dividing the facade into three vertical sections. The outermost bays were illuminated by small windows. The corners of the tower were made of solid masonry, which concealed the diagonal steel bracing inside. The tower had cast-iron
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Each caisson pier was designed to carry 30,000 pounds per square foot (1,400 kPa). A gridiron of steel girders was placed atop the caisson piers. Because of the design of the tower addition's wind-bracing superstructure, the upward pull on some of the piers was greater than the
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extended upward for two stories, causing the columns and braces to act as wind-resistant cantilevers. The braces on the north and south contained 11 panels each while those on the east and west contained 10 panels. The four columns at the center of the tower supported its dome.
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In the building's first few months, the elevators were involved in at least two deaths; a painter was decapitated on May 4, 1908, while a plumber's assistant was crushed between an elevator cab and a shaft on July 24, 1908. In a publicity stunt in 1911, the aviator
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Immediately outside the entrance, on either side of the lobby, were stairs leading up to a balcony and down to the basement, while the south wall contained stairs to the original Singer Building. The stairs were made of cast iron and wrought iron, and the handrails and
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of the center stories, and the Singer Company's offices on the upper stories. Construction began that year. While workers were excavating the site in June 1897, a water main burst and flooded the lot. Despite this, the new Singer Building was completed in early 1898.
579:. Some 733,000 square feet (68,100 m) of terracotta was used for both the facade and the interior partitions. About five million bricks were used in the entire project, including one million in the tower section. About 1,500 cubic feet (42 m) of North River
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stated in 2016 that the Singer Building was a "transitional building" in skyscraper development. Landau and Condit described the building as "an aesthetic triumph that enriched the city by demonstrating the sculptural possibilities of the steel-framed skyscraper".
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with the hoisting of the flagpole. After the building topped out, the interiors were furnished and plastered. Despite high winds, there were no serious accidents during construction. There was a small fire on the 40th floor in February 1908, which the
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In the Bourne Building, the three existing elevators were removed and replaced with four elevators, necessitating the complete replacement of the framing around the old elevator shafts. A small window replaced the main entrance to the original Singer Building.
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of approximately 75 feet (23 m) on Liberty Street. From 1906 to 1907, the original Singer Building was extended northward and the Bourne Building was extended westward. The original Singer and Bourne buildings were about 200 feet (61 m) tall.
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24 feet (7.3 m) below the sidewalk level. These foundations were strengthened when the tower was added. The total weight of the Singer Building, including the tower addition, was carried by 54 steel columns atop the concrete foundation piers.
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There were also two secondary entrances on Liberty Street—one to the original Singer Building and one to the Bourne Building. Both secondary entrances connected to the main lobby to the north. There was retail space on the ground floor as well.
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Taller buildings continued to be constructed in New York City; by its 50th anniversary in 1958, the Singer Building was only the 16th tallest in the city. Singer announced it would sell the building in 1961, and the company moved to
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these stories, the ceilings were painted ivory, the walls were olive green, and the metal trim was painted to resemble wood grain. The Singer Company's main offices, on the 33rd through 35th floors, had a plethora of ornamental plaster.
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supported the columns at the tower's corners at the fourth floor, while 36 columns rose from the basement into the tower. Four pillars were placed at each corner of the tower and six more pillars were placed in the elevator shafts. Each
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bought the Singer and City Investing buildings. U.S. Steel planned to demolish the entire block to erect a 50- or 54-story headquarters on the same site. Meanwhile, under U.S. Steel's ownership, the Singer Building began to decay.
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with stone. The third story contained a balcony extending along both facades. The four following stories were faced with brick and contained windows with stone surrounds. The seventh story was clad with stone and had a balcony doubling as a
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14th floor. The original Singer Building's elevators were in a single group on the southeastern side of the building, while the Bourne Building's elevators were in two pairs opposite each other. The building's managers hired female
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rear of the lobby which split into two flights connecting to either portion of the balcony. A master clock on the central landing of the rear stairs controlled all the clocks in the building. The lobby was a popular spot for meetings.
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From the basement, a corridor extended east to the safe deposit vaults. There were 10 vaults used by the Safe Deposit Company of New York, within a space of 10,000 square feet (930 m). The vaults each contained several thousand
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and 300,000 square feet (28,000 m) of concrete subflooring. The Singer Building's floors generally used terracotta flat arches 10 inches (250 mm) deep, and many of the internal partitions also used terracotta blocks.
2152:"Already Highest Structure in the World; Yet the Colossal New Singer Building Will Rise One Hundred Feet, Or Eight Stories, Higher When Completed Its Gigantic Steel Tower Will Dwarf City's Famous Skyscrapers to Insignificance"
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29,407,000 in 2023), and at the time were occupied by four- to six-story buildings. The three lots were separate prior to the Singer Company's acquisition but, under their ownership, were combined.
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reading "Singer" at the center. The upper part of the arch had a fanlight with five vertical mullions, below which was a bronze grille measuring 13 feet (4.0 m) wide and 24 feet (7.3 m) tall.
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Fenske, Gail (2005). "The Beaux-Arts Architect and the Skyscraper: Cass Gilbert, the Professional Engineer, and the Rationalization of Construction in Chicago and New York". In Moudry, Roberta (ed.).
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5429:"3,500 Evacuate Singer Building As Power Fails: Short Circuit and Blaze Just Before Noon Puts Out Lights, Halts Elevators Fires in Downtown Skyscraper and a Tenement Keep Firemen on the Move".
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During the construction of the Singer Tower, the original Singer Building was shored up and additional foundations were built. The top three stories of the old Singer Building, including the
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also be expanded so that it would cover the same area as the Bourne Building's lower floors. Plans for the Bourne and Singer extensions were filed in late 1906 and early 1907, respectively.
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of different lengths were embedded in 10 of the caissons, the concrete being poured onto the eyebars. The rods were embedded 50 feet (15 m) into the caisson piers. The system, devised
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and, as such, were treated as square prisms. Inside, there was another structure for the central elevator shafts, which were connected to the corners of the tower via longitudinal beams. A
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in the 1900s had called the Singer Building an "architectural giraffe" and said such a tall building would hinder the ability of fire services to rescue people on the upper floors.
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that level's floor area was 25% that of the ground level's area. After that 25% threshold was reached, the building could rise without restriction. This law was superseded by the
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that the Singer Building had been one of the city's notable structures that "weren't considered worth preserving". Demolition had commenced by September 1967, despite protests by
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4431:"Liberty Street's Future West of Broadway; Influence of Cortlandt Street Tunnel and Other Improvements—Significance of a Recent Lease—Transfers Showing Present Scale of Values"
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The Singer Building contained a vacuum steam system, although the ground-floor lobby and the basement vaults were heated by an indirect-steam system. Heating came from steel
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4113:"In the Real Estate Field; 155 and 157 Broadway Bought by Singer Manufacturing Company. Property Adjoins Present Singer Building—Other Dealings by Brokers and at Auction"
733:. The use of iron balconies, as well as the large amount of glass in the facade, was inspired by the design of the Little Singer Building at 561 Broadway, built in 1904.
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while the walls were light tan. In addition, these stories contained oak trim, partitions, and decorative moldings. The average story at the base contained 40 offices.
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The 2nd through 13th floors contained offices flanking a T-shaped corridor facing away from the elevators. The ceilings of these story were generally painted in white
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above the sixth-floor windows. The 11th and 12th floors of the modified base consisted of two rows of small windows, with the 11th-floor windows spaced between
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architectural magazine wrote that "ten stories were his limit". According to Flagg, buildings over 100 feet (30 m) tall, or 10 to 15 stories, needed to have a
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After the 1906–1907 modifications, the main entrance faced Broadway on the eastern facade. This main entrance had a three-story-tall semicircular arch. A two-story
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in height, the Singer Building remained the tallest in the world for a year after its tower's completion. The record was surpassed by the 700-foot (210 m)
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The interior view of the lobby mezzanine, September 1967. By this time, demolition had already commenced; masonry debris can be seen on the floor in this photo.
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1336:. The Singer Building remained the tallest building to be destroyed by its owners until 2019, when workers started demolishing the 707-foot-tall (215 m)
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Although the Singer Tower was the world's tallest building, it was not the tallest structure, nor was the Metropolitan Life Tower upon its completion. The
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nicknamed "Suicide Pinnacle", and its deck was closed by the 1930s. From the observation deck, a series of steep ladders and stairs led to the lantern.
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1267:. According to property records, Iacovone Rose bought the Singer Building and immediately sold it to Financial Place Inc. Real estate developer
591:
for the brick; Martin P. Lodge for the bluestone; J. J. Spurr & Sons for the limestone; and New Jersey Terra Cotta for the terracotta.
516:
prepared plans and working drawings. An architectural office with an engineering department led by Otto F. Semsch, and mechanical equipment engineer
4808:
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result, the builders were ordered to replace some non-compliant arches. By August 1907, the steel frame had reached 36 stories, surpassing the
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initially supported the original Singer Building at 149 Broadway, while the Bourne Building annex at 85–89 Liberty Street had an internal
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observed in March 1968 that the lobby looked like "a bomb had hit it". The last piece of scrap had been carted away in early 1969, when the
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The 41-story tower above the northwest corner of the base was square in plan, with floor dimensions of 65 by 65 feet (20 by 20 m). When the
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1085:. Frederick Bourne, who had become the Singer Company's president in 1889, oversaw the firm's expansion into European markets during that time.
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4702:
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2012:
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1483:, which allowed skyscrapers to have a slab-like shape and additional floor area in exchange for the inclusion of ground-level open spaces.
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The highest publicly accessible point in the Singer Building was 564 feet (172 m) above the curb, at the lantern balcony. When the
486:
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supported the mansard roof of the base, excluding the tower. Milliken Brothers Inc. was the structural steel supplier for the project.
546:
Broadway and 110 feet (34 m) on Liberty Street. The Bourne Building, on the southwestern portion, was 58 feet deep and had a
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635:, while the facade on the eighth story was made of brick. The original top stories comprised a decorative copper-and-slate roof with
438:
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The original Singer Building was faced with stone and brick. When it was built, the plans called for the lowest two stories to be
8149:
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and stone chimneys. The main entrance was on Liberty Street and had sculptures and ornament. The Bourne Building was faced with
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7601:
5587:"U.S. Steel To Erect a 54-Story Skyscraper Here; Lower Broadway Project Is Hailed by City as 'Great Planning Achievement'"
1280:
449:, which had several times more office space than the Singer Tower. At the time of its destruction, the Singer Building was the
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wrote in 1957 that the Singer Building was a "very coherent, virile piece of design". Just before the building's demolition,
1114:
were long-term tenants, occupying the Singer Building for more than forty years from the beginning of the 20th century.
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For decorative elements, 101 short tons (90 long tons; 92 t) of sheet copper was used. Whale Creek Iron Works provided
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magazine and other preservationists, who suggested incorporating the lobby into the U.S. Steel Building. A writer for
7974:
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5947:
4279:"New Trust Company Formed; Ex-Controller Fitch to Be Its President—Its Capital of $ 2,500,000 Oversubscribed Three Times"
4393:"In the Real Estate Field; Singer Manufacturing Company Buys 93 Liberty Street—Other Dealings by Brokers and at Auction"
610:
provided the ornamental bronze. There were 85,203 square feet (7,915.6 m) of glass in the entire building, about 10
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5331:"$ 250,000,000 Moved as Police Line Path; Armed Autos Also Guard Transfer of Treasure to New Bank in Singer Building"
2919:
1443:
The "Singer Tower" name generally referred only to the Singer Building's tower, which covered a small portion of the
889:
1384:
said in 2005 that the Singer Building's tower resembled "a bulbous mansard and giant lantern". Architectural writer
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and other New York City residential buildings in the 1880s. By the following decade, at the behest of Clark's son
700:
each floor. The faces of the tower were made of dark red brick, except for decorative elements such as trimmings,
8159:
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8054:
7891:
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4725:"Prince Sees City From a High Point; Wilhelm, Taken to Twenty-Ninth Floor of Singer Building, Is Much Impressed"
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4355:"In the Real Estate Field; Subway Company Buys More Park Avenue Houses—No. 163 Broadway Sold to Singer Company"
969:
engineer's office, electrician's room, and waste paper room. A compressor room was at the northeastern corner.
538:
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of Sweden visited the 29th floor to see the construction process. On October 4, 1907, the building
470:
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5392:"Singer Building Darkened by Fire; One Man Burned, 8 Rescued From Stalled Elevators—Smoke Disrupts Business"
418:
initially supported the original structure before modification. When completed, the 41-story building had a
8104:
7994:
137:
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4992:"Commercial Real Estate: A Tower's Big-Time Restoration; MetLife's Immense Clock Gets a Detailed Overhaul"
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6237:
American Building: Materials and Techniques from the Beginning of the Colonial Settlements to the Present
3727:
1456:
The building's chief engineer cites 30 caissons, but the number of caissons is also cited as thirty-four.
4537:"Dollars-And-Cents Side of Forty-Story Tower; Gigantic Structure to Be Built Primarily as a Money-Maker"
1283:
nearby in the mid-1960s caused real-estate values in Lower Manhattan to increase dramatically. In 1964,
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supporting a 12th-floor iron balcony. The top two stories contained dormer windows projecting from the
663:
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designed in multiple phases from 1897 to 1908. The building's architecture contained elements of the
6850:
1864:
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said, "The master never produced a more impressive ruin than the Singer Building under demolition."
847:. The caissons were used to extract the underlying soil, then filled with concrete to create piers.
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6002:"270 Park Avenue, A Quintessential Modernist Skyscraper, Is Being Slowly Destroyed By Chase Bank"
5548:"Siteon Broadway Goes to U.S. Steel; Webb & Knapp Sells 2 Blocks Stock Exchange Spurned"
4830:"Highest Fire in World: Blaze on Fortieth Floor of Singer Building Is Quickly Put Out, However".
3357:
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were expanded to form the 14-story base of the Singer Tower, which rose another 27 stories. The
8378:
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7954:
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5172:"Singer Company in Control; Safe Deposit Company of New York to Have Vaults in Singer Building"
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1366:
1360:
Diagram of the world's tallest buildings from 1908 to 1974; the Singer Building is at far left.
1337:
1205:
672:
62:
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The original Singer Building formed part of the base of the completed building. September 1967
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7901:
7856:
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6319:
5701:"Landmark on Lower Broadway to Go; End Near for Singer Building, A Forerunner of Skyscrapers"
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on its lowest two stories and red brick above. The base had ironwork ornamentation in their
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6885:
6113:
4908:"Slicing a Skyscraper; Top of the Singer Building to Be Cut Off for a Three-Story Addition"
4697:
4499:"Changes in Singer Tower; New Plans Filed by the Architect Will Make the Building Stronger"
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1325:
1264:
1078:
466:
355:
118:
6555:
New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial
4763:"In Highest New York; Young Steeple Jack to Put Copper Ball on the Singer Tower Flagstaff"
1081:, the Singer Company was instead working with Ernest Flagg, then a recent graduate of the
691:
426:
entrance lobby, 16 elevators, 410,000 square feet (38,000 m) of office space, and an
8:
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1857:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Jamaica Chamber of Commerce Building"
1398:
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1111:
1034:
Aerial view of Lower Manhattan in 1919 looking east; the Singer Tower is at center right.
713:
607:
6505:
A History of the Singer Building Construction, Its Progress From Foundation to Flag Pole
5270:"$ 8,500,000 Deal On for the Singer Building, With 41-Story Tower, Once World's Tallest"
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The internal structure also used 4,520 short tons (4,040 long tons; 4,100 t) of
758:
640:
564:
513:
446:
415:
339:
5134:"Big Bank Will Move; The Chatham and Phenix to Take Quarters in the Singer Building"
1469:, which was 1,063 feet (324 m) tall, superseded both buildings in this respect.
7616:
7611:
7342:
7322:
7200:
7118:
5897:"The Beautiful Landmarks You Won't Believe Were Torn Down – and What Replaced Them"
2260:
1235:
997:
974:
921:
427:
130:
1783:
772:
410:; the building's base rested on shallower foundations. The Singer Building used a
8167:
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852:
806:
587:, mainly above the 33rd floor. The contractors for these materials included
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3690:"Streetscapes/Readers' Questions; Lamartine Place, And Women Running Elevators"
1249:
1213:
1010:
680:
615:
4589:
4037:
1348:, which claimed that the skyscraper was evidence of a long-lost civilization.
1224:
flew around the Singer Building. The expanded building's tenants included the
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7250:
7013:
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6331:
6244:
6177:
5971:"NYC Is Home to 23 of the World's Tallest Intentionally Demolished Buildings"
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1344:. In the 21st century, the Singer Building became a subject of the unfounded
782:
712:, which were made of North River bluestone. On each side, vertical limestone
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37:
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7128:
7113:
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7098:
7088:
7078:
7073:
7008:
6998:
6657:
6544:
6525:
Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Gregory; Massengale, John Montague (1983).
6373:
6151:
6139:
1466:
1221:
1176:
1061:
1051:
676:
618:
throughout the building, including eight arches atop the tower's exterior.
603:
588:
559:
490:
423:
399:
371:
370:, leader of the Singer Company, commissioned the building, which architect
295:
6512:
3675:
3594:
3101:
2995:
2751:
2337:
1984:
1275:(NYSE) to move there. The plans failed after the NYSE opted to expand its
1163:
described at the time as "the highest fire in any building in the world".
662:
As a result of the modifications, the first three stories were faced with
8119:
8014:
7551:
7536:
7511:
7491:
7103:
6963:
6953:
6948:
6553:
5755:"'Saving Place' Exhibition Celebrates New York Landmarks, Saved and Lost"
3936:"The Real Estate Field; Some Encouraging Signs in the Course of Business"
1055:
944:
835:
762:
737:
709:
411:
1243:
photo of New York City in 1938, with the Singer Building in the distance
485:
was nearly rectangular, though slightly skewed due to the layout of the
6933:
6928:
6766:
1397:
wrote that the building was "distinguished for more than mere height".
1385:
1153:
1074:
986:
679:. The sloped portions of the roof were clad with slate shingles, while
651:
517:
6683:
Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago
433:
With a roof height of 612 feet (187 m), the Singer Tower was the
7526:
7469:
7063:
6893:
6889:
6880:
6006:
1240:
1136:
1135:
Before the foundations were built, the builders drilled several test
882:
823:
655:
584:
580:
343:
122:
1861:
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
822:
extended as deep as 92 feet (28 m), above which were layers of
5626:"Architecture View; A Commission That Has Itself Become a Landmark"
5483:"Singer Rents Six Floors In Center: Firm Will Move There in 1962".
1444:
936:
912:
860:
831:
668:
547:
482:
442:
8244:
6318:
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3211:
2566:
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2313:
1961:
1693:
1541:
594:
533:
6725:
6374:
Kayden, Jerold S.; The Municipal Art Society of New York (2000).
6330:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3905:. Vol. 45, no. 1148. March 15, 1890. pp. 367–368.
1741:"Streetscapes: Once the Tallest Building, But Since 1967 a Ghost"
856:
827:
819:
799:
730:
718:
644:
632:
6527:
New York 1900: Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism, 1890–1915
3646:. Vol. 80, no. 2063. September 28, 1907. p. 475.
1317:
observed: "The Singer fell victim to a malady called progress."
1247:
The Singer Company made relatively few changes to the building;
924:
and had 42 short tons (38 long tons; 38 t) of bronze work.
6708:
5452:"Singer Building, Once Highest In World, Marks 50th Birthday".
4151:"Real Estate; Valuable Downtown Building Sacrificed at Auction"
3136:. Vol. 78, no. 2017. November 10, 1906. p. 766.
940:
786:
766:
636:
537:
The Singer Building seen from Broadway, looking north from the
419:
387:
7303:
6608:"Steel Details in the Upper Part of the Singer Building Tower"
5834:
Leahy, Jack (March 2, 1969). "They're Tearing New York Down".
5307:"$ 8,500,000 Deal Is Under Way For 41-Story Singer Building".
4863:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
4077:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
4005:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
3903:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
3737:. Vol. 86, no. 2185. January 29, 1910. p. 216.
3735:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
3644:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
3355:"New Copper Trimmings Fitted On Dome of the Singer Building".
3134:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
2964:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
2522:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
2443:. Vol. 62, no. 1603. December 3, 1898. p. 828.
2441:
The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide
583:
was also used, as was 4,280,000 pounds (1,940,000 kg) of
7161:
6552:
Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995).
3820:
952:
791:
6905:
6644:"The Foundations of the Singer Building Extension, New York"
6596:"Methods Used in Underpinning the Singer Building, New York"
6304:. Routledge Research in Architecture. Taylor & Francis.
4865:. Vol. 75, no. 1830. March 11, 1905. p. 522.
4007:. Vol. 65, no. 1676. April 28, 1900. p. 725.
3127:"How the New Singer Building Is to Be Anchored to the Earth"
2966:. Vol. 79, no. 2041. April 27, 1907. p. 824.
7467:
5731:
4079:. Vol. 61, no. 1569. April 9, 1898. p. 642.
2524:. Vol. 79, no. 2050. June 29, 1907. p. 824.
1058:
term this "the first great age" of skyscraper development.
726:
575:
The facade was made of red brick, light-colored stone, and
555:
395:
6377:
Privately Owned Public Space: The New York City Experience
6066:"Inside the 'Tartarian Empire,' the QAnon of Architecture"
1404:
Not all critics appraised the Singer Building positively.
6520:. Vol. 40, no. 10. July 1908. pp. 429–444.
6324:. Vol. 7. Historic American Buildings Survey. 1969.
1038:
During the late 19th century, New York City trailed
614:
percent of which was interior glass. There was extensive
6524:
6219:
5378:
5240:"Any One Want Real Skyscraper? Singer Tower Is For Sale"
2052:
1818:
567:
of 7:1, setting a record at the time of its completion.
6152:
Kayden & The Municipal Art Society of New York 2000
6140:
Kayden & The Municipal Art Society of New York 2000
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2070:"Once Tallest Standing, Then the Tallest to Come Down"
6620:"Structural Details of the Singer Building, New York"
6196:
920:
The lobby, accessed from Broadway, was finished with
6656:
4971:
4608:– via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
4058:– via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
3832:
2218:
1830:
1648:"The Life and Death of The World's Tallest Building"
1271:
acquired the building and attempted to convince the
867:
The original portions of the building were built on
451:
tallest building ever to be demolished by its owners
6666:(5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
6650:. Vol. 55. February 2, 1907. pp. 116–118.
6551:
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2212:
1995:
1993:
1712:
461:The Singer Building was at the northwest corner of
6580:
6400:
4894:
3853:"Style Standard for Early Steel-Framed Skyscraper"
3516:
3514:
3048:
2879:
2862:
2823:
2806:
2719:
2707:
1897:"End of Skyscraper: Daring in '08, Obscure in '68"
5210:"Singer Building to Use Oil Instead of Coal Fuel"
4317:"Rent 4 Floors to Expand Singer Building Offices"
3760:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2858:
2856:
2189:
2187:
2185:
1934:
1932:
1930:
8434:Demolished buildings and structures in Manhattan
8395:
6602:. Vol. 55. March 2, 1907. pp. 275–276.
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2678:
2355:
1990:
1836:
504:The structure was designed with elements of the
437:from 1908 to 1909, when it was surpassed by the
6729:. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016.
6626:. Vol. 55. May 18, 1907. pp. 599–602.
6614:. Vol. 55. May 25, 1907. pp. 630–632.
6057:
5694:
5692:
5542:
5540:
5507:"Singer to Move Uptown, Sell Broadway Building"
4107:
4105:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3511:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3316:
3314:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3176:
3174:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
2902:
2900:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2730:
2728:
2577:
2575:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2285:
2283:
2105:
2103:
1791:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
1293:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
6638:. Vol. 55. May 4, 1907. pp. 542–543.
5665:"Bob's New Law Last Chance for City Landmarks"
3973:
3971:
3969:
3001:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2853:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2428:
2426:
2387:
2385:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2182:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2063:
2061:
1927:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1088:
798:The superstructure was erected using two boom
8230:
6866:
6632:"The Anchorages of the Singer Building Tower"
6321:Historic American Buildings Survey Selections
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
4612:
4567:
3612:
3549:
3547:
3484:
3415:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3097:
3095:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2675:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2490:
2488:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1537:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1320:The U.S. Steel Building (later known as
1198:
6398:
6359:. Vol. Durable Goods. St. James Press.
5689:
5537:
5476:
4102:
3983:
3883:
3814:
3606:
3553:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3396:
3373:
3343:
3311:
3229:
3171:
3073:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3021:
2928:. Vol. 65. June 22, 1911. p. 765.
2897:
2891:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2835:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2769:
2725:
2703:
2701:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2572:
2466:
2280:
2100:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1645:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
8429:Buildings and structures demolished in 1968
8261:Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church
6989:111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty)
6254:The American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories
3966:
2944:
2500:
2423:
2382:
2241:
2127:
2058:
2009:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
1879:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1630:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
943:. At the tops of the piers were decorative
321:Charles G. Armstrong (mechanical engineers)
8414:1968 disestablishments in New York (state)
8237:
8223:
6873:
6859:
6660:; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010).
6403:Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913
5623:
5361:
5068:"Singer Building Elevator Kills a Workman"
3544:
3186:
3092:
2740:
2547:
2485:
2199:
1967:
1944:
1718:
1547:
1497:
1326:September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
441:. The base occupied the building's entire
6805:Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
6352:
6032:
3826:
3434:
3035:
3018:
2868:
2812:
2698:
2656:
2644:
2627:
2606:
2587:
2027:
1771:
1672:
1514:
1210:Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
521:suppliers responsible for each contract.
439:Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
346:, New York City. The headquarters of the
73:Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
8469:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan
8419:Beaux-Arts architecture in New York City
5968:
1854:
1699:
1593:
1420:History of the world's tallest buildings
1355:
1234:
1181:
1029:
911:
888:The Singer Building took water from the
771:
690:
593:
532:
16:Former skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
6494:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
6444:
6399:Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996).
6297:
6106:
6063:
5749:
4977:
3978:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
3838:
3676:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
3595:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
3212:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
3102:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
2996:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
2752:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
2567:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
2495:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
2338:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
2314:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
1985:Architects' and Builders' Magazine 1908
1962:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
1694:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
1542:Historic American Buildings Survey 1969
1472:
776:Typical floor plan in the tower section
654:was beneath the arch, with an engraved
8396:
6680:
6501:
6486:
6251:
6234:
6094:
6076:from the original on February 23, 2022
5662:
5566:from the original on February 28, 2022
5525:from the original on February 14, 2022
5410:from the original on February 28, 2022
5288:from the original on February 28, 2022
5250:from the original on February 28, 2022
5220:from the original on February 28, 2022
4989:
4872:from the original on November 28, 2020
4811:from the original on February 28, 2022
4641:
4629:
4576:
4086:from the original on November 28, 2020
4014:from the original on November 28, 2020
3912:from the original on November 28, 2020
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3744:from the original on November 28, 2020
3653:from the original on November 28, 2020
3623:
3570:"Up 41-Story Skyscraper in 60 Seconds"
3505:
3493:
3478:
3463:
3428:
3409:
3390:
3337:
3320:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3254:
3242:
3223:
3180:
3165:
3143:from the original on November 28, 2020
3113:
3086:
3067:
3012:
2973:from the original on November 28, 2020
2932:from the original on February 28, 2022
2906:
2847:
2794:
2782:
2763:
2734:
2692:
2581:
2531:from the original on November 28, 2020
2479:
2450:from the original on November 28, 2020
2411:from the original on February 28, 2022
2376:
2364:
2349:
2325:
2301:
2289:
2268:from the original on February 28, 2022
2193:
2121:
2109:
1938:
1915:from the original on February 28, 2022
1819:Stern, Gilmartin & Massengale 1983
1800:from the original on February 24, 2021
1759:from the original on February 28, 2022
1508:
1281:construction of the World Trade Center
748:
54:Tallest in the world from 1908 to 1909
8218:
7933:
7743:
7665:
7466:
7302:
7160:
7124:457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse)
6904:
6854:
6814:Tallest building in the United States
6489:"A Building Forty-Seven Stories High"
6184:from the original on December 3, 2019
6163:
6045:from the original on October 26, 2021
5981:from the original on October 11, 2020
5950:from the original on December 8, 2012
5935:
5917:from the original on December 5, 2020
5877:from the original on October 19, 2018
5857:Gray, Christopher (August 29, 2013).
5833:
5773:from the original on January 26, 2021
5698:
5584:
5349:from the original on October 29, 2021
5309:The New York Herald, New York Tribune
2088:from the original on January 13, 2021
2067:
1894:
1126:
8409:1908 establishments in New York City
8404:1899 establishments in New York City
7666:
6497:. Vol. XIV. pp. 9459–9461.
6465:
6033:Hatherley, Owen (October 21, 2021).
5856:
5699:Fried, Joseph P. (August 22, 1967).
5605:from the original on October 8, 2020
5152:from the original on August 11, 2020
4990:Dunlap, David W. (August 22, 2001).
4131:from the original on October 7, 2019
3850:
3687:
2957:"Anchorage of Singer Building Tower"
1842:
1735:
1646:O'Connor, William (April 30, 2016).
1561:"The Hemming In of the Singer Tower"
1559:Gray, Christopher (March 29, 2012).
1558:
453:, a distinction it held until 2019.
350:, was at the northwestern corner of
318:Boller & Hodge (steel engineers)
7744:
7487:Trump International Hotel and Tower
6487:Ripley, Charles M. (October 1907).
6301:A History of Architecture and Trade
6121:from the original on April 20, 2022
5999:
5938:"How Do You Demolish a Skyscraper?"
5803:from the original on April 20, 2022
5799:. September 15, 1967. p. 609.
5719:from the original on April 20, 2022
5677:from the original on April 20, 2022
5663:Hanson, Kitty (December 11, 1964).
5624:Goldberger, Paul (April 15, 1990).
5190:from the original on March 17, 2021
5114:from the original on March 17, 2021
5080:from the original on March 17, 2021
5048:from the original on March 17, 2021
4926:from the original on March 17, 2021
4781:from the original on April 29, 2021
4743:from the original on March 17, 2021
4705:from the original on March 17, 2021
4673:from the original on March 17, 2021
4600:from the original on March 17, 2021
4555:from the original on March 17, 2021
4517:from the original on March 17, 2021
4479:from the original on March 17, 2021
4449:from the original on March 17, 2021
4411:from the original on March 17, 2021
4373:from the original on March 17, 2021
4335:from the original on March 17, 2021
4297:from the original on March 17, 2021
4259:from the original on March 17, 2021
4229:from the original on March 17, 2021
4199:from the original on March 17, 2021
4161:from the original on March 17, 2021
4050:from the original on March 17, 2021
3954:from the original on March 17, 2021
3851:Gray, Christopher (June 29, 1997).
3532:from the original on March 17, 2021
2170:from the original on March 11, 2018
1895:Fried, Joseph P. (March 27, 1968).
13:
8464:Office buildings completed in 1908
8459:Office buildings completed in 1899
8250:tallest buildings in New York City
6518:Architects' and Builders' Magazine
6440:. Vol. 127. July–August 1967.
6166:"The Romance of the Wrecking Ball"
6000:Kim, Elizabeth (January 8, 2020).
5644:from the original on March 2, 2020
5585:Fried, Joseph P. (April 5, 1968).
5104:Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal
5010:from the original on April 6, 2020
4225:. September 28, 1899. p. 11.
3871:from the original on March 9, 2021
3688:Gray, Christopher (June 7, 1998).
3637:"Elevators in the Singer Building"
2015:from the original on June 12, 2020
1831:White, Willensky & Leadon 2010
1784:"Charles Scribner's Sons Building"
855:these piers carried. As a result,
14:
8485:
8454:Headquarters in the United States
8289:Manhattan Life Insurance Building
7882:Eighth Street–New York University
6837:Tallest building in New York City
6701:
6685:. Princeton Architectural Press.
6203:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995
5738:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995
5487:. November 17, 1961. p. 38.
4836:. February 18, 1908. p. I1.
4475:. February 24, 1906. p. 12.
4181:"Addition to the Singer Building"
4070:"Thirty Years of Office Building"
3708:from the original on May 27, 2015
3361:. November 14, 1939. p. 20.
2236:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995
1855:Gobrecht, Larry E. (April 1983).
1581:from the original on June 2, 2019
1166:
890:New York City water supply system
753:
406:of the tower was excavated using
8449:Former world's tallest buildings
7965:64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance)
7762:116th Street–Columbia University
6707:
6325:
6164:Byles, Jeff (January 22, 2006).
6157:
6145:
6133:
6100:
6088:
6064:Mortice, Zach (April 27, 2021).
6026:
5993:
5969:Warerkar, Tanay (May 14, 2018).
5962:
5929:
5889:
5850:
5827:
5815:
5785:
5743:
5656:
5617:
5578:
5499:
5445:
5422:
5384:
5323:
5300:
5262:
5232:
5202:
5164:
5126:
5092:
5060:
5022:
4983:
4938:
4900:
4888:
4848:
4823:
4793:
4755:
4717:
4685:
4647:
4635:
4582:
4529:
4491:
4461:
4423:
4385:
4347:
4309:
4271:
4255:. December 10, 1898. p. 1.
4241:
4211:
4173:
4157:. December 9, 1897. p. 10.
4143:
4062:
4030:
3928:
3844:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3720:
3681:
3669:
3629:
3600:
3588:
1459:
1226:Chatham and Phenix National Bank
36:
21:Singer Building (disambiguation)
8115:1411 (Metropolitan Opera House)
7912:Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street
7597:3333 (Riverside Park Community)
6514:"The Singer Building, New York"
6356:Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands
6353:Jorgensen, Janice, ed. (1994).
6239:. University of Chicago Press.
6230:. Vol. 48. September 1967.
6221:"As Ye Sew, So Shall They Reap"
5936:Kelly, Jon (December 6, 2012).
5859:"Twins, Except Architecturally"
4801:"Gotham's Tallest Flagpole Set"
4596:. August 19, 1906. p. 13.
3499:
3457:
3299:
3287:
3275:
3248:
3217:
3159:
3119:
3107:
2989:
2912:
2885:
2841:
2829:
2800:
2788:
2757:
2713:
2399:. January 10, 1897. p. 7.
2370:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2115:
1848:
1824:
1812:
1450:
980:
456:
8010:222 (Barnum's American Museum)
7867:Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
6298:Haughey, Patrick, ed. (2018).
5456:. April 13, 1958. p. R1.
5433:. April 22, 1949. p. 22.
4807:. October 6, 1907. p. 9.
4701:. August 27, 1907. p. 4.
2068:Hiler, Katie (June 17, 2013).
1437:
864:caissons would go to hardpan.
839:Company excavated the tower's
390:was made of brick, stone, and
1:
8439:Financial District, Manhattan
8264:
8185:1865 (Museum of Biblical Art)
7557:2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop)
7468:Buildings (Columbus Circle –
7400:1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner)
7271:1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank)
6791:Tallest building in the world
6502:Semsch, Otto Francis (1908).
6431:"Landmarks: Too Good to Last"
6117:. Vol. 15. p. 279.
6107:Desmond, H. W. (March 1904).
6041:. Vol. 43, no. 20.
5379:Progressive Architecture 1967
5311:. April 14, 1925. p. 1.
5246:. July 24, 1921. p. 31.
5216:. July 24, 1921. p. 30.
3522:"Singer Tower Open to Public"
2264:. June 28, 1908. p. 22.
2053:Progressive Architecture 1967
1793:. March 23, 1982. p. 4.
1425:
1257:
813:
435:tallest building in the world
338:) was an office building and
8110:1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre)
7395:1634 (Winter Garden Theatre)
7162:Buildings (Houston Street –
6721:"Emporis building ID 102519"
6714:149 Broadway Singer Building
6469:A History of Interior Design
6293:. Vol. 106. April 1957.
5100:"Atwood's Remarkable Flight"
5076:. July 24, 1908. p. 4.
4661:. May 16, 1907. p. 11.
4187:. June 2, 1898. p. 10.
3728:"The Metropolitan Elevators"
3576:. March 24, 1907. p. 27
3528:. June 24, 1908. p. 6.
2256:"Buildings as Big as a Town"
1490:
1117:
1004:
935:either the Singer Company's
499:Singer Manufacturing Company
348:Singer Manufacturing Company
306:Singer Manufacturing Company
181:; 127 years ago
7:
8100:1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre)
8065:728 (Church of the Messiah)
7827:59th Street–Columbus Circle
7639:4967 (Good Shepherd Church)
7435:1764 (224 West 57th Street)
5846:– via newspapers.com.
5811:– via newspapers.com.
5685:– via newspapers.com.
5258:– via newspapers.com.
5228:– via newspapers.com.
5088:– via newspapers.com.
5056:– via newspapers.com.
4967:– via newspapers.com.
4819:– via newspapers.com.
4713:– via newspapers.com.
4681:– via newspapers.com.
4487:– via newspapers.com.
4267:– via newspapers.com.
4237:– via newspapers.com.
4207:– via newspapers.com.
4169:– via newspapers.com.
4046:. June 4, 1897. p. 1.
3584:– via newspapers.com.
3540:– via newspapers.com.
2434:"Office Buildings Underway"
2419:– via newspapers.com.
2276:– via newspapers.com.
1413:
1089:Original building and annex
963:
875:
224:; 55 years ago
10:
8490:
8200:St. Teresa of Avila Church
8040:Church of the Divine Unity
7934:
7832:66th Street–Lincoln Center
7607:3939 (Children's Hospital)
7415:1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre)
7304:Buildings (Times Square –
7286:1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel)
7104:346 (Former New York Life)
6939:11 (Bowling Green Offices)
6663:AIA Guide to New York City
6448:Scotland's Lost Industries
6344:: CS1 maint: postscript (
6258:Cambridge University Press
6212:
5036:. May 4, 1908. p. 2.
5030:"Head Cut Off by Elevator"
4952:. May 6, 1908. p. 9.
4655:"Pick Flaws in Skyscraper"
4590:"Huge Structure Under Way"
1346:Tartaria conspiracy theory
1212:, at 24th Street and
1199:Completion and further use
1025:
725:, as well as wrought-iron
683:covered the flat portion.
510:French Second Empire style
18:
8256:
8155:Jack Dempsey's Restaurant
8105:1372 (Fair Waist Company)
8090:1115 (Legnam Corporation)
8070:728 (New Theatre Comique)
8060:673 (Grand Central Hotel)
7945:New York Produce Exchange
7940:
7929:
7817:34th Street–Herald Square
7772:137th Street–City College
7752:
7739:
7672:
7661:
7477:
7462:
7440:1780 (Central Park Tower)
7430:1745 (Random House Tower)
7385:1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel)
7313:
7298:
7171:
7156:
6919:
6900:
6834:
6826:
6811:
6801:
6788:
6780:
6775:
6739:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6445:Meighan, Michael (2012).
6407:. Yale University Press.
2393:"The New Singer Building"
1351:
1186:Singer Building with the
1071:Henry Janeway Hardenbergh
939:or a needle, thread, and
570:
311:
301:
291:
286:
278:
270:
265:
257:
249:
241:
236:
218:
210:
193:
175:
136:
113:
99:
91:
83:
78:
68:
58:
53:
48:
44:
35:
30:
8474:Trust Company of America
8045:507 (St. Nicholas Hotel)
7907:Times Square–42nd Street
7897:Marble Hill–225th Street
7644:5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch)
7582:2880 (Goddard Institute)
7532:2175 (Hotel Belleclaire)
7445:1790 (5 Columbus Circle)
6235:Condit, Carl W. (1968).
6228:Progressive Architecture
5822:Architectural Forum 1967
4693:"Highest of Skyscrapers"
4594:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
4043:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
3896:"Real Estate Department"
3815:Landau & Condit 1996
3607:Landau & Condit 1996
3554:Landau & Condit 1996
3452:Landau & Condit 1996
3030:Landau & Condit 1996
2892:Landau & Condit 1996
2836:Landau & Condit 1996
2670:Landau & Condit 1996
2651:Architectural Forum 1957
2639:Architectural Forum 1957
2622:Landau & Condit 1996
2601:Landau & Condit 1996
2213:Architectural Forum 1967
1713:Architectural Forum 1957
1625:Landau & Condit 1996
1430:
1108:Trust Company of America
1048:American Surety Building
907:
818:The underlying layer of
686:
368:Frederick Gilbert Bourne
253:612 ft (187 m)
245:674 ft (205 m)
8316:Metropolitan Life Tower
8280:New York World Building
8195:4260 (Coliseum Theatre)
7410:1681 (Broadway Theatre)
7349:1535 (Marriott Marquis)
7323:1475 (One Times Square)
7246:1260 (Martinique Hotel)
7084:290 (Ted Weiss Federal)
7069:277 (Broadway–Chambers)
7032:Trinity Church Cemetery
7004:165 (One Liberty Plaza)
6451:. Amberley Publishing.
5485:New York Herald Tribune
5431:New York Herald Tribune
4895:Engineering Record 1907
4038:"An Excavation Flooded"
3358:New York Herald Tribune
3049:Engineering Record 1907
2925:Engineering News-Record
2920:"Why Steel Is Imported"
2880:Engineering Record 1907
2863:Engineering Record 1907
2824:Engineering Record 1907
2807:Engineering Record 1907
2720:Engineering Record 1907
2708:Engineering Record 1907
1273:New York Stock Exchange
1148:'s height. That month,
1110:. Boiler manufacturers
902:City Investing Building
695:Singer Building in 1910
621:
528:
479:City Investing Building
287:Design and construction
8379:One World Trade Center
8160:1645 (Capitol Theatre)
8140:1567 (Central Theatre)
8080:1101 (Albemarle Hotel)
8075:881 (Arnold Constable)
7592:3009 (Barnard College)
7450:240 Central Park South
7405:1633 (Paramount Plaza)
7364:1560 (Embassy Theatre)
7201:828 (Strand Bookstore)
7129:462 (Mills & Gibb)
7119:395 (Pearl River Mart)
6784:Philadelphia City Hall
6681:Willis, Carol (1995).
6466:Pile, John F. (2005).
6284:"Forgotten Pioneering"
6039:London Review of Books
5073:New York Evening World
4856:"Estimates Receivable"
3942:. September 15, 1895.
2515:"Slicing a Skyscraper"
1481:1961 Zoning Resolution
1372:1916 Zoning Resolution
1361:
1279:instead. Even so, the
1244:
1206:Philadelphia City Hall
1191:
1042:in the development of
1035:
917:
777:
696:
599:
542:
402:capped the tower. The
203:1899 (Bourne Building)
200:1898 (Singer Building)
63:Philadelphia City Hall
8370:Empire State Building
8352:Empire State Building
8145:1579 (Strand Theatre)
8130:1500 (Hotel Claridge)
8125:1481 (Rialto Theatre)
8085:1107 (McCrory Stores)
8055:663 (Canterbury Hall)
8030:472 (Mechanics' Hall)
7649:5141 (Allen Hospital)
7517:2124 (Beacon Theatre)
7380:1585 (Morgan Stanley)
7369:1564 (Palace Theatre)
7318:1472 (4 Times Square)
7276:Holy Innocents Church
7134:488 (E. V. Haughwout)
6984:100 (American Surety)
6964:65 (American Express)
6590:. Vol. 55. 1907.
5740:, pp. 1126–1127.
5513:. November 16, 1961.
5140:. December 23, 1916.
5110:. 1911. p. 290.
4946:"Skyscraper Men Dine"
4323:. December 18, 1939.
2005:The Skyscraper Center
1380:architectural critic
1359:
1277:existing headquarters
1238:
1185:
1033:
930:architectural writer
915:
832:rocks, clay, and soil
775:
694:
647:and window railings.
597:
565:height-to-width ratio
536:
512:. American architect
160:40.70972°N 74.01083°W
8424:Broadway (Manhattan)
8190:1981 (Dauphin Hotel)
8135:1537 (Astor Theatre)
7985:165 (City Investing)
7975:120 (Equitable Life)
7970:113–119 (City Hotel)
7634:4881 (Dyckman House)
7629:4140 (United Palace)
7577:2626 (Metro Theater)
7542:First Baptist Church
7482:Deutsche Bank Center
7251:1300 (Hotel McAlpin)
7094:305 (Mutual Reserve)
7049:253, 256 (Home Life)
7039:Transportation (225)
6999:140 (Marine Midland)
6716:at Wikimedia Commons
6114:Architectural Record
6109:"A Rational Desmond"
6035:"Amerikanist Dreams"
5905:. October 17, 2018.
5793:"Singer's Swan Song"
4698:Buffalo Evening News
4253:The Brooklyn Citizen
3998:"Gossip of the Week"
3817:, pp. 298, 395.
1338:270 Park Avenue
1265:30 Rockefeller Plaza
1112:Babcock & Wilcox
1083:École des Beaux-Arts
1079:Alfred Corning Clark
589:John B. Rose Company
380:French Second Empire
274:41 (+1 below ground)
176:Construction started
108:French Second Empire
19:For other uses, see
8000:195 (Western Union)
7892:Inwood–207th Street
7602:Intercession Church
7547:2350 (Bretton Hall)
7374:1566 (TSX Broadway)
7014:200 (Fulton Center)
6979:75 (Trinity Church)
6558:. Monacelli Press.
6438:Architectural Forum
6291:Architectural Forum
6014:on January 26, 2021
5836:New York Daily News
5797:New York Daily News
5670:New York Daily News
4897:, pp. 275–276.
4769:. October 5, 1907.
4731:. August 30, 1907.
3609:, pp. 360–361.
3496:, pp. 112–113.
2865:, pp. 542–543.
2838:, pp. 358–359.
2340:, pp. 443–444.
2158:. August 25, 1907.
1867:on October 18, 2012
1739:(January 2, 2005).
1399:Ada Louise Huxtable
1395:Architectural Forum
1391:Architectural Forum
1328:, which caused the
1305:Architectural Forum
1285:United States Steel
1146:Washington Monument
749:Structural features
334:(also known as the
165:40.70972; -74.01083
156: /
100:Architectural style
79:General information
8444:Former skyscrapers
8361:World Trade Center
8325:Woolworth Building
8050:Metropolitan Hotel
7995:176 (Howard Hotel)
7727:Van Cortlandt Park
7572:School at Columbia
7354:1540 (Bertelsmann)
7281:Times Square Tower
7241:1232 (Grand Hotel)
7196:800 (Grace Church)
7186:721 (Tisch School)
6959:61 (Adams Express)
6648:Engineering Record
6636:Engineering Record
6624:Engineering Record
6612:Engineering Record
6600:Engineering Record
6587:Engineering Record
6170:The New York Times
5863:The New York Times
5759:The New York Times
5753:(April 23, 2015).
5705:The New York Times
5630:The New York Times
5591:The New York Times
5554:. March 19, 1964.
5552:The New York Times
5511:The New York Times
5454:The New York Times
5398:. April 22, 1949.
5396:The New York Times
5337:. March 16, 1925.
5335:The New York Times
5276:. April 14, 1925.
5274:The New York Times
5176:The New York Times
5138:The New York Times
5106:. No. v. 16.
5034:The New York Times
4996:The New York Times
4950:The New York Times
4912:The New York Times
4767:The New York Times
4729:The New York Times
4659:The New York Times
4541:The New York Times
4503:The New York Times
4437:. March 26, 1905.
4435:The New York Times
4399:. March 19, 1903.
4397:The New York Times
4359:The New York Times
4321:The New York Times
4283:The New York Times
4219:"Real Estate News"
4185:The New York Times
4119:. April 24, 1900.
4117:The New York Times
3940:The New York Times
3857:The New York Times
3694:The New York Times
3284:, pp. 92, 99.
3226:, pp. 74, 76.
2397:The New York Times
2352:, pp. 33, 52.
2156:The New York Times
2074:The New York Times
1901:The New York Times
1745:The New York Times
1566:The New York Times
1407:The New York Globe
1362:
1334:World Trade Center
1309:The New York Times
1301:The New York Times
1269:William Zeckendorf
1245:
1192:
1127:Tower construction
1036:
1020:elevator operators
975:safe deposit boxes
918:
778:
759:Load-bearing walls
697:
608:Jno. Williams Inc.
600:
543:
539:Equitable Building
481:to the north. The
471:Financial District
416:load-bearing walls
360:Financial District
95:Commercial offices
8391:
8390:
8383:
8374:
8365:
8356:
8347:
8343:Chrysler Building
8338:
8329:
8320:
8311:
8302:
8298:Park Row Building
8293:
8284:
8275:
8212:
8211:
8208:
8207:
8173:Iridium Jazz Club
8150:1600 (Studebaker)
7955:39 (Macomb House)
7925:
7924:
7735:
7734:
7657:
7656:
7507:2100 (Apple Bank)
7458:
7457:
7294:
7293:
7221:Flatiron Building
7152:
7151:
7054:258 (Rogers Peet)
7027:St. Paul's Chapel
6949:26 (Standard Oil)
6924:U.S. Custom House
6849:
6848:
6845:
6830:Park Row Building
6822:
6802:Succeeded by
6799:
6749:"Singer Building"
6712:Media related to
6692:978-1-5689-8044-7
6673:978-0-19538-386-7
6508:. The Trow Press.
6479:978-1-85669-418-6
6472:. Laurence King.
6458:978-1-4456-2401-3
6414:978-0-300-07739-1
6391:978-0-471-36257-9
6366:978-1-55862-338-5
6311:978-1-351-79679-8
6267:978-0-52162-421-3
6154:, pp. 11–12.
5943:BBC News Magazine
4914:. June 14, 1907.
4833:Los Angeles Times
4543:. March 4, 1906.
4249:"The Soul of Wit"
3769:, pp. 49–50.
3481:, pp. 84–85.
3340:, pp. 80–81.
3272:, pp. 57–58.
2367:, pp. 44–45.
2328:, pp. 36–38.
2316:, pp. 88–89.
2124:, pp. 10–11.
2001:"Singer Building"
1737:Gray, Christopher
1342:Midtown Manhattan
1322:One Liberty Plaza
1160:Los Angeles Times
1104:Augustus Van Wyck
1044:early skyscrapers
836:groundwater level
681:glazed roof tiles
641:Indiana Limestone
514:George W. Conable
447:One Liberty Plaza
328:
327:
266:Technical details
8481:
8381:
8372:
8363:
8354:
8345:
8336:
8327:
8318:
8309:
8300:
8291:
8282:
8273:
8266:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8216:
8215:
7990:169–171 (Gilsey)
7950:Government House
7931:
7930:
7741:
7740:
7667:Parks and plazas
7663:
7662:
7617:Audubon Ballroom
7464:
7463:
7359:1552 (I. Miller)
7343:Minskoff Theatre
7333:1501 (Paramount)
7300:
7299:
7266:1328 (Marbridge)
7231:1181 (Baudouine)
7158:
7157:
7144:561 (Scholastic)
6902:
6901:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6843:
6827:Preceded by
6820:
6797:
6781:Preceded by
6773:
6772:
6758:
6744:
6738:
6730:
6711:
6696:
6677:
6651:
6639:
6627:
6615:
6603:
6591:
6577:
6548:
6521:
6509:
6498:
6483:
6462:
6441:
6435:
6426:
6406:
6395:
6370:
6349:
6343:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6315:
6294:
6288:
6279:
6248:
6231:
6225:
6206:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6161:
6155:
6149:
6143:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6104:
6098:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6010:. Archived from
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5696:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5544:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5244:New-York Tribune
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5214:New-York Tribune
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5178:. May 13, 1908.
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4860:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4805:New-York Tribune
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4505:. July 7, 1906.
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4473:New-York Tribune
4469:"Highest of All"
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4285:. May 23, 1899.
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4223:The New York Sun
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4155:New-York Tribune
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4074:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4002:
3994:
3981:
3975:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3900:
3892:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3732:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3566:
3557:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3526:New-York Tribune
3518:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3482:
3476:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3432:
3426:
3413:
3407:
3394:
3388:
3371:
3370:
3352:
3341:
3335:
3324:
3318:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3184:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3131:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3090:
3084:
3071:
3065:
3052:
3046:
3033:
3027:
3016:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2961:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2738:
2732:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2673:
2667:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2579:
2570:
2564:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2519:
2511:
2498:
2492:
2483:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2438:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2261:The New York Sun
2252:
2239:
2233:
2216:
2210:
2197:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2148:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2065:
2056:
2050:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1965:
1959:
1942:
1936:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1892:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1863:. Archived from
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1788:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1733:
1716:
1710:
1697:
1691:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1660:on July 26, 2017
1656:. Archived from
1643:
1628:
1622:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1556:
1545:
1539:
1512:
1506:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1441:
1382:Christopher Gray
998:observation deck
932:Christopher Gray
922:Pavonazzo marble
843:using pneumatic
613:
541:, September 1967
495:Frederick Bourne
428:observation deck
340:early skyscraper
232:
230:
225:
189:
187:
182:
171:
170:
168:
167:
166:
161:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
40:
28:
27:
8489:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8307:Singer Building
8252:
8243:
8213:
8204:
8180:1678 (Birdland)
8168:Beltone Studios
8035:Theatre Comique
7936:
7921:
7748:
7746:Subway stations
7731:
7717:Columbus Circle
7668:
7653:
7473:
7454:
7339:One Astor Plaza
7309:
7306:Columbus Circle
7290:
7167:
7148:
7064:270 (Tower 270)
7044:233 (Woolworth)
7019:Corbin Building
6994:120 (Equitable)
6915:
6896:
6879:
6842:
6840:
6832:
6819:
6817:
6807:
6796:
6794:
6786:
6762:Singer Building
6747:
6732:
6731:
6719:
6704:
6699:
6693:
6674:
6642:
6630:
6618:
6606:
6594:
6566:
6537:
6480:
6459:
6433:
6415:
6392:
6367:
6337:
6336:
6326:
6312:
6286:
6268:
6223:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6205:, p. 1127.
6201:
6197:
6187:
6185:
6162:
6158:
6150:
6146:
6138:
6134:
6124:
6122:
6105:
6101:
6093:
6089:
6079:
6077:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6015:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5967:
5963:
5953:
5951:
5934:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5880:
5878:
5855:
5851:
5832:
5828:
5820:
5816:
5806:
5804:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5776:
5774:
5748:
5744:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5720:
5697:
5690:
5680:
5678:
5673:. p. 214.
5661:
5657:
5647:
5645:
5622:
5618:
5608:
5606:
5583:
5579:
5569:
5567:
5546:
5545:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5413:
5411:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5377:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5223:
5221:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5155:
5153:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5117:
5115:
5108:Chilton Company
5098:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5013:
5011:
4988:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4889:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4640:
4636:
4628:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4575:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4361:. May 2, 1902.
4353:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4336:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4230:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3984:
3976:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3849:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3709:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3622:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3574:Buffalo Courier
3568:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3492:
3485:
3477:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3435:
3427:
3416:
3408:
3397:
3389:
3374:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3336:
3327:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3187:
3179:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3074:
3066:
3055:
3047:
3036:
3028:
3019:
3015:, p. 9460.
3011:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2869:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2676:
2668:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2620:
2607:
2599:
2588:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2548:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2501:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2467:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2238:, p. 1126.
2234:
2219:
2211:
2200:
2196:, p. 9459.
2192:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2150:
2149:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2028:
2018:
2016:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1968:
1960:
1945:
1941:, p. 9461.
1937:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1893:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1734:
1719:
1711:
1700:
1692:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1653:The Daily Beast
1644:
1631:
1623:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1557:
1548:
1540:
1515:
1507:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1416:
1354:
1299:later wrote in
1260:
1201:
1188:Hudson Terminal
1169:
1129:
1120:
1091:
1066:Edward C. Clark
1062:Isaac M. Singer
1028:
1007:
983:
966:
910:
878:
816:
807:Portland cement
756:
751:
689:
624:
611:
604:ornamental iron
573:
531:
477:, abutting the
475:Lower Manhattan
459:
364:Lower Manhattan
332:Singer Building
324:
279:Lifts/elevators
228:
226:
223:
206:
185:
183:
180:
164:
162:
158:
155:
150:
147:
145:
143:
142:
31:Singer Building
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8487:
8477:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8389:
8388:
8386:
8385:
8376:
8367:
8358:
8349:
8340:
8334:40 Wall Street
8331:
8322:
8313:
8304:
8295:
8286:
8277:
8271:Trinity Church
8268:
8257:
8254:
8253:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8219:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8095:Hotel Victoria
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8025:346 (Appleton)
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8005:220 (St. Paul)
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7877:Dyckman Street
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7702:Greeley Square
7699:
7697:Madison Square
7694:
7689:
7687:City Hall Park
7684:
7679:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7625:
7624:
7622:Shabazz Center
7619:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7537:2201 (Apthorp)
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7512:2109 (Ansonia)
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7460:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7029:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6912:Houston Street
6898:
6897:
6878:
6877:
6870:
6863:
6855:
6847:
6846:
6833:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6800:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6759:
6754:SkyscraperPage
6745:
6717:
6703:
6702:External links
6700:
6698:
6697:
6691:
6678:
6672:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6640:
6628:
6616:
6604:
6578:
6564:
6549:
6535:
6522:
6510:
6499:
6484:
6478:
6463:
6457:
6442:
6427:
6413:
6396:
6390:
6371:
6365:
6350:
6316:
6310:
6295:
6280:
6266:
6249:
6232:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6195:
6156:
6144:
6132:
6099:
6087:
6056:
6025:
5992:
5961:
5928:
5888:
5849:
5826:
5824:, p. 108.
5814:
5784:
5742:
5730:
5688:
5655:
5616:
5577:
5536:
5498:
5475:
5444:
5421:
5383:
5381:, p. 171.
5360:
5322:
5299:
5261:
5231:
5201:
5163:
5125:
5091:
5059:
5021:
4982:
4980:, p. 235.
4970:
4937:
4899:
4887:
4847:
4822:
4792:
4754:
4716:
4684:
4646:
4634:
4611:
4581:
4566:
4528:
4490:
4460:
4422:
4384:
4346:
4308:
4270:
4240:
4210:
4172:
4142:
4101:
4061:
4029:
3982:
3965:
3927:
3882:
3843:
3841:, p. 119.
3831:
3829:, p. 501.
3827:Jorgensen 1994
3819:
3807:
3805:, p. 119.
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3719:
3680:
3678:, p. 436.
3668:
3628:
3611:
3599:
3597:, p. 435.
3587:
3558:
3556:, p. 354.
3543:
3510:
3498:
3483:
3468:
3456:
3454:, p. 361.
3433:
3431:, p. 114.
3414:
3395:
3372:
3342:
3325:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3259:
3247:
3228:
3216:
3185:
3170:
3158:
3118:
3106:
3104:, p. 432.
3091:
3072:
3053:
3051:, p. 116.
3034:
3032:, p. 357.
3017:
3000:
2998:, p. 430.
2988:
2943:
2911:
2896:
2894:, p. 442.
2884:
2882:, p. 543.
2867:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2826:, p. 602.
2811:
2809:, p. 599.
2799:
2787:
2768:
2766:, p. 105.
2756:
2754:, p. 434.
2739:
2724:
2722:, p. 542.
2712:
2710:, p. 630.
2697:
2674:
2672:, p. 360.
2655:
2653:, p. 117.
2643:
2641:, p. 120.
2626:
2624:, p. 359.
2605:
2603:, p. 358.
2586:
2571:
2546:
2499:
2484:
2465:
2422:
2381:
2369:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2279:
2240:
2217:
2215:, p. 107.
2198:
2181:
2126:
2114:
2099:
2057:
2055:, p. 170.
2026:
1989:
1987:, p. 429.
1966:
1943:
1926:
1878:
1847:
1845:, p. 310.
1835:
1823:
1821:, p. 170.
1811:
1770:
1717:
1715:, p. 118.
1698:
1671:
1629:
1627:, p. 355.
1592:
1546:
1513:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1471:
1458:
1449:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1378:New York Times
1353:
1350:
1332:of the nearby
1259:
1256:
1250:The New Yorker
1214:Madison Avenue
1200:
1197:
1168:
1167:Base expansion
1165:
1150:Prince Wilhelm
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1090:
1087:
1027:
1024:
1009:There were 15
1006:
1003:
982:
979:
965:
962:
927:New York Times
909:
906:
904:to the north.
877:
874:
815:
812:
763:steel skeleton
755:
754:Superstructure
752:
750:
747:
688:
685:
623:
620:
572:
569:
530:
527:
508:style and the
497:, who led the
463:Liberty Street
458:
455:
412:steel skeleton
352:Liberty Street
326:
325:
323:
322:
319:
315:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
288:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
263:
262:
259:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
234:
233:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
201:
197:
195:
191:
190:
177:
173:
172:
140:
134:
133:
115:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8486:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8380:
8377:
8371:
8368:
8362:
8359:
8353:
8350:
8344:
8341:
8335:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8317:
8314:
8308:
8305:
8299:
8296:
8290:
8287:
8281:
8278:
8272:
8269:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8240:
8235:
8233:
8228:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8217:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7939:
7932:
7928:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7902:Prince Street
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7887:Fulton Street
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7857:Bowling Green
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7751:
7747:
7742:
7738:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7707:Herald Square
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7682:Zuccotti Park
7680:
7678:
7677:Bowling Green
7675:
7674:
7671:
7664:
7660:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:Broadway Hall
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7471:
7465:
7461:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7307:
7301:
7297:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:1200 (Gilsey)
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7226:Madison Green
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7165:
7159:
7155:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7139:495 (New Era)
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6969:1 Wall Street
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6876:
6871:
6869:
6864:
6862:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6839:
6838:
6831:
6825:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6793:
6792:
6785:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6694:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6675:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6658:White, Norval
6655:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6565:1-885254-02-4
6561:
6557:
6556:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6536:0-8478-0511-5
6532:
6528:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6471:
6470:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6443:
6439:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6397:
6393:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6333:
6332:public domain
6323:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6204:
6199:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6103:
6097:, p. 22.
6096:
6091:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6060:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6029:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5996:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5965:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5932:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5902:The Telegraph
5898:
5892:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5853:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5739:
5734:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5695:
5693:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5659:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5620:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5581:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5380:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5303:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5235:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5167:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4974:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4883:
4868:
4864:
4857:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4826:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4644:, p. 48.
4643:
4638:
4632:, p. 11.
4631:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4579:, p. 30.
4578:
4573:
4571:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4097:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4065:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4025:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3980:, p. 87.
3979:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3835:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3787:
3781:, p. 50.
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3723:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3664:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3626:, p. 46.
3625:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3508:, p. 71.
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3466:, p. 75.
3465:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3412:, p. 72.
3411:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3393:, p. 54.
3392:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3323:, p. 87.
3322:
3317:
3315:
3308:, p. 65.
3307:
3302:
3296:, p. 63.
3295:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3257:, p. 56.
3256:
3251:
3245:, p. 68.
3244:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3214:, p. 95.
3213:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3183:, p. 40.
3182:
3177:
3175:
3168:, p. 16.
3167:
3162:
3154:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3122:
3116:, p. 15.
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3089:, p. 13.
3088:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3070:, p. 12.
3069:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2909:, p. 28.
2908:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2850:, p. 22.
2849:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2797:, p. 21.
2796:
2791:
2785:, p. 32.
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2737:, p. 41.
2736:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2695:, p. 20.
2694:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2584:, p. 36.
2583:
2578:
2576:
2569:, p. 94.
2568:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2497:, p. 93.
2496:
2491:
2489:
2482:, p. 33.
2481:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2379:, p. 67.
2378:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2304:, p. 38.
2303:
2298:
2292:, p. 35.
2291:
2286:
2284:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2112:, p. 10.
2111:
2106:
2104:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1964:, p. 88.
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1833:, p. 43.
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1696:, p. 92.
1695:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1544:, p. 89.
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1002:
999:
994:
990:
988:
978:
976:
970:
961:
957:
954:
948:
946:
942:
938:
933:
929:
928:
923:
914:
905:
903:
898:
893:
891:
886:
884:
873:
870:
865:
862:
858:
854:
848:
846:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
811:
808:
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616:ornamentation
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49:Record height
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
8306:
8120:1469 (Pabst)
7980:149 (Singer)
7979:
7862:Canal Street
7802:238th Street
7797:231st Street
7792:168th Street
7787:157th Street
7777:145th Street
7767:125th Street
7757:103rd Street
7722:Verdi Square
7712:Times Square
7692:Union Square
7567:The Cornwall
7522:Hotel Beacon
7502:The Dorilton
7497:Empire Hotel
7390:1619 (Brill)
7211:900 (Goelet)
7206:889 (Gorham)
7164:Times Square
6835:
6812:
6789:
6765:
6752:
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6402:
6376:
6355:
6320:
6300:
6290:
6253:
6236:
6227:
6198:
6186:. Retrieved
6169:
6159:
6147:
6142:, p. 8.
6135:
6123:. Retrieved
6112:
6102:
6090:
6080:February 28,
6078:. Retrieved
6069:
6059:
6049:February 28,
6047:. Retrieved
6038:
6028:
6016:. Retrieved
6012:the original
6005:
5995:
5983:. Retrieved
5974:
5964:
5954:December 12,
5952:. Retrieved
5941:
5931:
5919:. Retrieved
5900:
5891:
5879:. Retrieved
5862:
5852:
5835:
5829:
5817:
5805:. Retrieved
5796:
5787:
5775:. Retrieved
5758:
5751:Roberts, Sam
5745:
5733:
5721:. Retrieved
5704:
5679:. Retrieved
5668:
5658:
5646:. Retrieved
5629:
5619:
5607:. Retrieved
5590:
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5551:
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5175:
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5137:
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5103:
5094:
5082:. Retrieved
5071:
5062:
5050:. Retrieved
5033:
5024:
5012:. Retrieved
4995:
4985:
4978:Haughey 2018
4973:
4961:. Retrieved
4949:
4940:
4928:. Retrieved
4911:
4902:
4890:
4882:columbia.edu
4880:– via
4874:. Retrieved
4862:
4850:
4831:
4825:
4813:. Retrieved
4804:
4795:
4783:. Retrieved
4766:
4757:
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4696:
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4649:
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4593:
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4540:
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4502:
4493:
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4472:
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4434:
4425:
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4396:
4387:
4375:. Retrieved
4358:
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4320:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4282:
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4252:
4243:
4231:. Retrieved
4222:
4213:
4201:. Retrieved
4184:
4175:
4163:. Retrieved
4154:
4145:
4133:. Retrieved
4116:
4096:columbia.edu
4094:– via
4088:. Retrieved
4076:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4041:
4032:
4024:columbia.edu
4022:– via
4016:. Retrieved
4004:
3956:. Retrieved
3939:
3930:
3922:columbia.edu
3920:– via
3914:. Retrieved
3902:
3873:. Retrieved
3856:
3846:
3839:Meighan 2012
3834:
3822:
3810:
3798:
3793:, p. 9.
3786:
3774:
3762:
3754:columbia.edu
3752:– via
3746:. Retrieved
3734:
3722:
3710:. Retrieved
3693:
3683:
3671:
3663:columbia.edu
3661:– via
3655:. Retrieved
3643:
3631:
3602:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3573:
3534:. Retrieved
3525:
3501:
3459:
3356:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3250:
3219:
3161:
3153:columbia.edu
3151:– via
3145:. Retrieved
3133:
3121:
3109:
2991:
2983:columbia.edu
2981:– via
2975:. Retrieved
2963:
2934:. Retrieved
2923:
2914:
2887:
2843:
2831:
2802:
2790:
2759:
2715:
2646:
2541:columbia.edu
2539:– via
2533:. Retrieved
2521:
2460:columbia.edu
2458:– via
2452:. Retrieved
2440:
2413:. Retrieved
2396:
2372:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2270:. Retrieved
2259:
2172:. Retrieved
2155:
2117:
2090:. Retrieved
2073:
2017:. Retrieved
2004:
1917:. Retrieved
1900:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1850:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1761:. Retrieved
1744:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1651:
1583:. Retrieved
1564:
1511:, p. 9.
1474:
1467:Eiffel Tower
1461:
1452:
1439:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1261:
1248:
1246:
1230:
1222:Harry Atwood
1218:
1202:
1193:
1177:mansard roof
1174:
1170:
1158:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1060:
1052:Sarah Landau
1037:
1016:
1008:
995:
991:
984:
981:Other floors
971:
967:
958:
949:
925:
919:
894:
887:
879:
866:
849:
817:
804:
797:
779:
757:
743:
738:belt courses
735:
698:
677:mansard roof
661:
649:
625:
601:
574:
553:
544:
523:
503:
491:Ernest Flagg
460:
457:Architecture
432:
384:
372:Ernest Flagg
336:Singer Tower
335:
331:
329:
296:Ernest Flagg
292:Architect(s)
69:Surpassed by
25:
8020:Rogers Peet
8015:Astor House
7917:Wall Street
7852:96th Street
7847:86th Street
7842:79th Street
7837:72nd Street
7822:50th Street
7812:28th Street
7807:23rd Street
7782:14th Street
7562:Astor Court
7552:The Belnord
7176:611 (Cable)
6974:71 (Empire)
6944:25 (Cunard)
6908:The Battery
6906:Buildings (
6582:"Volume 55"
6529:. Rizzoli.
6095:Fenske 2005
5838:. pp.
4642:Semsch 1908
4630:Semsch 1908
4577:Semsch 1908
3803:Condit 1968
3791:Willis 1995
3779:Willis 1995
3767:Semsch 1908
3624:Semsch 1908
3506:Semsch 1908
3494:Semsch 1908
3479:Semsch 1908
3464:Semsch 1908
3429:Semsch 1908
3410:Semsch 1908
3391:Semsch 1908
3338:Semsch 1908
3321:Semsch 1908
3306:Semsch 1908
3294:Semsch 1908
3282:Semsch 1908
3270:Semsch 1908
3255:Semsch 1908
3243:Semsch 1908
3224:Semsch 1908
3181:Semsch 1908
3166:Semsch 1908
3114:Semsch 1908
3087:Semsch 1908
3068:Semsch 1908
3013:Ripley 1907
2907:Semsch 1908
2848:Semsch 1908
2795:Semsch 1908
2783:Semsch 1908
2764:Semsch 1908
2735:Semsch 1908
2693:Semsch 1908
2582:Semsch 1908
2480:Semsch 1908
2377:Semsch 1908
2365:Semsch 1908
2350:Semsch 1908
2326:Semsch 1908
2302:Semsch 1908
2290:Semsch 1908
2194:Ripley 1907
2122:Semsch 1908
2110:Semsch 1908
1939:Ripley 1907
1871:January 16,
1509:Semsch 1908
1370:the city's
1297:Sam Roberts
1056:Carl Condit
945:pendentives
736:Horizontal
710:windowsills
518:consultants
487:street grid
271:Floor count
163: /
138:Coordinates
59:Preceded by
8398:Categories
7960:50 (Tower)
6882:Structures
6844:187 m
6821:187 m
6798:187 m
6767:Structurae
6188:August 14,
6018:August 12,
5985:August 12,
5921:August 12,
5807:August 13,
5777:August 14,
5723:August 12,
5681:August 13,
5648:August 17,
5609:October 6,
5570:August 14,
5529:August 12,
5493:1325841053
5439:1326786063
5414:August 14,
5353:August 14,
5317:1113064043
5292:August 14,
5254:August 14,
5224:August 14,
5194:August 14,
5156:August 14,
5118:August 17,
5084:August 16,
5052:August 17,
4963:August 17,
4930:August 14,
4876:August 17,
4815:August 14,
4785:August 14,
4747:August 14,
4709:August 14,
4677:August 14,
4604:August 13,
4559:August 14,
4521:August 12,
4483:August 14,
4453:August 12,
4415:August 12,
4377:August 12,
4339:August 14,
4301:August 14,
4233:August 13,
4203:August 14,
4135:August 12,
4090:August 17,
4054:August 13,
4018:August 17,
3958:August 12,
3916:August 17,
3748:August 17,
3712:August 14,
3657:August 17,
3580:August 14,
3536:August 14,
3367:1320004518
3147:August 17,
2977:August 17,
2936:August 17,
2535:August 17,
2454:August 17,
2415:August 12,
2272:August 13,
2174:August 14,
2092:August 12,
1919:August 15,
1664:August 12,
1585:August 12,
1426:References
1386:Jason Barr
1314:Daily News
1258:Demolition
1154:topped out
1106:, and the
1075:the Dakota
1073:to design
987:watercolor
841:foundation
814:Foundation
664:rusticated
652:architrave
577:terracotta
506:Beaux-Arts
404:foundation
392:terracotta
376:Beaux-Arts
219:Demolished
151:74°00′39″W
148:40°42′35″N
104:Beaux-Arts
87:Demolished
7872:City Hall
7527:The Astor
7470:The Bronx
7059:City Hall
6894:the Bronx
6890:Manhattan
6841:1906–1909
6818:1908–1909
6795:1908–1909
6340:cite book
6245:600614625
6178:0362-4331
6125:April 20,
6070:Bloomberg
6007:Gothamist
5975:Curbed NY
5911:0307-1235
5871:0362-4331
5767:0362-4331
5713:0362-4331
5638:0362-4331
5599:0362-4331
5560:0362-4331
5519:0362-4331
5470:114455893
5462:0362-4331
5404:0362-4331
5343:0362-4331
5282:0362-4331
5184:0362-4331
5146:0362-4331
5042:0362-4331
5004:0362-4331
4958:0362-4331
4920:0362-4331
4842:159125760
4775:0362-4331
4737:0362-4331
4667:0362-4331
4549:0362-4331
4511:0362-4331
4443:0362-4331
4405:0362-4331
4367:0362-4331
4329:0362-4331
4291:0362-4331
4193:0362-4331
4165:August 6,
4125:0362-4331
3948:0362-4331
3865:0362-4331
3702:0362-4331
2405:0362-4331
2164:0362-4331
2082:0362-4331
1909:0362-4331
1843:Pile 2005
1804:March 31,
1763:August 1,
1753:0362-4331
1575:0362-4331
1491:Citations
1241:Agfacolor
1137:boreholes
1118:Expansion
1005:Elevators
897:radiators
883:cast iron
869:grillages
853:dead load
824:quicksand
719:balconies
669:pediments
656:cartouche
585:limestone
581:bluestone
414:, though
344:Manhattan
302:Developer
258:Top floor
222:1967–1969
214:1906–1908
211:Renovated
194:Completed
123:Manhattan
8246:Timeline
6886:Broadway
6776:Records
6735:cite web
6574:32159240
6423:32819286
6276:56752831
6182:Archived
6119:Archived
6074:Archived
6043:Archived
5979:Archived
5948:Archived
5915:Archived
5875:Archived
5801:Archived
5771:Archived
5717:Archived
5675:Archived
5642:Archived
5603:Archived
5564:Archived
5523:Archived
5489:ProQuest
5466:ProQuest
5435:ProQuest
5408:Archived
5347:Archived
5313:ProQuest
5286:Archived
5248:Archived
5218:Archived
5188:Archived
5150:Archived
5112:Archived
5078:Archived
5046:Archived
5008:Archived
4924:Archived
4867:Archived
4838:ProQuest
4809:Archived
4779:Archived
4741:Archived
4703:Archived
4671:Archived
4598:Archived
4553:Archived
4515:Archived
4477:Archived
4447:Archived
4409:Archived
4371:Archived
4333:Archived
4295:Archived
4263:July 17,
4257:Archived
4227:Archived
4197:Archived
4159:Archived
4129:Archived
4081:Archived
4048:Archived
4009:Archived
3952:Archived
3907:Archived
3869:Archived
3739:Archived
3706:Archived
3648:Archived
3530:Archived
3363:ProQuest
3138:Archived
2968:Archived
2930:Archived
2526:Archived
2445:Archived
2409:Archived
2266:Archived
2168:Archived
2086:Archived
2013:Archived
1913:Archived
1795:Archived
1757:Archived
1579:Archived
1445:land lot
1414:See also
1330:collapse
964:Basement
937:monogram
876:Interior
861:in house
845:caissons
800:derricks
731:mullions
673:brackets
645:mullions
548:frontage
483:land lot
467:Broadway
443:land lot
408:caissons
382:styles.
356:Broadway
312:Engineer
131:New York
119:Broadway
114:Location
8382:(541 m)
8373:(443 m)
8364:(526 m)
8355:(443 m)
8346:(320 m)
8337:(283 m)
8328:(241 m)
8319:(213 m)
8310:(187 m)
8301:(119 m)
8292:(100 m)
7216:935–939
6726:Emporis
6545:9829395
6213:Sources
5946:. BBC.
5881:May 19,
5014:June 2,
3875:May 24,
2019:July 2,
1367:setback
1190:in 1909
1040:Chicago
1026:History
857:eyebars
828:hardpan
820:bedrock
783:bracing
767:Rafters
723:fascias
706:courses
702:copings
637:dormers
633:cornice
560:lantern
469:in the
400:lantern
398:with a
358:in the
227: (
184: (
8384:(2014)
8375:(2001)
8366:(1973)
8357:(1931)
8348:(1930)
8339:(1930)
8330:(1913)
8321:(1909)
8312:(1908)
8303:(1899)
8294:(1894)
8285:(1890)
8283:(94 m)
8276:(1846)
8274:(85 m)
7935:Former
7337:1515 (
7261:Macy's
6689:
6670:
6572:
6562:
6543:
6533:
6476:
6455:
6421:
6411:
6388:
6363:
6308:
6274:
6264:
6243:
6176:
5909:
5869:
5765:
5711:
5636:
5597:
5558:
5517:
5491:
5468:
5460:
5437:
5402:
5341:
5315:
5280:
5182:
5144:
5040:
5002:
4956:
4918:
4840:
4773:
4735:
4665:
4547:
4509:
4441:
4403:
4365:
4327:
4289:
4191:
4123:
3946:
3863:
3700:
3365:
2403:
2162:
2080:
1907:
1751:
1573:
1352:Impact
941:bobbin
834:. The
787:girder
708:, and
612:
606:while
571:Facade
420:marble
388:facade
237:Height
84:Status
8267:1643)
8164:1650
6434:(PDF)
6382:Wiley
6287:(PDF)
6224:(PDF)
4870:(PDF)
4859:(PDF)
4084:(PDF)
4073:(PDF)
4012:(PDF)
4001:(PDF)
3910:(PDF)
3899:(PDF)
3742:(PDF)
3731:(PDF)
3651:(PDF)
3640:(PDF)
3141:(PDF)
3130:(PDF)
2971:(PDF)
2960:(PDF)
2529:(PDF)
2518:(PDF)
2448:(PDF)
2437:(PDF)
1798:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1431:Notes
953:newel
908:Lobby
792:truss
727:jambs
714:piers
687:Tower
7612:3940
7492:1865
7425:1740
7420:1717
7341:and
7328:1500
7256:1313
7023:209
6892:and
6741:link
6687:ISBN
6668:ISBN
6570:OCLC
6560:ISBN
6541:OCLC
6531:ISBN
6474:ISBN
6453:ISBN
6419:OCLC
6409:ISBN
6386:ISBN
6361:ISBN
6346:link
6306:ISBN
6272:OCLC
6262:ISBN
6241:OCLC
6190:2020
6174:ISSN
6127:2022
6082:2022
6051:2022
6020:2020
5987:2020
5956:2012
5923:2020
5907:ISSN
5883:2020
5867:ISSN
5809:2020
5779:2020
5763:ISSN
5725:2020
5709:ISSN
5683:2020
5650:2020
5634:ISSN
5611:2020
5595:ISSN
5572:2020
5556:ISSN
5531:2020
5515:ISSN
5458:ISSN
5416:2020
5400:ISSN
5355:2020
5339:ISSN
5294:2020
5278:ISSN
5256:2020
5226:2020
5196:2020
5180:ISSN
5158:2020
5142:ISSN
5120:2020
5086:2020
5054:2020
5038:ISSN
5016:2021
5000:ISSN
4965:2020
4954:ISSN
4932:2020
4916:ISSN
4878:2020
4817:2020
4787:2020
4771:ISSN
4749:2020
4733:ISSN
4711:2020
4679:2020
4663:ISSN
4606:2020
4561:2020
4545:ISSN
4523:2020
4507:ISSN
4485:2020
4455:2020
4439:ISSN
4417:2020
4401:ISSN
4379:2020
4363:ISSN
4341:2020
4325:ISSN
4303:2020
4287:ISSN
4265:2020
4235:2020
4205:2020
4189:ISSN
4167:2020
4137:2020
4121:ISSN
4092:2020
4056:2020
4020:2020
3960:2020
3944:ISSN
3918:2020
3877:2021
3861:ISSN
3750:2020
3714:2020
3698:ISSN
3659:2020
3582:2020
3538:2020
3149:2020
2979:2020
2938:2020
2537:2020
2456:2020
2417:2020
2401:ISSN
2274:2020
2176:2020
2160:ISSN
2094:2020
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