636:
different concepts, however they are based on common principles. All schemes incorporate mechanisms of solidarity: solidarity between generations (principle of distribution) and solidarity within a single generation (large redistributions between different occupational groups and gender). These principles of solidarity occurs both in the regimes, between the regimes and beyond regimes at the national level. There are transfers between the schemes, and therefore solidarity between the basic schemes, as well as mechanisms for schemes coordination. Solidarity at the national level consists of the minimum old-age pension assigned to all seniors who have limited resources, paid by the solidarity fund retirement (which also pay some family benefits), but also of state subsidies granted to certain regimes (farmers, SNCF, RATP, mining, marine ...), and finally of various taxes allocated to pensions. The retirement system in France is organized into three levels: a compulsory system, a scheme often mandatory, and optional arrangements.
702:
201:
276:
538:
programs ; accommodation and treatment of children or adolescents with disabilities. In case of sickness, health insurance provides daily allowances to the insured who is in physical disability and unable to continue or resume work. The daily allowance depends on the daily earning and on the number of dependent children. Health insurance also manages maternity (expenses for examinations and daily allowance during maternity leave) disability: (pension granted when the person is unable to work) and deaths.
43:
143:
84:
542:
convention or authority. Health insurance does not support all the expenses within the rates used to calculate benefits. In principle, the insured is required to advance the expenses, social security then reimbursing the insured. However, there are some conventions of "third-party payer" providing direct payment for the body to the service.
401:.) On 9 April 1898, legislators required that employers purchase insurance for indemnity payments to injured employees. Then, on 5 April 1928, insurance was extended to cover illness, maternity, and death. On 30 April 1930, the law was again extended to apply to jobs in the agricultural sector. The bill was supported by
554:
From 2000 a universal health coverage has been in place, providing two fundamental rights for access to care: a right to health insurance for anyone in stable and regular residence in the territory and a right for the most disadvantaged, submitted to resources, to a free coverage, with exemption from
545:
Health insurance depends on his professional past or present of a person. However, for those not fulfilling the conditions of membership on a professional basis but residing in France for at least three months in a regular situation, there is universal coverage. The insured entitlement to benefits in
558:
The first component, for basic coverage, improves access to care for people suffering from extreme exclusion, but also many people temporarily or permanently deprived of the right to health insurance. It also introduced the principle of continuity of rights: a caisse can stop paying benefits only if
691:
The "assigned taxes" (19% of revenue) include various contributions and taxes used to finance social security. The most important is the general social contribution (CSG), based on all household incomes and contributing to the financing of health insurance, family benefits and
Retirement Solidarity
673:
The French system of Social
Security is financed largely by contributions based on the wages of employees. However, new funding policies have sought to broaden the base by taking into account all the household income while policies to promote employment led to lighten the burden of contributions on
575:
There are three social accidents for which the risk is better covered than by the accident assurance health insurance. The accident at work is the accident, whatever the cause, occurring because of or in connection with a job, to any person employed by one or more employers or entrepreneurs. Travel
325:
The main concept is that a unique and central institution will pay for all medical costs and pensions so as to provide an equal level of coverage to the whole population. All incomes (salaries, dividends...) are taxed to fund this system. The main advantage is that its negotiating power lowers very
541:
In order to be taken in charge by health insurance, care and products must meet two conditions: being provided by a public or private practitioner duly authorized to exercise, and being included on the list of reimbursable drugs and products. Health insurance operate on the basis of tariffs set by
537:
The sickness insurance covers the cost of general medicine and special care and dentures, Pharmaceutical expenses and equipment, analysis and laboratory tests; hospitalization and treatment heavy care facilities, rehabilitation, prenuptial examination vaccinations, tests done in public health
635:
All the schemes of basic and supplementary pensions in France work on the method of distribution. The schemes redistribute every year, in the form of pensions paid to retirees, contributions received that year from the assets. If the rules of the various pension plans in France correspond to
579:
In these three cases, industrial accident, travel from home, and occupational disease, medical care and vocational rehabilitation are totally taken in charge by the Social
Security. In case of permanent reduction of working capacity, the victim is entitled a capital (if the rate of permanent
377:
Alongside the movement for mutual, private social insurance, legislators pushed state-sponsored social aid, which tended to nurture the principle of national solidarity. The law of 15 July 1893, instituted free medical assistance; the law of 9 April 1898, considerably facilitated the worker
571:
The accident insurance and occupational diseases is a branch of social security often managed by the same agencies that the health branch. It is the oldest social security body. The legislation go back to 1898 and were included in the 31 December 1946 law creating the Social
Security.
576:
accident is an accident occurring on a route between work and home or during a mission on behalf of the employer. A professional disease is a disease of occupational origin and included in a list indicating any occupational diseases, their causes and the duration of incubation.
344:, certain professional organizations provided limited assistance to their members. However, the abolition of corporations by the Allarde decree, in 1791, put an end to this early system of private professional collective security. It was nevertheless replaced by the
562:
The second component, the creation of an additional free coverage, on behalf of national solidarity, is included in the management of care by health insurance. This reform affects 10% of the most disadvantaged people meeting the criteria of resources and residence.
546:
kind of health insurance and maternity his spouse or partner when it does not have a system of social protection, dependent children and any person taken in charge by the insured and who does not benefit from a system of social protection.
862:
In addition to the three main regimes there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system and which refused to be merged into the general system when it was created. The main special regimes are:
712:
The budget of the Social security system in France is separate from the budget of the state and is subject to a separate vote and an act of parliament (Loi de finances de la sécurité sociale). The 2010 budget amounted to 428 Bn
837:
Although the Social security system achieved surplus between 1999 and 2001 (thanks to the late 1990s economic recovery), it has since been repeatedly achieved important deficits, especially in 2009-2011 in the aftermath of the
326:
significantly the price of medicine and the system covers systematically all expenses without limit (100% coverage for any long term or critical problem such as diabetes, cancer....). The main drawback being the significant
684:
The "fictitious contributions" (8% of revenue) correspond in schemes employers (SNCF, RATP, EDF, ...) in funding by the employer of the scheme it manages. Indeed, the employer must ensure the balance of the
620:
Family benefits are granted to any French or foreign person residing in France, with a dependent child or children living in France under 20 (or 21 years for housing allowances to family and the Family).
656:(solidarity allowance for the elderly) (ASPA) is a French state pension for elderly people, whether former employees or not, on low incomes. It replaced the multiple components of the minimum pension (
455:, adopted by referendum in 1946, created a constitutional state obligation to provide financial assistance to those deemed most socially vulnerable, most notably women, children, and retired workers.
580:
disability is less than 10%), and an annuity (if the rate is more than 10%). In case of the death of the insured, the beneficiaries (spouse, children and descendants dependents) receive a pension.
322:: the General Regime, the Farm Regime, and the Self-employed Regime. In addition there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system in the mid-to-late 1940s.
424:
adopted plans to create a universal social security program to cover all citizens, regardless of class, in the event that sickness or injury made them unable to work. In the UK, the first
480:
17 January 1948 : established three retiree insurance programs for non-salaried, non-farm employees (artisans, industrial and commercial workers, and among the liberal professions)
444:
The Social
Security is financed by payments from both employers and their employees; it is administered and managed by all social partners, typically employee unions and/or companies.
498:
22 December 1966 : established mandatory insurance programs for farm-related accidents, non-work related accidents, and work-related sicknesses with free-choice of provider.
374:—organizations for collective social insurance—were permitted to offer loans to any French person, even if at the beginning, interest rates were too high for the average person.
303:) is divided by the French government into five branches: illness; old age/retirement; family; work accident; and occupational disease. From an institutional point of view,
470:, or special administrative bodies. Finally, the law of 22 May 1946, limited coverage under the unified s.s. program to employees of the industrial and commercial sectors
1149:
391:
The development of insurance companies, at the beginning of the 20th century, was also encouraged by legislation. (Note that insurance companies are profit driven, while
607:
The school allocation of available to children under 18 who continue their studies or placed under apprenticeship provided that their income does not exceed 55% of SMIC,
1136:
854:, Minister of Social Affairs and Health, announced in September 2016 that the Social Security budget would be balanced in 2017 for the first time in 16 years.
871:
510:
1997 : creation of the « vital card » : the certificate of affiliation to Social
Security issued to each insured person at the age of 16
1154:
458:
Nonetheless, social security was not entirely universal. The CNR program—the national resistance council—had envisioned universal social security, but the
1131:
947:
701:
507:
22 January 1978 : establishment of unique program for ministers, religious congregation members, and personal insurance other non-covered persons
652:
645:
1106:
1021:
1101:
464:, or unified social security program, actually created excluded miners, sailors, farmers, and government employees, all of whom were covered by
660:) from 1 January 2006. To qualify for ASPA, the recipient must live in France or French territory, and meet age and financial need criteria.
616:
The allocation of social housing in case of housing insalubrity to the elderly, the disabled, some unemployed and beneficiaries of the RMI.
1061:
688:
The "public contributions" (3% of revenue) represent direct payments to the state, including grants to individual special regimes balance
56:
881:
17:
681:
The "actual contributions" (57% of total revenue) represent the contributions paid by the insured and employers to social security.
598:
The adopted child allowance attributed to parents adopting children since 2004. The PAJE replaced five previously existing benefits
432:
outlined the general principles that would govern the integration and evolution of social security in post-war France. Indeed, the
1179:
388:
also had, by the 1900s, the most extensive network of child welfare clinics and free or subsidized milk supplies in the world.
164:
151:
436:
of 4 and 19 April 1945, created a generalized, national social security system similar to that described in
Beveridge's plan.
610:
The lone parent allowance granted in case of insufficient resources to persons bearing the burden alone of at least one child
384:, a childbirth assistance program; and on 14 July 1905, an elderly and disabled persons assistance program was initiated.
356:
would thereafter be free from administrative control, and were encouraged by the law of 1 April 1898, referred to as the
520:
2017 : generalization of third-party payment (dispensation of advance fees) to all policyholders. (Decided in 2015)
1169:
501:
25 October 1972 : protection enforcement of salaried farm-workers against work-related accidents, written into law
601:
The special education allowance (AES) awarded to any person who is caring for a disabled child until the 20th birthday
998:
262:
244:
222:
182:
124:
70:
215:
495:
12 July 1966 : established maternity health insurance for non-salaried, non-farm workers, managed by the CANAM
1174:
492:
25 January 1961 : established mandatory health insurance for farmers, allowing them choice among providers.
106:
62:
1053:
604:
The maintenance allowance granted to the surviving spouse or parent or family home to raise an orphaned child
473:
In the following decades, the unified social security program would gradually be extended by various laws:
30:
This article is about a public institution. For information about the French social protection system, see
918:
31:
1111:
1028:
904:
595:
The Family
Complement assigned to the household or the person whose resources do not exceed a ceiling
350:, or societies for mutual support, recognized and strictly regulated by the 1835 Humann law. These
209:
160:
102:
592:
The family allowances granted from the 2nd dependent child, a fixed amount per child from the 3rd
1141:
677:
The income of social security schemes are traditionally divided along the following categories:
483:
10 July 1952 : established mandatory retiree insurance program for farmers, managed by the
867:
National Social security fund for the military (Caisse nationale militaire de sécurité sociale)
452:
448:
226:
942:
893:
Social security system for solicitors and lawyers (régime des clercs et employés de notaires)
523:
2021 : creation of the 5th branch dedicated to the autonomy of the elderly and disabled.
514:
1091:
8:
987:
94:
630:
994:
429:
421:
1096:
924:
Social security system of the port of
Bordeaux (régime du port autonome de Bordeaux)
887:
Fund for gas and electricity workers (régime des industries électriques et gazières)
275:
911:
897:
851:
504:
4 July 1975 : universalized retiree insurance mandatory for working population
425:
417:
406:
839:
307:
296:
890:
National
Institute for Navy (Établissement national des invalides de la marine)
410:
405:, who went on to serve as the French Prime Minister from 1942 to 1944, in the
1163:
1123:
402:
398:
927:
Fund for non-resident French nationals (Caisse des français de l'étranger)
880:
Fund of the independent Paris transportation system (régime spécial de la
1155:
Contains information on social security provisions in France in the 1970s
341:
1004:
559:
another caisse takes over or if the insured person leaves the country.
362:, or Charter of mutuality. The 1898 law establishes the principles of
970:
877:
Mineworkers Social security fund (régime minier de sécurité sociale)
613:
The housing family allowance granted in case of housing insalubrity
477:
9 April 1947 : extended social security to government workers
1150:
Contains information on the history of social security in France
937:
385:
304:
286:
639:
413:
has called Laval "the father of social security" in France.
896:
Social Security system of the Bank of France (régime de la
1054:"Sécurité sociale : un retour à l'équilibre dès 2017"
907:(régime de la Chambre de commerce et d’industrie de Paris)
378:
compensation claims; the law of 27 June 1904, created the
513:
28 July 1999 : the complete institutialization of
1107:
Project for the financement of Social Security in 2009
993:(2nd ed.). Paris: Tallandier. pp. 53–88.
986:
980:
978:
948:Établissement national des invalides de la marine
1161:
1022:"Loi de Financement de la Sécurité Sociale 2012"
381:service départemental d'aide sociale à l'enfance
975:
335:
842:. The 2013 budget is forecast to reach 469 Bn
1142:Overview of the French Social Security System
1124:Portal of the Social Security administrations
872:Société nationale des chemins de fer français
706:Balance of the General Social Security scheme
653:Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées
646:Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées
549:
484:
465:
459:
392:
379:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
317:
311:
280:
105:. There might be a discussion about this on
1062:French Ministry for the Economy and Finance
640:Solidarity allowance for the elderly (ASPA)
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1016:
1014:
984:
368:, as they are found today in French law;
263:Learn how and when to remove this message
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:Learn how and when to remove this message
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
700:
316:. The system is divided into three main
274:
208:This article includes a list of general
1132:Getting informed about Health Insurance
527:
14:
1162:
1011:
708:in billions of euros from 1998 to 2017
27:Overview of social security in France
566:
332:(albeit lower than that in the US).
194:
136:
77:
36:
870:Railway workers fund (Caisse de la
24:
1137:Key French Social Security Figures
921:(régime de l'Assemblée nationale),
857:
214:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1191:
1117:
1086:On the funding of Social Security
439:
52:This article has multiple issues.
967:Foundations of the Welfare State
668:
199:
141:
82:
41:
60:or discuss these issues on the
1112:Report by the Cour des Comptes
1102:The account of Social Security
1046:
960:
917:Social security system of the
910:Social security system of the
903:Social security system of the
420:, the National Council of the
13:
1:
1180:Government agencies of France
953:
588:Family benefits consist of:
336:History of social protection
7:
1027:(in French). Archived from
931:
919:National Assembly of France
828:
823:
818:
806:
801:
796:
786:
783:
780:
772:
769:
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758:
755:
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738:
347:sociétés de secours mutuels
32:Social protection in France
10:
1196:
1080:
663:
643:
628:
624:
532:
486:mutualité sociale agricole
29:
1170:Social security in France
905:Paris Chamber of Commerce
846:and a deficit of 12.6 Bn
696:
583:
550:Universal Health Coverage
409:. As a result, historian
18:Social Security in France
1092:National Assembly report
985:Kupferman, Fred (2015).
155:may need to be rewritten
229:more precise citations.
1175:French economic policy
793:Total (General regime)
709:
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359:Charte de la mutualité
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943:Health care in France
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515:universal health care
428:of British economist
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1064:. September 27, 2016
778:Workplace accidents
528:Allowances by branch
467:régimes particuliers
95:confusing or unclear
815:Total (All systems)
103:clarify the article
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658:Minimum Vieillesse
631:Pensions in France
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279:A building of the
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567:Accidents at work
430:William Beveridge
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399:cooperatives
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159:Please help
154:
152:lead section
121:
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101:Please help
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54:Please help
51:
1127:(in French)
674:low wages.
434:ordonnances
416:During the
342:Middle Ages
227:introducing
1164:Categories
1038:2023-08-19
1005:Cairn.info
954:References
728:Resources
365:mutualisme
313:organismes
210:references
173:March 2013
115:March 2013
97:to readers
57:improve it
971:Pat Thane
750:Pensions
725:Spending
394:mutuelles
371:mutuelles
340:From the
235:June 2018
63:talk page
932:See also
731:Balance
353:sociétés
1081:Sources
1068:June 6,
764:Family
736:Health
685:scheme.
664:Funding
625:Old age
533:Disease
451:of the
319:Regimes
223:improve
93:may be
997:
938:Agessa
753:102,3
745:-11,6
742:141,8
739:153,4
697:Budget
584:Family
426:report
386:France
305:French
297:French
287:Rennes
212:, but
1032:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
830:-25,5
825:402,0
820:427,5
808:-23,9
803:287,5
798:311,5
787:-0,7
784:10,5
781:11,2
773:-2,7
770:50,2
767:52,9
759:-8,9
756:93,4
692:Fund.
555:fee.
489:(MSA)
1070:2017
995:ISBN
882:RATP
650:The
447:The
397:are
329:cost
969:by
285:in
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