20:
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Soil quality is primarily measured by chemical, physical, and biological indicators because soil function cannot easily be measured directly. Each of these categories comprises several indicators that provide insight into overall soil quality. There are very few soil quality monitoring systems that
92:
The physical category of soil quality indicators consists of tests that measure soil texture, bulk density, porosity, water content at saturation, aggregate stability, penetration resistance, and more. These measures provide hydrological information, such the level of water infiltration and water
112:
The movement and biological functions of soil organisms (including earthworms, millipedes, centipedes, ants, and spiders) impact soil processes such as the regulation of soil structure, degradation of contaminants, and nutrient cycling.
130:
Johnson, D. L.; Ambrose, S. H.; Bassett, T. J.; Bowen, M. L.; Crummey, D. E.; Isaacson, J. S.; Johnson, D. N.; Lamb, P.; Saul, M.; Winter-Nelson, A. E. (1997). "Meanings of
Environmental Terms".
373:
M. Sophocleous et al., "A Stand-Alone, In Situ, Soil
Quality Sensing System for Precision Agriculture," in IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics, doi: 10.1109/TAFE.2024.3351953.
232:
261:
Cherubin, MaurĂcio
Roberto; Tormena, CĂĄssio AntĂŽnio; Karlen, Douglas L.; Cherubin, MaurĂcio Roberto; Tormena, CĂĄssio AntĂŽnio; Karlen, Douglas L. (2017).
383:
Rodriguez, Leonardo; SuĂĄrez, Juan Carlos; Pulleman, Mirjam; Guaca, Lised; Rico, Adrian; Romero, Miguel; Quintero, Marcela; Lavelle, Patrick (2021).
1587:
1623:
84:
can provide near real-time information on these indicators but almost all of these systems are currently reported only to the research level.
499:
68:
Soil quality can be evaluated using the Soil
Management Assessment Framework. Soil quality in agricultural terms is measured on a scale of
302:
Hoffmann, Carsten; Schulz, Sina; Eberhardt, Einar; Grosse, Meike; Stein, Susanne; Specka, Xenia; Svoboda, Nikolai; Heinrich, Uwe (2019).
1597:
1703:
859:
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1136:
263:"Soil Quality Evaluation Using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) in Brazilian Oxisols with Contrasting Texture"
248:
1613:
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Soil
Quality and Sustainability Evaluation - An integrated approach to support soil-related policies of the European Union
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60:. Unlike water or air, for which established standards have been set, soil quality is difficult to define or quantify.
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Chemical indicators include pH and nutrient levels. A typical soil test only evaluates chemical soil properties.
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BravoâMedina, C.; GoyesâVera, F.; ArteagaâCrespo, Y.; GarcĂaâQuintana, Y.; Changoluisa, D. (2021-04-15).
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1618:
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585:
590:
468:
Ruiz N, Lavelle P, Jiménez J. 2008. Soil macrofauna field manual. Food and
Agriculture Organization.
332:
1740:
1534:
1156:
424:"A soil quality index for seven productive landscapes in the AndeanâAmazonian foothills of Ecuador"
157:
Karlen, D. L.; Mausbach, M. J.; Doran, J. W.; Cline, R. G.; Harris, R. F.; Schuman, G. E. (1997).
1809:
1151:
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384:
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385:"Agroforestry systems in the Colombian Amazon improve the provision of soil ecosystem services"
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159:"Soil Quality: A Concept, Definition, and Framework for Evaluation (A Guest Editorial)"
35:
239:", EUR 22721 EN. 40 pp. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,
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and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering,
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Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining
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Biological measures include diversity of soil organisms and fungi.
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49:, and providing support for plants and other structures.
156:
304:"Data Standards for Soil- and Agricultural Research"
228:TĂłth, G., Stolbovoy, V. and Montanarella, 2007. "
38:that meet the needs of human and non-human life.
1822:
353:(49 ed.). Soil Science Society of America.
1588:Australian Society of Soil Science Incorporated
1624:National Society of Consulting Soil Scientists
16:Capacity of soil to perform ecosystem services
836:
493:
63:
1805:
843:
829:
500:
486:
470:https://www.fao.org/3/i0211e/i0211e00.htm
278:
150:
1598:Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
18:
1704:Soil Science Society of America Journal
850:
196:
183:10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010001x
163:Soil Science Society of America Journal
1823:
1676:Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
1137:Canadian system of soil classification
824:
481:
348:
267:Revista Brasileira de CiĂȘncia do Solo
202:
144:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600030002x
1778:
1614:International Union of Soil Sciences
344:
342:
53:has a major impact on soil quality.
1641:Soil and Water Conservation Society
222:
205:"Soil Quality: Basics: Definitions"
13:
1121:Unified Soil Classification System
653:Soil retrogression and degradation
428:Land Degradation & Development
351:Methods for Assessing Soil Quality
14:
1852:
1126:AASHTO Soil Classification System
339:
34:based on its capacity to perform
1804:
1789:
1788:
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1669:Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica B
1609:Indian Institute of Soil Science
1593:Canadian Society of Soil Science
1424:
1423:
599:
507:
132:Journal of Environmental Quality
1647:Soil Science Society of America
462:
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1652:World Congress of Soil Science
1636:Soil Science Society of Poland
1142:Australian Soil Classification
1133:(French classification system)
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367:
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254:
123:
1:
663:Soil compaction (agriculture)
116:
104:
401:10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.103933
280:10.1590/18069657rbcs20160148
7:
1604:German Soil Science Society
1162:List of vineyard soil types
96:
87:
30:refers to the condition of
10:
1857:
1783:Knowledge:WikiProject Soil
1619:International Year of Soil
1147:Polish Soil Classification
586:Environmental soil science
312:10.20387/BONARES-ARM4-66M2
64:Indicators of soil quality
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591:Agricultural soil science
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1741:Infiltration (hydrology)
1535:Geotechnical engineering
1157:List of U.S. state soils
93:availability to plants.
56:Soil quality relates to
1810:List of soil scientists
1152:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
1131:Référentiel pédologique
1115:FAO soil classification
349:Doran, John W. (1997).
1581:Societies, Initiatives
803:Soil water (retention)
327:Cite journal requires
24:
23:Testing soil fertility
1836:Environmental science
1800:Category soil science
1484:Soil salinity control
22:
1565:Agricultural science
1459:Soil guideline value
1283:Calcareous grassland
860:World Reference Base
389:Applied Soil Ecology
1661:Scientific journals
852:Soil classification
793:Soil organic matter
754:Pore water pressure
175:1997SSASJ..61....4K
1756:Impervious surface
1036:USDA soil taxonomy
862:for Soil Resources
749:Pore space in soil
692:Soil acidification
648:Soil contamination
235:2013-10-29 at the
36:ecosystem services
25:
1818:
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1449:Soil conservation
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709:Soil biodiversity
556:Soil microbiology
249:978-92-79-05250-7
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1630:OPAL Soil Centre
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786:Soil respiration
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440:10.1002/ldr.3897
434:(6): 2226â2241.
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1751:Crust (geology)
1731:Land management
1726:Land conversion
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1555:Earth materials
1503:
1489:Erosion control
1474:Soil governance
1454:Soil management
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1388:Subaqueous soil
1373:Serpentine soil
1233:Parent material
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729:Soil resilience
658:Soil compaction
626:Soil morphology
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209:soilquality.org
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51:Soil management
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1683:Plant and Soil
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1363:Prime farmland
1360:
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1318:Fuller's earth
1315:
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1690:Pochvovedenie
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1429:Types of soil
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675:Soil salinity
673:
671:
668:
664:
661:
660:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
637:
634:
632:
631:Pedodiversity
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
617:
614:
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592:
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587:
584:
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579:
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360:9780891188261
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184:
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137:
133:
126:
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114:
110:
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94:
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79:
75:
74:Bodenwertzahl
71:
61:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1550:Biogeography
1545:Hydrogeology
1520:Geochemistry
1442:Applications
1338:Martian soil
766:Soil horizon
739:Soil texture
714:Soil quality
713:
670:Soil sealing
643:Soil erosion
571:Soil physics
566:Soil ecology
561:Soil zoology
551:Soil biology
509:Soil science
464:
431:
427:
417:
392:
388:
378:
369:
350:
320:cite journal
297:
270:
266:
256:
224:
212:. Retrieved
208:
198:
186:. Retrieved
166:
162:
152:
135:
131:
125:
111:
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100:
91:
82:
73:
67:
55:
43:biodiversity
40:
28:Soil quality
27:
26:
1746:Groundwater
1560:Archaeology
1494:Agroecology
1464:Soil survey
1403:Terra rossa
1398:Terra preta
1378:Spodic soil
1298:Duplex soil
1278:Brown earth
1258:Alkali soil
1248:Rhizosphere
1243:Laimosphere
1117:(1974â1998)
1074:Inceptisols
981:Plinthosols
946:Kastanozems
776:Soil carbon
699:Soil health
680:Alkali soil
609:Soil topics
534:Main fields
203:USDA NRCS.
169:(1): 4â10.
1825:Categories
1736:Vegetation
1479:Soil value
1383:Stagnogley
1333:Lunar soil
1288:Dark earth
1273:Brickearth
1238:Pedosphere
1208:Soil crust
1016:Technosols
1001:Solonchaks
921:Ferralsols
886:Anthrosols
761:Soil crust
734:Soil color
719:Soil value
621:Pedosphere
546:Edaphology
395:: 103933.
241:Luxembourg
138:(3): 581.
117:References
105:Biological
70:soil value
1765:Petrichor
1540:Hydrology
1525:Petrology
1469:Soil test
1368:Quicksand
1313:Fill dirt
1253:Bulk soil
1099:Vertisols
1089:Spodosols
1079:Mollisols
1069:Histosols
1054:Aridisols
1026:Vertisols
1021:Umbrisols
1011:Stagnosol
976:Planosols
971:Phaeozems
951:Leptosols
936:Gypsisols
926:Fluvisols
906:Chernozem
901:Cambisols
896:Calcisols
891:Arenosols
815:Soil type
704:Soil life
456:233974087
448:1085-3278
409:233583678
289:0100-0683
1841:Pedology
1831:Agronomy
1721:Land use
1714:See also
1570:Agrology
1353:Paleosol
1268:Blue goo
1223:Gypcrust
1094:Ultisols
1064:Gelisols
1059:Entisols
1049:Andisols
1044:Alfisols
1006:Solonetz
996:Retisols
991:Regosols
966:Nitisols
961:Luvisols
956:Lixisols
941:Histosol
931:Gleysols
916:Durisols
911:Cryosols
881:Andosols
871:Acrisols
781:Soil gas
541:Pedology
233:Archived
97:Chemical
88:Physical
1798:
1600:(India)
1515:Geology
1303:Eluvium
1263:Bay mud
1228:Caliche
1218:Hardpan
1213:Claypan
1203:Subsoil
1198:Topsoil
1084:Oxisols
986:Podzols
876:Alisols
864:(1998â)
687:Soil pH
520:History
214:21 June
188:21 June
171:Bibcode
78:Germany
1787:
1413:Yedoma
1348:Muskeg
454:
446:
407:
357:
287:
247:
1393:Takir
1328:Loess
525:Index
452:S2CID
405:S2CID
76:) in
1643:(US)
1632:(UK)
1626:(US)
1358:Peat
1193:Loam
1188:Clay
1183:Silt
1178:Sand
616:Soil
444:ISSN
355:ISBN
333:help
285:ISSN
245:ISBN
216:2017
190:2017
32:soil
1343:Mud
436:doi
397:doi
393:164
308:doi
275:doi
179:doi
140:doi
1827::
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72:(
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