218:
56:
434:
3952:《汉书·杨胡朱梅云传》：初，武帝时，始封周后姬嘉为周子南君，至元帝时，尊周子南君为周承休侯，位次诸侯王。使诸大夫博士求殷后，分散为十余姓，郡国往往得其大家，推求子孙，绝不能纪。时，匡衡议，以为"王者存二王后，所以尊其先王而通三统也。其犯诛绝之罪者绝，而更封他亲为始封君，上承其王者之始祖。《春秋》之义，诸侯不能守其社稷者绝。今宋国已不守其统而失国矣，则宜更立殷后为始封君，而上承汤统，非当继宋之绝侯也，宜明得殷后而已。今之故宋，推求其嫡，久远不可得；虽得其嫡，嫡之先已绝，不当得立。《礼记》孔子曰：'丘，殷人也。'先师所共传，宜以孔子世为汤后。"上以其语不经，遂见寝。
635:, managed to usurp the throne. In 328, Dai Yan, a younger brother of Ticheng, took the throne and declared himself to be King Kang of Song, with Ticheng murdered or exiled. The king was ambitious and had succeeded in beating troops from Chu,
3790:
by the
Eastern Han dynasty because he was part of the Shang dynasty's legacy. This branch of the Kong family is a separate branch from the line that held the title of Marquis of Fengsheng village and later Duke Yansheng.
3873:
Eno concludes of
Confucius's ancestry that the descent from Song nobility has been constructed to serve an ideological purpose. However he rejects the stronger statement that Confucius's
543:
to continue offering sacrifices to their ancestors. As a result, for a time Shang became a vassal state of Zhou, with the Shang heir Wu Geng allowed to continue ancestor worship at
188:
3721:
3547:
3374:
632:
4569:
2534:
2036:
2020:
2004:
1839:
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1823:
1088:
713:
3118:
2980:
2826:
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1680:
1099:
1011:
3643:
3523:
3390:
2550:
2386:
1410:
1286:
955:
899:
1696:
1550:
1348:
1224:
1167:
4559:
4549:
4202:
3994:
4554:
4564:
3780:
407:
652:
3937:
55:
565:
A sign of its descent from the Shang is that the state of Song in its early period followed the succession principle of
550:
However, after King Wu's death, Wu Geng fomented a rebellion with an alliance of eastern states, and was killed by the
3987:
651:, which had been an ally of Song, refused to intervene for strategic and diplomatic reasons after being convinced by
3760:
is traditionally considered to have been a descendant of the Dukes of Song. His descendants hold the honorary title
4544:
4132:
647:. However, the kingdom was finally annexed by Qi in 286, with troops from Chu and Wei serving on behalf of Qi.
334:
4197:
386:
4342:
4192:
3980:
3879:
Jensen, Lionel (1995). "Wise man of the wilds: fatherlessness, fertility, and the mythic exemplar Kongzi".
415:
4454:
4011:
280:
4574:
3785:
794:
Duke Zhao II 宋昭公 (De 得), 450–404, great-grandson of Duke Yuan; possibly 468–404, making him one of the
655:
from Wei. Su's predictions were proven correct and Qin benefited from the downfall of its former ally.
4242:
4222:
3824:
3808:
795:
773:
Yu, Duke of Song 宋公禦, younger brother of the above, assassinated less than one month after accession.
662:
references this state in the chapter "Obvious
Existence of Ghosts", in which he mentions a number of
3776:
534:
155:
4003:
3927:
4539:
4381:
3812:
570:
473:
445:
90:
69:
4484:
4459:
4403:
4390:
588:
480:
is traditionally considered to have been a descendant of a Song nobleman who moved to the
8:
4292:
4172:
4167:
4046:
3847:
Eno, Robert (2003). "The background of the Kong family of Lu and the origins of Ruism".
4237:
3896:
3864:
2208:
764:
611:
521:
492:
370:
362:
4509:
4357:
3933:
3564:
813:
566:
318:
310:
3888:
3856:
618:
by some, but was unable to maintain that role. He eventually fell to the troops of
259:
236:
94:
3965:
AEEA (Activities of
Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 23 日
3964:
4352:
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517:
457:
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4533:
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4217:
4182:
4096:
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888:
694:
615:
562:, the 'hill of Shang', where the capital of the new state of Song was built.
555:
540:
461:
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217:
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528:, the victor was honor-bound by a stricture of feudal etiquette known as
500:
481:
469:
400:
223:
3929:
A Biographical
Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD)
3900:
3868:
597:), a leading warrior—empowered Song to manipulate the administration of
4464:
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4408:
4317:
4302:
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758:
You, Duke of Song 宋公游, assassinated less than 3 months after accession.
675:
640:
181:
137:
631:), a distant relative of the ruling royal line and once a minister of
4142:
3757:
717:
690:
Unless otherwise indicated, the ruler is the son of his predecessor.
477:
327:
810:
Lord
Ticheng of Song 宋剔成君, 369–329, descendant of the 11th duke, Dai
761:
Duke Huan I 宋桓公 (Yuyue 御說), 681–651, younger brother of Duke Min II
559:
453:
348:
79:
4362:
510:
581:
In 701 BC, a political marriage between Lady Yong of Song (
698:
98:
4162:
4157:
544:
391:
4494:
4337:
779:
Duke Wen 宋文公 (Bao 鮑), 610–589, younger brother of the above
659:
496:
24:
816:宋王偃, King Kang 宋康王, 328–286, younger brother of the above
746:
Duke Mu 宋穆公 (He 和), 728–720, younger brother of the above
412:
367:
353:
339:
776:
Duke Zhao I 宋昭公 (Chujiu 杵臼), 619–611, son of Duke Cheng
509:), later rulers of Zhou's vassal state Song, father of
315:
299:
285:
271:
3877:
is also fabricated, as proposed by Creel and Jensen.
3753:
Family tree of
Confucius in the main line of descent
614:, who reigned from 651 to 637. He was considered a
722:Duke Yang 宋煬公 (Xi 熙), younger brother of the above
703:Weizhong 微仲 (Yan 衍), younger brother of the above
4531:
3988:
626:
605:
592:
582:
504:
241:
38:
4570:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in China
3925:
3919:
3914:. New York City: John Day. pp. 297–298.
610:) died, leaving the district to be ruled by
697:(Qi 啟), brother of the last king of Shang,
4002:
3995:
3981:
216:
60:Map of Zhou dynasty states, including Song
54:
554:. Another Shang royal family descendant,
468:in 1046 BC. It was conquered by the
437:Chinese states in the 5th century BC
725:Duke Li 宋厲公 (Fusi 鮒祀), son of Duke Min I
432:
4560:11th-century BC establishments in China
3926:de Crespigny, Rafe (28 December 2006).
3887:. Cambridge University Press: 407–437.
591:—as well as the capture of Zhai Zhong (
499:—who was said in legends to have ruled
16:Feudal state in the Zhou dynasty, China
4550:States of the Spring and Autumn period
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895:
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844:
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840:
838:
836:
807:Duke Huan II 宋桓公 (Bibing 辟兵), 372–370
770:Duke Cheng 宋成公 (Wangchen 王臣), 636–620
3855:. Cambridge University Press: 1–41.
3794:
3769:"Duke Who Continues and Honours the
503:in the 11th century BCE—and Zi Yan (
4555:States of the Warring States period
3846:
456:. The state was founded soon after
19:For the later Chinese dynasty, see
13:
3837:
791:Duke Jing 宋景公 (Touman 頭曼), 516–451
14:
4586:
801:Duke Dao 宋悼公 (Gouyou 購由), 403–396
752:Duke Zhuang 宋莊公 (Feng 馮), 710–692
749:Duke Shang 宋殤公 (Yuyi 與夷), 719–711
712:Duke Min I 宋湣公 (Gong 共), alleged
4565:3rd-century BC disestablishments
3799:Song is represented by the star
785:Duke Ping 宋平公 (Cheng 成), 575–532
755:Duke Min II 宋閔公 (Jie 捷), 691–682
740:Duke Wu 宋武公 (Sikong 司空), 765–748
680:Spring and Autumn Annals of Song
524:, marking the transition to the
186:
49:11th century BC–286 BC
3912:Confucius: the Man and the Myth
539:to allow the defeated house of
413:
392:
368:
354:
340:
3955:
3946:
3767:The title of Duke of Song and
3746:
820:
804:Duke Xiu 宋休公 (Tian 田), 395–373
788:Duke Yuan 宋元公 (Zuo 佐), 531–517
782:Duke Gong 宋共公 (Xia 瑕), 588–576
731:Duke Hui 宋惠公 (Jian 覵), 830–800
316:
300:
286:
272:
242:
1:
3830:
743:Duke Xuan 宋宣公 (Li 力), 747–729
7:
3818:
728:Duke Xi 宋僖公 (Ju 舉), 859–831
604:In 651, Duke Huan of Song (
495:was the younger brother of
472:in 286 BC, during the
230:(bottom) Chinese characters
10:
4591:
3750:
576:
493:King Zhou of Shang, Di Xin
18:
4437:
4389:
4380:
4105:
4019:
4010:
3893:10.1017/S0362502800004570
3861:10.1017/S0362502800000651
3825:Marquis of Extended Grace
3809:Heavenly Market enclosure
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2097:
2095:
2093:
2070:
2068:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1874:
1872:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1791:
1789:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1731:
1729:
1664:
1662:
1658:
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1610:
1606:
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1526:
1524:
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1506:
1504:
1502:
1496:
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1480:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1384:
1382:
1322:
1320:
1260:
1258:
1198:
1196:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
988:
986:
978:
976:
932:
930:
922:
920:
872:
870:
868:
858:
854:
852:
850:
796:longest-reigning monarchs
685:
666:, including those of the
627:
606:
593:
583:
505:
487:
427:
406:
399:
385:
378:
361:
347:
333:
326:
309:
293:
279:
265:
258:
253:
249:
235:
215:
211:
206:
161:
151:
147:
134:
124:
120:
112:
104:
86:
75:
65:
53:
48:
39:
32:
3932:. Brill. pp. 389–.
664:Spring and Autumn Annals
522:the last ruler of Shang
4545:Ancient Chinese states
4004:Ancient Chinese states
709:Duke Ding 宋丁公 (Shen 申)
558:, was granted land at
438:
3813:Chinese constellation
3779:) were bestowed upon
737:Duke Dai 宋戴公, 799–766
625:In 355, Dai Ticheng (
571:agnatic primogeniture
474:Warring States period
446:ancient Chinese state
436:
91:Chinese folk religion
706:Ji, Duke of Song 宋公稽
589:Duke Zhuang of Zheng
452:with its capital at
408:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
136:• Conquered by
130:11th century BC
3875:immediate parentage
126:• Established
767:(Zifu 茲父), 650–637
682:has not survived.
439:
222:"Song" in ancient
4575:Former monarchies
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4376:
4375:
3939:978-90-474-1184-0
3795:Song in astronomy
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
814:Yan, King of Song
567:agnatic seniority
464:to establish the
431:
430:
423:
422:
335:Yale Romanization
260:Standard Mandarin
226:(top) and modern
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
4582:
4387:
4386:
4017:
4016:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3908:Creel, Herlee G.
3904:
3872:
3844:
3803:in the asterism
3789:
834:
833:
825:
824:
734:Duke Ai 宋哀公, 799
658:The philosopher
630:
629:
609:
608:
596:
595:
586:
585:
538:
508:
507:
419:
418:
417:
395:
394:
374:
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372:
357:
356:
343:
342:
322:
321:
320:
305:
304:
303:
289:
288:
275:
274:
251:
250:
245:
244:
220:
204:
203:
190:
189:
178:
177:
163:
162:
95:ancestor worship
58:
43:
42:
41:
30:
29:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4519:
4433:
4372:
4101:
4006:
4001:
3971:
3970:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3924:
3920:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3821:
3797:
3783:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3727:
3725:
3649:
3647:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3551:
3529:
3527:
3396:
3394:
3380:
3378:
3124:
3122:
3003:
3001:
2986:
2984:
2973:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2589:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2540:
2538:
2392:
2390:
2376:
2374:
2241:
2214:
2212:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2008:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1827:
1702:
1700:
1686:
1684:
1581:
1556:
1554:
1416:
1414:
1354:
1352:
1292:
1290:
1230:
1228:
1171:
1103:
1092:
1015:
959:
903:
892:
823:
688:
579:
573:like the Zhou.
532:
518:King Wu of Zhou
490:
458:King Wu of Zhou
301:
281:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
231:
187:
140:
127:
61:
44:
37:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4588:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4384:
4382:Warring States
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
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4325:
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4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
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4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
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4215:
4210:
4205:
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4185:
4180:
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4165:
4160:
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4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
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4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
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4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
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4034:
4029:
4023:
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4014:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3968:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3918:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3817:
3796:
3793:
3751:Main article:
3748:
3745:
3739:
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3710:
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3404:
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3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
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3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
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3276:
3274:
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3259:
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3255:
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3250:
3248:
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3225:
3223:
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3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
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3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
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3167:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
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3093:
3091:
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3027:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2977:
2975:
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2178:
2176:
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2160:
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2156:
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2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
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2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
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2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
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2077:
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2017:
2015:
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1997:
1995:
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1931:
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1911:
1909:
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1328:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:
952:
950:
947:
945:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
908:
906:
905:
896:
894:
885:
883:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
862:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
830:
829:
822:
819:
818:
817:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
710:
707:
704:
701:
687:
684:
578:
575:
569:, rather than
530:Er Wang San Ke
489:
486:
460:conquered the
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
420:
410:
404:
403:
397:
396:
389:
383:
382:
376:
375:
365:
359:
358:
351:
345:
344:
337:
331:
330:
328:Yue: Cantonese
324:
323:
313:
307:
306:
297:
291:
290:
283:
277:
276:
269:
263:
262:
256:
255:
254:Transcriptions
247:
246:
239:
233:
232:
221:
213:
212:
209:
208:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
184:
175:
172:
171:
166:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
88:
84:
83:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4587:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3966:
3958:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3922:
3916:Cited in Eno.
3913:
3909:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3836:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3765:
3763:
3762:Duke Yansheng
3759:
3754:
3744:
3734:
3731:
3724:
3723:
3694:
3692:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3646:
3645:
3616:
3614:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3566:
3557:
3550:
3549:
3533:
3526:
3525:
3496:
3493:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3418:
3416:
3400:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3347:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3314:
3306:
3277:
3275:
3226:
3224:
3168:
3166:
3128:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3104:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3052:
3044:
3042:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2962:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2939:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2907:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2879:
2868:
2866:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2807:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2766:
2758:
2737:
2735:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2675:
2672:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2632:
2616:
2595:
2593:
2560:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2523:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2460:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2432:
2421:
2419:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2268:
2247:
2245:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2192:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2125:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2076:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1812:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1767:
1759:
1736:
1734:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1585:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1531:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1446:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1391:
1389:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1329:
1327:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1288:
1267:
1265:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1205:
1203:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1151:
1148:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1013:
995:
993:
965:
963:
958:
957:
939:
937:
909:
907:
902:
901:
891:
890:
877:
874:
866:
864:
863:
856:
848:
846:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
719:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
700:
696:
693:
692:
691:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
643:and annexing
642:
638:
634:
623:
621:
617:
613:
602:
600:
590:
574:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
502:
498:
494:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Shang dynasty
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
426:
411:
409:
405:
402:
398:
390:
388:
384:
381:
377:
371:
366:
364:
360:
352:
350:
346:
338:
336:
332:
329:
325:
319:
314:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
284:
282:
278:
270:
268:
264:
261:
257:
252:
248:
240:
238:
234:
229:
225:
219:
214:
210:
205:
185:
183:
180:
179:
176:
174:
173:
170:
167:
165:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
133:
129:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
57:
52:
47:
31:
26:
22:
4540:Song (state)
4485:Western Zhou
4474:
4460:Eastern Zhou
4438:Minor states
4391:Seven states
4106:Minor states
4071:
4020:Major states
4012:Zhou dynasty
3962:(in Chinese)
3957:
3948:
3928:
3921:
3911:
3884:
3880:
3852:
3848:
3804:
3801:Eta Ophiuchi
3798:
3768:
3766:
3756:
3742:
3729:
3722:Duke Huan II
3720:
3651:
3642:
3572:
3563:
3555:
3548:Lord Ticheng
3546:
3531:
3522:
3398:
3389:
3382:
3375:Duke Zhao II
3373:
3126:
3117:
2988:
2979:
2834:
2825:
2702:
2693:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2369:
2216:
2207:
2044:
2035:
2028:
2019:
2012:
2003:
1847:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1558:
1549:
1418:
1409:
1356:
1347:
1294:
1285:
1232:
1223:
1166:
1098:
1087:
1010:
954:
898:
887:
689:
679:
663:
657:
633:Duke Huan II
624:
603:
580:
564:
552:Duke of Zhou
549:
526:Zhou dynasty
515:
491:
466:Zhou dynasty
450:Zhou dynasty
441:
440:
380:Southern Min
267:Hanyu Pinyin
169:Succeeded by
168:
156:Chinese coin
21:Song dynasty
4153:Western Guo
4148:Eastern Guo
3881:Early China
3849:Early China
3784: [
3747:Descendants
2535:Duke Zhao I
2037:Duke Huan I
2021:Duke Min II
1840:Duke Zhuang
828:Song state
821:Family tree
533: [
501:Gija Joseon
482:state of Lu
470:state of Qi
448:during the
401:Old Chinese
224:seal script
143:286 BC
4534:Categories
3831:References
2371:Duke Cheng
2209:Duke Xiang
1824:Duke Shang
1089:Duke Min I
765:Duke Xiang
612:Duke Xiang
520:overthrew
295:Wade–Giles
182:Qi (state)
105:Government
4510:Zhongshan
4358:Zhongshan
3805:Left Wall
3758:Confucius
3730:363-356BC
3652:385-363BC
3573:329-286BC
3532:404-385BC
3383:469-404BC
3127:517-469BC
3119:Duke Jing
2989:532-517BC
2981:Duke Yuan
2835:576-532BC
2827:Duke Ping
2703:589-576BC
2695:Duke Gong
2559:611-589BC
2543:620-611BC
2379:637-620BC
2217:651-637BC
2045:682-651BC
2029:692-682BC
1848:710-692BC
1832:720-710BC
1705:729-720BC
1689:748-729BC
1681:Duke Xuan
1559:766-748BC
1419:800-766BC
1357:801-800BC
1295:831-801BC
1233:859-831BC
1100:Duke Yang
1012:Duke Ding
718:Confucius
478:Confucius
87:Religion
4173:Han (SE)
4168:Han (NW)
3910:(1949).
3901:23351776
3869:23354229
3819:See also
3644:Duke Xiu
3524:Duke Dao
2551:Duke Wen
1411:Duke Dai
1287:Duke Hui
900:Weizhong
714:ancestor
560:Shangqiu
454:Shangqiu
349:Jyutping
152:Currency
108:Monarchy
80:Shangqiu
4363:Zhoulai
4353:Zhongli
3781:Kong An
3556:356-329
3004:?-522BC
2974:?-547BC
2720:?-576BC
2713:?-586BC
2590:?-619BC
2581:?-619BC
2574:?-609BC
2567:?-619BC
2242:?-620BC
1697:Duke Mu
1551:Duke Wu
1349:Duke Ai
1225:Duke Xi
1168:Duke Li
616:hegemon
577:History
511:Wu Geng
444:was an
237:Chinese
228:regular
113:History
76:Capital
3936:
3905:p. 409
3899:
3867:
699:Di Xin
686:Rulers
678:. The
674:, and
653:Su Dai
587:) and
516:After
488:Origin
387:Tâi-lô
116:
99:Taoism
66:Status
4505:Zheng
4218:Liang
4183:Huang
4163:Guzhu
4158:Gumie
4097:Zheng
3897:JSTOR
3865:JSTOR
3811:(see
3788:]
3399:469BC
2395:620BC
2013:682BC
2005:Ziyou
889:Weizi
695:Weizi
599:Zheng
556:Weizi
541:Shang
537:]
497:Zi Qi
416:ˤuŋ-s
414:*
355:Sung3
70:State
4495:Yiqu
4480:Teng
4475:Song
4429:Zhao
4348:Zeng
4338:Yiqu
4333:Ying
4328:Yang
4313:Xing
4308:Xian
4298:Teng
4293:Tang
4278:Shěn
4273:Shēn
4258:Quan
4243:Peng
4223:Liao
4138:Deng
4123:Chao
4072:Song
4037:Chen
3934:ISBN
3777:殷紹嘉公
3552:宋剔成君
3143:公子褍秦
3000:公子御戎
2709:公子围龟
2588:公孙钟离
1575:皇父充石
668:Zhou
660:Mozi
645:Teng
639:and
442:Song
393:Sòng
341:Sung
302:Sung
287:Sonq
273:Sòng
207:Song
82:(商丘)
34:Song
25:song
23:and
4515:Zou
4500:Yue
4490:Wey
4470:Shu
4455:Dai
4450:Cai
4424:Yan
4419:Wei
4414:Qin
4404:Han
4399:Chu
4368:Zou
4288:Tan
4283:Sui
4268:Ruo
4263:Rui
4233:Luo
4213:Lai
4203:Jia
4188:Huo
4178:Hua
4133:Dai
4128:Dao
4118:Bei
4092:Yue
4087:Yan
4077:Wey
4067:Shu
4062:Qin
4047:Jin
4042:Chu
4032:Cao
4027:Cai
3889:doi
3857:doi
3815:).
3771:Yin
3726:宋桓公
3648:宋休公
3569:宋康王
3565:Yan
3528:宋悼公
3379:宋昭公
3252:公孙周
3138:母弟辰
3133:公子地
3123:宋景公
2995:公子城
2985:宋元公
2972:太子痤
2841:褚师段
2831:宋平公
2718:公子肥
2699:宋共公
2572:母弟须
2565:公子卬
2555:宋文公
2539:宋昭公
2375:宋成公
2240:公孙固
2233:向父肹
2228:公子鳞
2223:公子荡
2213:宋襄公
2058:公子成
2051:右师戊
2041:宋桓公
2025:宋闵公
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1844:宋庄公
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1711:华父督
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1685:宋宣公
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1229:宋僖公
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1093:宋湣公
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960:宋公稽
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637:Wei
628:戴剔成
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