306:
503:
326:
739:, has not been surprising. But within the Sorbian homelands, there has also been a decrease in Sorbian identity and language use. In 2008, Sorbs protested three kinds of pressures against Sorbs: "(1.) the destruction of Sorbian and German-Sorbian villages as a result of lignite mining; (2.) the cuts in the network of Sorbian schools in Saxony; (3.) the reduction of financial resources for the Sorbian institutions by central government."
43:
2596:
750:
in which speakers have the option to use either language, and there is a disruption of the patterns by which the
Sorbian language has traditionally been transmitted to the next generation. Also, there is no strong written tradition and there is not a broadly accepted formal standardized form of the
547:
in the 5th and 6th centuries CE, the
Sorbian language (or its predecessors) had been in use in much of what was the southern half of Eastern Germany for several centuries. The language still had its stronghold in (Upper and Lower) Lusatia, where it enjoys national protection and fostering to the
641:. According to some researchers the archaeological data cannot confirm the thesis about a single linguistic group yet supports the claim about two separated ethno-cultural groups with different ancestry whose respective territories correspond to Tornow-type ceramics (Lower Sorbian language) and
2224:. The oldest written record of Sorbian dates from the 15th century, although the languages, differing mostly in their sound systems, are known to have begun to diverge around the 13th century. Upper Sorbian enjoyed a considerable amount of prestige in
305:
616:
languages. Furthermore, while some consider it a single language which later diverged to two major dialects, others consider these dialects two separate languages. There exist significant differences in
704:, however no speakers remain there. Until 1949, newspapers were published in Sorbian. The local dialect was heavily influenced by surrounding speakers of German and
3643:
2499:
De
Meulder, Maartje, Eduard Werner, and Danny De Weerdt. "Comparing Minority Languages-a Case Study of Flemish Sign Language and Upper Sorbian."
2541:
2584:
751:
language(s). There is a perception of the loss of language rights, and there are negative attitudes towards the languages and their speakers.
735:
The use of
Sorbian languages has been contracting for a number of years. The loss of Sorbian language use in emigrant communities, such as in
2562:
2366:
337:
2797:
2516:
Werner, Eduard. Evaluating linguistic variation in light of sparse data in the case of
Sorbian. Matt Coler and Andrew Nevins, eds.,
3013:
2382:
742:
A study of Upper
Sorbian found a number of trends that go against language vitality. There are policies that have led to "unstable
107:
3638:
683:
is the centre of Upper
Sorbian culture. Bilingual signs can be seen around the city, including the name of the city, "Bautzen/
567:) were heterogeneous groups and tribes of Slavic peoples living near Germanic settlement areas, in the area west of the River
79:
2409:
2272:
668:
In
Germany, Upper and Lower Sorbian are officially recognized and protected as minority languages. In the officially defined
86:
3498:
2577:
2463:
2315:"Les Sorabes de l'ex-R.D.A. après la fin du communisme: La recomposition territoriale du plus petit des Peuples Slaves"
60:
3516:
126:
779:; very few living Indo-European languages retain this as a productive feature of the grammar. For example, the word
502:
2125:
93:
17:
2176:
2871:
2814:
657:
3738:
2790:
2488:
LĚTOPIS. Zeitschrift für sorbische
Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur. Časopis za rěč, stawizny a kulturu Łužiskich
2204:
languages or dialects; their small number of speakers in eastern
Germany are the survivors of a more extensive
64:
2486:
p. 154. Mieczkowska, Małgorzata. "Protestdemonstrationen der Sorben–eine Form der politischen Kommunikation."
75:
3743:
2570:
2592:
3633:
1255:
The following is selected vocabulary from the two Sorbian languages compared with other Slavic languages.
3628:
3256:
2823:
2714:
3753:
3728:
3663:
3101:
2659:
410:
2167:
3420:
2783:
760:
3748:
3460:
622:
3521:
3438:
3366:
3157:
3114:
2830:
2536:
669:
512:
402:
218:
53:
2383:
https://www.zeit.de/zett/2016-01/leipziger-institut-wehrt-sich-gegen-das-aussterben-von-sprachen
3358:
3291:
3286:
3251:
3210:
2981:
2686:
2681:
2654:
2615:
2314:
2236:, both Upper and Lower Sorbian have been taught in the schools of the Sorbian areas since 1948.
2221:
2209:
638:
630:
613:
455:
441:
374:
370:
362:
354:
263:
258:
223:
169:
155:
100:
605:
3551:
3505:
3430:
3408:
3323:
3312:
3120:
3092:
3071:
2882:
2837:
2370:
2276:
2201:
609:
601:
398:
378:
233:
3567:
3061:
3031:
2990:
2910:
2760:
2600:
2553:
693:
is considered the cultural centre of Lower Sorbian; there, too, bilingual signs are found.
8:
3668:
3577:
3376:
3343:
3244:
3234:
3203:
3003:
2890:
2853:
2842:
2130:
1330:
1275:
3239:
3176:
3151:
2998:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2919:
2719:
2709:
2346:
2229:
1325:
1305:
1280:
597:
406:
3653:
296:
3688:
3678:
3539:
3455:
3393:
3296:
3261:
3218:
3192:
3138:
3133:
3056:
3021:
2940:
2863:
2741:
2649:
2405:
2338:
2290:
2162:
1310:
1300:
846:
802:
701:
552:
437:
3040:
3673:
3609:
3413:
3127:
3078:
3066:
3051:
2930:
2925:
2806:
2731:
2438:
2330:
2280:
2120:
1320:
1285:
798:
705:
573:
532:
520:
228:
31:
3693:
3491:
3450:
3443:
3197:
3187:
3162:
3145:
2935:
2903:
2858:
2848:
2671:
2644:
2619:
2530:
2395:
2233:
1315:
1295:
826:
821:
747:
653:
491:
213:
719:) once denoted "Slav(ic)" generally; they are today mostly replaced by "Sorbs" (
3733:
3708:
3683:
3476:
3398:
3388:
3331:
3109:
3046:
2949:
2748:
2736:
2704:
2213:
1290:
1270:
646:
634:
578:
2544:, introductory texts of the lessons included in the Sorbian language textbook
3722:
3658:
3648:
3348:
3224:
2969:
2895:
2342:
2294:
2267:(Les minorités nationales et ethniques: Entre renouvellement et permanence).
851:
841:
831:
736:
697:
680:
672:, both languages are recognized as second official languages next to German.
642:
586:
507:
2334:
3266:
2726:
2135:
656:. From the 13th century on, the language suffered official discrimination.
536:
516:
405:
and are therefore closely related to the other two West Slavic subgroups:
282:
3595:
3582:
2428:. Cornell University Press. pp. 64–65, 77–78, 104–105. ISBN 9780801439773
2285:
2256:
2232:
attempted to suppress Lower Sorbian. Although all Sorbs today also speak
2205:
836:
593:
540:
465:
3336:
2350:
3532:
3511:
3403:
2753:
2666:
814:
696:
Sorbian was also spoken in the small Sorbian ("Wendish") settlement of
386:
3557:
3383:
3371:
2518:
Contemporary research in minoritized and diaspora languages of Europe
2426:
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
2268:
2172:
772:
743:
618:
290:
276:
272:
325:
42:
3602:
3526:
3484:
2775:
592:
The exact origin of the Sorbian language is uncertain. While some
3589:
3545:
2595:
2381:"Seltenes Studienfach: Entschuldigung, sprechen Sie Sorbisch?" -
768:
690:
676:
626:
582:
469:
426:
394:
390:
315:
193:
525:
Germanische und slavische Volksstämme zwischen Elbe und Weichsel
2225:
2217:
556:
451:
334:
421:, the earliest Slavic people in modern Poland and Germany) or
2326:
652:
Outside Lusatia, the Sorbian language has been superseded by
560:
544:
418:
382:
181:
776:
764:
568:
2402:
Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku (Slavs in Early Middle Ages)
468:. The area where the two languages are spoken is known as
333:
Sorbian is classified as Definitely Endangered by the
581:
in the north and by others, such as the Sorbs and the
413:. Historically, the languages have also been known as
2404:]. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga. pp. 191–205.
727:) with reference to Sorbian communities in Germany.
27:
West Slavic language group spoken in Lusatia, Europe
792:
786:
780:
684:
479:
473:
459:
445:
161:
147:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2212:speech area is Bautzen, near the border with the
660:provided the foundations for its writing system.
3720:
596:consider it to be a transitory language between
2277:Fondation Universitaire/Universitaire Stichting
436:The two Sorbian languages, each having its own
2308:
2306:
2304:
645:(Upper Sorbian language), both derivations of
535:(the part largely corresponding to the former
2791:
2578:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
608:consider it a separate dialectical group of
485:
2501:Europäisches Journal für Minderheitenfragen
2464:"Sorbs: The ethnic minority inside Germany"
2301:
551:For people living in the medieval Northern
450:), spoken by about 20,000–25,000 people in
2798:
2784:
2585:
2571:
2241:
663:
2531:Online course for Upper and Lower Sorbian
2284:
2148:
629:between them. Several characteristics in
612:which is a mixture of Proto-Lechitic and
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1250:
501:
338:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2362:
2360:
2312:
555:and its precursors, especially for the
14:
3721:
3639:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
2257:"Les Sorabes: Une minorité invisible?"
797:for more than two hands. As with most
759:Both Upper and Lower Sorbian have the
754:
2779:
2566:
2394:Sedov, Valentin Vasilyevich (2013) .
2393:
2273:National Fund for Scientific Research
2254:
531:After the settlement of the formerly
2805:
2520:(2022): 281–302. Online open access.
2387:
2357:
730:
600:and other non-Lechitic languages of
377:, two closely related and partially
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
2558:, journal devoted to Sorbian topics
2461:
2329:: Institut d'Études Slaves: 55–68.
464:), spoken by about 7,000 people in
314: The Sorbian-speaking area in
24:
2208:language group. The centre of the
25:
3765:
2524:
2261:Belgeo: Revue Belge de Géographie
2594:
2126:List of Sorbian-language writers
397:. They are classified under the
324:
304:
41:
2493:
2480:
658:Bible translations into Sorbian
389:ethno-cultural minority in the
52:needs additional citations for
3499:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
2455:
2431:
2418:
2397:Славяне в раннем Средневековье
2375:
633:indicate a close proximity to
13:
1:
2510:
2313:Sanguin, André-Louis (1996).
2177:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2141:
689:". To the north, the city of
205:
3634:Slavic second palatalization
2546:Curs practic de limba sorabă
2503:10, no. 3-4 (2017): 285-321.
746:". There has been a loss of
7:
3629:Slavic first palatalization
2537:Euromosaic information page
2114:
10:
3770:
2533:(English, Sorbian, German)
813:The Sorbian languages are
808:
711:The German terms "Wends" (
637:which again are absent in
497:
29:
3702:
3619:
3566:
3475:
3429:
3421:Slavic dialects of Greece
3357:
3322:
3311:
3277:
3175:
3100:
3091:
3030:
3012:
2989:
2980:
2881:
2813:
2697:
2637:
2628:
2607:
2542:Kurs serskeje rěce / Bluń
1243:
1217:
1197:
1173:
1153:
1139:
1130:
1127:
1094:
937:
934:
926:
923:
920:
917:
878:
863:
571:, an area later entitled
430:
323:
303:
289:
271:
252:
214:Linguistic classification
212:
199:
187:
177:
146:
141:
2424:Paul M. Barford (2001).
381:languages spoken by the
30:Not to be confused with
2335:10.3406/slave.1996.6307
2319:Revue des Études Slaves
2168:Encyclopædia Britannica
817:in six or seven cases:
793:
787:
781:
685:
670:Sorbian settlement area
664:Geographic distribution
513:Sorbian settlement area
480:
474:
460:
446:
403:Indo-European languages
366:
358:
162:
148:
2687:Lower Sorbian language
2682:Upper Sorbian language
2367:About Sorbian Language
2255:Yèche, Hélène (2013).
2216:, while Cottbus, near
785:is used for one hand,
639:Lower Sorbian language
631:Upper Sorbian language
528:
486:
375:Lower Sorbian language
371:Upper Sorbian language
3739:West Slavic languages
3552:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
2371:University of Leipzig
1251:Vocabulary comparison
643:Leipzig-type ceramics
602:West Slavic languages
585:, further south (see
505:
484:in Lower Sorbian, or
379:mutually intelligible
3744:Languages of Germany
2761:German Sign Language
2620:Standard High German
2601:Languages of Germany
2286:10.4000/belgeo.11570
2220:, is the centre for
854:(Upper Sorbian only)
579:Polabian Slav tribes
533:Germanic territories
61:improve this article
3578:Pan-Slavic language
3377:Burgenland Croatian
3257:Marcho-Magdeburgian
2854:Old Church Slavonic
2369:, by Helmut Faska,
2163:"Sorbian languages"
2131:Low Lusatian German
791:for two hands, and
755:Linguistic features
606:Heinz Schuster-Šewc
425:. Their collective
76:"Sorbian languages"
3664:Illič-Svityč's law
3644:Monophthongization
3152:Camaldolese Slovak
2965:Canadian Ukrainian
2831:Up to Proto-Slavic
2824:Proto-Balto-Slavic
2715:Moselle Franconian
2230:Kingdom of Prussia
2200:, closely related
801:, Sorbian uses no
529:
478:in Upper Sorbian,
393:region of Eastern
163:serbšćina, serbski
149:serbšćina, serbsce
3754:Culture of Saxony
3729:Sorbian languages
3716:
3715:
3709:extinct languages
3540:Solombala English
3471:
3470:
3394:Prekmurje Slovene
3307:
3306:
3087:
3086:
2941:Doukhobor Russian
2864:Glagolitic script
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2629:Regional/minority
2608:Official language
2462:Sparrow, Thomas.
2411:978-86-6263-026-1
2190:Sorbian languages
2179:21 November 2013
2112:
2111:
2012:(vjatər / veter)
2004:(vetar / vjetar)
1388:людына (ljudyna)
1385:людина (l'udyna)
1348:(čovek / čovjek)
1248:
1247:
1082:shoulder, armpit
1067:
1066:
731:Endangered status
725:sorbisch/Sorbisch
723:) and "Sorbian" (
717:wendisch/Wendisch
715:) and "Wendish" (
702:Lee County, Texas
577:, settled by the
553:Holy Roman Empire
438:literary standard
417:(named after the
351:Sorbian languages
347:
346:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3761:
3610:Slavonic-Serbian
3461:Cieszyn Silesian
3332:Carpathian Rusyn
3320:
3319:
3098:
3097:
2987:
2986:
2872:Modern languages
2807:Slavic languages
2800:
2793:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2635:
2634:
2599:
2598:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2550:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2490:2 (2009): 16-28.
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2435:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2310:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2186:
2184:
2159:
2121:Sorbian alphabet
1767:сестра (sestra)
1712:(ljato / ljeto)
1644:(sneg / snijeg)
1258:
1257:
1069:
1068:
858:
857:
799:Slavic languages
796:
790:
784:
748:language domains
691:Cottbus/Chóśebuz
688:
574:Germania Slavica
541:Slavic ancestors
521:medieval Germany
489:
483:
477:
463:
449:
432:
341:
328:
313:
308:
299:
285:
207:
173:
165:
159:
151:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
32:Serbian language
21:
18:Sorbian language
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3749:Sorbian culture
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3698:
3621:
3615:
3569:
3562:
3492:Bohemian Romani
3477:Mixed languages
3467:
3444:Pannonian Rusyn
3425:
3367:Banat Bulgarian
3353:
3315:
3303:
3273:
3171:
3163:Pannonian Rusyn
3083:
3026:
3008:
2976:
2936:Alaskan Russian
2911:Old Novgorodian
2904:Old East Slavic
2877:
2859:Cyrillic script
2849:Church Slavonic
2809:
2804:
2774:
2765:
2693:
2630:
2624:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2548:
2527:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2470:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2365:
2358:
2311:
2302:
2253:
2242:
2182:
2180:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2144:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2071:
2063:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2011:
2003:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1951:
1943:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1891:
1883:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1831:
1823:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1771:
1763:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1711:
1704:(leto / ljeto)
1703:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1651:
1643:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1591:
1583:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1531:
1523:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1471:
1463:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1411:
1404:(veče / večer)
1403:
1381:
1355:
1347:
1253:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
880:
875:
870:
865:
811:
757:
733:
666:
508:Limes sorabicus
500:
343:
342:
332:
329:
319:
318:
311:
295:
281:
202:
201:Native speakers
189:
167:
160:
153:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3689:Van Wijk's law
3686:
3684:Ruki sound law
3681:
3679:Pedersen's law
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3548:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3522:Romano-Serbian
3519:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3439:Eastern Slovak
3435:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3313:Microlanguages
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3184:East Lechitic
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3158:Eastern Slovak
3155:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3139:White Croatian
3136:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3115:Biblical Czech
3106:
3104:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3047:Serbo-Croatian
3044:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2923:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2749:Low Franconian
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2705:Central German
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2551:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2525:External links
2523:
2522:
2521:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2454:
2430:
2417:
2410:
2386:
2374:
2356:
2300:
2240:
2214:Czech Republic
2192:, also called
2146:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2007:ветер (veter)
2005:
2002:ветар / вјетар
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1407:вечер (večer)
1405:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1351:човек (čovek)
1349:
1346:човек / човјек
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Serbo-Croatian
1268:
1267:Upper Sorbian
1265:
1264:Lower Sorbian
1262:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
988:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
940:
939:
936:
933:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
906:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
855:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
810:
807:
756:
753:
732:
729:
665:
662:
647:Prague culture
635:Czech language
604:, others like
499:
496:
401:branch of the
345:
344:
331:
330:
321:
320:
310:
309:
301:
300:
293:
287:
286:
279:
269:
268:
267:
266:
261:
254:
250:
249:
248:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
216:
210:
209:
203:
200:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
144:
143:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3766:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Meillet's law
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3490:20th century
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3409:Slavomolisano
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3349:West Polesian
3347:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:Lower Sorbian
3290:
3288:
3287:Upper Sorbian
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3252:West Lechitic
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3211:Middle Polish
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:Slavomolisano
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3041:Alpine Slavic
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2970:Simple speech
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2896:Simple speech
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2549:(in Romanian)
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2483:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2444:
2443:Treaty Office
2440:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2321:(in French).
2320:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:(in French).
2262:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:Lower Sorbian
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:Upper Sorbian
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2010:вятър / ветер
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1642:снег / снијег
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
989:
986:
984:
980:
978:
974:
972:
968:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
941:
931:
930:
914:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
873:
868:
860:
859:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
816:
806:
804:
800:
795:
789:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
752:
749:
745:
740:
738:
737:Serbin, Texas
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
687:
682:
681:Upper Lusatia
678:
673:
671:
661:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
587:Sorbian March
584:
580:
576:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
548:present day.
546:
542:
538:
534:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
504:
495:
493:
488:
482:
476:
471:
467:
462:
457:
456:Lower Sorbian
453:
448:
447:hornjoserbsce
443:
442:Upper Sorbian
439:
434:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:Lower Sorbian
360:
356:
355:Upper Sorbian
352:
339:
336:
327:
322:
317:
307:
302:
298:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
264:Lower Sorbian
262:
260:
259:Upper Sorbian
257:
256:
255:
251:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:Indo-European
217:
215:
211:
204:
198:
195:
192:
186:
183:
180:
176:
171:
170:Lower Sorbian
164:
157:
156:Upper Sorbian
150:
145:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3704:
3694:Winter's law
3654:Havlík's law
3608:
3601:
3594:
3550:
3538:
3531:
3506:Mednyj Aleut
3504:
3497:
3489:
3359:South Slavic
3316:and dialects
3278:
3223:
3209:
3202:
3150:
3126:
3121:Czechoslovak
3119:
3102:Czech-Slovak
3039:
3014:Transitional
2982:South Slavic
2918:
2909:
2902:
2870:
2838:Proto-Slavic
2836:
2829:
2822:
2727:Upper German
2698:Unrecognized
2676:
2555:
2554:website for
2545:
2517:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:
2457:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2377:
2322:
2318:
2264:
2260:
2228:, while the
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2181:. Retrieved
2166:
2136:White Serbia
2067:зима (zima)
1947:вода (voda)
1887:оган (ogan)
1827:риба (riba)
1707:лето (leto)
1647:снег (sneg)
1587:рака (raka)
1467:брат (brat)
1402:вече / вечер
1254:
1241:ze žeńskeju
1233:
1227:
1209:wó ramjenju
1206:wo ramjenju
1186:
1120:Lower Sorb.
1117:Upper Sorb.
1114:Lower Sorb.
1111:Upper Sorb.
1108:Lower Sorb.
1105:Upper Sorb.
1092:woman, wife
991:
982:
976:
970:
964:
904:Lower Sorb.
901:Upper Sorb.
898:Lower Sorb.
895:Upper Sorb.
892:Lower Sorb.
889:Upper Sorb.
847:Instrumental
812:
758:
741:
734:
724:
720:
716:
712:
710:
695:
675:The city of
674:
667:
651:
614:South Slavic
610:Proto-Slavic
591:
572:
564:
550:
537:East Germany
530:
524:
519:on a map of
517:East Francia
506:
461:dolnoserbski
435:
422:
414:
411:Czech–Slovak
350:
348:
253:Subdivisions
238:
224:Balto-Slavic
190:distribution
123:
117:January 2011
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3669:Ivšić's law
3596:Army Slavic
3583:Interslavic
3568:Constructed
3431:West Slavic
3324:East Slavic
3093:West Slavic
3062:Montenegrin
2883:East Slavic
2720:Upper Saxon
2468:www.bbc.com
2439:"Full list"
2202:West Slavic
2048:(vjetsjer)
1710:лято / лето
1702:лето / љето
1340:clowek/luź
1215:wó žeńskej
1189:, ramjenju
466:Brandenburg
429:-2 code is
399:West Slavic
387:West Slavic
367:serbska rěc
359:serbska rěč
234:West Slavic
3723:Categories
3659:Hirt's law
3649:Dybo's law
3620:Historical
3533:Russenorsk
3512:Ponaschemu
3404:Shtokavian
3344:Podlachian
3245:Slovincian
3235:Pomeranian
3204:Old Polish
3004:Macedonian
2891:Belarusian
2754:Limburgish
2667:Low German
2638:Recognized
2511:Literature
2473:2022-01-14
2448:2019-02-06
2183:5 December
2142:References
1808:(sjastra)
1527:ден (den)
1382:(čelovek)
1331:Belarusian
1276:Macedonian
1031:ze štomom
1017:na woknje
1014:na woknje
1008:na štomje
827:Accusative
822:Nominative
773:adjectives
623:morphology
515:bordering
369:) are the
188:Geographic
87:newspapers
3707:indicate
3622:phonology
3570:languages
3558:Trasianka
3384:Kajkavian
3372:Chakavian
3297:Schleifer
3240:Kashubian
3022:Torlakian
2999:Bulgarian
2955:Ukrainian
2920:Ruthenian
2732:Alemannic
2710:Ripuarian
2660:Saterland
2631:languages
2343:2117-718X
2295:2294-9135
2269:Bruxelles
2173:Edinburgh
1923:(vohon')
1803:(sestra)
1798:(sestra)
1790:szwestra
1772:(sestra)
1764:(sestra)
1568:(dzjen')
1448:(vječar)
1371:człowiek
1365:człowiek
1326:Ukrainian
1306:Kashubian
1281:Bulgarian
1212:wo žonje
1182:ramjenju
1171:žeńskeje
1165:ramjenja
1162:ramjenja
1077:shoulder
1040:z woknom
1037:z woknom
1011:na bomje
1005:wó nanje
1002:wo nanje
744:diglossia
619:phonology
594:linguists
539:) by the
291:Glottolog
273:ISO 639-2
178:Ethnicity
3603:Iazychie
3527:Runglish
3485:Balachka
3456:Silesian
3414:Bunjevac
3262:Polabian
3219:Silesian
3198:dialects
3193:Masurian
3177:Lechitic
3134:Moravian
3057:Croatian
2960:dialects
2931:dialects
2742:Bavarian
2351:43270317
2275:and the
2206:medieval
2194:Lusatian
2115:See also
2043:(viter)
2038:(veter)
1928:(ahon')
1918:(ogon')
1884:(oganj)
1781:siostra
1748:(ljeta)
1715:poletje
1688:(snjeh)
1652:(snjag)
1453:brother
1443:(večir)
1438:(večer)
1430:wieczōr
1427:wieczór
1421:wieczór
1412:(večer)
1393:evening
1374:czowiek
1356:(čovek)
1343:čłowjek
1311:Silesian
1301:Polabian
1261:English
1238:ze žonu
1232:z ramjen
1226:z ramjen
1195:žeńskej
1034:z bomom
1028:z nanom
1025:z nanom
994:, woknu
852:Vocative
842:Locative
832:Genitive
815:declined
803:articles
769:pronouns
598:Lechitic
423:Lusatian
407:Lechitic
297:sorb1249
3705:Italics
3590:Lydnevi
3546:Surzhyk
3279:Sorbian
3128:Knaanic
3079:Slovene
3067:Serbian
3052:Bosnian
3032:Western
2991:Eastern
2926:Russian
2815:History
2737:Swabian
2677:Sorbian
2650:Frisian
2556:Lětopis
2198:Wendish
2108:(zima)
2103:(zyma)
2098:(zima)
2072:(zima)
2064:(zima)
2053:winter
2033:vietor
2030:wiater
2027:wiater
2024:wjôter
1988:(vada)
1983:(voda)
1978:(voda)
1952:(voda)
1944:(voda)
1892:(ogən)
1868:(ryba)
1863:(ryba)
1858:(ryba)
1832:(riba)
1824:(riba)
1793:sestra
1787:sostra
1784:sestra
1778:sestra
1775:sestra
1753:sister
1743:(lito)
1738:(leto)
1693:summer
1683:(snih)
1678:(sneg)
1628:(ruka)
1623:(ruka)
1618:(ruka)
1592:(rəka)
1584:(ruka)
1563:(den')
1558:(den')
1508:(brat)
1503:(brat)
1498:(brat)
1472:(brat)
1464:(brat)
1399:wječor
1396:wjacor
1380:человек
1377:človek
1368:clawak
1362:člověk
1359:človek
1337:person
1321:Russian
1286:Slovene
1244:z ruku
1223:Instr.
1218:w ruce
1185:ramjenj
1151:žeńsku
1137:žeńska
1102:
1022:Instr.
886:
881:window
866:father
809:Grammar
706:English
686:Budyšin
677:Bautzen
627:lexicon
583:Milceni
543:of the
527:, 1869)
498:History
487:Lausitz
470:Lusatia
427:ISO 639
415:Wendish
395:Germany
391:Lusatia
316:Germany
239:Sorbian
194:Lusatia
142:Sorbian
101:scholar
3517:Quelia
3399:Resian
3188:Polish
3146:Slovak
2843:Accent
2672:Romani
2645:Danish
2616:German
2408:
2349:
2341:
2293:
2234:German
2226:Saxony
2218:Poland
2084:zaima
2021:wiatr
2015:veter
1933:water
1921:вогонь
1907:òdżin
1904:widin
1901:ogień
1895:ogenj
1879:woheń
1876:wogeń
1844:raibo
1806:сястра
1801:сестра
1796:сестра
1770:сестра
1762:сестра
1759:sotra
1756:sotša
1724:ljutü
1670:śniyg
1667:sniég
1661:śnieg
1610:rynka
1550:dziyń
1541:dzień
1532:(den)
1524:(dan)
1478:bratr
1459:bratr
1456:bratš
1433:večer
1424:vicer
1418:večer
1415:večer
1316:Slovak
1296:Polish
1192:žonje
1131:ramje
1128:ramjo
1090:žeńska
1087:woman
1054:štomo
987:woknu
955:wokna
952:wokna
946:štoma
927:wokno
924:wokno
837:Dative
775:, and
721:Sorben
713:Wenden
698:Serbin
654:German
625:, and
559:, the
557:Saxons
511:: the
492:German
481:Łužyca
475:Łužica
454:, and
452:Saxony
440:, are
340:(2010)
335:UNESCO
312:
229:Slavic
208:20,000
166:
152:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3734:Sorbs
3451:Goral
3389:Pomak
3337:Lemko
3110:Czech
2950:Rusyn
2655:North
2400:[
2347:JSTOR
2327:Paris
2325:(1).
2196:, or
2093:zima
2090:zima
2087:zëma
2081:zima
2078:zima
2075:zima
2059:zyma
2056:zyma
2046:вецер
2041:вітер
2036:ветер
2018:vítr
1999:wětr
1996:wětš
1993:wind
1973:voda
1970:woda
1967:wòda
1964:wôda
1961:woda
1958:voda
1955:voda
1939:woda
1936:wóda
1926:агонь
1916:огонь
1913:oheň
1910:ôgyń
1898:oheň
1873:fire
1853:ryba
1850:ryba
1847:rëba
1841:ryba
1838:ryba
1835:riba
1819:ryba
1816:ryba
1813:fish
1733:leto
1730:lato
1727:lato
1721:lato
1718:léto
1699:lěćo
1696:lěśe
1673:sneh
1664:sneg
1658:sníh
1655:sneg
1639:sněh
1636:sněg
1633:snow
1613:ruka
1607:rãka
1604:ręka
1601:ręka
1598:ruka
1595:roka
1579:ruka
1576:ruka
1573:hand
1566:дзень
1547:dzéń
1519:dźeń
1493:brat
1490:brat
1487:brat
1484:brot
1481:brat
1475:brat
1446:вечар
1441:вечір
1436:вечер
1410:вечер
1354:човек
1291:Czech
1203:Loc.
1198:ruce
1179:Dat.
1174:ruki
1168:žony
1159:Gen.
1154:ruku
1148:žonu
1145:Acc.
1140:ruka
1134:žona
1125:Nom.
1097:hand
1080:ramje
1075:ramjo
1072:Case
1048:nano
1045:Voc.
999:Loc.
960:Dat.
949:boma
943:Gen.
938:nana
935:nana
932:Acc.
918:štom
909:Nom.
879:wokno
876:tree
871:tree
861:Case
777:verbs
765:nouns
565:Wende
561:Wends
545:Sorbs
419:Wends
383:Sorbs
182:Sorbs
108:JSTOR
94:books
3267:Rani
3225:Lach
2406:ISBN
2339:ISSN
2291:ISSN
2185:2022
2106:зіма
2101:зима
2096:зима
2070:зима
2062:зима
1986:вада
1981:вода
1976:вода
1950:вода
1942:вода
1890:огън
1882:огањ
1866:рыба
1861:риба
1856:рыба
1830:риба
1822:риба
1746:лета
1741:літо
1736:лето
1686:снег
1681:сніг
1676:снег
1650:сняг
1626:рука
1621:рука
1616:рука
1590:ръка
1582:рука
1561:день
1556:день
1553:deň
1544:dôn
1538:den
1535:dan
1516:źeń
1513:day
1506:брат
1501:брат
1496:брат
1470:брат
1462:брат
1095:ruka
1085:žona
990:wokn
975:štom
921:bom
915:nan
912:nan
869:štom
794:ruki
788:ruce
782:ruka
763:for
761:dual
569:Oder
409:and
385:, a
373:and
349:The
80:news
2331:doi
2281:doi
1530:ден
1522:дан
1228:jom
1187:eju
992:oju
983:oju
981:bom
971:oju
969:nan
963:nan
874:bom
864:nan
700:in
679:in
589:).
494:).
490:in
431:wen
283:wen
63:by
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2243:^
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