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mission was received by the Mon kingdom and many people were converted to
Buddhism. Via this early encounter with Buddhism, as well as others due to the continuous regional trade between Southeast Asia, China and South Asia, Buddhism spread throughout Southeast Asia. After the initial arrival in modern-day Burma, Buddhism spread throughout mainland Southeast Asia and into the islands of modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia. There are two primary forms of Buddhism found in Southeast Asia, Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada Buddhism spread from India to Sri Lanka then into the region as outlined above, and primarily took hold in the modern states of Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and southern Vietnam. Mahayana Buddhism is thought to have spread from both China and India during the first and second century into Southeast Asia. Mahayana took root primarily in maritime Southeast Asia, although there was also a strong influence in Vietnam, in part due to their connection with China.
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515:, who was a prominent scholar of religion that has had a significant impact on the way Southeast Asian Buddhism is studied. Many contemporary scholars of Buddhism in Southeast Buddhism are starting to move away from the Weberian school of thought and identifying the role Buddhism has played in economic, political and every-day life in the region. Buddhism has also played a role in the consolidation of power and political resistance to throughout history, dating back to as early as the 10th and 11th century. Buddhist resistance has been a part of many significant historical moments, from the resistance to colonization and colonial powers, the creation of nation-states and the consolidation of political power within kingdoms and states.
679:
239:
479:
30:
627:
457:, the third emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty (268-232 BCE) in India. Ashoka ruled his kingdom in accordance with Buddhist law and throughout his reign he dispatched court ambassadors and missionaries to bring the teachings of the Buddha to the east and Macedonia, as well to parts of Southeast Asia. India had trading routes that ran through Cambodia, allowing for the spread of these ideologies to easily occur. The Mons are one of the earliest ethnic groups from Southeast Asia and as the region shifted and grew, new inhabitants to Burma adopted the Mon people's culture, script, and religion.
255:
553:
399:
187:
959:
1074:
1107:
616:
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recent
Buddhist resistance movements in Southeast Asia. After the communist takeover of Laos in 1975, some Buddhist monks feared that Buddhism was threatened by the Pathet Lao government. Many monks fled from Laos to Thailand and helped fund resistance movements from across the border. Monks who stayed in Laos supported resistance fighters with food and medical supplies. Another act of Buddhist resistance took place in Saigon in 1963 when a Mahayana Buddhist monk,
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936:
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enemy bullets and shared their powers through bathing others in holy water. An early phu mi bun rebellion was led by a former
Buddhist monk, Phaya Phap, who resisted increased taxes in the province of Chiang Mai and proclaimed he would be the new, ideal Buddhist king of the region. These movements were not associated with mainstream Buddhism of the time, but many of the leaders had been ordained monks and utilized some Buddhist symbolism and philosophies.
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rule of
Anawrahta allowed for the later revival and growth of Buddhism in neighboring Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. The influences of the Mon people as well as the Pagan Empire are still felt today throughout the region. Currently, the Southeast Asian countries with the highest amounts of practicing Theravada Buddhists are Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.
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criticized the spiritual practices of
Buddhist sects, including a belief in invulnerability based on merit. After an attempt to de-legitimize Buddhist faith in the eyes of Vietnamese people through this criticism of their practices, they declared a war on Buddhism to squash any resistance to the consolidation of their empire
606:
The Thai Sangha has led various
Theravada Buddhist missionary works in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North America, where most delegations focused on the United States, rather than Asian countries with dwindling Theravada Buddhist populations such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste,
212:
Theravada
Buddhism was formed and developed by Ceylon Bhikkhus during a period spanning from the third century B.C. to fifth century A.D. Ceylonese influence, however, did not reach Southeast Asia until the eleventh century A.D. Theravada Buddhism developed in Southern India and then traveled through
208:
In the third century B.C., there was disagreement among
Ceylonese monks about the differences in practices between some councils of Bhikkhu monks and Vajjian Monks. The Bhikkhu monks affirmed Theravada traditions and rejected some of the practices of the Vajjian monks. It is thought that this sparked
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During the late 19th century and early 20th century, there were
Buddhist resistance movements in the kingdom of Siam. These resistance movements were led by holy men or phu mi bun who had great power due to a high accumulation of merit. Some of these men claimed to have powers of invulnerability to
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have around 2 million
Buddhists, forming around 33% of their populations respectively. Singapore has the most vibrant Buddhist scene with all three major traditions having large followings. Mahayana Buddhism has the largest presence amongst the Chinese, while many immigrants from countries such as
535:
Buddhist resistance also played a role in anti-colonialism movements. During the British colonization of Burma in the 19th century, there was intense Buddhist militarization and resistance against the colonial occupiers in an effort to restore the ideal Buddhist monarchy. There have also been more
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in Burma and is considered to be the founder of the modern Burmese nation. Anawrahta embraced and revived the Mon people's form of Theravada Buddhism through his building of schools and monasteries that taught and supported Theravada ideologies. The success of Theravada Buddhism in Burma under the
460:
The middle of the 11th century saw a decline of Buddhism in Southeast Asia. From the 11th to 13th century the Khmer Empire dominated the Southeast Asian peninsula. Hinduism was the primary religion of the Khmer Empire, with a smaller portion of people also adhering to Mahayana Buddhism. During the
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throughout Southeast Asia. The main three ways in which the religion was transported into the region is through systems of trade, marriage, and missionary work. Buddhism has always been a missionary religion and Theravada Buddhism was able to spread due to the work and travel of missionaries. The
219:
Buddhism is thought to have entered Southeast Asia from trade with India, China and Sri Lanka during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd centuries. One of the earliest accounts of Buddhism in Southeast Asia was of a Theravada Buddhist mission sent by the Indian emperor Ashoka to modern-day Burma in 250 BCE. The
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Currently, there are approximately 190–205 million Buddhists in Southeast Asia, making it the second largest religion in the region, after Islam. Approximately 35 to 38% of the global Buddhist population resides in Southeast Asia. The following is a list of Southeast Asian countries from most to
527:
During the Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam in the 19th and 20th century, there was a strain between Confucian rulers and practitioners of Buddhism monks during the early unification of the empire. The rulers had a fear of potential rebellions emerging from monastic sites in the countryside and heavily
518:
Some of the earliest accounts of religious conflict that trace back to the 11th century took place in modern-day Burma. There was tension between Buddhist kings looking to create a more uniform religion and different sects of Buddhist worship. In particular, there was resistance from the cult of
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worship, a religious practice that predates Buddhism in Burma. Buddhist kings of the time attempted to unify the different sects of Buddhism by the elimination of heretical movements. This was done so in order to maintain their power over their people and in an effort to purify the faith.
645:
Mahāyāna Buddhism consists of a large variety of different sūtras. A defining feature of Mahāyāna Buddhism is its inclusiveness of a wide range of doctrines. The Mahāyāna tradition includes the doctrine of the three bodies of the Buddha (trikāya). The first is the body of transformation
1003:
may have a large number of Buddhists, but the Communist government under-reports the religious adherence of its citizens. It has around 44 million Buddhists, around half its population. The majority of Vietnamese people practice Mahayana Buddhism due to the large amount of Chinese
646:(nirmānakāya), the second is the body of bliss/enjoyment (sambhogakāya), and the third is the body of law/essence (dharmakāya). Each body makes sense of a different function of the Buddha. Another common theme in the Mahāyāna tradition of Buddhism, is the path of the
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recently had a nation-wide survey from 2020 showing that only 39,158 citizens were Buddhist in its statistical tables, roughly 0.03% of the national population, the lowest in the entire Southeast Asian region. This was much lower from the initial estimate of 2% in
1010:
has 97.9% of its total population adheres to Theravada Buddhism, placing its Buddhist population at around 14 million which mark as one of the world's highest Buddhist nations by percentage. By the end of 2017, there are 4,872 Buddhist temples
996:
has around 48 million Buddhists, with 89% of its 54 million citizens practicing Theravada Buddhism. Around 1% of the population, mainly the Chinese, practice Mahayana Buddhism alongside Taoism, but are strongly influenced by Theravada
1766:
Muslim 231 Million (86.7), Christian 20.45 Million (7.6), Catholic 8.43 million (3.12), Hindu 4.65 million (1.74), Buddhist 2.03 million (0.77), Confucianism 76.630 (0.03), Others/Traditional faiths 126.51 (0.04), Total 266.5
1033:
and migrant workers, practising Buddhism. The Chinese mainly practice Mahayana Buddhism, but due to the efforts of Sinhalese monks as well as historical links with Thailand, Theravada also enjoys a significant
641:
Mahāyāna Buddhism in SE Asia is rooted in Buddhist traditions that traveled from Northern India through Tibet and China and eventually made their way to Vietnam, Indonesia and other parts of southeast Asia.
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made through the words and deeds of the Buddha that is to be followed. The path leads the follower from the Realm of Desire, to the Realm of Form, the Formless Realm with the ultimate destination being
1713:
511:
Buddhism has long been characterized by some scholars as an other-worldly religion, that is not rooted in economic and political activity. That is in part due to the influence of German sociologist,
1749:
352:
also testified to the importance of Buddhism as early as the year 671 and advised future Chinese pilgrims to spend a year or two in Palembang. Srivijaya declined due to conflicts with the
587:. The Sangha (gathering) refers to the two types of followers of the Buddha: laity and monastic. The monastic members strictly adhere to the Buddhist monastic discipline, known as the
1046:
has around 4.75 million Buddhists (2% of its population), mainly amongst its Chinese population. Most Indonesian Buddhists adhere to Theravada Buddhism, mainly of the Thai tradition.
1689:
306:
During the 5th to 13th centuries, The Southeast Asian empires were influenced directly from India, so that these empires essentially followed the Mahāyāna tradition. The
1059:, which has the smallest population in Southeast Asia, has around 13% of its citizens and a significant migrant worker population adhering to Buddhism, at around 65,000.
205:
Buddhism reached Southeast Asia both directly over sea from India and indirectly from Central Asia and China in a process that spanned most of the first millennium CE.
461:
Khmer Rule, Theravada Buddhism was only found in parts of Malaysia, northwest Thailand, and lower Burma. Theravada Buddhism experienced a revival under the rule of
1636:
1720:
2221:"Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines"
1304:
3124:
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Baird, Ian G. 2012. "Lao Buddhist Monks' Involvement in Political and Military Resistance to the Lao People's Democratic Republic Government since 1975".
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are selfless as they care not only for their own salvation, liberation, and happiness, but also for the salvation, liberation, and happiness of others. A
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has the largest number of Buddhists with approximately 95% of its population of 67 million adhering to Buddhism, placing it at around 63.75 million.
2031:
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1015:) accommodating 69,199 Buddhist monks that play the important role to maintain the existence of Buddhism and preserve Buddhist culture in Cambodia.
2194:
2057:
1972:
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371:(r. 760—780) saw the rise of Buddhist Mahayana influence in central Java, as the Sailendran kings became the ardent patron of Buddhism. Numerous
216:
In the twelfth century, Mahayana Buddhism developed in Northern India and traveled through Tibet, China and into Vietnam, Indonesia and beyond.
4267:
2146:
540:, self-immolated in the middle of a busy intersection. This self-immolation was an act of protest of the regime of South Vietnamese President
1401:
Jerry Bently, 'Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 72.
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dominated much of the Southeast Asian peninsula. Under the Khmer, more than 900 temples were built in Cambodia and in neighbouring Thailand.
150:
59:
Buddhism. Historically, Mahāyāna had a prominent position in the region, but in modern times, most countries follow the Theravāda tradition.
2484:
2084:
1877:"state.gov – Vietnam 2012 (included over 50% Mahayana + 1.2% Theravada + 3% Hoa Hao Buddhism and other new Vietnamese sects of Buddhism)"
1922:
1911:
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was at the centre of this development, with a temple complex and urban organisation able to support around one million urban dwellers.
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348:. Yijing described Palembang as a great centre of Buddhist learning where the emperor supported over a thousand monks at his court.
17:
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Vietnam Tourism – Over 70 percent of the population of Vietnam are either Buddhist or strongly influenced by Buddhist practices.
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Buddhist thought. The Buddha is the teacher of gods and men. The Dhamma consists of the teachings of the Buddha. It is the
1249:
Kitiarsa, Pattana (1 March 2009). "Beyond the Weberian Trails: An Essay on the Anthropology of Southeast Asian Buddhism".
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in Southeast Asia is rooted in Sri Lankan Buddhism that traveled from Sri Lanka to Burma and later to lower Thailand.
2597:
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4529:
4274:
2085:"Census of population 2010: Statistical Release 1 on Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion"
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in Bangkok, Thailand. Currently Buddhism is the major faith in Thailand and neighboring Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos
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4911:
2740:
2295:
Kitiarsa, Pattana. 2009. "Beyond the Weberian Trails: An Essay on the Anthropology of Southeast Asian Buddhism".
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29:
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395:(r. 819–838) in early 9th century. The period marked the apogee of Buddhist civilization in Indonesia.
146:
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2147:"Religious Adherents, 2010 – Singapore (14.8% Buddhist + 39.1% Chinese Folk Religion = 53.9% in total)"
2061:
2035:
1976:
238:
3849:
2198:
4849:
4662:
4652:
4524:
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2823:
2195:"Religious Adherents, 2010 – Brunei (9.7% Buddhist + 5.2% Chinese Folk Religion + 1.9% Confucianist)"
1962:
26th annual Buddhist monk summit of Cambodia in Chaktomuk conference hall, Phnom Penh, December 2017.
544:, a member of the Catholic minority who ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed the Buddhist community.
280:
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1667:. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR. pp. 12–15.
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4871:
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2058:"Religious Adherents, 2010 – Indonesia (0.8% Buddhist + 0.9% Chinese Folk Religion/Confucianism)"
80:
1997:
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will make it almost all of the way to Nirvana, but go back in order to help others go farther.
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1302:
Singapore Philatelic Museum website: Southward Expansion of Mahayana Buddhism – Southeast Asia
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Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR (July 2016).
1215:
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rulers of India, before being destabilised by the Islamic expansion from the 13th century.
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to the north competed for influence, and their art expressed the rich Mahāyāna pantheon of
122:
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3000:
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2009:
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has about 20% of its citizens, mainly ethnic Chinese, with significant numbers of ethnic
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557:
450:
437:
372:
160:
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1920:
mtholyoke.edu Buddhist Crisis 1963 – in a population that is 70 to 80 percent Buddhist
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within Indochina. Buddhism was likely introduced to the Mon people during the rule of
5025:
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126:
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2715:
2615:
1544:"Missionary Intent and Monastic Networks: Thai Buddhism as a Transnational Religion"
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Beyond the Weberian Trails: An Essay on the Anthropology of Southeast Asian Buddhism
658:. These stories teach the qualities that are desirable to a good Mahāyāna Buddhist.
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1780:"Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"
1331:. Washington DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. pp. 2–9.
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60:
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The Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha are the three fundamental aspects of
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empires, but Mahāyāna Buddhism in Indonesia is now largely practiced by the
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includes a variety of traditions of Buddhism including two main traditions:
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1998:
state.gov (19.8% Buddhist + 1.3% Taoism/Confucianism/Chinese Folk Religion
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615:
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341:
121:. Mahāyāna Buddhism is the predominant religion of Chinese communities in
98:
56:
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4603:
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3028:
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The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C
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has around 5 million Buddhists, who form roughly 70% of its population.
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dynasty, which also the ruling family of Srivijaya. The reign of King
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94:
34:
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From the 9th to the 13th centuries, the Mahāyāna Buddhist and Hindu
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4779:
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3814:
3764:
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1125:
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261:
118:
68:
64:
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lead a very disciplined life modeled after the Buddha, going from
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Sri Lanka, Burma, and into Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Beyond.
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There are many factors that contributed to the early spread of
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Finding Their Voice: Northeastern Villagers and the Thai State
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38:
1448:. Bangkok: Siam Society under Royal Patronage. p. 113.
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Myanmar, Thailand and Sri Lanka practice Theravada Buddhism.
983:
least adherents of Buddhism as a percent of the population.
4819:
3612:
3278:
2775:
803:
380:
72:
2278:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 197–248.
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3013:
1942:
1719:. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. p. 82. Archived from
1688:, PEW Forum on Religion and Public Life, pp. 45–50,
1187:
1012:
2274:
Ileto, R. 1993. "Religion and Anti-Colonial Movements".
652:. Stories are told about prior lives of the Buddha as a
2076:
244:
A 9th century Srivijayan art bronze Avalokiteshvara of
223:
2312:. rarehistoricalphotos.com. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
2292:. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press.
2083:
Singapore Department of Statistics (12 January 2011).
2288:
Tarling, N., & Cambridge University Press. 1992.
1413:"The Extraordinary Cultural Heritage of Central Java"
431:
375:
were erected in the region. Notable example includes
1121:
2235:"The International Day of Vesak | Philippines"
1616:"The International Day of Vesak | Philippines"
1548:
Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia
665:
659:
653:
647:
409:
315:
209:the split between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.
1510:
1356:
473:
5002:
1363:. United States: Ann Arbor Paperbacks. pp.
603:) to Upasampada or higher ordination (Bhikkhu).
1714:"Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri Asas Demografi"
1630:"Population by religion, region and area, 2015"
465:(1014–1077 AD). Anawrahta was the ruler of the
181:
1828:"Crisis in Myanmar Over Buddhist-Muslim Clash"
1478:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 80.
2343:
449:(Myanmar) that contributed to the success of
151:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
3125:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1387:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
363:kingdom flourished in Central Java ruled by
89:continues to have a Mahāyān majority due to
1746:"Statistik Umat Menurut Agama di Indonesia"
1706:
2350:
2336:
2197:. World Christian Database. Archived from
2149:. World Christian Database. Archived from
2060:. World Christian Database. Archived from
2034:. World Christian Database. Archived from
1975:. World Christian Database. Archived from
1446:The Mons: A Civilization of Southeast Asia
344:Buddhism under a line of rulers named the
1679:"Table: Religious Composition by Country"
1541:
1425:
1248:
677:
625:
614:
551:
477:
397:
268:, Indonesia, 9th century Srivijayan art.
185:
28:
4312:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2290:The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
2285:. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press.
2276:The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
1738:
1488:
1443:
1326:
547:
63:with a Theravāda Buddhist majority are
14:
5003:
4515:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1973:"Religious Adherents, 2010 – Malaysia"
1825:
1508:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1354:
673:
610:
2331:
2323:Buddhanet: Buddhism in Southeast Asia
2271:. New York: Macmillan Reference, USA.
2244:
1642:from the original on 10 December 2017
1590:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
1583:
1579:
1577:
1517:. USA: Ann Arbor Paperback. pp.
1504:
1502:
1500:
1473:
1439:
1437:
1284:CPAmedia: Buddhist Temples of Vietnam
147:History of Buddhism in Southeast Asia
1750:Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia
1622:
1513:Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia
1359:Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia
1350:
1348:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
224:Srivijaya, Java and the Khmer Empire
1654:
1476:Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction
1462:
1112:Buddhist monks pilgrim in Indonesia
634:, lacquered and gilded wood at the
24:
4302:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2032:"Religious Adherents, 2010 – Laos"
1574:
1497:
1434:
1329:The History of Buddhism in Vietnam
1226:Index of Buddhism-related articles
1160:State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee
432:Early spread of Theravada Buddhism
25:
5042:
2316:
1898:United States Department of State
1695:from the original on 5 March 2023
1345:
1313:
4983:
4973:
4972:
4530:Thai temple art and architecture
4275:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2515:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2381:
2368:
2358:
1430:. Religion Compass. p. 205.
1263:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2009.00135.x
1192:Thai temple art and architecture
1124:
1105:
1087:
1072:
957:
934:
911:
888:
865:
842:
819:
796:
773:
750:
727:
391:, completed during the reign of
273:
253:
237:
2382:
2227:
2213:
2187:
2165:
2109:
2050:
2024:
2002:
1991:
1965:
1956:
1931:
1902:
1891:
1869:
1847:
1826:Fuller, Thomas (10 June 2012).
1819:
1808:
1786:
1772:
1671:
1608:
1587:The Different Paths of Buddhism
1535:
1482:
1165:List of Sāsana Azani recipients
328:, a maritime empire centred at
193:shaves his hair and becomes an
155:Indianization of Southeast Asia
101:Buddhist since the time of the
4520:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4322:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3402:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2593:Places where the Buddha stayed
2119:. state.gov. 15 September 2006
1939:"The World Factbook: Cambodia"
1419:
1404:
1395:
1295:
1277:
1242:
695:Buddhist Percentage by Country
607:Brunei, and eastern Malaysia.
474:Political power and resistance
387:, and the grand stone mandala
373:Buddhist temples and monuments
287:, 8th century Srivijayan art,
13:
1:
4535:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1752:. 15 May 2018. Archived from
1231:
1150:Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia
1145:Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
560:monk to prepares ordain into
359:Between 8th to 11th century,
4292:Buddhism and the Roman world
4268:Decline of Buddhism in India
4263:History of Buddhism in India
2363: Topics in
2306:. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books
2262:The Journal of Asian Studies
2251:Ancient History Encyclopedia
2173:"The World Factbook: Brunei"
1491:Buddhism in the Modern World
1236:
1206:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
310:Empire to the south and the
182:Early traditions and origins
7:
3490:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3230:
2257:. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
1855:"The World Factbook: Burma"
1117:
666:
660:
654:
648:
416:. Sandstone, 7th century CE
410:
316:
10:
5047:
5031:Religion in Southeast Asia
5011:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
4440:The unanswerable questions
2132:"CIA Factbook – Singapore"
2010:"CIA – The World Factbook"
1686:Global Religious Landscape
1542:Kitiarsa, Pattana (2010).
1509:Lester, Robert C. (1973).
1444:Guillon, Emmanuel (1999).
1426:Kitiarsa, Pattana (2009).
1355:Lester, Robert, C (1973).
500:
158:
144:
140:
49:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
4968:
4920:
4835:
4750:
4525:Buddhist temples in Korea
4448:
4350:
4233:
3930:
3858:
3685:
3558:
3498:
3133:
3088:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2999:
2991:Three planes of existence
2939:
2784:
2676:
2606:
2598:Buddha in world religions
2460:
2405:
2377:
973:
955:
950:
932:
927:
909:
904:
886:
881:
863:
858:
840:
835:
817:
812:
794:
789:
771:
766:
748:
743:
725:
718:
711:
694:
482:Vietnamese Buddhist monk
445:are an ethnic group from
281:Avalokiteshvara of Chaiya
61:Southeast Asian countries
4307:Persecution of Buddhists
3528:Four stages of awakening
2909:Three marks of existence
2495:Physical characteristics
2310:"The burning monk, 1963"
2269:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
1794:"The CIA World Factbook"
1327:Tai Thu, Nguyen (2008).
556:The shaving ceremony of
491:persecution of Buddhists
489:in 1963, protesting the
201:bas-relief, 9th century.
18:Southeast Asian Buddhism
3670:Ten principal disciples
2553:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1925:9 November 2017 at the
1307:19 October 2008 at the
340:, adopted Mahāyāna and
4380:Buddhism and democracy
3893:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3888:Chinese Buddhist canon
3120:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3115:Early Buddhist schools
2302:Keyes, Charles. 2014.
1914:9 October 2013 at the
1493:. New York: Macmillan.
1489:Maraldo, John (1976).
1474:Keown, Damien (2013).
1155:Sangha Supreme Council
687:
638:
623:
599:or novice ordination (
565:
498:
417:
283:, the bronze torso of
264:statue from Komering,
202:
45:
4390:Eight Consciousnesses
2500:Life of Buddha in art
1216:Buddhism in East Asia
681:
629:
618:
555:
481:
401:
189:
159:Further information:
32:
4867:East Asian religions
4297:Buddhism in the West
3868:Early Buddhist texts
3483:Four Right Exertions
2949:Ten spiritual realms
2442:Noble Eightfold Path
1815:state.gov – Thailand
1584:Olson, Carl (2005).
564:Buddhist priesthood.
548:Theravada traditions
5016:Buddhism by country
4990:Religion portal
4737:Temple of the Tooth
4616:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3655:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3148:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2931:Two truths doctrine
2751:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2551:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2283:Buddhism: A History
1979:on 22 December 2015
1756:on 3 September 2020
1726:on 13 November 2013
1289:8 July 2008 at the
1221:Buddhism by country
1082:monks on pilgrimage
705:Pew Research Center
682:Buddhist temple of
674:Buddhism by country
620:Vietnamese Buddhist
611:Mahāyāna traditions
248:in Perak, Malaysia.
177:Buddhism in Vietnam
4912:Western philosophy
4510:Dzong architecture
4332:Vipassana movement
4327:Buddhist modernism
3755:Emperor Wen of Sui
3523:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3456:Threefold Training
3258:Vipassana movement
2974:Hungry Ghost realm
2794:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2741:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2490:Great Renunciation
2485:Eight Great Events
2367:
2267:Buswell, R. 2004.
2264:. 71 (3): 655–677.
2245:General references
2064:on 22 October 2018
1833:The New York Times
1183:Vipassana movement
688:
639:
624:
569:Theravada Buddhism
566:
558:Theravada Buddhist
499:
451:Theravada Buddhism
438:Theravada Buddhism
418:
295:, demonstrate the
203:
161:Indianised kingdom
81:mainland countries
46:
4998:
4997:
4636:Om mani padme hum
4342:Women in Buddhism
4258:Buddhist councils
4128:Western countries
3916:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3677:Shaolin Monastery
3254:Samatha-vipassanā
2864:Pratītyasamutpāda
2668:Metteyya/Maitreya
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2415:Four Noble Truths
2153:on 18 August 2021
1748:(in Indonesian).
1601:978-0-8135-3561-6
1528:978-0-472-06184-6
1374:978-0-472-06184-6
1338:978-1-56518-098-7
1140:Agga Maha Pandita
978:
977:
507:Buddhist Uprising
332:on the island of
293:Southern Thailand
191:Prince Siddhartha
53:Mahāyāna Buddhism
16:(Redirected from
5038:
4988:
4987:
4976:
4975:
4815:Sacred languages
4663:Maya Devi Temple
4626:Mahabodhi Temple
4430:Secular Buddhism
4395:Engaged Buddhism
3235:
3083:Tibetan Buddhism
3034:Vietnamese Thiền
2633:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2385:
2384:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2297:Religion Compass
2239:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:on 4 August 2021
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2090:. Archived from
2089:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1988:
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1969:
1963:
1960:
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1929:
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1649:
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1620:
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1581:
1572:
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1539:
1533:
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1516:
1506:
1495:
1494:
1486:
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1471:
1460:
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1441:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
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1386:
1378:
1362:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1324:
1311:
1299:
1293:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1251:Religion Compass
1246:
1211:Buddhism in Asia
1134:
1129:
1128:
1109:
1091:
1076:
963:
961:
960:
940:
938:
937:
917:
915:
914:
894:
892:
891:
871:
869:
868:
848:
846:
845:
825:
823:
822:
802:
800:
799:
779:
777:
776:
756:
754:
753:
733:
731:
730:
692:
691:
669:
663:
657:
651:
495:South Vietnamese
463:Anawrahta Minsaw
415:
321:
277:
257:
241:
111:Chinese diaspora
33:The 9th century
21:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4982:
4964:
4916:
4831:
4746:
4483:Ordination hall
4444:
4346:
4317:Buddhist crisis
4229:
3926:
3878:Mahayana sutras
3854:
3850:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3681:
3554:
3494:
3444:Bodhisattva vow
3129:
2995:
2935:
2894:Taṇhā (Craving)
2829:Five hindrances
2780:
2672:
2602:
2456:
2401:
2373:
2356:
2319:
2281:Reat, N. 1994.
2247:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
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2214:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2117:"www.state.gov"
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2097:on 3 March 2011
2094:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2038:on 14 June 2021
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1947:
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1937:
1936:
1932:
1927:Wayback Machine
1916:Wayback Machine
1907:
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1560:10.1355/SJ25-1E
1540:
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1346:
1339:
1325:
1314:
1309:Wayback Machine
1300:
1296:
1291:Wayback Machine
1282:
1278:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1201:Pagoda festival
1132:Religion portal
1130:
1123:
1120:
1113:
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797:
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772:
764:
751:
749:
741:
728:
726:
676:
636:Bút Tháp Temple
613:
550:
538:Thích Quảng Đức
509:
503:Buddhist crisis
487:self-immolation
484:Thích Quảng Đức
476:
434:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
278:
270:
269:
258:
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184:
179:
157:
145:Main articles:
143:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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5013:
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4550:
4549:
4547:Greco-Buddhist
4539:
4538:
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4507:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4498:Burmese pagoda
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4280:Greco-Buddhism
4277:
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4213:United Kingdom
4210:
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4158:Czech Republic
4155:
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3922:Abhidharmadīpa
3919:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:B. R. Ambedkar
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3760:Songtsen Gampo
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3439:Eight precepts
3436:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3210:Five Strengths
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2849:Mental factors
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:Mahamoggallāna
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2616:Avalokiteśvara
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2317:External links
2315:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2299:3(2): 200–224.
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2226:
2212:
2186:
2164:
2108:
2075:
2049:
2023:
2001:
1990:
1964:
1955:
1930:
1901:
1890:
1868:
1846:
1818:
1807:
1785:
1771:
1737:
1705:
1670:
1653:
1621:
1607:
1600:
1573:
1554:(1): 109–132.
1534:
1527:
1496:
1481:
1461:
1455:978-9748298443
1454:
1433:
1418:
1403:
1394:
1373:
1344:
1337:
1312:
1294:
1276:
1257:(2): 200–224.
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:Burmese pagoda
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1016:
1005:
998:
991:
976:
975:
972:
969:
967:
953:
952:
949:
946:
944:
930:
929:
926:
923:
921:
907:
906:
903:
900:
898:
884:
883:
880:
877:
875:
861:
860:
857:
854:
852:
838:
837:
834:
831:
829:
815:
814:
811:
808:
806:
792:
791:
788:
785:
783:
769:
768:
765:
762:
760:
746:
745:
742:
739:
737:
723:
722:
717:
715:
709:
708:
701:World Factbook
697:United Nations
690:
689:
675:
672:
632:Avalokiteśvara
612:
609:
549:
546:
475:
472:
433:
430:
407:Avalokiteśvara
361:Medang Mataram
299:art influence.
279:
272:
271:
259:
252:
251:
243:
236:
235:
234:
231:Srivijayan Art
230:
229:
228:
227:
225:
222:
183:
180:
142:
139:
79:, all of them
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5043:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4752:Miscellaneous
4749:
4743:
4742:Vegetarianism
4740:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:Buddha in art
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4218:United States
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Padmasambhava
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3687:Major figures
3684:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3633:Western tulku
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Five precepts
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Dhamma vicaya
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:Buddhābhiṣeka
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Enlightenment
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Dhamma theory
2812:
2810:
2809:Buddha-nature
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Samantabhadra
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
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1080:Thai Buddhist
1075:
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591:. Theravadin
590:
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581:
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542:Ngo Dinh Diem
539:
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508:
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266:South Sumatra
263:
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70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
44:
40:
36:
31:
27:
19:
4930:Bodhisattvas
4850:Christianity
4845:Baháʼí Faith
4710:Dharmachakra
4700:Prayer wheel
4690:Prayer beads
4458:Architecture
4337:969 Movement
4121:Saudi Arabia
4099:Central Asia
4092:South Africa
3914:
3897:
3830:Panchen Lama
3735:Buddhapālita
3331:Satipatthana
3326:Mindful Yoga
3239:Recollection
3153:Brahmavihara
3024:Japanese Zen
3019:Chinese Chan
2979:Animal realm
2786:Key concepts
2608:Bodhisattvas
2420:Three Jewels
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2250:
2229:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:the original
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2136:. Retrieved
2121:. Retrieved
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:the original
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2004:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:the original
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1933:
1904:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1788:
1774:
1765:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1708:
1697:, retrieved
1685:
1673:
1663:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1624:
1610:
1586:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1512:
1490:
1484:
1475:
1445:
1427:
1421:
1406:
1397:
1358:
1328:
1297:
1279:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1095:Novice monks
981:
719:
712:
644:
640:
605:
573:
567:
534:
530:
526:
517:
510:
467:Pagan Empire
459:
435:
422:Khmer Empire
419:
393:Samaratungga
381:Manjusrigrha
358:
324:
318:bodhisattvas
312:Khmer Empire
305:
297:Central Java
218:
215:
211:
207:
204:
173:Khmer Empire
85:
48:
47:
26:
4775:Dharma talk
4604:Asalha Puja
4400:Eschatology
4203:Switzerland
4183:New Zealand
4111:Middle East
4020:Philippines
3940:Afghanistan
3745:Bodhidharma
3730:Buddhaghosa
3650:Householder
3560:Monasticism
3513:Bodhisattva
3368:Prostration
3321:Mindfulness
3249:Anapanasati
3232:Kammaṭṭhāna
3029:Korean Seon
2969:Asura realm
2964:Human realm
2904:Ten Fetters
2859:Parinirvana
2761:Uppalavanna
2726:Mahākaccana
2711:Mahākassapa
2643:Kṣitigarbha
2638:Ākāśagarbha
2535:Suddhodāna
2480:Four sights
2407:Foundations
2138:20 November
2123:20 November
2016:20 November
1879:. state.gov
1800:20 November
1760:15 November
1063:Philippines
965:Philippines
661:Bodhisttvas
649:bodhisattva
497:government.
412:Bodhisattva
369:Panangkaran
93:influence.
41:in Central
5005:Categories
4892:Psychology
4872:Gnosticism
4860:Comparison
4855:Influences
4837:Comparison
4720:Bhavacakra
4678:Kushinagar
4653:Pilgrimage
4599:Māgha Pūjā
4554:Bodhi Tree
4370:Buddhology
4360:Abhidharma
4352:Philosophy
4285:Menander I
4153:Costa Rica
4104:Uzbekistan
3945:Bangladesh
3899:Dhammapada
3883:Pali Canon
3845:Ajahn Chah
3825:Dalai Lama
3725:Kumārajīva
3720:Vasubandhu
3695:The Buddha
3603:Zen master
3538:Sakadagami
3518:Buddhahood
3449:Pratimokṣa
3264:Shikantaza
3220:Meditation
3195:Deity yoga
3066:Madhyamaka
2959:Deva realm
2854:Mindstream
2804:Bodhicitta
2716:Aṅgulimāla
2583:Devadatta
2559:Yaśodharā
2462:The Buddha
2452:Middle Way
2255:"Buddhism"
2101:16 January
1646:12 October
1232:References
1034:following.
1004:influence.
942:East Timor
667:bodhisttva
655:bodhisttva
630:Statue of
580:Noble Path
501:See also:
443:Mon people
405:statue of
346:Sailendras
165:Indosphere
5021:Theravada
4960:Festivals
4940:Buddhists
4902:Theosophy
4705:Symbolism
4695:Hama yumi
4668:Bodh Gaya
4435:Socialism
4410:Evolution
4385:Economics
4223:Venezuela
4138:Australia
4133:Argentina
4057:Sri Lanka
4052:Singapore
3970:Indonesia
3932:Countries
3873:Tripiṭaka
3835:Ajahn Mun
3710:Nagarjuna
3705:Aśvaghoṣa
3588:Anagārika
3583:Śrāmaṇerī
3578:Śrāmaṇera
3573:Bhikkhunī
3533:Sotāpanna
3422:Passaddhi
3363:Offerings
3338:Nekkhamma
3215:Iddhipada
3135:Practices
3105:Theravada
3078:Vajrayana
3071:Yogachara
3041:Pure Land
2954:Six Paths
2941:Cosmology
2721:Anuruddha
2696:Sāriputta
2686:Kaundinya
2678:Disciples
2653:Vajrapāṇi
2505:Footprint
2470:Tathāgata
2134:. Cia.gov
2012:. Cia.gov
1796:. Cia.gov
1383:cite book
1271:1749-8171
1237:Footnotes
1179:Vipassanā
1050:Singapore
1044:Indonesia
1031:Sinhalese
997:Buddhism.
919:Indonesia
827:Singapore
576:Theravāda
513:Max Weber
403:Cambodian
389:Borobudur
365:Sailendra
342:Vajrayāna
338:Indonesia
330:Palembang
326:Srivijaya
308:Srivijaya
285:Padmapani
260:A bronze
199:Borobudur
169:Srivijaya
135:Indonesia
123:Singapore
115:Singapore
107:Srivijaya
103:Sailendra
99:Theravāda
95:Indonesia
57:Theravāda
37:Buddhist
35:Borobudur
5026:Mahayana
4978:Category
4907:Violence
4877:Hinduism
4825:Sanskrit
4780:Hinayana
4765:Amitābha
4725:Swastika
4594:Uposatha
4584:Holidays
4569:Calendar
4415:Humanism
4253:Kanishka
4243:Timeline
4067:Thailand
4035:Kalmykia
4030:Buryatia
4015:Pakistan
4000:Mongolia
3995:Maldives
3990:Malaysia
3955:Cambodia
3820:Shamarpa
3815:Nichiren
3765:Xuanzang
3700:Nagasena
3618:Rinpoche
3348:Pāramitā
3190:Devotion
3110:Navayana
3098:Dzogchen
3061:Nichiren
3009:Mahayana
3001:Branches
2879:Saṅkhāra
2628:Mañjuśrī
2585:(cousin)
2577:(cousin)
2545:(mother)
2537:(father)
2525:Miracles
2475:Birthday
2392:Glossary
2365:Buddhism
2253:. 2014.
1923:Archived
1912:Archived
1730:25 March
1690:archived
1637:Archived
1568:41308138
1305:Archived
1287:Archived
1118:See also
1019:Malaysia
1008:Cambodia
988:Thailand
850:Malaysia
758:Thailand
735:Cambodia
684:Wat Arun
601:sāmaṇera
597:Pabbajjā
262:Maitreya
127:Malaysia
119:Malaysia
113:, as in
69:Cambodia
65:Thailand
4955:Temples
4935:Buddhas
4897:Science
4887:Judaism
4882:Jainism
4800:Lineage
4760:Abhijñā
4730:Thangka
4673:Sarnath
4658:Lumbini
4579:Funeral
4574:Cuisine
4450:Culture
4425:Reality
4375:Creator
4365:Atomism
4235:History
4208:Ukraine
4168:Germany
4087:Senegal
4077:Vietnam
4005:Myanmar
3805:Shinran
3795:Karmapa
3770:Shandao
3740:Dignāga
3665:Śrāvaka
3645:Donchee
3640:Kappiya
3598:Sayadaw
3568:Bhikkhu
3543:Anāgāmi
3500:Nirvana
3466:Samadhi
3353:Paritta
3294:Tonglen
3289:Mandala
3244:Smarana
3225:Mantras
3173:Upekkha
3143:Bhavana
3093:Shingon
3046:Tiantai
2899:Tathātā
2889:Śūnyatā
2884:Skandha
2874:Saṃsāra
2869:Rebirth
2844:Kleshas
2834:Indriya
2736:Subhūti
2621:Guanyin
2575:Ānanda
2567:Rāhula
2447:Nirvana
2387:Outline
2205:28 July
2179:28 July
2157:28 July
2068:28 July
2042:28 July
1983:28 July
1948:28 July
1883:30 July
1861:28 July
1839:28 July
1767:Million
1699:4 April
1635:. NSO.
1592:149–181
1174:Awgatha
1170:Shinbyu
1099:Myanmar
1001:Vietnam
994:Myanmar
970:
947:
924:
901:
878:
873:Vietnam
855:
832:
809:
786:
781:Myanmar
763:
740:
720:Percent
713:Country
593:Bhikkhu
585:Nibbāna
493:by the
385:Plaosan
377:Kalasan
334:Sumatra
195:ascetic
141:History
91:Chinese
87:Vietnam
77:Myanmar
4950:Sutras
4945:Suttas
4810:Siddhi
4795:Koliya
4770:Brahmā
4685:Poetry
4631:Mantra
4621:Kasaya
4493:Pagoda
4473:Kyaung
4468:Vihāra
4463:Temple
4405:Ethics
4248:Ashoka
4198:Sweden
4193:Poland
4188:Norway
4178:Mexico
4163:France
4148:Canada
4143:Brazil
4082:Africa
4062:Taiwan
4025:Russia
3950:Bhutan
3910:Vinaya
3790:Naropa
3780:Saraha
3715:Asanga
3471:Prajñā
3380:Refuge
3343:Nianfo
3304:Tertön
3299:Tantra
3284:Ganana
3274:Tukdam
3200:Dhyāna
3168:Mudita
3163:Karuṇā
3056:Risshū
3051:Huayan
2984:Naraka
2924:Anattā
2919:Dukkha
2914:Anicca
2819:Dharma
2771:Channa
2706:Ānanda
2691:Assaji
2658:Skanda
2561:(wife)
2530:Family
2510:Relics
2435:Sangha
2430:Dharma
2425:Buddha
1598:
1566:
1525:
1452:
1371:
1335:
1269:
1199:&
1190:&
1181:&
1172:&
1057:Brunei
1027:Khmers
962:
939:
916:
896:Brunei
893:
870:
847:
824:
801:
778:
755:
732:
699:(2019
589:Vinaya
562:Sangha
426:Angkor
350:Yijing
289:Chaiya
175:, and
153:, and
133:, and
131:Brunei
4922:Lists
4790:Kalpa
4785:Iddhi
4648:Music
4643:Mudra
4609:Vassa
4589:Vesak
4559:Budai
4505:Candi
4488:Stupa
4420:Logic
4173:Italy
4072:Tibet
4010:Nepal
3980:Korea
3975:Japan
3965:India
3960:China
3905:Sutra
3860:Texts
3810:Dōgen
3800:Hōnen
3785:Atiśa
3750:Zhiyi
3660:Achar
3628:Tulku
3623:Geshe
3608:Rōshi
3593:Ajahn
3548:Arhat
3508:Bodhi
3478:Vīrya
3395:Sacca
3390:Satya
3385:Sādhu
3373:Music
3316:Merit
3309:Terma
3269:Zazen
3205:Faith
3158:Mettā
2839:Karma
2799:Bardo
2766:Asita
2756:Khema
2746:Upāli
2731:Nanda
2569:(son)
2543:Māyā
2520:Films
2397:Index
2175:. CIA
2095:(PDF)
2088:(PDF)
1857:. CIA
1724:(PDF)
1717:(PDF)
1693:(PDF)
1682:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1633:(PDF)
1564:JSTOR
1519:1–130
1365:1–162
1066:2016.
1023:Thais
974:0.03%
928:0.77%
882:16.4%
859:18.7%
836:33.9%
790:90.1%
767:94.5%
744:97.1%
707:2015)
447:Burma
354:Chola
246:Bidor
39:stupa
4820:Pāḷi
4805:Māra
4715:Flag
4116:Iran
4040:Tuva
3985:Laos
3613:Lama
3461:Śīla
3429:Śīla
3417:Pīti
3407:Sati
3358:Puja
3279:Koan
3185:Dāna
2776:Yasa
2663:Tārā
2207:2013
2181:2013
2159:2013
2140:2011
2125:2011
2103:2011
2070:2013
2044:2013
2018:2011
1985:2013
1950:2013
1885:2013
1863:2013
1841:2013
1802:2011
1762:2020
1732:2019
1701:2023
1648:2017
1596:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1389:link
1369:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1267:ISSN
1038:Laos
951:0.1%
905:8.6%
804:Laos
622:nun.
505:and
117:and
105:and
97:was
73:Laos
55:and
43:Java
4542:Art
4478:Wat
3014:Zen
1943:CIA
1556:doi
1259:doi
1188:Wat
1097:in
1013:Wat
813:66%
521:Nat
336:in
5007::
4044:ru
2144:,
2129:,
1941:.
1918:,
1830:.
1764:.
1684:,
1594:.
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1562:.
1552:25
1550:.
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2183:.
2161:.
2142:.
2127:.
2105:.
2072:.
2046:.
2020:.
1987:.
1952:.
1887:.
1865:.
1843:.
1804:.
1782:.
1734:.
1650:.
1618:.
1604:.
1570:.
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1377:.
1341:.
1273:.
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