1271:
1616:
6570:
554:
6389:
45:
771:
1747:), he described the atmosphere in Bucharest at the time, as follows: "Bewilderment, fear, doubt. Russian soldiers rape women (as Dina Cocea was saying yesterday). Soldiers stop cars, let the driver and passengers out, get behind the wheel, and take off. Stores looted. This afternoon, at Zaharia, three of them broke in the safe, taking watches (The watch is the toy they like the best)". Sebastian died in a tram accident just weeks after the Soviet Army occupied Romania. In 2004, American playwright
1098:
512:
1493:, and the political sections inside the army. With the passage of time, the number of Soviet advisers gradually increased, while at the same time their positions became permanent. In November 1952, there were 105 permanent and 17 temporary Soviet adviser positions in military schools. After 1955, their number began to decrease: 72 in 1955, 63 in 1956, 25 in 1957, and 10 in 1958.
1270:
839:. To this day, this remains a sensitive subject; for instance, in late 2018, the Russian Embassy in Romania denounced "the existence in Romania of a campaign of denigration against the Red Army," by means of which the Soviet soldiers were presented as "a gang of robbers and rapists," instead of "liberators of Romania." Historians
1237:
After the conclusion of the
Armistice Agreement in 1944, Soviet troops occupied the entire territory of Romania. Estimates of troop levels vary between 750,000 and 1 million (estimates of British military officials), to between 1 and 1.5 million (estimates of the Romanian General Staff); many Western
1735:
was performing in
Bucharest a year after the arrival of Soviet troops. He used to satirize the soldiers' habit of "requisitioning" all personal property in sight (in particular, wristwatches and coats), demanding them by saying, "Davai ceas, davai palton". There are differing accounts of his demise,
1488:
Soviet officers were appointed as advisers charged with supervising the thorough reorganization of the army. They held leadership and surveillance positions in the main institutions of the state, but also in areas of lesser importance. In the beginning, they only held a few positions in the
Ministry
1596:
government ordered the forced transportation by train of
Transylvanian Saxons to the Soviet Union. In a protest dated January 13, 1945, the Rădescu government affirmed the Romanian government's duty to protect each of its citizens, regardless of ethnic origin, and noted the absence of a legal basis
1421:
representatives. The manpower of the
Romanian army was limited by the Paris Peace Treaty to a total of 138,000 (officers and troops); however, under the Soviet occupation it grew far beyond the limits imposed by the treaty, through increasing militarization of Romania's population. By 1953, regular
1022:
Upon the coming into force of the present Treaty, all Allied Forces shall, within a period of 90 days, be withdrawn from
Roumania, subject to the right of the Soviet Union to keep on Roumanian territory such armed forces as it may need for the maintenance of the lines of communication of the Soviet
805:
The coup facilitated the advance of the Red Army into
Romania at an accelerated pace, and enabled the combined Romanian and Soviet armies to liberate the country from the German occupation. In the absence of an actual signed armistice, the Soviet troops continued to treat the Romanians as a hostile
896:
The
Government and High Command of Rumania will ensure to the Soviet and other Allied forces facilities for free movement on Rumanian territory in any direction if required by the military situation, the Rumanian Government and High Command of Rumania giving such movement every possible assistance
1496:
After 1945, new military regulations were developed, following the templates of the Red Army, and they were finalized in 1949–1952. Consequently, a number of officers and military students were sent to the Soviet Union to complete their training. Between 1949 and 1952, 717 Romanian students were
1659:
equipment to
Romania, at systematically overvalued prices. The total value of goods sent from Romania to the Soviet Union was estimated at 2 billion dollars, exceeding by far the amount of war reparations demanded by the Soviets. By 1952, 85% of Romanian exports were directed towards the Soviet
2768:
comes from the
Country Studies Program, formerly the Army Area Handbook Program. The Country Studies Series presents a description and analysis of the historical setting and the social, economic, political, and national security systems and institutions of countries throughout the world." See
1997:"The first period of communist rule in Romania, 1944-1958 is defined by Stefan Fisher Galati as the loss of national identity by the destruction of the "bourgeois nationalist" legacy and the diminution of Romania's national sovereignty under a virtual Soviet occupation." Constantin Iordachi, "
1639:
on May 8, 1945. In theory, the purpose of these ventures was to generate funding for post-war reconstruction efforts. However, their real purpose was to provide resources for the Soviet side. Generally, they were a contributing factor to the draining of Romania's resources, in addition to the
901:
Article 11 of the same agreement stipulated that Romania will compensate the Soviet Union for losses suffered in the war "to the amount of three hundred million United States dollars payable over six years in commodities (oil products, grain, timber products, seagoing and river craft, sundry
860:
2114:
1917:"In June 1958, based on complex arrangements between the Romanians, the Russians, and the Yugoslavs, the occupying Soviet Army units left Romania." Tismăneanu, p. 25. "Romanian communists remained an unappealing marginal group until the occupation of the country by the Red Army in 1944."
1597:
for the deportation of the Transylvanian Saxons. The expellees were gradually allowed to return to Romania between late 1945 and 1949, though it is estimated that up to 10,000 perished during the expulsion or while in the Soviet Union. Such deportations would be outlawed in 1949 by the
1652:. At the agreement on reparations signed in Bucharest on January 16, 1945, the Soviets imposed the dollar as the reference currency at its exchange rate in 1938; due to the dollar's devaluation in the meantime, in actuality the reparations amounted to 384 million dollars.
2784:
Ion Alexandrescu, "1945–1956: Din "cleștele" German — în brațele "fratelui" de la răsărit. Societățile mixte sovieto-române (Sovrom)" ("1945–1956: From the German "Tongs" — into the Arms of the Eastern "Brother". Mixed Soviet-Romanian Societies (Sovrom)"), in
2580:"Lista produselor luate de ruși din România, incepând cu 1944, ca despăgubiri de război. Cum au generat jaful făcut de Moscova și interdicția de a participa la Planul Marshall retardul economic sever față de Europa pe care țara noastră se chinuie și azi să-l recupereze"
810:
virtually dictated." The coup effectively amounted to a "capitulation", an "unconditional" "surrender" to the Soviets and the rest of the Allies. In the wake of the cease fire order given by King Michael, between 114,000 and 160,000 Romanian soldiers were taken
2579:
2214:
910:
will be established which will undertake until the conclusion of peace the regulation of and control over the execution of the present terms under the general direction and orders of the Allied (Soviet) High Command, acting on behalf of the Allied
1296:(2,500 planes in each country). The troop levels surged to a high of 615,000 in March 1946, but they were drawn down after the conclusion of the Peace Treaty in 1947. By the end of 1946, Soviet units in Romania were concentrated in four areas:
1921:, p. 59. "The Soviet Army occupied Romanian territory and ... the Soviet-controlled political formation called the RCP was exploiting this state of affairs to establish a Stalinist regime as soon as possible, whatever the human cost."
819:
By August 30, Soviet troops had reached Bucharest; by September 12, the Red Army had already gained control over much of the Romanian territory. Under the terms of its Armistice Agreement with the Allies, Romania became subject to an
1591:
government, at the request of the Allied Control Commission, began arresting young Romanian citizens of German descent, who were eventually placed at the disposal of the Soviet command. At the request of the Allied Commission, the
1422:
army forces had grown to approximately 300,000; reserve army forces to approximately 135,000; and "interior" forces (border guards, security brigades, et al.) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior to over 325,000.
815:
by the Soviets without resisting, and they were forced to march to remote detention camps, located in the Soviet Union; according to survivors interviewed in a 2004 documentary, up to a third of the prisoners perished on the way.
1634:
were Soviet-Romanian joint ventures established on Romanian territory at the end of World War II, and lasting until 1954–1956. An agreement between the two countries regarding the establishment of these enterprises was signed in
273:
1429:
elements were purged from the Romanian armed forces. In 1944–45, two divisions composed of Romanian volunteers— former prisoners of war, trained in the Soviet Union during the war, and also Communist activists such as
850:
and Vadim Guzun disputed these assertions, the latter noting that "the USSR occupied, dismembered and Sovietized Romania. Red Army atrocities cannot be washed away with offensive statements, which disagree with the truth."
1781:
officer, who forces him into service as a model for German propaganda. Imprisoned after the war, he is severely beaten by his Russian captors, then put on trial by Allied forces because of his work for the Nazis. In 1967,
2215:"80 de ani de la ocuparea Bucureștiului de Armata Roșie. 30 august 1944: "Prin Șoseaua Colentina au intrat în oraș hoarde de sălbatici zdrențăroși și desculți călare pe tancuri, camioane și motociclete americane""
2023:
1928:"The primary focus is the occupation of the rest of Romania from 1944 to 1958...There is little doubt that the Soviet occupation had a devastating economic, political, and social impact on Romania."
1551:
conquests and guarantee the safety of the Romanian People's Republic against both internal and external enemies." The first Director of the Securitate was Soviet intelligence operative
1683:, they were replaced by local villagers, who were completely unaware of the fact that they were working with radioactive material. Romania secretly delivered 17,288 tons of
1523:
operations in Romania was colonel Nikolai Petrovich Zudov. The General Directorate of the Security of the People (Romanian initials: DGSP, but more commonly just called the
1715:, and had actually waged war on the Soviet Union. As a result, Soviet occupation weighted heavier on the Romanian people, and the troops themselves were less disciplined."
1257:
was met with force, resulting in dozens of casualties. Soviet officers restrained Romanian soldiers and police from firing on civilians, and Soviet troops restored order.
678:. On the other hand, most Western and Romanian anti-communist sources use the term "Soviet occupation of Romania," some applying it to the whole period from 1944 to 1958.
4953:
4698:
2842:
4299:
2020:
1950:
6311:
4315:
1324:. Troop levels reached a relatively stable level from May 1948 until October 1956: two full divisions, plus supporting units adding up to roughly a third division.
3093:
4642:
2304:
4238:
4210:
3354:
1458:
took the reins of power, 30% of officers and noncommissioned officers (mostly experienced soldiers, but at the same time a potential source of opposition to the
1077:
1615:
6673:
6290:
4962:
4649:
3776:
832:, while the Soviet military command exercised predominant, de facto authority. Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina were again incorporated into the Soviet Union.
3055:
Liviu Țăranu, "RPR-URSS: Relații economice în numele "internaționalismului proletar" (Communist Romania and Soviet Union: Economic Relations in the 50s)", in
6494:
5265:
4628:
3930:
3555:
2428:
1497:
being trained in the USSR, while in 1958 471 Romanian military students were pursuing education in the USSR. Their number decreased in the following years.
1092:
1018:
entered into force. Article 21, paragraph 1 of the new treaty provided the legal foundation for continued and unlimited Soviet military presence in Romania:
705:
604:
330:
4271:
4217:
3403:
1578:
840:
4735:
4224:
3840:
1540:
663:
of 1947 provided a legal basis for the Soviet military presence in Romania, which lasted until 1958, reaching a peak of some 615,000 personnel in 1946.
3250:
2926:
1516:
2466:
2134:
603:. The fate of the territories held by Romania after 1918 that were incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 is treated separately in the article on
6547:
4621:
4061:
3937:
1559:
987:
3914:
3294:
4351:
3663:
835:
At the beginning of the occupation, pillaging and rapes of Romanian women by Soviet soldiers were recorded, prefiguring the eventual epidemic of
577:
3009:, ""Umbrela protectoare" a consilierilor sovietici. Armata Roșie în România (Prolonged and Defying Stationing of Soviet Troops in Romania)", in
666:
The Soviets and the Romanian communists referred to the events of August 1944 as the "liberation of Romania by the glorious Soviet Army" in the
6569:
4170:
3472:
919:
The Rumanian Government and their organs shall fulfill all instructions of the Allied Control Commission arising out of the Armistice Agreement
6183:
2737:
4969:
4932:
4909:
4423:
3345:
3315:
2717:
4684:
3035:, "Doctrină, metode și procedee de luptă de inspirație sovietică (War Doctrine, Fighting Methods and Procedures of Soviet Inspiration)", in
5062:
4918:
4902:
4874:
4115:
3322:
2776:
2175:
1548:
540:
203:
6668:
6442:
5826:
4886:
4798:
4742:
4705:
3980:
2191:
1817:
745:
6698:
6653:
4791:
3516:
2365:
6304:
4925:
3308:
3266:
1414:
2688:
1773:
and Soviet occupation. Johann is sent to a labor camp by a police captain who covets his wife, Suzanna. At first, he is tagged as a
6713:
6708:
6451:
6153:
3958:
3732:
3495:
3361:
3172:
1443:
6683:
6552:
5041:
4838:
4490:
3868:
3368:
3280:
3216:
1451:
6663:
6506:
5244:
4756:
3599:
3137:
2532:
675:
6638:
5847:
5752:
5272:
5018:
4893:
3972:
3946:
3803:
3509:
3426:
2905:
836:
2830:
1477:. This reorganization involved the adoption of the Soviet model of military and political organization, and a change of the
6648:
6643:
6487:
6080:
5480:
5366:
4531:
3991:
3987:
3965:
3569:
1043:
1024:
640:
on August 23, 1944. On that date, the king announced that Romania had unilaterally ceased all military actions against the
6511:
5995:
5452:
4784:
4770:
3976:
2470:
1469:
seizure of political power, the Sovietization of the Romanian army went into full gear, under the supervision of the new
821:
736:. Following the recapturing of the territory annexed by the Soviet Union in June 1940, Romanian troops occupied Southern
618:
3045:
Mircea Tănase, "Relații româno-sovietice sub cupola parașutei (The Paratroopers and the Romanian-Soviet Relations)", in
1945:"The withdrawal of Soviet troops signified the end of the country's direct military occupation, which lasted 14 years."
755:
had regained control over most of the Soviet territory, and was advancing westward beyond the borders of USSR to defeat
6477:
6204:
6073:
5951:
5522:
5237:
5188:
4946:
4501:
3746:
3585:
3433:
3287:
1696:
1036:
420:
315:
1260:
The estimated strength of Soviet forces stationed in Romania (including air, navy, ground, and security troops), from
6693:
6678:
6524:
6482:
6320:
5195:
5167:
4984:
4566:
4278:
4245:
2998:
2980:
2955:
2879:
2821:
2253:
2060:
1991:
1958:
1904:
1885:
1870:
1454:
from 1946 to 1947). These two units were to form the nucleus of the new Romanian Army under Soviet control. Once the
1250:
1070:
3461:
3079:
1675:, under a name that was meant to conceal the true object of its activity. Its initial workforce consisted of 15,000
1481:
of combat and defense, in the context of Romania's integration into the Soviet strategic system, at the dawn of the
1331:
in 1955 the reason for the presence of Soviet troops as stated in the Paris Peace Treaties ceased to exist, Premier
6658:
6357:
5508:
5445:
4580:
4409:
3532:
3022:, "Scurtă "cronică" a consilierilor (Soviet Counsellors in the Romanian Army. A Brief Historical Perspective)", in
1063:
533:
325:
305:
132:
4086:
6472:
6435:
5881:
5722:
5711:
5540:
5299:
5258:
5151:
5089:
4469:
3739:
3608:
3576:
1972:
1015:
4256:
3824:
876:
783:
691:
671:
6597:
6267:
6239:
6117:
5910:
5140:
4591:
4517:
4306:
3677:
3396:
3301:
3186:
2968:
1891:"The country had to endure a long Soviet occupation (until 1958), and to pay the Soviets massive reparations."
931:
430:
310:
62:
3105:
1846:
The term "occupation" is widely used by Western and post-Revolutionary Romanian historians. Examples include:
6590:
6327:
6260:
6211:
6142:
5967:
5466:
5417:
5181:
5174:
4777:
4538:
4322:
3375:
2897:
1051:
975:
907:
600:
444:
381:
349:
258:
6537:
6401:
6297:
5672:
5626:
4545:
4373:
4358:
4285:
4264:
4082:
3546:
3539:
3523:
3234:
3193:
3165:
1343:
667:
611:
410:
278:
253:
2847:
44:
6603:
6518:
6364:
5688:
5633:
5251:
5223:
5076:
4691:
4670:
4184:
3847:
3753:
3243:
3073:
2761:
2002:
1812:
1766:
1435:
1274:
687:
526:
425:
415:
400:
24:
621:
that took place between the months of April and August of that year, while Romania was still an ally of
161:
6428:
6162:
5651:
5570:
5515:
5403:
5359:
5009:
4635:
4559:
4454:
4331:
4203:
4196:
4156:
4129:
3861:
3794:
3389:
3200:
3130:
2765:
1736:
in August 1945, but one of them states that he was found dead two days after one of his satirical acts.
1688:
1645:
1346:
of November 1956. Soviet troop facilities inside Romania were off limits to all Romanians at the time.
1009:
733:
660:
128:
77:
6703:
6688:
6542:
6064:
5981:
5766:
5619:
5591:
5424:
5329:
5119:
4552:
3619:
3273:
2795:
Florian Banu, "Uraniu românesc pentru "marele frate"" ("Romanian Uranium for the "Big Brother""), in
2305:"Ambasada Rusiei mistifică istoria: Soldații sovietici n-au comis atrocități în România. Reacția MAE"
1691:. Uranium mining continued there until 1961. All ore was shipped abroad for processing, initially to
1588:
3817:
1967:(who had, as an OSS officer, witnessed the brutal Soviet occupation of Romania)", David F. Rudgers,
553:
5803:
5780:
5025:
4826:
4819:
4476:
4136:
4108:
4101:
3488:
2245:
1822:
1598:
1531:, an NKVD unit charged with dismantling the existing intelligence agencies and replacing them with
1466:
1455:
760:
146:
3833:
3810:
2398:"The 1945 Ethridge Mission to Bulgaria and Romania and the Origins of the Cold War in the Balkans"
1910:"Soviet occupation forces in Romania unlimited interference in Romanian political life." Verona (
1042:. The Peace Treaty with Romania was signed on February 10, 1947, in the Salon de l'Horloge of the
6466:
6225:
6169:
6039:
5899:
5577:
5230:
5126:
5032:
4600:
4461:
4431:
4395:
4380:
4252:
4144:
4122:
4068:
4054:
4036:
3700:
3481:
3209:
3158:
3083:
1047:
1039:
897:
with their own means of communications and at their own expense on land, on water and in the air.
565:
492:
335:
223:
156:
141:
114:
104:
2172:
472:
6618:
5917:
5810:
5605:
5556:
5459:
5352:
5322:
5105:
4993:
4719:
4510:
4094:
4075:
4045:
3592:
3562:
2990:
1335:
announced that these troops would stay as long as foreign soldiers continue to be stationed in
1332:
1059:
979:
795:
641:
630:
557:
300:
151:
2960:
1655:
The Soviet contribution to the creation of the SovRoms consisted mostly in reselling leftover
6584:
6408:
6131:
5974:
5870:
5840:
5796:
5665:
5529:
5494:
5487:
5410:
5308:
4749:
4726:
4573:
4177:
3714:
3454:
3440:
3123:
2986:
2682:
1328:
1261:
845:
268:
166:
72:
54:
4012:
1527:) was officially founded on August 30, 1948, by Decree 221/30. The Securitate was set up by
6232:
6087:
5738:
5695:
5658:
5584:
5394:
5373:
4292:
3769:
3447:
2972:
2866:
Constantin Hlihor and Ioan Scurtu, "The Red Army in Romania", Center for Romanian Studies,
2813:
1862:
1787:
1649:
1584:
864:
791:
729:
637:
573:
248:
243:
190:
171:
91:
3098:
2931:
2835:
2696:
2032:
1732:
8:
6350:
6124:
6002:
5958:
5473:
4607:
4366:
3893:
3723:
3707:
3656:
2985:
Sergiu Verona, "Military Occupation and Diplomacy: Soviet Troops in Romania, 1944-1958",
2278:
2121:
2030:(from the Proclamation to The Nation of King Michael I on the night of August 23, 1944),
1999:
The Anatomy of a Historical Conflict: Romanian-Hungarian Diplomatic Conflict in the 1980s
1711:, David Stone notes: "Unlike Bulgaria, Romania had few cultural and historical ties with
1680:
1544:
1470:
775:
405:
362:
1687:
ore to the Soviet Union between 1952 and 1960, which was used, at least in part, in the
6530:
6343:
6176:
6101:
6055:
6025:
5933:
5773:
5431:
5315:
5209:
5160:
5098:
4854:
4805:
4614:
4231:
3886:
3684:
2769:
sections "Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation" and "Postwar Romania, 1944-85."
2474:
2141:
1876:"Soviet occupation troops had been withdrawn in 1958." Gordon L. Rottman, Ron Volstad,
1827:
1676:
1564:
1474:
1073:
992:
292:
208:
33:
2154:
1593:
6334:
6218:
6108:
6048:
6009:
5942:
5924:
5890:
5833:
5787:
5731:
5549:
5287:
5279:
5216:
5069:
4663:
4188:
3649:
3628:
3338:
2994:
2976:
2951:
2911:
2901:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2857:
2817:
2259:
2249:
1987:
1954:
1900:
1881:
1866:
1552:
1478:
1285:
956:
1854:
806:
force. The armistice was signed three weeks later, on September 12, 1944, "on terms
6253:
6246:
6190:
5854:
5612:
5598:
5501:
5438:
5389:
5202:
5055:
5002:
4812:
4763:
4677:
3900:
3877:
3410:
2871:
2812:("On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism"),
2805:
1740:
1301:
1277:
978:, Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Adjutant of His Majesty the King of Rumania
868:
582:
569:
67:
3419:
1968:
1447:
1055:
983:
6276:
5988:
5903:
5861:
5759:
5702:
5563:
5345:
5336:
4865:
4440:
4416:
3670:
3069:
2744:
2724:
2692:
2433:
2179:
2064:
2027:
1998:
1668:
1439:
1284:
During the second half of 1946, more than half of the combat capabilities of the
1066:
955:
representative of the Allied (Soviet) High Command, Marshal of the Soviet Union,
946:
812:
634:
320:
198:
6388:
1769:'s best-known book depicts the plight of a young farmhand, Johann Moritz, under
770:
6283:
5819:
5745:
3783:
3642:
2397:
2393:
2332:
1791:
1641:
1536:
1246:
964:
829:
516:
263:
176:
2242:
The Russians in Germany: a history of the Soviet Zone of occupation, 1945–1949
6632:
6094:
4005:
3854:
3693:
3032:
3019:
3006:
1938:
1850:
1795:
1756:
1556:
1490:
1459:
1014:
The effect of the Armistice Agreement ceased on September 15, 1947, when the
960:
872:
825:
787:
2915:
2263:
1849:"Soviet forces occupied Romania in 1944 and stayed for more than a decade."
1097:
6393:
6197:
4483:
4388:
4019:
3382:
3146:
1964:
1770:
1748:
1672:
1656:
1620:
1532:
1431:
1426:
1336:
1080:
799:
782:
On August 23, 1944, King Michael, supported by all major parties, launched
756:
741:
725:
717:
713:
626:
622:
596:
213:
2192:"Pamfil Șeicaru despre 23 August: 'Mai multă rușine, mai puține victime' "
2080:
2057:
1342:
Soviet troops stationed in Romania participated in the suppression of the
1313:
6032:
6018:
5680:
4342:
4163:
4148:
3502:
1929:
1892:
1783:
1699:; the uranium concentrate was then used exclusively by the Soviet Union.
1418:
1413:
The Soviet occupation of Romania led to a complete reorganization of the
939:
645:
561:
218:
109:
3106:"Paris-WWII Peace Conference-1946: Settling Romania's Western Frontiers"
1692:
744:. However, Romania's eastern campaign ended in disaster, notably at the
652:
occupied most of Romania as enemy territory prior to the signing of the
625:. The rest of the territory was occupied after Romania changed sides in
6617:
indicate countries occupied while the Soviet Union was a member of the
5380:
5133:
5112:
3998:
3331:
3259:
3112:, has pictures of the Romanian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference
2861:
2400:, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Volume 17, no. 1, March 2006, pp. 93–112.
1799:
1524:
1506:
1309:
697:
2366:"Manifestația anti-comunistă din 8 noiembrie 1945, înabușită în sânge"
1912:
Military Occupation and Diplomacy: Soviet Troops in Romania, 1944-1958
1587:
from Romania that was initiated in January 1945. In October 1944, the
1555:. Alexandru Nicolschi (by then a general) and another Soviet officer,
1321:
644:, accepted the Allied armistice offer, and joined the war against the
457:
6420:
5643:
5048:
4845:
4656:
4447:
4402:
2943:
2853:
1512:
1254:
935:
924:
614:
offensive of 1944, the Soviet Army occupied the northwestern part of
497:
3923:
2965:
Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism
2852:, "The New Rumania: from People's Democracy to Socialist Republic",
1859:
Romania Versus the United States: Diplomacy of the Absurd, 1985–1989
1317:
871:(the highest Soviet order) for his personal courage in overthrowing
6500:
3907:
3635:
2309:
1708:
1482:
1242:
764:
752:
701:
649:
615:
482:
477:
462:
2884:
2810:
Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc
1238:
diplomats and experts refer to more than 1 million Soviet troops.
1684:
1297:
1293:
859:
737:
721:
709:
487:
467:
2867:
1743:
was among the eyewitnesses to the events of 1944. In his diary (
1702:
595:
refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the
4524:
3115:
3109:
2947:
2533:"Statul sovietic paralel în România. Rețeaua colonelului Zudov"
1778:
1712:
1636:
1610:
1528:
1289:
889:
807:
653:
2457:
Assembly of Captive European Nations, First Session, pp. 65–67
1500:
923:
and that The Allied Control Commission would have its seat in
4712:
2467:"Development of the Romanian Armed Forces after World War II"
2157:
2021:"The Dictatorship Has Ended and along with It All Oppression"
1305:
1032:
888:
Article 3 of the Armistice Agreement with Romania (signed in
681:
452:
99:
1288:
were residing outside the USSR, with the largest portion in
798:. As a result, King Michael was the last monarch behind the
2196:
2136:"King Proclaims Nation's Surrender and Wish to Help Allies"
2099:
Războiul României pentru reîntregirea națională (1941–1945)
1774:
1520:
879:
and for putting an end to Romania's war against the Allies.
648:. As no formal armistice offer had been extended yet, the
1759:, starring actor Stephen Kunken in the role of Sebastian.
1519:
on a large scale. Starting in October 1944, the chief of
1583:
The Red Army took part in the expulsion of up to 70,000
949:
signatories to the armistice as indicated therein were:
930:
In line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement, two
3070:
Romania and peace conditions after the Second World War
2155:"Bulgaria – Bulgarian resistance to the Axis alliance,"
1078:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
824:, composed of representatives of the Soviet Union, the
3777:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1984:
The Soviet Occupation in Romania – Documents 1944-1946
1707:
Comparing the Soviet occupation of Romania to that of
1425:
At the inception of this organizational overhaul, pro-
1349:
1086:
1093:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
605:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
331:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1579:
Expulsion of Germans from Romania after World War II
587:, at the Soviet legation în Bucharest, 11 March 1945
1980:
Ocupația sovietică în România – Documente 1944-1946
1511:Immediately following the August 23, 1944, events,
959:, duly authorized hereto by the Governments of the
915:In the Annex to Article 18, it was made clear that
902:machinery, et cetera)." Article 18 stipulated that
1543:, was led until 1948 by the former NKVD operative
1535:-style bodies in the Soviet-occupied countries of
1046:. On the Romanian side, the four signatories were
786:, thereby overthrowing the pro-Nazi government of
1062:. The signatories for the Allied powers included
6630:
934:were set up for the purpose of trying suspected
759:and its allies. It was in this context that the
2453:
2451:
2302:
1667:, which started its operations in 1950 at the
1660:Union. The last Sovrom was dissolved in 1956.
1648:, which had been initially set at 300 million
1107:Estimated strength of Soviet forces in Romania
599:maintained a significant military presence in
6674:Cold War military history of the Soviet Union
6436:
3131:
3094:"Practica sovietică a lui 'Veni, vidi, vici'"
2831:"1939–1944: 23 august, Cronica unui dezastru"
2303:Constantinescu, Octavia (December 30, 2018).
1703:Comparison with Soviet occupation of Bulgaria
1264:to 1952, is shown in the table on the right.
1003:
534:
16:Period of Romania under the Soviet occupation
2564:
2562:
2524:
2448:
2208:
2206:
1644:demanded by the Armistice Agreement and the
1462:of the Army) were purged from the military.
659:The armistice convention and eventually the
2686:("Constantin Tănase: The Curtain Dropped!")
2058:Constituția Republicii Populare Române 1952
1818:Romanian anti-communist resistance movement
1501:Reorganization of the intelligence services
6443:
6429:
3138:
3124:
3108:, at the Honorary Consulate of Romania in
2093:
2091:
1569:, held the two deputy director positions.
974:Minister of State and Minister of Justice
883:
802:to lose his throne, on December 30, 1947.
682:Background and beginning of the occupation
541:
527:
2559:
2203:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2666:
2664:
2530:
2389:
2387:
2363:
2116:"Hitler Resorts To 'Puppets' In Romania"
1614:
1269:
1096:
892:on September 12, 1944), stipulated that
858:
769:
552:
2276:
2239:
2088:
1942:, Vol. 61, No. 1, 146-147, Spring 2002.
1731:). The well-known Romanian stage actor
1572:
696:After having withdrawn its troops from
6631:
6450:
4992:
4970:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2333:"The Armistice Agreement with Rumania"
2069:
1729:give the wristwatch, give the overcoat
676:Liberation from Fascist Occupation Day
6604:Northern half of the Korean Peninsula
6424:
5848:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
5273:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4919:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4875:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3973:Rape during the occupation of Germany
3119:
2661:
2577:
2571:
2384:
2364:Pădurean, Bianca (November 8, 2017).
2244:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of
2212:
1755:; it made its debut the same year in
1745:Journal, 1935–1944: The Fascist Years
1718:
1539:. The SMERSH unit in Romania, called
938:, one in Bucharest, and the other in
854:
837:rape during the occupation of Germany
778:entering Bucharest on August 31, 1944
4963:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3988:Rape during the liberation of France
1547:. Its stated purpose was to "defend
1280:at a military parade, Bucharest 1949
1241:On November 8, 1945, King Michael's
1025:Soviet zone of occupation in Austria
2684:Constantin Tănase: A căzut cortina!
2471:Library of Congress Country Studies
1978:Flori Stănescu, Dragoș Zamfirescu,
1350:Reorganization of the Romanian Army
1087:Soviet forces in Romania, 1944–1956
13:
5189:German invasion of the Netherlands
3462:Weather events during World War II
3063:
2940:Romania: The Unfinished Revolution
2777:"Deportarea Sașilor Transilvăneni"
2171:Alexandru Duțu and Florica Dobre,
2084:. Chap. 23. US Library of Congress
1626:stock certificate, Bucharest, 1946
763:and occupied Northern and Eastern
761:Soviet forces crossed into Romania
14:
6725:
6699:1958 disestablishments in Romania
6654:World War II occupied territories
5827:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2622:Banu, pp. 28–29; Cioroianu, p. 70
2578:Udrea, Matei (January 28, 2024).
1975:, vol. 35 , no. 2 (2000), 249–262
1327:Although with the signing of the
1044:Ministère des Affaires Étrangères
656:Armistice of September 12, 1944.
6568:
6495:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
6387:
3145:
3039:, 12/2003, pp. 32–33, 35-41
2927:"Armata Roșie ocupă Bucureștiul"
2829:Cristina Diac and Florin Mihai,
2277:Iamandi, Ionuț (March 5, 2021).
2213:Udrea, Matei (August 30, 2024).
2173:"Generali români in prizonierat"
1899:, p. 106. Reaktion Books, 2001,
1790:based on this book; directed by
1753:The Journals of Mihail Sebastian
1444:Horea, Cloșca și Crișan Division
1064:United States Secretary of State
510:
43:
6714:1944 in international relations
6709:1958 in international relations
3082:, by J. Calvitt Clarke III, at
2731:
2711:
2702:
2673:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2550:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2460:
2439:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2325:
2296:
2270:
2233:
2184:
2162:
1973:Journal of Contemporary History
1751:wrote a one-man play, entitled
1446:, under the command of General
1438:, under the command of Colonel
1031:The Romanian delegation at the
1016:Paris Peace Treaty with Romania
6684:1944 establishments in Romania
6669:Romania–Soviet Union relations
6074:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
3770:Territorial changes of Germany
3678:Indonesian National Revolution
2969:University of California Press
2148:
2128:
2108:
2048:
2039:
2010:
1969:"The origins of covert action"
1840:
1777:. Later, he is "rescued" by a
1356:Treaty limited Romanian forces
1353:
1249:demonstration in front of the
1104:
1:
6664:Socialist Republic of Romania
5467:Japanese invasion of Thailand
5418:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
5182:German invasion of Luxembourg
3556:Mediterranean and Middle East
2898:Pennsylvania State University
2755:
2640:Banu, p. 29; Cioroianu, p. 70
1897:Romania: Borderland of Europe
1679:; after most of them died of
350:Socialist Republic of Romania
6639:Soviet occupation of Romania
5374:Invasion of the Soviet Union
5063:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
4374:Independent State of Croatia
2894:Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev
2097:Ioan Vlad, Alexandru Baboș,
1517:Ministry of Internal Affairs
1407:138,000 officers and troops
1373:120,000 officers and troops
963:; the Soviet Union, and the
670:, and August 23 (the day of
668:1952 Constitution of Romania
593:Soviet occupation of Romania
204:Principality of Transylvania
7:
6649:Allied occupation of Europe
6644:Soviet military occupations
6365:End of World War II in Asia
6205:Western invasion of Germany
5712:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
5689:Second Battle of El Alamein
5252:Hundred Regiments Offensive
5224:Battle of the Mediterranean
5077:Italian invasion of Albania
3244:Air warfare of World War II
3074:Radio Romania International
2240:Naimark, Norman M. (1995).
2003:Central European University
1813:Romania during World War II
1806:
1663:One of these companies was
1436:Tudor Vladimirescu Division
1037:Minister of Foreign Affairs
688:Romania during World War II
619:as a result of armed combat
10:
6730:
6291:Naval bombardment of Japan
5652:First Battle of El Alamein
5571:Battle of Christmas Island
5516:Japanese invasion of Burma
5280:Italian invasion of Greece
5196:German invasion of Belgium
5168:German invasion of Denmark
5141:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
5010:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
3267:Comparative military ranks
1689:Soviet atomic bomb project
1608:
1604:
1576:
1504:
1397:8,000 officers and troops
1389:5,000 officers and troops
1381:5,000 officers and troops
1090:
1010:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
1007:
1004:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
706:June 1940 Soviet Ultimatum
685:
259:1848 Wallachian Revolution
78:Prehistory of Transylvania
63:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
6612:
6577:
6566:
6458:
6380:
6212:Bratislava–Brno offensive
6152:
6143:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
5880:
5767:Allied invasion of Sicily
5721:
5620:Aleutian Islands campaign
5592:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5539:
5530:Greek famine of 1941–1944
5425:Second Battle of Changsha
5330:German invasion of Greece
5298:
5175:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
5150:
5088:
4983:
4864:
4590:
4500:
4341:
4044:
4035:
3793:
3618:
3510:North and Central Pacific
3471:
3233:
3226:
3153:
2739:The Bright Side of the Ax
1878:Warsaw Pact Ground Forces
1434:— were formed: the
1417:under the supervision of
1035:Conference was headed by
908:Allied Control Commission
822:Allied Control Commission
712:entered an alliance with
692:1944 Romanian coup d'état
254:1848 Moldavian Revolution
6694:1958 in the Soviet Union
6679:1944 in the Soviet Union
5804:Allied invasion of Italy
5781:Solomon Islands campaign
5523:Third Battle of Changsha
5120:First Battle of Changsha
5026:Second Sino-Japanese War
3959:German military brothels
3825:United States war crimes
3092:Paula Mihailov Chiciuc,
3059:, 9/2005, pp. 23–28
3049:, 9/2005, pp. 11–16
2856:, Cambridge, MA, 1967.
2246:Harvard University Press
2082:Country Studies: Romania
1947:Istoria României în date
1833:
1823:Southern Group of Forces
1725:Davai ceas, davai palton
1599:Fourth Geneva Convention
1515:began to infiltrate the
1456:Romanian Communist Party
961:United States of America
751:By the end of 1943, the
728:in June 1941 as part of
716:and declared war on the
162:Voivodeship of Maramureș
147:Banat in the Middle Ages
6659:Romania in World War II
6226:Second Guangxi campaign
6081:Philippines (1944–1945)
5578:Battle of the Coral Sea
5481:Fall of the Philippines
5127:Battle of South Guangxi
5033:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4432:Italian Social Republic
3084:Jacksonville University
3080:Review of Verona's book
2158:Encyclopædia Britannica
1934:The Red Army in Romania
1880:, p. 45. Osprey, 1987,
1467:Romanian Workers' Party
1071:Soviet Foreign Minister
884:The Armistice Agreement
316:Union with Transylvania
224:Danubian Principalities
157:Second Bulgarian Empire
142:History of Transylvania
115:Origin of the Romanians
6619:Allies of World War II
5811:Armistice of Cassibile
5606:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5557:Battle of the Java Sea
5460:Attack on Pearl Harbor
5360:Syria–Lebanon campaign
5353:Battle of South Shanxi
5323:Invasion of Yugoslavia
5106:Battle of the Atlantic
4720:Korean Liberation Army
4426:(until September 1943)
4383:(until September 1944)
4361:(until September 1944)
2843:Stephen Fischer-Galați
2103:Istoria artei militare
1627:
1415:Romanian People's Army
1333:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
1281:
1102:
1029:
921:
913:
899:
880:
779:
588:
558:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
152:First Bulgarian Empire
5975:Second Battle of Guam
5871:Bengal famine of 1943
5841:Second Battle of Kiev
5797:Battle of the Dnieper
5666:Kokoda Track campaign
5495:Battle of Wake Island
5367:East African campaign
5309:Battle of South Henan
4954:atrocities by Germans
4727:Korean Volunteer Army
3701:Occupation of Germany
3455:Music in World War II
2987:Duke University Press
2531:Aparaschivei, Sorin,
2335:. September 12, 1944.
1951:Editura Enciclopedică
1618:
1450:(who was to serve as
1378:Anti-aircraft forces
1329:Austrian State Treaty
1273:
1178:May 1 – July 1, 1948
1100:
1020:
917:
904:
894:
862:
773:
629:, as a result of the
556:
306:Union with Bessarabia
269:United Principalities
167:Founding of Wallachia
73:Bronze Age in Romania
6261:Surrender of Germany
5739:Battle of West Hubei
5696:Guadalcanal campaign
5659:Battle of Stalingrad
5585:Battle of Madagascar
4352:Albania protectorate
4139:(formerly Swaziland)
3848:Wehrmacht war crimes
3664:Expulsion of Germans
3448:Art and World War II
3346:British contribution
3295:Governments in exile
3072:, on the website of
3026:, 12/2003, pp. 28-32
3013:, 12/2003, pp. 22-28
2816:, Bucharest, 2005.
2814:Editura Curtea Veche
2279:"The Red Army rapes"
1646:Paris Peace Treaties
1585:Transylvanian Saxons
1573:Expulsion of Germans
1344:Hungarian Revolution
980:General D. Damaceanu
865:Michael I of Romania
746:Battle of Stalingrad
730:Operation Barbarossa
674:) was celebrated as
661:Paris Peace Treaties
574:Vladislav Vinogradov
445:By historical region
244:Transylvanian School
172:Founding of Moldavia
6351:Potsdam Declaration
6240:Italy (Spring 1945)
6003:Liberation of Paris
5453:Siege of Sevastopol
4464:(until August 1944)
4367:Wang Jingwei regime
4189:from September 1943
4149:from September 1944
4087:from September 1944
3947:Romanian war crimes
3938:Persecution of Jews
3924:Croatian war crimes
3894:Japanese war crimes
3708:Occupation of Japan
3657:First Indochina War
3369:Military production
3281:Declarations of war
2961:Vladimir Tismăneanu
2935:, October 26, 2005.
2896:. University Park:
2748:, February 24, 1967
2719:Cogs & Machines
2699:, January 15, 2007.
2122:The Washington Post
1953:, Bucharest, 2003,
1681:radiation poisoning
1677:political prisoners
1545:Alexandru Nicolschi
1471:Minister of Defense
1452:Minister of Defense
1358:
1226:September 1, 1950 –
1110:
1101:1948 Romanian stamp
1052:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
794:on the side of the
776:3rd Ukrainian Front
740:all the way to the
734:German High Command
704:in response to the
411:Historical timeline
311:Union with Bukovina
279:War of Independence
6553:Western Belorussia
6452:Soviet occupations
6344:Surrender of Japan
6177:Battle of Iwo Jima
6026:Belgrade offensive
5432:Siege of Leningrad
5316:Battle of Shanggao
5245:British Somaliland
5210:Dunkirk evacuation
5161:Norwegian campaign
5099:Invasion of Poland
4926:Japanese prisoners
3887:Italian war crimes
3818:British war crimes
3733:Soviet occupations
3517:South-West Pacific
3404:Allied cooperation
3362:Military equipment
3076:, January 31, 2005
2938:Stephen D. Roper,
2839:, August 23, 2006.
2728:, November 6, 1950
2691:2013-06-01 at the
2631:Khrushchev, p. 720
2475:CIA World Factbook
2436:September 05, 1955
2429:Gravitational Pull
2190:Vartan Arachelian
2178:2007-10-07 at the
2142:The New York Times
2063:2008-06-15 at the
2026:2016-02-28 at the
1863:Palgrave Macmillan
1828:Soviet occupations
1719:In popular culture
1628:
1354:
1282:
1105:
1103:
1074:Vyacheslav Molotov
1048:Gheorghe Tătărescu
1040:Gheorghe Tătărescu
932:People's Tribunals
881:
855:Founding documents
780:
589:
566:Gheorghe Tătărescu
517:Romania portal
382:Romania since 1989
293:Kingdom of Romania
237:National Awakening
209:Eyalet of Temesvar
191:Early Modern Times
6626:
6625:
6418:
6417:
6376:
6375:
6219:Battle of Okinawa
6118:Burma (1944–1945)
5952:Mariana and Palau
5732:Tunisian campaign
5550:Fall of Singapore
5474:Fall of Hong Kong
5217:Battle of Britain
5070:Operation Himmler
4979:
4978:
4643:Dutch East Indies
4279:Southern Rhodesia
4031:
4030:
3931:Genocide of Serbs
3834:German war crimes
3811:Soviet war crimes
3804:Allied war crimes
3650:Division of Korea
3629:Chinese Civil War
3427:Strategic bombing
3339:Manhattan Project
3099:Jurnalul Național
3057:Dosarele Istoriei
3047:Dosarele Istoriei
3037:Dosarele Istoriei
3024:Dosarele Istoriei
3011:Dosarele Istoriei
2932:Jurnalul Național
2907:978-0-271-02332-8
2890:Nikita Khrushchev
2886:Sergei Khrushchev
2836:Jurnalul Național
2797:Dosarele Istoriei
2787:Dosarele Istoriei
2762:Romania – History
2697:Jurnalul Național
2521:Oroian, pp. 40–41
2512:Oroian, pp. 38–40
2494:Oroian, pp. 29–30
2418:Verona, pp. 58–59
2354:Verona, pp. 46–47
2345:Verona, pp. 47–51
2200:, August 16, 2004
2145:, August 24, 1944
2125:, August 25, 1944
2045:Verona, pp. 49–51
2033:Curierul Național
2019:Valeriu Râpeanu,
1986:). Vremea, 1998,
1733:Constantin Tănase
1553:Gheorghe Pintilie
1479:military doctrine
1411:
1410:
1286:Soviet Air Forces
1235:
1234:
1173:60,000 – 130,000
1162:November 1, 1946
1130:November 1, 1945
1060:Dumitru Dămăceanu
551:
550:
406:Romanian language
358:Soviet occupation
6721:
6704:1958 in politics
6689:1944 in politics
6572:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6422:
6421:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6394:World portal
6392:
6391:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6254:Prague offensive
6249:
6247:Battle of Berlin
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6191:Vienna offensive
6186:
6179:
6172:
6170:Battle of Manila
6165:
6145:
6136:
6127:
6120:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6060:
6051:
6044:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5954:
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5913:
5911:Korsun–Cherkassy
5906:
5895:
5873:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5753:Bombing of Gorky
5748:
5741:
5734:
5714:
5707:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5613:Battle of Midway
5608:
5601:
5599:Battle of Gazala
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5509:Battle of Borneo
5504:
5502:Malayan campaign
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5446:Bombing of Gorky
5441:
5439:Battle of Moscow
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5291:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5203:Battle of France
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5056:Munich Agreement
5051:
5044:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5012:
5005:
4990:
4989:
4972:
4965:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4941:Soviet prisoners
4935:
4928:
4921:
4912:
4905:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4881:German prisoners
4877:
4857:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4434:
4427:
4419:
4412:
4410:French Indochina
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4334:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4257:from August 1944
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4140:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4042:
4041:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3983:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3949:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3901:Nanjing Massacre
3896:
3889:
3880:
3878:Nuremberg trials
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3611:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3482:Asia and Pacific
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3411:Mulberry harbour
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3246:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3212:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3102:, April 25, 2006
3091:
3054:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2924:
2919:
2851:
2828:
2806:Adrian Cioroianu
2804:
2794:
2783:
2774:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2659:
2658:Cioroianu, p. 70
2656:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2620:
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2611:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2595:
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2569:
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2557:
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2547:
2546:
2544:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
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2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2379:
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2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2310:Newsweek Romania
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2210:
2201:
2188:
2182:
2170:
2166:
2160:
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2146:
2132:
2126:
2112:
2106:
2095:
2086:
2078:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2036:, August 7, 2004
2018:
2014:
2008:
1844:
1767:Virgil Gheorghiu
1741:Mihail Sebastian
1619:A nominal 1,000
1568:
1489:of Defense, the
1359:
1278:Fyodor Tolbukhin
1210:January 1, 1950
1202:October 1, 1949
1186:October 1, 1948
1138:January 4, 1946
1111:
996:
957:R. Y. Malinovski
953:Allied powers: "
869:Order of Victory
867:was awarded the
849:
813:prisoners of war
586:
570:Andrey Vyshinsky
543:
536:
529:
515:
514:
513:
416:Military history
401:Economic history
68:Hamangia culture
47:
37:
19:
18:
6729:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6608:
6573:
6564:
6548:Western Ukraine
6454:
6449:
6419:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6386:
6384:
6372:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6310:
6305:Atomic bombings
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6148:
6141:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6063:
6054:
6047:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6008:
6001:
5996:Eastern Romania
5994:
5989:Warsaw Uprising
5987:
5982:Tannenberg Line
5980:
5973:
5968:Western Ukraine
5966:
5957:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5898:
5889:
5876:
5869:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5760:Battle of Kursk
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5717:
5710:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5641:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5564:St Nazaire Raid
5562:
5555:
5548:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5388:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5346:Anglo-Iraqi War
5344:
5337:Battle of Crete
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5294:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5266:Eastern Romania
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5084:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5008:
5001:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4908:
4901:
4892:
4885:
4880:
4873:
4860:
4853:
4844:
4837:
4832:
4827:Western Ukraine
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4771:Northeast China
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4470:Slovak Republic
4468:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4441:Empire of Japan
4439:
4430:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4357:
4350:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4314:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4143:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4027:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3986:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3953:Sexual violence
3952:
3945:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3683:
3676:
3671:Greek Civil War
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3496:South-East Asia
3494:
3487:
3480:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3355:Military awards
3353:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3242:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3144:
3089:
3066:
3064:Further reading
3052:
3042:
3029:
3016:
3003:
2922:
2908:
2845:
2826:
2802:
2792:
2781:
2772:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2736:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2693:Wayback Machine
2679:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2584:www.aktual24.ro
2576:
2572:
2567:
2560:
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2422:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2392:
2385:
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2373:
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2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2271:
2256:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2219:www.aktual24.ro
2211:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2180:Wayback Machine
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2070:
2065:Wayback Machine
2054:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2028:Wayback Machine
2016:
2015:
2011:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1809:
1721:
1705:
1642:war reparations
1613:
1607:
1581:
1575:
1562:
1560:Vladimir Mazuru
1509:
1503:
1440:Nicolae Cambrea
1352:
1228:September 1952
1227:
1095:
1089:
1067:James F. Byrnes
1012:
1006:
990:
947:plenipotentiary
886:
857:
843:
724:troops entered
694:
684:
580:
547:
511:
509:
504:
503:
502:
447:
437:
436:
435:
395:
387:
386:
377:
376:Post-Revolution
369:
368:
367:
352:
342:
341:
340:
326:Fascist Kingdom
321:Greater Romania
295:
285:
284:
283:
249:Organic Statute
238:
230:
229:
228:
199:Silistra Eyalet
193:
183:
182:
181:
136:
121:
120:
119:
94:
84:
83:
82:
57:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6727:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6624:
6623:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6550:
6540:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6521:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6512:Transcarpathia
6507:Czechoslovakia
6504:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6470:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6425:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6324:
6321:South Sakhalin
6317:
6316:
6315:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6158:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6121:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6061:
6052:
6045:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5955:
5948:
5939:
5930:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5896:
5886:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5858:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5800:
5793:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5746:Battle of Attu
5742:
5735:
5727:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5545:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5488:Battle of Guam
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5411:Battle of Kiev
5407:
5400:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5304:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5015:
5014:
5013:
4998:
4996:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4950:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4922:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:United Kingdom
4906:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4878:
4870:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:British Empire
4300:United Kingdom
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4141:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4116:Czechoslovakia
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4048:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4013:Rape of Manila
4009:
4002:
3995:
3984:
3969:
3962:
3950:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3890:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3851:
3844:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3784:United Nations
3780:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3643:Decolonization
3639:
3632:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3335:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3316:United Kingdom
3312:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3162:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3103:
3087:
3077:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3027:
3014:
3001:
2983:
2958:
2936:
2920:
2906:
2882:
2864:
2840:
2824:
2800:
2790:
2779:
2775:Andrei Marga,
2770:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2730:
2710:
2701:
2672:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2570:
2558:
2549:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2459:
2447:
2445:Verona, p. 104
2438:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2394:David R. Stone
2383:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2324:
2295:
2269:
2254:
2248:. p. 70.
2232:
2202:
2183:
2161:
2147:
2127:
2107:
2105:, Sibiu, 1996.
2087:
2068:
2047:
2038:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:", MA Thesis,
1995:
1976:
1961:
1943:
1926:
1915:
1908:
1889:
1874:
1855:Mircea Răceanu
1838:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:as Johann and
1794:, it featured
1792:Henri Verneuil
1760:
1737:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1701:
1609:Main article:
1606:
1603:
1577:Main article:
1574:
1571:
1541:Brigada Mobilă
1537:Eastern Europe
1505:Main article:
1502:
1499:
1465:Following the
1409:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1351:
1348:
1247:anti-communist
1233:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:April 1, 1950
1215:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:March 1, 1946
1143:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1088:
1085:
1076:, and British
1023:Army with the
1008:Main article:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
984:Prince Stirbey
970:
965:United Kingdom
885:
882:
877:August 23 coup
856:
853:
830:United Kingdom
792:Romania's Army
790:, and putting
774:Troops of the
683:
680:
549:
548:
546:
545:
538:
531:
523:
520:
519:
506:
505:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
449:
448:
443:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
360:
354:
353:
348:
347:
344:
343:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
297:
296:
291:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
264:Danube Vilayet
261:
256:
251:
246:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
195:
194:
189:
188:
185:
184:
180:
179:
177:Rumelia Eyalet
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
138:
137:
127:
126:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
89:
86:
85:
81:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
58:
53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
30:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6726:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6620:
6616:
6611:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6591:Northern Iran
6588:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6473:Baltic states
6471:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6446:
6441:
6439:
6434:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:Kuril Islands
6325:
6322:
6318:
6313:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6095:Syrmian Front
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6041:Market Garden
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5900:Monte Cassino
5897:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5387:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5259:Baltic states
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4903:United States
4900:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4839:Quốc dân Đảng
4836:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:Liechtenstein
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4491:Collaboration
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:United States
4313:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:Comfort women
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3990: /
3989:
3985:
3982:
3979: /
3978:
3975: /
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:Camp brothels
3963:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:The Holocaust
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3841:forced labour
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:Marshall Plan
3691:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3547:Eastern Front
3544:
3541:
3540:Western Front
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3434:Puppet states
3431:
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3376:Naval history
3373:
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3323:United States
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3033:Teofil Oroian
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3020:Teofil Oroian
3017:(in Romanian)
3015:
3012:
3008:
3007:Teofil Oroian
3004:(in Romanian)
3002:
3000:
2999:0-8223-1171-2
2996:
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2988:
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2982:
2981:0-520-23747-1
2978:
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2956:90-5823-027-9
2953:
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2925:Cornel Micu,
2923:(in Romanian)
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2880:973-98392-5-8
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2503:Oroian, p. 37
2500:
2491:
2485:Oroian, p. 28
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2409:Verona, p. 49
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2255:0-674-78405-7
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2055:(in Romanian)
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2042:
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2029:
2025:
2022:
2017:(in Romanian)
2013:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:973-9423-17-5
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:973-45-0432-0
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:Slavic Review
1935:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
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1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:1-86189-103-2
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:0-85045-730-0
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:0-312-12059-1
1868:
1864:
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1856:
1852:
1851:Roger E. Kirk
1848:
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1801:
1797:
1796:Anthony Quinn
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:The 25th Hour
1761:
1758:
1757:New York City
1754:
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1595:
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1558:
1557:Major General
1554:
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1538:
1534:
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1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1491:General Staff
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:Emil Bodnăraș
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1460:Sovietization
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Mihail Lascăr
1445:
1441:
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1428:
1423:
1420:
1416:
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1400:
1396:
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1388:
1386:Naval forces
1385:
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1194:July 1, 1949
1193:
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1184:
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1177:
1176:
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1154:June 1, 1946
1153:
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1057:
1056:Ștefan Voitec
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1011:
998:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:L. Patrascanu
971:
968:
966:
962:
958:
952:
951:
950:
948:
943:
941:
937:
936:war criminals
933:
928:
926:
920:
916:
912:
909:
903:
898:
893:
891:
878:
874:
873:Ion Antonescu
870:
866:
861:
852:
847:
842:
841:Mădălin Hodor
838:
833:
831:
827:
826:United States
823:
817:
814:
809:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:Ion Antonescu
785:
784:a coup d'état
777:
772:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:and Northern
699:
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669:
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651:
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643:
639:
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632:
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624:
620:
617:
613:
612:Eastern Front
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
584:
579:
578:Ivan Susaikov
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
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50:
46:
42:
41:
38:
32:
31:
26:
21:
20:
6614:
6596:
6589:
6559:
6531:East Prussia
6523:
6499:
6465:
6402:Bibliography
6385:
6198:Project Hula
6163:Vistula–Oder
6132:
6065:
6056:
6040:
6010:
5959:
5943:
5934:
5925:
5891:
5788:
5703:
5679:
5642:
5393:
5286:
5231:North Africa
4933:Soviet Union
4887:Soviet Union
4813:Soviet Union
4581:Vatican City
4484:Vichy France
4389:German Reich
4286:Soviet Union
4272:South Africa
4265:Sierra Leone
4218:Newfoundland
4037:Participants
4020:Marocchinate
3760:
3724:
3715:
3685:
3563:North Africa
3524:Indian Ocean
3383:Nazi plunder
3274:Cryptography
3147:World War II
3097:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2964:
2939:
2930:
2893:
2872:Portland, OR
2834:
2809:
2796:
2786:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2704:
2683:
2675:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2604:Alexandrescu
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2583:
2573:
2552:
2541:, retrieved
2536:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2462:
2441:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2374:. Retrieved
2369:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2272:
2241:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2218:
2195:
2186:
2164:
2150:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2101:, Ch. 3, in
2098:
2081:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2012:
2005:, 1995-1996.
1983:
1979:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1932:, review of
1922:
1918:
1911:
1896:
1877:
1858:
1842:
1762:
1752:
1749:David Auburn
1744:
1728:
1724:
1706:
1697:Estonian SSR
1673:Bihor County
1664:
1662:
1654:
1650:U.S. dollars
1631:
1629:
1624:Sovrompetrol
1623:
1582:
1510:
1495:
1487:
1464:
1432:Valter Roman
1424:
1412:
1402:
1370:Land forces
1355:
1341:
1337:West Germany
1326:
1283:
1266:
1259:
1251:Royal Palace
1240:
1236:
1122:May 8, 1945
1106:
1081:Ernest Bevin
1030:
1021:
1013:
973:
954:
944:
929:
922:
918:
914:
905:
900:
895:
887:
834:
818:
804:
800:Iron Curtain
781:
757:Nazi Germany
750:
742:Southern Bug
732:, under the
726:World War II
718:Soviet Union
714:Nazi Germany
695:
665:
658:
633:launched by
627:World War II
623:Nazi Germany
609:
597:Soviet Union
592:
590:
493:Transylvania
421:Christianity
357:
336:World War II
214:Varat Eyalet
6585:Afghanistan
6133:Bodenplatte
6019:Gothic Line
5238:West Africa
4785:Philippines
4764:Netherlands
4629:Czech lands
4567:Switzerland
4511:Afghanistan
4455:Philippines
4323:Puerto Rico
4239:Philippines
4225:New Zealand
4211:Netherlands
4164:Free France
3915:Prosecution
3716:Osoaviakhim
3586:West Africa
3570:East Africa
3217:Conferences
2846: [
2649:Banu, p. 30
2590:January 31,
2543:October 28,
2469:, from the
2376:November 7,
1930:Aurel Braun
1893:Lucian Boia
1802:as Suzanna.
1784:Carlo Ponti
1739:The writer
1665:Sovromcuarț
1563: [
1419:Soviet Army
1394:Air forces
991: [
988:Mr. G. Popp
844: [
646:Axis powers
610:During the
581: [
562:Petru Groza
301:World War I
219:Phanariotes
129:Middle Ages
110:Roman Dacia
105:Dacian Wars
34:History of
6633:Categories
6233:West Hunan
6066:Pointblank
5395:Silver Fox
5381:Summer War
5134:Winter War
5113:Phoney War
4894:Azerbaijan
4855:Yugoslavia
4750:Luxembourg
4592:Resistance
4332:Yugoslavia
4197:Luxembourg
3999:Sook Ching
3795:War crimes
3397:Technology
3390:Opposition
3332:Lend-Lease
3309:Australian
3302:Home front
3260:Blitzkrieg
3210:Casualties
3201:Commanders
3173:Operations
2991:Durham, NC
2756:References
2225:August 30,
1949:, p. 553.
1800:Virna Lisi
1669:Băița mine
1549:democratic
1525:Securitate
1513:communists
1507:Securitate
1442:, and the
1310:Alba-Iulia
1091:See also:
972:Romania: "
828:, and the
698:Bessarabia
686:See also:
631:royal coup
363:Revolution
55:Prehistory
6598:Manchuria
6488:Lithuania
6298:Manchuria
6184:Indochina
5960:Bagration
5404:Lithuania
5049:Anschluss
4846:Viet Minh
4743:Lithuania
4685:Hong Kong
4448:Manchukuo
4403:Azad Hind
4062:Australia
3862:Aftermath
3725:Paperclip
3620:Aftermath
3420:Total war
3288:Diplomacy
3251:In Europe
2950:, 2000.
2944:Routledge
2854:MIT Press
2766:This text
2568:Cioroianu
2317:March 19,
2288:March 19,
1914:), p. 31.
1786:produced
1589:Sănătescu
1365:Strength
1314:Constanța
1255:Bucharest
1117:Strength
925:Bucharest
672:1944 coup
638:Michael I
498:Wallachia
473:Maramureș
92:Antiquity
6501:Bornholm
6409:Category
6358:document
6268:document
6125:Ardennes
6109:Budapest
6057:Crossbow
5935:Overlord
5774:Smolensk
4985:Timeline
4820:Slovakia
4806:Thailand
4657:Ethiopia
4622:Bulgaria
4546:Portugal
4477:Thailand
4359:Bulgaria
4137:Eswatini
4130:Ethiopia
4083:Bulgaria
3908:Unit 731
3869:Response
3686:Keelhaul
3636:Cold War
3609:Americas
3600:timeline
3593:Atlantic
3473:Theaters
2993:, 1992,
2975:, 2003,
2973:Berkeley
2916:51931170
2892:(2004).
2874:, 2000.
2799:, 9/2005
2789:, 3/1996
2689:Archived
2537:Historia
2473:and the
2283:Veridica
2264:32276211
2176:Archived
2061:Archived
2024:Archived
1925:, p. 91.
1865:, 1994,
1861:, p. 2.
1807:See also
1709:Bulgaria
1693:Sillamäe
1483:Cold War
1243:name day
1165:240,000
1157:400,000
1149:615,000
1141:420,000
1133:500,000
765:Moldavia
753:Red Army
722:Romanian
702:Bukovina
650:Red Army
616:Moldavia
483:Muntenia
478:Moldavia
463:Bukovina
394:By topic
25:a series
23:Part of
6615:Italics
6560:Romania
6538:Hungary
6525:Germany
6519:Finland
6478:Estonia
6467:Austria
6335:Shumshu
6102:Hungary
6049:Estonia
6033:Lapland
6011:Dragoon
5944:Neptune
5926:Ichi-Go
5892:Tempest
5834:Changde
5789:Cottage
5681:Jubilee
5390:Finland
5288:Compass
4994:Prelude
4947:Finland
4833:Vietnam
4799:Romania
4671:Germany
4650:Estonia
4636:Denmark
4615:Belgium
4608:Austria
4601:Albania
4532:Ireland
4518:Andorra
4502:Neutral
4462:Romania
4396:Hungary
4381:Finland
4253:Romania
4145:Finland
4123:Denmark
4069:Belgium
4055:Algeria
3761:Romania
3747:Hungary
3503:Pacific
3227:General
3181:Leaders
3166:Battles
3159:Outline
1727:(eng.:
1695:in the
1685:uranium
1632:SovRoms
1605:SovRoms
1594:Rădescu
1322:Focșani
1302:Slatina
1298:Craiova
1294:Romania
1275:Marshal
1231:32,000
1221:33,000
1213:32,000
1205:19,000
1197:28,000
1189:32,000
1181:35,000
1125:80,000
1109:
911:Powers.
875:in the
738:Ukraine
710:Romania
601:Romania
488:Oltenia
468:Dobruja
458:Crișana
431:Judaism
36:Romania
6543:Poland
6483:Latvia
6459:Europe
6312:Debate
6284:Taipei
6277:Borneo
5855:Tarawa
5042:Europe
5003:Africa
4792:Poland
4778:Norway
4757:Malaya
4736:Latvia
4678:Greece
4664:France
4560:Sweden
4525:Bhutan
4246:Poland
4232:Norway
4204:Mexico
4171:Greece
4157:France
4095:Canada
4076:Brazil
4046:Allies
3992:Serbia
3981:Poland
3754:Poland
3740:Baltic
3533:Europe
3235:Topics
3187:Allied
3110:Boston
2997:
2979:
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1427:German
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1316:, and
1290:Poland
1262:VE Day
1058:, and
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890:Moscow
808:Moscow
796:Allies
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5918:Narva
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5862:Makin
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3489:China
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2670:Diehl
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5541:1942
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5090:1939
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4706:Jews
4417:Iraq
4343:Axis
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4109:Cuba
3194:Axis
2995:ISBN
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2952:ISBN
2912:OCLC
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2858:OCLC
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2745:Time
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2708:Micu
2592:2024
2545:2023
2434:TIME
2378:2020
2319:2022
2290:2022
2260:OCLC
2250:ISBN
2227:2024
2197:Ziua
1988:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1867:ISBN
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