608:
2384:
52:
882:
Surakarta, while its power remained in the hands of
Resident appointed by the central government. In less than a year, in June 1947, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia issued Law No. 16/47, which established the establishment of cities led by mayors, including Surakarta. The power of Surakarta Hadiningrat Sunanate and Kadipaten Mangkunegaran became increasingly limited and wained as a result of the 1948 law governing the appointment of the Head of the former Special Region, who was always chosen from the descendants of the Royal family. Eventually, the
586:(KNIP) of the Surakarta Region. Members of the KNI Surakarta Regional Working Committee were elected by and from the members of the KNI Surakarta Region. The Surakarta Regional Directorium was the local executive body of the Surakarta Region. It consists of representatives from the KNI Surakarta, the Royal Government of Surakarta, and the Praja Mangkunegaran Government. The KNI of Surakarta Region has five representatives. The Royal Government of Surakarta had two representatives. The Mangkunegaran Royal Government had two representatives.
238:
277:
801:. In addition, they also demanded that he relinquish his political power and join the Republican Government. As a result of this incident, in May 1946, the Sjahrir Government arrested 12 PNI and BB leaders, including Dr Moewardi. Of course, BBRI did not accept the arrest. They then held a massive demonstration in Surakarta to demand the release of their leaders. The action was responded positively by the leader of the TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) General Soedirman by releasing the 12 people.
325:
1006:
held historical and constitutional significance, possessing its own government and culture. They argued that the region's dissolution and subsequent integration into
Central Java Province contravened the provisions outlined in the 1945 Constitution. They challenge a 1950 law that abolished the residency system and merged Surakarta with other regions into Central Java province. The lawsuit garnered media attention, which prompted a reaction from then elected governor of Central Java,
734:
252:
791:'s defence. In fact, General Sudirman also managed to urge the government to revoke Surakarta's special region status. On the city's seizure in January 1946, the Barisan Banteng kidnapped Pakubuwono XII, Kanjeng Ratu, and Soerjohamidjojo, demanding that Sunan be aligned with other popular leaders as "Bung" (meaning Comrade or Brother). Another motive was the seizure of agricultural lands controlled by the two monarchies to be divided to the peasants (
380:
832:. PM Syahrir was held in a rest house in Paras. President Sukarno was outraged by this uprising and ordered Surakarta Police to arrest the rebel leaders. On 1 July 1946, the 14 leaders were arrested and thrown into Wirogunan prison. However, on 2 July 1946, 3rd Division soldiers led by Major General Soedarsono stormed Wirogunan prison and released the 14 rebel leaders.
765:, who was considered to have no experience in managing matters of public interest, lacked the seriousness and courage to make decisions and did not understand the forces of revolution that were moving towards western democracy and popular sovereignty. This was exacerbated by the disharmonious relationship between the Surakarta Sunanate and Mangkunegaran.
881:
On August 8, 1946, the
Republic of Indonesia's central government issued a Government Regulation in Lieu of Law stating that the establishment of a Regional People's Representative Council in Surakarta was in charge of managing local region's matters, as a replacement of the KNI of Special Region of
711:
Until now there has been no complete information about the economy of DIS between 1945–1946. However, it can be estimated that as usual, the economy after the war and in a state of revolution was in a deplorable state. This will be more pronounced when compared to the economy before the Second World
535:
government was a status quo government that continued the government for the Allied Forces as the victors of the Second World War. This government did not last long because it was soon captured by the
Surakarta Regional KNI government. The Surakarta Regional KNI Government was a government formed by
1010:
and his provincial government. Central Java provincial council gave out a statement of disagreement with the demand for
Surakarta Special Region. While Ganjar stated that he would respect whatever decision the Constitutional Court makes regarding the lawsuit and that the matter of Surakarta Special
985:
Along with the reopening of the spirit of regional autonomy and with the granting of
Special Autonomy to Papua (2001), West Papua (2008), Aceh (2001 and 2006), DKI Jakarta (1999 and 2007) followed by Central Papua, South Papua, Mountainous Papua and Southwest Papua (2022) and the affirmation of the
957:
In 1948, Law No. 22 article 18 paragraph 5 was issued to regulate regional government, stating that the Head of the
Special Region was appointed by the President from the descendants of the ruling family from before the Republic of Indonesia, but in the discussion of the Central Indonesian National
858:
in
Yogyakarta, but were foiled. Major General Soedarsono and the rebel leaders were disarmed and arrested near the Presidential Palace in Yogyakarta by the presidential guard, after Lt. Col. Soeharto managed to persuade them to appear before President Sukarno. PM Syahrir was then released and Major
697:
The anti-monarchist upheaval of the
Opposition group was the upheaval of the opposition group not in the Indonesian cabinet government who also took a distance and a stance opposite to Sukarno-Hatta, making political adventures to counterbalance the centre of power in Yogyakarta by making Surakarta
1018:
On 27 March 2014, the
Constitutional Court ultimately dismissed the petition challenging the validity of Law No. 10 of 1950 concerning the Establishment of Central Java Province. The court based its ruling on the lack of legal standing of the petitioners in requesting the legal status of Surakarta
1005:
On 26 June 2013, a lawsuit was filed to the Constitutional Court by two purported members of the royal family of Surakarta. Stating that they want to establish a special autonomous region for their territory on behalf of the Kasunanan. The petitioners contended that the Special Region of Surakarta
359:
stating that the royal State of Surakarta Hadiningrat was a Special Region of the Republic of Indonesia, where the relationship between the State of Surakarta and the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia was direct. On this basis, President Sukarno gave official recognition to Susuhunan
1035:
and the Yogyakarta Keraton during the independence era. A member of the Surakarta Palace's Traditional Council, Satriyo Hadinagoro, criticizes the Constitutional Court's ruling and called it “funny and unreasonable” and said that his side would file another lawsuit. He also questioned Roy Suryo’s
724:
Until now, there is no complete information about the socio-cultural condition of DIS between 1945–1946. The last condition before the Second World War put Surakarta Sunanate and Mangkunegaran Praja in a position to develop the agrarian industry, especially sugar cane and tobacco. This led to the
1001:
area. The protesters demanded the government's promise to give them as a special region, in accordance with UUD 45 article 18 and that they would go to the Constitutional Court if not fulfilled. Attended by those who claimed to be delegates from the community in across the greater Solo area, the
652:
mobs (he was later freed). This was followed by the removal of regents, many of whom were relatives of the king, and their replacement by pro-swapraja men. In March 1946, the new pepatihdalem, KRMT. Yudhanagara, was also kidnapped. And in April 1946, nine Kepatihan officials experienced the same
1120:
meeting it was decided that the territory of the Republic of Indonesia was divided into nine provinces and two special regions, namely West Java, Central Java, East Java, Lesser Sunda, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Special Region of Surakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This opinion
594:
A Directorate Government consisting of Kasunanan, Mangkunegaran and KND elements did not work, because the Kasunanan and Mangkunegaran wanted to had individual interests, leading to further instability. In its short span, the Special Region of Surakarta has not been free from various political
581:
The High Commissioner of the Central Government was the representative of the Central government in Surakarta. This commissioner functions as the Head of the Special Region of Surakarta and oversees the work of the local legislature and the local executive. The KNI Surakarta Regional Working
839:, the army leader in Surakarta, to arrest Major General Soedarsono and the rebel leaders. However, Soeharto refused this order because he did not want to arrest his own leaders. He would only arrest the rebels if there was a direct order from the Indonesian military Chief of Staff, General
1015:, while the governor and the provincial council can only give recommendations after a thorough study. Though, he questioned the rationale behind the demand for Surakarta Special Region, and whether it would improve governance and public service, as it could create unrest among the people.
903:
groups who aggressively maneuvered in politics and spread rumours that the Surakarta nobles were allies of the Dutch government, so that some people felt distrustful and rebelled against the rule of the Sunanate. A belief that many people still hold to this day. In the book series
675:
The upheaval of the monarchies of both the Kingdom of Surakarta and Praja Mangkunegaran was their defection by declaring to break away from Dutch rule and swearing its allegiance under the Indonesian government. Thus the monarchical rulers de-facto lost their territories and
936:, the military ruler of Surakarta, was only given the task of directly liaising with the monarchical palaces of Surakarta. Both monarchs were asked to firmly side with the Republic. If they refused, action would be taken in accordance with the Non-Cooperation Instruction.
725:
growth of the labour class and eventually the socialist ideology, which in its more extreme form was communism, flourished. After Indonesian independence, supported by the decline of economic life and political turmoil, the working class moved to form a revolution.
866:, and Sudarsono, with the Government of Special District Surakarta, represented by Pakubuwono XII, Mangkunegara VIII, KRMTH. Wuryaningrat, and KRMTH. Partohandoyo, opened up rounds of negotiations discussing the future of Surakarta. The meeting was held in the
1294:
The position of special regions at the level of provinces or at the level of regencies, or at the level of villages only existed in 1948 through Law 22/1948 (UU 22/1948), even though DIS had been frozen/dissolved smoothly in 1946 two years before the law was
315:
status during this period was never established by a separate law based on Article 18 of the original Constitution, but only by a Presidential Determination Charter on 19 August 1945 and Law No. 1 Year 1945 on the Position of the Regional National Committee.
898:
There is an opinion that at the beginning of his reign, Pakubuwono XII failed to take an important role and take advantage of the political situation of the Republic of Indonesia. Pakubuwono XII at that time was considered powerless in the face of
679:
The police desertion of both the Kingdom of Surakarta and Praja Mangkunegaran was the defection of the monarchical police to join the police and armed forces of the Republic of Indonesia. Thus the monarchical rulers de-facto lost their government
772:(Prime Minister), KRMH Sosrodiningrat was kidnapped and killed by the Swapraja movement. This was followed by the removal of regents in the Surakarta region who were relatives of the Susuhunan and Adipati Mangkunegara. In March 1946, the new
939:
In fact, during the National Revolution, Pakubuwono XII sided with the Indonesian government. He even obtained the military rank of titular lieutenant general. and in 1945–1948, he actively accompanied President Sukarno and Vice President
886:, through a decree dated 3 March 1950, declared that the territories of the Sunanate and Mangkunegaran were administratively part of the province of Central Java. Both decrees ended Surakarta's special status and merged the province to
986:
privileges of Aceh (1999 and 2006) and Yogyakarta (2012), there is a discourse to revive the Special Region of Surakarta as part of the Republic of Indonesia. One of the steps that will be taken is to conduct a judicial review to the
664:, wanted Praja Mangkunegaran to be its own special region and not under Surakarta. This was because the area of the Praja was comparable in size to that of the Kingdom of Surakarta. In addition, the Praja was formed with the
878:) under a resident and was part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. And that both Pakubuwono XII and Mangkunegara VIII were no longer allowed to participate in politics or government and were merely a symbol.
1020:
1019:
Special Region. Moreover, the court raised doubts regarding the legitimacy of one of the petitioners, who claimed to be the son of Susuhunan Pakubuwono XII, the final ruler of the Surakarta Palace. The
1867:
965:
In a last attempt, Pakubuwono XII had tried to restore the status of Surakarta Special Region. On 15 January 1952, Pakubuwono XII gave a lengthy explanation about Surakarta Special Region to the
962:(Surat No. 66/5/38) stating that the new draft government regulation was not in accordance with Law No. 22 article 15. Law No. 22 article 15 and that he was summoned to clarify the status.
1058:
656:
The monarchical upheaval that occurred within Praja Mangkunegaran was the reluctance of the duke of Mangkunegaran to become Vice Governor of the Special Region to accompany the Susuhan
641:
977:
Government itself had no means of power. However, these efforts faltered because they never reached a consensus, on the basis of trivial issues can complicate matters.
859:
General Soedarsono and the rebel leaders were sentenced to prison, although a few months later the rebels were pardoned by President Sukarno and released from prison.
862:
With the fear of spreading after the constant political upheavals and kidnappings, the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia represented by Sultan Sjahrir,
645:
1829:
2663:
653:
thing. The reoccurring incidents did not serve as a lesson to Surakarta by continuing to appoint a temporary acting patih to exercise the power of the Susuhunan.
2707:
958:
Committee session, several words in article 18 were changed. The changes became clearer when on 24 November 1951, Pakubuwono XII received a letter sent by the
870:(DJB) Agentschap Soerakarta (now Bank Indonesia, Solo) building. The government then issued Law No. 16/SD/1946 which decided that Surakarta became a temporary
1002:
demonstrators wore traditional Javanese clothes in Solo style with yellow Kasunanan necklaces. They also carried red and white banners with historical facts.
551:. With the existence of these various governments, there was an overlap of power and competition for the legitimacy of the people and the central government.
1568:
547:. The government of Praja Mangkunegaran, which was a continuation of the monarchy before Indonesian independence, was led by the Patih for and on behalf of
665:
536:
the people as a reaction to welcome Indonesian independence. This government formed a three-man Governing Council to exercise day-to-day executive power.
2702:
1162:
as the Head of the Special Region of Surakarta, which was equivalent to the position of Governor and directly under the Central Government. This opinion
737:
The 1st anniversary ceremony of the Barisan Banteng, attended by President Sukarno, was held in surakarta months after the kidnapping (14 December 1946)
351:
Then on 1 September 1945, the Surakarta Royal Court and the Mangkunegaran Duchy sent an edict to President Sukarno regarding a statement from Susuhunan
1922:
1270:
429:(minus Banjarsari district, Kerten district, Jajar district and Karangasem district in Laweyan district, Mojosongo district in Jebres district) plus
944:
several times to visit various areas in Central and East Java, both in order to consolidate the government and to visit the front lines of battle.
2277:
607:
477:
The government in Surakarta was divided into two stages during the period of August 1945 to July 1946. Each stage shows a significant difference.
1983:
929:
2034:
776:, KRMT Yudonagoro, was also kidnapped and killed by the Swapraja movement. In April 1946, nine Kepatihan officials also suffered the same fate.
539:
The government of the Surakarta Sunanate was the government that continued the monarchy before the independence of Indonesia. It was led by the
2658:
2668:
2673:
515:
2009:
821:
741:
The freezing and abolition of the special region status was inseparable from the emergence of a social revolution in the form of an anti-
2064:
1948:
2091:
2143:
567:, as the High Commissioner of Surakarta to mediate and to organise a new government. Since then the DIS government has consisted of:
1758:
1665:
1031:
supports the decision of the Constitutional Court and, without explaining further, stated that there is a difference between the
694:
The leftist anti-monarchist upheaval was a revolutionary socialist-communist agitation to seize lands controlled by the monarchy.
2717:
2648:
932:
to be the new Mangkunegara. But some people and soldiers increasingly wanted to abolish the monarchy altogether. Finally Major
787:(BB) unit, led by Muwardi, managed to take control of Surakarta while the Indonesian government did not suppress it because of
360:
Pakubuwono XII and Adipati Mangkunegara VIII by granting a charter of official position, each as the head of a special region.
2168:
1675:
1384:
921:
583:
2270:
1608:
1507:
883:
2653:
2118:
875:
304:
1459:
1409:
1203:
1147:
1093:
1012:
987:
1837:
1582:
2263:
92:
2420:
2215:
829:
403:
371:. Making the Special Province of Surakarta's autonomy older than Yogyakarta's, have it not been abolished.
368:
1198:(in Indonesian). Vol. 10. Bandung: Bandung: Disjarah Angkatan Darat dan Penerbit Angkasa. p. 8.
745:
movement in Surakarta, which took place simultaneously with the East Sumatran Social Revolution. Like the
582:
Committee was the local legislative body of the Surakarta Region. It was formed by and responsible to the
1402:
Pengantar sejarah Indonesia baru : sejarah pergerakan nasional dari kolonialisme sampai nasionalisme
1170:
was placed as the Indonesian High Commissioner for Kesunanan and Mangkunegaran. See A.H. Nasution's book
809:
407:
1530:
1868:"Strategi Komite Nasional Indonesia Daerah Surakarta (KNIDS) dalam mengambil alih Swapraja, 1945-1946"
1636:
973:
Government was unable to overcome the turmoil and undermining accompanied by armed threats, while the
559:
To overcome the chaos and overlapping governments in DIS, the Central Government sent the Governor of
1805:
1479:
1085:
628:
The monarchical upheaval that occurred in the Surakarta Kingdom was the existence of the position of
395:
312:
1969:
394:
There has never been a regulation that mentions the position of the Surakarta Special Region on the
367:
and the Duchy of Pakualaman issued a similar edict, which became the basis for the formation of the
1086:"UU No. 16 Tahun 1946 tentang Pernyataan Keadaan Bahaya di Seluruh Indonesia [JDIH BPK RI]"
2333:
1692:
1329:
843:. President Sukarno was furious at this refusal and dubbed Lt. Col. Soeharto a stubborn officer (
746:
2383:
1741:"Gedung Lawas Bank Indonesia Solo, Pernah Dipakai PM Sutan Sjahrir di Era Kemerdekaan Indonesia"
2286:
2195:
301:
86:
51:
34:
2626:
2600:
1956:
1562:
1379:. Direktorat Sejarah, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
415:
2473:
2295:
2205:
1877:. Jurusan Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Sastra dan Seni Rupa, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
1191:
966:
933:
909:
503:
364:
1427:
Daerah Istimewa Surakarta - Tuduhan Pro Belanda dan Kesetiaannya kepada Republik Indonesia
993:
On 14 December 2010, a group of people held a demonstration and a joint prayer, known as '
8:
1245:
457:
1766:
2712:
2567:
2529:
2491:
2486:
2443:
2226:
2210:
1806:"UU No. 16 Tahun 1947 tentang Pembentukan Haminte-Kota Surakarta [JDIH BPK RI]"
1722:
1142:(in Indonesian) (3 ed.). Jakarta: Secretary of State of Indonesia (SETNEG). 1995.
341:
243:
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to not freely move to accommodate the upheaval of the people. On 17 October 1945, the
2552:
1726:
1714:
1671:
1550:
1455:
1405:
1380:
1199:
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669:
661:
620:
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356:
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who declared their territory as part of the Republic of Indonesia on 19 August 1945.
155:
2585:
2509:
2458:
2453:
2307:
1704:
1542:
1404:(in Indonesian) (3rd ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 108–109.
1032:
998:
959:
863:
461:
446:
2065:"Ganjar Tunggu Putuskan MK Terkait Pembentukan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Surakarta"
1546:
1531:"KEHIDUPAN POLITIK DI KOTA SURAKARTA DAN YOGYAKARTA MENJELANG PEMILIHAN UMUM 1955"
632:. This position ruled for and on behalf of the susuhunan (ruler), causing Susuhan
2621:
2595:
2463:
2448:
1787:
913:
854:
Following the kidnapping, a handful of opposition forces attempted to attack the
328:
Marble plaque of the Charter of the State Privileges of Surakarta by His Majesty
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2544:
2524:
2519:
1028:
1007:
941:
844:
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657:
633:
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125:
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wrote that the kings of Surakarta defected and betrayed Indonesia during the
813:
805:
754:
411:
345:
324:
257:
136:
96:
1709:
1354:
2557:
2405:
2373:
2363:
2200:
1269:
Adryamarthanino, Verelladevanka (2021-11-03). Nailufar, Nibras Nada (ed.).
1129:
published by the state secretariat, both editions II (1993) and III (1995).
925:
887:
867:
855:
733:
713:
560:
270:
1923:"Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono XII, Pernah Diculik Barisan Banteng Halaman all"
1271:"Amanat 5 September 1945: Bergabungnya Yogyakarta dengan NKRI Halaman all"
311:
that existed between August 1945 and July 1946. The establishment of this
2590:
2255:
1908:
Karaton Surakarta Hadiningrat Bangunan Budaya Jawa sebagai Tuntunan Hidup
1849:
793:
2035:"Tuntut Daerah Istimewa, Trah Keraton Surakarta Ingin Lepas dari Jateng"
1512:/penculikan-pakubuwono-xii-dan-dihapusnya-daerah-istimewa-surakarta-f8aC
990:
of the Law on the State of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 1950.
418:). Thus, it cannot be clearly known what the position of Surakarta was.
2435:
1984:"Masyarakat Surakarta Tuntut Dikembalikannya Daerah Istimewa Surakarta"
825:
784:
757:. At the time of the establishment of the Special Region of Surakarta,
699:
629:
390:(bright pink) make up the majority of the Special Province of Surakarta
83:
1890:
Raja di Alam Republik: Keraton Kesunanan Surakarta dan Paku Buwono XII
1745:
Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Kota Surakarta
804:
The increasingly precarious conditions in Surakarta culminated on the
425:
The Kasunanan territory consisting of: (a) Surakarta Regency (current
2514:
2425:
2410:
2247:
1219:
1166:
Law 22/1948 on regional government and the historical facts in which
1024:
426:
308:
64:
38:
1609:"Penculikan Pakubuwono XII dan Dihapusnya Daerah Istimewa Surakarta"
2501:
2338:
1949:"Kedudukan Selir Pakubuwana XII Di Keraton Surakarta (1944 – 2004)"
1740:
1059:"Pangeran Surakarta Ajukan Piagam Soekarno Jadi Bukti Keistimewaan"
840:
788:
758:
438:
399:
173:
106:
99:
1691:
Prasadana, Muhammad Anggie Farizqi; Gunawan, Hendri (2019-06-17).
521:
Government of the Surakarta Regional Indonesian National Committee
379:
2415:
2348:
2320:
2299:
1167:
836:
612:
564:
442:
337:
89:
997:', at the border of Yogyakarta Province, near the south side of
531:
Each of these governments had its own powers and apparatus. The
2400:
2144:"Menteri Roy: Status Istimewa Surakarta Ditolak karena Sejarah"
1452:
Mengenal Budaya Nasional "Trah Raja-raja Mataram di Tanah Jawa"
1196:
Sekitar Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia: perang gerilya semesta ii
465:
2092:"Ganjar nilai wacana pemekaran Surakarta berasal dari keraton"
753:
movement wanted to abolish the royal system on the grounds of
336:
The establishment of the Special Region was done by President
2343:
980:
56:
Location of the Special Province of Daerah Istimewa Surakarta
1583:"Sejarah Peristiwa 3 Juli 1946, Kudeta Pertama di Indonesia"
684:
480:
2481:
2392:
2358:
2328:
1664:
Soeharto; Dwipayana, G.; Hadimadja, Ramadhan Karta (1991).
1117:
2239:
Kasunanan Special Region and Mangkunagaran Special Region
1663:
554:
1888:
Setiadi, Bram; Trihandayani, D.S.; Hadi, Qomarul (2001).
1693:"Keruntuhan Birokrasi Tradisional di Kasunanan Surakarta"
1667:
Soeharto, My Thoughts, Words, and Deeds: An Autobiography
1250:
Special Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Government
485:
During this period there was a dual government between:
1905:
1887:
1641:
Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia
1484:
Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia
1220:"Amanat 5 September 1945 - Wikisource bahasa Indonesia"
595:
upheavals. With the monarchical upheaval and the anti-
2169:"Roy Suryo dukung MK tolak Daerah Istimewa Surakarta"
1703:(2). Balai Pelestarian Budaya Kalimantan Barat: 196.
928:, to be appointed as the new Susuhunan and Lt. Col.
340:
as a reward for the recognition of the kings of the
969:in Jakarta, on this occasion he explained that the
835:President Sukarno then ordered Lieutenant Colonel
543:(Prime Minister) for and on behalf of His Majesty
1567:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2694:
1865:
1690:
916:in 1948–1949. The TNI had even prepared Colonel
611:Pakubuwono XII receiving a visit from President
460:(minus Colomadu and Gondangrejo districts), (b)
24:
2119:"MK tolak gugatan ahli waris Keraton Surakarta"
1268:
507:
319:
816:, was kidnapped by the republican opposition,
2708:States and territories disestablished in 1946
2271:
1449:
947:
640:(prime minister) of the Kesunanan and former
468:exclave), and (c) Mangkunegaran City Regency.
22:Special Province of Daerah Istimewa Surakarta
2062:
1304:Since 1957, it has been the territory of DIY
952:
332:, on display at the Surakarta Palace Museum.
195:• Dissolved and merged to Central Java
2010:"Daerah Istimewa Surakarta, Cemburu Jogja?"
1399:
1125:the PPKI Decision as contained in the book
728:
660:as Governor of the Special Region. Adipati
571:High Commissioner of the Central Government
456:Mangkunegaran territory consisting of: (a)
374:
2703:States and territories established in 1945
2285:
2278:
2264:
1759:"Keraton Surakarta Tuntut Status Istimewa"
981:Recent developments in the Reformation era
820:(Union of Struggle), led by Major-General
668:, which was almost the same weight as the
421:The Special Region of Surakarta includes:
363:Four days later, on 5 September 1945, the
50:
1708:
1502:
1500:
1352:
783:movement escalated into mass action. The
623:can be seen staring apathetically behind.
481:DIS Government August 1945 – October 1945
1946:
1606:
1190:
824:and 14 civilian leaders, among them was
797:) by the socialist movement of the anti-
732:
606:
574:KNI Surakarta Regional Working Committee
378:
323:
2166:
2089:
2007:
1751:
1541:(2). Universitas Negeri Semarang: 198.
1528:
1313:
602:
555:DIS Government October 1945 – July 1946
2695:
2141:
2116:
1497:
1477:
1330:"Indonesian Traditional States part 1"
1243:
1116:Furthermore, on 19 August 1945 at the
1099:from the original on 23 September 2020
1080:
1078:
1011:Region is up to the president and the
2259:
2058:
2056:
1920:
1901:
1899:
1861:
1859:
1659:
1657:
1631:
1629:
1607:Matanasi, Petrik (29 December 2020).
1524:
1522:
1520:
1473:
1471:
1445:
1443:
1374:
1244:Mahany, Andry Trisandy (2022-09-17).
1174:and Sudarisman Purwokusumo's Special
922:Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army
584:Central Indonesian National Committee
1535:Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
1186:
1184:
1172:Sekitar Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia
1053:
1051:
1049:
1036:involvement in the palace conflict.
1021:Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs
906:Sekitar Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia
712:War, especially during the reign of
2063:Adhi Nugroho, Wisnu (7 July 2013).
1910:. Pembangunan Budi Pakarti Kejawen.
1600:
1575:
1418:
1075:
406:) or at the Regency level (such as
13:
2053:
1921:Media, Kompas Cyber (2023-02-05).
1896:
1856:
1654:
1626:
1517:
1468:
1440:
768:On 17 October 1945, the Susuhunan
26:Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Surakarta
14:
2729:
2416:Special Capital Region of Jakarta
1990:(in Indonesian). 14 December 2010
1788:"Selayang Pandang Kota Surakarta"
1763:Constitutional Court of Indonesia
1697:Handep: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Budaya
1181:
1063:Constitutional Court of Indonesia
1046:
2382:
1906:Yosodipura, K. R. M. H. (1994).
1866:Putri Musaparsih, Cahya (2005).
914:Second Dutch Military Aggression
893:
719:
275:
250:
236:
2160:
2135:
2110:
2083:
2027:
2001:
1976:
1947:Yuniyati, Winahyu Adha (2014).
1940:
1914:
1881:
1822:
1798:
1780:
1733:
1684:
1529:Sutiyah, Sutiyah (2017-09-19).
1393:
1368:
1346:
1322:
1307:
1298:
1288:
747:East Sumatran Social Revolution
2242:19 August 1945 - 16 June 1946
1892:. Jakarta: Bina Rena Pariwara.
1670:. Citra Lamtoro Gung Persada.
1262:
1237:
1212:
1156:
1140:Risalah Sidang BPUPKI dan PPKI
1132:
1127:Risalah Sidang BPUPKI dan PPKI
1110:
761:had a stronger influence than
577:Surakarta Regional Directorium
527:Praja Mangkunegaran Government
1:
2718:Former provinces of Indonesia
2142:Fadjri, Raihul (2014-03-31).
2041:(in Indonesian). 26 June 2013
2008:Pradana, Rifky (2010-12-15).
1547:10.15294/paramita.v27i2.11164
1400:Kartodirdjo, Sartono (1993).
1377:Gubernur Pertama Di Indonesia
524:Surakarta Sunanate Government
472:
35:Province-level special region
2421:Special Region of Yogyakarta
2237:Special Region of Surakarta/
2216:Special Region of Yogyakarta
2167:Sunaryo, Arie (2014-03-30).
1589:(in Indonesian). 3 July 2019
1478:Johari, Hendi (2019-05-17).
1039:
599:(anti-monarchist) movement.
404:Special Region of Yogyakarta
369:Special Region of Yogyakarta
320:Origin of the Special Region
16:Former province of Indonesia
7:
2617:Special Region of Surakarta
2189:
2117:Susilo, Joko (2014-03-27).
1643:(in Indonesian). 2019-11-04
1027:, who is a relative of the
810:Prime Minister of Indonesia
689:(anti-monarchist) agitation
589:
508:
295:Special Region of Surakarta
10:
2734:
1637:"Kisah Penculikan Sjahrir"
1454:. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
1318:. Pura Pustaka Yogyakarta.
1176:Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
948:Re-establishment proposals
830:Indonesian Communist Party
706:
2640:
2609:
2566:
2543:
2500:
2472:
2434:
2391:
2380:
2319:
2293:
2244:
2235:
2223:
1480:"Di Bawah Simbol Banteng"
1375:Evita, Andi Lili (2017).
1316:Daerah Istimewa Surakarta
1246:"Amanat 5 September 1945"
953:Attempt by Pakubuwono XII
499:
215:
211:
207:
203:
193:
183:
179:
169:
165:
161:
149:
145:
135:
131:
119:
115:
105:
77:
70:
60:
49:
44:
33:
21:
884:Minister of Home Affairs
729:Suspension and abolition
648:, was kidnapped by anti-
396:subdivision of Indonesia
375:Administrative divisions
2334:Bangka Belitung Islands
2090:Parwito (8 July 2013).
1710:10.33652/handep.v2i2.36
1549:(inactive 2024-09-19).
365:Sultanate of Yogyakarta
2287:Provinces of Indonesia
2196:Provinces of Indonesia
1964:Cite journal requires
1450:Joko Darmawan (2017).
1355:"Sri Mangkoenagoro IX"
1334:www.worldstatesmen.org
1314:Samroni, Imam (2010).
848:
818:Persatoean Perdjoangan
738:
646:KRMH. Sasradiningrat V
624:
391:
346:Duchy of Mangkunegaran
333:
25:
1192:Nasution, Abdul Haris
736:
610:
382:
327:
2474:Lesser Sunda Islands
2206:History of Surakarta
1830:"Profil Jawa Tengah"
988:Constitutional Court
967:Cabinet of Indonesia
910:Abdul Haris Nasution
749:, the Surakarta anti
603:Monarchical upheaval
2306:) •
1810:peraturan.bpk.go.id
1792:DPRD Kota Surakarta
1747:. 18 February 2023.
1357:. Joglosemar Online
1029:Yogyakartan Keraton
856:presidential palace
698:the "wild-west" of
615:and Vice President
516:Japanese government
458:Karanganyar Regency
402:level (such as the
185:• Established
2568:Western New Guinea
2530:Southeast Sulawesi
2492:West Nusa Tenggara
2487:East Nusa Tenggara
2444:Central Kalimantan
2312:under construction
2227:Surakarta Sunanate
2211:Surakarta Sunanate
739:
666:Treaty of Salatiga
625:
392:
384:Surakarta Sunanate
342:Surakarta Sunanate
334:
244:Surakarta Sunanate
2688:
2687:
2649:Current governors
2254:
2253:
2245:Succeeded by
1699:(in Indonesian).
1677:978-979-8085-01-7
1537:(in Indonesian).
1386:978-602-1289-72-3
1224:id.wikisource.org
1033:Surakarta Keraton
995:Ritual Wilujengan
808:, when the first
670:Treaty of Giyanti
662:Mangkunegara VIII
621:Mangkunegara VIII
549:Mangkunegara VIII
431:Sukoharjo Regency
398:. Whether at the
357:Mangkunegara VIII
305:autonomous region
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
263:
262:
156:Mangkunegara VIII
151:• 1945–1946
121:• 1945–1946
79: • Type
2725:
2610:Former provinces
2510:Central Sulawesi
2459:South Kalimantan
2454:North Kalimantan
2386:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2224:Preceded by
2221:
2220:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:(in Indonesian).
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1836:. Archived from
1834:jawatengah.go.id
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1765:. Archived from
1755:
1749:
1748:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1558:
1526:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:, September 2021
1422:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1188:
1179:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1136:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1055:
999:Prambanan Temple
960:Soekiman Cabinet
868:De Javasche Bank
864:Amir Syarifuddin
789:General Sudirman
513:
511:
501:
462:Wonogiri Regency
447:Boyolali Regency
313:special autonomy
302:provincial-level
279:
278:
267:
266:
254:
253:
240:
239:
233:
232:
217:
216:
80:
54:
28:
19:
18:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2636:
2622:Central Sumatra
2605:
2596:Southwest Papua
2562:
2539:
2496:
2468:
2464:West Kalimantan
2449:East Kalimantan
2430:
2387:
2378:
2315:
2289:
2284:
2250:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2165:
2161:
2152:
2150:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2098:(in Indonesian)
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2071:(in Indonesian)
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2016:(in Indonesian)
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1929:(in Indonesian)
1919:
1915:
1904:
1897:
1886:
1882:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1843:
1841:
1840:on 29 June 2006
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1615:(in Indonesian)
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1560:
1559:
1527:
1518:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1486:(in Indonesian)
1476:
1469:
1462:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1353:Negoro, Suryo.
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1277:(in Indonesian)
1267:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1226:(in Indonesian)
1218:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1189:
1182:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1042:
983:
955:
950:
896:
785:Barisan Banteng
731:
722:
709:
691:
605:
592:
557:
533:Kooti Zimukyoku
509:Kōchi-jimukyoku
493:
491:Kooti Zimukyoku
483:
475:
445:exclaves), (c)
377:
322:
276:
251:
237:
196:
186:
152:
122:
78:
55:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2659:GRP per capita
2656:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Highland Papua
2578:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2545:Maluku Islands
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:South Sulawesi
2522:
2520:North Sulawesi
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2159:
2134:
2109:
2082:
2052:
2026:
2000:
1975:
1966:|journal=
1939:
1913:
1895:
1880:
1855:
1821:
1797:
1779:
1750:
1732:
1683:
1676:
1653:
1625:
1599:
1574:
1516:
1496:
1467:
1460:
1439:
1417:
1410:
1392:
1385:
1367:
1345:
1321:
1306:
1297:
1287:
1261:
1236:
1211:
1204:
1180:
1155:
1148:
1131:
1109:
1074:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1008:Ganjar Pranowo
982:
979:
954:
951:
949:
946:
942:Mohammad Hatta
924:), the son of
918:GPH Jatikusuma
895:
892:
763:Pakubuwono XII
755:anti-feudalism
730:
727:
721:
718:
708:
705:
704:
703:
695:
690:
683:
682:
681:
677:
673:
658:Pakubuwono XII
654:
634:Pakubuwono XII
617:Mohammad Hatta
604:
601:
591:
588:
579:
578:
575:
572:
556:
553:
545:Pakubuwono XII
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
482:
479:
474:
471:
470:
469:
454:
451:Sragen Regency
435:Klaten Regency
427:Surakarta City
376:
373:
353:Pakubuwono XII
330:Pakubuwono XII
321:
318:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
273:
264:
261:
260:
255:
247:
246:
241:
229:
228:
223:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
189:15 August 1945
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
171:
170:Historical era
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
129:
128:
126:Pakubuwono XII
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
93:special region
81:
75:
74:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
47:
46:
42:
41:
31:
30:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2730:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2691:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Highest point
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Central Papua
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2535:West Sulawesi
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:South Sumatra
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:North Sumatra
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2232:
2231:Mangkunegaran
2228:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1958:
1950:
1943:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1769:on 2020-06-19
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
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271:Central Java
226:Succeeded by
225:
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199:16 June 1946
2591:South Papua
2173:merdeka.com
2123:Antara News
2096:merdeka.com
2069:Antara News
1850:Archive.org
1168:R.P. Suroso
1164:contradicts
1123:contradicts
920:(the first
872:karesidenan
464:(including
437:(including
221:Preceded by
2697:Categories
2627:East Timor
2601:West Papua
2436:Kalimantan
2178:2023-07-10
2153:2023-07-10
2128:2023-07-10
2020:2023-07-10
2014:KOMPASIANA
1994:2023-07-10
1933:2023-07-10
1927:KOMPAS.com
1815:2023-06-27
1773:2019-10-30
1647:2023-06-23
1619:2023-01-29
1593:2019-08-17
1490:2023-06-28
1434:2023-06-28
1361:2010-04-28
1339:2023-06-28
1281:2023-06-28
1275:KOMPAS.com
1255:2023-06-22
1230:2023-06-22
1103:2023-06-20
1068:2023-06-20
1013:parliament
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826:Tan Malaka
794:landreform
700:Yogyakarta
680:apparatus.
473:Governance
400:provincial
386:(red) and
90:diarchical
71:Government
2713:Surakarta
2679:ISO codes
2515:Gorontalo
2426:West Java
2411:East Java
2308:Nusantara
2248:Surakarta
2039:detiknews
1988:detiknews
1727:198039293
1719:2684-7256
1555:2407-5825
1090:bpk.go.id
1040:Reference
1025:Roy Suryo
876:residency
841:Soedirman
828:, of the
822:Sudarsono
779:The anti-
751:-swapraja
676:citizens.
619:in 1946.
309:Indonesia
95:within a
65:Surakarta
45:1945–1946
39:Indonesia
2643:Lists by
2631:de facto
2502:Sulawesi
2339:Bengkulu
2190:See also
1613:tirto.id
1587:tirto.id
1194:(1996).
1094:Archived
975:Swapraja
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597:swapraja
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439:Kotagede
416:Bulongan
344:and the
299:de-facto
174:Cold War
107:Governor
100:republic
84:Devolved
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2321:Sumatra
2304:current
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2296:Capital
2102:11 July
2075:11 July
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1875:Skripsi
1844:20 June
1295:passed.
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707:Economy
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338:Sukarno
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845:Dutch
685:Anti-
642:BPUPK
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408:Kutai
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1715:ISSN
1672:ISBN
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