484:, in seventeen books and 2,374 chapters, is intended to be a practical manual for the student and the official alike; and, to fulfil this object, it treats of the mechanic arts of life as well as the subtleties of the scholar, the duties of the prince and the tactics of the general. It is a summary of all the scholastic knowledge of the age and does not confine itself to natural history. It treats of logic, rhetoric, poetry, geometry, astronomy, the human instincts and passions, education, the industrial and mechanical arts, anatomy, surgery and medicine, jurisprudence and the administration of justice.
38:
461:
166:
715:(xxiv.). Vincent's Charlemagne is a curious medley of the great emperor of history and the champion of romance. He is at once the gigantic eater of Turpin, the huge warrior eight feet high, who could lift the armed knight standing on his open hand to a level with his head, the crusading conqueror of Jerusalem in the days before the crusades, and yet with all this the temperate drinker and admirer of St Augustine, as his character had filtered down through various channels from the historical pages of
632:
731:
is
Vincent's constant habit of devoting several chapters to selections from the writings of each great author, whether sacred or profane, as he mentions him in the course of his work. The extracts from Cicero and Ovid, Origen and St John Chrysostom, Augustine and Jerome are but specimens of a useful
393:
Books v.–xiv. treat of the sea and the dry land: the discourse of the seas, the ocean and the great rivers, agricultural operations, metals, precious stones, plants, herbs with their seeds, grains and juices, trees wild and cultivated, their fruits and their saps. Under each species, where possible,
529:
Book xvi. is given up to mathematics, under which head are included music, geometry, astronomy, astrology, weights and measures, and metaphysics. It is noteworthy that in this book, Vincent shows a knowledge of the Arabic numerals, though he does not call them by this name. With him, the unit is
514:
Books vii.–ix. have reference to the political arts: they contain rules for the education of a prince and a summary of the forms, terms and statutes of canonical, civil and criminal law. Book xi. is devoted to the mechanical arts, of weavers, smiths, armourers, merchants, hunters, and even the
688:
The first book opens with the mysteries of God and the angels, and then passes on to the works of the six days and the creation of man. It includes dissertations on the various vices and virtues, the different arts and sciences, and carries down the history of the world to the sojourn in
368:, their attributes, powers, orders, etc., down to such minute points such as their methods of communicating thought, on which matter the author decides, in his own person, that they have a kind of intelligible speech, and that with angels, to think and to speak are not the same process.
506:
are discussed in books ii. and iii., the latter including several well-known fables, such as the lion and the mouse. Book iv. treats of the virtues, each of which has two chapters of quotations allotted to it, one in prose and the other in verse. Book v. is of a somewhat similar
279:, and a few other contemporary writers by anonymous fourteenth century Dominicans. As a whole, the work totals 3.25 million words and 80 books and 9885 chapters. Additionally it is ordered "according to the order of sacred Scripture," utilizing the sequence of
722:
Book xxv. includes the first crusade, and in the course of book xxix., which contains an account of the Tatars, the author enters on what is almost contemporary history, winding up in book xxxi. with a short narrative of the crusade of St Louis in
181:
Vincent de
Beauvais worked on his compendium for approximately 29 years (1235-1264) in the pursuit of presenting a compendium of all of the knowledge available at the time. He collected the materials for the work from libraries around the
200:
of France. The metaphor of the title has been argued to "reflect" the microcosmic relations of
Medieval knowledge. In this case, the book mirrors "both the contents and organization of the cosmos". Vincent himself stated that he chose
510:
With book vi., we enter on the practical part of the work: it gives directions for building, gardening, sowing and reaping, rearing cattle and tending vineyards; it includes also a kind of agricultural almanac for each month in the
957:. An eighteenth century writer remarked that this work was "a more-or-less worthless farrago of a clumsy plagiarist", one who merely extracted and compiled great swaths of text from other authors. A textual analysis of how the
415:, or "snake-foot", which are described as "powerful serpents, with faces very like those of human maidens and necks ending in serpent bodies". There is also a general treatise on animal physiology spread over books xxi.-xxii.
841:. Additionally he seems to have known Hebrew, Arabic and Greek authors only through their popular Latin versions. He admits that his quotations are not always exact, but asserts that this was the fault of careless copyists.
866:
was rarely copied in full, with the possibility of only two complete sets of a tripartite copy surviving today. Beyond the labour involved in copying manuscripts, one historian has argued that such separation of the
950:
in 1624 and was reprinted in 1964/65 in Graz. While
Beauvais had plans to write this book there is no historical record of its content. However, after 1300 a compilation was created and attributed to be part of the
703:
In the chapters devoted to the origins of
Britain, he relies on the Brutus legend, but cannot carry his catalogue of British or English kings further than 735, where he honestly confesses that his authorities fail
518:
Books xii.–xiv. deal with medicine both in practice and in theory: they contain practical rules for the preservation of health according to the four seasons of the year and treat of various diseases from fever to
433:
The remaining four books seem more or less supplementary; the last (xxxii.) is a summary of geography and history down to the year 1250, when the book seems to have been given to the world, perhaps along with
390:
Books iii. and iv. deal with the phenomena of the heavens and of time, which is measured by the motions of the heavenly bodies, with the sky and all its wonders, fire, rain, thunder, dew, winds, etc.
336:, divided into thirty-two books and 3,718 chapters, is a summary of all of the science and natural history known to Western Europe towards the middle of the 13th century, a mosaic of quotations from
315:. Isidore's influence is explicitly referenced by Vincent's prologue and can be seen in some minor forms of organization as well as the stylistic brevity used to describe the branches of knowledge.
665:, which provided a history of the world down to Vincent's time. It was a massive work, running to nearly 1400 large double-column pages in the 1627 printing. While it has been suggested that the
394:
Vincent gives a chapter on its use in medicine, and he adopts for the most part an alphabetical arrangement. In book ix., he gives an early instance of the use of the magnet in navigation.
560:. In his chapter xvi. 9, he clearly explains how the value of a number increases tenfold with every place it is moved to the left. He is even acquainted with the later invention of the
765:
alone no less than 350 distinct works are cited, and to these must be added at least 100 more for the other two sections. His reading ranges from philosophers to naturalists including
287:, from "creation, to fall, redemption, and re-creation". This ordering system provides evidence that this "thirteenth-century encyclopedia must be counted among the tools for biblical
407:
Books xviii.–xxii. deal in a similar way with domesticated and wild animals, including the dog, serpents, bees and insects. Book xx also includes descriptions of fantastic
356:
from around 1235 to around the time of his death in 1264. During this period, it was first completed in 1244 and then expanded in a second version in 1259 or 1260.
1459:
969:
shows that, while heavily extracted, the compiler made conscious decisions about the placement of parts and also redirected the meaning of certain passages.
696:
occupies a great part of book xv.; and book xvi. gives an account of Daniel's nine kingdoms, in which account
Vincent differs from his professed authority,
873:
was due in part to medieval readers not recognizing the work to be organized as a whole. The circulation of the four parts accordingly varied. While
692:
The next eleven books ii.–xii. conduct us through sacred and secular history down to the triumph of
Christianity under Constantine. The story of
1561:
Guzman, Gregory (1974). "The
Encyclopedist Vincent of Beauvais and His Mongol Extracts from John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin".
412:
1464:
739:
is the large space devoted to miracles. Four of the medieval historians from whom he quotes most frequently are
Sigebert of Gembloux,
573:
The last book (xvii.) treats of theology or mythology, and winds up with an account of the Holy
Scriptures and of the Fathers, from
1697:
1489:
1437:
1418:
408:
1687:
404:
Books xvi. and xvii. treat of fowls and fishes, mainly in alphabetical order and with reference to their medical qualities.
905:
saw renewed interest since it was easier to reproduce such a sizeable work. Accordingly, there were five editions of the
17:
1692:
1528:
732:
custom which reaches its culminating point in book xxviii., which is devoted entirely to the writings of St Bernard.
352:
authors, with the sources given. Vincent distinguishes, however, his own remarks. Vincent de Beauvais began work on
213:), that is, admiration or imitation." It is by this name that the compendium is connected to the medieval genre of
1682:
121:. It was a great compendium of all knowledge of the time. The work seems to have consisted of three parts: the
831:. Beauvais also extracted information from another encyclopedic text heavily referenced in the Middle Ages,
301:
genre of texts that are commentaries on the six days of creation. Additional generic connections come from
265:), was initiated by Vincent but there are no records of its contents. All the printed editions of the
488:
Book i., after defining philosophy, etc., gives a long Latin vocabulary of some 6,000 or 7,000 words.
684:
differs from Helinand's work because it did not use chronology as a primary system of organization.
186:, and there is evidence to suggest even further than that. He found support for the creation of the
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1616:
302:
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37:
1603:
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Varieties of Encyclopedism in the Early Roman Empire: Vitruvius, Pliny the Elder, Artemidorus
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Schooling and Society: The Ordering and Reordering of Knowledge in the Western Middle Ages
8:
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214:
114:
57:
1202:
854:
Researchers have accounted for approximately 250–350 different manuscript copies of the
139:("The Mirror of History"). However, all the printed editions include a fourth part, the
1617:"Deconstructing Bricolage: Interactive Online Analysis of Compiled Texts with Factotum"
1586:
1578:
1481:
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of man, the five senses and their organs, sleep, dreams, ecstasy, memory, reason, etc.
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1524:
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380:
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183:
1639:
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and its relation to creation; then follows a similar series of chapters about
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for its name because his work contains "whatever is worthy of contemplation (
197:
1468:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–91.
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1406:
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983:
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106:
77:
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Two royal visits to respectively the author and translator of Vincent's
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Vincent de Beauvais @ Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge (ARLIMA.net)
814:
423:
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in varying degrees of completion. This is due to the fact that the
796:
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173:, translated into French by Jean de Vignay, Bruges, c. 1478–1480,
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Book xv. deals with physics and may be regarded as a summary of
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The number of writers quoted by Vincent is substantial: in the
751:, whom he uses for Continental as well as for English history.
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Reading the World: Encyclopedic Writing in the Scholastic Age
1353:
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1305:
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1266:
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was by far the most popular part to be copied within Europe,
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376:
372:
337:
225:
The original structure of the work consisted of three parts:
67:
1160:
1071:
680:) served as its model, more recent research points out that
1436:
sfnp error: no target: CITEREFZahoraNikulinMewsSquire2015 (
1417:
sfnp error: no target: CITEREFZahoraNikulinMewsSquire2015 (
1145:
1083:
1044:
1029:
590:
567:
448:
1540:"Review of 'Memory and Commemoration in Medieval Culture'"
1059:
700:, by reckoning England as the fourth instead of the fifth.
619:
911:
printed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries.
1370:
881:
was sometimes mistakenly discussed as the great work of
397:
Book xv. deals with astronomy: the moon, the stars, the
271:
include this fourth part, which is mainly compiled from
169:
Miniature of Vincent of Beauvais in a manuscript of the
1431:
1412:
916:
320:
401:, the sun, the planets, the seasons and the calendar.
1329:
387:
and his fallen angels and the work of the first day.
1513:] (in Italian), Fisciano: University of Salerno
1382:
707:Seven more books bring the history to the rise of
1602:(PhD). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
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1475:Pliny's Encyclopedia: The Reception of the
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27:13th c. encyclopedia by Vincent de Beauvais
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930:often include a fourth section called the
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655:The most widely disseminated part of the
464:Two page spread of Vincent of Beauvais's
371:Book ii. treats of the created world, of
1523:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
630:
536:; when multiplied by ten it becomes the
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164:
157:, and a few other contemporary writers.
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145:("The Mirror of Morals"), added in the
14:
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1101:
899:With the advent of moveable type, the
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360:Book i. opens with an account of the
891:("The Great Philosophy of Nature").
849:
844:
105:: "The Greater Mirror") was a major
1615:Zahora, Tomas; et al. (2015).
934:. The four-volume complete edition
894:
24:
828:Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate
25:
1709:
1633:
468:, a manuscript copy c. 1301–1400.
418:Books xxiii.–xxviii. discuss the
1645:, Hermannus Liechtenstein, 1494.
1205:. Likewise reported in the book
963:integrated St. Thomas Aquinas's
438:and possibly an earlier form of
196:to which he belonged as well as
133:("The Mirror of Doctrine"), and
36:
1698:Medieval European encyclopedias
1447:
1196:
542:; while the combination of the
42:1473 Strasbourg edition of the
1666:Speculum Historiale. XXVI–XXIX
1484:: Cambridge University Press.
946:was first printed in Douai by
160:
127:("The Mirror of Nature"), the
13:
1:
1658:Speculum Historiale. XVII–XXI
1598:Harris-McCoy, Daniel (2008).
1519:Franklin-Brown, Mary (2012).
972:
674:
1621:Digital Humanities Quarterly
977:
888:Magna de Naturis Philosophia
7:
1688:13th-century books in Latin
1650:Speculum Historiale. XI–XVI
1508:William of Conches and the
177:Royal 14 E. i, vol. 1, f. 3
10:
1714:
1501:Guglielmo di Conches e il
754:
735:Another notable aspect of
727:One remarkable feature of
639:translated into French by
220:
1499:Ferrara, Carmine (2016),
711:(xxiii.) and the days of
149:and mainly compiled from
73:
63:
53:
35:
1693:13th-century manuscripts
1510:Dragmaticon Philosophiae
1503:Dragmaticon Philosophiae
1209:, year 2004 on page 102.
924:Printed editions of the
579:Dionysius the Areopagite
1465:Encyclopædia Britannica
1401:Zahora & al. (2015)
515:general and the sailor.
297:has connections to the
1683:Encyclopedias in Latin
1669:. Naples, before 1481.
1661:. Naples, before 1481.
1653:. Naples, before 1481.
1553:10.14296/rih/2014/1601
1538:Guerry, Emily (2014).
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1456:Archer, Thomas Andrew
1365:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1348:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1324:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1312:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1300:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1288:Franklin-Brown (2012)
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1249:Franklin-Brown (2012)
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1155:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1090:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1078:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1054:Franklin-Brown (2012)
1039:Franklin-Brown (2012)
917:The inclusion of the
875:The Mirror of History
749:William of Malmesbury
745:Helinand of Froidmont
737:The Mirror of History
729:The Mirror of History
682:The Mirror of History
671:Helinand of Froidmont
663:The Mirror of History
634:
611:brethren of St Victor
463:
436:The Mirror of History
303:Hélinand of Froidmont
291:". In this vein, the
247:The Mirror of History
168:
1473:Doody, Aude (2010).
1432:Zahora et al. (2015)
1413:Zahora et al. (2015)
879:The Mirror of Nature
698:Sigebert of Gembloux
694:Barlaam and Josaphat
607:Bernard of Clairvaux
603:Anselm of Canterbury
524:The Mirror of Nature
354:The Mirror of Nature
334:The Mirror of Nature
257:The Mirror of Morals
255:). A fourth part,
227:The Mirror of Nature
1460:Vincent of Beauvais
1066:Harris-McCoy (2008)
937:Speculum Quadruplex
647:, c. 1333. At left
645:Le Miroir historial
625:Speculum Historiale
575:Ignatius of Antioch
466:Speculum Doctrinale
454:Speculum Doctrinale
252:Speculum Historiale
242:Speculum Doctrinale
215:speculum literature
171:Speculum Historiale
136:Speculum Historiale
130:Speculum Doctrinale
115:Vincent of Beauvais
58:Vincent of Beauvais
45:Speculum Historiale
32:
18:Speculum historiale
1544:Reviews in History
1302:, p. 42; 101.
1239:, pp. 90, 91.
1193:, p. 100–101.
1181:, p. 106–107.
948:Balthazar Bellerus
883:William of Conches
811:Hugh of St. Victor
653:
557:numerus compositus
470:
450:Mirror of Doctrine
307:Isidore of Seville
277:Stephen de Bourbon
179:
155:Stephen of Bourbon
48:by Johann Mentelin
30:
1641:Speculum Naturale
1491:978-0-511-67707-6
1379:, pp. 35–36.
850:Manuscript copies
845:Reception history
637:Mirror of History
621:Mirror of History
587:Gregory the Great
472:The second part,
332:The vast tome of
326:Speculum Naturale
294:Speculum Naturale
232:Speculum Naturale
124:Speculum Naturale
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1171:
1159:
1144:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1080:, p. 271.
1070:
1068:, p. 116.
1058:
1043:
1028:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
960:Speculum Maius
954:Speculum Maius
927:Speculum Maius
921:
915:
908:Speculum Maius
902:Speculum Maius
896:
893:
870:Speculum Maius
863:Speculum Maius
857:Speculum Maius
851:
848:
846:
843:
823:Thomas Aquinas
767:Peter Alphonso
762:Speculum Maius
756:
753:
741:Hugh of Fleury
725:
724:
720:
705:
701:
690:
658:Speculum Maius
641:Jean de Vignay
628:
618:
615:
614:
571:
527:
520:
516:
512:
508:
489:
457:
447:
444:
443:
431:
416:
405:
402:
395:
391:
388:
369:
329:
319:
305:chronicle and
273:Thomas Aquinas
268:Speculum Maius
222:
219:
189:Speculum Maius
162:
159:
151:Thomas Aquinas
89:Speculum Maius
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1710:
1699:
1696:
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1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1668:
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1626:
1622:
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1592:
1588:
1584:
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1536:
1532:
1530:9780226260686
1526:
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1487:
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1428:
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1397:
1390:
1389:Guzman (1974)
1385:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
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1349:
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1337:
1332:
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1208:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1169:, p. 97.
1168:
1163:
1157:, p. 61.
1156:
1151:
1149:
1142:, p. 91.
1141:
1139:
1133:
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1129:
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1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1102:Guerry (2014)
1098:
1092:, p. 98.
1091:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1062:
1056:, p. 95.
1055:
1050:
1048:
1041:, p. 11.
1040:
1035:
1033:
1026:, p. 90.
1025:
1023:
1017:
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1007:
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829:
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807:
802:
798:
794:
789:
788:Julius Celsus
784:
783:Julius Caesar
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
730:
721:
718:
714:
710:
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687:
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633:
626:
622:
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612:
608:
604:
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584:
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569:
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286:
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278:
274:
269:
263:
258:
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243:
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233:
228:
218:
216:
211:
205:
199:
198:King Louis IX
195:
190:
185:
184:Île-de-France
176:
172:
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158:
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137:
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39:
34:
19:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1640:
1624:
1620:
1599:
1566:
1562:
1543:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1478:
1474:
1463:
1448:Bibliography
1427:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1343:
1336:Doody (2010)
1331:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1256:
1244:
1234:
1229:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1137:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1021:
931:
923:
918:
913:
898:
878:
874:
853:
836:
806:Didascalicon
801:Peter Helias
781:(Ibn Sīnā),
758:
736:
734:
728:
726:
681:
666:
662:
654:
644:
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624:
620:
616:
523:
481:
477:
473:
471:
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453:
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445:
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353:
333:
331:
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321:
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310:
256:
246:
236:
226:
224:
180:
170:
147:14th century
119:13th century
107:encyclopedia
94:
86:
84:
78:Encyclopedia
1434:, Para. 23.
1415:, Para. 13.
1403:, Para. 12.
713:Charlemagne
678: 1229
649:Saint Louis
379:, the four
348:, and even
312:Etymologies
161:Compilation
113:written by
111:Middle Ages
1677:Categories
1235:Enc. Brit.
1138:Enc. Brit.
1022:Enc. Brit.
973:References
815:Quintilian
605:, down to
593:, through
424:physiology
420:psychology
285:Revelation
210:speculatio
1608:304510158
1591:162460524
1482:Cambridge
1458:(1911). "
978:Citations
940:with the
775:Augustine
771:Aristotle
667:Chronicon
545:articulus
539:articulus
478:Education
413:draconope
411:like the
299:hexameron
192:from the
1604:ProQuest
1563:Speculum
797:Eusebius
779:Avicenna
709:Muhammad
609:and the
599:Lanfranc
548:and the
500:rhetoric
482:Learning
381:elements
289:exegesis
204:speculum
64:Language
1583:2856045
755:Sources
717:Einhard
554:is the
551:digitus
533:digitus
530:termed
507:nature.
492:Grammar
428:anatomy
385:Lucifer
362:Trinity
281:Genesis
245:), and
221:Content
117:in the
109:of the
1606:
1589:
1581:
1527:
1488:
1237:(1911)
1140:(1911)
1024:(1911)
885:, the
821:, and
819:Seneca
803:, the
793:Cicero
747:, and
689:Egypt.
595:Alcuin
583:Jerome
504:poetry
399:zodiac
366:angels
350:Hebrew
346:Arabic
54:Author
1587:S2CID
1579:JSTOR
1506:[
723:1250.
563:cifra
519:gout.
511:year.
496:logic
480:, or
377:color
373:light
342:Greek
338:Latin
103:Latin
97:Majus
74:Genre
68:Latin
1627:(1).
1525:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1438:help
1419:help
704:him.
673:(d.
661:was
601:and
591:Bede
585:and
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