Sport in China - Knowledge

807: 1554:

that united the country in the spirit of socialism allowing women to gain greater equality. In 1952, at the June inaugural meeting of the All-China Sports Federation, he called on the Chinese people to “Develop physical culture and sport, and strengthen the physique of the people.” In 1953, during a speech on behalf of the Presidium of the Second National Congress of the New Democratic Youth League of China, Mao said: “Now we must make sure that everybody, including workers, peasants, soldiers, students and cadres, can keep fit. Of course, it does not necessarily mean that if you are in good health you will be good at study, for study must be done in the proper way… Now it is necessary to arrange some recreation for which there must be time and facilities, and this end should be firmly grasped too. The Party Central Committee has decided to cut down the number of meetings and study hours, and you must see to it that this decision is carried out. Challenge anyone who refuses to do so. In short, young people should be able to keep fit, study well and work well.”

1563:

literary texts, and operas (wuxi). Rural women were at the forefront of this movement due to their predisposition in the countryside bringing them towards sports. This is due to Chinese sport typically being associated with lower class individuals, especially peasants, in the historically hierarchical male dominated society. Secondly, the very nature of peasant labor requires a strong physique and mental toughness, typically associated with rural women during the Cultural Revolution. Through Mao’s movement, women gained respect across the country but still fought for the rights to full equality. Lou Dapeng, Vice-President of the Chinese Track and Field association, is reported as saying that “It has been our policy to concentrate on women's sports.” The swimming Coach Chen Yungpeng also said that “the outstanding achievements made by female athletes… have encouraged Chinese sports authorities to channel more funds and manpower to women's events than to mens, resulting in wider participation and higher technical standards among women.”

3516: 1576:

sports clubs to engage in fitness activities. It is expected that by the end of 2005, 37% of China's total population will participate in regular physical exercises, and that over 95% of students will meet the National Physical Exercise Standard. Aiming to improve the health and the overall physical condition of the general population, the Nationwide Physical Fitness Program, with an emphasis on young people and children, encourages everyone to engage in at least one sporting activity every day, learn at least two ways of keeping fit and have a health examination every year.

1735: 2233: 4109: 4119: 449: 1220: 1685:

Central Government, making it China's largest ever in terms of scale and population numbers. The survey showed an increase in the growth of children and teenagers in China's rural areas, every index showing an average rate of increase surpassing that of same age group children in the cities. But the survey also revealed some grounds for concern. Chinese people's physical faculties drop sharply after they turned 40.

711: 780: 1321:, with its best results in Italy (1978) and Argentina (1982), where it finished seventh. The team also placed ninth three times, in France (1956), the Soviet Union (1962), and Czechoslovakia (1966). In 2002 in Argentina, China was 13th as a new rebuilding phase got off the ground. China took part in the opening edition of the top-class 667: 1705:

and exercise facilities and students failing to reach the required physical standards are not allowed to go on to higher schools. Spring and autumn sports meets are annual events. The National Middle School Games and National University Games are held every four years. Promising teenagers are sent to

1575:

promulgated the "Outline of Nationwide Physical Fitness Program", followed by a series of rules and regulations. A survey released by the State Physical Culture Administration indicates that at present 33.9% of the population between 7 and 70 exercise regularly and 60.7% of the urban population go to

1784:

Qigong is a unique Chinese way of keeping fit. It aims at enhancing health, prolonging life, curing illness and improving physiological functions by concentrating the mind and regulating the breath. There are various entertaining and competitive sports activities in the minority-inhabited areas, for

1553:

During Mao’s rule in China from 1949 to 1976, sports were first seen as a militarized and socialist movement in which all men and women were required to take part. Mao felt it was imperative to build people’s health in order to maintain and defend the nation. Sports inspired a collective work effort

1242:

Tennis is a growing recreational sport in China, although access to courts can be limited in densely populated urban areas. Recently Chinese tennis players, especially women, have seen success internationally both at the amateur level and professionally. International tennis tournaments receive wide

1173:

in China. Apart from the national representative team, the table tennis community in China continues to produce many world-class players, and this depth of skill allows the country to continue dominating recent world titles after a short break during the 1990s. The overwhelming dominance of China in

186:

Doping in China has focused on swimmers and track and field athletes, such as those taught by Ma Junren (the Ma Family Army). Three Chinese weightlifters were stripped of their gold Olympic medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics for doping. China's doping has been attributed to a number of factors, such

1350:

Wushu is a professional sport in China and is also an academic field. The Chinese Wushu Association (CWA) has managed the progress of wushu in China since its formation in 1958 which has resulted in a system of provincial and municipal organizations which host various events and competitions. Wushu

775:

Football has always been among the more popular amateur team sports for recreation in China. High schools often have football facilities, some of which are rented on weekends to local amateur teams to organize matches. It is also popular to watch on television, with large international tournaments

759:

has finished second at both the World Championships and the Olympic Games. Despite the Chinese women's team's success at international competitions, however, women's football in China does not receive nearly as much attention as their counterparts in Canada and the United States, therefore China's

629:

won a surprising silver medal finish. At the 2008 World Men's Curling Championship, the Chinese didn't have as much success, but they also did very well, finishing 4th. The government is also hoping to promote the sport through Universities and Colleges. In March 2009, China became the first Asian

1692:

poses a big threat to the health of children, teenagers, and adults. The health of women in rural areas is far from satisfactory. Based on the survey findings, relevant departments of the government continuously study methods of keeping fit, set new ways and standards for different age groups and

1445:

The results in competitive sports were down to a training system which is constantly being perfected. It is based on youth amateur sports schools and basic-level clubs, with teams representing localities as the backbone, and the national team at the highest level. The training system ensures that

1684:

of China's population increased by 3.25 years, reaching 71.8 years, approaching the level of moderately developed countries. The latest survey of the national health, which ended in October 2001, extended over three years and 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the

1676:

The Nationwide Physical Fitness Program has set targets that, by 2010, about 40% of China's population will participate in regular physical exercise, there will be a clear improvement in the national physique and a major increase in the number of fitness sites so as to satisfy people's needs for

730:

earns one of the highest television ratings of any sport in the country and has been one of the most well supported sports in China ever since it was introduced in the 1900s. There is also written evidence that a game similar to football, Cuju, was first played in China around 50 BC. The current

697:

were very famous figure skating pair in China that received widespread media coverage during their career; they were three-time world champions and won a gold medal in Vancouver Winter Olympics 2010. Comparatively, China is weak in the other three disciplines (men's singles, ladies' singles, and

1587:

across China, open to and widely used by the public. Outdoor fitness centers have been installed in urban communities in public parks, squares, schoolyards, and other convenient locations. All communities and neighborhoods in Beijing are equipped with fitness facilities that meet the national

1562:

Chinese female athletes were able to step into the role of the “woman warrior,” a figure that won glory for the nation during the Maoist period. This figure of the female warriors (wudan) has existed down the centuries and is a stock character in martial arts novels (wuxia xiaoshuo) and other

747:

in Chinese also means "First" or "Best". Since its foundation the Super League has been relatively unstable, and has struggled to maintain popularity. In 2016, the average attendance of the CSL was 24,159 making it one of the highest attending professional football league around the world.

1596:

Starting in 2001, the State Physical Culture Administration has set aside the proceeds of the sports lottery as pilot funds, in order to build "China Sports Lottery Nationwide Physical Fitness Centers" as pilot projects in 31 large and medium-sized cities throughout the country, including

1062: 612:

has been an improving sport for China to play. The government selected athletic individuals to play curling for China. The Chinese teams both Men and Women have improved at the international level. At the 2008 Ford World Women's Championships, the Chinese curling team consisting of

1438:. In the 16 years since 1989, Chinese athletes have won 1,446 world championships, accounting for 80.3% of the total, and had broken 737 world records, making up 65.9% of the total. It was a period when China's competitive sports developed continuously and rapidly. At the 581:

and the women's team third for the best result overall. The Chinese progress has been underpinned by large government support and testing competition in numerous tough events. Commensurate with its status, China currently has seven hundred players, second only to

873:

At the amateur level, golf is seen as the top recreational sport for businesspeople and officials. Because of their relatively high position in Chinese society, they are usually the only people with access to the sport of golf on mainland China. At the

187:

as the exchange of culture and technology with foreign countries. Some commentators have compared it to doping in East Germany. Discussion of doping scandals involving Chinese athletes in international sports is widely censored in China.

109:; this meant that sports associations became profit-making entities and that a club system and professional sports leagues were formed. Chinese athletes have also begun joining professional leagues abroad, such as basketball player 1884:

China's sports industry has gone through three stages. The first was the Exploratory Stage, from 1978 to 1992. The second was the formative stage, from 1993 to 1996. The third is the development stage, from 1997 to the present.

806: 1624:

With the increase in nationwide fitness activities, people's outlook on life has also changed. In many large and medium-sized cities, spending money in the pursuit of good health has become trendy. New sports such as

1442:, China made its best ever Olympic showing, with a tally of 100 medals, including 51 golds, 21 silvers and 28 bronzes, coming first in the medals table, achieving a major breakthrough in China's sporting history. 4074: 1592:

has instituted large-scale expansion of its outdoor and indoor fitness facilities and stadiums. 2004 saw the completion of China's first large fitness arena with a floor area in excess of 10,000 m.

1301:

The China men's national volleyball team represents China in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. The team twice took part in the Summer Olympics, finishing in eighth place at the

1713:. In recent years, using sports lottery proceeds, the State Physical Culture Administration has established some 500 juvenile sports clubs a year. There were some 3,000 such clubs by the end of 2005. 387:

was first introduced in 1864 with the establishment of the Shanghai Baseball Club by American medical missionary Henry William Boone. Organized baseball games were established with a game between the

635: 298:

is popular in China thanks to its relative simplicity in recreational use and inexpensive equipment. Many Chinese badminton players have gained international success and fame, especially the many

1434:

won the first world title in China's sporting history. It was followed by many more successes. By the end of 2004 Chinese athletes had altogether won 1,800 world championships and broken 1,119

4084: 3483: 1480:

for Beijing. The centerpiece of the 2008 Games was "the bird's nest" National Stadium. With a capacity of 91,000 spectators, the stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies as well as

1112:. Snooker is played by an estimated 50 million Chinese people, and there are now over 300 snooker clubs in Beijing alone. China hosts several major professional ranking snooker tournaments. 1270:

is one of the leading squads in women's international volleyball, having won the Olympic title three times (1984, 2004 and 2016). China took five consecutive World titles in the 1980s, the

5149: 1716:

Because Chinese athletes generally start their sporting careers at a young age, some receive little education and often struggle to find a job when they retire, with a 2012 study of the

278:, traditionally Western sports such as basketball and football are getting more and more popular. China's professional sports are in its developmental stages. They also may consist of 5786: 555: 1720:

learning that almost half the sportspeople failed to find employment. The government body then started to organize retraining courses to help them learn new skills and get jobs.

3473: 3457: 891: 1487:

Since 1949, China has participated in eight Summer Olympics and nine Winter Olympics, winning 385 medals at the Summer Olympics and 44 medals at the Winter Olympics. At the

2133: 751:

At the international level, Chinese football has enjoyed little success despite the amount of support it receives from fans. Although the national team qualified for the

5934: 4079: 3021:"Susan Brownell, Training the Body for China: Sports in the Moral Order of the People's Republic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), ix, 393 pp. Paper $ 18.95" 882:

said in his Work Report to the Congress that contracts in building new golf courses should be highly discouraged and Communist party officials are banned from playing.

17: 3304: 1201:

The sport played an important role in China's international relations; in April 1972, the U.S. table tennis team were invited to visit China, an event later called "

4048: 2882: 5042: 3913: 1781:, combining control of breath, mind and body. It emphasizes body movement following mind movements, tempering toughness with gentleness and graceful carriage. 5386: 5081: 6075: 5189: 3189:

Zhang, Jie (2015-05-24). "Reality and Dilemma: The Development of China's Sports Industry since the Implementation of the Reform and Opening-Up Policy".

1531: 878:, caving in to the popular acknowledgment that the building of new golf courses is not only a waste of public funds but an illegal use of space, Premier 224:(PRC) emphasizes sports and the government funds and trains talented youngsters into professional players, especially beginning in the mid-20th century. 983:. Ma had previously become the first Chinese driver to drive an F1 car at a Grand Prix meeting when he drove in the first free practice session for the 5114: 5000: 2418: 1666: 1572: 1542: 1333: 1295: 1579:

In this 15-year-long program, the government aims to build a sport and health-building service system for the general public. There are about 620,000

743:(CSL) is the premier football league in China, which was changed from "Jia A" in 2004, as the top of a league hierarchy that extends to four leagues. 5005: 2753: 1464:. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG), established at the end of 2001, set the themes for the 2008 Games as " 972: 518:

entering the NBA are a testament to basketball's increasing popularity. In 2008, Sun Yue became another Chinese to join the NBA by signing with the

5064: 3154: 1022:

is becoming a more popular sport in China, than it previously has been. However, it is still not overly popular. China became affiliated to the

3297: 2678: 2177: 5610: 3366: 1275: 299: 5268: 4505: 4229: 1256: 2782: 2468: 4515: 1318: 647: 4845: 1476:

Olympics". Seven venues, including the National Stadium and the National Swimming Center have ushered in a new period of contemporary

4224: 3290: 2504: 1287: 1267: 79: 75: 2328: 5184: 5169: 5069: 4926: 4884: 2900: 1899: 357: 4023: 3748: 2043: 1314: 756: 5939: 5090: 4418: 4155: 1717: 1034:

so far. One segment of Chinese society where rugby is particularly popular is the military. Rugby is an official sport of the

5791: 5179: 4241: 4219: 3426: 2962: 2699: 1175: 899: 169:

drew the largest audience for a single sporting event within the boundaries of mainland China. The average attendance of the

5426: 5159: 4656: 1271: 388: 345: 319: 2618: 2526: 2378: 2346: 220:

and Chinese reformers interested in adopting and adapting physical education models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The

5154: 4525: 4274: 1391: 559: 244: 132:

basketball matchup drew China's largest audience ever for a single sports game as 100–200 million Chinese watched live.

5054: 4889: 4269: 3546: 3439: 2814: 1121: 875: 776:

such as the World Cup and the European Championships, as well as major European leagues receiving widespread coverage.

349: 2642: 4899: 4876: 4840: 4696: 4691: 4488: 3998: 3500: 3133: 2998: 2925: 2005: 1991: 1977: 1963: 1949: 1935: 1673:. This project, representing an investment of about 1 billion yuan, will be the sixth snow golf course in the world. 499:

and sponsored by the Anshan Steel Company. The CBA was established in 1995, and by 2008 it had expanded to 18 teams.

600:

is also considered a sport in China, with millions of players nationwide. There is a national Chinese chess league.

6146: 5867: 5862: 5637: 5174: 4830: 4236: 3468: 2787: 1367: 1053:

club in England, and promising young speedster Li Yang, who boasts a time of 10.6 seconds in the 100-meter sprint.

962: 938: 651: 143: 2026: 216:

Modern sports appeared in China at the beginning of the 20th century, largely under the influence of the American

5857: 5605: 5349: 5278: 4835: 4563: 4530: 4403: 4211: 4043: 1182:

is currently one of the highest-ranked Chinese table tennis players, and the highest-ranked player in the world.

1105: 1093: 1027: 578: 114: 3277: 5914: 5554: 3553: 3493: 3488: 3411: 3386: 1363: 1352: 1260: 1252: 980: 950: 761: 760:

good trend in women's football may well come to an end in the near future. In 1991, China hosted the inaugural

587: 583: 489: 463: 415: 1613:

proceeds were used to construct public sporting facilities in China's less-developed western areas and in the

1088:'s popularity has increased over the last few years in China. It can partly be attributed to the ascension of 5037: 5027: 4825: 4820: 3505: 3361: 1387: 818: 735:(CFA) was founded in the PRC after 1949. Its headquarters is located in Beijing, and the current chairman is 591: 335: 327: 85:

Prior to the 1990s, sports were entirely funded by the government. In 1994, Chinese association football was

502:

The fact that the United States is starting to notice Chinese players after Yao Ming's success (compared to

6037: 6032: 5444: 4757: 4703: 4671: 4498: 3677: 3611: 3452: 3416: 3401: 3356: 3338: 2731: 2263: 1370:, Taolu World Cup, and Sanda World Cup, as well as the sports appearance at multi-sport events such as the 1046: 976: 799: 795: 791: 732: 469:

The game was introduced to China by American YMCA workers in 1896, just five years after Canadian-American

1205:". Table tennis is the biggest amateur recreational sport in China with an estimated 300 million players. 5944: 5822: 5807: 5414: 5371: 5307: 5290: 5164: 4686: 4433: 4196: 3741: 3710: 3633: 3541: 3536: 3391: 3381: 3351: 2809: 1729: 1101: 1035: 895: 814: 3262: 2643:"J U V E N T U S: Football is the most popular spectator sports in china 농구가 아니라 축 구가 중국 최고인기의 관전 스포츠이다" 739:. From 1994 to 2004, the CFA established the first professional football league, which was "Jia A". The 55:

as an important characteristic. China has its own national quadrennial multi-sport event similar to the

5459: 5339: 5095: 5049: 5032: 5015: 4762: 4726: 4573: 4148: 3833: 3682: 3478: 3434: 3396: 3333: 1832:

have invested heavily in international sports businesses, including marketing and media companies like

1571:

The "Physical Health Law of the People's Republic of China" was adopted in 1995. In the same year, the

1397:

Many retired wushu taolu athletes have had great success as film actors, one of the most notable being

1291: 1279: 474: 407: 155: 3245: 6062: 5654: 5478: 5359: 5312: 5256: 4721: 4666: 4393: 4279: 4206: 3715: 3628: 3376: 3371: 2709: 2155: 1359: 1023: 810: 631: 323: 302:. It is a popular recreational, and professional sport, with amateur leagues throughout the country. 138:

Virtually the whole nation stands glued to their television sets, amid parties and wild celebrations.

6020: 5649: 5595: 5520: 5196: 5131: 4973: 4956: 4934: 4767: 4742: 4681: 4583: 4336: 4251: 4038: 3943: 3765: 3421: 3406: 2837: 2686: 2443: 2181: 1661:

are particularly popular among young people. At the end of 2003, work was started on China's first

1520: 1243:

coverage on Chinese sporting channels, being the third most popular after football and basketball.

4353: 2548: 6141: 6070: 5852: 5568: 5454: 5449: 5354: 5329: 5273: 5107: 5059: 4894: 4815: 4810: 4752: 4676: 4661: 4520: 4301: 3564: 2202: 1894: 1849: 1805: 1322: 1002: 988: 954: 867: 787: 655: 364: 363:

China has announced its intention to participate in both the men's and women's tournament of the

60: 4475: 2512: 6025: 5832: 5666: 5622: 5600: 5297: 4747: 4651: 4458: 4201: 3734: 3606: 1179: 1069: 419: 1278:

in 1982 and 1986. Although it experienced unstable development in the 1990s, the team won the

198:

dates back about 2000 years ago and remains a traditional event held around China every year.

6015: 6010: 5965: 5901: 5812: 5515: 5464: 5402: 5124: 4961: 4949: 4939: 4708: 4341: 4141: 3993: 3958: 1455: 1157: 934: 411: 2864: 1609:. Some of these centers have already been built. Meanwhile, some 196 million yuan of sports 5741: 5689: 5549: 5344: 5319: 5246: 5241: 5076: 4968: 4944: 4802: 4284: 3883: 3878: 3773: 3515: 1747: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1461: 1303: 1283: 1109: 1014: 740: 727: 515: 434:

may help change the trend as Chinese become more aware of the game's internationalization.

252: 240: 203: 180: 170: 147: 2592: 1746:

Traditional sports with distinct Chinese characteristics are also very popular, including

8: 6042: 5887: 5781: 5776: 5746: 5704: 5627: 5590: 5510: 5495: 5324: 5285: 4992: 4606: 4510: 4261: 4063: 4003: 3978: 3893: 3873: 3823: 3793: 3783: 3282: 2574: 1841: 1825: 1817: 1235: 1202: 1096:. More and more young Chinese players are breaking onto the professional circuit such as 958: 752: 570: 537: 443: 403: 248: 228:

is one of the biggest amateur recreational sports with an estimated 200 million players.

86: 2904: 2660: 1263:, as well as the representing the volleyball sports in the All-China Sports Federation. 1186:

is regarded by many as one of the greatest table tennis players of all time, along with

5929: 5924: 5909: 5761: 5729: 5724: 5617: 5539: 5527: 5436: 5102: 5022: 5010: 4978: 4633: 4628: 4546: 4246: 4089: 3968: 3963: 3843: 3214: 3095: 3048: 2080: 1904: 1702: 1383: 1251:

Volleyball arrived in Asia in 1908 and was officially introduced to China in 1910. The

984: 942: 919: 839: 519: 2990: 2491: 1857: 1401:. Many sanda fighters have had great success at other disciplines of fighting such as 1351:

is promoted at every age and experience level. The CWA has had great influence on the

5988: 5980: 5694: 5561: 5532: 5490: 5419: 5376: 5334: 5201: 5141: 4913: 4850: 4712: 4493: 4463: 4289: 4118: 4033: 3983: 3938: 3918: 3908: 3808: 3218: 3206: 3129: 3099: 3087: 3052: 3040: 2994: 2978: 2958: 2084: 2001: 1987: 1973: 1959: 1945: 1931: 1646: 1545:

published its Anti-Doping Regulations, which have been in force since March 1, 2004.

1073: 930: 722: 614: 492:, there is a record number of around 300 million active basketball players in China. 379: 106: 1092:

who was once the number one ranked professional player and reached the final of the

786:

is the only player in badminton history to have won three consecutive titles at the

6106: 6099: 5998: 5993: 5919: 5847: 5766: 5681: 5671: 5642: 5578: 5573: 5407: 5381: 5366: 5251: 5229: 5213: 5119: 4568: 4558: 4398: 4191: 4176: 4168: 4008: 3923: 3903: 3788: 3778: 3198: 3121: 3079: 3032: 2986: 2713: 2098: 2070: 1970:

Footbinding, Feminism and Freedom: The Liberation of Women's Bodies in Modern China

1865: 1845: 1375: 1329: 1325:

in 1990 and regularly participated between 1992 and 1997, finishing sixth in 1996.

1148:). Three of the outdoor ovals were opened in 2012 (Fukang, Karamay, and Wangqing). 1050: 911: 851: 755:, they failed to score a single goal and lost three group matches. Conversely, the 618: 370:

In terms of licensed athletes, it is the second biggest winter sport in the world.

275: 52: 3202: 2178:"Overall Medal Standings - the official website of the BEIJING 2008 Olympic Games" 2075: 2058: 1108:, with Liang going on to reach the quarterfinals, where he faced a snooker legend 5714: 5709: 5632: 5583: 5544: 5208: 4790: 4596: 4483: 4053: 3988: 3953: 3888: 3868: 3858: 3818: 3803: 3798: 3249: 3155:"Can China's adorably awkward Olympic darling Fu Yuanhui turn fame into fortune?" 1984:

Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China

1914: 1681: 1481: 1394:

where wushu was a demonstration event at the 2008 and 2014 Olympic celebrations.

1366:. China has also been very successful at other IWUF-related events including the 1214: 1031: 929:

The first international motor race in mainland China was the 1994 edition of the

898:

two consecutive times (2014 and 2018). China has also sent national teams to the

531: 452: 48: 38: 3067: 630:

team to win a curling world championship by beating Sweden in the final. At the

6115: 6047: 5970: 5817: 5756: 5751: 5734: 5719: 5505: 4860: 4855: 4785: 4371: 4094: 4013: 3973: 3948: 3928: 3863: 3838: 3828: 3757: 3083: 3020: 2386: 2354: 2220: 1928:

Training the Body for China: Sports in the Moral Order of the People's Republic

1909: 1670: 1634: 859: 855: 686: 678: 626: 549: 470: 243:

drew the viewership of 30% of TV-owning households; the figure was 18% for the

162: 118: 3267: 3036: 2400: 2120: 2057:

Zheng, Jinming; Chen, Shushu; Tan, Tien-Chin; Lau, Patrick Wing Chung (2018).

1972:(Cass Series—Sport in the Global Society), Paperback Edition, Routledge 1997, 1785:

example, wrestling and horsemanship among Mongols, Uygurs and Kazaks; Tibetan

685:

Since the 1990s, China has been one of the top nations in the pairs events of

6135: 6080: 5827: 5661: 5500: 5302: 4623: 4611: 4453: 4314: 4112: 3933: 3898: 3853: 3848: 3210: 3091: 3044: 2842: 1837: 1755: 1642: 1626: 1439: 1406: 1345: 863: 830: 769: 507: 478: 70:. Before the 1980s, the country's international sports success was mainly in 56: 650:

won silver at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, as well as bronze at the

6120: 6005: 5877: 5842: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4428: 4423: 4413: 4331: 4326: 3113: 2758: 1942:

Women, Sport and Society in Modern China: Holding Up More Than Half the Sky

1873: 1853: 1734: 1650: 1630: 1614: 1477: 1465: 1435: 1431: 1195: 1191: 1170: 666: 271: 263: 210: 71: 67: 3125: 2245: 1362:, having won 232 medals, 218 of them gold, since the first competition in 473:

invented basketball in 1891 while working for the YMCA Training School in

5699: 4616: 4601: 4408: 4366: 4361: 4309: 4122: 3272: 2030: 1861: 1829: 1821: 1794: 1710: 1426:

Back in March 1959, at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships held in

1379: 1371: 1183: 1145: 1097: 1089: 1065: 1019: 994: 946: 843: 736: 699: 694: 674: 622: 511: 503: 431: 315: 195: 133: 129: 2287: 1038:, with the PLA Sports Institute participating in the highly competitive 5872: 4780: 4591: 4319: 3172: 2726: 2505:"James Naismith: Physical Education Instructor Who Invented Basketball" 2469:"The NBA is China's most popular sports league. Here's how it happened" 1869: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1446:

China elite teams maintain a year-round squad of some 20,000 athletes.

1410: 1307: 1187: 968: 923: 879: 396: 279: 256: 94: 90: 870:

golf course at Guanlan in Shenzhen is said to be the world's largest.

858:, played in the PRC. The most successful Chinese male golfer has been 5882: 5837: 4775: 4716: 2710:

Record 23 lacrosse teams to play at Men's Under-21 World Championship

1767: 1751: 1662: 1654: 1606: 1469: 1125: 1081: 1039: 998: 915: 765: 562: 462:

Basketball is the largest spectator sport in China. China hosted the

448: 295: 267: 229: 225: 166: 102: 98: 2883:"Rinks - China - In use - Track length 400 meter - SpeedSkatingNews" 554: 488:, basketball has become increasingly more popular. According to the 5957: 5950: 5263: 1804:

Xiangqi and weiqi were two of the five sports featured at the 2008

1473: 1219: 1141: 975:

World Championship race when he won the second of two races at the

690: 670: 496: 456: 392: 384: 125: 110: 2316: 2299: 677:

are considered by many critics of the sport to be one of the best

594:

still have an edge in experience over their Chinese counterparts.

4386: 4381: 4376: 4133: 2619:"China Ends Russian Winning Streak in Pairs With a One-Two Punch" 1833: 1771: 1763: 1739: 1689: 1638: 1618: 1610: 1602: 1589: 1584: 1427: 1137: 1085: 783: 609: 597: 353: 176: 151: 3726: 2267: 1460:

In July 2001, Beijing finally succeeded in its bid to bring the

6052: 2679:"INTERVIEW-Soccer-China game hampered by lack of base - author" 1778: 1759: 1598: 1398: 1133: 1129: 1061: 423: 331: 236: 207: 34: 4164: 1227: 1223: 847: 574: 427: 311: 221: 30: 3114:"Chapter V. The Period of Foreign Domination (1861 to 1918)" 1499:, China came fourth in the gold medals table, second at the 1355:, especially on how wushu is judged, managed, and promoted. 1084:, has long been a popular street recreation sport in China, 3242: 3234: 3120:, Columbia University Press, pp. 182–269, 1919-12-31, 2930: 2419:"Why baseball is a hit in Japan, but striking out in China" 2027:

How China's 1981 women's volleyballers 'inspired a billion'

1658: 1231: 835: 714: 341:

A picture of the team based in Harbin is available online.

262:

Even though Western observers tend to associate China with

217: 206:, was played in China during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC. 199: 3312: 2492:

The Official website of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup

779: 710: 2783:"6 Hours of Shanghai - a look back at the last two years" 2593:"China makes history – claims women's world curling gold" 1580: 1402: 1174:

the sport has triggered a series of rules changes in the

485: 47:

consists of a variety of competitive sports. Traditional

3257: 1706:

amateur sports schools to receive specialized training.

1386:, and others. China has also had great successes at the 314:

development programme by organising educational days in

1026:

in 1997 and is currently ranked 67th in the world. The

202:, a game similar but not related to the modern game of 1548: 2529:. Wharton University of Pennsylvania. 26 January 2011 2203:"ACL final attracts record TV viewers - China.org.cn" 3068:"Behind the Green Door of Intercollegiate Athletics" 2221:"Guide to discover the most popular sports in China" 2022: 2020: 2838:"Qing Hua Ma - Caterham Racing - F1 Driver Profile" 1566: 82:won the gold medal amid enormous public attention. 2373: 2371: 2063:International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2044:"Sports in China heavily influenced by Government" 1049:("Johnny Zhang"), who had a stint with the famous 318:in June 2009. They did not come as planned to the 66:Sports in China has long been associated with the 3191:The International Journal of the History of Sport 2810:"Remembering when… Ma made history on WTCC debut" 2246:"Group B - XXXV Чемпионат мира по хоккею с мячом" 2017: 6133: 3178:[Introduction to Taijiquan]. 2017-01-15. 1532:National Games of the People's Republic of China 862:. The most successful Chinese female golfer is 239:, the gold-medal women's volleyball game of the 2368: 2056: 926:races. Macau was transferred to China in 1999. 495:China's first professional team was started in 399:disbanded all the teams and outlawed baseball. 2527:"Beyond Yao: The Future of Chinese Basketball" 2347:"Bandy destined for the Olympic Winter Games!" 2116: 2114: 2112: 1334:2018–2020 AVC Beach Volleyball Continental Cup 406:ended, baseball activities restarted, and the 5800: 4149: 3742: 3298: 1557: 1310:, and 5th place in the 2008 Summer Olympics. 1068:is the first Chinese snooker player to win a 608:Although generally unheard of and unpopular, 536:Boxing in China first appeared in the 1920s. 300:Gold medalists at the BWF World Championships 1336:in both the women's and the men's sections. 395:MCA baseball club in 1905. However, in 1959 18:Sport in the People's Republic of China 2264:"2018 WORLD BANDY CHAMPIONSHIP MEN B-GROUP" 2109: 1956:Olympic Dreams: China and Sports, 1895-2008 1816:Since the 2010s, Chinese corporations like 1693:strengthen instruction at community level. 1588:standard. Building on what it already had, 1358:China is the most successful nation at the 1151: 4156: 4142: 3749: 3735: 3305: 3291: 2955:Sport, Revolution and the Beijing Olympics 2444:"Soccer Study: How the fans tick in China" 2379:"Chinese Baseball League - League History" 2156:"Yao-Yi matchup could set ratings records" 2148: 1276:FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship 1104:who both qualified for the last 32 of the 971:became the first Chinese driver to win an 3542:Skating (Figure, Speed & Short Track) 2661:"Soccer history. How Soccer Was Invented" 2074: 1879: 3278:USATODAY.com - China embraces basketball 2985:, The MIT Press, pp. 79–110, 2018, 2952: 2926:"Continental Cup Finals start in Africa" 2754:"The Chinese Grand Prix - did you know?" 1986:, University of California Press, 2004, 1900:List of multi-sport events held by China 1738:It is common for Chinese people to play 1733: 1218: 1169:) is the official name for the sport of 1060: 805: 778: 717:, an ancient form of football from China 709: 665: 648:China women's national field hockey team 553: 447: 2033:), 4 March 2021. Accessed 13 April 2021 1257:Fédération Internationale de Volleyball 577:when the men's team came second behind 282:, or ping pong during their free time. 14: 6134: 5091:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 3065: 2780: 2466: 2234:China on the way into the bandy family 1718:State General Administration of Sports 1416: 1268:China women's national volleyball team 1045:Notable Chinese rugby players include 658:and finished second in 2004 and 2006. 232:is also well established and popular. 76:1981 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup 4137: 3730: 3286: 3235:State General Administration of Sport 3188: 2716:), 30 May 2021. Accessed 9 June 2021. 2616: 2288:http://www.rusbandy.ru/pix/20715.jpeg 1998:Sport and Physical Education in China 1930:, University of Chicago Press, 1995, 1723: 1621:, supporting 101 counties and towns. 1176:International Table Tennis Federation 1080:Although pool or, more specifically, 1001:driver after making his debut at the 900:Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships 586:. However, even today countries like 484:Since Yao Ming's 2002 arrival in the 173:games in 2017 was 23,766 spectators. 3025:Journal of Asian and African Studies 2317:BANDY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP WOMEN ,2018 2121:Overview of NBA development in China 638:, defeating Switzerland in 10 ends. 569:China had a good result in the 2006 213:activities became popular in China. 29:This article is about sports in the 5787:Major Historical and Cultural Sites 2549:"Big Things Are Happening in China" 2494:, FIBA.com, Retrieved 9 March 2016. 1797:, and dragon-boat racing among the 1549:Mao’s policy that emphasizes sports 1392:2014 Nanjing Youth Wushu Tournament 540:is followed by some fans in China. 24: 4925: 4163: 3072:Journal of Sport and Social Issues 3018: 2815:FIA World Touring Car Championship 2136:. Greensboro.Com. 10 November 2007 2029:Peter Stebbings and Jessica Yang ( 1996:James Riordan, Robin Jones (ed.): 1958:, Harvard University Press, 2008, 1811: 1680:Between 1990 and 2002 the average 957:. The same circuit has hosted the 914:is held since 1954, known for its 422:. Defeats of the national team to 285: 25: 6158: 5082:Political Consultative Conference 3756: 3228: 2158:. ChinaDaily.Com. 9 November 2007 2059:"Sport Policy in China(Mainland)" 1525: 1328:China featured national teams in 1282:, captured the gold medal in the 1272:FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup 838:tournaments in China include the 661: 510:), and young CBA players such as 346:China women's national bandy team 336:Division B of the 2018 tournament 161:In 2017, a football match in the 113:'s entry into the United States' 5868:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty 5863:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty 4117: 4108: 4107: 3514: 3314:Sports governing bodies in China 3066:Wenner, Lawrence A. (May 1994). 2788:FIA World Endurance Championship 1770:(known as "Go" in the West) and 1567:National fitness post Maoist Era 1449: 1368:World Junior Wushu Championships 1115: 963:FIA World Endurance Championship 949:event that has been held at the 5858:Four Paragons of the Early Tang 5055:Political parties and movements 4419:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 4404:Northern and Southern dynasties 3182: 3165: 3147: 3106: 3059: 3012: 2991:10.7551/mitpress/11198.003.0006 2971: 2946: 2918: 2893: 2875: 2857: 2830: 2802: 2774: 2746: 2719: 2703: 2693: 2671: 2653: 2635: 2610: 2585: 2567: 2541: 2519: 2497: 2485: 2460: 2436: 2411: 2393: 2339: 2321: 2310: 2292: 2281: 2256: 2238: 2227: 2213: 1920: 1777:Taijiquan is a kind of Chinese 1696: 1122:six indoor speed skating arenas 1106:2008 World Snooker Championship 1094:2016 World Snooker Championship 905: 876:2007 National People's Congress 641: 4075:British Indian Ocean Territory 2781:Miller, Fiona (4 March 2014). 2195: 2170: 2126: 2091: 2050: 2036: 1742:, or Chinese Chess, in public. 1536: 1514: 1353:International Wushu Federation 1261:Asian Volleyball Confederation 1253:Chinese Volleyball Association 1008: 981:World Touring Car Championship 951:Shanghai International Circuit 654:. Also, the team won the 2002 490:Chinese Basketball Association 464:2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup 416:China National Baseball League 13: 1: 3203:10.1080/09523367.2015.1022720 2076:10.1080/19406940.2017.1413585 2011: 1793:; crossbow archery among the 1388:2008 Beijing Wushu Tournament 1290:, and finished second at the 1246: 1178:and as part of the Olympics. 652:2002 Women's Hockey World Cup 437: 410:formed in 1974. In 2002, the 328:2015 Bandy World Championship 105:. Professionalization led to 5160:Ministry of National Defense 4499:Chinese Communist Revolution 2732:Zhuhai International Circuit 2685:. 2008-06-23. Archived from 2617:Macur, Juliet (2010-02-16). 2467:Saiidi, Uptin (2018-11-20). 2401:"Aerzte-Verzeichnis Schweiz" 1762:(deep breathing exercises), 1296:2014 FIVB World Championship 977:2014 FIA WTCC Race of Russia 892:China national lacrosse team 733:Chinese Football Association 560:Women's World Chess Champion 418:. China participates in the 290: 158:from August 16 to 28, 2014. 7: 5823:Flowers of the Four Seasons 5808:Four Treasures of the Study 5427:Water supply and sanitation 5155:Central Military Commission 5150:Outline of military history 4900:Province-level subdivisions 3711:All-China Sports Federation 3656:Mountaineering and Climbing 3594:Other IOC-Recognised Sports 3273:NBA | Great Wall of Numbers 3243:All-China Sports Federation 1888: 1730:Traditional sports of China 1421: 979:, his debut meeting in the 896:World Lacrosse Championship 885: 705: 373: 10: 6163: 5096:Primary stage of socialism 5038:National People's Congress 4506:People's Republic of China 3263:Beijing 2008 Olympic Games 3118:The Foreign Trade of China 3084:10.1177/019372394018002001 1727: 1709:There are also many youth 1701:Schools have professional 1558:Gender Equality Maoist Era 1529: 1518: 1453: 1430:, the table-tennis player 1343: 1292:2013 FIVB World Grand Prix 1280:2003 FIVB World Grand Prix 1274:in 1981 and 1985, and the 1212: 1155: 1056: 1012: 828: 720: 603: 547: 529: 441: 408:China Baseball Association 377: 222:People's Republic of China 190: 156:2014 Summer Youth Olympics 31:People's Republic of China 28: 6093: 6061: 5979: 5900: 5680: 5486: 5477: 5435: 5395: 5237: 5228: 5140: 4991: 4921: 4912: 4875: 4846:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves 4801: 4735: 4644: 4582: 4554: 4545: 4474: 4352: 4300: 4260: 4184: 4175: 4103: 4062: 4022: 3764: 3716:Chinese Olympic Committee 3706: 3593: 3523: 3512: 3323: 3258:Chinese Olympic Committee 3037:10.1163/15685217-90007297 2887:www.speedskatingnews.info 2134:"Yao-Yi game draws crowd" 1360:World Wushu Championships 1317:has taken part in eleven 1226:is the first player from 1208: 1024:International Rugby Board 997:became the first Chinese 939:1994 BPR Global GT Series 811:China national bandy team 634:the women's team won the 632:2010 Winter Olympic Games 525: 324:China national bandy team 6021:Catholic Church in China 5165:People's Liberation Army 5132:One country, two systems 3824:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3174: 2953:Dong-Jhy, Hwang (2008). 2665:athleticscholarships.net 2597:World Curling Federation 2423:South China Morning Post 2099:"Funding Sports Success" 1521:China at the Asian Games 1339: 1255:represents China in the 1152:Table tennis (ping pong) 1036:People's Liberation Army 1030:has not qualified for a 543: 522:to a two-year contract. 305: 74:. This changed with the 6147:Sport in China by sport 5853:Four Pillars of Destiny 5638:Regional discrimination 5060:Chinese Communist Party 4085:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2647:goodmaniac.blogspot.com 1895:Chinese fitness dancing 1850:Wolverhampton Wanderers 1806:World Mind Sports Games 1791:Korean "seesaw jumping" 1323:Volleyball World League 1003:2022 Bahrain Grand Prix 989:2012 Italian Grand Prix 868:Mission Hills Golf Club 824: 819:2016 World Championship 656:Hockey Champions Trophy 414:was formed and in 2019 365:2019 Winter Universiade 320:2011 Asian Winter Games 274:, and various forms of 124:In September 2007, the 5606:Science and technology 5279:Special economic zones 4531:persecution of Uyghurs 4459:Century of humiliation 2333:translate.google.co.uk 1880:Sports industry stages 1743: 1239: 1077: 894:has qualified for the 850:on Hainan island, the 821: 803: 718: 682: 566: 459: 420:World Baseball Classic 259:are also shown on TV. 5813:Four Great Inventions 5197:People's Armed Police 3524:Winter Olympic Sports 3494:inc. Beach Volleyball 3343:Synchronized Swimming 3324:Summer Olympic Sports 3173:"Tàijí quán jiǎnjiè" 3126:10.7312/see-93484-006 2579:english.hanban.edu.cn 1737: 1456:China at the Olympics 1332:that competed at the 1222: 1158:Table tennis in China 1064: 935:Zhuhai Street Circuit 809: 782: 768:; in 2004, it hosted 757:women's national team 713: 669: 557: 451: 412:China Baseball League 5792:World Heritage Sites 5320:Foreign aid received 5028:Environmental policy 4826:Environmental policy 4821:Environmental issues 3999:United Arab Emirates 2979:"Mao's New Comrades" 2957:. Berg. p. 64. 2865:"IRB World Rankings" 1462:2008 Summer Olympics 1304:1984 Summer Olympics 1284:2004 Summer Olympics 1015:Rugby union in China 741:Chinese Super League 389:St. Johns University 241:2004 Summer Olympics 181:2022 Winter Olympics 179:was the host of the 171:Chinese Super League 148:2008 Summer Olympics 33:. For sports in the 6038:History of religion 6033:Freedom of religion 5888:Four Pests campaign 5833:Four Classic Novels 5445:Automotive industry 5325:Foreign aid program 5016:Pro-democratisation 4511:Cultural Revolution 4026:limited recognition 2123:at "ChinaWikipedia" 1944:, Routledge, 2002, 1842:City Football Group 1826:Fosun International 1818:China Media Capital 1507:, and first at the 1417:Competitive results 1319:World Championships 1315:men's national team 1288:2015 FIVB World Cup 1203:Ping-pong diplomacy 1072:tournament and the 959:6 Hours of Shanghai 788:World Championships 753:2002 FIFA World Cup 571:37th Chess Olympiad 538:Professional boxing 444:Basketball in China 404:Cultural Revolution 358:the 2018 tournament 249:2002 FIFA World Cup 237:CCTV Sports Channel 154:. China hosted the 5945:Population history 5925:Internal migration 5540:Harmonious Society 5415:Telecommunications 5372:Standard of living 5291:Online advertising 5043:Standing Committee 3248:2017-09-10 at the 2623:The New York Times 2351:www.worldbandy.com 2329:"Google Translate" 2000:, Routledge 1999, 1982:Andrew D. Morris: 1905:Sport in Hong Kong 1744: 1724:Traditional sports 1703:physical educators 1384:World Combat Games 1240: 1078: 985:HRT Formula 1 Team 943:Chinese Grand Prix 937:as a round of the 840:WGC-HSBC Champions 822: 804: 719: 683: 681:teams of all time. 567: 520:Los Angeles Lakers 460: 350:World Championship 196:Dragon boat racing 6129: 6128: 6089: 6088: 5896: 5895: 5473: 5472: 5460:Shipping industry 5224: 5223: 5190:Strategic Support 5065:General Secretary 5050:National security 5033:Foreign relations 4987: 4986: 4908: 4907: 4871: 4870: 4574:Natural disasters 4541: 4540: 4494:Chinese Civil War 4489:Republic of China 4464:Taiping Rebellion 4337:Spring and Autumn 4242:Foreign relations 4131: 4130: 4068:other territories 3724: 3723: 3693:Underwater sports 3653:Motorcycle racing 3427:Modern Pentathlon 3019:Li, Jian (1997). 2964:978-1-84520-100-5 2555:. 3 February 2012 1840:, and teams like 1808:held in Beijing. 1801:ethnic minority. 1766:(Chinese chess), 1110:Ronnie O'Sullivan 961:, a round of the 931:3 Hours of Zhuhai 762:Women's World Cup 723:Football in China 380:Baseball in China 107:commercialization 35:Republic of China 16:(Redirected from 6154: 6109: 6102: 5999:Tibetan Buddhism 5994:Chinese Buddhism 5848:Four Holy Beasts 5798: 5797: 5650:Social relations 5579:Standard Chinese 5574:Chinese language 5484: 5483: 5269:Economic history 5235: 5234: 5214:Maritime Militia 4923: 4922: 4919: 4918: 4890:Border crossings 4885:Baseline islands 4580: 4579: 4552: 4551: 4516:Tiananmen Square 4399:Sixteen Kingdoms 4207:Military history 4182: 4181: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4135: 4134: 4121: 4111: 4110: 4080:Christmas Island 3766:Sovereign states 3751: 3744: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3518: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3283: 3254: 3239: 3223: 3222: 3197:(8): 1085–1097. 3186: 3180: 3179: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3031:(1–2): 159–160. 3016: 3010: 3009: 3008: 3007: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2903:. Archived from 2897: 2891: 2890: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2723: 2717: 2714:Inside the Games 2707: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2689:on May 27, 2018. 2675: 2669: 2668: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2515:on July 9, 2012. 2511:. Archived from 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2454: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2430: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2385:. Archived from 2375: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2353:. Archived from 2343: 2337: 2336: 2325: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2304:www.usabandy.com 2296: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2266:. Archived from 2260: 2254: 2253: 2242: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2207:www.china.org.cn 2199: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2189: 2180:. Archived from 2174: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2107: 2106: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2078: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2040: 2034: 2024: 1926:Susan Brownell: 1866:SK Slavia Prague 1846:Aston Villa F.C. 1509:Beijing Olympics 1497:Atlanta Olympics 1376:East Asian Games 1330:beach volleyball 1313:Since 1956, the 1306:in Los Angeles, 1168: 1051:Leicester Tigers 912:Macau Grand Prix 852:Volvo China Open 310:China started a 245:China vs. Brazil 144:gold medal count 87:professionalized 53:physical fitness 21: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6085: 6057: 5975: 5935:Life expectancy 5892: 5796: 5676: 5596:Public holidays 5584:Written Chinese 5569:Intellectualism 5521:Sex trafficking 5469: 5431: 5391: 5220: 5136: 4983: 4974:Nationality law 4957:Law enforcement 4935:Judicial system 4904: 4867: 4841:Nature reserves 4831:Protected areas 4797: 4768:Water resources 4731: 4640: 4578: 4537: 4521:Economic reform 4484:1911 Revolution 4470: 4434:Jin (1115–1234) 4348: 4296: 4256: 4171: 4162: 4132: 4127: 4099: 4067: 4058: 4039:Northern Cyprus 4025: 4018: 3760: 3755: 3725: 3720: 3702: 3616:Billiard Sports 3589: 3575:Nordic Combined 3519: 3510: 3319: 3311: 3252: 3250:Wayback Machine 3237: 3231: 3226: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3064: 3060: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2910: 2908: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2779: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2694: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2627: 2625: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2461: 2452: 2450: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2405:www.baseball.ch 2399: 2398: 2394: 2383:news.cbl.org.cn 2377: 2376: 2369: 2360: 2358: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2282: 2273: 2271: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2223:. 9 March 2020. 2219: 2218: 2214: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2187: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2110: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2055: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2025: 2018: 2014: 1923: 1915:Sport in Taiwan 1891: 1882: 1858:Atlético Madrid 1814: 1812:Sports business 1732: 1726: 1699: 1682:life expectancy 1569: 1560: 1551: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1523: 1517: 1505:London Olympics 1482:track-and-field 1472:Olympics" and " 1458: 1452: 1424: 1419: 1348: 1342: 1249: 1217: 1215:Tennis in China 1211: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1118: 1059: 1017: 1011: 908: 888: 833: 827: 725: 708: 664: 644: 606: 552: 546: 534: 532:Boxing in China 528: 453:Houston Rockets 446: 440: 382: 376: 352:debut in 2016. 326:debuted in the 308: 293: 288: 286:Types of sports 193: 49:Chinese culture 45:Sports in China 42: 39:Sport in Taiwan 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6160: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6142:Sport in China 6127: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6110: 6103: 6095: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6013: 6008: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5985: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5954: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5818:Four Gentlemen 5815: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5801:Fours of China 5795: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5450:Civil aviation 5447: 5441: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5423: 5422: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5399: 5397: 5396:Infrastructure 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5350:Semiconductors 5347: 5342: 5332: 5330:Historical GDP 5327: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5108:Vice President 5100: 5099: 5098: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5084: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5052: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4836:National parks 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4816:Climate policy 4813: 4811:Climate change 4807: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4717:Central Plains 4706: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4564:Extreme points 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4372:Three Kingdoms 4369: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4342:Warring States 4339: 4334: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4272: 4266: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4202:Historiography 4199: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4161: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4138: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4115: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4028: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3770: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3731: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3550: 3549: 3547:Figure Skating 3539: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3462:Sport climbing 3460: 3455: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3437: 3432: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3240: 3230: 3229:External links 3227: 3225: 3224: 3181: 3164: 3146: 3134: 3105: 3078:(2): 107–109. 3058: 3011: 2999: 2970: 2963: 2945: 2934:. 22 June 2021 2917: 2892: 2874: 2856: 2829: 2801: 2773: 2762:. 8 April 2015 2745: 2718: 2702: 2692: 2670: 2667:. 9 June 2010. 2652: 2649:. 10 May 2014. 2634: 2609: 2584: 2566: 2540: 2518: 2496: 2484: 2459: 2435: 2410: 2392: 2389:on 2005-06-09. 2367: 2338: 2320: 2309: 2300:"SportsEngine" 2291: 2280: 2255: 2250:bandyvm2015.ru 2237: 2226: 2212: 2194: 2169: 2147: 2125: 2108: 2090: 2069:(3): 469–491. 2049: 2035: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2008: 1994: 1980: 1966: 1952: 1938: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1910:Sport in Macau 1907: 1902: 1897: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1838:MP & Silva 1813: 1810: 1728:Main article: 1725: 1722: 1698: 1695: 1671:Inner Mongolia 1647:women's boxing 1635:bungee jumping 1617:region of the 1568: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1538: 1535: 1530:Main article: 1527: 1526:National Games 1524: 1519:Main article: 1516: 1513: 1454:Main article: 1451: 1448: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1374:, the defunct 1344:Main article: 1341: 1338: 1286:, claimed the 1248: 1245: 1213:Main article: 1210: 1207: 1156:Main article: 1153: 1150: 1117: 1114: 1058: 1055: 1047:Zhang Zhiqiang 1013:Main article: 1010: 1007: 965:, since 2012. 933:, held at the 907: 904: 887: 884: 860:Zhang Lian-wei 856:BMW Asian Open 829:Main article: 826: 823: 721:Main article: 707: 704: 687:figure skating 663: 662:Figure skating 660: 643: 640: 627:Yue Qingshuang 605: 602: 550:Chess in China 548:Main article: 545: 542: 530:Main article: 527: 524: 471:James Naismith 442:Main article: 439: 436: 378:Main article: 375: 372: 307: 304: 292: 289: 287: 284: 192: 189: 163:Tianhe Stadium 142:China led the 136:reported that 89:, followed by 61:National Games 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6159: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6026:Protestantism 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6011:Folk religion 6009: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5915:Ethnic groups 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5828:Four Beauties 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5667:Urban society 5665: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5623:Social issues 5621: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5601:Rural society 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5501:Chinese Dream 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5465:Space program 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5115:State Council 5113: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 5001:Civil service 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4607:South Central 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4394:Jin (266–420) 4392: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4237:Ethnic groups 4235: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4147: 4145: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4049:South Ossetia 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3758:Sport in Asia 3752: 3747: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3729: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3572:Cross Country 3571: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3501:Weightlifting 3499: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431:Roller sports 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3168: 3161:. 2016-08-11. 3160: 3156: 3150: 3137: 3135:9780231893930 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3015: 3002: 3000:9780262346108 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2921: 2907:on 2010-07-06 2906: 2902: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2845: 2844: 2843:BT Sport ESPN 2839: 2833: 2818:. 2 June 2015 2817: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2777: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2749: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2575:"孔子学院总部/国家汉办" 2570: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2528: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2500: 2493: 2488: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2357:on 2018-10-17 2356: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2284: 2270:on 2019-05-15 2269: 2265: 2259: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2230: 2222: 2216: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2184:on 2009-08-02 2183: 2179: 2173: 2157: 2151: 2135: 2129: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2053: 2045: 2039: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2016: 2007: 2006:0-419-22030-5 2003: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1992:0-520-24084-7 1989: 1985: 1981: 1979: 1978:0-7146-4334-3 1975: 1971: 1967: 1965: 1964:0-674-02840-6 1961: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1950:0-7146-8214-4 1947: 1943: 1940:Dong Jinxia: 1939: 1937: 1936:0-226-07647-4 1933: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1756:shadow boxing 1753: 1749: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1707: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1686: 1683: 1678: 1677:keeping fit. 1674: 1672: 1668: 1667:A'er Mountain 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643:skateboarding 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627:rock climbing 1622: 1620: 1619:Yangtze River 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1573:State Council 1564: 1555: 1546: 1544: 1543:State Council 1541:In 2004, the 1533: 1522: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1457: 1450:Olympic Games 1447: 1443: 1441: 1440:2008 Olympics 1437: 1436:world records 1433: 1429: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1407:Shootfighting 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1347: 1346:wushu (sport) 1337: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1244: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1206: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1164: 1159: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1116:Speed skating 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1028:national team 1025: 1021: 1016: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 903: 901: 897: 893: 883: 881: 877: 871: 869: 865: 864:Feng Shanshan 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 842:in Shanghai, 841: 837: 832: 831:Golf in China 820: 816: 812: 808: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 771: 770:AFC Asian Cup 767: 763: 758: 754: 749: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 724: 716: 712: 703: 701: 696: 692: 688: 680: 676: 672: 668: 659: 657: 653: 649: 639: 637: 633: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 601: 599: 595: 593: 589: 585: 580: 576: 572: 564: 561: 556: 551: 541: 539: 533: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 508:Mengke Bateer 505: 500: 498: 493: 491: 487: 482: 480: 479:Massachusetts 476: 472: 467: 465: 458: 454: 450: 445: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 381: 371: 368: 366: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 303: 301: 297: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 260: 258: 254: 250: 247:match in the 246: 242: 238: 235:According to 233: 231: 227: 223: 219: 214: 212: 209: 205: 201: 197: 188: 184: 182: 178: 174: 172: 168: 164: 159: 157: 153: 149: 145: 140: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 83: 81: 77: 73: 69: 64: 62: 58: 57:Olympic Games 54: 50: 46: 40: 36: 32: 27: 19: 6016:Christianity 6006:Confucianism 5966:Urbanization 5902:Demographics 5878:Gang of Four 5843:Four Symbols 5771: 5742:Martial arts 5516:Prostitution 5403:Architecture 5257:Central bank 5125:Vice Premier 5077:United front 5006:Constitution 4962:Penal system 4940:Human rights 4877:Subdivisions 4715: / 4711: / 4634:Southwestern 4629:Northwestern 4332:Western Zhou 4280:Yellow River 4230:1949–present 4064:Dependencies 3994:Turkmenistan 3959:Saudi Arabia 3813: 3671:Powerboating 3665:Pelota Vasca 3662:Orienteering 3586:Snowboarding 3469:Table Tennis 3397:Field Hockey 3316: 3313: 3268:NBA in China 3253:(in Chinese) 3238:(in Chinese) 3194: 3190: 3184: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3139:, retrieved 3117: 3108: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3004:, retrieved 2982: 2973: 2954: 2948: 2936:. Retrieved 2929: 2920: 2909:. Retrieved 2905:the original 2901:"I T T F Wr" 2895: 2886: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2847:. Retrieved 2841: 2832: 2820:. Retrieved 2813: 2804: 2792:. Retrieved 2786: 2776: 2764:. Retrieved 2759:formula1.com 2757: 2748: 2736:. Retrieved 2730: 2721: 2712:Ali Iveson ( 2705: 2695: 2687:the original 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2626:. Retrieved 2622: 2612: 2600:. Retrieved 2596: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2557:. Retrieved 2552: 2543: 2531:. Retrieved 2521: 2513:the original 2508: 2499: 2487: 2476:. Retrieved 2472: 2462: 2451:. Retrieved 2448:www.ispo.com 2447: 2438: 2427:. Retrieved 2425:. 2018-09-09 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2387:the original 2382: 2359:. Retrieved 2355:the original 2350: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2283: 2272:. Retrieved 2268:the original 2258: 2249: 2240: 2229: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2186:. Retrieved 2182:the original 2172: 2160:. Retrieved 2150: 2138:. Retrieved 2128: 2102: 2093: 2066: 2062: 2052: 2038: 1997: 1983: 1969: 1955: 1941: 1927: 1921:Bibliography 1883: 1874:ADO Den Haag 1854:RCD Espanyol 1815: 1803: 1783: 1776: 1748:martial arts 1745: 1715: 1711:sports clubs 1708: 1700: 1697:Youth sports 1687: 1679: 1675: 1651:shuffleboard 1631:horsemanship 1623: 1615:Three Gorges 1595: 1578: 1570: 1561: 1552: 1540: 1486: 1478:architecture 1468:Olympics", " 1459: 1444: 1432:Rong Guotuan 1425: 1396: 1357: 1349: 1327: 1312: 1300: 1265: 1250: 1241: 1200: 1196:Kong Linghui 1192:Liu Guoliang 1171:table tennis 1162: 1161: 1119: 1079: 1044: 1018: 993: 967: 928: 909: 906:Motor racing 889: 872: 834: 774: 750: 744: 726: 684: 679:pair skating 645: 642:Field hockey 636:bronze medal 607: 596: 568: 535: 501: 494: 483: 468: 461: 401: 383: 369: 362: 343: 340: 309: 294: 272:martial arts 264:table tennis 261: 234: 215: 211:martial arts 194: 185: 175: 160: 146:(48) at the 141: 137: 123: 84: 80:Chinese team 72:table tennis 68:martial arts 65: 44: 43: 26: 5782:Variety art 5777:Tea culture 5705:Calligraphy 5690:Archaeology 5550:Food safety 5345:Gold mining 5247:Aquaculture 5242:Agriculture 5202:Coast Guard 4969:Naming laws 4803:Environment 4791:South China 4270:Paleolithic 4262:Prehistoric 4220:before 1912 4123:Asia portal 4024:States with 3944:Philippines 3884:South Korea 3879:North Korea 3774:Afghanistan 3674:Racquetball 3638:Dance sport 3603:Auto racing 2031:Yahoo! News 1862:Inter Milan 1830:Wanda Group 1822:CITIC Group 1537:Anti-doping 1515:Asian Games 1489:Los Angeles 1380:World Games 1372:Asian Games 1184:Deng Yaping 1098:Liang Wenbo 1090:Ding Junhui 1066:Ding Junhui 1020:Rugby union 1009:Rugby union 995:Zhou Guanyu 947:Formula One 920:touring car 844:TCL Classic 737:Chen Xuyuan 700:ice dancing 695:Zhao Hongbo 675:Zhao Hongbo 623:Wang Bingyu 512:Yi Jianlian 504:Wang Zhizhi 475:Springfield 432:South Korea 322:. However, 134:China Daily 130:Yi Jianlian 59:called the 6136:Categories 6043:Irreligion 5940:Statistics 5910:Emigration 5873:Four Wangs 5762:Philosophy 5747:Mass media 5730:Literature 5628:Patriarchy 5591:Propaganda 5511:Corruption 5496:Censorship 5286:E-commerce 4993:Government 4786:East China 4758:Waterfalls 4704:Peninsulas 4672:Grasslands 4004:Uzbekistan 3979:Tajikistan 3894:Kyrgyzstan 3874:Kazakhstan 3794:Bangladesh 3784:Azerbaijan 3690:Tug of war 3650:Lifesaving 3600:Air sports 3554:Ice Hockey 3489:Volleyball 3412:Gymnastics 3387:Equestrian 3367:Basketball 3346:Water Polo 3141:2022-05-05 3006:2022-05-05 2983:Global Gay 2911:2010-07-06 2628:2010-05-23 2559:22 January 2533:22 January 2478:2021-09-29 2453:2021-09-29 2429:2019-10-25 2361:2017-01-04 2274:2018-01-17 2188:2009-08-05 2162:22 January 2140:22 January 2012:References 1968:Hong Fan: 1954:Guoqi Xu: 1870:FC Sochaux 1787:yak racing 1688:In cities 1665:course in 1581:gymnasiums 1474:Humanistic 1411:Kickboxing 1308:California 1247:Volleyball 1236:Grand Slam 1188:Zhang Jike 1120:There are 1102:Liu Chuang 969:Ma Qinghua 924:superbikes 880:Wen Jiabao 455:superstar 438:Basketball 402:After the 397:Mao Zedong 280:hacky sack 257:basketball 119:2002 draft 95:volleyball 91:basketball 78:where the 5930:Languages 5883:Four Olds 5838:Four arts 5725:Libraries 5655:Structure 5618:Sexuality 5555:incidents 5528:Education 5437:Transport 5313:Renewable 5308:Petroleum 5103:President 5070:Politburo 5023:Elections 5011:Democracy 4979:Terrorism 4727:Volcanoes 4709:Northeast 4687:Mountains 4597:Northeast 4547:Geography 4454:High Qing 4275:Neolithic 4247:Dynasties 4225:1912–1949 4216:Economic 4185:Overviews 4090:Hong Kong 4044:Palestine 3969:Sri Lanka 3964:Singapore 3844:Indonesia 3696:Water Ski 3641:Floorball 3578:Freestyle 3533:Bobsleigh 3506:Wrestling 3484:Triathlon 3474:Taekwondo 3362:Badminton 3357:Athletics 3330:Aquatics 3219:153334063 3211:0952-3367 3100:143988685 3092:0193-7235 3053:143712496 3045:0021-9096 2727:"History" 2602:15 August 2509:about.com 2103:The Cable 2085:158989137 1752:taijiquan 1663:snow golf 1655:taekwondo 1607:Changchun 1493:Barcelona 1470:high-tech 1234:to win a 1163:Ping pong 1126:Changchun 1082:billiards 1042:leagues. 1040:Hong Kong 1032:world cup 999:Formula 1 916:Formula 3 766:Guangzhou 563:Hou Yifan 348:made its 296:Badminton 291:Badminton 268:badminton 230:Badminton 226:Ping pong 167:Guangzhou 99:ping pong 6116:Category 5989:Buddhism 5981:Religion 5958:Post-90s 5951:Post-80s 5695:Archives 5562:HIV/AIDS 5533:Literacy 5491:Abortion 5420:Internet 5377:Taxation 5360:Textiles 5340:Chemical 5335:Industry 5264:Currency 5142:Military 4950:in Tibet 4914:Politics 4851:Wildlife 4763:Wetlands 4526:COVID-19 4354:Imperial 4252:Monarchs 4212:Language 4197:Timeline 4169:articles 4113:Category 4034:Abkhazia 3984:Thailand 3939:Pakistan 3919:Mongolia 3914:Maldives 3909:Malaysia 3809:Cambodia 3678:Softball 3647:Korfball 3612:Baseball 3561:Skeleton 3530:Biathlon 3458:Shooting 3417:Handball 3402:Football 3377:Canoeing 3339:Swimming 3246:Archived 3159:scmp.com 2938:7 August 1889:See also 1585:stadiums 1484:events. 1422:Overview 1294:and the 1259:and the 1142:Shenyang 886:Lacrosse 854:and the 728:Football 706:Football 691:Shen Xue 671:Shen Xue 615:Zhou Yan 497:Shenyang 457:Yao Ming 393:Shanghai 391:and the 385:Baseball 374:Baseball 253:Football 204:football 126:Yao Ming 111:Yao Ming 51:regards 6100:Outline 6063:Symbols 5920:Eunuchs 5767:Smoking 5715:Cuisine 5682:Culture 5672:Welfare 5643:Suicide 5611:history 5479:Society 5408:Housing 5382:Tourism 5367:Poverty 5252:Banking 5230:Economy 5209:Militia 5120:Premier 4722:Valleys 4682:Islands 4667:Deserts 4657:Canyons 4645:Terrain 4624:Western 4612:Central 4584:Regions 4569:Geology 4559:Borders 4302:Ancient 4285:Yangtze 4192:History 4177:History 4009:Vietnam 3924:Myanmar 3904:Lebanon 3834:Georgia 3789:Bahrain 3779:Armenia 3659:Netball 3634:Cricket 3622:Bowling 3581:Jumping 3537:Curling 3465:Surfing 3453:Sailing 3392:Fencing 3382:Cycling 3352:Archery 2869:irb.com 2849:12 July 2822:12 July 2794:12 July 2766:12 July 2738:12 July 2683:Reuters 2553:Nba.Com 1834:Infront 1772:Mahjong 1764:xiangqi 1740:xiangqi 1690:obesity 1639:bowling 1611:lottery 1603:Beijing 1590:Tianjin 1428:Germany 1180:Ma Long 1138:Qiqihar 1086:snooker 1074:Masters 1070:ranking 1057:Snooker 987:at the 817:at the 815:Ukraine 784:Lin Dan 619:Liu Yin 610:curling 604:Curling 598:Xiangqi 579:Armenia 558:Former 516:Sun Yue 356:hosted 354:Chengde 334:hosted 191:History 177:Beijing 152:Beijing 117:in the 6121:Portal 6076:Emblem 6071:Anthem 6053:Taoism 5735:Poetry 5710:Cinema 5633:Racism 5545:Health 5298:Energy 5274:Reform 5185:Rocket 5170:Ground 4895:Cities 4781:Yellow 4753:Rivers 4743:Canals 4697:passes 4692:ranges 4476:Modern 4167: 4054:Taiwan 3989:Turkey 3954:Russia 3889:Kuwait 3869:Jordan 3859:Israel 3819:Cyprus 3804:Brunei 3799:Bhutan 3683:Squash 3644:Karate 3625:Bridge 3619:Boules 3569:Alpine 3565:Skiing 3479:Tennis 3447:League 3435:Rowing 3372:Boxing 3334:Diving 3217: 3209: 3132: 3098: 3090: 3051: 3043: 2997: 2961: 2083: 2004: 1990: 1976: 1962: 1948: 1934: 1779:boxing 1760:qigong 1657:, and 1599:Dalian 1503:& 1501:Athens 1409:, and 1399:Jet Li 1238:title. 1209:Tennis 1194:, and 1146:Ürümqi 1134:Harbin 1130:Daqing 953:since 941:. The 866:. The 625:, and 592:Israel 588:Russia 584:Russia 565:(2007) 526:Boxing 430:, and 424:Taiwan 332:Harbin 316:Ürümqi 208:Qigong 101:, and 37:, see 6107:Index 6048:Islam 5971:Women 5772:Sport 5757:Names 5752:Music 5720:Dance 5506:Crime 5387:Trade 5355:Steel 4861:Flora 4856:Fauna 4776:Bohai 4772:Seas 4748:Lakes 4736:Water 4713:North 4677:Hills 4662:Caves 4617:South 4602:North 4315:Shang 4165:China 4095:Macau 4014:Yemen 3974:Syria 3949:Qatar 3929:Nepal 3864:Japan 3839:India 3829:Egypt 3814:China 3699:Wushu 3629:Chess 3607:Bandy 3444:Union 3440:Rugby 3317:(CHN) 3215:S2CID 3175:太极拳简介 3096:S2CID 3049:S2CID 2081:S2CID 1768:weiqi 1466:Green 1340:Wushu 1228:China 1224:Li Na 945:is a 848:Sanya 813:with 575:Turin 544:Chess 428:Japan 312:bandy 306:Bandy 103:weiqi 6081:Flag 5662:Time 5455:Rail 5303:Coal 5175:Navy 4945:LGBT 4652:Bays 4592:East 4449:Qing 4444:Ming 4439:Yuan 4429:Song 4424:Liao 4414:Tang 4327:Zhou 4320:Late 4290:Liao 3934:Oman 3899:Laos 3854:Iraq 3849:Iran 3687:Sumo 3668:Polo 3558:Luge 3422:Judo 3407:Golf 3207:ISSN 3130:ISBN 3088:ISSN 3041:ISSN 2995:ISBN 2959:ISBN 2940:2021 2931:FIVB 2851:2015 2824:2015 2796:2015 2768:2015 2740:2015 2604:2023 2561:2016 2535:2016 2473:CNBC 2164:2016 2142:2016 2002:ISBN 1988:ISBN 1974:ISBN 1960:ISBN 1946:ISBN 1932:ISBN 1872:and 1836:and 1828:and 1795:Miao 1659:golf 1605:and 1583:and 1495:and 1390:and 1364:1991 1266:The 1232:Asia 1230:and 1144:and 1100:and 955:2004 922:and 910:The 890:The 836:Golf 825:Golf 800:2009 798:and 796:2007 792:2006 715:Cuju 693:and 673:and 646:The 590:and 514:and 506:and 344:The 276:pool 255:and 218:YMCA 200:Cuju 128:and 5700:Art 5180:Air 4927:Law 4409:Sui 4382:Han 4377:Wei 4367:Han 4362:Qin 4310:Xia 4066:and 3199:doi 3122:doi 3080:doi 3033:doi 2987:doi 2071:doi 1799:Dai 1758:), 1403:MMA 973:FIA 846:in 764:in 745:Jia 702:). 573:in 486:NBA 165:in 150:in 115:NBA 6138:: 4387:Wu 3213:. 3205:. 3195:32 3193:. 3157:. 3128:, 3116:, 3094:. 3086:. 3076:18 3074:. 3070:. 3047:. 3039:. 3029:32 3027:. 3023:. 2993:, 2981:, 2928:. 2885:. 2867:. 2840:. 2812:. 2785:. 2756:. 2729:. 2681:. 2663:. 2645:. 2621:. 2595:. 2577:. 2551:. 2507:. 2471:. 2446:. 2421:. 2403:. 2381:. 2370:^ 2349:. 2331:. 2302:. 2248:. 2205:. 2111:^ 2101:. 2079:. 2067:10 2065:. 2061:. 2019:^ 1876:. 1868:, 1864:, 1860:, 1856:, 1852:, 1848:, 1844:, 1824:, 1820:, 1789:; 1774:. 1750:, 1669:, 1653:, 1649:, 1645:, 1641:, 1637:, 1633:, 1629:, 1601:, 1511:. 1491:, 1413:. 1405:, 1382:, 1378:, 1298:. 1198:. 1190:, 1167:乒乓 1140:, 1136:, 1132:, 1128:, 1005:. 991:. 918:, 902:. 802:). 794:, 772:. 689:. 621:, 617:, 481:. 477:, 466:. 426:, 367:. 360:. 338:. 330:. 270:, 266:, 251:. 183:. 121:. 97:, 93:, 63:. 5960:" 5956:" 5953:" 5949:" 4157:e 4150:t 4143:v 3750:e 3743:t 3736:v 3306:e 3299:t 3292:v 3221:. 3201:: 3124:: 3102:. 3082:: 3055:. 3035:: 2989:: 2967:. 2942:. 2914:. 2889:. 2871:. 2853:. 2826:. 2798:. 2770:. 2742:. 2631:. 2606:. 2581:. 2563:. 2537:. 2481:. 2456:. 2432:. 2407:. 2364:. 2335:. 2306:. 2277:. 2252:. 2209:. 2191:. 2166:. 2144:. 2105:. 2087:. 2073:: 2046:. 1754:( 1165:( 1124:( 1076:. 790:( 41:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.