29:
47:
717:
Revised version. Consultancy
Services Report prepared by Green, M.J.B. (ed.), De Alwis, S.M.D.A.U., Dayawansa, P.N., How, R., Singhakumara, B.M.P., Weerakoon, D., Wijesinghe, M.R. and Yapa, W.B. Infotech IDEAS in association with GREENTECH Consultants. Sri Lanka Protected Areas Management and
447:
The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are made up mostly of evergreen trees, which distinguish them from the deciduous trees that characterize most other tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. The dry-zone dry evergreen forests most closely resemble the
811:
Fernando, Prithiviraj & Jayewardene, Jayantha & Prasad, Tharaka & Hendavitharana, W. & Pastorini, Jennifer. (2011). Current Status of Asian
Elephants in Sri Lanka. Gajah. 35. 93-103. 10.5167/uzh-59037.
820:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
652:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
898:
881:
1020:
1000:
801:
408:, which is a common river forest tree, makes up only a fifth, but still holds the place as the second most common tree. other common vegetation in descending order are
1145:
1155:
1309:
718:
Wildlife
Conservation Project (PAM&WCP/CONSULT/02/BDBS), Department of Wildlife Conservation, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Colombo. 46 pp.
416:
410:
1150:
1175:
1165:
1140:
1135:
304:
is a submontane savanna and grassland plant community, located on the eastern and southeastern slopes of the
Central Highlands. Characteristic trees are
1294:
851:
164:
79:
731:
1160:
278:. In mature forests, the trees form a canopy of 13–20 meters, with sub-canopy and shrub layers. In areas of scrub and regenerating forest,
891:
396:
recently discovered unique dry canal-associated evergreen forest grow near the ancient canals of the
Polonnaruwa kingdom, dominated by
1254:
1237:
1081:
1099:
844:
362:
is a lowland grassland plant community of northeastern Sri Lanka's river floodplains. The dominant grasses are species of
1249:
1170:
796:
Borham, Maneshka (2018). "Relocating wet zone elephants to dry zone centre: Gentle giants destined to leave
Sinharaja?".
1200:
449:
1299:
1114:
1304:
1212:
1025:
837:
529:
1232:
1227:
1010:
926:
192:
188:
184:
179:
The ecoregion covers an area of 48,400 square kilometers (18,700 sq mi), about 75%, of the island of
102:
97:
868:
140:
222:
The ecoregion receives 1500–2000 mm of rainfall annually. Most rain falls during the
December-to-March
1244:
995:
990:
480:
28:
1122:
1015:
946:
559:
535:
1217:
1205:
1127:
1005:
614:
511:
499:
487:
200:
92:
571:
284:
1187:
547:
541:
936:
931:
589:
583:
577:
553:
422:
1094:
1089:
860:
595:
517:
439:
1261:
1195:
505:
493:
314:
294:
244:
37:
908:
876:
523:
328:
310:
8:
461:
352:
334:
274:
62:
33:
1271:
1266:
601:
428:
306:
240:
921:
779:
404:
346:
280:
250:
223:
67:
1041:
769:
398:
318:
256:
196:
758:"A new forest vegetation type in Sri Lanka: Dry Canal-associated Evergreen Forest"
696:
678:
627:
1104:
264:
260:
1051:
969:
954:
468:
322:
288:
1288:
1046:
783:
732:"Ancient Sri Lankans built canals. Their legacy today? A new type of forest"
460:
The dry-zone dry evergreen forests are home to most of the Sri Lanka's 6000
1061:
974:
916:
774:
757:
344:
spp. Tall perennial grasses are the predominant ground vegetation, chiefly
206:
The topography is generally low, and the landscape is dotted with isolated
1071:
959:
829:
822:
654:
368:
364:
207:
180:
168:
128:
1066:
565:
390:
386:
378:
340:
268:
238:
Mixed dry evergreen forest is the most widespread plant community.
211:
46:
372:
964:
385:
unique short-stature forests grow in the highest elevations of
715:
Biodiversity
Baseline Survey: Ritigala Strict Natural Reserve.
1056:
183:, with the exception of the islands' southwestern corner and
74:
298:
are typical. Acacia thorn scrub grows in disturbed areas.
214:(766 meters), which lies north of the Central Highlands.
226:season, and it is mostly dry the rest of the year.
526:(Yala East) (181.5 km (70.1 sq mi))
1286:
604:(Ruhuna) (978.8 km (377.9 sq mi))
479:17,736 km, or 37%, of the ecoregion is in
1310:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
80:tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
845:
666:IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas
443:suggests origin of a now nonexistent savanna.
402:which represents half of the vegetation, and
234:The ecoregion has several plant communities.
713:Department of Wildife Conservation (2008).
195:ecoregions, respectively, and the northern
859:
852:
838:
755:
697:"Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests"
679:"Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests"
628:"Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests"
1238:Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams
773:
598:(1,316.7 km (508.4 sq mi))
1295:Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
467:, the island's indigenous subspecies of
161:Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
22:Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
756:Jayasuriya, A. H. Magdon (2019-12-10).
592:(370.6 km (143.1 sq mi))
580:(308.2 km (119.0 sq mi))
574:(376.5 km (145.4 sq mi))
550:(588.5 km (227.2 sq mi))
508:(259.0 km (100.0 sq mi))
120:47,759 km (18,440 sq mi)
1287:
544:(163.7 km (63.2 sq mi))
538:(235.0 km (90.7 sq mi))
502:(173.5 km (67.0 sq mi))
833:
556:(88.9 km (34.3 sq mi))
520:(69.0 km (26.6 sq mi))
496:(62.2 km (24.0 sq mi))
490:(75.3 km (29.1 sq mi))
210:. The highest of these inselbergs is
800:, 3 June 2018. Accessed 2 May 2020.
726:
724:
664:Green, Michael John Beverly (1990).
568:(15.3 km (5.9 sq mi))
532:(15.5 km (6.0 sq mi))
514:(25.7 km (9.9 sq mi))
433:The presence of savanna plants like
586:(3.5 km (1.3 sq mi))
562:(4.7 km (1.8 sq mi))
13:
474:
14:
1321:
1100:Divisional Secretariats Divisions
721:
620:
450:East Deccan dry evergreen forests
332:, and the characteristic shrubs
45:
27:
814:
530:Lahugala Kitulana National Park
254:are characteristic trees, with
51:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
1223:dry-zone dry evergreen forests
805:
790:
749:
707:
689:
671:
658:
646:
566:Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve
193:Sri Lanka montane rain forests
189:Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
103:Sri Lanka montane rain forests
98:Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
1:
639:
165:tropical dry broadleaf forest
452:of India's southeast coast.
174:
7:
736:Mongabay Environmental News
608:
560:Pigeon Island National Park
536:Lunugamvehera National Park
483:. Protected areas include:
167:ecoregion of the island of
10:
1326:
1218:Deccan thorn scrub forests
615:Deforestation in Sri Lanka
512:Horowpathana National Park
500:Flood Plains National Park
488:Angammedilla National Park
389:, and are home to several
217:
201:Deccan thorn scrub forests
93:Deccan thorn scrub forests
1186:
1113:
1105:Grama Niladhari Divisions
1080:
1034:
983:
945:
907:
867:
762:Ceylon Journal of Science
572:Somawathiya National Park
465:(Elephas maximus maximus)
285:Pterospermum suberifolium
149:
139:
134:
124:
116:
111:
85:
73:
61:
56:
44:
26:
21:
548:Maduru Oya National Park
542:Madhu Road National Park
455:
229:
1300:Ecoregions of Sri Lanka
937:Knuckles Mountain Range
932:Hanthana Mountain Range
590:Wasgamuwa National Park
584:Ussangoda National Park
578:Udawalawe National Park
554:Minneriya National Park
423:Barringtonia acutangula
199:, which is part of the
1305:Indomalayan ecoregions
1156:North Western Province
1146:North Central Province
861:Geography of Sri Lanka
775:10.4038/cjs.v48i4.7679
703:. World Wildlife Fund.
701:Terrestrial Ecoregions
685:. World Wildlife Fund.
683:Terrestrial Ecoregions
634:. World Wildlife Fund.
632:Terrestrial Ecoregions
596:Wilpattu National Park
518:Kaudulla National Park
440:Antidesma ghaesembilla
16:Ecoregion in Sri Lanka
506:Gal Oya National Park
494:Bundala National Park
315:Pterocarpus marsupium
295:Dichrostachys cinerea
245:Chloroxylon swietenia
38:Hurulu Forest Reserve
1255:wildlife sanctuaries
1233:montane rain forests
1228:lowland rain forests
1201:environmental issues
524:Kumana National Park
462:Sri Lankan elephants
435:Tamilnadia uliginosa
417:Tamilnadia uliginosa
411:Margaritaria indicus
329:Anogeissus latifolia
311:Terminalia bellirica
34:Sri Lankan elephants
353:Imperata cylindrica
335:Phyllanthus emblica
275:Chukrasia tabularis
141:Conservation status
1035:Bordering entities
602:Yala National Park
429:Hibiscus tiliaceus
307:Terminalia chebula
241:Manilkara hexandra
1282:
1281:
1166:Southern Province
1151:Northern Province
927:Central Highlands
899:Natural disasters
405:Terminalia arjuna
347:Cymbopogon nardus
281:Bauhinia racemosa
251:Drypetes sepiaria
224:northeast monsoon
185:Central Highlands
157:
156:
1317:
1176:Western Province
1141:Eastern Province
1136:Central Province
882:Climatic regions
854:
847:
840:
831:
830:
824:
818:
812:
809:
803:
794:
788:
787:
777:
753:
747:
746:
744:
743:
728:
719:
711:
705:
704:
693:
687:
686:
675:
669:
662:
656:
650:
635:
399:Vitex leucoxylon
319:Butea monosperma
257:Diospyros ebenum
197:Jaffna Peninsula
49:
31:
19:
18:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1245:protected areas
1182:
1132:Settlements in
1109:
1076:
1030:
979:
941:
903:
863:
858:
828:
827:
819:
815:
810:
806:
798:Sunday Observer
795:
791:
754:
750:
741:
739:
730:
729:
722:
712:
708:
695:
694:
690:
677:
676:
672:
663:
659:
651:
647:
642:
626:
623:
611:
481:protected areas
477:
475:Protected areas
458:
265:Vitex altissima
261:Feronia limonia
232:
220:
177:
153:17,736 km (37%)
107:
52:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1250:national parks
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:Gulf of Mannar
1049:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
947:Extreme points
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
905:
904:
902:
901:
896:
895:
894:
889:
879:
873:
871:
865:
864:
857:
856:
849:
842:
834:
826:
825:
813:
804:
789:
748:
720:
706:
688:
670:
657:
644:
643:
641:
638:
637:
636:
622:
621:External links
619:
618:
617:
610:
607:
606:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
521:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
476:
473:
469:Asian elephant
457:
454:
445:
444:
394:
383:
357:
323:Careya arborea
299:
289:Cassia fistula
231:
228:
219:
216:
187:, home to the
176:
173:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
137:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
89:
87:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1322:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:deforestation
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:Bay of Bengal
1045:
1043:
1042:Adam's Bridge
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
910:
906:
900:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
855:
850:
848:
843:
841:
836:
835:
832:
823:
817:
808:
802:
799:
793:
785:
781:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
752:
737:
733:
727:
725:
716:
710:
702:
698:
692:
684:
680:
674:
668:. IUCN, 1990.
667:
661:
655:
649:
645:
633:
629:
625:
624:
616:
613:
612:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
485:
484:
482:
472:
470:
466:
463:
453:
451:
442:
441:
436:
432:
430:
425:
424:
420:
418:
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
392:
388:
384:
381:
380:
375:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:
355:
354:
349:
348:
343:
342:
337:
336:
331:
330:
325:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:
297:
296:
291:
290:
286:
282:
277:
276:
271:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
252:
247:
246:
242:
237:
236:
235:
227:
225:
215:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
172:
170:
166:
162:
152:
148:
144:
142:
138:
133:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
66:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
39:
35:
30:
25:
20:
1222:
1161:Sabaragamuwa
1082:Subdivisions
1062:Indian Ocean
917:Indian Plate
886:
816:
807:
797:
792:
765:
761:
751:
740:. Retrieved
738:. 2020-06-22
735:
714:
709:
700:
691:
682:
673:
665:
660:
648:
631:
478:
464:
459:
446:
438:
434:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
377:
363:
359:
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
305:
301:
293:
279:
273:
255:
249:
239:
233:
221:
205:
178:
160:
158:
135:Conservation
1188:Environment
1115:Settlements
1072:Palk Strait
203:ecoregion.
68:Indomalayan
1289:Categories
1213:ecoregions
1026:Waterfalls
768:(4): 375.
742:2020-10-10
640:References
369:Eragrostis
365:Cymbopogon
272:spp., and
208:inselbergs
145:vulnerable
1095:Districts
1090:Provinces
1011:Mountains
984:Landforms
784:2513-230X
181:Sri Lanka
175:Geography
169:Sri Lanka
150:Protected
129:Sri Lanka
112:Geography
1262:wildlife
1196:Forestry
1067:Palk Bay
892:Wet Zone
887:Dry Zone
609:See also
393:species.
387:Ritigala
379:Imperata
341:Zizyphus
269:Syzygium
212:Ritigala
1021:Valleys
1001:Lagoons
996:Islands
991:Beaches
955:Highest
909:Geology
877:Climate
869:Climate
391:endemic
373:Themeda
218:Climate
125:Country
86:Borders
57:Ecology
1123:Cities
1016:Rivers
782:
376:, and
326:, and
302:Talawa
292:, and
248:, and
163:are a
1272:flora
1267:fauna
1128:Towns
1057:India
1006:Lakes
965:South
960:North
456:Fauna
360:Villu
230:Flora
75:Biome
63:Realm
975:West
970:East
922:Gems
780:ISSN
437:and
426:and
350:and
338:and
191:and
159:The
117:Area
1171:Uva
770:doi
36:in
1291::
778:.
766:48
764:.
760:.
734:.
723:^
699:.
681:.
630:.
471:.
414:,
371:,
367:,
321:,
317:,
313:,
309:,
287:,
283:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
243:,
171:.
853:e
846:t
839:v
786:.
772::
745:.
431:.
419:,
382:.
356:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
