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The site of the priory is an area of firm ground higher than the peat beds that fill the valley, and due to the absence of level ground it is logical that the original settlement would grow up there. However the area was constricted, and as the village expanded it grew up on the opposite side of the
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Agriculture was originally the mainstay of the village economy. Gradually, during the 19th century, service employment for the school and lodgings for the college gave additional income, and with the advent of commuters, the village's social mix was becoming more middle class. Tourism and quarries
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St Bees School embarked on an era of rapid expansion starting with the construction of the quadrangle in 1846 using compensation from the rich mine-owning
Lowther family. They had illegally obtained the lucrative mineral rights for Whitehaven from the School in 1742 at a derisory sum. This was the
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in
Lithuania. Although the body was over six hundred years old, his nails, skin and stomach contents were found to be in near-perfect condition. After his death the vault was enlarged to take the body of his sister, Maud de Lucy, who died in 1398. Effigies of Maud and Anthony can be seen in an
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both soaked up village labour released by the declining heavy iron and mining industries, and brought a large influx of the technical and scientific university-educated middle class into the village; rather like the first arrival of the professional classes a century earlier. There is now an
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880:. To house the college, the monastic chancel of the Priory was re-roofed and served as the main lecture room, and additional lecture rooms were built in the 1860s. At one time the college had 100 students, and over 2,600 clergy were trained before it closed in 1895.
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Coast-based recreational activities at St Bees are: windsurfing, kite-surfing, rock climbing, bouldering, swimming, jet-skiing, water-skiing, canoeing and para-gliding. These are undertaken on St Bees Head and off the large sandy surf beach.
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The start of the 20th century saw yet another decline in agriculture, and this has continued to today, when there are only a few farms left. Industrial decline also hit West
Cumbria as a whole, particularly after the boom years of both
1175:. At St Bees, the start is marked by the "Wainwright Wall" which explains the walk and its history. A new interpretation board and the steel banner were installed in summer 2013 by St Bees Parish Council and the Wainwright Society.
934:. Thus the 19th century saw the change from a rural backwater based on agriculture, to the more diversified role of a dormitory village for professional and industrial worker alike, and its growth into a minor academic centre.
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Evidence of
Mesolithic and Bronze Age habitation has been found in St Bees, but nothing of the Roman occupation, even though St Bees Head would have been a prominent observation point. The name St Bees is a corruption of the
1529:"The Headmaster, The Provost, and the Earl; The affair of the St Bees School mineral lease, 1812–1817, John M Todd. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Vol LXXXIII, 1983
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In 1981 an archaeological excavation at the priory revealed a vault with a lead coffin containing an astonishingly well preserved body – now known as the St Bees Man. He has been identified as
Anthony de Lucy, a
1421:
Prehistoric habitation sites in West
Cumbria Part 1 -, The St Bees area and north to the Solway- J and PJ Cherry, Transactions of Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol LXXXIII
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in 1539. The nave and transepts of the monastic church have continued in use as the parish church to the present day, but much of the extensive monastic buildings were plundered or fell into decay.
1504:
Archbishop
Grindal's birthplace; Cross Hill, St Bees, Cumbria. By John M Todd and Mary Todd. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Vol XCIX, 1999.
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The last two decades have seen a significant revival in tourism, boosted by the Coast to Coast walk and increasing recognition of the unique landscape of the St Bees
Heritage Coast.
634:, Lord of Egremont, used the existing religious site to found a Benedictine priory for a prior and six monks sometime between 1120 and 1135. The priory was subordinate to the great
1577:
Text of lecture given by John M Todd at the Post
Graduate Seminar on Medieval history, Lancaster University, Sept 1987, and later at Oxford, Copenhagen and St Andrews universities
746:. His undoing was opposing Queen Elizabeth I on liberal religious meetings and he was suspended. He died in 1583 still in disgrace, but, virtually on his death bed, he founded
1449:"The pre-Conquest Church in St Bees, Cumbria: a possible minster?", John M Todd, Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and archaeological Society, 2003
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name for the village, which is given in the earliest charter of the Priory as "Kyrkeby becok", which can be translated as the "Church town of Bega", relating to the local
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There are facilities for rugby, football and cricket at the Adams recreation ground adjacent to the
Seacote beach. This playing field was created in memory of
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in the ninth century to St Bees to avoid an enforced marriage. Carved stones at the priory show that Irish-Norse Vikings settled here in the tenth century.
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valley. The oldest existing house dates from the early 16th century and the present Main Street was based on a string of farms and farmworkers' dwellings.
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was born in Cross Hill House, St Bees, which still exists, and is marked with a plaque. He was probably educated at the priory across the valley. A devout
1089:. The sports facilities of St Bees School are also available, which include a sports hall, squash, tennis and fives courts, and an indoor swimming pool.
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1440:"St Bega – Cult, Fact and Legend", John M Todd, Transactions of Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 1980 – Volume LXXX.
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The circular walk to St Bees Head and Birkhams quarry featured in the May 2012 booklet of the best coastal walks in UK published by the
911:. This led to the building of many of the larger houses and Lonsdale Terrace. The railway brought tourists, and as early as 1851 the
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946:, two major industries were established which have had a profound effect on the community. The former Marchon Chemical Company at
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stayed at the Seacote Hotel. This long history of attracting tourists for "bucket and spade" holidays has continued to this day.
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C J Knusel et al – The identity of the St Bees lady, Cumbria: An osteobiographical approach. Medieval Archaeology vol 54, 2010.
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Panorama: St Bees Head in the north to Black Combe in the south. Above the moraine cliffs in the centre is the golf course
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Liber 1, para i, The Register of the Priory of St Bees, Rev J Wilson, 1915, Published by the Surtees Society.
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had a great influence on the area. The monks worked the land, fished, and extended the priory buildings. The
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1513:"St Bees College – Pioneering Higher Education in 19th Century Cumbria" Rev Dr Trevor Park, 2008,
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ascended the throne. On Mary's death the country once again became Protestant, and Grindal became
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St Bees is a popular holiday destination due to the coastline and proximity to the Western
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first step in St. Bees School's rise from a local institution to becoming one of the new
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extensive science park – Westlakes, on the northern fringe of the parish, at which the
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also provided employment, and many village men found work in the iron ore mines at
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bird reserve which is the only cliff-nesting seabird colony in north-west England.
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reached the village. St Bees attracted the professional classes which commuted to
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did not reach Cumberland until 1092, and when they took over the local lordships,
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National Park. Wainwright recommended that walkers dip their booted feet in the
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newspaper; it being one of only two walks covered in the north west of England.
922:. Huge amounts of stone were quarried, much of it for building the boom town of
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The village has a football team which competes in the Cumbria County league.
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extensive history display which includes the shroud in which he was wrapped.
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in 1973. It is an 192-mile (309 km) unofficial and mostly unsignposted
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The village is on the B5345 from Whitehaven to Iron Bridge junction near
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As planned by Alfred Wainwright, it passes through three contrasting
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1484:"Archbishop Grindal 1519–1583 The struggle for a reformed church" –
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was founded, and proved popular as it was first for the training of
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St Bees: 19th-century railway station and 16th-century road bridge
750:. The primary school in the village was established in the 1870s.
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which is the only Heritage Coast between Wales and Scotland and a
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Perhaps some of the greatest changes were after 1849 when the
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Remarkably, the small village of St Bees produced two of the
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stands on the North Head which is the most westerly point of
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590:. She was said to be an Irish princess who fled across the
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The 19th century saw the start of great changes. In 1816
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1240:Archbishop Edmund Grindal's birthplace, Cross Hill
1474:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 604–605.
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965:In 2014, it was rated one of the most attractive
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918:The railway made possible the export of St Bees
565:starts from St Bees and the National Trail, the
1615:(nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
1167:at St Bees and, at the end of the walk, in the
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673:in St Bees can still be followed in places.
1538:"100 Years of St Bees", Douglas Sim. 1995,
1661:
1647:
1556:"UK's 'most desirable' postcodes revealed"
177:Show map of the former Borough of Copeland
1252:Main Street looking north from Cross Hill
848:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1588:"distance calculated from GPS waypoints"
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1036:Two diesel passenger trains crossing at
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636:Benedictine monastery of St Mary at York
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1192:St Bees promenade and bay looking south
1128:St Bees is the start of the Wainwright
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1613:Cumbria County History Trust: St. Bees
1003:Copeland UK Parliamentary constituency
649:of St Bees was large and stretched to
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1276:Village history display at the priory
1228:St George and the Dragon war memorial
1024:European Parliamentary Constituency.
786:adding citations to reliable sources
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
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1974:Populated coastal places in Cumbria
722:, he made his mark in the reign of
529:Site of Special Scientific Interest
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1619:St Bees village web site home page
1398:"Copeland Borough Council Website"
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1995:
1876:List of civil parishes in Cumbria
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1096:St Bees beach from the South Head
957:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
676:The priory was closed during the
669:from these outlying areas to the
1629:St Bees Parish Council home page
1373:"St Bees Parish Council Website"
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1352:"Ward/Parish population 2011"
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1893:Parliamentary constituencies
1264:St Bees South Head at sunset
888:on the fashionable model of
174:Location in Copeland Borough
7:
1558:. BBC News. 24 August 2014.
1327:Listed buildings in St Bees
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866:St Bees Theological College
550:. In the village there is
235:OS grid reference
125:Human settlement in England
16:Village in Northern England
10:
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1918:Grade II* listed buildings
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988:, who died in 1368 in the
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969:areas to live in England.
531:. The Headland is also an
1979:Civil parishes in Cumbria
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1634:St Bees Head Bird Reserve
1460:Pollard, Albert Frederick
1043:The village is served by
942:. However, following the
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1087:Baron Adams of Ennerdale
744:Archbishop of Canterbury
701:Archbishop of Canterbury
1708:Westmorland and Furness
1590:. Saturday Walkers Club
1471:Encyclopædia Britannica
1465:"Grindal, Edmund"
1332:St Bees railway station
1159:National Park, and the
1132:, which was devised by
1124:at the beach at St Bees
1045:St Bees railway station
1038:St Bees railway station
1736:Appleby-in-Westmorland
1624:St.Bees on Google Maps
1377:St Bees Parish Council
1138:long-distance footpath
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604:: The Norman west door
571:Cumbrian Coast Railway
554:dating from 1120, and
500:is a coastal village,
355:Postcode district
1751:Bowness-on-Windermere
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1078:Sport and recreation
1011:Member of parliament
950:, and UKAEA/BNFL at
913:Lord Mayor of London
782:improve this article
335:Sovereign state
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1984:Borough of Copeland
1964:Villages in Cumbria
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1122:Coast to Coast Walk
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1049:Cumbrian Coast Line
563:Coast to Coast Walk
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748:St Bees School
716:Edmund Grindal
714:In about 1519
697:Edmund Grindal
621:St Bees School
612:St Bees Priory
602:St Bees Priory
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556:St Bees School
552:St Bees Priory
506:electoral ward
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485:54.492; -3.590
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442:List of places
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799: –
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793:Find sources:
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771:This section
769:
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754:Modern growth
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671:mother church
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667:coffin routes
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577:Early history
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548:Lake District
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This section
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1874:
1871:
1773:Cleator Moor
1765:
1686:
1592:. Retrieved
1582:
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1405:. Retrieved
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1380:. Retrieved
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1355:. Retrieved
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894:Rugby School
885:
882:
863:
859:
844:
835:
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818:
811:
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792:
780:Please help
775:verification
772:
713:
705:Edwin Sandys
686:
675:
640:
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580:
545:
525:St Bees Head
522:
512:district of
502:civil parish
497:
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251:Civil parish
227:
142:St Bees Head
122:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1778:Cockermouth
1594:19 February
979:St Bees Man
973:St Bees Man
689:archbishops
483: /
226:1,801
1969:Cumberland
1953:Categories
1868:Workington
1863:Windermere
1853:Whitehaven
1703:Cumberland
1338:References
997:Governance
952:Sellafield
948:Whitehaven
940:world wars
909:Workington
905:Whitehaven
808:newspapers
728:Strasbourg
720:Protestant
682:Henry VIII
655:Loweswater
588:Saint Bega
560:Wainwright
468:54°29′31″N
410:North West
311:North West
223:Population
71:newspapers
1872:See also:
1848:Ulverston
1731:Ambleside
1169:North Sea
1165:Irish Sea
1072:Beckermet
1057:Lancaster
920:sandstone
890:Dr Arnold
878:Cambridge
838:July 2022
797:"St Bees"
742:and then
724:Edward VI
651:Ennerdale
592:Irish Sea
518:Irish Sea
471:3°35′24″W
405:Ambulance
345:Post town
101:July 2022
60:"St Bees"
1838:Sedbergh
1823:Maryport
1818:Longtown
1788:Egremont
1767:Carlisle
1756:Brampton
1741:Aspatria
1462:(1911).
1305:See also
1065:Carlisle
967:postcode
510:Copeland
349:ST. BEES
275:Copeland
267:District
242:NX971115
1959:St Bees
1938:Museums
1923:History
1843:Silloth
1833:Penrith
1803:Keswick
1677:Cumbria
1407:19 July
1382:19 July
1357:16 June
1179:Gallery
1061:Preston
1047:on the
1016:Before
1009:is the
932:Cleator
822:scholar
663:Eskdale
659:Wasdale
628:Normans
514:Cumbria
508:in the
498:St Bees
457:Cumbria
452:England
398:Cumbria
386:Cumbria
327:England
321:Country
293:Cumbria
258:St Bees
209:Cumbria
201:St Bees
168:St Bees
131:St Bees
85:scholar
1898:Places
1886:Topics
1858:Wigton
1828:Millom
1798:Kendal
1726:Alston
1542:
1517:
1492:
1151:: the
1018:Brexit
986:knight
874:Oxford
824:
817:
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803:
795:
732:Mary I
665:. The
643:priory
381:Police
303:Region
228:(2011)
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1903:SSSIs
1488:1979
1422:1983.
829:JSTOR
815:books
584:Norse
371:01946
92:JSTOR
78:books
1596:2013
1540:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1409:2022
1384:2022
1359:2015
1063:and
876:and
801:news
703:and
661:and
641:The
626:The
533:RSPB
504:and
393:Fire
360:CA27
64:news
1674:of
1171:at
1140:in
907:or
892:'s
784:by
699:,
47:by
1955::
1468:.
1400:.
1375:.
1144:.
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1013:.
1005:.
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707:;
695::
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543:.
520:.
447:UK
1662:e
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851:)
845:(
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836:(
826:·
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114:)
108:(
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99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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