459:. By 1255 these particular disagreements were settled, although in 1270 the king had to order the abbot to desist from distraining the Colchester men in matters of trespass of bread and ale, as it was outside of his jurisdiction. An anti-abbey riot broke out at the Midsummers Fair in 1272 on St John's Green outside of the abbey, and the following day the monks showed the Colchester coroner a dead body on the Green, purportedly one of their number killed by the townspeople. The subsequent investigation, however, found that the body was of a criminal taken down from the town gallows and placed on the Green by the monks in an attempt to defame the burgesses of Colchester. In 1310 an episcopal visit by Bishop Baldock found the abbey's monks had fallen slack in observing the rules regarding the periods of silence, abstinence from consuming meat (except in times of illness) and
764:, and a relic consisting of a vial of Thomas Becket's blood. The abbey church and associated buildings, such as the abbot's residence and chapter house, were located within a walled precinct which enclosed an area of roughly 13 acres. Sections of this wall remain along Mersea Road, although large portions were pulled down in the 1970s. The precinct wall enclosed the site of the north, east and west sides, with the south side apparently open to the countryside. The main entrance into the precinct from St John's Green was the Abbey Gate, which still stands and is a Grade I listed building. The parish church of St Giles's Church, which served the lay community around the church, was located in its own precinct attached to the north of the main precinct. St Giles's was heavily damaged during fighting in the 1648 Siege of Colchester, but was rebuilt and is now Colchester's
728:
418:(monks' quarters) from the north side of the abbey to the south side, and rebuilding the abbey itself in a cruciform layout. As the abbey building was forbidden to lay worshippers a parish church, St Giles's Church, was built to serve them sometime between 1133 and 1171. This replaced St John's Church as the parish church, which was demolished down to its foundations and covered by the spoil from the landscaping. The Church of St Giles was built to the north of the abbey on the early lay burial ground, which included many graves lined with Roman rubble.
29:
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strengthened. Further conflict involving St John's occurred when twelve armed horsemen from the abbey were involved in a fight with townspeople outside of
Colkynge's Castle (modern Balkerne Gate on the western walls of Colchester) in 1391 over grazing rights to the meadows in the area. The following year in 1392 the abbot and his supporters got into a fight with his own monks, which spilled over onto St John's Green outside of the abbey gate.
474:
by the abbot to the pope, that the canons of St
Botolph's, with two hundred supporters, attacked a monk of the abbey called Thomas Stuckele, whilst laying siege to the abbey. Some of them had forced their way inside, and injured the abbot and convent. The cause of the riot is not stated, but it may have arisen through a dispute about a pension out of the church of St Peter's, in Colchester, which was settled the following year.
526:, intending it as an insult, and claimed that the town owed St John's ÂŁ228 in arrears over payments for the abbey infirmary. However it was the abbot who had to pay arrears for failing alongside his predecessors of the last 130 years to find a chaplain to celebrate mass on three days in each week in St Helen's chapel in the town, something they should have done in accordance with a judgment of 1290.
695:, one of the Royalist commanders, was a native of the Lucas manor in the abbey grounds. As part of the siege of the town the Parliamentarians ejected the Royalist troops from the abbey grounds after a long fight, destroying the Lucas mansion, St Giles's Church, parts of the old abbey precinct walls and parts of the abbey gate in the process.
965:
at the behest of Henry I, to be maintained by a ÂŁ6 grant from the abbey's manor at
Brightlingsea. However, the rector of the hospital had to resort to petitioning Parliament in the early fourteenth century because of the abbot's heavy-handed attempts to control the hospital. At one point the abbot of
949:
by a monk called Robert, and Henry II confirmed the abbey's possession and granted various privileges, including the right to gather nuts in the forest round, under the condition that two monks should dwell perpetually in the hermitage to pray for the safety of the king and the souls of dead kings. A
739:
The abbey church was rediscovered in 2010 but many of the associated buildings have yet to be identified archaeologically, although contemporary descriptions and images of the abbey have allowed some reconstruction of the church. The abbey church was cruciform in layout, with two western towers and a
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struck the town, killing up to 1,500 people including the abbot and prior of St John's Abbey by the time it began to die down in August 1349. The abbey had pleaded poverty in the 14th century in order abstain from obligations to the King. A conflict arose with the nearby St
Botolph's Priory, reported
956:
near
Aldeburgh, which was granted to the abbey on the agreement that there should be a prior and monks, who should be under the obedience of the abbey and render to it a yearly pension of half a mark. The abbot was to visit the priory twice a year with twelve horses for a stay of four days, or more
485:
on the 14 June, whilst those who stayed behind attacked the town's Moot Hall and St John's Abbey on 15 and 16 June, forcing the law courts to shut for five weeks, and carrying off the court rolls of the abbey. Following the attack by the disgruntled rebels on the abbey its walls and gatehouse were
357:, and lime kilns, used to create lime for mortar from baking oyster shells, have been found which would have been used by the builders. As Eudo was a layman he had no authority to found an abbey, and so it was a priory in its early years. The first attempt to populate the monastery came when the
352:
The outline of the building was marked on the ground on the 29 August 1096, and construction took place between 1096 and 1115, with Eudo himself supposedly laying the first stone. The abbey and its associated buildings would have been constructed out of Roman rubble quarried from the ruins of
545:
and a supporter of the
Yorkist cause. Howard interfered with the abbatial elections following the death of Abbot Ardeley in 1464, helping John Canon to win the election. Howard then appears to have interfered again in support of Abbot Stansted's election following Canon's death in 1464, both
405:
The abbey suffered a disaster in its early years, when a large fire in 1133, which burned much of
Colchester, severely affected the monastery. Following the destruction caused by the fire major reconstruction occurred. This involved landscaping much of the area around the abbey, moving the
966:
St John's arrived to demand the charters and common seal of St Mary
Magdalene's, and when he was refused these he threw the master, Simon de la Naylonde, and one William de Langham out of the building. In a later inquest into this and other abuses the abbot was found innocent.
805:
seated in a canopied niche, holding in his right hand a chalice with a dragon, and in his left hand a palm branch. In canopied niches to either side are angels. Outside these on either side is a penthouse, on which is an angel holding out a shield of arms; on the left those of
437:
gave the abbey 15 oaks for upgrading the building in 1235. The abbey was embroiled in long standing disputes with the townspeople of
Colchester throughout the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, as well as several sometimes violent confrontations with the
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which stood across the road from it. In 1253, following long standing dispute over access to the free warren in West
Donyland, to the south of the town, and the extent of the abbot's jurisdiction, a group of forty Colchester men attacked and destroyed the abbey's
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sent two monks from his diocese to the town, but they subsequently returned and were replaced by a larger contingent under the leadership of a man called Ralph. Ralph negotiated with Eudo the extent of the monastery's authority in the town, becoming its first
465:(which stated that Benedictine monks may not move from their monastery to other ones). The abbey found itself in trouble with the Crown in 1346, when a French prisoner, Berengar de Monte Alto, said to be the archdeacon of Paris, who had been captured at the
521:
later censured the abbey for building a tower in defence of the monastery on Royal land. In 1429 and 1430, during a dispute with the townsfolk over the ownership of the Hythe water mill at Colchester's port, the abbot of St John's called the town a nest of
713:
The abbey church building was rediscovered during excavations in 2010 by Colchester Archaeological Trust. In these excavations the church was found to have been much larger than expected at 90m long, longer than the nearby St Botolph's Priory.
1380:
Crummy, Nina; Crummy, Philip; and Crossan, Carl (1993) Colchester Archaeological Report 9: Excavations of Roman and later cemeteries, churches and monastic sites in Colchester, 1971-88. Published by Colchester Archaeological Trust
374:'s granting of abbey status to the institution on 10 January 1104. The leader of the monks from York, Hugh, was ordained as the first abbot of St John's Abbey by the Bishop of London. Upon Eudo’s death in 1120 on his estate at
678:
in its grounds, retaining the precinct wall with its large abbey gate around the old grounds. St Giles's Church was retained as a parish church, housing the tombs of the Lucas family. Fragments of the abbey were reused in
756:, and a least two chapels attached to the south side of the building. The church contained a clock, one of two in Medieval Colchester, the second being at St Leonards-at-the-Hythe. The church contained an image of
313:, although it was later concluded that this was an error based on the fact that the church had been built on a former Roman cemetery, rather than as part of it. The final priest of the church was a man called
261:, founded in 1095. It was dissolved in 1539. Most of the abbey buildings were subsequently demolished to construct a large private house on the site, which was itself destroyed in fighting during the 1648
779:. The seal of the abbey is circular, with a diameter of three inches, and has the following appearance: The obverse represents St John the Baptist seated in a canopied niche, holding in his left hand the
687:'s map of 1607 show the Lucas mansion in the southern part of the abbey grounds and what appears to be the central tower of the abbey with its lantern window on top still standing. In 1648, during the
469:
by the English was sold in England for ÂŁ50. He came into the possession of the abbot, who sold him in London, in direct defiance of the king's writ ordering his detention. In the winter of 1348-49 the
674:, before eventually being bought by the Lucas Family in 1548. The abbey church was slowly demolished during the late 16th century and early 17th century, with the Lucas family building a large
429:. Supposedly Ralph only caught a few drops of Becket's blood in the vial, but when he sent it to Colchester it was miraculously overflowing. This vial became the abbey's most treasured
602:
in 1536. Already in 1534 schisms within the abbey between supporters of the king and detractors, although the abbey survived the initial dissolutions thanks to the intervention of
874:, St Mary Woolchurch, and Leatherhead. However the grants may have been partially revoked at a later date, as Brightlingsea and Hallingbury are not mentioned in the charters of
517:
throne. Although the abbot was acquitted in 1405, the case led to several leading burgesses of Colchester taking legal actions against him, all of which were resolved by 1415.
345:. Eudo claimed to have witnessed a miracle at St John's Church in 1095, and used this as an excuse to found a Benedictine monastery on the site. He obtained the support of the
1688:
302:. This church was supposedly where "miraculous voices" could be heard. The Saxon church was excavated in the 1970s, and was revealed to be a three celled structure built from
1723:
509:. However the abbot during this time was frequently reprimanded for mismanagement of the abbey. In 1404 the abbot, alongside other leading Colcestrians and the abbot of
814:
quartered, and on the right those of the abbey. In the base under an arch is an abbot kneeling, with figures in niches on each side. The legend on the reverse reads
558:
had visited Colchester several times in the 15th century, in 1467–68, staying at the pro-Yorkist St John's Abbey each time. Following the Plantagenet defeat at the
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1718:
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The lands and endowments of the abbey were recorded and confirmed in several charters. The first charter from 1104 confirms the possession of the manors of
882:, when it was exchanged for lands in East Donyland, to the south of Colchester. The chapel of St Helen at Colchester along with a fair of two days at the
850:, in London, various other lands and tithes, and grants by other donors. In addition the charter granted that the abbey shall have the same liberties as
425:'s blood from a monk called Ralph, who had once stayed at of St John's Abbey during Becket's exile, and who had been present at Becket's murder in
866:. A charter from the reign of William II confirms the grants made by Eudo to the abbey, and mentions the manors of Brightlingsea, Weeley and
1332:
Crummy, Philip (1997) City of Victory; the story of Colchester - Britain's first Roman town. Published by Colchester Archaeological Trust (
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906:, Berechurch (now part of Colchester), the churches of St Giles, St Leonard, St Nicholas and Holy Trinity in Colchester, East Donyland,
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683:(built 1591), whilst other fragments of stone from the church are scattered around the former grounds. Depictions of Colchester on
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Ashdown-Hill, John (2009) Mediaeval Colchester's Lost Landmarks. Published by The Breedon Books Publishing Company Limited. (
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garnished with silver and gilte, small seade perles and counterfeete stones or glasses, lackinge parte of the garnisshinge
366:, although he and his monks later left after a dispute. Eudo despaired of the project, until he met with Abbot Stephen of
1708:
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on a plaque, whilst pointing to it with his right hand. In smaller canopied niches on the left and right are Saints
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610:. However, St John's Abbey was dissolved in 1539, following the trial and execution of the abbey's last abbot,
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854:. A second charter in 1119 confirms a further list of possessions, the principal additions being the manor of
1673:
607:
710:, south of the old abbey precinct and once part of the garrison grounds, still bear the name of the abbey.
186:
590:
appears to have viewed the abbey with suspicion, although he stayed there during his visit to Colchester.
654:. The abbey monks were granted small pensions, whilst the abbey itself fell into the hands of the crown.
961:
on the road between the walled part of Colchester and its port. This had also been founded by Eudo as a
795:
of the abbey—a cross within a bordure, over all an escarbuncle of eight stavesfleury. The legend reads
326:
618:
Thomas Marshall). Abbot Beche had refused to hand the Abbey over to the king, and so was taken to the
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513:, were charged with being part of an earlier conspiracy to put the deposed Richard II back on
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938:. The abbey also owned Bourne Mill, a water mill on a brook just to the south of Colchester.
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At the time of the dissolution the plate of the abbey amounted to 2,244ÂĽ ounces besides
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at Greenstead to the East of the town, before cutting the ropes of the abbey’s ships at
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879:
878:. The church of Lillechurch remained in the possession of the abbey until the reign of
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1549:
1382:
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1305:
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691:, Colchester was seized by Royalist forces and besieged by the Parliamentarians. Sir
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his remains were brought to England to be interred at the abbey on 28 February 1120.
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The site of the abbey, to the south of the walled part of the town near the road to
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1398:
Thomas, C (1981) “Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 500”. Published by Battisford
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397:, the parish church for the abbey's lay community. Heavily damaged during the 1648
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often in cases of necessity. A third institution nominally owned by the abbey was
923:
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1468:"Houses of Benedictine monks: Abbey of Colchester | British History Online"
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Thomas Marshall (alias John Beche), elected 1533, executed 1539. The last abbot.
370:, who sent thirteen monks to Colchester from York, which roughly coincided with
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497:, who on 25 February 1399 also granted the abbots of Colchester the use of the
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of 1381. The rebels who had assembled in Colchester had marched south to join
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in 1096, and began work on the monastery to the north of the original church.
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1090:
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269:, while the foundations of the abbey church were only rediscovered in 2010.
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also stayed at the abbey during her visit to the town in 1515. Following
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bought the abbey grounds from the Baring family, and it became part of
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294:, was originally the location of a Saxon church dedicated to either St
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570:. The abbey's sympathies were remembered in the early Tudor period by
1653:, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 2 (1907), pp. 93–102.
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before facing a trial in Colchester in front of a jury headed by the
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suspecting of being pro-Yorkist. During the brief restoration of the
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266:
894:, in Suffolk, Greenstead manor and church (now part of Colchester),
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Colchester in 1500AD, showing the location of the Abbey of St John's
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The Colchester Archaeologist. Issue no. 24. (2011) (ISSN 0952-0988)
1548:
Denney, Patrick (2004) Colchester. Published by Tempus Publishing (
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in 1470–71 Howard took advantage of the abbey's charter-enshrined
1510:"Medieval Colchester: Introduction | British History Online"
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306:. Originally it was thought that the church began life as a Late
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1567:"Medieval Colchester: Townspeople | British History Online"
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Following the dissolution the abbey was leased by the crown to
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the abbey provided a sanctuary for Yorkists, including briefly
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O MATRIS . . . ALNE IOHS CONSERBES OMESCCIB . . . ATQ . . . DS
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In 1396, a monk of the abbey, John Colschestre was appointed
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feelings, became embroiled in the politics surrounding the
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SIGILLUM COMUNE MONASTERII SANCTIIOHIS BAPTISTE COLCESTRIE
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in 1066 the town eventually came into the possession of
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Baldwin, D. (2007) The Lost Prince. Published by Stroud
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and permission to gives solemn blessings at the end of
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1167:
List of monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII of England
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A list of the abbots of St John's Abbey has survived:
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Sometime around 1170 the monastery received a vial of
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Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
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squat central tower over the central crossing of the
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Following the Tudor victory in the Wars of the Roses
433:, with supernatural healing powers attributed to it.
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A mid-17th century depiction of the abbey church by
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Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation
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1527:
1364:
1362:
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477:The abbey suffered attacks from rebels during the
1665:
1651:Houses of Benedictine monks: Abbey of Colchester
1343:
265:. The only substantial remnant is the elaborate
578:who left a large sum to the abbey in her will.
838:at Colchester, the churches of Turnecruft, at
537:. In the 1460s the abbey had close links with
1719:Buildings and structures in Colchester (town)
1035:Robert de Grenstede, elected 1272, died 1306.
890:. Other manors granted to the abbey included
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1096:William de Gritton, elected 1377, died 1380.
666:The gatehouse of St John's Abbey, Colchester
634:lands at Colchester on 1 December 1539. His
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1658:A Guide to the Abbeys of England And Wales
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1152:Eudo Dapifer and wife Rohais (daughter of
228:Abbey Gate, Precinct Wall, St Giles Church
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1206:
1204:
1202:
1109:Robert Gryttone, elected 1418, died 1432.
1079:Thomas Stukelee, elected 1368, died 1369.
941:A small cell of the abbey was founded at
1136:John Stoke, elected 1517, resigned 1523.
726:
661:
389:
281:
1401:
1139:Thomas Barton, elected 1523, died 1533.
752:(pairs of arches on either side of the
1666:
1559:
1485:
1199:
598:'s divorce of Catherine, he began the
529:The abbey, which harboured strong pro-
1621:"ST JOHN'S ABBEY GATEHOUSE (1337765)"
638:was rescued by the Mannock Family of
1119:John Canon, elected 1464, died 1468.
1106:Roger Best, elected 1405, died 1418.
989:Hugh of York, the first abbot, 1104.
884:feast of the Invention of the Cross
722:
657:
568:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
385:
13:
1679:Benedictine monasteries in England
1626:National Heritage List for England
992:Gilbert de Lungrill, c. 1104-1129.
14:
1735:
1694:1539 disestablishments in England
980:
858:and the church of Nieweseles, in
791:. In the base is a shield of the
1704:Grade I listed churches in Essex
744:, topped by a large cylindrical
539:John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
124:John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
27:
16:Monastery in Colchester, England
1699:English Heritage sites in Essex
1644:
1609:
995:William de Scuri, c. 1129-1132.
554:status by taking refuge there.
1684:1096 establishments in England
1584:
1392:
1076:Simon, occurs 1358, died 1368.
1070:, elected 1349, resigned 1353.
821:
735:, based on an earlier drawing.
626:. After being found guilty of
600:Dissolution of the Monasteries
581:
1:
1660:, pp. 119–20. Constable.
1192:
1073:Thomas Moveron, elected 1353.
1022:Adam de Campes, c. 1195-1238.
886:were granted to the abbey by
771:The head of the abbey was an
608:Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
1025:William de Wande, 1238-1245.
959:St Mary Magdalene's Hospital
801:. The reverse represents St
116:Important associated figures
33:Gatehouse of St John's Abbey
7:
1160:
934:in Suffolk, and St George,
277:
10:
1740:
1709:Grade I listed monasteries
1146:
1133:, elected 1498, died 1517.
1126:, elected 1468, died 1497.
1116:, elected 1432, died 1464.
1103:, elected 1380, died 1405.
1093:, elected 1375, died 1377.
1086:, elected 1369, died 1375.
1063:, elected 1327, died 1349.
1056:, elected 1326, died 1327.
1042:, elected 1306, died 1311.
327:Norman conquest of England
272:
834:, a four-day fair at the
630:he was hanged on his own
574:and Richard III's mother
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51:
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26:
718:The monastic institution
560:Battle of Bosworth Field
253:monastic institution in
209:51.8855444°N 0.9015750°E
950:second cell existed at
758:The Blessed Virgin Mary
870:, and the churches of
797:
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414:
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1714:History of Colchester
1571:British-history.ac.uk
1514:British-history.ac.uk
1472:British-history.ac.uk
1172:History of Colchester
1099:Geoffrey Story or de
1019:Osbert, c. 1179-1195.
748:. It had about seven
730:
665:
393:
285:
214:51.8855444; 0.9015750
39:Monastery information
1674:Monasteries in Essex
1177:Order of St Benedict
1154:Richard Fitz Gilbert
1129:William Lyndesey or
153:Heritage designation
58:Order of St Benedict
1187:Colchester churches
912:St Stephen Walbrook
803:John the Evangelist
704:Colchester Garrison
592:Catherine of Aragon
444:St Botolph's Priory
399:Siege of Colchester
359:Bishop of Rochester
321:at the time of the
300:John the Evangelist
263:siege of Colchester
205: /
91:Controlled churches
23:
918:in Hertfordshire,
848:St Mary Woolchurch
737:
668:
548:House of Lancaster
403:
288:
148:Largely demolished
21:
1554:978-0-7524-3214-4
1310:978-1-85983-686-6
868:Great Hallingbury
689:English Civil War
646:, who gave it to
566:and perhaps also
543:Colchester Castle
535:Wars of the Roses
511:St Osyth's Priory
240:
239:
145:Functional status
1731:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1617:Historic England
1613:
1607:
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1591:
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1582:
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1341:
1330:
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1302:
896:Little Bardfield
836:feast of St John
800:
733:Wenceslas Hollar
723:The abbey church
672:Sir Thomas Darcy
658:Post-dissolution
640:Stoke-by-Nayland
495:Pope Boniface IX
491:bishop of Orkney
479:Peasants' Revolt
464:
423:St Thomas Becket
417:
411:
386:Medieval history
355:Roman Colchester
347:Bishop of London
325:. Following the
296:John the Baptist
247:Colchester Abbey
220:
219:
217:
216:
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206:
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85:John the Baptist
47:Colchester Abbey
31:
24:
20:
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1200:
1195:
1163:
1149:
1049:, elected 1311.
1016:, c. 1164-1179.
1009:, c. 1148-1164.
1002:, c. 1132-1148.
983:
924:Huntingdonshire
824:
725:
720:
660:
620:Tower of London
584:
564:Viscount Lovell
541:, Constable of
467:Battle of Crécy
395:St Giles church
388:
372:Pope Paschal II
343:King William II
323:Domesday Survey
280:
275:
243:St John's Abbey
225:Visible remains
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120:Thomas Marshall
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22:St John's Abbey
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981:List of abbots
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947:Bedemannesberg
892:Wickham Skeith
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820:
777:House of Lords
762:sanctuary lamp
724:
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636:pectoral cross
588:King Henry VII
583:
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412:(offices) and
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690:
686:
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664:
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621:
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292:Mersea Island
284:
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233:Public access
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1645:Bibliography
1630:. Retrieved
1624:
1611:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1394:
1032:, 1245-1272.
984:
970:
968:
958:
953:Snape Priory
951:
946:
940:
880:King Stephen
825:
815:
770:
766:Mason centre
746:roof lantern
738:
712:
708:Abbey Fields
707:
698:In 1860 the
697:
669:
631:
615:
585:
528:
519:King Henry V
488:
476:
420:
404:
351:
331:Eudo Dapifer
318:
314:
304:Roman rubble
289:
246:
242:
241:
197:51°53′7.96″N
130:Architecture
110:Eudo Dapifer
80:Dedicated to
18:
1576:27 February
1519:27 February
1477:27 February
1082:Richard de
1052:William de
1047:Huntingfeld
1028:William de
1005:Gilbert de
932:Hemingstone
914:in London,
872:Lillechurch
852:Westminster
840:Leatherhead
822:Possessions
681:Bourne Mill
676:manor house
582:Dissolution
556:Richard III
531:Plantagenet
471:Black Death
442:convent of
440:Augustinian
251:Benedictine
212: /
200:0°54′5.67″E
187:Coordinates
64:Established
44:Other names
1668:Categories
1193:References
1045:Walter de
700:War Office
685:John Speed
612:John Beche
596:Henry VIII
515:Henry IV's
462:stabilitas
427:Canterbury
255:Colchester
172:Colchester
106:Founder(s)
1182:Monastery
1066:Simon de
1061:Wymondham
928:Aldeburgh
781:Agnus Dei
760:, with a
742:transepts
572:Edward IV
552:sanctuary
483:Wat Tyler
339:William I
311:martyrium
267:gatehouse
139:Dissolved
1632:8 August
1161:See also
1131:Sprowton
1124:Stansted
1112:William
1059:John de
1038:John de
1030:Spaldwic
1014:Walensis
998:Hugh de
920:Hamerton
900:Ardleigh
888:Henry II
524:Lollards
453:tumbrels
415:habitula
409:officine
380:Normandy
278:Founding
249:, was a
168:Location
95:St Giles
1147:Burials
1122:Walter
1114:Ardeley
1054:Glemham
1012:Walter
945:called
943:Writtle
936:Norwich
916:Walkern
908:Takeley
876:Henry I
860:Barkway
812:England
644:Suffolk
632:demesne
628:treason
507:vespers
449:gallows
335:steward
319:Sigeric
273:History
157:Grade I
1552:
1385:
1336:
1308:
1091:Dedham
1068:Blyton
1040:Bruges
1007:Wicham
973:mytors
904:Boxted
856:Mundon
846:, and
844:Surrey
832:Pitsea
828:Weeley
808:France
706:. The
376:Préaux
298:or St
135:Status
101:People
1089:John
1084:Colne
785:Peter
773:abbot
652:Devon
616:alias
499:mitre
431:relic
364:prior
315:Siric
308:Roman
259:Essex
176:Essex
53:Order
1634:2014
1578:2017
1550:ISBN
1521:2017
1479:2017
1383:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1000:Haya
971:two
930:and
830:and
810:and
793:arms
789:Paul
787:and
754:nave
750:bays
505:and
503:mass
451:and
368:York
341:and
163:Site
75:1539
67:1096
922:in
842:in
650:in
642:in
493:by
378:in
337:of
317:or
236:yes
83:St
1670::
1623:.
1619:.
1595:^
1569:.
1529:^
1512:.
1487:^
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1345:^
1317:^
1201:^
977:.
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1636:.
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1556:)
1523:.
1481:.
1389:)
1381:(
1340:)
1312:)
1156:)
614:(
401:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
