403:
363:
391:
142:
375:
513:
351:
25:
402:
362:
505:
563:
of other states. In this category fall e.g. the provisions about distributing local offices only to native people (or to people who had bought that status). So, too, do the many, detailed provisions about the
Lithuanian estates' assemblies which eventually were abolished by the Lublin union treaty. Thus, in everyday legal practice, the statute trumped and even usurped the union treaty.
323:. They formed the basis of the legal system of the Grand Duchy and were "the first full code of laws written in Europe since Roman Law" and "a major milestone inasmuch as it is the first attempt to codify significant East European legal trends". The Statutes evolved hand-in-hand with the Lithuanian expansion to Slavic lands, thus the main sources of the statutes were Old Lithuanian
390:
551:). The statute also provided that crimes committed by or against people from different social ranks were punished alike, following the idea of equal worth of human life. Yet the hurdles for a peasant to have a noble tried and convicted were higher than the other way around. The statute was supported by Lithuanian
566:
A group often opposing the statute was the Polish nobility, which viewed such inconsistencies as unconstitutional, particularly since the Union of Lublin stipulated that no law could conflict with the law of the Union. The statute, however, in turn, declared the laws that conflicted with itself to be
562:
Many features of the statute were not in line with the provisions of the Union of Lublin, which is not at all mentioned in the statute. The third article of the
Statute provided that all lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania will be eternally within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and never become part
749:
of Russia. To facilitate the application of the decree translation of the document into
Russian was started and took up to 1798. However, the print of this version of the document was swiftly forbidden as the 200-year-old document was seen as more liberal than the contemporary Imperial law. The
1071:
570:
The third variant of the
Statute had particularly many humane features, such as a prohibition to enslave a free man for any crime; freedom of religion; and a recommendation to acquit the accused when there is a lack of evidence, instead of punishing the innocent. Also, it provided for double
425:
held in 1514, the delegates made the first request for laws and rights written down in a comprehensive code. After further repeated requests for such a code, a general diet was convened in the spring of 1522 for the discussion of provisions to be included in the first statute.
627:
Chapter 12. "O golovschineh i o navezkah lyudej prostyh i o takih lyudeh i chelyadi, kotoraya ot panov svoih othodit, takzhe o slugah prikaznyh" (On the punishments and compensations of simple people and of such people and journeymen which leave their masters, also on
544:
The statute reorganized and modified existing laws and also included new laws. Novel features included a tendency toward severe penalties, including capital punishment, which was in line with the general reactionary retributive trend in contemporary
European law (cf.
413:
The main purpose of the First
Statute was to standardize and unify the law, under one legal code, ending the prominent regional particularism. The unified law was supposed to act as a tool for better political and economic integration of the different regions.
482:, as the expansion of nobles' rights since the publication of the first statute had made it redundant. The second statute was prepared by a special commission, consisting of ten members, appointed by the Grand Duke and the Council of Lords.
705:
The
Statutes of Lithuania were a sign of the progressive European legal tradition, and were cited as precedent in Polish and Livonian courts. Furthermore, they had a major influence on the 1649 encoding of the Russian legal code,
567:
unconstitutional. Statutes of
Lithuania were also used in territories of Lithuania annexed by Poland shortly before the Union of Lublin. These conflicts between statutory schemes in Lithuania and Poland persisted for many years.
540:
and also in Poland, where at that time laws were not thoroughly codified and the
Lithuanian statute was consulted in some cases where the corresponding or comparably similar Polish laws were unclear or missing.
1305:
263:
614:
Chapter 9. "O podkomoryh v poveteh i o pravah zemlenyh o granicah i mezhah" (On the subcamerarii in counties -ie. officials charged with overseeing land boundaries- and land rights and boundaries).
571:
compensation for killing or hurting a woman. It was in force in the territory of
Lithuania until 1840 when it was replaced by Russian laws. Until then, many Russian peasants and even nobles (e.g.,
1168:
239:
194:
555:, as it granted them special powers and privileges allowing them to keep the lesser Lithuanian nobility and peasants in check. As a token for being acknowledged as Grand Duke of Lithuania,
488:
Since May 2024, a fair copy of the First Statute in Western Ruthenian, belonging to Albertas Goštautas, and a manuscript copy of Polish translation of the Second Statute are exhibited at a
421:) of 1447, 1492 and 1506 provided certain legal norms, as a rule they did not cover more specific types of problems such as procedure, punishment and other finer points of law. At the
219:
214:
209:
455:
The First Statute was hand-written and survived in several copies. The statutes of Lithuania were translated to Latin because of its superior terminology and to avoid ambiguity.
374:
234:
224:
1387:
983:
698:
family, and the changes were at least partly made with a view to reducing their power. The reforms also instituted Polish as the administrative language, replacing
596:
Chapter 3. "O volnostyah shlyahetskih i o rozmnozhen'yu Velikogo Knyazstva Litovskogo" (On noble privileges and on the development of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania).
721:
In 1791, efforts were made to change the system and do away with the privileges of the nobility, creating a constitutional monarchy with a modern citizenry (see
489:
1293:
229:
270:
1138:
1160:
963:
524:, which created the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The main author and editor of this statute was the great Chancellor of Lithuania Lew Sapieha of
617:
Chapter 10. "O puschu, o lovy, o derevo bortnoe, o ozera i senozhaty" (On forests, hunting, trees used for honey hunting, on lakes and hayefields).
852:
520:
The Third Statute, described as an "outstanding monument of the legal, literary and linguistic culture", was accepted in 1588 in response to the
444:. The First Statute consisted of 13 Chapters and was divided into 282 Articles. The first edition was redrafted and completed by his successor
1211:
694:), to equate them with those of the corresponding offices in the Polish crown. Many of these offices at the time were held by members of the
1108:
485:
This Second Statute made the rights of Orthodox Christians and Catholics equal. It consisted of 14 Chapters and contained 367 Articles.
895:
89:
1443:
1058:
The Palace of the Commonwealth. Three times opened. Treasures from the National Library of Poland at the Palace of the Commonwealth
1237:
1195:
61:
1259:
42:
819:
1340:
1015:
814:
68:
437:
1438:
512:
1458:
980:
256:
189:
1423:
715:
304:
141:
75:
938:
1468:
1463:
1360:
1223:
108:
1397:
1453:
1433:
1418:
1031:
57:
1428:
1493:
1130:
655:
199:
46:
449:
434:
332:
666:. These reforms limited the jurisdiction and competency of several Lithuanian offices, such as those of the
528:
origin. The statute was the first one to be printed (in contrast to the handwritten statutes before) in the
1473:
1413:
960:
1483:
1488:
1478:
1053:
430:
620:
Chapter 11. "O kgvalteh, o boeh, o golovschinah shlyahetskih" (On violations, fights and punishments of
350:
184:
844:
590:
Chapter 1. "O parsune nasshoj gospodarskoj" (On the status of Grand Duke of Grand Duchy of Lithuania).
244:
300:
82:
755:
467:
35:
718:(1569–1795)—the Lithuanian Statutes were the Grand Duchy's greatest expression of independence.
1354:
1335:. Vol. I: The Making of the Polish–Lithuanian Union, 1385–1569. Oxford University Press.
702:, in written documents and court proceedings, contradicting the wording of the Third Statute.
204:
1100:
931:"Lietuvių ir slavų teisės vaidmuo kuriant Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teisės sistemą"
722:
471:
339:, international treaties and royal charters and proclamations of the 12th to 14th centuries.
128:
445:
1448:
751:
734:
707:
429:
The First Statute was drafted in 1522 and came into force in 1529 by the initiative of the
151:
887:
8:
738:
650:
Attempts by the Lithuanian nobility to limit the power of Lithuanian magnates led to the
547:
479:
456:
381:
328:
1231:
1189:
999:
Loewe, Karl von The Lithuanian Statute of 1529 Leiden 1976 ISBN 90 04 04520 1, p.p. 1-2
776:
699:
556:
529:
312:
292:
174:
1253:
745:, and mandated use of the Lithuanian Statutes as the applicable law for the conquered
1336:
1219:
759:
580:
537:
159:
809:
771:
336:
1012:
916:
Loewe, Karl von The Lithuanian Statute of 1529 Leiden 1976 ISBN 90 04 04520 1, p.3
1263:
1241:
1199:
1019:
987:
967:
659:
533:
521:
320:
634:
Chapter 14. "O zlodejstve vsyakogo stanu" (On various frauds and wrong doings).
572:
463:
316:
1407:
1349:
Loewe, Karl von The Lithuanian Statute of 1529 Leiden 1976 ISBN 90 04 04520 1
324:
1216:
Szkice z dziejów federalizmu i myśli federalistycznych w czasach nowożytnych
647:(district) so they could be used and seen by each person desiring to do so.
930:
750:
statutes remained in effect until 1840, when they were outlawed by emperor
746:
475:
441:
1161:""Istorijos detektyvai": kodėl Rusija siekia perrašyti Lietuvos istoriją?"
679:
608:
Chapter 7. "O zapiseh i prodazheh" (On the conduct of business and taxes).
1393:
296:
16:
16th-century codification of legislation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
742:
559:
revised the Union of Lublin and approved the Third Lithuanian Statute.
525:
308:
368:
First page of the Latin copy of Laurentius (1531) of the First Statute
687:
576:
714:—including both the dynastic union (1385–1569) and the confederated
24:
671:
621:
730:
726:
695:
664:
Porządek sądzenia spraw w Trybunale Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskego
552:
593:
Chapter 2. "O oborone zemskoj" (On legal defence before courts).
462:
The second statute came into effect in 1566 by the order of the
725:). However, these plans came to naught when Russia, abetted by
711:
667:
644:
493:
631:
Chapter 13. "O grabezhah i navezkah" (On theft and robberies).
504:
433:. It has been proposed that the codification was initiated by
1355:"An Historical Conspectus of the Sources of Byelorussian Law"
599:
Chapter 4. "O sud'yah i sudeh" (On judges and courts of law).
1294:"Istorinės LDK teisės aidas moderniojoje Lietuvos teisėje"
611:
Chapter 8. "O testamentah" (On last wills and testaments).
459:
was the most active proponent of Latin usage in the GDL.
602:
Chapter 5. "O oprave posagu i o vene" (On bride-prices).
490:
permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth
1060:. Warsaw: National Library of Poland. p. 66, 69.
1277:
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów. Cz. 3. Dzieje Agonii
789:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1072:"The 1588 Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania"
1405:
741:reversed all changes of the law approved by the
638:
643:Copies of the statutes used to be kept in each
1052:
536:. Translations of the statute were printed in
169:
164:
1032:"Palace of the Commonwealth open to visitors"
264:
981:Статут Вялікага Княства Літоўскага 1566 года
839:
837:
654:movement, culminating in the reforms of the
586:The Third Statute consisted of 14 chapters:
342:
1291:
1076:National Library of the Republic of Belarus
990:, Minsk, 2003, pp. 8 et al. (in Belarusian)
970:, Minsk, 1991, pp. 8 et al (in Belarusian)
928:
271:
257:
1292:Maksimaitis, Mindaugas (12 August 2012).
1131:"Antrasis ir Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutai"
1034:. National Library of Poland. 28 May 2024
888:"Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania"
834:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1094:
1092:
511:
503:
474:, and was larger and more advanced. The
289:Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1352:
1287:
1285:
1024:
516:Polish translation of the Third Statute
311:(1529, 1566, and 1588), all written in
135:Statutes and Constitutions of Lithuania
1406:
1333:The Oxford History of Poland–Lithuania
737:. On 30 October 1794, Russian empress
478:did this because of pressure from the
190:Mutual Pledge of the Two Nations, 1791
1330:
1171:from the original on 18 February 2018
1141:from the original on 24 February 2020
1111:from the original on 27 December 2023
1098:
1089:
855:from the original on 27 December 2023
822:from the original on 27 December 2023
807:
795:
658:of 1697 (May–June), confirmed in the
1282:
924:
922:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
710:. After forming an association with
440:as a reworking and expansion of the
195:Temporary Constitutions of 1918-1920
129:politics and government of Lithuania
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1269:
1247:
1167:(in Lithuanian). 6 September 2017.
605:Chapter 6. "O opekah" (On trustees)
235:Lithuanian SSR Constitution of 1978
225:Lithuanian SSR Constitution of 1940
13:
979:Т.І.Доўнар, У.М.Сатолін, Я.А.Юхо.
961:Крыніцы беларуска-літоўскага права
941:from the original on 16 March 2023
898:from the original on 21 April 2021
662:of September 1697 in the document
448:, who assumed the position of the
417:Although general land privileges (
408:Page from the Second Statute, 1588
396:Page from the Second Statute, 1588
179:
14:
1505:
1381:
1308:from the original on 29 July 2023
1279:. Prószynski i S-ka. 2007. Pg. 34
937:(in Lithuanian). pp. 75–80.
919:
867:
1218:, Wydawnictwo UJ, 1999, Kraków,
1105:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
1013:Stages of the Lithuanian Statute
815:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
499:
401:
389:
373:
361:
349:
307:. The Statutes consist of three
140:
23:
1444:Early modern history of Belarus
1361:Journal of Byelorussian Studies
1324:
1205:
1183:
1153:
1123:
1064:
1056:; Sapała, Patryk, eds. (2024).
1046:
1002:
929:Machovenko, Jevgenijus (2005).
380:The Second Statute in Latin by
34:needs additional citations for
993:
973:
953:
910:
801:
716:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
331:customary law, as well as the
305:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1101:"Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas"
845:"Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas"
782:
639:Implications and developments
450:Grand Chancellor of Lithuania
435:Grand Chancellor of Lithuania
333:nobility privileges in Poland
230:Partisans Declaration of 1949
735:partitioned the Commonwealth
7:
1439:Church Slavonic manuscripts
1353:Savicki, Stanislaū (1967).
765:
754:as part of a reprisals and
431:Lithuanian Council of Lords
240:Temporary Basic Law of 1990
10:
1510:
1459:Legal history of Lithuania
287:, originally known as the
245:Current Constitution, 1992
185:Constitution of 3 May 1791
1424:16th century in Lithuania
1018:27 September 2006 at the
343:First and Second Statutes
205:Klaipėda Convention, 1924
1469:Legal history of Ukraine
1464:Legal history of Belarus
301:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
175:Henrician Articles, 1573
170:The Second Statute, 1566
126:Part of a series on the
1454:Legal history of Poland
1434:16th century in Ukraine
1419:16th century in Belarus
508:The Third Statute, 1588
468:Grand Duke of Lithuania
419:obshchezemskie privilei
356:The First Statute, 1529
303:and its successor, the
180:The Third Statute, 1588
165:The First Statute, 1529
58:"Statutes of Lithuania"
1429:16th century in Poland
1331:Frost, Robert (2015).
1198:12 August 2017 at the
756:russification policies
517:
509:
291:, were a 16th-century
1494:Works about Lithuania
1394:1588 Statute Original
1388:1529 Statute Original
1226:, Part II, Chapter I
1099:Andriulis, Vytautas.
808:Andriulis, Vytautas.
723:Constitution of 3 May
515:
507:
472:Sigismund II Augustus
285:Statutes of Lithuania
1262:3 March 2016 at the
1240:14 June 2018 at the
986:26 June 2022 at the
966:24 June 2021 at the
892:www.belarusguide.com
708:Sobornoye Ulozheniye
652:equalization of laws
575:) were fleeing from
220:Constitution of 1938
215:Constitution of 1928
210:Constitution of 1928
200:Constitution of 1922
160:Casimir's Code, 1468
153:Neminem captivabimus
43:improve this article
1474:Belarusian language
1414:16th century in law
810:"Lietuvos Statutai"
739:Catherine the Great
579:in the neighboring
548:Malleus Maleficarum
480:Lithuanian nobility
457:Augustinus Rotundus
382:Augustinus Rotundus
1489:Works about Poland
1479:Ruthenian language
1135:www.ldkistorija.lt
557:Sigismund III Vasa
530:Ruthenian language
518:
510:
446:Albertas Goštautas
315:, translated into
313:Chancery Ruthenian
1342:978-0-19-820869-3
1300:(in Lithuanian).
1275:Paweł Jasienica,
1137:(in Lithuanian).
1107:(in Lithuanian).
851:(in Lithuanian).
818:(in Lithuanian).
760:November Uprising
581:Tsardom of Russia
534:Cyrillic alphabet
438:Mikołaj Radziwiłł
281:
280:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1501:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1346:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1289:
1280:
1273:
1267:
1254:Paweł Jasienica
1251:
1245:
1209:
1203:
1202:, pg. 417 - 421.
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1054:Makowski, Tomasz
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
977:
971:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
926:
917:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
884:
865:
864:
862:
860:
841:
832:
831:
829:
827:
805:
799:
793:
772:Law of Lithuania
405:
393:
377:
365:
353:
337:Magdeburg Rights
273:
266:
259:
144:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1484:Kievan Rus' law
1404:
1403:
1384:
1371:
1369:
1343:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1298:Jurisprudencija
1290:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1264:Wayback Machine
1256:Polska anarchia
1252:
1248:
1242:Wayback Machine
1210:
1206:
1200:Wayback Machine
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1097:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1020:Wayback Machine
1011:E. Gudavičius,
1009:(in Lithuanian)
1008:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
988:Wayback Machine
978:
974:
968:Wayback Machine
958:
954:
944:
942:
927:
920:
915:
911:
901:
899:
886:
885:
868:
858:
856:
843:
842:
835:
825:
823:
806:
802:
794:
790:
785:
777:Kievan Rus' law
768:
692:under-treasurer
660:coronation sejm
641:
522:Union of Lublin
502:
409:
406:
397:
394:
385:
378:
369:
366:
357:
354:
345:
277:
127:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1383:
1382:External links
1380:
1379:
1378:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1304:(3): 843–858.
1281:
1268:
1246:
1233:Volumina Legum
1228:Koekwacja praw
1204:
1191:Volumina Legum
1182:
1152:
1122:
1088:
1063:
1045:
1023:
1001:
992:
972:
952:
918:
909:
866:
849:IstorijaTau.lt
833:
800:
798:, p. 418.
787:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
774:
767:
764:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
629:
625:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
583:to Lithuania.
573:Andrey Kurbsky
501:
498:
464:King of Poland
411:
410:
407:
400:
398:
395:
388:
386:
379:
372:
370:
367:
360:
358:
355:
348:
344:
341:
279:
278:
276:
275:
268:
261:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
146:
145:
137:
136:
132:
131:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1506:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1224:83-233-1278-8
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1005:
996:
989:
985:
982:
976:
969:
965:
962:
956:
940:
936:
932:
925:
923:
913:
897:
893:
889:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
854:
850:
846:
840:
838:
821:
817:
816:
811:
804:
797:
792:
788:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:election sejm
653:
648:
646:
633:
630:
626:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
582:
578:
574:
568:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
514:
506:
500:Third Statute
497:
495:
491:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
432:
427:
424:
420:
415:
404:
399:
392:
387:
383:
376:
371:
364:
359:
352:
347:
346:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:customary law
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
274:
269:
267:
262:
260:
255:
254:
252:
251:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
154:
150:
149:
148:
147:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
125:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1396:(Ruthenian)
1370:. Retrieved
1368:(3): 221–231
1365:
1358:
1332:
1325:Bibliography
1310:. Retrieved
1301:
1297:
1276:
1271:
1255:
1249:
1232:
1227:
1215:
1207:
1190:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1104:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1026:
1004:
995:
975:
955:
943:. Retrieved
934:
912:
900:. Retrieved
891:
857:. Retrieved
848:
824:. Retrieved
813:
803:
791:
747:Western Krai
720:
704:
691:
683:
675:
663:
651:
649:
642:
585:
569:
565:
561:
546:
543:
519:
487:
484:
461:
454:
442:Casimir Code
428:
422:
418:
416:
412:
293:codification
288:
284:
282:
152:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1449:Legal codes
1212:Jerzy Malec
1175:6 September
1145:17 February
1115:27 December
859:27 December
826:27 December
309:legal codes
297:legislation
295:of all the
1408:Categories
1400:5 Jul 2018
796:Frost 2015
783:References
758:after the
752:Nicholas I
743:Great Sejm
676:chancellor
628:servants).
532:using the
476:Grand Duke
329:Old Slavic
319:and later
155:acts, 1430
69:newspapers
1244:, pg. 12.
700:Ruthenian
688:podskarbi
680:marszałek
577:despotism
526:Ruthenian
452:in 1522.
99:July 2024
1398:Archived
1390:(Polish)
1306:Archived
1260:Archived
1238:Archived
1196:Archived
1169:Archived
1139:Archived
1109:Archived
1016:Archived
984:Archived
964:Archived
959:Я. Юхо.
945:16 March
939:Archived
896:Archived
853:Archived
820:Archived
766:See also
672:kanclerz
622:Szlachta
553:magnates
1312:29 July
1081:21 June
1038:11 June
902:21 June
731:Prussia
727:Austria
696:Sapieha
684:marshal
299:of the
83:scholar
1372:23 May
1339:
1235:Vol. 6
1222:
1193:Vol. 5
712:Poland
686:) and
668:hetman
645:powiat
538:Russia
494:Warsaw
384:, 1576
321:Polish
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
935:Teisė
317:Latin
90:JSTOR
76:books
1374:2024
1359:The
1337:ISBN
1314:2023
1220:ISBN
1177:2017
1147:2018
1117:2023
1083:2021
1040:2024
947:2023
904:2021
861:2023
828:2023
729:and
466:and
423:diet
283:The
62:news
1165:LRT
678:),
492:in
45:by
1410::
1364:.
1357:.
1302:19
1296:.
1284:^
1230:.
1214:,
1163:.
1133:.
1103:.
1091:^
1074:.
933:.
921:^
894:.
890:.
869:^
847:.
836:^
812:.
762:.
733:,
670:,
496:.
470:,
335:,
327:,
1376:.
1366:I
1345:.
1316:.
1266:.
1179:.
1149:.
1119:.
1085:.
1042:.
949:.
906:.
863:.
830:.
690:(
682:(
674:(
624:)
272:e
265:t
258:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)