Stoat - Knowledge

2373: 42: 2170: 2389: 2366:, with no less than half the global catch coming from within its borders. The Soviet Union also contained the highest grades of stoat pelts, with the best grade North American pelts being comparable only to the 9th grade in the quality criteria of former Soviet stoat standards. Stoat harvesting never became a specialty in any Soviet republic, with most stoats being captured incidentally in traps or near villages. Stoats in the Soviet Union were captured either with dogs or with box-traps or jaw-traps. Guns were rarely used, as they could damage the pelt. 1444:

and 65–106 mm (2.6–4.2 in) in females. In males, the hind foot measures 40.0–48.2 mm (1.57–1.90 in), while in females it is 37.0–47.6 mm (1.46–1.87 in). The height of the ear measures 18.0–23.2 mm (0.71–0.91 in) in males and 14.0–23.3 mm (0.55–0.92 in). The skulls of males measure 39.3–52.2 mm (1.55–2.06 in) in length, while those of females measure 35.7–45.8 mm (1.41–1.80 in). Males average 258 g (9.1 oz) in weight, while females weigh less than 180 g (6.3 oz).

1472: 1427: 363: 102: 660: 1070: 785: 1664: 1595: 4161: 4151: 1173: 77: 1398: 595: 226: 1484:, starts earlier in autumn and later in spring at higher latitudes. In the stoat's northern range, it adopts a completely white coat (save for the black tail-tip) during the winter period. Differences in the winter and summer coats are less apparent in southern forms of the species. In the species' southern range, the coat remains brown, but is denser and sometimes paler than in summer. 1569:. The warnings were ignored and stoats began to be introduced from Britain in the 1880s, resulting in a noticeable decline in bird populations within six years. Stoats are a serious threat to ground- and hole-nesting birds, since the latter have very few means of escaping predation. The highest rates of stoat predation occur after seasonal gluts in southern 2340:, which depicts an ermine being pursued by a hunter and two hounds, is entitled "Cui candor morte redemptus" ("Purity Bought with His Own Death"). Peacham goes on to preach that men and women should follow the example of the ermine and keep their minds and consciences as pure as the legendary ermine keeps its fur. 1797: 1807:

The stoat is an opportunistic predator that moves rapidly and checks every available burrow or crevice for food. Because of their larger size, male stoats are less successful than females in pursuing rodents far into tunnels. Stoats regularly climb trees to gain access to birds' nests, and are common

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as animals with families, which held rituals for their dead. They were also viewed as noxious animals prone to thieving, and their saliva was said to be able to poison a grown man. To encounter a stoat when setting out for a journey was considered bad luck, but one could avert this by greeting the

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The winter fur is very dense and silky, but quite closely lying and short, while the summer fur is rougher, shorter and sparse. In summer, the fur is sandy-brown on the back and head and a white below. The division between the dark back and the light belly is usually straight, though this trait is

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in size is pronounced, with males being roughly 25% larger than females and 1.5-2.0 times their weight. On average, males measure 187–325 mm (7.4–12.8 in) in body length, while females measure 170–270 mm (6.7–10.6 in). The tail measures 75–120 mm (3.0–4.7 in) in males

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The stoat does not dig its own burrows, instead using the burrows and nest chambers of the rodents it kills. The skins and underfur of rodent prey are used to line the nest chamber. The nest chamber is sometimes located in seemingly unsuitable places, such as among logs piled against the walls of

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The stoat is a usually silent animal, but can produce a range of sounds similar to those of the least weasel. Kits produce a fine chirping noise. Adults trill excitedly before mating, and indicate submission through quiet trilling, whining and squealing. When nervous, the stoat hisses, and will

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Stoat territoriality has a generally mustelid spacing pattern, with male territories encompassing smaller female territories, which they defend from other males. The size of the territory and the ranging behaviour of its occupants varies seasonally, depending on the abundance of food and mates.

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is therefore variable but typically around 300 days, and after mating in the summer, the offspring will not be born until the following spring – adult female stoats spend almost all their lives either pregnant or in heat. Females can reabsorb embryos and in the event of a severe winter they may

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The stoat is similar to the least weasel in general proportions, manner of posture, and movement, though the tail is relatively longer, always exceeding a third of the body length, though it is shorter than that of the long-tailed weasel. The stoat has an elongated neck, the head being set

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exceptionally far in front of the shoulders. The trunk is nearly cylindrical, and does not bulge at the abdomen. The greatest circumference of body is little more than half its length. The skull, although very similar to that of the least weasel, is relatively longer, with a narrower

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only present in 13.5% of Irish stoats. The stoat moults twice a year. In spring, the moult is slow, starting from the forehead, across the back, toward the belly. In autumn, the moult is quicker, progressing in the reverse direction. The moult, initiated by

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One popular European legend had it that a white stoat would die before allowing its pure white coat to be besmirched. When it was being chased by hunters, it would supposedly turn around and give itself up to the hunters rather than risk soiling itself.

1651:, so they huddle for warmth when the mother is absent. Males become sexually mature at 10–11 months, while females are sexually mature at the age of 2–3 weeks whilst still blind, deaf and hairless, and are usually mated with adult males before being 1414:

are brown or white in colour, and very long. The ears are short, rounded and lie almost flattened against the skull. The claws are not retractable, and are large in proportion to the digits. Each foot has five toes. The male stoat has a curved

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During the breeding season, the ranges of females remain unchanged, while males either become roamers, strayers or transients. Dominant older males have territories 50 times larger than those of younger, socially inferior males. Both sexes

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during the late 19th century to control rabbits and hares, but are now a major threat to native bird populations. The introduction of stoats was opposed by scientists in New Zealand and Britain, including the New Zealand ornithologist

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nests. Males and females typically live apart, but close to each other. Each stoat has several dens dispersed within its range. A single den has several galleries, mainly within 30 cm (12 in) of the surface.

1830:, as overweight stoats tend to be at a disadvantage when pursuing prey into their burrows. Small prey typically die instantly from a bite to the back of the neck, while larger prey, such as rabbits, typically die of 1281:

of small, burrowing rodents. The stoat's ancestors were larger than the current form, and underwent a reduction in size as they exploited the new food source. The stoat first arose in Eurasia, shortly after the

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The dimensions of the stoat are variable, but not as significantly as the least weasel's. Unusual among the Carnivora, the size of stoats tends to decrease proportionally with latitude, in contradiction to

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houses. The stoat also inhabits old and rotting stumps, under tree roots, in heaps of brushwood, haystacks, in bog hummocks, in the cracks of vacant mud buildings, in rock piles, rock clefts, and even in

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A large subspecies, with a dark yellowish-brown summer coat, a deep yellow underbelly and a massive skull; it resembles the Eurasian stoat subspecies more closely than any other American stoat subspecies

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inspired by the winter coat of the stoat and painted onto other furs, such as rabbit. In Europe these furs are a symbol of royalty and high status. The ceremonial robes of members of the United Kingdom

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Stoat skins are prized by the fur trade, especially in winter coat, and used to trim coats and stoles. The fur from the winter coat is referred to as ermine and is the traditional ancient symbol of the

3858: 1459:, are chemically distinct from the products of the anal scent glands, which contain a higher proportion of volatile chemicals. When attacked or being aggressive, the stoat secretes the contents of its 1300:, as its small size and long body allowed it to easily operate beneath snow, as well as hunt in burrows. The stoat and the long-tailed weasel remained separated until 500,000 years ago, when falling 746:

A small subspecies; it has a very light, straw-brownish or greyish coat, which is short and soft. Light spots, sometimes forming a collar, are present on the neck. It does not turn white in winter.

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and water voles, though rats may be an important food source locally. In Ireland, shrews and rats are frequently eaten. In mainland Europe, water voles make up a large portion of the stoat's diet.

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is deposited primarily along the spine and kidneys, then on gut mesenteries, under the limbs and around the shoulders. The stoat has four pairs of nipples, though they are visible only in females.

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SAWARA, Yuji, Muneki SAKUYAMA, and Gen DEMACHI. "Diets and foraging site utilization of the Grey Heron, Ardea cinerea, in the breeding season." Japanese Journal of Ornithology 43.2 (1994): 61–71.

1378:) was formerly considered its closest relative although more recent analyses have found it to be significantly more derived. It was also previously thought to be allied with members of the genus 802:. It is distinguished by the irregular pattern on the dividing line between the dark and pale fur on the flanks, though 13.5% of Irish stoats exhibit the more typical straight dividing line. 3848: 3323: 3576: 1757:

epidemic. Typically, male stoats prey on rabbits more frequently than females do, which depend to a greater extent on smaller rodent species. British stoats rarely kill shrews,

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range throughout North America, Europe, and Asia. The stoat in Europe is found as far south as 41ºN in Portugal, and inhabits most islands with the exception of Iceland,

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measuring 8.5 mm × 5 mm (0.33 in × 0.20 in) in males and smaller in females. Scent glands are also present on the cheeks, belly and flanks.

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British mammals; an attempt to describe and illustrate the mammalian fauna of the British islands from the commencement of the Pleistocene period down to the present day

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in the late 19th century to control rabbits, but had a devastating effect on native bird populations and was nominated as one of the world's top 100 "worst invaders".

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Korpimäki, Erkki, and Kai Norrdahl. "Avian predation on mustelids in Europe 1: occurrence and effects on body size variation and life traits." Oikos (1989): 205–215.

2500: 1410:. The projections of the skull and teeth are weakly developed, but stronger than those of the least weasel. The eyes are round, black and protrude slightly. The 1573:(beechnuts), which enable the reproduction of rodents on which stoats also feed, enabling stoats to increase their own numbers. For instance, the endangered 1277:. The stoat is the product of a process that began 5–7 million years ago, when northern forests were replaced by open grassland, thus prompting an explosive 3237: 2570:

Colella, Jocelyn P.; Frederick, Lindsey M.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Cook, Joseph A. (2021). "Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (

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reabsorb their entire litter. Males play no part in rearing the young, which are born blind, deaf, toothless and covered in fine white or pinkish down. The

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erupt after three weeks, and solid food is eaten after four weeks. The eyes open after five to six weeks, with the black tail-tip appearing a week later.

1634:, meaning that the embryo does not immediately implant in the uterus after fertilization, but rather lies dormant for a period of nine to ten months. The 1525: 1516:(primarily above 1,200 m) and Hokkaido. Its vertical range is from sea level to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). In North America, it is found throughout 404:, the word "ermine" is likely derived from Armenia, the nation where it was thought the species originated, though other authors have linked it to the 2356: 1753:

are an important food source, with the frequency in which stoats prey on them having increased between the 1960s and mid 1990s since the end of the

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raiders of nest boxes, particularly those of large species. The stoat reputedly mesmerises prey such as rabbits by a "dance" (sometimes called the

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does not occur), the stoat is referred to as a weasel, while in North America it is called a short-tailed weasel. A male stoat is called a

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infections. The stoat seeks to immobilize large prey such as rabbits with a bite to the spine at the back of the neck. The stoat may

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Submissive stoats express their status by avoiding higher-ranking animals, fleeing from them or making whining or squealing sounds.

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of the Catholic Church still wear ecclesiastical garments featuring ermine (a sign of their status equal to that of the nobility).

3871: 1463:, giving rise to a strong, musky odour produced by several sulphuric compounds. The odour is distinct from that of least weasels. 9911: 1618:

occurs in December, and the males are fertile from May to August, after which the testes regress. Female stoats are usually only

3840: 3556: 1793:. The stoat typically eats about 50 g (1.8 oz) of food a day, which is equivalent to 25% of the animal's live weight. 1769:

are sometimes taken, but are usually young specimens. In New Zealand, the stoat feeds principally on birds, including the rare

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such as the long-tailed weasel, but as those species have since been separated into a new genus, this is likely not the case.

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As with the least weasel, mouse-like rodents predominate in the stoat's diet. It regularly preys on larger rodent and

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Our otherness: Finno-Ugrian approaches to women's studies, or vice versa, Volume 2 of Finno-Ugrian studies in Austria

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Noncontact approach, which is sometimes accompanied by a threat display and vocalization from the approached animal

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species, and takes individuals far larger than itself. In Russia, its prey includes rodents and lagomorphs such as

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Forward thrust, accompanied by a sharp shriek, which is usually done by stoats defending a nest or retreat site

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has been recorded in stoats inhabiting the former Soviet Union and New Zealand. They are largely resistant to

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are traditionally trimmed with ermine. In practice, rabbit or fake fur is now often used due to expense or

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religion, the stoat is considered a sacred animal, as its white winter coat represented purity. Similarly,

1577:'s wild population dropped by a third between 2006 and 2007, after a stoat plague triggered by the 2005–06 9950: 9898: 9768: 8120: 5323: 3111: 853:. The colour of the summer coat is relatively light, with varying intensities of browning-yellow tinges. 41: 9773: 9585: 9241: 4164: 3982: 7607: 2184: 10004: 9723: 6446: 4105: 2333: 2061: 1721:

and others, which it overpowers in their burrows. Prey species of secondary importance include small

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The encyclopedia of Celtic mythology and folklore: Facts on File library of religion and mythology

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mountains, Afghanistan, India, western Tibet and the adjacent parts of the Tien Shan in China

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stoat as a neighbour. Stoats were also supposed to hold the souls of infants who died before

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Formerly considered a single species with a very wide circumpolar range, a 2021 study split

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is recorded in stoats living in Canada, Ireland and New Zealand. In continental Europe, 26

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Stoat (left) and least weasel (right) pelts—note the stoat's larger size and black tail-tip

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In the Northern Hemisphere, mating occurs in the April–July period. In spring, the male's

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associated with their prey and the nests of other animals on which they do not prey. The

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Encyclopedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World, Volume 2

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intersperse this with sharp barks or shrieks and prolonged screeching when aggressive.

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Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)

3671:. Illustrations by Consie Powell (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 10038: 9781: 9342: 9259: 9039: 8535: 8502: 7426: 6933: 6655: 6437: 6291: 6165: 6049: 5402: 5232: 5190: 5137: 4917: 4899: 4657: 4007: 3795: 3763: 3756: 3740: 3734: 3719: 3682: 3672: 3655: 3640: 3553: 3505: 3485: 3462: 3442: 3090: 2947: 2646: 2642: 2603: 2476: 2427: 2329: 2319: 2294: 2290: 2283: 2173: 2147: 2015: 1895: 1778: 1440: 957: 500: 409: 339:

cape. It has long been used on the ceremonial robes of members of the United Kingdom

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A small-to-medium-sized subspecies with a relatively short and broad facial region

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The mythical zoo: an encyclopedia of animals in world myth, legend, and literature

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Nest occupation, when a stoat appropriates the nesting site of a weaker individual

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was depicted as wearing a white stoat pelt as a sign of her reformed character.

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Fleming, Melissa A.; Cook, Joseph A. (2002). "Phylogeography of endemic ermine (

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and decreases fertility. Other nematode species known to infect stoats include

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in France uses a stylized ermine-fur pattern in forming the coat of arms and

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ends after 12 weeks. Prior to the age of five to seven weeks, kits have poor

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The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats: Ecology, Behavior, and Management

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islands. In Japan, it is present in central mountains (northern and central

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Kotia, A.; Angmo, K.; Bharti, R. R.; Adhikari, B. S.; Rawat, G. S. (2011).

2650: 2379: 2363: 2351:, both of which inhabited the Tlingit's territory) were also valued by the 2107: 2009: 1973: 1954: 1931: 1611: 1607: 1493: 1426: 1331: 1274: 495: 437: 397: 241: 10064: 9963: 9872: 9717: 9217: 8408: 8325: 8298: 8047: 7961: 7893: 7819: 7810: 7777: 7735: 7700: 7417: 7310: 7142: 6682: 6594: 6502: 6147: 5720: 5540: 5205: 5119: 5102: 5079: 5042: 4926: 4890: 4735: 4524: 4379: 4258: 2271: 2213: 2124: 1796: 1770: 1754: 1561: 1481: 1448: 988: 869: 806: 562: 9760: 3116:) in southern Fiordland during the decline phase of the beechmast cycle" 1594: 885: 10017: 9851: 9426: 8672: 8603: 8590: 8557: 8343: 8081: 7841: 7389: 7366: 7252: 7243: 7192: 7157: 7133: 6897: 6796: 6745: 6691: 6673: 6646: 6553: 6503: 5902: 5875: 5803: 5786: 5549: 5522: 5368: 5272: 5256: 5092: 4972: 4812: 4648: 4515: 4307: 4275: 4259: 1939: 1685: 1640: 1460: 1246: 1172: 873: 753: 512: 163: 2595: 2274:

transforms into an ermine to demonstrate his shapeshifting abilities.

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A moderately sized subspecies with dark, tawny or chestnut summer fur

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is particularly threatening to stoats, as it erodes the bones of the

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Puzachenko, A.Yu.; Titov, V.V.; Kosintsev, P.A. (20 December 2021).

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A very small subspecies with a light chestnut-coloured summer coat

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for a brief period, which is triggered by changes in day length.

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analyses indicate the stoat's closest living relatives are the

1311: 673: 173: 143: 123: 1630:, with litters often being of mixed paternity. Stoats undergo 1265:, a common carnivore in central and eastern Europe during the 1201:

A small subspecies with a coffee to reddish-tawny summer coat

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Fur-bearing Animals: A Monograph of North American Mustelidae

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Aggressive behavior in stoats is categorized in these forms:

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This article is about the animal. For the sewing stitch, see

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American Association For The Advancement Of Science (2003).

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American actress Alice Maison shown wearing ermine fur in a

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BBC Wildlife finder including video footage and sound files

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when the opportunity arises, though excess prey is usually

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with a proximal knob that increases in weight as it ages.

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The stoat was a fundamental item in the fur trade of the

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East Siberian stoat (known locally as Ezo stoat in Japan)

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wiped out more than half the takahē in untrapped areas.

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and some islands in southeast Alaska, it is replaced by

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A moderately sized subspecies with less dense fur than

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Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (2018-01-01).

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are enlarged, a process accompanied by an increase of

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The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores

2475:. UK: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. 317: 311: 3755: 3240:." Animal Reproduction Science 60 (2000): 571–581. 3109: 1204:The northern slope of the middle part of the main 845:A moderately sized subspecies. It is smaller than 343:. It was also used in capes on images such as the 3110:Purdey, D. C.; King, C. M.; Lawrence, B. (2004). 2357:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 2261:(and is popular among French people in general). 1987:species are recorded to infest stoats, including 10097: 5653: 3881:Smithsonian Institution—North American Mammals: 3129:(3). The Royal Society of New Zealand: 205–225. 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 431: 3732: 3596: 3573:"Tlingit Ermine-Skin Shirt (Daa dugu k'oodas')" 3390: 3366: 3309: 3285: 3203:Reproduction in the male stoat, Mustela erminea 3072: 3039: 3003: 2979: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2729: 2705: 2322:is depicted holding an ermine in her portrait, 2065:. Louse species known to infest stoats include 1589: 1338:), the latter of which partially descends from 1269:, that spread to North America during the late 1230:A large subspecies; it is somewhat larger than 987:The mountains of southern Siberia eastwards to 3236:Amstislavsky, Sergei, and Yulia Ternovskaya. " 2923: 2451:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29674A45203335.en 1549: 1292:), arose as its mirror image in North America 6517: 4358: 4191: 3912: 3787: 3378: 2556: 1938:). Although not classified as birds of prey, 1789:. Cases are known of stoats preying on young 4205: 3634: 3425: 3354: 3297: 3273: 3060: 3024: 2964: 2784: 2550: 2304:academic hoods of the universities of Oxford 1812:), though this behaviour could be linked to 391: 385: 374:for "stoat" is likely either the Dutch word 3665:King, Carolyn M.; Powell, Roger A. (2007). 3619:. St. Louis: C. P. Curran printing company. 2616: 2497:"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Species" 1626:can last as long as 1 hour. Stoats are not 1487: 375: 4378: 4198: 4184: 3919: 3905: 3788:Verts, B. J.; Carraway, Leslie N. (1998). 3664: 3261: 3249: 3224: 224: 75: 40: 8601: 5090: 4273: 3753: 3134: 3089:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press. 2941: 2862: 2449: 2191: 1949: 1185:Great Britain; introduced to New Zealand 6947: 3780:Synopsis of the weasels of North America 3733:Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). 3653: 3639:(4th Revised ed.). Mammal Society. 3519: 3517: 3457:Daniels, Cora Linn & Stevans, C. M. 3035: 3033: 2917: 2795: 2793: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2538: 2426:Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; Kranz, A. (2016). 2168: 1795: 1662: 1593: 1584: 1470: 1425: 1396: 361: 6021: 4784: 4305: 3776: 3635:Harris, Stephen; Yalden, Derek (2008). 3421: 3419: 3417: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3220: 3218: 3173:"Stoats decimating takahe in Fiordland" 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2975: 2973: 2834: 2832: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2717: 2145:species known to infect stoats include 2079:species known to infest stoats include 1455:secretions, which are deposited during 1342:. It is basal to most other members of 1314:stoat remains have been recovered from 960:, along the eastern coast of Kamchatka 10098: 9114: 7350: 3859:Fiordland Islands NZ stoat eradication 3713: 3704: 3535:from the original on February 12, 2022 2856: 2850: 2838: 2534: 2532: 2519: 2517: 2421: 2419: 2417: 487:(Eurasia and northern North America), 9684: 9683: 8588: 8045: 7349: 6501: 5636: 5077: 4257: 4179: 3900: 3783:. Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off. 3623: 3612: 3590: 3514: 3384: 3360: 3303: 3279: 3212:." Reproduction 41.2 (1974): 303–312. 3030: 2991: 2817: 2805: 2790: 2723: 2694: 2523: 2499:. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 1182:Larger than mainland European stoats 991:and the contiguous parts of Mongolia 10083:FD5CCC88-124E-49F7-9058-0A1F53DA0206 10005:7b6da1f9-4498-4453-bb24-4048bcca3285 9839:e76c47d4-fc5a-4c34-b4a7-c97fd0f58631 3716:Pleistocene mammals of North America 3414: 3372: 3341: 3291: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3215: 3201:Gulamhusein, A. P., and W. H. Tam. " 3183:from the original on 24 October 2012 3084: 3066: 3045: 3009: 2997: 2985: 2970: 2958: 2913:– via Elsevier Science Direct. 2905:from the original on 11 January 2024 2844: 2829: 2773: 2744:"A record of the little-known Stoat 2574:spp.) produces an insular endemic". 1659:Territorial and sheltering behaviour 10106:IUCN Red List least concern species 5568:South African small-spotted genet ( 2711: 2544: 2529: 2514: 2465: 2437:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2414: 2394:Thea Sternheim, wife of playwright 2043:species known to infest stoats are 1874:Larger mammalian predators such as 13: 3794:. University of California Press. 2264:In the 16th century Chinese novel 2235:The former nation (now region) of 1237:Western Siberia, eastwards to the 1003:Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951 791:Thomas and Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 14: 10162: 5912:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3821: 3654:Johnston, Harry Hamilton (1903). 3461:(2003), The Minerva Group, Inc., 3441:, page 426, Infobase Publishing, 2665: 2473:Shorter Oxford English dictionary 1961:, but are reputed to suffer from 1286:, which is in a different genus ( 610:(except for the Kola Peninsula), 5637: 4160: 4159: 4150: 4149: 2643:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01472.x 2387: 2371: 1837: 1370:) weasels being more basal. The 1261:The stoat's direct ancestor was 1171: 1068: 783: 658: 593: 307: 100: 8046: 5078: 3808:from the original on 2024-03-05 3693:from the original on 2024-03-05 3605: 3579:from the original on 2013-05-13 3565: 3547: 3494: 3471: 3451: 3431: 3405: 3396: 3330:from the original on 2016-09-05 3315: 3230: 3195: 3165: 3154:from the original on 2022-10-09 3103: 3078: 2868: 2762:from the original on 2023-01-19 2735: 2683:from the original on 2020-10-28 2503:from the original on 2011-01-03 2253:("The White Ermine") became an 1946:) are known to prey on stoats. 1667:Stoat nesting in a hollow tree. 1296:. The stoat thrived during the 676:, northwestern Canada, and the 426:). This seems to come from the 335:, who sometimes used it as the 8589: 4132:Cultural depictions of weasels 3777:Merriam, Clinton Hart (1896). 3123:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2610: 2489: 1387: 1: 5324:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3718:. Columbia University Press. 3707:Pleistocene mammals of Europe 3630:. Government Printing Office. 3136:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518373 2403: 2164: 849:, with close similarities to 506: 493:(most of North America), and 452:, while a female is called a 10126:Carnivorans of North America 9586:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 9242:North American river otter ( 8130:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 5184:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3637:Mammals of the British Isles 3554:The Minerva Britanna Project 2899:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.038 2752:Small Carnivore Conservation 2408: 1894:can take stoats, from small 1869: 1590:Reproduction and development 1560:Stoats were introduced into 1256: 392: 357: 289:and the northern regions of 7: 10146:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6447:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3926: 3597:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3391:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3367:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3310:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3286:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3073:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3040:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 3004:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2980:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2824:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2812:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2800:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2730:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2706:Heptner & Sludskii 2002 2576:Diversity and Distributions 1550:Introduction to New Zealand 1234:, with long and dense fur. 1014:(Martino and Martino, 1930) 471: 396:, "to push"). According to 352:introduced into New Zealand 10: 10167: 9400:Asian small-clawed otter ( 8139:American hog-nosed skunk ( 8121:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 6429:Angolan slender mongoose ( 6124:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 5173:Small-toothed palm civet ( 4165:Category:Fictional weasels 3983:Indonesian mountain weasel 3854:Stoat 'playing'(?) in snow 3709:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 3437:Monaghan, Patricia (2004) 2281: 2277: 1965:in captivity. Symptoms of 1553: 386: 18: 10141:Mammals described in 1758 9692: 9485: 9434: 9425: 9379: 9355: 9322: 9305: 9281: 9230: 9213: 9196: 9167:Saharan striped polecat ( 9155: 9138: 9097: 9052: 9035: 9026: 9017: 8918: 8894: 8870: 8853: 8844: 8767: 8712: 8670: 8653: 8629: 8612: 8597: 8584: 8556: 8515: 8482: 8465: 8406: 8356: 8323: 8306: 8297: 8234: 8193: 8160: 8148:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 8101: 8080: 8058: 8054: 8041: 7977: 7960: 7919: 7891: 7879:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7874: 7840: 7790: 7757: 7722: 7713: 7687: 7670: 7651: 7608:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7572:South American fur seal ( 7560: 7543: 7519: 7507:South American sea lion ( 7502: 7465: 7448: 7439: 7415: 7387: 7365: 7361: 7345: 7309: 7282: 7273: 7214: 7188: 7179: 7155: 7131: 7116: 7105: 7006: 6980: 6932: 6889:South American gray fox ( 6859: 6833: 6809: 6792: 6777: 6762: 6625: 6592: 6575: 6566: 6533: 6513: 6497: 6465:Common slender mongoose ( 6417: 6375: 6331: 6235: 6209: 6200: 6145: 6112: 6095: 6062: 6045: 6012: 5991: 5950: 5938:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5933: 5900: 5883: 5874: 5837: 5811: 5802: 5785: 5769: 5733: 5707: 5692: 5668: 5649: 5645: 5632: 5600: 5596: 5460:Crested servaline genet ( 5415: 5376: 5367: 5312: 5286: 5271: 5249: 5203: 5159: 5150: 5101: 5086: 5073: 5041: 4943: 4879: 4862: 4853: 4825: 4808: 4775: 4724: 4637: 4600: 4583: 4574: 4537: 4513: 4504: 4488: 4420: 4387: 4374: 4354: 4301: 4284: 4269: 4253: 4215: 4145: 4114: 4093: 4046: 3941: 3934: 3849:Stoat control information 3754:Macdonald, David (1992). 3379:Verts & Carraway 1998 3238:Reproduction in mustelids 2746:Mustela erminea ferghanae 2062:Haemaphysalis longicornis 1993:Megabothris rectangulatus 1989:Rhadinospylla pentacantha 1972:Stoats are vulnerable to 1969:have also been recorded. 1826:and eaten later to avoid 1447:The stoat has large anal 499:(several islands off the 232: 223: 202: 195: 97:Scientific classification 95: 73: 64: 48: 39: 34: 9523:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 9391:African clawless otter ( 9143:African striped weasel ( 8956:Yellow-throated marten ( 8832:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8536:Western mountain coati ( 8527:Eastern mountain coati ( 8444:Western lowland olingo ( 8426:Eastern lowland olingo ( 8254:Southern spotted skunk ( 7948:Southern elephant seal ( 7939:Northern elephant seal ( 7729:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6506:("dog-like" carnivorans) 6319:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5940:Mungotictis decemlineata 4815:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 4262:("cat-like" carnivorans) 3426:Harris & Yalden 2008 3355:Harris & Yalden 2008 3298:Harris & Yalden 2008 3274:Harris & Yalden 2008 3061:Harris & Yalden 2008 3025:Harris & Yalden 2008 2965:Harris & Yalden 2008 2882:Quaternary International 2785:Harris & Yalden 2008 2621:) in southeast Alaska". 2551:Harris & Yalden 2008 2082:Neotrombicula autumnalis 1488:Distribution and habitat 1392: 691:(Barrett-Hamilton, 1904) 436:. In Ireland (where the 295:circumpolar distribution 9568:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8823:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8805:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8796:Bornean ferret badger ( 8787:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 8272:Eastern spotted skunk ( 8263:Western spotted skunk ( 7993:Leptonychotes weddellii 7635:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7581:Australasian fur seal ( 6405:Black-footed mongoose ( 6387:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 6336:White-tailed mongoose ( 6274:Indian brown mongoose ( 6256:Short-tailed mongoose ( 6247:Small Indian mongoose ( 6184:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 6157:Alexander's kusimanse ( 6133:Common dwarf mongoose ( 6100:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5962:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5921:Grandidier's mongoose ( 5175:Arctogalidia trivirgata 4399:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3624:Coues, Elliott (1877). 3525:"A house of traditions" 2677:www.mammaldiversity.org 2398:, wearing an ermine hat 2267:Investiture of the Gods 2212:In the folklore of the 2185:National Museum, Kraków 2037:Ctenopsyllus bidentatus 2029:Parapsyllus n. nestoris 2005:Ctenophthalamus nobilis 1783:yellow-crowned parakeet 1700: 1504:islands and some small 1179:Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 1115:Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 422: 413: 25:Ermine (disambiguation) 9409:Congo clawless otter ( 9312:Hydrictis maculicollis 9310:Spotted-necked otter ( 9269:Southern river otter ( 9220:Pteronura brasiliensis 8983:European pine marten ( 8494:South American coati ( 8222:Palawan stink badger ( 7548:New Zealand sea lion ( 6613:Japanese raccoon dog ( 6310:Crab-eating mongoose ( 6265:Indian grey mongoose ( 5888:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5699:(bone-crushing hyenas) 5394:Central African oyan ( 4955:Chinese mountain cat ( 3791:Land Mammals of Oregon 3762:. New York: Parkwest. 3714:Kurtén, Björn (1980). 3705:Kurtén, Björn (1968). 3613:Ahern, Albert (1922). 3484:, LIT Verlag Münster, 3262:King & Powell 2007 3250:King & Powell 2007 3225:King & Powell 2007 3085:King, Carolyn (1984). 2673:"Explore the Database" 2192:Folklore and mythology 2188: 2153:Mesocestoides lineatus 2120:Skrjabingylus nasicola 2099:Gymnolaelaps annectans 2033:Amphipsylla kuznetzovi 2025:Ceratophyllus gallinae 2010:Dasypsyllus gallinulae 2001:Spilopsyllus ciniculus 1950:Diseases and parasites 1804: 1674:mark their territories 1668: 1599: 1512:) to northern part of 1476: 1466: 1431: 1402: 432: 376: 367: 345:Infant Jesus of Prague 293:. Because of its wide 233:Stoat range (includes 23:. For other uses, see 10121:Carnivorans of Europe 10052:Paleobiology Database 9649:Back-striped weasel ( 9595:Black-footed ferret ( 9367:Smooth-coated otter ( 9145:Poecilogale albinucha 8814:Javan ferret-badger ( 8700:Sumatran hog badger ( 8682:Northern hog badger ( 8376:Crab-eating raccoon ( 8281:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 8002:Lobodon carcinophagus 7738:Histriophoca fasciata 7531:Australian sea lion ( 7477:California sea lion ( 7226:American black bear ( 6968:Black-backed jackal ( 6959:Side-striped jackal ( 6799:Chrysocyon brachyurus 6223:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5496:Rusty-spotted genet ( 5333:Large-spotted civet ( 5182:Sulawesi palm civet ( 5111:Owston's palm civet ( 4685:Andean mountain cat ( 4106:Polecat–ferret hybrid 4038:Yellow-bellied weasel 3660:. London, Hutchinson. 2943:10.1093/sysbio/syx047 2444:: e.T29674A45203335. 2200:, stoats were viewed 2172: 2108:Listrophorus mustelae 2016:Nosopsyllus fasciatus 1799: 1666: 1610:concentration in the 1597: 1585:Behaviour and ecology 1556:Stoats in New Zealand 1475:A stoat in winter fur 1474: 1429: 1400: 460:for stoats is either 365: 273:), also known as the 9834:Fauna Europaea (new) 9464:Long-tailed weasel ( 9042:Lyncodon patagonicus 8691:Greater hog badger ( 8213:Sunda stink badger ( 7903:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7626:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7599:Antarctic fur seal ( 7590:Galápagos fur seal ( 7486:Galápagos sea lion ( 6604:Common raccoon dog ( 6456:Cape gray mongoose ( 6396:Jackson's mongoose ( 6356:Paracynictis selousi 6347:Cynictis penicillata 5971:Durrell's vontsira ( 5559:Giant forest genet ( 5351:Large Indian civet ( 5291:Small Indian civet ( 4900:Sunda leopard cat ( 4676:Southern tiger cat ( 4612:African golden cat ( 4289:African palm civet ( 4137:Weasel and Aphrodite 3599:, pp. 1029–1030 3531:. January 19, 1999. 3288:, pp. 1021–1022 2885:. 605–606: 155–191. 2139:Strongyloides martes 1981:Trichodectes erminea 1787:New Zealand dotterel 1749:. In Great Britain, 1711:European water voles 587:Middle Russian stoat 524:Trinomial authority 480:into three species: 402:Display of Heraldrie 10116:Carnivorans of Asia 10111:Arctic land animals 9507:M. aistoodonnivalis 9343:Hairy-nosed otter ( 9260:Neotropical otter ( 9040:Patagonian weasel ( 8503:White-nosed coati ( 7703:Cystophora cristata 7694:Erignathus barbatus 7427:Northern fur seal ( 7204:Helarctos malayanus 6840:Atelocynus microtis 6547:U. cinereoargenteus 6438:Egyptian mongoose ( 6365:Rhynchogale melleri 6363:Meller's mongoose ( 6354:Selous's mongoose ( 6338:Ichneumia albicauda 6292:Collared mongoose ( 6166:Angolan kusimanse ( 6050:Liberian mongoose ( 5403:West African oyan ( 5302:Civettictis civetta 5233:Golden palm civet ( 5191:Masked palm civet ( 5166:Arctictis binturong 5140:Hemigalus derbyanus 5138:Banded palm civet ( 5129:Hose's palm civet ( 4918:Rusty-spotted cat ( 4101:Polecat–mink hybrid 3963:Black-footed ferret 3958:Back-striped weasel 2891:2021QuInt.605..155P 2748:from Ladakh, India" 2635:2002MolEc..11..795F 2588:2021DivDi..27..747C 2325:Lady with an Ermine 2202:anthropomorphically 2179:Lady with an Ermine 2103:Hypoaspis nidicorva 2094:Eulaelaps stabulans 1924:Eurasian eagle-owls 1745:. It also preys on 1575:South Island takahē 1294:2 million years ago 1055:Govi-Altai Province 798:, but smaller than 545:Nominate subspecies 305:. The name ermine ( 67:Conservation status 9622:European polecat ( 9455:Colombian weasel ( 9105:(African polecats) 8733:Caucasian badger ( 8661:(Eurasian badgers) 8111:(hog-nosed skunks) 7848:("southern seals") 7747:Halichoerus grypus 7678:("northern seals") 7550:Phocarctos hookeri 7455:Eumetopias jubatus 7453:Steller sea lion ( 7235:Asian black bear ( 6985:African wild dog ( 6939:(wolf-like canids) 6216:Atilax paludinosus 6175:Common kusimanse ( 6102:Dologale dybowskii 6074:Gambian mongoose ( 5858:Western falanouc ( 5849:Eastern falanouc ( 5818:Cryptoprocta ferox 5723:Parahyaena brunnea 5478:Johnston's genet ( 5433:Abyssinian genet ( 5385:(African linsangs) 5293:Viverricula indica 5224:Brown palm civet ( 5215:Asian palm civet ( 5122:Cynogale bennettii 5113:Chrotogale owstoni 5009:European wildcat ( 5000:Black-footed cat ( 4590:Leptailurus serval 4558:Asian golden cat ( 4324:(Asiatic linsangs) 4068:Long-tailed weasel 3889:Smithsonian Wild: 3874:2012-07-31 at the 3559:2003-04-18 at the 3500:Sax, Boria (2001) 3276:, pp. 464–465 3252:, pp. 209–210 3208:2022-08-06 at the 3063:, pp. 460–461 2994:, pp. 117–121 2930:Systematic Biology 2841:, pp. 101–102 2526:, pp. 124–125 2250:La Blanche Hermine 2189: 2148:Taenia tenuicollis 2130:Capillaria putorii 2072:Polyplax spinulosa 2021:Leptospylla segnis 1896:northern hawk-owls 1805: 1733:and, more rarely, 1669: 1632:embryonic diapause 1600: 1477: 1432: 1403: 1306:Bering land bridge 1284:long-tailed weasel 1267:Middle Pleistocene 1263:Mustela palerminea 947:M. e. karaginensis 678:Arctic Archipelago 368: 297:, it is listed as 281:, is a species of 10093: 10092: 10039:Open Tree of Life 9686:Taxon identifiers 9677: 9676: 9673: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9661: 9660: 9640:Siberian weasel ( 9631:American ermine ( 9559:Japanese weasel ( 9514:Mountain weasel ( 9498: 9421: 9420: 9207: 9192: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9176:Striped polecat ( 9126:Marbled polecat ( 9108: 9093: 9092: 9065: 9013: 9012: 8992:Japanese marten ( 8938:American marten ( 8931: 8789:M. cucphuongensis 8780: 8763: 8762: 8751:European badger ( 8724:Japanese badger ( 8664: 8617:American badger ( 8580: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8552: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8476: 8435:Northern olingo ( 8419: 8394:Cozumel raccoon ( 8369: 8293: 8292: 8247: 8206: 8114: 8095: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8011:Ommatophoca rossi 7984:Hydrurga leptonyx 7971: 7968:(Antarctic seals) 7941:M. angustirostris 7932: 7915: 7914: 7881:Monachus monachus 7868: 7851: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7681: 7664: 7647: 7646: 7509:Otaria flavescens 7498: 7497: 7409: 7377:Odobenus rosmarus 7341: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7292: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7167:Spectacled bear ( 7125: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7092: 6941: 6928: 6927: 6847:Crab-eating fox ( 6838:Short-eared dog ( 6786: 6771: 6758: 6757: 6640: 6582:Otocyon megalotis 6526: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6345:Yellow mongoose ( 6196: 6195: 6083:Banded mongoose ( 6052:Liberiictus kuhni 6006: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5870: 5869: 5796: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5701: 5662: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5532:Servaline genet ( 5451:Bourlon's genet ( 5426: 5387: 5363: 5362: 5245: 5244: 5217:P. hermaphroditus 5069: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5020: 4982:African wildcat ( 4939: 4938: 4909:Flat-headed cat ( 4849: 4848: 4633: 4632: 4570: 4569: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4408:Clouded leopard ( 4367: 4342:Spotted linsang ( 4326: 4291:Nandinia binotata 4173: 4172: 4089: 4088: 4008:Patagonian weasel 3678:978-0-19-530056-7 3646:978-0-906282-65-6 3087:Immigrant Killers 2623:Molecular Ecology 2596:10.1111/ddi.13234 2330:Leonardo da Vinci 2320:Cecilia Gallerani 2291:Duchy of Brittany 2284:Ermine (heraldry) 2174:Leonardo da Vinci 1997:Orchopeas howardi 1936:Aquila chrysaetos 1684:and two types of 1441:Sexual dimorphism 1254: 1253: 1216: 1015: 969:Mustela e. lymani 958:Karaginsky Island 945:Karaginsky stoat 939: 932: 925: 924:(Jurgenson, 1938) 918: 911: 904: 896: 817:M. e. kadiacensis 772: 771:(Wroughton, 1908) 764: 722:M. e. augustidens 714: 713:(Bonaparte, 1838) 707: 700: 692: 647: 640: 633: 625: 580: 572: 501:Pacific Northwest 333:Catholic monarchs 261: 260: 90: 16:Species of mammal 10158: 10086: 10085: 10073: 10072: 10060: 10059: 10047: 10046: 10034: 10033: 10021: 10020: 10008: 10007: 9998: 9997: 9985: 9984: 9982:NBNSYS0000005127 9972: 9971: 9959: 9958: 9946: 9945: 9933: 9932: 9920: 9919: 9907: 9906: 9894: 9893: 9881: 9880: 9868: 9867: 9855: 9854: 9842: 9841: 9829: 9828: 9816: 9815: 9803: 9802: 9790: 9789: 9777: 9776: 9764: 9763: 9754: 9753: 9741: 9740: 9728: 9727: 9726: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9681: 9680: 9613:Malayan weasel ( 9532:Steppe polecat ( 9505:Sichuan weasel ( 9497: 9496: 9492: 9432: 9431: 9369:L. perspicillata 9334:Eurasian otter ( 9211: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9201: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9081:Greater grison ( 9064: 9063: 9059: 9033: 9032: 9024: 9023: 8974:Nilgiri marten ( 8947:Pacific marten ( 8930: 8929: 8925: 8851: 8850: 8834:M. subaurantiaca 8779: 8778: 8777:(ferret-badgers) 8774: 8668: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8610: 8609: 8599: 8598: 8586: 8585: 8480: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8418: 8417: 8413: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8304: 8303: 8246: 8245: 8244:(spotted skunks) 8241: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8113: 8112: 8108: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8093: 8085: 8056: 8055: 8043: 8042: 8000:Crabeater seal ( 7975: 7974: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7931: 7930: 7929:(elephant seals) 7926: 7905:N. schauinslandi 7872: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7849: 7845: 7720: 7719: 7685: 7684: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7668: 7667: 7663: 7662: 7656: 7617:Brown fur seal ( 7592:A. galapagoensis 7479:Z. californianus 7446: 7445: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7393: 7363: 7362: 7355: 7347: 7346: 7291: 7290: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7195:Melursus ursinus 7186: 7185: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7114: 7113: 7081:Ethiopian wolf ( 6945: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6656:Blanford's fox ( 6639: 6632: 6573: 6572: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6522: 6515: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6498: 6301:Ruddy mongoose ( 6283:Javan mongoose ( 6214:Marsh mongoose ( 6207: 6206: 6186:C. platycephalus 6019: 6018: 6010: 6009: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5881: 5880: 5825:Malagasy civet ( 5809: 5808: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5790: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5658: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5634: 5633: 5598: 5597: 5425: 5422: 5386: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5251: 5250: 5157: 5156: 5099: 5098: 5088: 5087: 5075: 5074: 4869:Otocolobus manul 4860: 4859: 4782: 4781: 4658:Geoffroy's cat ( 4581: 4580: 4511: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4385: 4384: 4376: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4363: 4356: 4355: 4333:Banded linsang ( 4325: 4322: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4302: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4254: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4177: 4176: 4163: 4162: 4155:Category:Weasels 4153: 4152: 4079: 4063:Colombian weasel 3973:European polecat 3939: 3938: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3784: 3773: 3761: 3750: 3729: 3710: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3661: 3650: 3631: 3620: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3569: 3563: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3521: 3512: 3498: 3492: 3475: 3469: 3455: 3449: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3335: 3326:. ScienceDaily. 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3213: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3179:. 4 March 2008. 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3153: 3138: 3120: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3043: 3037: 3028: 3022: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2945: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2788: 2782: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2567: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2527: 2521: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2423: 2391: 2375: 2241:flag of Brittany 1963:canine distemper 1904:short-eared owls 1888:Martes zibellina 1860:Kleptoparasitism 1810:weasel war dance 1800:Stoat killing a 1751:European rabbits 1649:thermoregulation 1636:gestation period 1492:The stoat has a 1346:, with only the 1211: 1192:Caucasian stoat 1175: 1098:Jurgenson, 1932 1072: 1010: 973:Hollister, 1912 951:Jurgenson, 1936 934: 927: 920: 917:(G. Allen, 1914) 913: 910:(Dybowski, 1922) 906: 899: 891: 862:Russian Far East 805:Ireland and the 787: 767: 759: 709: 702: 695: 687: 662: 642: 635: 628: 620: 597: 579:(Billberg, 1827) 575: 567: 518: 517: 515:are recognized. 435: 425: 416: 395: 389: 388: 380:("bold") or the 379: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 256: introduced 255: 249: 228: 208: 105: 104: 84: 79: 78: 44: 32: 31: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10136:Holarctic fauna 10096: 10095: 10094: 10089: 10081: 10076: 10068: 10063: 10055: 10050: 10042: 10037: 10029: 10024: 10016: 10013:Observation.org 10011: 10003: 10001: 9993: 9988: 9980: 9975: 9967: 9962: 9954: 9949: 9941: 9936: 9928: 9923: 9915: 9910: 9902: 9897: 9889: 9884: 9876: 9871: 9863: 9858: 9850: 9845: 9837: 9832: 9824: 9819: 9811: 9806: 9798: 9793: 9785: 9780: 9772: 9767: 9759: 9757: 9751:mustela-erminea 9749: 9744: 9738:Mustela_erminea 9736: 9731: 9724:Mustela erminea 9722: 9721: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9701: 9694:Mustela erminea 9688: 9678: 9657: 9633:M. richardsonii 9577:European mink ( 9494: 9493: 9491: 9481: 9473:American mink ( 9446:Amazon weasel ( 9417: 9375: 9351: 9318: 9301: 9277: 9226: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9184: 9151: 9134: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9089: 9072:Lesser grison ( 9061: 9060: 9058: 9048: 9009: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8914: 8890: 8866: 8840: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8759: 8708: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8649: 8625: 8606: 8593: 8572: 8544: 8511: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8461: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8402: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8352: 8319: 8289: 8256:S. angustifrons 8243: 8242: 8240: 8230: 8203:(stink badgers) 8202: 8201: 8199: 8189: 8181:Striped skunk ( 8156: 8150:C. semistriatus 8110: 8109: 8107: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8076: 8070:Ailurus fulgens 8050: 8017: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7956: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7911: 7887: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7828: 7786: 7753: 7709: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7643: 7556: 7539: 7515: 7494: 7461: 7435: 7402: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7383: 7357: 7353: 7325: 7305: 7288: 7287: 7261: 7210: 7175: 7151: 7122: 7120: 7110: 7089: 7018:Golden jackal ( 7002: 6976: 6938: 6936: 6924: 6855: 6849:Cerdocyon thous 6829: 6805: 6783: 6781: 6768: 6766: 6754: 6719:Rüppell's fox ( 6633: 6631: 6621: 6606:N. procyonoides 6588: 6580:Bat-eared fox ( 6562: 6527: 6523: 6509: 6505: 6473: 6458:H. pulverulenta 6413: 6371: 6327: 6294:U. semitorquata 6249:U. auropunctata 6231: 6192: 6141: 6108: 6091: 6058: 6041: 6003: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5979: 5946: 5929: 5896: 5890:Galidia elegans 5866: 5833: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5779: 5774: 5753: 5745:Spotted hyena ( 5729: 5712:Striped hyena ( 5698: 5696: 5688: 5659: 5657: 5641: 5616: 5576: 5514:Aquatic genet ( 5505:Pardine genet ( 5442:Angolan genet ( 5423: 5421: 5411: 5396:P. richardsonii 5384: 5382: 5359: 5342:Malayan civet ( 5308: 5300:African civet ( 5276: 5275: 5265: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5241: 5199: 5146: 5131:Diplogale hosei 5095: 5082: 5057: 5017: 4935: 4875: 4855: 4845: 4821: 4804: 4777: 4771: 4745:Eurasian lynx ( 4720: 4629: 4596: 4576: 4566: 4533: 4506: 4498: 4493: 4476: 4416: 4368: 4364: 4350: 4323: 4310: 4297: 4278: 4265: 4261: 4249: 4211: 4204: 4174: 4169: 4141: 4110: 4085: 4073:Tropical weasel 4042: 4013:Siberian weasel 4003:Mountain weasel 3988:Japanese weasel 3953:American ermine 3930: 3925: 3891:Mustela erminea 3883:Mustela erminea 3876:Wayback Machine 3842:Mustela erminea 3830:Mustela erminea 3824: 3819: 3811: 3809: 3802: 3770: 3747: 3726: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3647: 3608: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3582: 3580: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3561:Wayback Machine 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3523: 3522: 3515: 3499: 3495: 3478:Laakso, Johanna 3476: 3472: 3456: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3342: 3333: 3331: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3216: 3210:Wayback Machine 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3118: 3114:Mustela erminea 3108: 3104: 3097: 3083: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3046: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2798: 2791: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2619:Mustela erminea 2615: 2611: 2568: 2557: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2530: 2522: 2515: 2506: 2504: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2430:Mustela erminea 2424: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2399: 2392: 2383: 2376: 2349:M. richardsonii 2286: 2280: 2198:Irish mythology 2194: 2183: 2167: 2135:Molineus patens 2088:Demodex erminae 2045:Ixodes canisuga 1952: 1872: 1840: 1802:European rabbit 1715:common hamsters 1703: 1661: 1616:Spermatogenesis 1592: 1587: 1558: 1552: 1543:M. richardsonii 1490: 1469: 1437:Bergmann's rule 1395: 1390: 1376:Mustela altaica 1372:mountain weasel 1328:M. richardsonii 1324:American ermine 1259: 1243:Altai Mountains 1194:M. e. teberdina 1129:Hebrides stoat 1063:Japanese stoat 1043:M. e. mongolica 1022: 1016: 933: 926: 919: 912: 905: 897: 882:Sayan Mountains 836: 780:M. e. hibernica 765: 739:M. e. ferghanae 715: 708: 701: 699:(Merriam, 1896) 693: 646:(Nilsson, 1820) 641: 634: 626: 608:European Russia 588: 581: 573: 551:Linnaeus, 1758 538:Northern stoat 511:As of 2021, 21 509: 490:M. richardsonii 474: 458:collective noun 360: 310: 306: 275:Eurasian ermine 270:Mustela erminea 257: 253: 251: 247: 236:M. richardsonii 219: 210: 206:Mustela erminea 204: 191: 188:M. erminea 99: 91: 80: 76: 69: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10164: 10154: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10074: 10061: 10048: 10035: 10022: 10009: 9999: 9986: 9973: 9960: 9947: 9934: 9921: 9908: 9895: 9882: 9869: 9856: 9843: 9830: 9821:Fauna Europaea 9817: 9804: 9791: 9778: 9765: 9755: 9742: 9729: 9714: 9698: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9675: 9674: 9671: 9670: 9667: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9655: 9651:M. strigidorsa 9646: 9637: 9628: 9619: 9610: 9604:Least weasel ( 9601: 9592: 9583: 9574: 9565: 9556: 9550:Haida ermine ( 9547: 9538: 9534:M. eversmannii 9529: 9520: 9511: 9501: 9499: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9470: 9461: 9452: 9442: 9440: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9406: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9316: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9299: 9289: 9287: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9266: 9262:L. longicaudis 9257: 9251:Marine otter ( 9248: 9238: 9236: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9214: 9208: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9182: 9173: 9163: 9161: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9109: 9095: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9087: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9046: 9036: 9030: 9021: 9015: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 8998: 8989: 8980: 8971: 8965:Beech marten ( 8962: 8953: 8944: 8934: 8932: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8912: 8902: 8900: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8888: 8878: 8876: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8838: 8829: 8820: 8811: 8802: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8765: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8748: 8742:Asian badger ( 8739: 8730: 8720: 8718: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8697: 8688: 8684:A. albogularis 8678: 8676: 8665: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8641:Honey badger ( 8637: 8635: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8623: 8613: 8607: 8602: 8595: 8594: 8582: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8569: 8568: 8562: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8533: 8523: 8521: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8500: 8490: 8488: 8477: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8459: 8450: 8441: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8404: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8391: 8382: 8378:P. cancrivorus 8372: 8370: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8346:B. sumichrasti 8341: 8331: 8329: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8307: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8278: 8269: 8260: 8250: 8248: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8228: 8219: 8209: 8207: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8178: 8172:Hooded skunk ( 8168: 8166: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8145: 8136: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8096: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8064: 8062: 8052: 8051: 8039: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8015: 8006: 7997: 7991:Weddell seal ( 7988: 7982:Leopard seal ( 7978: 7972: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7885: 7875: 7869: 7852: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7817: 7808: 7802:Caspian seal ( 7798: 7796: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7775: 7769:Spotted seal ( 7765: 7763: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7742: 7733: 7723: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7698: 7692:Bearded seal ( 7688: 7682: 7665: 7661:or true seals) 7659:(earless seals 7649: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7632: 7623: 7614: 7605: 7596: 7587: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7483: 7473: 7471: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7423: 7421: 7410: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7371: 7369: 7359: 7358: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7315: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7295: 7293: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7250: 7241: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7199: 7189: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7145:A. melanoleuca 7139: 7137: 7126: 7111: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7078: 7069: 7063:Eastern wolf ( 7060: 7051: 7045:African wolf ( 7042: 7033: 7027:Domestic dog ( 7024: 7014: 7012: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6991: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6942: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6913: 6907:Sechuran fox ( 6904: 6900:L. gymnocercus 6895: 6886: 6880:Darwin's fox ( 6877: 6867: 6865: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6844: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6803: 6793: 6787: 6772: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6725: 6716: 6707: 6698: 6689: 6680: 6671: 6662: 6653: 6649:V. bengalensis 6643: 6641: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6551: 6541: 6539: 6528: 6518: 6511: 6510: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6462: 6453: 6444: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6402: 6393: 6389:B. crassicauda 6383: 6381: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6360: 6351: 6342: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6316: 6307: 6298: 6289: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6220: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6106: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6016: 6007: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5923:G. grandidieri 5918: 5908: 5906: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5822: 5812: 5806: 5797: 5780: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5718: 5708: 5702: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5663: 5643: 5642: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5565: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5520: 5511: 5502: 5493: 5487:Letaba genet ( 5484: 5475: 5469:Common genet ( 5466: 5457: 5448: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5400: 5390: 5388: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5348: 5339: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5297: 5287: 5281: 5266: 5254: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5235:P. zeylonensis 5230: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5193:Paguma larvata 5188: 5179: 5170: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5135: 5126: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5083: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5047: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4988: 4979: 4970: 4964:Domestic cat ( 4961: 4951: 4949: 4941: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4924: 4920:P. rubiginosus 4915: 4906: 4897: 4893:P. bengalensis 4887: 4885: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4867:Pallas's cat ( 4863: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4833: 4831: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4760: 4754:Iberian lynx ( 4751: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4673: 4664: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4508: 4499: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4474: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4438: 4432:Snow leopard ( 4428: 4426: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4382: 4369: 4359: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4311: 4306: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4285: 4279: 4274: 4267: 4266: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4245:Laurasiatheria 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4180: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4157: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4023:Steppe polecat 4020: 4018:Sichuan weasel 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3998:Malayan weasel 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3924: 3923: 3916: 3909: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3886: 3878: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3838: 3823: 3822:External links 3820: 3818: 3817: 3800: 3785: 3774: 3768: 3751: 3745: 3730: 3724: 3711: 3702: 3677: 3662: 3651: 3645: 3632: 3621: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3589: 3564: 3546: 3513: 3493: 3470: 3450: 3430: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3393:, p. 1025 3383: 3371: 3369:, p. 1020 3359: 3340: 3314: 3312:, p. 1018 3302: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3264:, pp. 255 3254: 3242: 3229: 3227:, pp. 215 3214: 3194: 3164: 3102: 3095: 3077: 3065: 3044: 3042:, p. 1002 3029: 3008: 2996: 2984: 2969: 2957: 2936:(1): 127–144. 2916: 2867: 2863:Macdonald 1992 2855: 2843: 2828: 2826:, p. 1011 2816: 2814:, p. 1013 2804: 2802:, p. 1012 2789: 2772: 2734: 2732:, p. 1014 2722: 2710: 2708:, p. 1010 2693: 2664: 2629:(4): 795–807. 2609: 2582:(4): 747–762. 2555: 2543: 2528: 2513: 2488: 2482:978-0199206872 2481: 2464: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2396:Carl Sternheim 2393: 2386: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2300:House of Lords 2279: 2276: 2226:Mary Magdalene 2193: 2190: 2166: 2163: 2158:Acanthocephala 1951: 1948: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1839: 1836: 1702: 1699: 1660: 1657: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1554:Main article: 1551: 1548: 1506:North Atlantic 1489: 1486: 1468: 1465: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1368:M. strigidorsa 1348:yellow-bellied 1258: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1235: 1228: 1225: 1223:M. e. tobolica 1221:Tobolsk stoat 1218: 1217: 1215:(Basiev, 1962) 1209: 1202: 1199: 1198:Korneev, 1941 1196: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1168:M. e. stabilis 1166:British stoat 1163: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1079: 1077: 1076:Cabrera, 1913 1074: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1028:Cavazza, 1912 1026: 1018: 1017: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999:M. e. martinoi 995: 994: 992: 985: 978:M. e. tobolica 974: 971: 964: 963: 961: 955: 952: 949: 942: 941: 936:transbaikalica 889: 854: 847:M. e. tobolica 843: 840: 832: 831: 829: 824: 822: 821:Merriam, 1896 819: 812: 811: 809: 803: 792: 789: 775: 774: 757: 747: 744: 741: 737:Fergana stoat 734: 733: 731: 729: 727: 724: 718: 717: 706:(Osgood, 1901) 685: 671: 667: 666:Merriam, 1826 664: 650: 649: 624:(Thomas, 1895) 618: 616:Western Europe 605: 602: 599: 584: 583: 565: 559:Kola Peninsula 555: 552: 549: 535: 534: 531: 528: 525: 522: 508: 505: 473: 470: 387:𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 359: 356: 350:The stoat was 341:House of Lords 259: 258: 252: 246: 230: 229: 221: 220: 211: 200: 199: 193: 192: 185: 183: 179: 178: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 93: 92: 74: 71: 70: 65: 62: 61: 46: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10163: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10103: 10101: 10084: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10000: 9996: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9913: 9909: 9905: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9752: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9734: 9730: 9725: 9719: 9715: 9710: 9704: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9682: 9654: 9652: 9647: 9645: 9643: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9588:M. lutreolina 9584: 9582: 9580: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9548: 9546: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9530: 9528: 9526: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9424: 9414: 9412: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9398: 9396: 9394: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9372: 9370: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9348: 9346: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9321: 9315: 9313: 9308: 9307: 9304: 9298: 9296: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9280: 9274: 9272: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9244:L. canadensis 9240: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9229: 9223: 9221: 9218:Giant otter ( 9216: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9199: 9195: 9181: 9179: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9159: 9154: 9148: 9146: 9141: 9140: 9137: 9131: 9129: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9110: 9100: 9096: 9086: 9084: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9045: 9043: 9038: 9037: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9016: 9006: 9004: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8976:M. gwatkinsii 8972: 8970: 8968: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8911: 8909: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8885: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8863: 8861: 8856: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8843: 8837: 8835: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8816:M. orientalis 8812: 8810: 8808: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8772: 8771: 8766: 8756: 8754: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8705: 8703: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8666: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8644: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8628: 8622: 8620: 8619:Taxidea taxus 8615: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8587: 8583: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8541: 8539: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8529:N. meridensis 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8478: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8456: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8411: 8410: 8405: 8399: 8397: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8361: 8360: 8355: 8349: 8347: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8308: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8227: 8225: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8215:M. javanensis 8211: 8210: 8208: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8186: 8184: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8153: 8151: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8141:C. leuconotus 8137: 8135: 8133: 8132:C. humboldtii 8128: 8126: 8124: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8097: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8071: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8044: 8040: 8014: 8012: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7908: 7906: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7895: 7890: 7884: 7882: 7877: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7843: 7839: 7825: 7823: 7820:Baikal seal ( 7818: 7816: 7814: 7811:Ringed seal ( 7809: 7807: 7805: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7783: 7781: 7778:Harbor seal ( 7776: 7774: 7772: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7750: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7736:Ribbon seal ( 7734: 7732: 7730: 7725: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7701:Hooded seal ( 7699: 7697: 7695: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7637:A. tropicalis 7633: 7631: 7629: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7563:Arctocephalus 7559: 7553: 7551: 7546: 7545: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7491: 7489: 7488:Z. wollebaeki 7484: 7482: 7480: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7458: 7456: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7430: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7411: 7405: 7400: 7396:(eared seals: 7391: 7386: 7380: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7344: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7285: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7258: 7256: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7237:U. thibetanus 7233: 7231: 7229: 7228:U. americanus 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7207: 7205: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7170: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7148: 7146: 7143:Giant panda ( 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7127: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7104: 7086: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7029:C. familiaris 7025: 7023: 7021: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6987:Lycaon pictus 6983: 6982: 6979: 6973: 6971: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6943: 6935: 6931: 6921: 6919: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6850: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6802: 6800: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6683:Tibetan fox ( 6681: 6679: 6677: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6637: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6618: 6616: 6615:N. viverrinus 6611: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6585: 6583: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6557: 6556:U. littoralis 6552: 6550: 6548: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6529: 6521: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6500: 6496: 6470: 6468: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6431:H. flavescens 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6324: 6322: 6321:U. vitticolla 6317: 6315: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6239: 6234: 6228: 6226: 6225:Xenogale naso 6221: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6105: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6038: 6036: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6008: 5999: 5998:sensu stricto 5994: 5990: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5936: 5935: 5932: 5926: 5924: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5830: 5828: 5827:Fossa fossana 5823: 5821: 5819: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5750: 5748: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5726: 5724: 5721:Brown hyena ( 5719: 5717: 5715: 5714:Hyaena hyaena 5710: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5631: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5573: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5541:Hausa genet ( 5539: 5537: 5535: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5444:G. angolensis 5440: 5438: 5436: 5435:G. abyssinica 5431: 5430: 5428: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5344:V. tangalunga 5340: 5338: 5336: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278:sensu stricto 5274: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5152:Paradoxurinae 5149: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5120:Otter civet ( 5118: 5116: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5014: 5012: 5011:F. silvestris 5007: 5005: 5003: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4929:P. viverrinus 4927:Fishing cat ( 4925: 4923: 4921: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4902:P. javanensis 4898: 4896: 4894: 4891:Leopard cat ( 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4816: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4801: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4738:L. canadensis 4736:Canada lynx ( 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4560:C. temminckii 4556: 4554: 4552: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4525:Marbled cat ( 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4495:sensu stricto 4492: 4487: 4473: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4344:P. pardicolor 4340: 4338: 4336: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4201: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4166: 4158: 4156: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4058:American mink 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4033:Tonkin weasel 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3968:European mink 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3831: 3826: 3825: 3807: 3803: 3801:0-520-21199-5 3797: 3793: 3792: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3775: 3771: 3769:0-563-20844-9 3765: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3748: 3746:90-04-08876-8 3742: 3738: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3725:0-231-03733-3 3721: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3598: 3593: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3511: 3510:1-57607-612-1 3507: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3490:3-8258-8626-3 3487: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3467:1-4102-0915-6 3464: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3447:0-8160-4524-0 3444: 3440: 3434: 3428:, p. 466 3427: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3408: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3381:, p. 417 3380: 3375: 3368: 3363: 3357:, p. 463 3356: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3300:, p. 461 3299: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3275: 3270: 3263: 3258: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3098: 3096:0-19-558121-0 3092: 3088: 3081: 3075:, p. 998 3074: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3027:, p. 457 3026: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3006:, p. 999 3005: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2982:, p. 997 2981: 2976: 2974: 2967:, p. 458 2966: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2920: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2878: 2871: 2865:, p. 205 2864: 2859: 2853:, p. 150 2852: 2847: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2787:, p. 459 2786: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2738: 2731: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2553:, p. 456 2552: 2547: 2541:, p. 160 2540: 2539:Johnston 1903 2535: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2484: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2397: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2343:Ermine (both 2341: 2339: 2335: 2334:Henry Peacham 2331: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:animal rights 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2246: 2245:Gilles Servat 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2125:nasal sinuses 2122: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067:Mysidea picae 2064: 2063: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1974:ectoparasites 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1947: 1945: 1944:Ardea cinerea 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932:golden eagles 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910:) to various 1909: 1908:Asio flammeus 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:birds of prey 1889: 1885: 1881: 1880:Vulpes vulpes 1877: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1838:Communication 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1815:Skrjabingylus 1811: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1698: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1596: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1567:Walter Buller 1563: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1538:Baffin Island 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526:Arctic Canada 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:Japanese Alps 1507: 1503: 1502:Mediterranean 1499: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1473: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1399: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316:Denisova Cave 1313: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1135:Miller, 1907 1134: 1132: 1131:M. e. ricinae 1128: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1111:M. e. polaris 1108: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 990: 986: 983: 982:M. e. aestiva 979: 975: 972: 970: 966: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 948: 944: 943: 940: 938:(Ognev, 1928) 937: 931:(Ognev, 1928) 930: 923: 916: 909: 902: 895:(Ognev, 1929) 894: 890: 887: 883: 879: 878:Transbaikalia 875: 871: 868:, except the 867: 863: 859: 855: 852: 851:M. e. arctica 848: 844: 841: 839: 834: 833: 830: 828: 827:Kodiak Island 825: 823: 820: 818: 815:Kodiak stoat 814: 813: 810: 808: 804: 801: 797: 793: 790: 788: 786: 781: 777: 776: 773: 770: 763:(Ognev, 1935) 762: 758: 755: 751: 748: 745: 743:Thomas, 1895 742: 740: 736: 735: 732: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 719: 716: 712: 705: 698: 690: 686: 683: 682:Baffin Island 679: 675: 672: 668: 665: 663: 661: 656: 655:M. e. arctica 653:Tundra stoat 652: 651: 648: 645: 638: 631: 623: 619: 617: 613: 609: 606: 603: 600: 598: 596: 591: 590:M. e. aestiva 586: 585: 582: 578: 570: 566: 564: 560: 556: 553: 550: 548: 546: 541: 540:M. e. erminea 537: 536: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 519: 516: 514: 504: 502: 498: 497: 492: 491: 486: 485: 484:sensu stricto 479: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 434: 429: 424: 420: 415: 411: 407: 406:Norman French 403: 399: 394: 383: 378: 373: 364: 355: 353: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 328: 304: 303:IUCN Red List 300: 299:Least Concern 296: 292: 291:North America 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271: 266: 244: 243: 238: 237: 231: 227: 222: 218: 214: 209: 207: 201: 198: 197:Binomial name 194: 190: 189: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176: 172: 169: 168: 165: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 115: 112: 109: 108: 103: 98: 94: 88: 83: 82:Least Concern 72: 68: 63: 59: 55: 51: 50:M. e. erminea 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 9693: 9650: 9641: 9632: 9623: 9614: 9605: 9596: 9587: 9578: 9569: 9560: 9551: 9542: 9533: 9524: 9522: 9515: 9506: 9486: 9474: 9465: 9456: 9447: 9435: 9410: 9401: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9356: 9345:L. sumatrana 9344: 9335: 9323: 9311: 9294: 9282: 9270: 9261: 9252: 9243: 9231: 9219: 9177: 9168: 9156: 9144: 9128:V. peregusna 9127: 9115: 9082: 9073: 9053: 9041: 9028:Lyncodontini 9019:Ictonychinae 9003:M. zibellina 9002: 8993: 8984: 8975: 8966: 8958:M. flavigula 8957: 8948: 8940:M. americana 8939: 8919: 8907: 8895: 8883: 8871: 8860:Eira barbara 8859: 8833: 8825:M. personata 8824: 8815: 8806: 8797: 8788: 8768: 8752: 8743: 8735:M. canescens 8734: 8725: 8713: 8701: 8692: 8683: 8671: 8642: 8630: 8618: 8537: 8528: 8516: 8504: 8495: 8483: 8454: 8445: 8436: 8427: 8407: 8395: 8386: 8377: 8357: 8345: 8344:Cacomistle ( 8336: 8324: 8313:Potos flavus 8312: 8282: 8273: 8264: 8255: 8235: 8223: 8214: 8194: 8182: 8173: 8161: 8149: 8140: 8131: 8122: 8102: 8069: 8010: 8001: 7992: 7983: 7949: 7940: 7920: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7865:(monk seals) 7821: 7812: 7803: 7791: 7779: 7770: 7758: 7746: 7737: 7728: 7702: 7693: 7636: 7628:A. townsendi 7627: 7618: 7610:A. philippii 7609: 7600: 7591: 7582: 7574:A. australis 7573: 7561: 7549: 7532: 7520: 7508: 7487: 7478: 7466: 7454: 7428: 7416: 7376: 7255:U. maritimus 7254: 7253:Polar bear ( 7245: 7244:Brown bear ( 7236: 7227: 7215: 7203: 7194: 7193:Sloth bear ( 7168: 7156: 7144: 7132: 7082: 7073: 7064: 7055: 7046: 7037: 7028: 7019: 7007: 6996:Cuon alpinus 6995: 6986: 6970:L. mesomelas 6969: 6960: 6948: 6917: 6908: 6899: 6898:Pampas fox ( 6890: 6881: 6872: 6860: 6848: 6839: 6823:S. venaticus 6822: 6810: 6798: 6797:Maned wolf ( 6779:Cerdocyonina 6747: 6746:Fennec fox ( 6738: 6729: 6721:V. rueppelli 6720: 6711: 6702: 6693: 6692:Arctic fox ( 6685:V. ferrilata 6684: 6675: 6674:Corsac fox ( 6666: 6657: 6648: 6647:Bengal fox ( 6626: 6614: 6605: 6593: 6581: 6555: 6554:Island fox ( 6546: 6534: 6467:H. sanguinea 6466: 6457: 6448: 6440:H. ichneumon 6439: 6430: 6418: 6406: 6397: 6388: 6376: 6364: 6355: 6346: 6337: 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6284: 6275: 6267:U. edwardsii 6266: 6258:U. brachyura 6257: 6248: 6236: 6224: 6215: 6185: 6176: 6167: 6159:C. alexandri 6158: 6146: 6134: 6125: 6113: 6101: 6084: 6076:M. gambianus 6075: 6063: 6051: 6035:S. suricatta 6034: 6022: 5997: 5972: 5963: 5951: 5939: 5922: 5913: 5901: 5889: 5859: 5850: 5838: 5826: 5817: 5794:carnivorans) 5775: 5746: 5734: 5722: 5713: 5681: 5669: 5639:Herpestoidea 5602:Herpestoidea 5569: 5561:G. victoriae 5560: 5551: 5550:Cape genet ( 5542: 5534:G. servalina 5533: 5524: 5523:King genet ( 5516:G. piscivora 5515: 5506: 5497: 5488: 5480:G. johnstoni 5479: 5470: 5461: 5452: 5443: 5434: 5416: 5405:P. leightoni 5404: 5395: 5377: 5352: 5343: 5335:V. megaspila 5334: 5326:V. civettina 5325: 5313: 5301: 5292: 5277: 5261: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5204: 5192: 5183: 5174: 5165: 5139: 5130: 5121: 5112: 5010: 5001: 4993:F. margarita 4992: 4983: 4974: 4973:Jungle cat ( 4965: 4956: 4944: 4928: 4919: 4911:P. planiceps 4910: 4901: 4892: 4882:Prionailurus 4880: 4868: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4813:Jaguarundi ( 4797: 4785: 4764: 4755: 4746: 4737: 4725: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4660:L. geoffroyi 4659: 4650: 4649:Pampas cat ( 4638: 4622: 4613: 4601: 4589: 4559: 4550: 4538: 4527:P. marmorata 4526: 4514: 4494: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4421: 4409: 4400: 4388: 4343: 4334: 4317: 4290: 4243:Superorder: 4237:Infraclass: 4047: 4027: 3993:Least weasel 3978:Haida ermine 3942: 3890: 3882: 3869:Stoat images 3841: 3829: 3810:. Retrieved 3790: 3779: 3757: 3735: 3715: 3706: 3695:. Retrieved 3667: 3656: 3636: 3626: 3615: 3606:Bibliography 3592: 3581:. Retrieved 3567: 3549: 3537:. Retrieved 3528: 3504:, ABC-CLIO, 3501: 3496: 3481: 3473: 3458: 3453: 3438: 3433: 3407: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3362: 3332:. Retrieved 3317: 3305: 3293: 3281: 3269: 3257: 3245: 3232: 3197: 3185:. Retrieved 3176: 3167: 3156:. Retrieved 3126: 3122: 3113: 3105: 3086: 3080: 3068: 2999: 2987: 2960: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2907:. Retrieved 2880: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2819: 2807: 2764:. Retrieved 2755: 2751: 2745: 2737: 2725: 2720:, p. 15 2718:Merriam 1896 2713: 2685:. Retrieved 2676: 2667: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2546: 2505:. Retrieved 2491: 2472: 2467: 2455:. Retrieved 2441: 2435: 2429: 2380:Mack Sennett 2364:Soviet Union 2361: 2348: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2323: 2287: 2265: 2263: 2248: 2234: 2230: 2211: 2195: 2182:(1489–1491). 2177: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2118: 2113: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2050:I. hexagonus 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1971: 1955:Tuberculosis 1953: 1943: 1935: 1927: 1922:, and even 1907: 1900:Surnia ulula 1899: 1887: 1879: 1873: 1865: 1845: 1841: 1820:surplus kill 1813: 1806: 1704: 1690: 1670: 1608:testosterone 1601: 1559: 1541: 1536:, including 1520:and western 1494:circumboreal 1491: 1478: 1457:body rubbing 1449:scent glands 1446: 1433: 1404: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1364:back-striped 1359: 1351: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1332:Haida ermine 1327: 1320:phylogenetic 1310: 1304:exposed the 1287: 1275:Irvingtonian 1262: 1260: 1231: 1227:Ognev, 1923 1222: 1212: 1193: 1170: 1167: 1150: 1130: 1110: 1109:Polar stoat 1093:M. e. ognevi 1092: 1091: 1067: 1065:M. e. nippon 1064: 1048:Ognev, 1928 1042: 1041: 1033:Switzerland 1024:M. e. minima 1023: 1011: 998: 981: 977: 968: 967:Altai stoat 946: 935: 928: 921: 914: 908:kamtschatica 907: 903:(Hall, 1944) 900: 898: 892: 850: 846: 842:Baird, 1857 838:M. e. kaneii 837: 816: 799: 795: 794:Larger than 782: 779: 778:Irish stoat 768: 766: 760: 738: 726:Brown, 1908 721: 711:richardsonii 710: 703: 696: 694: 688: 680:(except for 657: 654: 643: 639:(Burg, 1920) 636: 632:(Burg, 1920) 629: 627: 621: 592: 589: 576: 574: 571:(Kerr, 1792) 568: 542: 539: 527:Description 510: 494: 488: 481: 477: 475: 465: 461: 453: 449: 445: 441: 438:least weasel 401: 398:John Guillim 369: 349: 278: 274: 269: 268: 264: 262: 250: native 240: 234: 205: 203: 187: 186: 174: 49: 29: 10065:SeaLifeBase 9964:NatureServe 9873:iNaturalist 9718:Wikispecies 9642:M. sibirica 9624:M. putorius 9597:M. nigripes 9579:M. lutreola 9552:M. haidarum 9448:N. africana 9411:A. congicus 9402:A. cinereus 9393:A. capensis 9293:Sea otter ( 9271:L. provocax 9178:I. striatus 9099:Ictonychini 8994:M. melampus 8906:Wolverine ( 8884:P. pennanti 8807:M. moschata 8798:M. everetti 8744:M. leucurus 8702:A. hoevenii 8693:A. collaris 8643:M. capensis 8538:N. olivacea 8453:Olinguito ( 8409:Bassaricyon 8396:P. pygmaeus 8326:Bassariscus 8299:Procyonidae 8274:S. putorius 8265:S. gracilis 8183:M. mephitis 8174:M. macroura 8068:Red panda ( 8048:Musteloidea 8009:Ross seal ( 7962:Lobodontini 7894:Neomonachus 7822:P. sibirica 7780:P. vitulina 7745:Grey seal ( 7727:Harp seal ( 7619:A. pusillus 7583:A. forsteri 7418:Callorhinus 7352:Pinnipedia 7311:Musteloidea 7083:C. simensis 7047:C. lupaster 6916:Hoary fox ( 6909:L. sechurae 6882:L. fulvipes 6873:L. culpaeus 6769:(true dogs) 6728:Swift fox ( 6703:V. macrotis 6595:Nyctereutes 6504:Caniformia 6449:H. ochracea 6407:B. nigripes 6398:B. jacksoni 6285:U. javanica 6202:Herpestinae 6177:C. obscurus 6168:C. ansorgei 6148:Crossarchus 6004:(mongooses) 5993:Herpestidae 5973:S. durrelli 5964:S. concolor 5914:G. fasciata 5851:E. goudotii 5772:Herpestidae 5682:P. cristata 5543:G. thierryi 5498:G. maculata 5462:G. cristata 5453:G. bourloni 5206:Paradoxurus 5164:Binturong ( 5103:Hemigalinae 5080:Viverroidea 5043:Viverroidea 5002:F. nigripes 4854:Leopard cat 4839:P. concolor 4756:L. pardinus 4705:L. tigrinus 4696:L. pardalis 4687:L. jacobita 4678:L. guttulus 4651:L. colocola 4410:N. nebulosa 4380:Pantherinae 4260:Feliformia 3177:stuff.co.nz 2851:Kurtén 1980 2839:Kurtén 1968 2457:19 November 2382:comedy film 2272:Erlang Shen 2222:Zoroastrian 2214:Komi people 2155:and rarely 1940:grey herons 1755:myxomatosis 1686:scent marks 1598:Young stoat 1562:New Zealand 1524:to most of 1482:photoperiod 1461:anal glands 1388:Description 1336:M. haidarum 1318:. Combined 1155:Hall, 1944 1151:M. e. salva 1040:Gobi stoat 1021:Swiss stoat 870:Amur Oblast 807:Isle of Man 761:shnitnikovi 704:kadiacensis 697:kadiacensis 601:Kerr, 1792 563:Scandinavia 521:Subspecies 496:M. haidarum 482:M. erminea 419:Anglo-Saxon 242:M. haidarum 10100:Categories 9615:M. nudipes 9606:M. nivalis 9570:M. kathiah 9525:M. erminea 9516:M. altaica 9466:N. frenata 9457:N. felipei 9427:Mustelinae 9169:I. libycus 9083:G. vittata 8949:M. caurina 8726:M. anakuma 8604:Mustelidae 8591:Mustelidae 8567:see below↓ 8558:Mustelidae 8455:B. neblina 8366:(raccoons) 8337:B. astutus 8335:Ringtail ( 8311:Kinkajou ( 8283:S. pygmaea 8224:M. marchei 8082:Mephitidae 7950:M. leonina 7842:Monachinae 7813:P. hispida 7804:P. caspica 7601:A. gazella 7533:N. cinerea 7429:C. ursinus 7367:Odobenidae 7320:see below↓ 7300:see below↓ 7284:Pinnipedia 7202:Sun bear ( 7169:T. ornatus 7158:Tremarctos 7134:Ailuropoda 7072:Red wolf ( 7038:C. latrans 6961:L. adustus 6918:L. vetulus 6891:L. griseus 6821:Bush dog ( 6712:V. pallida 6710:Pale fox ( 6694:V. lagopus 6665:Cape fox ( 6545:Gray fox ( 6303:U. smithii 6135:H. parvula 6126:H. hirtula 6014:Mungotinae 5903:Galidictis 5876:Galidiinae 5804:Euplerinae 5787:Eupleridae 5776:sensu lato 5747:C. crocuta 5680:Aardwolf ( 5611:see below↓ 5552:G. tigrina 5525:G. poensis 5507:G. pardina 5489:G. letabae 5471:G. genetta 5369:Genettinae 5353:V. zibetha 5273:Viverrinae 5262:sensu lato 5257:Viverrinae 5226:P. jerdoni 5093:Viverridae 5052:see below↓ 4991:Sand cat ( 4798:A. jubatus 4623:C. caracal 4516:Pardofelis 4335:P. linsang 4276:Feliformia 3812:2015-12-30 3697:2018-07-31 3583:2012-09-20 3334:2023-11-28 3158:2009-11-30 2992:Coues 1877 2909:13 January 2766:2023-01-19 2687:2021-07-12 2524:Coues 1877 2507:2011-03-17 2404:References 2355:and other 2345:M. erminea 2314:concerns. 2282:See also: 2165:In culture 2056:I. ricinus 1735:amphibians 1641:milk teeth 1628:monogamous 1624:Copulation 1340:M. erminea 1312:Fossilised 1302:sea levels 1247:Kazakhstan 929:orientalis 884:. Also in 874:Ussuriland 864:including 769:whiteheadi 754:Pamir-Alay 513:subspecies 507:Subspecies 478:M. erminea 428:Lithuanian 285:native to 164:Mustelidae 54:Steinodden 10131:Fur trade 9969:2.1223020 9561:M. itatsi 9495:(weasels) 9358:Lutrogale 9295:E. lutris 9253:L. felina 9062:(grisons) 8985:M. martes 8928:(martens) 8846:Guloninae 8632:Mellivora 8505:N. narica 8446:B. medius 8437:B. gabbii 8428:B. alleni 8416:(olingos) 8385:Raccoon ( 8237:Spilogale 8123:C. chinga 8104:Conepatus 8060:Ailuridae 7859:Monachini 7771:P. largha 7441:Otariinae 7404:sea lions 7399:fur seals 7390:Otariidae 7275:Mustelida 7246:U. arctos 7108:Arctoidea 7065:C. lycaon 7020:C. aureus 6950:Lupulella 6862:Lycalopex 6739:V. vulpes 6737:Red fox ( 6701:Kit fox ( 6676:V. corsac 6420:Herpestes 6033:Meerkat ( 5792:(Malagasy 5694:Hyaeninae 5655:Hyaenidae 5570:G. felina 4984:F. lybica 4796:Cheetah ( 4714:L. wiedii 4703:Oncilla ( 4669:L. guigna 4640:Leopardus 4621:Caracal ( 4614:C. aurata 4549:Bay cat ( 4470:P. pardus 4468:Leopard ( 4443:P. tigris 4401:N. diardi 4319:Prionodon 4219:Kingdom: 4208:Carnivora 4122:Galanthis 3828:Erminea ( 3687:228781387 3616:Fur Facts 2758:: 42–43. 2604:234059194 2409:Citations 2338:Emblem 75 2308:Cambridge 2187:, Poland. 1959:tularemia 1928:Bubo bubo 1876:red foxes 1870:Predators 1763:squirrels 1707:lagomorph 1645:Lactation 1571:beechmast 1530:Greenland 1453:Epidermal 1408:braincase 1360:M. katiah 1352:M. kathia 1279:evolution 1273:or early 1257:Evolution 1213:balkarica 1121:Greenland 1081:northern 866:Kamchatka 750:Tien Shan 637:giganteus 630:alpestris 622:algiricus 533:Synonyms 408:from the 400:, in his 372:root word 358:Etymology 182:Species: 154:Carnivora 120:Kingdom: 114:Eukaryota 60:, Norway 9956:14001334 9891:10198729 9758:BioLib: 9703:Wikidata 9541:Ferret ( 9475:N. vison 9336:L. lutra 9204:(otters) 9198:Lutrinae 9055:Galictis 8967:M. foina 8882:Fisher ( 8770:Melogale 8753:M. meles 8673:Arctonyx 8518:Nasuella 8496:N. nasua 8473:(coatis) 8387:P. lotor 8163:Mephitis 7922:Mirounga 7672:Phocinae 7653:Phocidae 7522:Neophoca 7468:Zalophus 7375:Walrus ( 7074:C. rufus 7056:C. lupus 7036:Coyote ( 6871:Culpeo ( 6812:Speothos 6748:V. zerda 6730:V. velox 6667:V. chama 6378:Bdeogale 6276:U. fusca 6115:Helogale 6085:M. mungo 6024:Suricata 5953:Salanoia 5860:E. major 5840:Eupleres 5671:Proteles 5660:(hyenas) 5424:(genets) 4975:F. chaus 4966:F. catus 4957:F. bieti 4837:Cougar ( 4787:Acinonyx 4765:L. rufus 4763:Bobcat ( 4712:Margay ( 4694:Ocelot ( 4667:Kodkod ( 4588:Serval ( 4551:C. badia 4540:Catopuma 4450:Jaguar ( 4434:P. uncia 4423:Panthera 4390:Neofelis 4308:Feloidea 4239:Eutheria 4233:Mammalia 4227:Chordata 4225:Phylum: 4221:Animalia 4081:Sea mink 3872:Archived 3844:taxonomy 3806:Archived 3691:Archived 3577:Archived 3557:Archived 3539:July 27, 3533:Archived 3529:BBC News 3328:Archived 3206:Archived 3187:23 April 3181:Archived 3149:Archived 3145:55061896 2952:28472434 2903:Archived 2760:Archived 2681:Archived 2659:18874091 2651:11972765 2501:Archived 2316:Prelates 2302:and the 2247:'s song 2237:Brittany 2116:nematode 1920:goshawks 1912:buzzards 1791:muskrats 1747:lemmings 1528:east to 1498:Svalbard 1430:Skeleton 1412:whiskers 1206:Caucasus 1142:Hebrides 893:baturini 886:Hokkaidō 880:and the 860:and the 856:Eastern 800:stabilis 577:maculata 503:coast). 472:Taxonomy 410:Teutonic 337:mozzetta 283:mustelid 213:Linnaeus 160:Family: 144:Mammalia 134:Chordata 130:Phylum: 124:Animalia 110:Domain: 87:IUCN 3.1 21:Stoating 10151:Weasels 10078:ZooBank 10031:1506692 9943:1005863 9852:5219019 9543:M. furo 9488:Mustela 9437:Neogale 9284:Enhydra 9158:Ictonyx 9117:Vormela 9074:G. cuja 9001:Sable ( 8908:G. gulo 8873:Pekania 8858:Tayra ( 8655:Melinae 8467:Nasuina 8359:Procyon 7715:Phocini 7354:(seals) 7289:(seals) 7181:Ursinae 7123:(bears) 7118:Ursidae 6994:Dhole ( 6784:(zorro) 6658:V. cana 6568:Vulpini 6536:Urocyon 6520:Canidae 6312:U. urva 5816:Fossa ( 5736:Crocuta 5418:Genetta 5315:Viverra 4856:lineage 4778:lineage 4747:L. lynx 4603:Caracal 4577:lineage 4575:Caracal 4507:lineage 4505:Bay cat 4491:Felinae 4452:P. onca 4441:Tiger ( 4361:Felidae 4231:Class: 4210:species 4206:Extant 4094:Hybrids 4049:Neogale 3944:Mustela 3935:Species 3928:Weasels 3480:(2005) 2887:Bibcode 2631:Bibcode 2584:Bibcode 2572:Mustela 2353:Tlingit 2278:Fur use 2259:Bretons 2216:of the 2207:baptism 2143:Cestode 1828:obesity 1743:insects 1739:lizards 1620:in heat 1534:Nunavut 1417:baculum 1381:Neogale 1362:), and 1356:Malayan 1344:Mustela 1298:Ice Age 1289:Neogale 1271:Blancan 1245:and in 1239:Yenisei 1232:aestiva 1012:birulai 922:naumovi 858:Siberia 796:aestiva 612:Central 569:hyberna 393:stautan 301:on the 287:Eurasia 175:Mustela 170:Genus: 150:Order: 140:Class: 85: ( 10044:681184 10002:NZOR: 9917:180555 9826:305315 9813:MUSTER 9800:328587 9746:ARKive 9709:Q25345 9233:Lontra 8921:Martes 8196:Mydaus 8090:skunks 7054:Wolf ( 6934:Canina 6764:Canini 6628:Vulpes 6524:(dogs) 6065:Mungos 5379:Poiana 4461:P. leo 4459:Lion ( 4365:(cats) 3836:ARKive 3798: 3766: 3743: 3722: 3685: 3675: 3643: 3508: 3488: 3465: 3445: 3143: 3093: 2950: 2657: 2649: 2602: 2479: 2295:ermine 2255:anthem 2105:, and 2053:, and 1930:) and 1902:) and 1884:sables 1882:) and 1824:cached 1785:, and 1741:, and 1731:shrews 1729:, and 1694:magpie 1682:faeces 1653:weaned 1612:plasma 1604:testes 1518:Alaska 1514:Honshu 1500:, the 1330:) and 1208:range 1083:Honshū 989:Baikal 674:Alaska 530:Range 456:. The 423:hearma 414:harmin 382:Gothic 279:ermine 254: 248: 35:Stoat 10070:69200 10057:48848 9995:36723 9930:29674 9904:74426 9886:IRMNG 9878:41808 9787:44QWG 9774:12537 9382:Aonyx 9325:Lutra 8715:Meles 8485:Nasua 7760:Phoca 7217:Ursus 7009:Canis 6636:foxes 4946:Felis 4115:Other 4028:Stoat 3152:(PDF) 3141:S2CID 3119:(PDF) 2655:S2CID 2600:S2CID 2328:, by 2218:Urals 1978:louse 1967:mange 1916:kites 1832:shock 1779:mohua 1767:Hares 1723:birds 1719:pikas 1678:urine 1676:with 1522:Yukon 1393:Build 915:kanei 901:digna 689:audax 644:major 448:, or 433:šarmu 430:word 384:word 377:stout 366:Skull 265:stoat 58:Lista 10026:OBIS 9990:NCBI 9925:IUCN 9912:ITIS 9860:GISD 9847:GBIF 9808:EPPO 9769:BOLD 9761:1759 8897:Gulo 7793:Pusa 6238:Urva 4828:Puma 4776:Puma 4727:Lynx 4127:Gale 3796:ISBN 3764:ISBN 3741:ISBN 3720:ISBN 3683:OCLC 3673:ISBN 3641:ISBN 3541:2009 3506:ISBN 3486:ISBN 3463:ISBN 3443:ISBN 3189:2011 3091:ISBN 2948:PMID 2911:2024 2647:PMID 2477:ISBN 2459:2021 2442:2016 2347:and 2306:and 2257:for 2137:and 2114:The 2077:Mite 2069:and 2059:and 2041:Tick 2035:and 1985:flea 1775:kaka 1771:kiwi 1759:rats 1727:fish 1701:Diet 1579:mast 1241:and 1140:The 1053:The 872:and 752:and 614:and 557:The 466:pack 462:gang 454:jill 450:jack 370:The 263:The 239:and 217:1758 10018:404 9977:NBN 9951:MSW 9938:MDD 9899:ISC 9795:EoL 9782:CoL 9733:ADW 3834:at 3131:doi 2938:doi 2895:doi 2639:doi 2592:doi 2446:doi 2336:'s 2209:. 2196:In 2176:'s 1467:Fur 1421:Fat 1354:), 464:or 446:hob 442:dog 315:ɜːr 277:or 10102:: 10080:: 10067:: 10054:: 10041:: 10028:: 10015:: 9992:: 9979:: 9966:: 9953:: 9940:: 9927:: 9914:: 9901:: 9888:: 9875:: 9865:98 9862:: 9849:: 9836:: 9823:: 9810:: 9797:: 9784:: 9771:: 9748:: 9735:: 9720:: 9705:: 3804:. 3689:. 3681:. 3575:. 3527:. 3516:^ 3416:^ 3343:^ 3217:^ 3175:. 3147:. 3139:. 3127:31 3125:. 3121:. 3047:^ 3032:^ 3011:^ 2972:^ 2946:. 2934:67 2932:. 2928:. 2901:. 2893:. 2879:. 2831:^ 2792:^ 2775:^ 2756:44 2754:. 2750:. 2696:^ 2679:. 2675:. 2653:. 2645:. 2637:. 2627:11 2625:. 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8285:) 8276:) 8267:) 8258:) 8226:) 8217:) 8185:) 8176:) 8152:) 8143:) 8134:) 8125:) 8092:) 8088:( 8072:) 8013:) 8004:) 7995:) 7986:) 7952:) 7943:) 7907:) 7883:) 7824:) 7815:) 7806:) 7782:) 7773:) 7749:) 7740:) 7731:) 7705:) 7696:) 7639:) 7630:) 7621:) 7612:) 7603:) 7594:) 7585:) 7576:) 7552:) 7535:) 7511:) 7490:) 7481:) 7457:) 7431:) 7406:) 7401:, 7379:) 7257:) 7248:) 7239:) 7230:) 7206:) 7197:) 7171:) 7147:) 7085:) 7076:) 7067:) 7058:) 7049:) 7040:) 7031:) 7022:) 6998:) 6989:) 6972:) 6963:) 6920:) 6911:) 6902:) 6893:) 6884:) 6875:) 6851:) 6842:) 6825:) 6801:) 6750:) 6741:) 6732:) 6723:) 6714:) 6705:) 6696:) 6687:) 6678:) 6669:) 6660:) 6651:) 6638:) 6634:( 6617:) 6608:) 6584:) 6558:) 6549:) 6469:) 6460:) 6451:) 6442:) 6433:) 6409:) 6400:) 6391:) 6367:) 6358:) 6349:) 6340:) 6323:) 6314:) 6305:) 6296:) 6287:) 6278:) 6269:) 6260:) 6251:) 6227:) 6218:) 6188:) 6179:) 6170:) 6161:) 6137:) 6128:) 6104:) 6087:) 6078:) 6054:) 6037:) 5975:) 5966:) 5942:) 5925:) 5916:) 5892:) 5862:) 5853:) 5829:) 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