605:
early dental anxiety to develop. Dental anxiety has knock-on effects for both dental professionals and patients. Treatment planning and therefore treatment success can be compromised. The dental staff can become stressed and frustrated when working with anxious children. This can compromise their relationship with the child and their parents. Studies have shown a cycle to exist, whereby dentally anxious patients avoid caring for the health of their oral tissues. They can sometimes avoid oral hygiene and will try to avoid seeking dental care until the pain is unbearable.
59:
33:
585:
acids. Untreated dental caries is the most common disease affecting humans worldwide
Persistence of this acidic condition encourages the proliferation of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria as a result of their ability to survive at a low-pH environment. The low-pH environment in the biofilm matrix erodes the surface of the teeth and begins the "initiation" of the dental caries.
359:. They must withstand the oral cleansing forces (e.g. saliva and the tongue movements) and adhere sufficiently to the dental hard tissues. The growth and metabolism of these pioneer species changes local environmental conditions (e.g., Eh, pH, coaggregation, and substrate availability), thereby enabling more fastidious organisms to further colonize after them, forming
533:, typically the precursor to tooth decay, contains more than 600 different microorganisms, contributing to the oral cavity's overall dynamic environment that frequently undergoes rapid changes in pH, nutrient availability, and oxygen tension. Dental plaque adheres to the teeth and consists of bacterial cells, while plaque is the
584:
is a dental biofilm-related oral disease associated with increased consumption of dietary sugar and fermentable carbohydrates. When dental biofilms remain on tooth surfaces, along with frequent exposure to sugars, acidogenic bacteria (members of dental biofilms) will metabolize the sugars to organic
680:
has been classified into four serotypes; c, e, f, and k. The classification of the serotypes is devised from the chemical composition of the serotype-specific rhamnose-glucose polymers. For example, serotype k initially found in blood isolates has a large reduction of glucose side chains attached to
685:
has the following surface protein antigens: glucosyltransferases, protein antigen and glucan-binding proteins. If these surface protein antigens are not present, then the bacteria is a protein antigen-defective mutant with the least susceptibility to phagocytosis therefore causing the least harm to
1045:
needed to evolve into the virulent bacterium it is today. Agriculture introduced fermented foods, as well as more carbohydrate-rich foods, into the diets of historic human populations. These new foods introduced new bacteria to the oral cavity and created new environmental conditions. For example,
577:
The causative agent of dental caries is associated with its ability to metabolize various sugars, form a robust biofilm, produce an abundant amount of lactic acid, and thrive in the acid environment it generates. A study into pH of plaque said that the critical pH for increased demineralisation of
2598:
Journal of Indian
Society of Pedodontics and Preventative Dentistry, Effect of three different compositions of topical fluoride varnishes with and without prior oral prophylaxis on Streptococcus mutans count in biofilm samples of children aged 2β8 years: A randomized controlled trial, 2019, Page:
1041:, it is imperative to include the role humans have played and the co-evolution that has occurred between the two species. As humans evolved anthropologically, the bacteria evolved biologically. It is widely accepted that the advent of agriculture in early human populations provided the conditions
604:
Ideally, we can stop the early various lesion developing beyond the white spot stage. Once beyond here, the enamel surface is irreversibly damaged and cannot be biologically repaired. In young children, the pain from a carious lesion can be quite distressing and restorative treatment can cause an
559:
has over time developed strategies to successfully colonize and maintain a dominant presence in the oral cavity. The oral biofilm is continuously challenged by changes in the environmental conditions. In response to such changes, the bacterial community evolved with individual members and their
753:
Furthermore, fluoride ions can be detrimental to bacterial cell metabolism. Fluoride directly inhibits glycolytic enzymes and H+ATPases. Fluoride ions also lower the pH of the cytoplasm. This means there will be less acid produced during the bacterial glycolysis. Therefore, fluoride mouthwashes,
608:
Susceptibility to disease varies between individuals and immunological mechanisms have been proposed to confer protection or susceptibility to the disease. These mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated but it seems that while antigen presenting cells are activated by
927:
cells growing in a biofilm are transformed at a rate 10- to 600-fold higher than single cells growing under uncrowded conditions (planktonic cells). Induction of competence appears to be an adaptation for repairing DNA damage caused by crowded, stressful conditions.
285:
Oral streptococci comprise both harmless and harmful bacteria. However, under special conditions commensal streptococci can become opportunistic pathogens, initiating disease and damaging the host. Imbalances in the microbial biota can initiate oral diseases.
776:
secretes
Glucosyltransferase on its cell wall, which allows the bacteria to produce polysaccharides from sucrose. These sticky polysaccharides are responsible for the bacteria's ability to aggregate with one another and adhere to tooth enamel, i.e. to form
709:
DNA has been found in cardiovascular specimens at a higher ratio than other periodontal bacteria. This highlights its possible involvement in a variety of types of cardiovascular diseases, not just confined to bacteraemia and infective endocarditis.
931:
Knowing about quorum-sensing gives rise to the potential development of drugs and therapies. Quorum-sensing peptides can be manipulated to cause target suicide. Furthermore, quenching quorum-sensing can lead to prevention of antibiotic resistance.
673:
has been associated with bacteraemia and infective endocarditis (IE). IE is divided into acute and subacute forms, and the bacterium is isolated in subacute cases. The common symptoms are: fever, chills, sweats, anorexia, weight loss, and malaise.
218:, can cohabit the mouth: Both contribute to oral disease, and the expense of differentiating them in laboratory testing is often not clinically necessary. Therefore, for clinical purposes they are often considered together as a group, called the
2258:
de Abreu da Silva Bastos V, Freitas-Fernandes LB, da Silva
Fidalgo TK, Martins C, Mattos CT, Ribeiro de Souza IP, et al. (February 2015). "Mother-to-child transmission of Streptococcus mutans: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1073:
with more energy resources, and thus exacerbated an already rising rate of dental caries. Refined sugar is pure sucrose, the only sugar that can be converted to sticky glucans, allowing bacteria to form a thick, strongly adhering plaque.
697:
strains without glucosyltransferases isolated from a destroyed heart valve of an infective endocarditis patient) resulted in a longer duration of bacteraemia. The results demonstrate that the virulence of infective endocarditis caused by
944:
and increased its virulence by enhancing its adaptability to the oral cavity: increased organic acid production, the capacity to form biofilms on the hard surfaces of teeth, and the ability to survive and thrive in a low pH environment.
2588:
Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Effect of a fluoride-containing varnish on Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva, Scandinavian journal of dental research, 1982, 90(6), 2003 Issue 3 - Zickert I, Emilson
552:
is an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other or a surface. Bacteria in the biofilm community can actually generate various toxic compounds that interfere with the growth of other competing bacteria.
844:
glucosyltransferases. These lead compounds are efficacious in preclinical animal models. However, none of these remedies have been subject to clinical trials or are recommended by mainstream dental health groups to treat
2968:
Shumi W, Hossain MA, Park DJ, Park S (September 2014). "Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on exopolysaccharide production by
Streptococcus mutans under microfluidic conditions".
2609:
Nguyen SV, Icatlo FC, Nakano T, Isogai E, Hirose K, Mizugai H, et al. (August 2011). "Anti-cell-associated glucosyltransferase immunoglobulin Y suppression of salivary mutans streptococci in healthy young adults".
643:
from caregiver (generally the mother) to child. This can also commonly happen when the parent puts their lips to the child's bottle to taste it, or to clean the child's pacifier, then puts it into the child's mouth.
564:
has been able to evolve from nutrition-limiting conditions to protect itself in extreme conditions. Streptococci represent 20% of the oral bacteria and actually determine the development of the biofilms. Although
2674:"Welchen Einfluss haben Xylit-haltige Kaugummis auf die Mundflora? Entwicklung eines quantitativen Testes zum Nachweis von Streptococcus mutans auf Basis der "Real-time"-quantitativen Polymerase-Kettenreaktion"
2714:
Ahn SJ, Cho EJ, Kim HJ, Park SN, Lim YK, Kook JK (December 2012). "The antimicrobial effects of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract on
Streptococcus mutans UA159 in both planktonic and biofilm cultures".
2891:
Pandit S, Kim HJ, Kim JE, Jeon JG (June 2011). "Separation of an effective fraction from turmeric against
Streptococcus mutans biofilms by the comparison of curcuminoid content and anti-acidogenic activity".
860:
into the marginal gaps between tooth and composite. They have antimicrobial properties, reducing bacterial penetration. This decreases the risk of secondary caries developing, a common reason for failure of
2676:[Xylitol-containing chewing gum and the oral bacterial flora. Development of a Quantitative Test for Streptococcus mutans on the Basis of the Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction]
738:. Brushing twice daily can help decrease the caries risk. However, there are some remedies used in the treatment of oral bacterial infection, in conjunction with mechanical cleaning. These include
639:
is often acquired in the oral cavity subsequent to tooth eruption, but has also been detected in the oral cavity of predentate children. It is generally, but not exclusively, transmitted via
249:
of these bacteria remains tentative. Different areas of the oral cavity present different ecological niches, and each species has specific properties for colonizing different oral sites.
1651:
952:
acquired the ability to increase the amount of carbohydrates it could metabolize, and consequently more organic acid was produced as a byproduct. This is significant in the formation of
3070:
Stauder M, Papetti A, Daglia M, Vezzulli L, Gazzani G, Varaldo PE, et al. (November 2010). "Inhibitory activity by barley coffee components towards
Streptococcus mutans biofilm".
879:
in lab settings, potentially offering a targeted approach to caries prevention without harming the mouth's natural microbiome. Several different phages have been found that infect
754:
toothpastes, gels and varnishes can help to reduce the prevalence of caries. However, findings from investigations into the effect of fluoride-containing varnish, on the level of
734:, hence mechanical removal of plaque is an effective way of getting rid of them. The best toothbrushing technique to reduce plaque build up, decreasing caries risk, is the
655:
is implicated in the pathogenesis of certain cardiovascular diseases, and is the most prevalent bacterial species detected in extirpated heart valve tissues, as well as in
2848:
Rukayadi Y, Kim KH, Hwang JK (March 2008). "In vitro anti-biofilm activity of macelignan isolated from
Myristica fragrans Houtt. against oral primary colonizer bacteria".
2188:
Butcher JP, Malcolm J, Benson RA, Deng DM, Brewer JM, Garside P, et al. (October 2011). "Effects of Streptococcus mutans on dendritic cell activation and function".
956:
because increased acidity in the oral cavity amplifies the rate of demineralization of the tooth, which leads to carious lesions. It is thought that the trait evolved in
4089:
964:
with another bacterial species present in the oral cavity. There are several genes, SMU.438 and SMU.1561, involved in carbohydrate metabolism that are up-regulated in
785:' ability to adhere to the teeth enamel, thus preventing it from reproducing. Studies have shown that Anti-CA-gtf IgY is able to effectively and specifically suppress
527:
is the primary causal agent and the pathogenic species responsible for dental caries (tooth decay or cavities) specifically in the initiation and development stages.
735:
1893:
5046:
2343:
Rao M, John G, Ganesh A, Jose J, Lalitha MK, John L (November 1990). "Infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus sanguis I occurring on a normal mitral valve".
1058:
for metabolism and lowered the pH of the oral cavity. This new acidic habitat would select for those bacteria that could survive and reproduce at a lower pH.
907:
is a bacterial adaptation involving the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through the surrounding medium. Transformation is a primitive form of
206:
2673:
1467:
3552:
Lin Y, Zhou X, Li Y (February 2022). "Strategies for Streptococcus mutans biofilm dispersal through extracellular polymeric substances disruption".
578:
dental hard tissues (enamel and dentine) is 5.5. The Stephan curve illustrates how quickly the plaque pH can fall below 5.5 after a snack or meal.
5020:
4082:
1663:
1685:
Alaluusua S, Renkonen OV (December 1983). "Streptococcus mutans establishment and dental caries experience in children from 2 to 4 years old".
1243:
589:
is a bacterium which is prevalent within the oral environment and is thought to be a vital microorganism that contributes to this initiation.
601:
in dental biofilms can be reduced or eliminated, the acidification potential of dental biofilms and later cavity formations can be decreased.
5059:
4510:
911:. For a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state termed
804:
by forming a toxic intermediate during glycolysis. Various other natural remedies have been suggested or studied to a degree, including
509:
acquired the gene that enables it to produce biofilms through horizontal gene transfer with other lactic acid bacterial species, such as
722:
including daily brushing, flossing and the use of appropriate mouthwash can significantly reduce the number of oral bacteria, including
486:
for the organism. So far, such vaccines have not been successful in humans. Recently, proteins involved in the colonization of teeth by
4075:
840:
biofilms have been identified and developed. Additionally, structure-based drug designs have identified selective inhibitors targeting
1054:
are typically found in foods such as yogurt and wine. Also, consuming more carbohydrates increased the amount of sugars available to
495:
292:
is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that can be found within the oral cavity. Its presence in the biofilm promotes higher levels of
4994:
5033:
4366:
3035:
Awadalla HI, Ragab MH, Bassuoni MW, Fayed MT, Abbas MO (May 2011). "A pilot study of the role of green tea use on oral health".
2425:
Finkelstein P, Yost KG, Grossman E (1990). "Mechanical devices versus antimicrobial rinses in plaque and gingivitis reduction".
923:
signaling system controls genetic competence. This system functions optimally when the S. mutans cells are in crowded biofilms.
3262:"Targeting of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms by a Novel Small Molecule Prevents Dental Caries and Preserves the Oral Microbiome"
2524:
1919:"Presence and count of S. mutans in children with dental caries: before, during and after a process of oral health education"
1828:
1572:
1490:
1169:
1137:
5038:
3874:"Evidence that accumulation of mutants in a biofilm reflects natural selection rather than stress-induced adaptive mutation"
792:
Other common preventative measures center on reducing sugar intake. One way this is done is with sugar replacements such as
758:
in the oral environment in children suggest that the reduction of caries cannot be explained by a reduction in the level of
569:
can be antagonized by pioneer colonizers, once they become dominant in oral biofilms, dental caries can develop and thrive.
4500:
2454:"Effectiveness of different tooth brushing techniques on the removal of dental plaque in 6-8 year old children of Gulbarga"
312:. It has been suggested that when both microbes are present, more biofilm matrix is produced, with a greater density. When
4390:
1595:"Evolution of cariogenic character in Streptococcus mutans: horizontal transmission of glycosyl hydrolase family 70 genes"
5120:
278:
leads to increased glucan production and increased biofilm formation. This therefore amplifies the cariogenic effect of
593:
thrives in acidic conditions, becoming the main bacterium in cultures with permanently reduced pH If the adherence of
3809:
1307:
Ikeda T, Sandham HJ (October 1971). "Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans on various tooth surfaces in Negro children".
4736:
4117:
4067:
3747:
Aspiras MB, Ellen RP, Cvitkovitch DG (September 2004). "ComX activity of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms".
1781:"Distribution of putative virulence genes in Streptococcus mutans strains does not correlate with caries experience"
3115:"A new small molecule specifically inhibits the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans in multispecies biofilms"
832:(found in bay leaves, cinnamon leaves and cloves). Additionally various teas have been tested for activity against
245:
is naturally present in the human oral microbiota, along with at least 25 other species of oral streptococci. The
2752:"Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar-free herbal lollipop that kills cavity-causing bacteria"
5115:
5064:
4341:
4321:
4289:
4270:
903:
must tolerate rapidly harsh environmental fluctuations and exposure to various antimicrobial agents to survive.
899:
are diverse and complex, frequently changing from one extreme to another. Thus, to survive in the oral cavity,
4946:
172:
2689:
2503:
Buzalaf MA, Pessan JP, HonΓ³rio HM, Ten Cate JM (2011). "Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control".
1506:
Klein JP, Scholler M (December 1988). "Recent advances in the development of a Streptococcus mutans vaccine".
766:
treatment with or without prior dental hygiene has no significant effect on the plaque and salivary levels of
4244:
399:
is one of a few specialized organisms equipped with receptors that improve adhesion to the surface of teeth.
3590:
Ben-Zaken H, Kraitman R, Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Khalifa L, Alkalay-Oren S, Gelman D, et al. (May 2021).
2002:"Beyond Streptococcus mutans: dental caries onset linked to multiple species by 16S rRNA community analysis"
5130:
4879:
4553:
4162:
3986:
Takahashi N, Nyvad B (March 2011). "The role of bacteria in the caries process: ecological perspectives".
2296:"Detection of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in extirpated heart valve and atheromatous plaque specimens"
548:
grows in the biofilm, cells maintain a balance of metabolism that involves production and detoxification.
58:
4382:
4261:
805:
4539:
4032:
Metabolism of sucrose by Stepococcus sanguis 804 (NCTC 10904) and its relevance to the oral environment
3592:"Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Phage as a Possible Treatment Agent for Caries"
3164:"Molecular mechanisms of inhibiting glucosyltransferases for biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans"
2550:"Fluoride varnish was effective at reducing caries on high caries risk school children in rural Brazil"
1011:. The common ancestral gene is believed to have been used for hydrolysis and linkage of carbohydrates.
541:
is frequently exposed to "toxic compounds" from oral healthcare products, food additives, and tobacco.
3823:"Death and survival in Streptococcus mutans: differing outcomes of a quorum-sensing signaling peptide"
2378:
5110:
5074:
4294:
1065:. More efficient refinement and manufacturing of foodstuffs increased the availability and amount of
904:
3487:
1408:
1251:
4774:
4768:
4475:
4335:
4181:
3419:
Ahirwar P, Kozlovskaya V, Nijampatnam B, Rojas EM, Pukkanasut P, Inman D, et al. (June 2023).
961:
428:
389:
4054:
1917:
Gamboa F, Plazas L, GarcΓa DA, Aristizabal F, Sarralde AL, Lamby CP, et al. (December 2018).
328:
promoting potential. This offers the potential for an anti-fungal to be used in the prevention of
4725:
4436:
4231:
3872:
Banas JA, Miller JD, Fuschino ME, Hazlett KR, Toyofuku W, Porter KA, et al. (January 2007).
2801:"Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties"
2161:
Thomson WM, Stewart JF, Carter KD, Spencer AJ (August 1996). "Dental anxiety among Australians".
304:
microcolonies. This is achieved through low concentrations of cross-kingdom metabolites, such as
2257:
494:
process. A molecule recently synthesized at Yale University and the University of Chile, called
5025:
4908:
4831:
4624:
4283:
4238:
4187:
3782:
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens".
1094:
836:
and other dental benefits. Recently, small molecule inhibitors selectively inhibit or disperse
365:
297:
214:
3934:
Cornejo OE, LefΓ©bure T, Bitar PD, Lang P, Richards VP, Eilertson K, et al. (April 2013).
3644:
Wolfoviz-Zilberman A, Kraitman R, Hazan R, Friedman M, Houri-Haddad Y, Beyth N (August 2021).
4852:
4845:
4684:
4494:
4430:
4205:
2110:
Caltabiano ML, Croker F, Page L, Sklavos A, Spiteri J, Hanrahan L, et al. (March 2018).
1062:
1026:
could outcompete other species, and occupy additional regions of the mouth, such as advanced
640:
478:
as an end product. The combination of plaque and acid leads to dental decay. Due to the role
227:
143:
5087:
4030:
3372:
Biofilms by the Natural Stilbene Piceatannol Through the Inhibition of Glucosyltransferases"
2371:
5125:
4981:
4858:
4837:
4505:
4444:
4224:
3885:
3646:"Phage Targeting Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Vivo as a Caries-Preventive Modality"
3513:"Safety and efficacy of phage application in bacterial decolonisation: a systematic review"
3322:
2294:
Nakano K, Inaba H, Nomura R, Nemoto H, Takeda M, Yoshioka H, et al. (September 2006).
2013:
1829:"The Stephan Curve | Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: The Environment | CE Course"
1606:
1018:
is its ability to not only survive, but also thrive in acidic conditions. This trait gives
100:
3936:"Evolutionary and population genomics of the cavity causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans"
3006:"Effect of Green Tea on Salivary Ph and Streptococcus Mutans Count in Healthy Individuals"
1727:"Role of VltAB, an ABC transporter complex, in viologen tolerance in Streptococcus mutans"
781:. Use of Anti Cell-Associated Glucosyltransferase (Anti-CA-gtf) Immunoglobulin Y disrupts
8:
4400:
4360:
4210:
4113:
3260:
Garcia SS, Blackledge MS, Michalek S, Su L, Ptacek T, Eipers P, et al. (July 2017).
3213:"Small Molecule Attenuates Bacterial Virulence by Targeting Conserved Response Regulator"
908:
424:
254:
45:
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3449:
3420:
3326:
3237:
3212:
2017:
1854:"Global epidemiology of dental caries and severe periodontitis - a comprehensive review"
1610:
1433:
987:
are most likely derived from other anaerobic bacteria found in the oral cavity, such as
865:. This means that the longevity and efficacy of composite restorations may be improved.
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246:
53:
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2061:"Dental fear and anxiety in children and adolescents: qualitative study using YouTube"
1918:
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to the surface of teeth or the physiological ability (acidogenity and aciduricity) of
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1982:
1933:
1894:"The Role of Streptococcus mutans And Oral Ecology in the Formation of Dental Caries"
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286-291 - Sushma Yadav, Vinod Sachdev, Manvi Malik, Radhika Chopra
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and also found in the oral cavity, has been shown to cause Infective Endocarditis.
274:
264:
Bacterial-fungal co-coaggregation can help to increase the cariogenic potential of
110:
3715:
3211:
Liu C, Zhang H, Peng X, Blackledge MS, Furlani RE, Li H, et al. (June 2023).
3004:
Manikya S, Vanishree M, Surekha R, Hunasgi S, Anila K, Manvikar V (JanβMar 2014).
800:
growth. The molecule xylitol, a 5 carbon sugar, disrupts the energy production of
4595:
4309:
4136:
3795:
3760:
3440:
2026:
1852:
Frencken JE, Sharma P, Stenhouse L, Green D, Laverty D, Dietrich T (March 2017).
1360:
1344:"Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and the human mouth: a sticky situation"
3662:
3311:"Structure-Based Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cariogenic Virulence"
3309:
Zhang Q, Nijampatnam B, Hua Z, Nguyen T, Zou J, Cai X, et al. (July 2017).
2816:
2272:
4753:
3334:
3179:
2410:
2393:
2000:
Gross EL, Beall CJ, Kutsch SR, Firestone ND, Leys EJ, Griffen AL (2012-10-16).
1105:
1034:
is most likely the primary evolutionary mechanisms responsible for this trait.
920:
483:
412:
3421:"Hydrogel-Encapsulated Biofilm Inhibitors Abrogate the Cariogenic Activity of
3083:
2982:
2128:
1453:
1157:
1022:
a selective advantage over other members of the oral microbiota. As a result,
5104:
4931:
4299:
4152:
3999:
3839:
3387:
3277:
3021:
2929:"Effect of different types of tea on Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study"
2665:
2645:
Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M (2006). "Xylitol, sweeteners, and dental caries".
2470:
2201:
1027:
953:
868:
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or erythritol which cannot be metabolized into sugars which normally enhance
747:
731:
581:
530:
511:
404:
360:
194:
176:
120:
3951:
3700:"Natural genetic transformation of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms"
2945:
2928:
624:
at the mucosal surface may make individuals more prone to colonisation with
455:
is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.
4731:
4416:
4007:
3969:
3915:
3858:
3803:
3768:
3733:
3681:
3627:
3573:
3538:
3458:
3405:
3352:
3295:
3246:
3197:
3148:
3091:
3056:
2954:
2913:
2869:
2834:
2785:
2736:
2658:
2631:
2575:
2566:
2549:
2534:
2489:
2329:
2280:
2244:
2209:
2147:
2096:
2045:
1986:
1937:
1879:
1814:
1760:
1636:
1379:
1293:
1179:
1083:
821:
809:
719:
656:
392:
388:
environment created in the mouth by this process is what causes the highly
352:
198:
3589:
3228:
2438:
2356:
2231:
Berkowitz RJ (2006). "Mutans streptococci: acquisition and transmission".
2174:
1706:
1535:
1328:
1228:
983:
acquisition of the glucosyltransferase (GTF) gene. The GTF genes found in
32:
5007:
4940:
4885:
4660:
4630:
3897:
3130:
2750:
Hu CH, He J, Eckert R, Wu XY, Li LN, Tian Y, et al. (January 2011).
2311:
1796:
1742:
475:
381:
329:
190:
2458:
Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
416:
257:, constituting 39% of the total streptococci in the oral cavity. Fewer
4999:
4960:
4813:
4798:
4787:
4650:
4531:
4459:
4304:
4278:
4104:
3643:
3366:
Nijampatnam B, Zhang H, Cai X, Michalek SM, Wu H, Velu SE (July 2018).
1968:
1870:
1853:
1527:
1519:
1248:
and the mutans streptococci. In: The Oral Environment, online tutorial"
1061:
Another significant change to the oral environment occurred during the
813:
689:
Furthermore, rat experiments showed that infection with such defective
491:
374:
5012:
3608:
3565:
2767:
2516:
2077:
1618:
4758:
4665:
4522:
4485:
4330:
4108:
4100:
3511:
Fang Q, Yin X, He Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Luo H, et al. (May 2024).
2861:
347:
80:
4902:
1562:
1558:
1285:
502:. Another candidate is a peptide called C16G2, synthesised at UCLA.
4925:
4690:
4614:
4571:
4464:
4171:
4141:
825:
739:
463:
313:
305:
183:
70:
3418:
750:, which works presumably by interfering with bacterial adherence.
4955:
4704:
4587:
4127:
3698:
Li YH, Lau PC, Lee JH, Ellen RP, Cvitkovitch DG (February 2001).
1100:
1066:
829:
793:
778:
743:
549:
534:
467:
459:
452:
408:
377:
309:
223:
90:
2926:
4986:
884:
817:
482:
plays in tooth decay, many attempts have been made to create a
385:
325:
179:
3003:
2112:"Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic"
2059:
Gao X, Hamzah SH, Yiu CK, McGrath C, King NM (February 2013).
1468:"Dental Researchers to Mouth Bacteria: Don't Get too Attached"
1241:
1158:"Ch. 99: Microbiology of Dental Decay and Periodontal Disease"
1916:
1559:"Molecular Approaches to Vaccination against Oral Infections"
1434:"Rheology of biofilms formed from the dental plaque pathogen
1431:
979:
Another instance of lateral gene transfer is responsible for
896:
659:
plaques, with an incidence of 68.6% and 74.1%, respectively.
324:. This decreases the biofilm pathogenesis, and therefore its
187:
3069:
2927:
Subramaniam P, Eswara U, Maheshwar Reddy KR (JanβFeb 2012).
2502:
1953:"Acid tolerance mechanisms utilized by Streptococcus mutans"
1851:
875:
have been researched. Phages have shown promise in reducing
3365:
2160:
2109:
1342:
Metwalli KH, Khan SA, Krom BP, Jabra-Rizk MA (2013-10-17).
702:
is linked to the specific cell surface components present.
3871:
3259:
3034:
1341:
3308:
3010:
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
1999:
316:
is in high concentration, it inhibits the growth of both
201:", an informal general name for all species in the genus
3933:
3488:"UTCAT3251, Found CAT view, CRITICALLY APPRAISED TOPICs"
3112:
2608:
2187:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1409:"UTCAT3248, Found CAT view, CRITICALLY APPRAISED TOPICs"
628:
and therefore increase susceptibility to dental caries.
3746:
2424:
2293:
1592:
490:
have been shown to produce antibodies that inhibit the
212:
This bacterium, along with the closely related species
3781:
3210:
1432:
Vinogradov AM, Winston M, Rupp CJ, Stoodley P (2004).
890:
3162:
Zhang Q, Ma Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Zou J (September 2021).
3113:
Liu C, Worthington RJ, Melander C, Wu H (June 2011).
2345:
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
1713:
1556:
2967:
2373:
Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine
1164:(4th ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch.
3820:
2391:
2058:
1656:
and Oral Ecology in the Formation of Dental Caries"
2451:
2394:"Streptococcus mutans and cardiovascular diseases"
2370:
560:specific functions to survive in the oral cavity.
423:produces dextran via the enzyme dextransucrase (a
2798:
2342:
1950:
1684:
407:to convert sucrose into a sticky, extracellular,
345:Early colonizers of the tooth surface are mainly
261:bacteria are found on the buccal surface (2β9%).
222:. This grouping of similar bacteria with similar
5102:
2890:
2847:
1774:
1772:
1770:
537:on the surfaces of the teeth. Dental plaque and
3639:
3637:
3585:
3583:
2799:Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV (January 2006).
2644:
1778:
1480:
3985:
2377:. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 1996. pp.
1550:
1195:"Ethnic differences in the experience of pain"
742:, which has a direct inhibitory effect on the
4083:
3981:
3979:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3821:Leung V, Dufour D, LΓ©vesque CM (2015-10-23).
3697:
3510:
3161:
2713:
1767:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1505:
1271:
3634:
3580:
3545:
3504:
2749:
2496:
2452:Patil SP, Patil PB, Kashetty MV (May 2014).
1910:
1724:
1306:
2547:
871:(viruses that infect bacteria) that target
713:
4090:
4076:
4028:
3976:
3922:
2612:Journal of the American Dental Association
1593:Hoshino T, Fujiwara T, Kawabata S (2012).
1581:
1272:Nicolas GG, Lavoie MC (January 2011). "".
1192:
1186:
518:
31:
3959:
3905:
3848:
3838:
3723:
3671:
3661:
3617:
3607:
3551:
3528:
3448:
3395:
3342:
3285:
3236:
3187:
3138:
2944:
2824:
2775:
2565:
2479:
2469:
2409:
2319:
2230:
2137:
2127:
2086:
2076:
2035:
2025:
1976:
1869:
1804:
1750:
1678:
1626:
1369:
1359:
1218:
1123:
1121:
852:The addition of bioactive glass beads to
647:
2671:
4367:Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection
4063:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
3037:International Journal of Dental Hygiene
1687:Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research
1155:
1151:
1149:
1127:
968:. These genes possibly originated from
572:
5103:
3878:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2392:Nakano K, Nomura R, Ooshima T (2008).
1951:Matsui R, Cvitkovitch D (March 2010).
1118:
4907:
4906:
4071:
4035:(Ph.D Thesis). University of Glasgow.
3693:
3691:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3168:International Journal of Oral Science
3119:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2756:International Journal of Oral Science
2682:Junge Wissenschaft (Young Researcher)
1779:ArgimΓ³n S, Caufield PW (March 2011).
1731:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1649:
1643:
1557:Hajishengallis G, Russell MW (2008).
1499:
1474:
205:. The microbe was first described by
5075:9c4126a8-6312-4118-b38d-a3b52faa738e
4501:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
2065:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1481:Madigan M, Martinko J, eds. (2005).
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1242:Newcastle University Dental School.
1146:
1030:, which can be as acidic as pH 4.0.
193:and is a significant contributor to
891:Survival under stressful conditions
373:plays a major role in tooth decay,
13:
3688:
3473:
1858:Journal of Clinical Periodontology
1699:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1983.tb00845.x
1069:consumed by humans. This provided
335:
253:is most prevalent on the pits and
14:
5142:
4737:Clostridial necrotizing enteritis
4043:
3784:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
2933:Indian Journal of Dental Research
1926:Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana
1725:Biswas S, Biswas I (April 2011).
1386:
995:. Additionally, the GTF genes in
940:Three key traits have evolved in
726:and inhibit their proliferation.
498:, is supposed to be able to kill
300:. It stimulates the formation of
3049:10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00440.x
2300:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1785:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1508:European Journal of Epidemiology
1485:(11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
1274:Canadian Journal of Microbiology
1014:The third trait that evolved in
268:. A symbiotic relationship with
57:
4342:Group B streptococcal infection
4290:Group A streptococcal infection
4022:
3940:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3865:
3814:
3775:
3740:
3412:
3359:
3302:
3253:
3204:
3155:
3106:
3063:
3028:
2997:
2961:
2920:
2884:
2841:
2792:
2743:
2707:
2653:(2): 154β63, discussion 192β8.
2638:
2624:10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0301
2602:
2592:
2582:
2541:
2445:
2418:
2385:
2363:
2336:
2287:
2251:
2224:
2181:
2154:
2103:
2052:
1993:
1944:
1886:
1845:
1821:
1483:Brock Biology of Microorganisms
1460:
1037:In discussing the evolution of
3429:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
2906:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.005
2729:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.10.005
2398:Japanese Dental Science Review
2239:(2): 106β9, discussion 192β8.
1898:Journal of Young Investigators
1660:Journal of Young Investigators
1425:
1335:
1300:
1265:
1235:
1128:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
631:
620:. Immunological tolerance to
523:Surviving in the oral cavity,
340:
1:
3716:10.1128/JB.183.3.897-908.2001
3530:10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00002-8
2805:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2427:Clinical Preventive Dentistry
1199:Social Science & Medicine
1132:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1111:
4880:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
4029:Darlington W (August 1979).
3796:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002
3761:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.07.032
3441:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00272
2163:International Dental Journal
2027:10.1371/journal.pone.0047722
1361:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003616
1321:10.1016/0003-9969(71)90053-7
1211:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90164-8
1162:Baron's Medical Microbiology
1130:Sherris Medical Microbiology
1003:with similar genes found in
935:
762:in saliva or dental plaque.
7:
3663:10.3390/antibiotics10081015
3554:Molecular Oral Microbiology
2817:10.1128/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006
2548:Greig V, Conway DI (2012).
2273:10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.001
1650:Simon L (1 December 2007).
1564:Molecular Oral Microbiology
1193:Thomas VJ, Rose FD (1924).
1077:
806:deglycyrrhizinated licorice
431:in the following reaction:
395:to be vulnerable to decay.
10:
5147:
5121:Bacteria described in 1924
3988:Journal of Dental Research
3335:10.1038/s41598-017-06168-1
3266:Journal of Dental Research
3180:10.1038/s41368-021-00137-1
2505:Monographs in Oral Science
2411:10.1016/j.jdsr.2007.09.001
2190:Journal of Dental Research
1567:. Caister Academic Press.
237:
4915:
4869:
4821:
4812:
4785:
4751:
4715:
4674:
4658:
4649:
4612:
4569:
4521:
4484:
4473:
4458:
4414:
4381:
4352:
4320:
4295:Streptococcal pharyngitis
4269:
4260:
4198:
4170:
4161:
4150:
4135:
4126:
3827:Frontiers in Microbiology
3749:FEMS Microbiology Letters
3084:10.1007/s00284-010-9630-5
2983:10.1007/s13206-014-8304-y
2129:10.1186/s12903-018-0507-5
1454:10.1017/S1479050503001078
470:βcan also be digested by
149:
142:
54:Scientific classification
52:
39:
30:
23:
4775:Pseudomembranous colitis
4769:Clostridioides difficile
4000:10.1177/0022034510379602
3840:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01176
3388:10.1021/acsomega.8b00367
3278:10.1177/0022034517698096
2554:Evidence-Based Dentistry
2471:10.4103/2231-0762.138305
2202:10.1177/0022034511412970
1309:Archives of Oral Biology
824:(the main components of
714:Prevention and treatment
226:can also be seen in the
186:) commonly found in the
4726:Clostridium perfringens
4437:Urinary tract infection
3704:Journal of Bacteriology
2946:10.4103/0970-9290.99037
2688:: 18β30. Archived from
856:reduces penetration of
736:modified Bass technique
681:the rhamnose backbone.
661:Streptococcus sanguinis
616:, they fail to respond
519:Life in the oral cavity
173:facultatively anaerobic
5116:Gram-positive bacteria
4832:Ureaplasma urealyticum
4625:Listeria monocytogenes
4329:bacitracin resistant,
4188:Pneumococcal infection
2567:10.1038/sj.ebd.6400874
1864:(Suppl 18): S94βS105.
1095:Streptococcus viridans
948:During its evolution,
919:, a peptide pheromone
648:Cardiovascular disease
458:However, other sugarsβ
298:early childhood caries
215:Streptococcus sobrinus
4853:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
4846:Mycoplasma genitalium
4685:Clostridium botulinum
4431:Enterococcus faecalis
4206:Viridans streptococci
3952:10.1093/molbev/mss278
3229:10.1128/mbio.00137-23
2850:Phytotherapy Research
1063:Industrial Revolution
962:lateral gene transfer
663:, closely related to
641:vertical transmission
427:) using sucrose as a
228:viridans streptococci
197:. It is part of the "
5052:streptococcus-mutans
4947:Streptococcus mutans
4917:Streptococcus mutans
4859:Mycoplasma pneumonia
4838:Ureaplasma infection
4548:novobiocin resistant
4506:Toxic shock syndrome
4445:Enterococcus faecium
4057:Streptococcus mutans
3898:10.1128/aem.02014-06
3423:Streptococcus mutans
3370:Streptococcus mutans
3131:10.1128/AAC.01496-10
3072:Current Microbiology
2312:10.1128/JCM.00377-06
2261:Journal of Dentistry
1797:10.1128/JCM.01993-10
1743:10.1128/AAC.01094-10
1654:Streptococcus mutans
1436:Streptococcus mutans
1246:Streptococcus mutans
1160:. In Baron S (ed.).
789:in the oral cavity.
760:Streptococcus mutans
756:Streptococcus mutans
671:Streptococcus mutans
587:Streptococcus mutans
573:Cariogenic potential
507:Streptococcus mutans
505:It is believed that
415:that allows them to
168:Streptococcus mutans
153:Streptococcus mutans
25:Streptococcus mutans
16:Species of bacterium
5131:Pathogenic bacteria
4791:(non-spore forming)
4401:Streptococcus bovis
4361:Streptococcus iniae
4109:Infectious diseases
3890:2007ApEnM..73..357B
3517:The Lancet. Microbe
3327:2017NatSR...7.5974Z
2672:Heinsohn T (2013).
2647:Pediatric Dentistry
2233:Pediatric Dentistry
2018:2012PLoSO...747722G
1957:Future Microbiology
1666:on 21 December 2016
1611:2012NatSR...2E.518H
1156:Loesche WJ (1996).
909:sexual reproduction
863:dental restorations
746:enzyme, as well as
474:, but they produce
438:sucrose β (glucose)
308:, derived from the
230:, another group of
220:mutans streptococci
207:James Kilian Clarke
46:thioglycolate broth
4699:Clostridium tetani
4582:Bacillus anthracis
4199:optochin resistant
4114:Bacterial diseases
3315:Scientific Reports
2695:on 23 January 2015
1969:10.2217/fmb.09.129
1871:10.1111/jcpe.12677
1833:www.dentalcare.com
1599:Scientific Reports
1520:10.1007/BF00146392
970:Lactococcus lactis
895:Conditions in the
425:hexosyltransferase
419:, forming plaque.
5098:
5097:
5083:Open Tree of Life
4909:Taxon identifiers
4900:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4871:Anaeroplasmatales
4808:
4807:
4747:
4746:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4565:
4564:
4454:
4453:
4410:
4409:
4377:
4376:
4256:
4255:
4050:MCHoralhealth.org
3609:10.3390/v13050825
3566:10.1111/omi.12355
3435:(12): 7909β7925.
2768:10.4248/IJOS11005
2526:978-3-8055-9659-6
2517:10.1159/000325151
2078:10.2196/jmir.2290
1619:10.1038/srep00518
1574:978-1-904455-24-0
1492:978-0-13-144329-7
1171:978-0-9631172-1-2
1139:978-0-8385-8529-0
1089:Oral microbiology
1032:Natural selection
854:dental composites
718:Practice of good
164:
163:
5138:
5111:Streptococcaceae
5091:
5090:
5078:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5055:
5054:
5042:
5041:
5029:
5028:
5016:
5015:
5003:
5002:
4990:
4989:
4977:
4976:
4964:
4963:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4904:
4903:
4823:Mycoplasmataceae
4819:
4818:
4799:Finegoldia magna
4672:
4671:
4656:
4655:
4554:S. saprophyticus
4482:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4267:
4266:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4148:
4147:
4133:
4132:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4020:
4019:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3963:
3931:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3818:
3812:
3807:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3675:
3665:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3611:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3523:(5): e489βe499.
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3492:cats.uthscsa.edu
3484:
3471:
3470:
3452:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3399:
3382:(7): 8378β8385.
3363:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3125:(6): 2679β2687.
3110:
3104:
3103:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2900:(4): 1565β1570.
2888:
2882:
2881:
2862:10.1002/ptr.2312
2845:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2679:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2473:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2131:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2029:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1662:. Archived from
1647:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:cats.uthscsa.edu
1405:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1354:(10): e1003616.
1339:
1333:
1332:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1250:. Archived from
1239:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1125:
976:, respectively.
764:Fluoride varnish
403:uses the enzyme
296:when looking at
275:Candida albicans
155:
111:Streptococcaceae
62:
61:
35:
21:
20:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5086:
5081:
5073:
5071:
5063:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5019:
5011:
5006:
4998:
4993:
4985:
4980:
4972:
4967:
4959:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4911:
4901:
4892:
4865:
4804:
4781:
4743:
4711:
4637:
4608:
4596:Bacillus cereus
4561:
4517:
4462:
4450:
4406:
4373:
4348:
4316:
4310:Rheumatic fever
4252:
4194:
4139:
4137:Lactobacillales
4122:
4096:
4055:Type strain of
4046:
4041:
4040:
4027:
4023:
3984:
3977:
3932:
3923:
3870:
3866:
3819:
3815:
3780:
3776:
3745:
3741:
3696:
3689:
3642:
3635:
3588:
3581:
3550:
3546:
3509:
3505:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3474:
3417:
3413:
3368:"Inhibition of
3364:
3360:
3307:
3303:
3258:
3254:
3223:(3): e0013723.
3209:
3205:
3160:
3156:
3111:
3107:
3068:
3064:
3033:
3029:
3002:
2998:
2971:BioChip Journal
2966:
2962:
2925:
2921:
2889:
2885:
2846:
2842:
2797:
2793:
2748:
2744:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2677:
2670:
2666:
2643:
2639:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2546:
2542:
2527:
2501:
2497:
2450:
2446:
2423:
2419:
2390:
2386:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2341:
2337:
2292:
2288:
2256:
2252:
2229:
2225:
2186:
2182:
2159:
2155:
2116:BMC Oral Health
2108:
2104:
2057:
2053:
1998:
1994:
1949:
1945:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1777:
1768:
1723:
1714:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1648:
1644:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1555:
1551:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1387:
1340:
1336:
1315:(10): 1237β40.
1305:
1301:
1286:10.1139/W10-095
1270:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1240:
1236:
1191:
1187:
1172:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1080:
974:S. gallolyticus
938:
893:
716:
650:
634:
575:
521:
443:
343:
338:
336:Role in disease
240:
160:
157:
151:
138:
101:Lactobacillales
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5144:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5079:
5069:
5056:
5043:
5030:
5017:
5004:
4991:
4978:
4965:
4952:
4937:
4921:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4875:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4849:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4827:
4825:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4794:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4764:
4762:
4754:Clostridioides
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4680:
4678:
4669:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4620:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4602:Food poisoning
4592:
4591:
4590:
4577:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:S. epidermidis
4527:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4490:
4488:
4479:
4476:Staphylococcus
4468:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4177:
4175:
4165:
4156:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4111:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4052:
4045:
4044:External links
4042:
4039:
4038:
4021:
3994:(3): 294β303.
3975:
3921:
3864:
3813:
3774:
3739:
3710:(3): 897β908.
3687:
3633:
3579:
3544:
3503:
3472:
3411:
3358:
3301:
3272:(7): 807β814.
3252:
3203:
3154:
3105:
3078:(5): 417β421.
3062:
3043:(2): 110β116.
3027:
2996:
2960:
2919:
2894:Food Chemistry
2883:
2856:(3): 308β312.
2840:
2791:
2742:
2723:(6): 590β596.
2706:
2664:
2637:
2618:(8): 943β949.
2601:
2591:
2581:
2540:
2525:
2495:
2444:
2417:
2384:
2362:
2335:
2286:
2250:
2223:
2196:(10): 1221β7.
2180:
2153:
2102:
2051:
2012:(10): e47722.
1992:
1963:(3): 403β417.
1943:
1932:(3): 156β163.
1909:
1885:
1844:
1820:
1766:
1712:
1693:(6): 453β457.
1677:
1642:
1580:
1573:
1549:
1498:
1491:
1473:
1459:
1424:
1385:
1348:PLOS Pathogens
1334:
1299:
1264:
1234:
1185:
1170:
1145:
1138:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:Caries vaccine
1103:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1028:dental plaques
937:
934:
921:quorum-sensing
905:Transformation
892:
889:
869:Bacteriophages
808:root extract,
730:often live in
715:
712:
649:
646:
633:
630:
574:
571:
520:
517:
450:
449:
439:
413:polysaccharide
342:
339:
337:
334:
239:
236:
162:
161:
158:
147:
146:
140:
139:
135:S. mutans
132:
130:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
50:
49:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5143:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4336:S. agalactiae
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Scarlet fever
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4281:susceptible:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4182:S. pneumoniae
4179:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4153:Streptococcus
4149:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4034:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3980:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3946:(4): 881β93.
3945:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3884:(1): 357β61.
3883:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3790:(3): 267β85.
3789:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3755:(1): 167β74.
3754:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3692:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:(3): 179β86.
2976:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2691:
2687:
2684:(in German).
2683:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2351:(11): 866β8.
2350:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:(9): 3313β7.
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:(2): 181β91.
2266:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1791:(3): 984β92.
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:(4): 1460β9.
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1652:"The Role of
1646:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:(4): 419β25.
1513:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1470:. 2010-12-08.
1469:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1254:on 2013-11-05
1253:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:(9): 1063β6.
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:Lactobacillus
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:Lactobacillus
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:Lactobacillus
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:dental caries
951:
946:
943:
933:
929:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
864:
859:
855:
850:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
751:
749:
748:chlorhexidine
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:dental plaque
729:
725:
721:
711:
708:
705:In addition,
703:
701:
696:
692:
691:streptococcus
687:
684:
679:
675:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
645:
642:
638:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
582:Dental caries
579:
570:
568:
563:
558:
554:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
531:Dental plaque
528:
526:
516:
514:
513:
512:Lactobacillus
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
447:
442:
437:
434:
433:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:glucansucrase
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
368:
367:
363:. Along with
362:
361:dental plaque
358:
354:
350:
349:
333:
331:
330:dental caries
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
235:
233:
232:Streptococcus
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:
210:
208:
204:
203:Streptococcus
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:gram-positive
174:
170:
169:
156:
154:
148:
145:
144:Binomial name
141:
137:
136:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:Streptococcus
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
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75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4916:
4878:
4851:
4844:
4830:
4797:
4786:
4767:
4752:
4732:Gas gangrene
4724:
4716:
4697:
4683:
4675:
4659:
4623:
4613:
4594:
4580:
4570:
4552:
4547:
4538:
4530:
4493:
4474:
4443:
4429:
4417:Enterococcus
4415:
4399:
4359:
4334:
4282:
4246:S. anginosus
4245:
4237:
4232:S. sanguinis
4230:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4180:
4151:
4060:
4056:
4031:
4024:
3991:
3987:
3943:
3939:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3707:
3703:
3653:
3649:
3599:
3595:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3495:. Retrieved
3491:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3414:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3361:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3016:(1): 13β16.
3013:
3009:
2999:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2939:(1): 43β48.
2936:
2932:
2922:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2811:(1): 50β62.
2808:
2804:
2794:
2762:(1): 13β20.
2759:
2755:
2745:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2690:the original
2685:
2681:
2667:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2560:(3): 78β79.
2557:
2553:
2543:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2464:(2): 113β6.
2461:
2457:
2447:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2372:
2365:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2169:(4): 320β4.
2166:
2162:
2156:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1929:
1925:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1823:
1788:
1784:
1734:
1730:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1659:
1653:
1645:
1602:
1598:
1563:
1552:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1482:
1476:
1462:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:the original
1245:
1237:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1161:
1129:
1093:
1084:Mutacin 1140
1070:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
978:
973:
969:
965:
957:
949:
947:
941:
939:
930:
924:
916:
913:"competence"
900:
894:
883:, including
880:
876:
872:
867:
857:
851:
846:
841:
837:
833:
822:curcuminoids
810:tea tree oil
801:
797:
791:
786:
782:
773:
772:
767:
759:
755:
752:
727:
723:
720:oral hygiene
717:
706:
704:
699:
694:
690:
688:
682:
677:
676:
670:
669:
664:
660:
657:atheromatous
652:
651:
636:
635:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
607:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
580:
576:
566:
561:
556:
555:
545:
543:
538:
529:
524:
522:
510:
506:
504:
499:
487:
479:
471:
457:
451:
445:
440:
435:
420:
400:
396:
393:tooth enamel
375:metabolizing
370:
364:
356:
355:, including
353:streptococci
346:
344:
321:
317:
301:
293:
289:
288:
284:
279:
273:
269:
265:
263:
258:
250:
242:
241:
231:
219:
213:
211:
202:
199:streptococci
167:
166:
165:
152:
150:
134:
133:
121:
41:
24:
18:
5126:Tooth decay
5008:iNaturalist
4941:Wikispecies
4886:Erysipeloid
4661:Clostridium
4631:Listeriosis
4534:susceptible
4284:S. pyogenes
4239:S. sobrinus
4174:susceptible
3656:(8): 1015.
3650:Antibiotics
3321:(1): 5974.
2433:(3): 8β11.
1670:21 December
1280:(1): 1β20.
1052:Leuconostoc
1009:Leuconostoc
993:Leuconostoc
897:oral cavity
632:In children
476:lactic acid
390:mineralized
382:lactic acid
366:S. sobrinus
341:Tooth decay
322:C. albicans
290:C. albicans
195:tooth decay
191:oral cavity
159:Clarke 1924
5105:Categories
4814:Mollicutes
4788:Finegoldia
4717:nonmotile:
4651:Clostridia
4532:novobiocin
4460:Bacillales
4305:Erysipelas
4279:bacitracin
3602:(5): 825.
3560:(1): 1β8.
3497:2020-03-03
2699:23 January
2511:: 97β114.
2071:(2): e29.
1903:2020-03-02
1838:2018-11-23
1418:2020-03-03
1258:2013-11-04
1112:References
981:S. mutans'
816:(found in
814:macelignan
492:cariogenic
4761:-forming)
4668:-forming)
4495:S. aureus
4353:ungrouped
4331:CAMP test
4225:S. oralis
4218:S. mutans
4101:Bacillota
3467:259098374
3376:ACS Omega
3174:(1): 30.
3022:2231-2250
2404:: 29β37.
2122:(1): 48.
1448:: 49β56.
1071:S. mutans
1056:S. mutans
1043:S. mutans
1039:S. mutans
1024:S. mutans
1020:S. mutans
1016:S. mutans
997:S. mutans
985:S. mutans
966:S. mutans
958:S. mutans
950:S. mutans
942:S. mutans
936:Evolution
925:S. mutans
917:S. mutans
901:S. mutans
881:S. mutans
877:S. mutans
873:S. mutans
858:S. mutans
847:S. mutans
842:S. mutans
838:S. mutans
834:S. mutans
798:S. mutans
787:S. mutans
783:S. mutans
774:S. mutans
768:S. mutans
728:S. mutans
724:S. mutans
707:S. mutans
700:S. mutans
695:S. mutans
693:mutants (
683:S. mutans
678:S. mutans
665:S. mutans
653:S. mutans
637:S. mutans
626:S. mutans
622:S. mutans
611:S. mutans
599:S. mutans
595:S. mutans
591:S. mutans
567:S. mutans
562:S. mutans
557:S. mutans
546:S. mutans
539:S. mutans
525:S. mutans
500:S. mutans
488:S. mutans
480:S. mutans
472:S. mutans
429:substrate
421:S. mutans
401:S. mutans
397:S. mutans
371:S. mutans
357:S. mutans
351:spp. and
348:Neisseria
318:S. mutans
302:S. mutans
294:S. mutans
280:S. mutans
270:S. mutans
266:S. mutans
259:S. mutans
251:S. mutans
243:S. mutans
234:species.
209:in 1924.
184:bacterium
129:Species:
81:Bacillota
48:culture.
42:S. mutans
40:Stain of
5026:10031963
4926:Wikidata
4691:Botulism
4615:Listeria
4572:Bacillus
4211:S. mitis
4172:optochin
4016:25740861
4008:20924061
3970:23228887
3916:17085702
3859:26557114
3833:: 1176.
3804:18295550
3769:15336418
3734:11208787
3682:34439064
3628:34063251
3574:34727414
3539:38452780
3459:37285134
3450:11188996
3406:30087944
3353:28729722
3296:28571487
3247:37074183
3238:10294662
3198:34588414
3149:21402858
3100:19861203
3092:20361189
3057:21356006
2991:84209221
2955:22842248
2914:25213928
2878:11784891
2870:17926328
2835:16418522
2786:21449211
2737:23123832
2717:Anaerobe
2659:16708791
2632:21804061
2576:23059920
2535:21701194
2490:25254196
2330:16954266
2281:25486222
2245:16708784
2218:11422268
2210:21690565
2148:29558935
2097:23435094
2046:23091642
2006:PLOS ONE
1987:20210551
1938:30829371
1880:28266116
1815:21209168
1761:21282456
1637:22816041
1544:33960606
1442:Biofilms
1380:24146611
1294:21217792
1180:21413316
1078:See also
1001:homology
999:display
826:turmeric
802:S.mutans
779:biofilms
740:fluoride
614:in vitro
464:fructose
448:fructose
314:farnesol
306:farnesol
255:fissures
247:taxonomy
107:Family:
77:Phylum:
71:Bacteria
67:Domain:
5000:3227119
4956:BacDive
4932:Q131452
4705:Tetanus
4676:motile:
4588:Anthrax
4128:Bacilli
3961:3603310
3907:1797100
3886:Bibcode
3850:4615949
3673:8389033
3619:8147482
3596:Viruses
3397:6072251
3344:5519559
3323:Bibcode
3287:5480807
3189:8481554
3140:3101470
2826:1360273
2777:3469870
2481:4170543
2439:2083478
2357:2079476
2321:1594668
2175:9147119
2139:5859659
2088:3636260
2037:3472979
2014:Bibcode
1978:2937171
1806:3067729
1752:3067168
1707:6581521
1628:3399136
1607:Bibcode
1605:: 518.
1536:3060368
1528:3521322
1371:3798555
1329:5289682
1229:2047899
1220:2047899
1101:Xylitol
1067:sucrose
830:eugenol
828:), and
794:xylitol
744:enolase
686:cells.
618:in vivo
550:Biofilm
535:biofilm
496:Keep 32
484:vaccine
468:lactose
460:glucose
453:Sucrose
411:-based
409:dextran
384:. The
378:sucrose
310:biofilm
238:Ecology
224:tropism
182:(round
117:Genus:
97:Order:
91:Bacilli
87:Class:
5088:175959
5072:NZOR:
5039:966483
5013:540949
4987:975361
4059:at Bac
4014:
4006:
3968:
3958:
3914:
3904:
3857:
3847:
3802:
3767:
3732:
3722:
3680:
3670:
3626:
3616:
3572:
3537:
3465:
3457:
3447:
3404:
3394:
3351:
3341:
3294:
3284:
3245:
3235:
3196:
3186:
3147:
3137:
3098:
3090:
3055:
3020:
2989:
2953:
2912:
2876:
2868:
2833:
2823:
2784:
2774:
2735:
2657:
2630:
2574:
2533:
2523:
2488:
2478:
2437:
2355:
2328:
2318:
2279:
2243:
2216:
2208:
2173:
2146:
2136:
2095:
2085:
2044:
2034:
1985:
1975:
1936:
1878:
1813:
1803:
1759:
1749:
1705:
1635:
1625:
1571:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1489:
1378:
1368:
1327:
1292:
1227:
1217:
1178:
1168:
1136:
915:. In
885:SMHBZ8
818:nutmeg
544:While
417:cohere
386:acidic
326:caries
180:coccus
5021:IRMNG
4974:52Y44
4961:14736
4759:spore
4666:spore
4248:group
4103:(low-
4012:S2CID
3725:94956
3463:S2CID
3096:S2CID
2987:S2CID
2874:S2CID
2693:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
2214:S2CID
1922:(PDF)
1540:S2CID
1524:JSTOR
188:human
171:is a
5065:1309
5060:NCBI
5047:LPSN
5034:ITIS
4995:GBIF
4511:MRSA
4465:Cat+
4142:Cat-
4061:Dive
4004:PMID
3966:PMID
3912:PMID
3855:PMID
3800:PMID
3765:PMID
3730:PMID
3678:PMID
3624:PMID
3570:PMID
3535:PMID
3455:PMID
3402:PMID
3349:PMID
3292:PMID
3243:PMID
3217:mBio
3194:PMID
3145:PMID
3088:PMID
3053:PMID
3018:ISSN
2951:PMID
2910:PMID
2866:PMID
2831:PMID
2782:PMID
2733:PMID
2701:2015
2655:PMID
2628:PMID
2572:PMID
2531:PMID
2521:ISBN
2486:PMID
2435:PMID
2381:β50.
2379:1723
2353:PMID
2326:PMID
2277:PMID
2241:PMID
2206:PMID
2171:PMID
2144:PMID
2093:PMID
2042:PMID
1983:PMID
1934:PMID
1876:PMID
1811:PMID
1757:PMID
1703:PMID
1672:2016
1633:PMID
1569:ISBN
1532:PMID
1487:ISBN
1376:PMID
1325:PMID
1290:PMID
1225:PMID
1176:PMID
1166:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1007:and
972:and
960:via
320:and
272:and
4982:EoL
4969:CoL
4523:Cg-
4486:Cg+
4428:+:
4426:BEA
4398:+:
4396:BEA
4333:+:
4105:G+C
3996:doi
3956:PMC
3948:doi
3902:PMC
3894:doi
3845:PMC
3835:doi
3810:PDF
3808:as
3792:doi
3757:doi
3753:238
3720:PMC
3712:doi
3708:183
3668:PMC
3658:doi
3614:PMC
3604:doi
3562:doi
3525:doi
3445:PMC
3437:doi
3392:PMC
3384:doi
3339:PMC
3331:doi
3282:PMC
3274:doi
3233:PMC
3225:doi
3184:PMC
3176:doi
3135:PMC
3127:doi
3080:doi
3045:doi
2979:doi
2941:doi
2902:doi
2898:126
2858:doi
2821:PMC
2813:doi
2772:PMC
2764:doi
2725:doi
2620:doi
2616:142
2562:doi
2513:doi
2476:PMC
2466:doi
2406:doi
2316:PMC
2308:doi
2269:doi
2198:doi
2134:PMC
2124:doi
2083:PMC
2073:doi
2032:PMC
2022:doi
1973:PMC
1965:doi
1866:doi
1801:PMC
1793:doi
1747:PMC
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