2294:" for programming in English and vernacular languages such as Chinese and Tamil and foreign languages such as Hindi and Korean except certain programs dubbed into Malay such as anime, news programs in respective vernacular languages (news reports in vernacular language news programs with foreign people speaking are translated in subtitles) and certain Malay-language live action programs subtitled in English. Also appearing for certain Indonesian programming excluding live, current affairs and news programming since 2006. All movies on 35 mm film subtitled in Malaysian and Simplified Chinese. Usually, animation and 3D movies are exempted from subtitling (though studios may choose to add subtitles at their discretion). Indian and Chinese movies usually have subtitles of more than one languages)
1176:
1164:
1188:
1114:
blocks a large portion of the view. Closed captioning is falling out of favor as many users have no difficulty reading SDH subtitles, which are text with contrast outline. In addition, DVD subtitles can specify many colors on the same character: primary, outline, shadow, and background. This allows subtitlers to display subtitles on a usually translucent band for easier reading; however, this is rare, since most subtitles use an outline and shadow instead, in order to block a smaller portion of the picture. Closed captions may still supersede DVD subtitles, since many SDH subtitles present all of the text centered (an example of this is DVDs and Blu-ray Discs manufactured by
1152:
4649:
that came with the converter box. If your converter box. If your converter box is equipped to generate captions in this way, then follow the instructions that came with the converter box to turn the captioning feature on/off via your converter box or converter box remote control. When you access the closed captions in the way, you also will be able to change the way your digital captions look. The converter box will come with instructions on how to change the caption size, font, caption color, background color, and opacity. This ability to adjust your captions is something you cannot do now with an analog television and analog captions.
1563:
dialogue. Especially in the field of commercial subtitles, the subtitle translator often interprets what is meant, rather than translating the manner in which the dialogue is stated; that is, the meaning is more important than the formβthe audience does not always appreciate this, as it can be frustrating for people who are familiar with some of the spoken language; spoken language may contain verbal padding or culturally implied meanings that cannot be conveyed in the written subtitles. Also, the subtitle translator may also condense the dialogue to achieve an acceptable reading speed, whereby purpose is more important than form.
1200:
4546:
limited to pre-scripted materials and, therefore, covers 100% of the news, weather and sports segments of a typical local news broadcast. It will cover such things as the weather and sports segments which are typically not pre-scripted, last second breaking news or changes to the scripts, ad lib conversations of the broadcasters, emergency or other live remote broadcasts by reporters in the field. By failing to cover items such as these, newsroom style captioning (or use of the TelePrompTer for captioning) typically results in coverage of less than 30% of a local news broadcast. β¦ 2002
565:
1251:(SLS) is the use of synchronized captioning of musical lyrics (or any text with an audio or video source) as a repeated reading activity. The basic reading activity involves students viewing a short subtitled presentation projected onscreen, while completing a response worksheet. To be really effective, the subtitling should have high quality synchronization of audio and text, and better yet, subtitling should change color in syllabic synchronization to audio model, and the text should be at a level to challenge students' language abilities. Studies (including those by the
1034:(e.g., there, their, they're), is particularly unsuited to easy transcriptions. Stenographers working in courts and inquiries usually have 24 hours in which to deliver their transcripts. Consequently, they may enter the same phonetic stenographic codes for a variety of homophones, and fix up the spelling later. Real-time stenographers must deliver their transcriptions accurately and immediately. They must therefore develop techniques for keying homophones differently, and be unswayed by the pressures of delivering accurate product on immediate demand.
1772:
recorded on a separate sound track, dubbing a low quality production into a second language produces little or no noticeable effect on the viewing experience. In dubbed live-action television or film, however, viewers are often distracted by the fact that the audio does not match the actors' lip movements. Furthermore, the dubbed voices may seem detached, inappropriate for the character, or overly expressive, and some ambient sounds may not be transferred to the dubbed track, creating a less enjoyable viewing experience.
1351:
917:
153:
1781:
980:, as a result of regulations that stipulate that virtually all TV eventually must be accessible for people who are deaf and hard-of-hearing. In practice, however, these "real time" subtitles will typically lag the audio by several seconds due to the inherent delay in transcribing, encoding, and transmitting the subtitles. Real time subtitles are also challenged by typographic errors or mishearing of the spoken words, with no time available to correct before transmission.
2226:(non-Hebrew television programs and films are always translated into Hebrew with subtitles. Bilingual Hebrew-Arabic or Hebrew-Russian subtitling, showing translation into both languages simultaneously, is common on public TV channels. Dubbing is restricted to programs and films aimed at children below school age. As of 2008 the closed captioning industry in Israel is on the rise since a law has been approved, stating that all Hebrew programs in
1494:
36:
3756:
2068:-language content is typically disapproved by Croatian government bodies, with the independent regulatory Council for Electronic Media using laws that oblige media services to air foreign-language progammes with translations into Croatian to warn and threaten to revoke operating licenses to television operators who refuse to adhere to it; rare instances of such subtitling usually end up being ridiculed by the public)
2659:) are intended for people who are hearing impaired, providing information about music, environmental sounds and off-screen speakers (e.g. when a doorbell rings or a gunshot is heard). In other words, they indicate the kinds and the sources of the sounds coming from the movie, and usually put this information inside brackets to demarcate it from actors' dialogues. For example: , , , .
894:
vocabulary and proper names. This problem can be compounded with poor audio quality (drops in audio, background noise, and people talking over each other, for example). Disability rights groups have emphasised the need for these captions to be reviewed by a human prior to publishing, particularly in cases where students' grades may be adversely affected by inadequate captioning.
963:. From the expression "closed captions", the word "caption" has in recent years come to mean a subtitle intended for the deaf or hard-of-hearing, be it "open" or "closed". In British English, "subtitles" usually refers to subtitles for the deaf or hard-of-hearing (SDH); however, the term "SDH" is sometimes used when there is a need to make a distinction between the two.
1582:"), or as a separate block of on-screen textβthis allows the subtitle translator to preserve form and achieve an acceptable reading speed; that is, the subtitle translator may leave a note on the screen, even after the character has finished speaking, to both preserve form and facilitate understanding. For example, Japanese has multiple first-person pronouns (see
3867:, one character speaks in a foreign language, while another character hides under the bed. Although the hidden character cannot understand what is being spoken, he can read the subtitles. Since the subtitles are overlaid on the film, they appear to be reversed from his point of view. His attempt to puzzle out these subtitles enhances the humor of the scene.
4189:", the second verse is subtitled as a way to mock the supposed unintelligibility of the song. One of the lines is "It's hard to bargle nawdle zouss???" (with three question marks), which has no meaning, but is explained by the following line, "With all these marbles in my mouth". While singing the latter, Yankovic indeed spits out a couple of marbles.
997:
segments of a typical local news broadcast which are typically not pre-scripted. This includes last-second breaking news or changes to the scripts, ad-lib conversations of the broadcasters, and emergency or other live remote broadcasts by reporters in-the-field. By failing to cover items such as these, newsroom style captioning (or use of the
2804:(though they are contained in the same file as the video stream). It is possible to turn them off or have multiple language subtitles and switch among them, but the player has to support such subtitles to display them. Also, subtitles are usually encoded as images with minimal bitrate and number of colors; they usually lack
4864:"McCall, W. (2008). Same-Language-Subtitling and Karaoke: The Use of Subtitled Music as a Reading Activity in a High School Special Education Classroom. In K. McFerrin et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2008 (pp. 1190β1195). Chesapeake, VA: AACE"
1867:: The Dutch-speaking region occasionally produces its own dubbing versions (but usually uses the same ones as the Netherlands), otherwise solely subtitles. The French-speaking region of Wallonia and the German-speaking region of East Belgium use exclusively full-cast dubbing for both films and TV series.
2675:, or a sign, flag, or other text in a scene is not translated in the localization and dubbing process. In some cases, foreign dialogue may be left untranslated if the movie is meant to be seen from the point of view of a particular character who does not speak the language in question. For example, in
2691:
subtitles are a North
American Secondary Industry (non-Hollywood, often low-budget) staple. They add content dictation that is missing from filmed action or dialogue. Due to the general low-budget allowances in such films, it is often more feasible to add the overlay subtitles to fill in information.
1767:
subtitles and dubbing. Often in such cases, the translations are made separately, rather than the subtitles being a verbatim transcript of the dubbed scenes of the film. While this allows for the smoothest possible flow of the subtitles, it can be frustrating for someone attempting to learn a foreign
1100:
Offline captioning involves a five-step design and editing process, and does much more than simply display the text of a program. Offline captioning helps the viewer follow a story line, become aware of mood and feeling, and allows them to fully enjoy the entire viewing experience. Offline captioning
992:
Newsroom captioning involves the automatic transfer of text from the newsroom computer system to a device which outputs it as captions. It does work, but its suitability as an exclusive system would only apply to programs which had been scripted in their entirety on the newsroom computer system, such
3840:
dialogue is subtitled using white type that blends in with white objects in the background. An example is when white binders turn the subtitle "I have a huge rodent problem" into "I have a huge rod." After many cases of this, Mr. Roboto says "Why don't I just speak
English?", in English. In the same
2852:
troubles for the end-user, especially if different languages are used simultaneously (for example, Latin and Asian scripts). A subtitle track with time stamp also allows for accurate time keeping after having paused the video recording, which would otherwise cause discrepancy between the duration of
1759:
countries, local network television will show dubbed versions of
English-language programs and movies, while cable stations (often international) more commonly broadcast subtitled material. Preference for subtitles or dubbing varies according to individual taste and reading ability, and theaters may
1109:
Subtitles for the deaf or hard-of-hearing (SDH) is an
American term introduced by the DVD industry. It refers to regular subtitles in the original language where important non-dialogue information has been added, as well as speaker identification, which may be useful when the viewer cannot otherwise
4648:
In addition to passing through closed caption signals, many converter boxes also include the ability to take over the captioning role that the tuner plays in your analog TV set. To determine whether your converter box is equipped to generate captions in this way, you should refer to the user manual
3714:
Most times a foreign language is spoken in film, subtitles are used to translate the dialogue for the viewer. However, there are occasions when foreign dialogue is left unsubtitled (and thus incomprehensible to most of the target audience). This is often done if the movie is seen predominantly from
1726:
decided to dub the foreign voices, while the rest of Europe elected to display the dialogue as translated subtitles. The choice was largely due to financial reasons (subtitling is more economical and quicker than dubbing), but during the 1930s it also became a political preference in
Germany, Italy
1129:
DVDs for the U.S. market now sometimes have three forms of
English subtitles: SDH subtitles; English subtitles, helpful for viewers who may not be hearing impaired but whose first language may not be English (although they are usually an exact transcript and not simplified); and closed caption data
1065:
Because different programs are produced under different conditions, a case-by-case basis must consequently determine captioning methodology. Some bulletins may have a high incidence of truly live material, or insufficient access to video feeds and scripts may be provided to the captioning facility,
1056:
The NWPC concluded that the standard they accept is the comprehensive real-time method, which gives them access to the commentary in its entirety. Also, not all sports are live. Many events are pre-recorded hours before they are broadcast, allowing a captioner to caption them using offline methods.
4588:
Premiere
Offline involves a five-step design and editing process, and does much more than simply display the text of a program. Premiere Offline helps the viewer follow a story line, become aware of mood and feeling, and allows them to fully enjoy the entire viewing experience. Premiere Offline is
4147:
episode "Lisa's Mudder Comes for a Visit" (season 5 episode 1), Lisa and her mother converse in
Hungarian, with English subtitles. First, Lisa looks down and corrects the subtitles, "No no no, I said you hadn't changed a bit! We have a lot of trouble here with subtitles", and they change. Mother's
4102:
episode, the subtitles make more sense of the story than the Korean language being spoken. The subtitles are made to appear as though written by someone with a poor understanding of grammar and are often intentionally made longer than what they actually say in the drama. For example, an actor says
1735:
Dubbing is still the norm and favored form in these four countries, but the proportion of subtitling is slowly growing, mainly to save cost and turnaround-time, but also due to a growing acceptance among younger generations, who are better readers and increasingly have a basic knowledge of
English
1113:
The only significant difference for the user between SDH subtitles and closed captions is their appearance: SDH subtitles usually are displayed with the same proportional font used for the translation subtitles on the DVD; however, closed captions are displayed as white text on a black band, which
988:
Some programs may be prepared in their entirety several hours before broadcast, but with insufficient time to prepare a timecoded caption file for automatic play-out. Pre-prepared captions look similar to offline captions, although the accuracy of cueing may be compromised slightly as the captions
893:
Automatic captions are generally less accurate than human-typed captions. Automatic captions regularly fail to distinguish between similar-sounding words, such as to, two, and too. This can be particularly problematic with educational material, such as lecture recordings, that may include uncommon
731:
Professional subtitlers usually work with specialized computer software and hardware where the video is digitally stored on a hard disk, making each frame instantly accessible. Besides creating the subtitles, the subtitler usually tells the computer software the exact positions where each subtitle
1554:
Translation basically means conversion of one language into another language in written or spoken form. Subtitles can be used to translate dialogue from a foreign language into the native language of the audience. It is not only the quickest and cheapest method of translating content, but is also
1300:, subtitling is common in all taped television programs and films. In these countries, written text remains mostly uniform while regional dialects in the spoken form can be mutually unintelligible. Therefore, subtitling offers a distinct advantage to aid comprehension. With subtitles, programs in
1239:
Although same-language subtitles and captions are produced primarily with the deaf and hard-of-hearing in mind, many others use them for convenience. Subtitles are increasingly popular among younger viewers for improved understanding and faster comprehension. Subtitles allow viewers to understand
1026:
software and re-voicing the dialogue. Speech recognition technology has advanced so quickly in the United States that about half of all live captioning was through speech recognition as of 2005. Real-time captions look different from offline captions, as they are presented as a continuous flow of
4545:
Caption
Colorado offers "real-time" closed captioning that utilizes unique technologies coupled with the talents of highly skilled captioners who use stenographic court reporting machines to transcribe the audio on the fly, as the words are spoken by the broadcasters. real-time captioning is not
2740:
subtitles combine the standard subtitle track with the localization subtitle track. Originally found only on Celestial DVDs in the early 2000s, the format has expanded to many export-intended releases from China, Japan, India, and Taiwan. The term "Expanded Subtitles" is owned by Celestial, with
1771:
In the traditional subtitling countries, dubbing is generally regarded as something strange and unnatural and is only used for animated films and TV programs intended for pre-school children. As animated films are "dubbed" even in their original language and ambient noise and effects are usually
2843:
to be optionally displayed during playback. It requires player support and, moreover, there are multiple incompatible (but usually reciprocally convertible) subtitle file formats, but enables greater versatility in post production. Softsubs are relatively easy to create and change, and thus are
1739:
Nevertheless, in Spain, for example, only public TV channels show subtitled foreign films, usually at late night. It is extremely rare that any Spanish TV channel shows subtitled versions of TV programs, series or documentaries. With the advent of digital land broadcast TV, it has become common
1283:
In some Asian television programming, captioning is considered a part of the genre, and has evolved beyond simply capturing what is being said. The captions are used artistically; it is common to see the words appear one by one as they are spoken, in a multitude of fonts, colors, and sizes that
1646:
for fictional material where a narrator tells the audience what the actors are saying while their voices can be heard in the background. Lectoring is common for television in Russia, Poland, and a few other East European countries, while cinemas in these countries commonly show films dubbed or
4053:'s character understands an Asian character's line of dialogue from reading the on-screen subtitle. The subtitle is even in reverse when his character reads the line. Later, an exclamation made by another Asian character is subtitled, but both the spoken words and the subtitles are in Chinese.
1613:
displays standard captions representing speech from the program audio, word-for-word, if the viewer selects "CC1" by using the television remote control or on-screen menu; however, they also provide edited captions to present simplified sentences at a slower rate, if the viewer selects "CC2".
1608:
Some subtitlers purposely provide edited subtitles or captions to match the needs of their audience, for learners of the spoken dialogue as a second or foreign language, visual learners, beginning readers who are deaf or hard of hearing and for people with learning or mental disabilities. For
1230:
dismissed the suit in September 2016, ruling that allegations of civil rights violations did not present evidence of intentional discrimination against viewers with disabilities, and that allegations over misrepresenting the extent of subtitles "fall far short of demonstrating that reasonable
1096:
For non-live, or pre-recorded programs, television program providers can choose offline captioning. Captioners gear offline captioning toward the high-end television industry, providing highly customized captioning features, such as pop-on style captions, specialized screen placement, speaker
1037:
Submissions to recent captioning-related inquiries have revealed concerns from broadcasters about captioning sports. Captioning sports may also affect many different people because of the weather outside of it. In much sport captioning's absence, the Australian Caption Centre submitted to the
996:
In the United States and Canada, some broadcasters have used it exclusively and simply left uncaptioned sections of the bulletin for which a script was unavailable. Newsroom captioning limits captions to pre-scripted materials and, therefore, does not cover all of the news, weather and sports
1599:
Real-time translation subtitling usually involves an interpreter and a stenographer working concurrently, whereby the former quickly translates the dialogue while the latter types; this form of subtitling is rare. The unavoidable delay, typing errors, lack of editing, and high cost mean that
1562:
of written text or written language. Usually, during the process of creating subtitles for a film or television program, the picture and each sentence of the audio are analyzed by the subtitle translator; also, the subtitle translator may or may not have access to a written transcript of the
4177:
In Vance Joy's music video "Riptide" it shows a woman singing the lyrics to the song. At many points the lyrics which are sung "I got a lump in my throat cause you're gonna sing the words wrong" are deliberately mis-subtitled as "I got a lump in my throat cause you gone and sank the worlds
4078:
into American theatres with subtitles not only so people could understand the thick Scottish accents, but also to make fun of what he believes to be many Americans' need for them (mentioned in the theatrical trailer). Many of Loach's films contain traditional dialect, with some (e.g.
1333:. However, this did not guarantee that the films could be understood by non-Mandarin-speaking audiences, and dubbing into different varieties was seen as too costly. The decision was thus made to include Standard Chinese subtitles in all Shaw Brothers films. As the films were made in
732:
should appear and disappear. For cinema films, this task is traditionally done by separate technicians. The result is a subtitle file containing the actual subtitles and position markers indicating where each subtitle should appear and disappear. These markers are usually based on
2786:) etc. to follow the lyrics. However, these subtitles cannot be turned off unless the original video is also included in the distribution as they are now part of the original frame, and thus it is impossible to have several variants of subtitling, such as in multiple languages.
699:
Third, subtitles need to be displayed to the audience. Open subtitles are always shown whenever the video is played because they are part of it. However, displaying closed subtitles is optional since they are overlaid onto the video by whatever is playing it. For example,
3926:) for speeding, a German police officer realizes that Hfuhruhurr can speak English. He asks his colleague in their squad car to turn off the subtitles, and indicates toward the bottom of the screen, commenting that "This is better β we have more room down there now".
1731:
that ensured that foreign views and ideas could be stopped from reaching the local audience, as dubbing makes it possible to create a dialogue which is totally different from the original. In larger German cities a few "special cinemas" use subtitling instead of dubbing.
2370:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries may be dubbed, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
2180:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries may be dubbed, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
2090:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries may be dubbed, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
938:
Closed captioning is the American term for closed subtitles specifically intended for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. These are a transcription rather than a translation, and usually also contain lyrics and descriptions of important non-dialogue audio such as
1076:
Current affairs programs usually require stenographic assistance. Even though the segments which comprise a current affairs program may be produced in advance, they are usually done so just before on-air time and their duration makes QWERTY input of text unfeasible.
3656:
format defined by Technical Reference 3264-E is an 'open' format intended for subtitle exchange between broadcasters. Files in this format have the extension .stl (not to be mixed up with text "Spruce subtitle format" mentioned above, which also has extension .stl)
1381:
659:
Creating, delivering, and displaying subtitles is a complicated and multi-step endeavor. First, the text of the subtitles needs to be written. When there is plenty of time to prepare, this process can be done by hand. However, for media produced in real-time, like
1141:) uses SDH subtitles as the sole method because technical specifications do not require HD to support line 21 closed captions. Some Blu-ray Discs, however, are said to carry a closed caption stream that only displays through standard-definition connections. Many
1240:
dialogue that is poorly enunciated, delivered quietly, in unfamiliar dialects, or spoken by background characters. A 2021 UK survey found that 80% of viewers between 18 and 25 regularly used subtitles, while less than a quarter of those between 56 and 75 did.
2522:. Television programming directed toward children and family-friendly films are dubbed, although cinemas often offer subtitled late-evening screenings of the latter. The off-screen narration in documentaries, although on-screen dialogue is always subtitled)
704:
might be used to combine closed subtitles with the video itself. In some theaters or venues, a dedicated screen or screens are used to display subtitles. If that dedicated screen is above rather than below the main display area, the subtitles are called
4584:
Premiere Offline Captioning is geared toward the high-end television industry, providing highly customized captioning features, such as pop-on style captions, specialized screen placement, speaker identifications, italics, special characters, and sound
4152:
barking with the subtitles "I've seen better doghouses than this" with Lisa responding "We're not interested in what the dog says", and the subtitles disappear. Later, the subtitles ask farmhand Eb if they will be needing any more subtitles for the
3935:, the Swedish subtitler switches to English and promotes his country, until the introduction is cut off and the subtitler "sacked". In the DVD version of the same film, the viewer could choose, instead of hearing aid and local languages, lines from
1910:-language subtitling, used for foreign programming and cinema and often used when Arabic dialects are the primary medium of a film or TV program. Countries such as Lebanon, Algeria, and Morocco also often include French subtitling simultaneously.
1021:
keyboards to transcribe stenographic input for presentation as captions within two or three seconds of the representing audio, must caption anything which is purely live and unscripted; however, more recent developments include operators using
3742:. Subtitles are used on all 3 the English, Spanish (only Chapter 11) and Portuguese (Chapter 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 only) dialogues, but the latter is left untranslated as the main character does not understand the language.
1118:), while closed captions usually specify position on the screen: centered, left align, right align, top, etc. This is helpful for speaker identification and overlapping conversation. Some SDH subtitles (such as the subtitles of newer
1740:
practice in Spain to provide optional audio and subtitle streams that allow watching dubbed programs with the original audio and subtitles. In addition, only a small proportion of cinemas show subtitled films. Films with dialogue in
1600:
real-time translation subtitling is in low demand. Allowing the interpreter to directly speak to the viewers is usually both cheaper and quicker; however, the translation is not accessible to people who are deaf and hard-of-hearing.
2758:
subtitles are designed for a certain group of viewers, and can usually be turned on or off or selected by the viewer β examples being teletext pages, U.S. Closed captions (608/708), DVB Bitmap subtitles, DVD or Blu-ray subtitles.
1586:) and each pronoun is associated with a different degree of politeness. In order to compensate during the English translation process, the subtitle translator may reformulate the sentence, add appropriate words or use notes.
4442:
1395:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1130:
that is decoded by the end-user's closed caption decoder. Most anime releases in the U.S. only include translations of the original material as subtitles; therefore, SDH subtitles of English dubs ("dubtitles") are uncommon.
1231:
consumers would actually be deceived as to the amount of subtitled content provided, as there are no representations whatsoever that all song lyrics would be captioned, or even that the content would be 'fully' captioned."
2629:(Belgium) films are usually dubbed, but sometimes they are played on two channels at the same time: one dubbed (on La Une) and the other subtitled (on La Deux), but this is no longer done as frequently due to low ratings.
695:
subtitles are stored separately, allowing subtitles in different languages to be used without changing the video itself. In either case, a wide variety of technical approaches and formats are used to encode the subtitles.
2777:
subtitles). The subtitle text is irreversibly merged in original video frames, and so no special equipment or software is required for playback. Hence, complex transition effects and animation can be implemented, such as
765:
Subtitles can also be created by individuals using freely available subtitle-creation software like Subtitle Workshop, MovieCaptioner or Subtitle Composer, and then hardcode them onto a video file with programs such as
2720:. Often shown in popup or balloon form, they point out background, behind-the-scenes information relative to what is appearing on screen, often indicating filming and performance mistakes in continuity or consistency.
971:
Programs such as news bulletins, current affairs programs, sports, some talk shows, and political and special events utilize real time or online captioning. Live captioning is increasingly common, especially in the
4138:, the character Ling-Ling can only be understood through English subtitles, as his dialogue is delivered in a nonexistent language referred to as "Japorean" by Abbey DiGregorio, the voice actress for the character.
2692:
They are most commonly seen on America's Maverick films as forced subtitles, and on Canada's MapleLeaf films as optional subtitles. Content subtitles also appear in the beginning of some higher-budget films (e.g.,
503:
4040:, Russian dialogues are translated by subtitles which are designed accordingly to the depicted events. For instance, subtitles dissolve in water like blood, tremble along with a shaking floor or get cut by sword.
4193:
One unintentional source of humor in subtitles comes from illegal DVDs produced in non-English-speaking countries (especially China). These DVDs often contain poorly worded subtitle tracks, possibly produced by
3770:
4129:
are shown as subtitles when Broomhilde attempts to jump on to the saddle off a balcony, as Maid Marion had done gracefully moments earlier. As Farfelkugel shudders, the subtitles show "She must be kidding!"
4438:
1760:
order two prints of the most popular films, allowing moviegoers to choose between dubbing or subtitles. Animation and children's programming, however, is nearly universally dubbed, as in other regions.
1263:
in school-aged children. Same-language captioning can improve literacy and reading growth across a broad range of reading abilities. It is used for this purpose by national television broadcasters in
4025:, at one point Norbert begins to speak with such a heavy European accent that his words are subtitled on the bottom of the screen. Daggett actually touches the subtitles, shoving them out of the way.
1175:
4112:, a journalist interviews a group of Afghan terrorists in English, but one of them gets subtitled and sees it. He gets mad because he takes as an insult that he is the only one to get subtitled.
4066:, one scene involving two characters talking about their murder plan in Yiddish to prevent anyone from knowing about it, only to be foiled by a man on the bench reading the on-screen subtitles.
1210:
Song lyrics are not always captioned, as additional copyright permissions may be required to reproduce the lyrics on-screen as part of the subtitle track. In October 2015, major studios and
5518:
1849: Countries which occasionally produce their own dubbings, but generally instead use dubbing versions from neighboring countries produced in mutually intelligible languages instead (
1650:
The preference for dubbing or subtitling in various countries is largely based on decisions made in the late 1920s and early 1930s. With the arrival of sound film, the film importers in
2665:
is the most common type of subtitle in which spoken dialogue is displayed. These are most commonly used to translate a film with one spoken language and the text of a second language.
4453:
3845:
to make the content of their conversation unintelligible; subtitles appear for the first part of the conversation, but then cease and are replaced with a series of question marks.
1163:
5498:
2028:(Most Chinese language programming includes subtitles in Chinese, since many languages and dialects are spoken by the populace, but the writing system is independent of dialects)
2726:
subtitles are a separate subtitle track that uses expanded references (i.e., "The sake was excellent as was the Wasabi") or can replace the standardized subtitle track with a
1073:
import, and the newsroom computer. This allows one facility to handle a variety of online captioning requirements and to ensure that captioners properly caption all programs.
3766:
3975:
character Areola speaks lightly accented English, but her dialogue is subtitled anyway. Also, the text is spaced in such a way that a view of her bare breasts is unhindered.
4328:
situation: newscasters and public officials from the country use a "high" or formal variety which is relatively intelligible to Malaysians, popular media like soap operas (
177:
736:
if it is a work for electronic media (e.g., TV, video, DVD) or on film length (measured in feet and frames) if the subtitles are to be used for traditional cinema film.
3646:
Subtitles created for TV broadcast are stored in a variety of file formats. The majority of these formats are proprietary to the vendors of subtitle insertion systems.
4004:(English words that sound close to what is actually being sung in the song in the non-English language). These fake lyrics are a major staple of the Animutation genre.
1752:
are always dubbed, not subtitled, when they are shown in the rest of the country. Some non-Spanish-speaking TV stations subtitle interviews in Spanish; others do not.
1080:
News bulletins, on the other hand, can often be captioned without stenographic input (unless there are live crosses or ad-libbing by the presenters). This is because:
3715:
the viewpoint of a particular character who does not speak the language. Such absence of subtitles allows the audience to feel a similar sense of incomprehension and
4337:
4716:
1038:
National Working Party on Captioning (NWPC), in November 1998, three examples of sport captioning, each performed on tennis, rugby league and swimming programs:
4486:
4602:
4579:
For non-live, or pre-recorded programs, you can choose from two presentation styles models for offline captioning or transcription needs in English or Spanish.
4401:
1837:. This method is mainly used in television broadcasts and home media, but these countries generally also use dubbing or subtitles as well in other contexts.
750:
and later superimposed on the picture by the end user with the help of an external decoder or a decoder built into the TV (closed subtitles on TV or video);
4995:
1151:
1087:
Individual news stories are of short duration, so even if they are made available only just prior to broadcast, there is still time to use QWERTY in text.
4972:
4951:
1570:, the subtitle translator may translate both form and meaning. The subtitle translator may also choose to display a note in the subtitles, usually in
5203:
4148:
Japanese chauffeur asks "I begga pardon β I bringa bags inna house?" that elicits a gong sound and Japanese subtitles. This is followed by Mother's
1398:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
4200:
513:
5465:
2593:
It is also common that television services in minority languages subtitle their programs in the dominant language as well. Examples include the
1187:
723:, subtitles may be shown on a separate display below the screen, thus saving the filmmaker from creating a subtitled copy for just one showing.
3649:
Broadcast subtitle formats include: .ESY, .XIF, .X32, .PAC, .RAC, .CHK, .AYA, .890, .CIP, .CAP, .ULT, .USF, .CIN, .L32, .ST4, .ST7, .TIT, .STL
2999:
None, though subtitles added by re-encoding of the original video may degrade overall image quality, and the sharp edges of text may introduce
2706:
are typically used by dubbed programs and provide only the text for any untranslated on-screen text. They are most commonly forced (see above).
1626:(FCC) recommends translation subtitles be placed in CC3. CC4, which shares bandwidth with CC3, is also available, but programs seldom use it.
4126:
3900:, Susie Chef and Mater speak Chinese with English subtitles and Luigi, Mama Lopolino and Uncle Topolino speak Italian with English subtitles.
416:
2848:. Text rendering quality can vary depending on the player, but is generally higher than prerendered subtitles. Also, some formats introduce
4284:
3664:
2230:
must be subtitled for the hearing impaired. Moreover, in recent years it became a norm in other channels and broadcasting bodies in Israel)
790:
4229:
4740:
1329:. In a bid to reach the largest audience possible, Shaw had already recorded his films in Mandarin, reasoning it would be most universal
525:
5233:
1199:
1049:
input to type summary captions yielding the essence of what the commentators are saying, delayed due to the limitations of QWERTY input.
761:
graphics that are later superimposed on the picture by the end user's equipment (closed subtitles on DVD or as part of a DVB broadcast).
551:
5408:
2796:) subtitles are separate video frames that are overlaid on the original video stream while playing. Prerendered subtitles are used on
1069:
News captioning applications currently available are designed to accept text from a variety of inputs: stenography, Velotype, QWERTY,
1363:
3984:, the leading characters have a conversation in a crowded club. To understand what is being said, the entire dialogue is subtitled.
1066:
making stenography unavoidable. Other bulletins may be pre-recorded just before going to air, making pre-prepared text preferable.
4561:
1460:
shows are more for decorative purpose, something that is not seen in television in Europe and the Americas. Some shows even place
902:
Same-language captions, i.e., without translation, were primarily intended as an aid for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
498:
3962:(nonsensical words which mostly consist of Japanese company names), but the content of the subtitles is the "real" conversation.
1084:
Most items are scripted on the newsroom computer system and this text can be electronically imported into the captioning system.
4670:
4626:
1623:
642:
subtitles provide cultural context to viewers. For example, a subtitle could be used to explain to an audience unfamiliar with
4894:
2414:(almost all live-action movies in cinemas are subtitled; some movies can be found in two versions, with subtitles and dubbing)
1464:
over those subtitles. This practice of subtitling has been spread to neighbouring countries including South Korea and Taiwan.
4527:
1256:
385:
360:
1337:, Shaw also decided to include English subtitles to reach English speakers in Hong Kong and allow for exports outside Asia.
5503:
5366:
4437:
1763:
Since the introduction of the DVD and, later, the Blu-ray Disc, some high budget films include the simultaneous option of
1614:
Programs with a diverse audience also often have captions in another language. This is common with popular Latin American
4443:"Submissions to the captioning standards review | Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts"
4402:
https://www.consumerreports.org/disability-rights/auto-captions-often-fall-short-on-zoom-facebook-and-others-a9742392879/
4008:
3881:
4662:
100:
1406:
1042:
Heavily reduced: Captioners ignore commentary and provide only scores and essential information such as "try" or "out".
411:
1419:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
72:
5024:
4483:
2164:
often happens, but subtitling is also common, since these foreign programs are often broadcast in multiple languages)
1541:
493:
401:
119:
5263:
4663:"What you need to know about the DTV Transition in American Sign Language: Part 3 β Closed Captioning β Flash Video"
1523:
1872:
In several countries or regions nearly all foreign language TV programs are subtitled, instead of dubbed, such as:
680:. Regardless of who does the writing, they must include information on when each line of text should be displayed.
3702:) is also proposed as an 'open' format for subtitle exchange and distribution to media players, such as Microsoft
2873:
if they are distributed as separate file (that is less convenient, but it is easier to edit or change such file).
4699:
3931:
3889:
2408:(some Filipino films were all subtitled in English, but all foreign television programs were dubbed in Filipino.)
79:
5102:
2464:
in English, Chinese and Malay, with some subtitling bilingual in either Chinese and English or Chinese and Malay
4925:
4839:
4773:
4502:
4224:
3721:
1843: General dubbing: Countries in Europe where dubbing is used for most foreign-language films and TV series.
1519:
544:
467:
273:
57:
5528:
5426:
4969:
4948:
4691:
3789:
2812:
1619:
1555:
usually preferred as it is possible for the audience to hear the original dialogue and voices of the actors.
747:
314:
299:
2730:
form replacing references to local custom (i.e., from above, "The wine was excellent as was the spicy dip").
656:, where subtitles show the characters' inner thoughts, which contradict what they were saying in the audio.
2637:
1917:
890:. If automatic captions are available for the language, they will automatically be published on the video.
86:
3884:". Subtitles translate their speech, which is full of colorful expressions and mild profanity, into bland
1797:
where dubbing is only used for children's programs and family films; otherwise, subtitles are solely used.
1468:
in Hong Kong once practiced this style of decorative subtitles on its variety shows while it was owned by
4299:
3987:
3880:
speaking in heavily accented slang, which another character refers to as if it were a foreign language: "
3832:
607:
437:
406:
232:
3994:
juxtaposes a soundtrack of a man telling lies on the telephone against subtitles which expose the truth.
375:
4475:
4182:
3785:
3669:
3631:
2949:
Usually requires installation of special software, unless national regulators mandate its distribution
1515:
1142:
53:
2685:
the dialogue of the Spanish slave traders is subtitled, while African languages are left untranslated.
2336:(subtitles in Burmese, typically in Non-Burmese children's programming and anime, dubbing rarely used)
1803: Mixed areas: Countries in Europe occasionally using either multi-voice voice-over translations (
68:
4863:
4717:"Hollywood Studios & Netflix Blasted For Civil Rights Violations In Song-Captioning Class Action"
4158:
4121:
3888:, but the typical viewer can understand enough of what they are saying to recognize the incongruity.
3577:
There are still many more uncommon formats. Most of them are text-based and have the extension .txt.
3472:
3423:
2324:(subtitles in Montenegrin, children's shows dubbed in Serbian; Serbian subtitles imported frequently)
2004:(subtitles in Malay for programming & movies in English and vernacular languages such as Chinese)
1477:
537:
24:
5211:
4378:
1964:(Belarusian subtitles are used in foreign films and television programs except for children's media)
1825:
which feature one or two voices, while lowering the volume of the original soundtrack; examples are
1815:); otherwise, subtitles are solely used, with the exception of children's programs and family films.
5473:
5009:
4279:
3972:
3781:
2861:
such as technical parameters (aperture, exposure value, exposure duration, photosensitivity, etc.).
2697:
1988:(Children's shows are dubbed in Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian, everything else subtitled in Bosnian)
1638:, in which other actors record over the voices of the original actors in a different language, and
1504:
1414:
1285:
1252:
1248:
754:
488:
5344:
5450:
5394:
4249:
4029:
3918:
3850:
2671:
subtitles are common on movies and only provide subtitles when the characters speak a foreign or
2136:; in TV children's programs are dubbed and off-screen narration in documentaries is often dubbed)
1508:
1284:
capture the spirit of what is being said. Languages like Japanese also have a rich vocabulary of
775:
370:
278:
217:
192:
46:
2869:, if they are embedded in a single video file container along with video and audio streams, and
5127:
3967:
3598:
1985:
1907:
1822:
1639:
1223:
453:
339:
237:
207:
2360:(Children's programs dubbed in Macedonian or Serbian, everything else subtitled in Macedonian)
1145:
allow the end-user to customize the captions, including the ability to remove the black band.
1126:
Blu-ray Discs, and some Columbia Pictures DVDs) do have positioning, but it is not as common.
172:
5241:
4074:
4013:
2805:
2783:
2727:
1435:
1260:
1227:
1052:
Comprehensive realtime: Captioners use stenography to caption the commentary in its entirety.
921:
701:
639:
508:
365:
268:
212:
197:
1030:
Stenography is a system of rendering words phonetically, and English, with its multitude of
5533:
4244:
3980:
3905:
3855:
3682:
3000:
2858:
2712:
subtitles are an additional set of text blurbs that are added to DVDs. They are similar to
2446:(all children's shows and teleshopping are dubbed, everything else is subtitled in Serbian)
2227:
2133:
2065:
1635:
1330:
1326:
520:
380:
222:
136:
4806:
1001:
for captioning) typically results in coverage of less than 30% of a local news broadcast.
8:
5523:
4195:
4186:
3936:
2853:
the video recording since the usually memorized clock time at start and real clock time.
2543:
2421:
2193:
1995:
924:
887:
867:
851:
568:
447:
304:
263:
253:
227:
202:
2118:
subtitles are used in foreign films and television programs except for children's media)
5084:
4565:
4239:
3909:, incorrect subtitles are deliberately used, often with offensive and humorous results.
2808:
2471:
2367:
2291:
2177:
2093:
1457:
1023:
883:
669:
564:
309:
187:
182:
93:
20:
4166:, having her supposedly denouncing hatred towards the trio of presenters ("but mainly
3729:
dialogue spoken by the Iranian characters is not subtitled because the main character
2648:
Subtitles in the same language on the same production can be in different categories:
1736:(the dominant language in film and TV) and thus prefer to hear the original dialogue.
5538:
5420:
5076:
4814:
4781:
4748:
4685:
4103:"Sarang" ("I love you"), but the subtitle is so long that it covers the whole screen.
4081:
4021:
3959:
3945:
that vaguely resemble the lines that are actually being spoken in film, if they are "
3837:
3716:
2431:
2399:
2237:
2139:
2115:
2053:
1897:
1881:
1741:
1583:
1410:
1334:
1215:
1119:
911:
859:
622:
are subtitles that include written descriptions of other elements of the audio, like
432:
283:
167:
4360:
5066:
4643:
4036:
3941:
3885:
3877:
3777:
3726:
3553:
2676:
2619:
2612:
2608:
2519:
2487:
2475:
2269:
2265:
2129:
2125:
2061:
2057:
1955:
1933:
1745:
1473:
1314:
1301:
1123:
879:
875:
871:
855:
831:
458:
4531:
5370:
4976:
4955:
4929:
4703:
4490:
4479:
4333:
4269:
3842:
3809:
Occasionally, movies will use subtitles as a source of humor, parody and satire.
2835:
2497:
2395:
2357:
2087:
1951:
1947:
1812:
1749:
1465:
863:
843:
839:
835:
758:
733:
661:
635:
595:
463:
442:
2534:(Mandarin subtitles appear on most shows and all news or live action broadcasts)
1181:
Example of non-speech information in SDH (two sources: off-screen and on-screen)
739:
The finished subtitle file is used to add the subtitles to the picture, either:
5128:"Sony Digital Video Recorder Handycam Operating Guide β DCR-HC52/HC54 (MiniDV)"
5032:
4458:
4447:
4134:
4058:
3733:
does not speak Persian and the audience is seeing the film from her viewpoint.
3730:
3594:
3176:
2991:
Relatively small subtitle file or instructions stream, multiplexed or separate
2681:
2672:
2601:
2594:
2479:
2213:
2209:
2077:
1943:
1723:
1428:
973:
827:
812:
576:
572:
5440:
5384:
5178:
5071:
5054:
4630:
5512:
5080:
4818:
4785:
4752:
4294:
4171:
4050:
3954:
3863:
2849:
2483:
2056:, everything else is subtitled in Croatian. Subtitling mutually intelligible
1788:
showing which audiovisual translation methods are preferred in each country.
1756:
1719:
1679:
1634:
The two alternative methods of 'translating' films in a foreign language are
977:
931:
920:
The "CC in a TV" symbol Jack Foley created, while senior graphic designer at
720:
646:
that it is a type of Japanese wine. Lastly, subtitles are sometimes used for
355:
258:
5293:
5152:
4660:
4589:
the preferred presentation style for entertainment-type programming. β¦ 2002
4204:
whose opening title was subtitled, "Star war: The backstroke of the west".
4045:
3923:
3824:
3615:
2717:
2713:
2555:
2467:
1461:
1453:
1322:
1219:
1138:
1115:
1010:
998:
916:
673:
627:
152:
4162:, in episode 6 of Series 13, they purposely mistranslate the song sung by
1780:
5271:
4999:
4163:
4143:
4063:
3997:
3913:
3820:
3738:
3703:
2633:
2493:
2405:
2345:
2105:
1711:
1663:
1571:
1559:
1309:
1272:
811:
Some programs and online software allow automatic captions, mainly using
611:
603:
334:
329:
144:
5088:
2762:
While distributing content, subtitles can appear in one of three types:
2458:(children's shows are dubbed, everything else is subtitled in Slovenian)
1101:
is the preferred presentation style for entertainment-type programming.
4254:
4198:, with humorous results. One of the better-known examples is a copy of
4149:
4116:
4001:
3815:
3073:
2840:
2573:
2537:
2434:
for most shows, except children's programs, which started to be dubbed)
2321:
2255:
2243:
2186:(most English channels now give subtitles of their programs in English)
2043:
1929:
1923:
1903:
1728:
1675:
1667:
1643:
1615:
1417:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
796:
782:
767:
688:
652:
638:. Subtitles may also add information that is not present in the audio.
483:
4696:
4125:, the thoughts of the overweight Broomhilde's (Megan Cavanaugh) horse
3827:
are having a conversation; their real thoughts are shown in subtitles.
2865:
In other categorization, digital video subtitles are sometimes called
4981:
4741:"Netflix and film studios face lawsuit over song captioning for deaf"
4603:"Closed Captions v. Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH)"
4325:
4274:
4264:
4214:
4167:
4108:
4089:
4069:
3872:
3609:
3249:
2854:
2693:
2579:
2503:
2461:
2452:(children's shows are dubbed, everything else is subtitled in Slovak)
2351:
2281:
2189:
2161:
2157:
2151:
1913:
1887:
1834:
1469:
1318:
1297:
1031:
1014:
707:
665:
4996:"Ask Mr. Know-It-All: Why do all films in Hong Kong have subtitles?"
4922:
4506:
3694:
The Timed Text format currently a "Candidate Recommendation" of the
2754:
subtitles are 'open to all' and cannot be turned off by the viewer;
2656:
1493:
35:
5319:
4234:
4219:
3678:
3626:
3497:
3228:
3151:
2626:
2525:
2509:
2455:
2449:
2417:
2385:
2373:
2315:
2297:
2287:
2284:(all channels are subtitles and cinemas, children shows are dubbed)
2208:(subtitles in English for non-English programs, including those in
2167:
2031:
2013:
2007:
1854:
1804:
1687:
1018:
771:
615:
2782:
song lyrics using various colors, fonts, sizes, animation (like a
1104:
4884:, Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, p. 266-270
4439:
Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts
4364:
4304:
4259:
3640:
3203:
2839:, separate instructions, usually a specially marked up text with
2801:
2779:
2615:
2585:
2567:
2561:
2427:
2333:
2327:
2205:
2173:
2121:
2111:
2099:
2083:
2049:
1979:
1961:
1939:
1893:
1877:
1864:
1850:
1715:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1671:
1651:
1304:
or any dialect can be understood by viewers unfamiliar with it.
1226:, guaranteeing equal rights for people with disabilities). Judge
1211:
1097:
identifications, italics, special characters, and sound effects.
927:
819:
587:
319:
4867:
3709:
2142:(Subtitles in Georgian, children's shows principally are dubbed)
1392:
5028:
4098:
4093:
4085:) requiring subtitles even when shown on television in England.
3896:
3522:
3398:
2977:
Depends on player and subtitle file format, but generally poor
2845:
2816:
2549:
2531:
2515:
2443:
2437:
2411:
2379:
2363:
2309:
2261:
2223:
2196:, some foreign movies have subtitles in more than one language)
2145:
2071:
2001:
1991:
1973:
1967:
1830:
1826:
1808:
1794:
1785:
1707:
1683:
1659:
1567:
1169:
Example of non-speech information in SDH (source is off-screen)
1134:
1046:
823:
774:
which could also be used to show subtitles as softsubs in many
726:
647:
478:
473:
1579:
1575:
5317:
4289:
2339:
2303:
2249:
2233:
2183:
2025:
2019:
1926:(subtitles in Azeri, children's shows principally are dubbed)
1884:, children's movies and TV shows are dubbed, mostly animated)
1703:
1655:
1450:
1268:
1264:
1070:
847:
623:
599:
16:
Textual representation of events and speech in motion imagery
5519:
Culture articles needing translation from Japanese Knowledge
4807:"The Real Reason You Use Closed Captions for Everything Now"
4472:
2424:, but children's shows and documentaries are usually dubbed)
3699:
3673:
3589:
3547:
3327:
3308:
2957:
Low to high, depending on video resolution and compression
2391:
2275:
2199:
2080:(Some cable television & cinemas are used in subtitles)
2037:
799:
643:
631:
591:
5294:"Specification of the EBU Subtitling data exchange format"
4667:
The Digital TV Transition: What You Need to Know About DTV
4661:
The Digital TV Transition β Audio and Video (2008-05-01).
4230:
Comparison of software video players with subtitle support
2963:
Low to high, depending on player and subtitle file format
2148:(only children's shows are dubbed and films are subtitled)
691:
and thus cannot be removed once added. On the other hand,
683:
Second, subtitles need to be distributed to the audience.
4934:
4637:
3695:
3653:
3184:
3086:
2797:
2604:
2597:
2217:
1610:
1218:(as the work is henceforth not completely subtitled) and
630:. Captions are thus especially helpful to people who are
3719:
that the character feels. An example of this is seen in
2988:
Separate low-bitrate video stream, commonly multiplexed
1609:
example, for many of its films and television programs,
1234:
676:, rather than more official sources, are referred to as
19:"Subtitle" redirects here. For use in print media, see
2640:
airs its foreign-language shows subtitled in English.
2268:, occasionally in Latvian-language shows or simply in
1629:
2811:. Also, changing such subtitles is hard, but special
1384:
a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.
575:
and Dominique Minot conversing subtitled in English.
5318:
Philippe Le HΓ©garet; Sean Hayes (6 September 2012).
2912:
Multiple subtitle variants (for example, languages)
1880:(almost all foreign-language shows are subtitled in
1821: Voice-over: Countries in Europe usually using
1388:
1259:) have found that use of subtitles can help promote
1157:
Example of speaker ID in SDH (voices are off-screen)
2741:"Extended Subtitles" being used by other companies.
2716:' in-movie content or to the "info nuggets" in VH1
2564:(subtitles in Ukrainian, which programs are dubbed)
934:
so that anyone who captions TV programs can use it.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5337:
5176:
4970:Hindi film songs can boost literacy rates in India
4949:Hindi film songs can boost literacy rates in India
3958:, there is a scene where the actors speak in faux
2440:(subtitles in Russian, which programs were dubbed)
2216:for programs shown on the Irish language channel:
1009:Communication access real-time translation (CART)
4882:Deaf HeritageβA Narrative History of Deaf America
4774:"How Generation Z became obsessed with subtitles"
3745:
2618:in Finland who subtitle in the majority language
2348:(subtitles in Dutch, children's shows are dubbed)
5510:
4170:") for destroying what is claimed to be her own
3841:film, Austin and Nigel Powers directly speak in
2819:exists to convert such subtitles to "soft" ones.
2330:(all Romanian subtitles and children are dubbed)
4993:
4673:(FCC). Archived from the original on 2008-05-28
3736:A variation of this was used in the video game
2968:Transitions, karaoke and other special effects
1558:Subtitle translation may be different from the
1214:were sued over this practice, citing claims of
1105:Subtitles for the deaf or hard-of-hearing (SDH)
687:subtitles are added directly to recorded video
5504:Proposed set of subtitling standards in Europe
5256:
4961:
4000:commonly use subtitles to present the comical
1413:accompanying your translation by providing an
1375:Click for important translation instructions.
1362:expand this section with text translated from
1340:
4917:
4915:
4379:"How to Add Subtitles to Video Automatically"
3710:Reasons for not subtitling a foreign language
3020:
545:
5299:. European Broadcasting Union. February 1991
5059:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
4285:Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
4201:Star Wars: Episode III β Revenge of the Sith
930:that invented captioning for television, is
791:Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
727:Creation, delivery, and display of subtitles
590:representing the contents of the audio in a
5415:. Archived from the original on 2019-10-20.
2915:Yes, though all displayed at the same time
1775:
1522:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1243:
743:directly into the picture (open subtitles);
5409:"Vance Joy β Riptide Lyrics β MetroLyrics"
5179:"JACOsub Script File Format Specification"
4912:
4895:"Closed Captioning Gives Literacy a Boost"
4441:; Australian Caption Centre (1999-02-26).
2946:Majority of players support DVD subtitles
2655:subtitles (sometimes abbreviated as HI or
1900:, children's shows principally are dubbed)
552:
538:
5466:"episode iii, the backstroke of the west"
5210:. RealNetworks. 1998β2000. Archived from
5153:"EBU-TT-D Subtitling Distribution Format"
5070:
5025:"Croatian TV Risks Row Over Serbian Film"
4840:"Get Over Your Fear Of Subtitles, Please"
4594:
4556:
4554:
3922:, after stopping Dr. Michael Hfuhruhurr (
3181:.ttxt (or mixed with audio-video stream)
1542:Learn how and when to remove this message
1296:In some East Asian countries, especially
1291:
897:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4632:Closed Captioning and the DTV Transition
4600:
4433:
4431:
4429:
2954:Visual appearance, colors, font quality
1779:
1255:and the What Works Clearinghouse of the
915:
618:. Although naming conventions can vary,
563:
5052:
5022:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4376:
4028:In the American theatrical versions of
1013:, who use a computer with using either
806:
5511:
5499:ESIST Code of Good Subtitling Practice
5463:
4714:
4671:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
4627:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
4551:
4016:that is subtitled in standard English.
3876:and its sequel feature two inner-city
3585:For cinema movies shown in a theatre:
1624:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
1205:Example of lyrics transcription in SDH
1045:Significantly reduced: Captioners use
822:, automatic captions are available in
504:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
4771:
1994:(some cinemas and cable channels use
1257:United States Department of Education
1235:Use by hearing people for convenience
361:Internationalization and localization
5442:Vance Joy β 'Riptide' Official Video
4940:
4804:
4406:
4012:contains a scene spoken entirely in
3854:, the Beatles use the subtitles of "
3749:
2582:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2570:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2546:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2388:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2382:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2354:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2312:(cable and satellite tv and cinemas)
2170:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2154:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2108:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2102:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2096:(satellite TV and cable and cinemas)
2046:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2040:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2034:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
2022:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1982:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1970:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1890:(cable and satellite TV and cinemas)
1618:in Spanish. Since CC1 and CC2 share
1520:adding citations to reliable sources
1487:
1344:
989:are not locked to program timecode.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
5150:
4543:"Real-time" vs. Newsroom Captioning
4009:Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels
3015:
1630:Subtitles vs. dubbing and lectoring
1193:Example of music description in SDH
579:are used to differentiate speakers.
13:
5023:Pavelic, Boris (27 January 2012).
4837:
3780:by removing the content or adding
2074:(subtitles in Greek & Turkish)
1110:visually tell who is saying what.
905:
494:Books and magazines on translation
14:
5550:
5492:
4338:lesser degrees of intelligibility
3597:: digital projection of movie in
2696:) or at the end of a film (e.g.,
1904:Arab Middle East and North Africa
606:media. Subtitles might provide a
5453:from the original on 2021-11-07.
5397:from the original on 2021-11-07.
5386:Skithouse: News report from Iraq
5238:Internet Archive Wayback Machine
3754:
3564:
3561:
3551:
3510:
3507:
3232:
3082:
2506:(subtitles in Sinhala and Tamil)
2052:(Children's shows are dubbed in
1727:and Spain; an expedient form of
1492:
1349:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1122:DVDs and Blu-ray Discs and most
151:
34:
5457:
5433:
5401:
5377:
5359:
5345:"(Xbox 360 Review) Max Payne 3"
5311:
5286:
5264:"ASS File Format Specification"
5226:
5196:
5170:
5144:
5120:
5095:
5046:
5016:
4987:
4984:. Accessed on February 10, 2009
4937:. Accessed on February 10, 2009
4887:
4874:
4856:
4831:
4798:
4765:
4733:
4708:
4654:
4503:"National Captioning Institute"
4318:
3932:Monty Python and the Holy Grail
3903:In parodies of the German film
1449:On-screen subtitles as seen in
1222:violations (under California's
993:as short interstitial updates.
983:
45:needs additional citations for
4994:Mr. Know-It-All (2015-05-21).
4715:Patten, Dominic (2015-10-20).
4619:
4601:Edelberg, Elisa (2017-06-19).
4520:
4495:
4395:
4370:
4354:
4225:Comparison of subtitle editors
3746:Subtitles as a source of humor
3233:β (embedded in Ogg container)
2750:Subtitles exist in two forms;
2272:-language channels in Russian)
1793: Subtitles: Countries in
1483:
1425:{{Translated|ja|γγ©γ¨γγ£ηͺη΅#γγγγ}}
1423:You may also add the template
526:Kural translations by language
499:Bible translations by language
274:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
5472:. Google, Inc. Archived from
5103:"MISSING HEAVEN, MAKING HELL"
4982:Asian Film Foundation website
4377:Forster, Peter (2018-01-18).
4347:
4336:informal register which have
3637:Philips Overlay Graphics Text
3612:subtitles (related to VobSub)
2643:
2420:(most shows are subtitled in
1589:
1313:, the practice to caption in
1288:which is used in captioning.
514:List of most translated works
315:Translation management system
5183:Unicorn Research Corporation
4156:In the UK television series
3580:
1603:
1594:
1133:High-definition disc media (
966:
7:
5177:Alex Matulich (1997β2002).
5157:European Broadcasting Union
4582:Premiere Offline Captioning
4300:Transcription (linguistics)
4207:
3833:Austin Powers in Goldmember
3375:Structured Subtitle Format
1472:in Taiwan (which also owns
1341:Japanese reality television
753:or converted (rendered) to
10:
5555:
5204:"RealText Authoring Guide"
4805:Kehe, Jason (2018-06-26).
3929:In the opening credits of
3890:Transcript of the dialogue
3858:" to defeat a giant glove.
3618:subtitles (related to PGS)
3021:For software video players
2212:. Occasional subtitles in
1387:Machine translation, like
1091:
909:
714:
18:
5425:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5347:. The Entertainment Depot
5072:10.1163/22134379-90003741
5055:"Diglossia in Indonesian"
4772:Kelly, Guy (2022-07-24).
4690:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4141:In the television series
4132:In the television series
4122:Robin Hood: Men in Tights
3776:Please help Knowledge to
3605:For movies on DVD Video:
3473:Universal Subtitle Format
2588:(subtitles in Vietnamese)
1364:the corresponding article
1060:
25:Subtitle (disambiguation)
5324:Timed Text Working Group
5234:"Spruce Subtitle Format"
5133:. Sony. 2008. p. 34
5010:South China Morning Post
4967:Biswas, Ranjita (2005).
4946:Biswas, Ranjita (2005).
4361:Use automatic captioning
4311:
4280:Same language subtitling
3973:foreign exchange student
3947:people who hate the film
3429:.ssa or .ass (advanced)
2932:Difficult, but possible
2898:Can be turned off or on
2745:
2318:(subtitles in Mongolian)
2010:(subtitles in Bulgarian)
1776:Subtitling as a practice
1253:University of Nottingham
1249:Same language subtitling
1244:Same-language subtitling
489:Journalistic translation
4646:Event occurs at 1m58s.
4250:Interactive transcripts
4049:contains a scene where
3919:The Man with Two Brains
3722:Not Without My Daughter
3660:For internet delivery:
3370:Sequential time+frames
3367:Sequential time+frames
3352:Spruce subtitle format
1976:(subtitles in Dzongkha)
1958:from TV & Cinemas.)
1823:voice-over translations
1434:For more guidance, see
1335:British-ruled Hong Kong
1278:
1004:
672:. Subtitles written by
371:Video game localization
279:Contrastive linguistics
5464:jeremy (6 July 2005).
5053:Sneddon, J.N. (2003).
4564:. 2002. Archived from
4530:. 2002. Archived from
4332:) however use a "low"
4096:of Korean dramas in a
3968:Not Another Teen Movie
2985:Inside original video
2857:may record additional
2558:(subtitles in Turkmen)
2552:(subtitles in Turkish)
2306:(subtitles in Maltese)
2300:(subtitles in Dhivehi)
2252:(subtitles in Swahili)
2202:(subtitles in Persian)
1986:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1908:Modern Standard Arabic
1869:
1292:Chinese-speaking world
1224:Unruh Civil Rights Act
1027:text as people speak.
949:("SONG TITLE" PLAYING)
935:
898:Same-language captions
776:software video players
580:
454:Telephone interpreting
340:Multimedia translation
23:. For other uses, see
4106:In television series
4014:cockney rhyming slang
3003:in surrounding video
2833:subtitles) are, like
2342:(subtitles in Nepali)
2258:(subtitles in Kyrgyz)
2246:(subtitles in Kazakh)
1783:
1436:Knowledge:Translation
1407:copyright attribution
1298:Chinese-speaking ones
1261:reading comprehension
1228:Stephen Victor Wilson
919:
781:For multimedia-style
719:Sometimes, mainly at
702:media player software
567:
386:Software localization
366:Language localization
269:Translation criticism
198:Linguistic validation
5529:Assistive technology
5367:"BBC β Film Network"
4880:Gannon, Jack. 1981.
4629:(FCC) (2008-05-01).
4185:'s music video for "
3856:All you need is love
3819:, the characters of
3778:improve this article
3685:-compatible players)
3245:Sequential granules
2996:Additional overhead
2940:Player requirements
2844:frequently used for
2576:(subtitles in Uzbek)
2540:(subtitles in Tajik)
2512:(subtitles in Dutch)
2016:(subtitles in Khmer)
1516:improve this section
1327:Shaw Brothers Studio
1321:during the 1960s by
807:Automatic captioning
770:in combination with
664:, it may be done by
381:Website localization
54:improve this article
5373:on August 31, 2006.
5107:Washington Examiner
4196:machine translation
4187:Smells Like Nirvana
4183:"Weird Al" Yankovic
4062:, also directed by
3790:independent sources
3634:Subtitles (DVB-SUB)
3027:
2880:
2544:Trinidad and Tobago
2528:(subtitles in Thai)
2376:(subtitles in Urdu)
668:or using automated
448:Video relay service
305:Machine translation
264:Translation project
254:Translation studies
5244:on 28 October 2009
5214:on 2 November 2011
4975:2009-08-20 at the
4954:2009-08-20 at the
4928:2008-08-28 at the
4702:2008-05-02 at the
4577:Offline Captioning
4562:"Caption Colorado"
4528:"Caption Colorado"
4489:2004-12-25 at the
4478:1998-12-02 at the
4240:Danmaku subtitling
4072:released the film
3990:' 2000 short film
3622:For TV broadcast:
3025:
2876:
2815:software, such as
2809:font rasterization
2632:In Australia, one
2278:(subtitles in Lao)
2094:Dominican Republic
1870:
1470:Want Want Holdings
1458:reality television
1415:interlanguage link
1331:variety of Chinese
1024:speech recognition
957:(THUNDER RUMBLING)
936:
925:public broadcaster
670:speech recognition
581:
569:1960s film Charade
310:Mobile translation
21:Subtitle (titling)
5393:. 5 August 2007.
4838:Farley, Rebecca.
4324:Indonesian has a
4082:The Price of Coal
4022:The Angry Beavers
4019:In an episode of
3878:African Americans
3807:
3806:
3575:
3574:
3426:SubStation Alpha
3256:Phoenix Subtitle
3177:MPEG-4 Timed Text
3134:Text with markup
3049:Timing precision
3013:
3012:
2698:Gods and Generals
2116:Estonian language
1584:Japanese pronouns
1552:
1551:
1544:
1447:
1446:
1376:
1372:
1317:was pioneered in
1216:false advertising
1120:Universal Studios
912:Closed captioning
748:vertical interval
562:
561:
433:Untranslatability
284:Polysystem theory
130:
129:
122:
104:
5546:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5449:. 2 April 2013.
5437:
5431:
5430:
5424:
5416:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5369:. Archived from
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5270:. Archived from
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5240:. Archived from
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
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5099:
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5043:
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4959:
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4907:
4906:
4891:
4885:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4866:. Archived from
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4835:
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4828:
4826:
4825:
4802:
4796:
4795:
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4792:
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4763:
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4760:
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4728:
4727:
4712:
4706:
4695:
4689:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4644:Washington, D.C.
4641:
4623:
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4614:
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4592:
4591:
4574:
4573:
4558:
4549:
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4540:
4539:
4524:
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4517:
4515:
4514:
4505:. Archived from
4499:
4493:
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4468:
4462:
4452:. Archived from
4451:
4435:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4374:
4368:
4358:
4341:
4322:
3942:Henry IV, part 2
3886:standard English
3851:Yellow Submarine
3802:
3799:
3793:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3467:10 milliseconds
3444:10 milliseconds
3322:10 milliseconds
3223:10 milliseconds
3220:Sequential time
3123:10 milliseconds
3028:
3024:
3016:Subtitle formats
2881:
2878:Comparison table
2875:
2677:Steven Spielberg
2653:Hearing impaired
2607:who subtitle in
2228:Israeli channels
1862:
1848:
1842:
1820:
1802:
1792:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1496:
1488:
1426:
1420:
1393:Google Translate
1374:
1370:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1315:Standard Chinese
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1124:20th Century Fox
818:For example, on
746:embedded in the
577:Quotation dashes
554:
547:
540:
509:Translated books
459:Language barrier
376:Dub localization
155:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
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5508:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5479:
5477:
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5458:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5418:
5417:
5413:metrolyrics.com
5407:
5406:
5402:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5316:
5312:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5274:on 25 June 2017
5262:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5149:
5145:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5112:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5051:
5047:
5037:
5035:
5021:
5017:
5004:
5002:
4992:
4988:
4977:Wayback Machine
4966:
4962:
4956:Wayback Machine
4945:
4941:
4930:Wayback Machine
4920:
4913:
4904:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4879:
4875:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4848:
4846:
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4832:
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4821:
4803:
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4790:
4788:
4770:
4766:
4757:
4755:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4725:
4723:
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4709:
4704:Wayback Machine
4683:
4682:
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4674:
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4635:
4625:
4624:
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4611:
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4583:
4581:
4580:
4578:
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4537:
4535:
4526:
4525:
4521:
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4500:
4496:
4491:Wayback Machine
4480:Wayback Machine
4466:
4464:
4456:
4445:
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4400:
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4387:
4385:
4375:
4371:
4359:
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4350:
4345:
4344:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4270:Subtitle editor
4210:
4092:'s "Tae Do", a
3843:Cockney English
3803:
3797:
3794:
3775:
3771:popular culture
3759:
3755:
3748:
3712:
3583:
3552:β (embedded in
3105:Gloss Subtitle
3026:Sortable table
3023:
3018:
2836:closed captions
2825:(also known as
2792:(also known as
2769:(also known as
2748:
2646:
2591:
2358:North Macedonia
2290:(subtitles in "
1916:(especially by
1868:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1818:
1816:
1813:Northern Cyprus
1800:
1798:
1790:
1778:
1632:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1513:
1497:
1486:
1480:) during 2009.
1443:
1442:
1441:
1424:
1418:
1377:
1371:(December 2023)
1354:
1350:
1343:
1294:
1281:
1246:
1237:
1206:
1203:
1194:
1191:
1182:
1179:
1170:
1167:
1158:
1155:
1107:
1094:
1063:
1007:
986:
969:
961:(DOOR CREAKING)
914:
908:
906:Closed captions
900:
809:
729:
717:
662:live television
636:hard-of-hearing
596:television show
571:with actresses
558:
464:Fan translation
443:Transliteration
233:Sense-for-sense
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5552:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5494:
5493:External links
5491:
5488:
5487:
5476:on 16 May 2008
5456:
5432:
5400:
5376:
5358:
5336:
5310:
5285:
5255:
5225:
5195:
5169:
5143:
5119:
5094:
5065:(4): 519β549.
5045:
5033:Balkan Insight
5015:
4986:
4960:
4939:
4911:
4899:Education Week
4886:
4873:
4870:on 2012-07-09.
4855:
4830:
4797:
4764:
4747:. 2015-10-20.
4732:
4707:
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4473:AUSCAP Website
4459:Microsoft Word
4448:Microsoft Word
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4135:Drawn Together
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4059:Fatal Instinct
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3769:references to
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3731:Betty Mahmoody
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2673:alien language
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1799:
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1757:Latin American
1724:United Kingdom
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1566:Especially in
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910:Main article:
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813:speech-to-text
808:
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721:film festivals
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573:Audrey Hepburn
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468:of video games
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425:Related topics
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5470:winterson.com
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4859:
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4816:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4778:The Telegraph
4775:
4768:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4693:
4687:
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4668:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4568:on 2007-07-29
4567:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4547:
4534:on 2007-08-23
4533:
4529:
4523:
4509:on 2011-07-19
4508:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4463:on 2007-09-08
4460:
4455:
4449:
4444:
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4428:
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4422:
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4403:
4398:
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4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Time shifting
4293:
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4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
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4205:
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4197:
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4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:Morris Marina
4169:
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4160:
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4146:
4145:
4140:
4137:
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4131:
4128:
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4105:
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4084:
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4077:
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4055:
4052:
4051:Jason Statham
4048:
4047:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:"fake lyrics"
3999:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:Trainspotting
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3955:Scary Movie 4
3951:
3948:
3944:
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3899:
3898:
3893:
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3879:
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3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:The Impostors
3860:
3857:
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3852:
3847:
3844:
3839:
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3834:
3829:
3826:
3822:
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3811:
3810:
3801:
3798:December 2023
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3763:This article
3761:
3752:
3751:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3684:
3681:/CFF-TT (for
3680:
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3668:
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3662:
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3658:
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3600:
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3586:
3578:
3570:
3568:Elapsed time
3567:
3558:
3555:
3549:
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3545:
3541:
3539:Elapsed time
3538:
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3532:
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3516:
3514:Elapsed time
3513:
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3489:Elapsed time
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:Elapsed time
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3452:.sub or .sbv
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3441:Elapsed time
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:Elapsed time
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3411:
3408:
3405:
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3392:
3390:Elapsed time
3389:
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3321:
3319:Elapsed time
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3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:Elapsed time
3293:
3290:
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3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
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3251:
3248:Dependent on
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3241:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
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3197:
3195:Elapsed time
3194:
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3188:
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3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:Elapsed time
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:Elapsed time
3119:
3116:
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3110:
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3104:
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3097:Elapsed time
3096:
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3040:Text styling
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2850:text encoding
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2784:bouncing ball
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2714:Blu-ray Discs
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22:
5478:. Retrieved
5474:the original
5469:
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5435:
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5390:
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5379:
5371:the original
5361:
5349:. Retrieved
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5327:. Retrieved
5323:
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5288:
5276:. Retrieved
5272:the original
5267:
5258:
5246:. Retrieved
5242:the original
5237:
5228:
5216:. Retrieved
5212:the original
5207:
5198:
5186:. Retrieved
5182:
5172:
5160:. Retrieved
5156:
5151:EBU (2015).
5146:
5135:. Retrieved
5122:
5111:. Retrieved
5109:. 1998-01-05
5106:
5097:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5036:. Retrieved
5018:
5008:– via
5003:. Retrieved
4989:
4968:
4963:
4947:
4942:
4923:Brij Kothari
4921:
4903:. Retrieved
4901:. 2015-07-21
4898:
4889:
4881:
4876:
4868:the original
4858:
4847:. Retrieved
4843:
4833:
4822:. Retrieved
4810:
4800:
4789:. Retrieved
4777:
4767:
4756:. Retrieved
4745:The Guardian
4744:
4735:
4724:. Retrieved
4720:
4710:
4675:. Retrieved
4666:
4656:
4647:
4631:
4621:
4610:. Retrieved
4606:
4596:
4576:
4570:. Retrieved
4566:the original
4542:
4536:. Retrieved
4532:the original
4522:
4511:. Retrieved
4507:the original
4497:
4465:. Retrieved
4454:the original
4397:
4386:. Retrieved
4382:
4372:
4356:
4329:
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4199:
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4120:
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4097:
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4020:
4007:
3998:Animutations
3992:Telling Lies
3991:
3979:
3966:
3953:
3946:
3940:
3930:
3924:Steve Martin
3917:
3904:
3895:
3871:
3862:
3849:
3831:
3825:Diane Keaton
3814:
3808:
3795:
3765:may contain
3764:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3713:
3693:
3659:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3621:
3616:Blu-ray Disc
3604:
3584:
3576:
3502:.sub + .idx
2890:Prerendered
2877:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2834:
2830:
2826:
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2806:anti-aliased
2793:
2789:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
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2751:
2749:
2737:
2733:
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2718:Pop-up Video
2709:
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2688:
2680:
2668:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2631:
2624:
2592:
2556:Turkmenistan
2468:South Africa
2160:(Dubbing in
1871:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1738:
1734:
1649:
1642:, a form of
1633:
1607:
1598:
1565:
1557:
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1529:
1514:Please help
1502:
1448:
1411:edit summary
1402:
1369:
1361:
1323:Run Run Shaw
1308:
1306:
1295:
1286:onomatopoeia
1282:
1247:
1238:
1220:civil rights
1209:
1139:Blu-ray Disc
1132:
1128:
1116:Warner Bros.
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1055:
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999:teleprompter
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619:
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582:
402:Associations
348:Localization
324:
292:Technologies
116:
110:October 2023
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5534:Translation
5278:10 February
5000:HK Magazine
4607:3Play Media
4164:Carla Bruni
4144:Green Acres
4127:Farfelkugel
4064:Carl Reiner
4031:Night Watch
3988:Simon Ellis
3971:, the nude
3937:Shakespeare
3914:Carl Reiner
3821:Woody Allen
3739:Max Payne 3
3704:Silverlight
3683:UltraViolet
3556:container)
2841:time stamps
2790:Prerendered
2704:Titles only
2494:South Korea
2406:Philippines
2346:Netherlands
2292:Malay(sian)
2106:El Salvador
2066:Montenegrin
1712:New Zealand
1664:Switzerland
1647:subtitled.
1616:soap operas
1572:parentheses
1560:translation
1484:Translation
1366:in Japanese
1310:HK Magazine
1273:Doordarshan
612:translation
604:audiovisual
521:Translators
335:Postediting
330:Pre-editing
145:Translation
69:"Subtitles"
5524:Subtitling
5513:Categories
5137:2022-01-17
5113:2019-11-24
5005:2023-05-31
4935:Ashoka.org
4905:2019-07-08
4849:2019-07-08
4844:Refinery29
4824:2019-07-08
4791:2022-08-03
4758:2019-07-08
4726:2019-07-08
4677:2008-05-01
4612:2020-04-10
4572:2007-10-24
4538:2007-10-24
4513:2011-04-28
4467:2007-04-04
4388:2019-11-10
4348:References
4334:Betawified
4255:Intertitle
4150:Great Dane
4117:Mel Brooks
3870:The movie
3816:Annie Hall
3767:irrelevant
3717:alienation
3449:SubViewer
3424:(Advanced)
3347:As frames
3279:PowerDivX
3274:As frames
3171:As frames
3146:As frames
3111:HTML, XML
3100:Unlimited
3034:Extension
2855:Camcorders
2644:Categories
2574:Uzbekistan
2538:Tajikistan
2422:Portuguese
2322:Montenegro
2256:Kyrgyzstan
2244:Kazakhstan
2194:Indonesian
2044:Costa Rica
1998:subtitles)
1996:Portuguese
1930:Bangladesh
1924:Azerbaijan
1768:language.
1729:censorship
1676:San Marino
1668:Luxembourg
1644:voice-over
1590:Subtitling
1456:and other
1032:homophones
888:Vietnamese
868:Portuguese
852:Indonesian
815:features.
797:Timed Text
783:Webcasting
768:VirtualDub
653:Annie Hall
640:Localizing
614:of spoken
484:Scanlation
325:Subtitling
238:Homophonic
208:Regulatory
80:newspapers
5320:"Mission"
5081:0006-2294
4980:from the
4819:1059-1028
4786:0307-1235
4753:0261-3077
4383:Subtitles
4326:diglossic
4275:Surtitles
4265:Souffleur
4215:Airscript
4168:James May
4109:Skithouse
4090:Bobby Lee
4075:Riff-Raff
4070:Ken Loach
4043:The film
4037:Day Watch
3873:Airplane!
3782:citations
3610:DVD-Video
3581:For media
3344:Framings
3302:RealText
3297:1 second
3271:Framings
3250:bitstream
3168:Framings
3080:EBU-TT-D
3069:Framings
3043:Metadata
3001:artifacts
2926:Editable
2728:localized
2724:Localized
2694:Star Wars
2663:Narrative
2636:network,
2580:Venezuela
2504:Sri Lanka
2472:Afrikaans
2462:Singapore
2368:Norwegian
2352:Nicaragua
2282:Lithuania
2190:Indonesia
2178:Icelandic
2162:Cantonese
2158:Hong Kong
2152:Guatemala
2134:bilingual
1914:Australia
1888:Argentina
1835:Lithuania
1784:A map of
1640:lectoring
1620:bandwidth
1595:Real-time
1503:does not
1429:talk page
1319:Hong Kong
1015:stenotype
967:Real time
884:Ukrainian
785:, check:
708:surtitles
602:or other
584:Subtitles
213:Technical
5539:Teletext
5480:10 March
5451:Archived
5421:cite web
5395:Archived
5329:10 March
5303:10 March
5248:10 March
5218:10 March
5188:10 March
5089:27868068
4973:Archived
4952:Archived
4926:Archived
4721:Deadline
4700:Archived
4686:cite web
4585:effects.
4487:Archived
4484:Document
4476:Archived
4330:sinetron
4235:Cue card
4220:Camtasia
4208:See also
4159:Top Gear
4153:episode.
3960:Japanese
3906:Downfall
3838:Japanese
3786:reliable
3698:(called
3688:EBU-TT-D
3679:SMPTE-TT
3627:Teletext
3595:D-Cinema
3229:Ogg Writ
3152:MicroDVD
3128:JACOSub
3054:AQTitle
3046:Timings
2971:Highest
2884:Feature
2871:external
2867:internal
2859:metadata
2827:softsubs
2771:hardsubs
2738:expanded
2734:Extended
2627:Wallonia
2611:and the
2526:Thailand
2510:Suriname
2456:Slovenia
2450:Slovakia
2432:Romanian
2418:Portugal
2386:Paraguay
2374:Pakistan
2316:Mongolia
2298:Maldives
2288:Malaysia
2238:Japanese
2168:Honduras
2054:Croatian
2032:Colombia
2014:Cambodia
2008:Bulgaria
1898:Armenian
1882:Albanian
1855:Slovakia
1805:Bulgaria
1755:In many
1742:Galician
1688:Slovakia
1451:Japanese
1405:provide
1302:Mandarin
1271:such as
1019:Velotype
976:and the
953:(KISSES)
860:Japanese
772:VSFilter
734:timecode
650:, as in
620:captions
616:dialogue
223:Cultural
173:Literary
137:a series
135:Part of
5447:YouTube
5391:YouTube
5162:22 July
5038:6 March
4697:Details
4365:YouTube
4305:WYSIWYG
4260:Karaoke
4245:Dubbing
3916:comedy
3912:In the
3727:Persian
3641:Imitext
2846:fansubs
2802:Blu-ray
2780:karaoke
2689:Content
2682:Amistad
2620:Finnish
2616:Yle Fem
2613:Swedish
2609:English
2586:Vietnam
2568:Uruguay
2562:Ukraine
2520:Swedish
2488:English
2476:Sesotho
2428:Romania
2400:Quechua
2334:Myanmar
2328:Moldova
2270:Russian
2266:Latvian
2206:Ireland
2174:Iceland
2140:Georgia
2130:Swedish
2126:Finnish
2122:Finland
2112:Estonia
2100:Ecuador
2084:Denmark
2062:Bosnian
2058:Serbian
2050:Croatia
1980:Bolivia
1962:Belarus
1956:Italian
1940:Belgium
1934:Bengali
1894:Armenia
1878:Albania
1865:Belgium
1851:Belarus
1746:Catalan
1716:Ireland
1700:Andorra
1696:Belarus
1692:Hungary
1672:Austria
1652:Germany
1636:dubbing
1604:Offline
1578:" and "
1568:fansubs
1524:removed
1509:sources
1454:variety
1427:to the
1409:in the
1368:.
1267:and in
1212:Netflix
1092:Offline
941:(SIGHS)
880:Turkish
876:Spanish
872:Russian
856:Italian
832:English
820:YouTube
715:Methods
678:fansubs
417:Schools
320:Dubbing
203:Medical
94:scholar
5087:
5079:
5029:Zagreb
4817:
4784:
4751:
4178:wolf".
4099:Mad TV
4094:parody
3897:Cars 2
3725:. The
3601:format
3590:Cinema
3559:Image
3523:WebVTT
3505:Image
3498:VobSub
3399:SubRip
3108:.gsub
3074:frames
2831:closed
2817:SubRip
2794:closed
2756:closed
2669:Forced
2550:Turkey
2532:Taiwan
2516:Sweden
2498:Korean
2482:&
2470:(from
2444:Serbia
2438:Russia
2412:Poland
2396:Aymara
2380:Panama
2364:Norway
2310:Mexico
2262:Latvia
2224:Israel
2146:Greece
2088:Danish
2072:Cyprus
2002:Brunei
1992:Brazil
1974:Bhutan
1968:Belize
1954:&
1952:German
1948:French
1863:
1861:
1847:
1841:
1831:Russia
1827:Poland
1819:
1809:Turkey
1801:
1795:Europe
1791:
1786:Europe
1750:Basque
1708:Canada
1684:Monaco
1660:France
1622:, the
1135:HD DVD
1061:Hybrid
1047:QWERTY
922:Boston
886:, and
864:Korean
844:Hebrew
840:German
836:French
824:Arabic
693:closed
689:frames
479:Fandub
474:Fansub
407:Awards
246:Theory
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5351:7 May
5297:(PDF)
5131:(PDF)
5085:JSTOR
4933:from
4811:Wired
4312:Notes
4290:Telop
4119:film
4046:Crank
3554:.divx
3530:HTML
3527:.vtt
3477:.usf
3455:Text
3432:Text
3406:Text
3403:.srt
3378:.ssf
3358:Text
3355:.stl
3335:HTML
3332:.smi
3285:Text
3282:.psb
3262:Text
3259:.pjs
3236:Text
3211:Text
3208:.sub
3204:MPSub
3159:Text
3156:.sub
3131:.jss
3060:Text
3057:.aqt
3037:Type
3031:Name
3006:High
2943:None
2893:Soft
2887:Hard
2746:Types
2710:Bonus
2602:Irish
2595:Welsh
2486:into
2480:Xhosa
2340:Nepal
2304:Malta
2250:Kenya
2234:Japan
2214:Irish
2210:Irish
2184:India
2026:China
2020:Chile
1944:Dutch
1704:Spain
1656:Italy
1389:DeepL
1269:India
1265:China
1143:HDTVs
1071:ASCII
848:Hindi
828:Dutch
789:SMIL
648:humor
624:music
600:opera
588:texts
450:(VRS)
193:Kural
188:Quran
183:Bible
168:Legal
160:Types
101:JSTOR
87:books
5482:2013
5427:link
5353:2013
5331:2013
5305:2013
5280:2023
5268:TCAX
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3700:DFXP
3674:DFXP
3670:TTML
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3536:Yes
3533:Yes
3486:Yes
3483:Yes
3480:XML
3461:Yes
3438:Yes
3435:Yes
3409:Yes
3387:Yes
3384:Yes
3381:XML
3364:Yes
3361:Yes
3341:Yes
3338:Yes
3328:SAMI
3313:Yes
3309:HTML
3305:.rt
3242:Yes
3239:Yes
3217:Yes
3189:Yes
3137:Yes
3117:Yes
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3094:Yes
3091:Yes
3066:Yes
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3009:Low
2974:Low
2960:Low
2935:Yes
2921:Yes
2918:Yes
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2823:Soft
2800:and
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1005:Live
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800:DFXP
755:tiff
685:Open
674:fans
644:sake
632:deaf
592:film
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3696:W3C
3654:EBU
3632:DVB
3599:DCP
3458:No
3412:No
3316:No
3291:No
3288:No
3268:No
3265:No
3214:No
3192:No
3185:XML
3165:No
3162:No
3140:No
3087:XML
3072:As
2929:No
2901:No
2829:or
2813:OCR
2798:DVD
2773:or
2736:or
2679:'s
2657:SDH
2638:SBS
2634:FTA
2625:In
2605:TG4
2598:S4C
2218:TG4
2128:or
1918:SBS
1748:or
1611:PBS
1518:by
1478:CTI
1474:CTV
1466:ATV
1391:or
1325:of
1017:or
759:bmp
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634:or
626:or
610:or
300:CAT
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5515::
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5445:.
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5419:{{
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3511:β
3508:β
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2700:).
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2474:,
2240:).
2060:,
1950:,
1946:,
1906:β
1857:).
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955:,
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