2171:, he was then released unharmed, against the will of the men who had accused him. Hydatius' chronicle, whilst purporting to be universal, slowly turns into a local history. Following the barbarian settlements, he relates the conflict among the diverse nations; later, he also narrates the frequent conflict of the Sueves with the local, barely romanized, Galicians; the decline of the Roman powers in Hispania; the expansion of the Suevi into the south and the east; their defeat at the hands of Visigoths and other Roman foederati forces; and the posterior reconstitution of their kingdom under Remismund, together with their conversion to Arianism. While he is considered a great historian, his portraits are usually obscure, without any real reason or direction given to the decisions or movement of the Suevi, by mentioning what the Suevi did, but rarely what they said, or what they pretended. So Hydatius's image of the Suevi is from the outside, as lawless marauders. This description of the Suevi has bled into secondary sources: E.A. Thomson, an expert who has written many pieces on the subject, stated, "they just lash out blindly from year to year at any place that they suspected would supply them with food, valuables or money."
1872:, with the assistance of seventy-two bishops from Hispania, Gaul and Gallaecia. There, eight bishops renounced their Arianism, among them four Suevi: Argiovittus of Porto, Beccila of Lugo, Gardingus of Tui and Sunnila of Viseu. The mass conversion was celebrated by king Reccared: "Not only the conversion of the Goths is found among the favours that we have received, but also the infinite multitude of the Sueves, whom with divine assistance we have subjected to our realm. Although led into heresy by external fault, with our diligence we have brought them to the origins of truth". He was styled as "King of the Visigoths and of the Suevi" in a letter sent to him by Pope
319:
740:
611:, "allotments," which barbarian federates received from the Roman government, which suggests that the Suevi and the other invaders had signed a treaty with Maximus. There is, however, no concrete evidence of any treaties between the Romans and the barbarians: Hydatius never mentions any treaty, and states that the peace in 411 was brought about by the compassion of the Lord, while Orosius asserts that the kings of the Vandals, Alans and Sueves were actively pursuing a pact similar to that of the Visigoths at a later date. The division of the land among the four barbarian groups went as such: the
2956:"Wallia ... to insure the security of Rome he risked his own life by taking over the warfare against the other tribes that had settled in Spain and subduing them for the Romans. However, the other kings, those of the Alans, the Vandals, and the Suebi, had made a bargain with us on the same terms, sending this message to the emperor Honorius: «Do you be at peace with us all and receive hostages of all; we struggle with one another, we perish to our own loss, but we conquer for you, indeed with permanent gain to your state, if we should both perish.»", Orosius, History against the pagans, VII.43
2305:
1420:
Tours and never existed. If, as
Gregory relates, Martin of Braga died about the year 580 and had been bishop for about thirty years, then the conversion of Chararic must have occurred around 550 at the latest. Finally, Ferreiro believes the conversion of the Suevi was progressive and stepwise and that Chararic's public conversion was only followed by the lifting of a ban on Orthodox synods in the reign of his successor, which would have been Ariamir; while Theodemar would have been responsible for beginning a persecution of the Arians in his kingdom, to root out their heresy.
603:
accomplished in one day. Hydatius writes that upon entering
Hispania, the barbarian peoples, and even the Roman soldiers, spent 409–410 in a frenzy, plundering food and goods from the cities and countryside, which caused a famine that, according to Hydatius, forced the locals to resort to cannibalism: " by hunger human beings devoured human flesh; mothers too feasted upon the bodies of their own children whom they had killed and cooked with their own hands." In 411 the various barbarian groups brokered a peace and divided the provinces of Hispania among themselves
475:
284:
2182:, another local historian. He painted a very different picture of the initial settlement of Sueves and Vandals, less catastrophic than that narrated by Hydatius. In his narration, Sueves and Vandals, after a violent entrance into Hispania, resume a pacific life, while many poor locals joined them, fleeing from Roman taxes and impositions. However, as has been pointed out, his narration is also biased by his agenda, as he was trying to exculpate Christianity for the fall and decadence of Rome.
2293:
1445:
2102:
1205:
1787:, marched south with his army, with the intention of breaking through the blockade, but, while camped, he found himself besieged by Liuvigild, and was then forced to sign a treaty of fidelity with the Visigothic king. After exchanging presents, Miro returned to Gallaecia, where he was laid to bed some days later, dying soon after, due to "the bad waters of Spain", according to Gregory of Tours. Hermenegild's rebellion ended in 584, as Liuvigild bribed the Byzantines with 30,000
5008:
4993:
1800:
2087:
1307:
1220:, an ambassador who had travelled between Gallaecia and Gaul on several occasions, became King. Remismund was able to unite the factions of Suevi under his rule, and at the same time restore peace. He was also recognized, perhaps even approved of, by Theodoric, who sent him gifts and weapons along with a wife. Under the leadership of Remismund, the Suevi would again raid the nearby countries, plundering the lands of Lusitania and the
64:
1836:, maybe trying to help the Sueves, at the same time sending ships to Gallaecia which were intercepted by Liuvigild's troops, who took their cargo and killed or enslaved most of their crews. Thus was the kingdom transferred to the Goths as one of their three administrative regions: Gallaecia, Hispania and Gallia Narbonensis. Audeca, captured, was tonsured and forced to take holy orders, then sent into exile in
1856:
579:
2140:. Again, they become important players during the reign of Miro, in the last third of the 6th century, when they allied with other Catholic powers—the Franks and the Eastern Romans—in support of Hermenegild, and against the Visigothic king Liuvigild. Because of their relative isolation and remoteness, sources about the Suevi people are limited, with the number translated into English even fewer.
1128:
2324:. Distinguishing between loanwords from Gothic or Suevic is difficult, but there is a series of words, characteristic of Galicia and northern half of Portugal, which are attributed either to the Suebi or to the Goths, although no major Visigothic immigration into Gallaecia is known before the 8th century. These words are rural in nature, relative to animals, agriculture, and country life:
1621:
1327:
666:, with no evidence suggesting that the Suevi inhabited any other cities in the province prior to 438. The initial relation between Gallaeci and Suevi were not as calamitous as sometimes suggested, as Hydatius mentions no conflict among the locals between 411 and 430. Furthermore, Orosius affirmed that the newcomers "turned their swords into ploughs" once they received their new lands.
259:
931:
2285:
1189:, which was still under the authority of a Roman official. As a response, the Goths sent their army to punish the Suevi who dwelt in the outskirts of the city and nearby regions, but their campaign was revealed by some locals, whom Hydatius considered traitors. From that very moment Lugo became an important centre for the Sueves, and was used as capital by Rechimund.
2163:. He witnessed the 409 settlement of the Suevi peoples in the Iberian Peninsula, and Galicia's transformation from Roman province into an independent barbarian kingdom. Through much of his life he was forced to stay in isolated Roman communities, constantly threatened by the Suevi and Vandals, though we also know that he travelled on several occasions outside of
2189:, who in the 6th century narrated the blockade, the death of Gunderic under unknown circumstances, and the resolution of the conflict in a champions' fight, with the defeated Vandals forced to leave Galicia. A somewhat different history apparently was told among the Vandals, as Procopius wrote that in their traditions king Gunderic was captured and impaled by
2264:. He used Hydatius's accounts, together with the Chronicle of John of Biclaro, to form an abridged history of the Suevi in Hispania. The controversy around Isidore's historiography is centered on his omissions and additions, which many historians and scholars consider too numerous to all be simply mistakes. Throughout Isidore's
1823:, thereby making him ineligible for the throne. Then Audeca married Siseguntia, king Miro's widow, and made himself king. This usurpation and the friendship granted by Eboric gave Liuvigild the opportunity to seize the neighboring kingdom. In 585 Liuvigild went to war against the Sueves, invading Gallecia. In the words of
570:, who had recently been elevated to the title of Augustus, set off to Hispania to deal with the rebellion. Gerontius responded by stirring up the barbarians in Gaul against Constantine, convincing them to mobilize again, and, in the summer of 409, the Vandals, Alans, and Suevi began pushing south towards Hispania.
2231:
he dedicated several chapters to the relations of Sueves, Visigoths and Franks, and to the end of the independence of the Suevi, annexed by the
Visigoths in 585. On the other hand, Martin of Braga, a monk who arrived in Galicia circa 550, became a true transformative power: as founder of monasteries
1419:
Dahn equated
Chararic with Theodemar, even saying that the latter was the name he took upon baptism. It has also been suggested that Theodemar and Ariamir were the same person and the son of Chararic. In the opinion of some historians, Chararic is nothing more than an error on the part of Gregory of
993:
Vitus, who, assisted by a large number of Goths, attempted to subdue the Suevi and restore imperial administration in
Hispania. Rechila marched to meet the Romans, and after defeating the Goths, Vitus fled in disgrace; no more imperial attempts were made to retake Hispania. In 448, Rechila died as a
602:
documents that the crossing into the
Iberian Peninsula by the Vandals, Alans, and Suevi took place on either 28 September or 12 October 409. Some scholars take the two dates as the beginning and the end of the crossing of the formidable Pyrenees by scores of thousands, since this could not have been
1879:
Under the Goths, the administrative apparatus of the Suevi
Kingdom was initially maintained —many of the Suevi districts established during the reign of Theodemar are also known as later Visigothic mints— but during the middle years of the seventh century an administrative and ecclesiastical reform
2275:
and relevance of Suevic
Galicia was long marginalised and obscured inside Spain, mainly for political reasons. It was left to a German scholar, Wilhem Reinhart, to write the first connected history of the Suebi in Galicia, or more accurately Gallaecia as the official separation between Galicia and
1411:
Most scholars have attempted to meld these stories. It has been alleged that
Chararic and Theodemar must have been successors of Ariamir, since Ariamir was the first Suebic monarch to lift the ban on Orthodox synods; Isidore therefore gets the chronology wrong. Reinhart suggested that Chararic was
1046:
he also captured prisoners, who were taken as serfs back to the Sueves' lands in
Gallaecia and Lusitania. Rome then sent an ambassador to the Sueves, obtaining some concessions, but in 455 the Sueves plundered lands in Carthaginensis which had been previously returned to Rome. In response, the new
2135:
areas—seldom posed a threat to Rome and to Rome's interests; in fact, at times where we have more detailed knowledge of their history through a diversity of sources, that is precisely when they became a challenge, as it was under the reign of Rechila. Throughout their history as an independent
2241:
dedicated to King Miro; a treatise against the superstitions of the country inhabitants; and several other minor treatises. He was also present in the Councils of Braga, with the deliberations of the second one being led by him, as archbishop of the capital, Braga. The acts of these Councils,
1744:, where he expelled some invaders. Finally, in 576, he entered Gallaecia itself, disturbing the boundaries of the kingdom, but Miro sent ambassadors and obtained from Liuvigild a temporary peace. It was probably during this period that the Suevi also sent some ambassadors to the Frankish king
1013:
Christian, succeeded his father in 448, being one of the first Catholic Christian kings among the Germanic peoples, and the first one to mint coins in his own name. Some believe minting the coins was a sign of Suevi autonomy, due to the use of minting in the late empire as a declaration of
1931:
2207:
The ending of the Chronicle of Hydatius, in 469, marks the beginning of a period of obscurity in the history of the Sueves, who don't re-emerge into historical light until the mid-sixth century, when we have plenty of sources. Among these, the most notable are the works of the
2693:
two years before the taking of Rome, the nations that had been stirred up by Stilicho, as I have said, that is, the Alans, Suebi, Vandals as well as many others with them, overwhelmed the Franks, crossed the Rhine, invaded Gaul, and advanced in their onward rush as far as the
533:
crossed the Rhine on the night of 31 December 405. Their entrance into the Roman Empire was at a moment when the Roman West was experiencing a series of invasions and civil wars; between 405 and 406, the Western regions of the empire saw the invasion of Italy by Goths under
1775:, in open opposition to the Arianism of his father. But it was not until 582 that Liuvigild gathered his armies to attack his son: first, he took Mérida; then, in 583, he marched to Seville. Under siege, Hermenegild's rebellion became dependent on the support offered by the
1091:. Theoderic II's Goths, on the right wing, defeated the Suevi. While many Sueves were killed in the battle, and many others were captured, most managed to flee. King Rechiar fled wounded in the direction of the coast, pursued by the Gothic army, which entered and plundered
1547:
Later, on 1 January 569, Ariamir's successor, Theodemar, held a council in Lugo, which dealt with the administrative and ecclesiastical organization of the Kingdom. At his request, the Kingdom of Gallaecia was divided in two provinces or synods, under the obedience of the
521:
west of the Rhine was due to the westward push of the Huns during the late 4th century, which forced the Germanic peoples westward in response to the threat. This theory has created controversy within the academic community, because of the lack of convincing evidence.
442:
in 409, in which the Quadi are listed and the Suevi are not. The argument for this theory, however, is based solely on the disappearance of the Quadi in the text and the emergence of the Suevi, which conflicts with the testimony of other contemporary authors, such as
2204:, which narrates the defeat of the Suevi king Rechiar at the hands of the Roman foederati troops commanded by the Visigoths. It is a vivid, if brief, narration, where Rechiar, a defiant man, has a purpose, a mood, and emotions, as do the rest of the protagonists.
2167:, for learning or as ambassador, and that he maintained correspondence with other bishops. In 460 he was captured by the Suevic warlord Frumarius, accused of treason by other local men. After being held captive for three months, as the Suevi ravaged the region of
1358:. While his Orthodoxy is not in doubt, that he was the first Orthodox monarch of the Suebes since Rechiar has been contested on the grounds that he is not explicitly stated to have been. He was, however, the first to hold an Orthodox synod. On the other hand, the
906:
King Hermeric spent the remainder of his years solidifying Suevic rule over the entire province of Gallaecia. In 430 he broke the old peace maintained with the locals, sacking central Gallaecia, although the barely romanised Gallaeci, who were reoccupying old
2236:
he promoted the conversion of the Sueves, and later as archbishop of Braga and maximum religious authority of the kingdom he participated in the reformation of the Church and of the local administration. Several of his works have been preserved, among them a
4099:"The small proprietors in contrast were men of overwhelmingly Celtic, Roman and Suevic stock, not Visigoths, for in the century since Leovigild's conquest of the Suevic kingdom in 585 there had been no perceptible Visigothic migration to the northwest.",
1899:
The last mention of the Sueves as a separate people dates to a 10th-century gloss in a Spanish codex: "hanc arbor romani pruni vocant, spani nixum, uuandali et goti et suebi et celtiberi ceruleum dicunt" ("This tree is called plum-tree by the Romans;
1867:
openly promoted the mass conversion of Visigoths and Sueves to Catholicism. Reccared's plans were opposed by a group of Arian conspirators; its leader, Segga, was exiled to Gallaecia, after his hands were amputated. The conversion occurred during the
864:, had devastated both the Siling Vandals and Alans, leaving the Hasding Vandals and the Suevi, undisturbed by Wallia's campaign, as the two remaining forces in the Iberian Peninsula. In 419, after the departure of the Visigoths to their new lands in
1896:, in lands which had been annexed to Gallaecia in the fifth century, were returned to the obedience of Mérida. It has been also pointed out that no visible Gothic immigration took place during the 6th and the 7th century into Gallaecia.
1158:
In 456, the same year as the execution of Rechiar, Hydatius stated that "the Sueves set up Maldras as their king." This statement suggests that the Suevi as a people may have had a voice in the selection of a new ruler. The election of
1685:, who led the Sueves to Catholicism and who promoted the cultural and political renaissance of the kingdom. In the acts of the Council, Martin declared the unity and purity of the Catholic faith in Gallaecia and, for the first time,
958:, which briefly became the new capital of their kingdom. Rechila continued with the expansion of the kingdom, and by 440 he fruitfully besieged and forced the surrender of a Roman official, count Censorius, in the strategic city of
1055:
sent a joint embassy, remembering that the peace established with Rome was also granted by the Goths. But Rechiar launched two new campaigns in Tarraconensis, in 455 and 456, returning to Galicia with large numbers of prisoners.
1014:
independence. Hoping to follow the successful careers of his father and his grandfather, Rechiar made a series of bold political moves throughout his reign. The first one was his marriage to the daughter of the Gothic king
677:, entering Germany from the east, and originating on the Baltic. In late classical times, these dialects, by now situated to the south of the Elbe, and stretching across the Danube into the Roman empire, experienced the
1099:
while trying to embark, and was executed in December. Theodoric continued his war on the Suevi for three months, but in April 459 he returned to Gaul, alarmed by the political and military movements of the new emperor,
902:
while retreating; this is the first instance of an armed Suebi action outside the provincial limits of Gallaecia. Then, after the Vandals left for Africa, the Swabians were the only barbarian entity left in Hispania.
538:, as well as a steady stream of usurpers. This allowed the invading barbarians to enter Gaul with little resistance, consequently allowing for the barbarians to cause considerable damage to the northern provinces of
4844:
2609:
1392:, promised to accept the beliefs of the saint if only his son was cured of leprosy. Through the relics and intercession of Saint Martin the son was healed; Chararic and the entire royal household converted to the
2688:
Moreover, other nations irresistible in numbers and might who are now oppressing the provinces of Gaul and Spain (namely, the Alans, Suebi, and Vandals, as well as the Burgundians who were driven on by the same
922:, as ambassador, this being the first evidence for collaboration between Sueves and locals. However, it was not until 438 that an enduring peace, which would last for twenty years, was reached in the province.
1829:
King Liuvigild devastates Gallaecia and deprives Audeca of the totality of the Kingdom; the nation of the Sueves, their treasure and fatherland are conduced to his own power and turned into a province of the
2797:
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 13, Late Antiquity: The Late Empire, ed. Averil Cameron and others (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2001), s.v. "Barbarian Invasions and first Settlements"
322:
Roman bronze figure representing a Germanic man wearing a typical Suebian knot hairstyle and a characteristic cloak. 2nd half 1st century to 1st half 2nd century AD National Library in Paris, France.
1232:, which was surrendered by its leader, Lusidio. He later became ambassador of the Suevi to the Emperor. The end of the chronicle of Hydatius in 468 doesn't let us know the later fate of Remismund.
946:
as king of the Sueves. Rechila saw an opportunity for expansion and began pushing to other areas of the Iberian Peninsula. In the same year he campaigned in Baetica, defeating in open battle the
3123:
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 14, Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, ed. Averil Cameron and others (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2001), s.v. "Spain: The Suevic Kingtom"
1298:
540, it is known that a certain number of Catholic Orthodox had converted to Arianism, and that some Catholic Orthodox churches had been demolished in the past in unspecified circumstances.
4130:"El Códice Emilianense 31 de la Real Academia de la Historia. Presentación de algunas de las voces de interés para el estudio lingüístico del latín medieval y del iberorromance primitivo"
2684:
Numerous barbarous and savage tribes, that is to say, the Marcomanni, the Quadi, the Vandals, the Sarmatians, the Suebi, in fact the tribes from nearly all of Germany, rose in rebellion
1635:, now in the Austrian National Library. Martin's work was originally addressed to King Miro: "To King Miro, the most glorious and calm, the pious, distinguished for his Catholic faith"
2257:
590. While probably partial, his accounts are precious for the last 15 years of independence of the Sueves, as well as for the first years of the Sueves under Visigothic rule.
2131:, which played an important part in Rome's loss of the western provinces, the Sueves—establishing themselves in Gallaecia and northern Lusitania, which were remote and extra-
377:
about 409, and during the 6th century it became a formally declared kingdom identifying with Gallaecia. It maintained its independence until 585, when it was annexed by the
1196:
succeeded Maldras and his faction, but his death in 464 closed a period of internal dissent among the Sueves, and permanent conflict with the native Gallaecian population.
1177:
In 460 Maldras was killed, after a reign of four years during which he plundered Sueves and Romans alike, in Lusitania and in the south of Gallaecia past the valley of the
887:
ended the conflict by attacking the Vandals and forcing them to move to Baetica, in modern Andalusia, leaving the Suevi in virtually sole possession of the whole province.
860:
In 416, the Visigoths entered the Iberian Peninsula, sent by the emperor of the West to fight off the barbarians arriving in 409. By 418, the Visigoths, led by their king,
1847:
rebelled against the Goths and reclaimed the throne, but he was finally defeated and captured by the generals of Liuvigild, who took him in chains to the Visigothic king.
4344:
673:
and classical sources refer to a Suebian language. In particular, the Suebi are associated with the concept of an "Elbe Germanic" group of early dialects spoken by the
5660:
4040:
3879:, VI.43. Whilst John of Biclaro, and Isidore of Seville after him, narrates a different account, the version of Gregory is usually taken as the most faithful one. Cf.
3627:
3469:
1271:, otherwise unknown. Other less reliable and very posterior chronicles mention the reign of several kings under the names of Hermeneric II, Rechila II and Rechiar II.
4745:
4741:
2976:
2268:
certain details from Hydatius are altered. Many scholars attribute these changes to the fact that Isidore may have had sources other than Hydatius at his disposal.
2977:"DE LOS VÁNDALOS A LOS SUEVOS EN GALICIA: Una visión crítica sobre su instalación y organización territorial en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica en el siglo V"
1863:
After the conquest, king Liuvigild reintroduced the Arian Church among the Sueves, but this was a short-lived institution, because after his death in 586 his son
5655:
1221:
1143:
took over the leadership of the Sueves. The origins behind Aioulf's ascension are not clear: Hydatius wrote that Aioulf was a Goth deserter, while the historian
1139:
When the Visigoths disposed of Rechiar, the royal bloodline of Hermeric vanished and the conventional mechanism for Suevi leadership died with it. In 456, one
5468:
1880:
led to the disappearance of most of these mints, with the exception of that of the cities of Braga, Lugo and Tui. Also the northern Lusitanian bishoprics of
1228:, in Lusitania, which was sacked and then mostly abandoned after the inhabitants fled or were taken back to the north as slaves. The next year they captured
4057:
1485:
1360:
5610:
1224:, whilst still fighting Gallaeci tribes like the Aunonenses, who refused to submit to Remismund. In 468 they managed to destroy part of the walls of
4824:
Kremer, Dieter (2004). El elemento germánico y su influencia en la historia lingüística peninsular, in Rafael Cano, Historia de la lengua española.
2097:
when the Suevi arrived, was one of the main chroniclers reporting on the rise of the Suevic kingdom. Medieval miniature from the Saint-Epure codex.
914:, managed to force a new peace, which was sealed with the interchange of prisoners. However, new hostilities broke out in 431 and 433. In 433 king
2438:
and Galicia, and made up of several thousand place names derived directly from Germanic personal names, expressed as Germanic or Latin genitives:
1408:
550, this legend has been interpreted as an allegory of the pastoral work of Saint Martin of Braga, and of his devotion to Saint Martin of Tours.
986:. It has been said, however, that the Suevi conquest of Baetica and Carthaginensis was limited to raids, and Suevi presence, if any, was minute.
1811:
was made king, but apparently not before sending tokens of appreciation and friendship to Liuvigild. Not a year later his brother-in-law, named
2419:
1728:, when the Visigoth king Liuvigild was conducting successful military activity in the south: he had recovered for the Visigoths the cities of
1251:, converted them in 466 and established a lasting Arian church which dominated the people until their conversion to Catholicism in the 560s.
698:
739:
5077:
1647:
succeeded Theodemar as king of the Sueves. During his time, the Suevic kingdom was challenged again by the Visigoths who, under their king
842:
517:
Although there is no clearly documented reason behind the migration of 405 , a widely accepted theory is that the migration of the various
1350:
The conversion of the Suebi to Orthodoxy is presented very differently in the primary sources. A contemporary record, the minutes of the
506:, with many smaller groups—among them part of the Quadi and Marcomanni—coming together during the migration from the Danube valley to the
1431:
in 587–589, but, as such, this corresponds to a later time, when the kingdom was undergoing its integration with the Visigothic kingdom.
5214:
4349:
1612:. The election of Lugo as metropolitan of the north was due to its central situation in relation to its dependant sees and that city.
1151:
appointed by Theodoric to govern Gallaecia, and that he was persuaded by the Suevi into this adventure. Either way, he was killed in
17:
1155:
in June 457, but his rebellion, together with the armed actions of Majorian against the Visigoths, eased the pressure on the Suevi.
2555:
2136:
nation, they maintained an important diplomatic activity, most notably with Rome, the Vandals, the Visigoths, and, later, with the
3167:
In words of Hydatius: "Rex Rechila Hispali obtenta Beticam et Carthaginensem prouincias in suam redigit potestatem", Hydatius, 115
3671:
567:
551:
594:
The civil war that erupted in the Iberian Peninsula between the forces of Constantine and Gerontius left the passes through the
5625:
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4414:
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either purposely or inadvertently neglected, leaving southern Gaul and the Iberian Peninsula vulnerable to barbarian attack.
410:
on the night of 31 December 406 AD and entered the Roman Empire. It is speculated that these Suevi are the same group as the
2143:
The most important source for the history of the Suevi during the 5th century is the chronicle written by the native bishop
5640:
5429:
1496:, likely the monastery of Santa Maria de Bretoña. The bishop representing this diocese at the II Council of Braga bore the
1444:
1018:
in 448, so improving the relationship between the two peoples. He also led a number of successful plundering campaigns to
5630:
4371:""The southwestern border between Galicia and Portugal during the 12th and 13th century 13th centuries: a space for"
2987:
722:
638:
The division of Gallaecia between the Suevi and the Hasding Vandals placed the Suevi in the west of the province, by the
447:, who did indeed cite the Suevi among the peoples traversing the Rhine in 406, and side by side with Quadi, Marcomanni,
63:
4772:
4752:
1816:
1740:. But from 573 on his campaigns got closer to Suevic lands, first occupying Sabaria, later the Aregenses mountains and
5620:
4952:
4829:
4682:
4489:
4446:
4129:
3968:
3915:
3890:
3847:
3755:
3592:
3531:
3393:
2873:
2592:
2565:
1263:, who in the 7th century wrote that many kings reign during this time, all of them Arians. A medieval document named
954:
river, capturing a large treasure. A year later, in 439, the Sueves invaded Lusitania and entered into its capital,
434:. The main reason behind the identification of the Suevi and Quadi as the same group comes from a letter written by
5650:
5645:
5070:
1524:
in the acts. The first Orthodox Council held in the Kingdom, it was almost entirely devoted to the condemnation of
877:
835:
779:
482:, built during this emperor's reign on the occasion of the triumph over, among other peoples, the Suevic tribes of
4072:
3074:
1019:
816:
5670:
5207:
1552:
Braga and Lugo, and thirteen episcopal sees, some of them new, for which new bishops were ordered, others old:
5605:
5055:
4965:
Williams, Megan: Personal Communication, San Francisco State University History Professor. 16 November 2010.
4434:
3435:
1174:
in July, thereby depriving the Sueves of this province. This field army stayed in Iberia for several years.
689:. Based on some toponymical data, another Germanic group accompanied the Suebi and settled in Portugal, the
554:
halted the masses of Vandals, Alans, and Sueves, confining them to northern Gaul. But in the spring of 409,
1768:
1059:
The emperor Avitus finally responded to Rechiar's defiance in the autumn of 456, sending the Visigoth king
884:
806:
555:
4845:"Relations between Rome and the German 'Kings' on the Middle Danube in the First to Fourth Centuries A.D."
4625:
2610:"Relations between Rome and the German 'Kings' on the Middle Danube in the First to Fourth Centuries A.D."
5675:
5665:
5569:
5063:
990:
828:
678:
498:
Additionally it has been pointed out that the lack of mention of the Suevi could mean that they were not
4721:
DCECH = Coromines, Joan (2012). Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Madrid: Gredos.
318:
5579:
5574:
5549:
5534:
5111:
1651:, were reconstituting their kingdom, reduced and mostly ruled by foreigners since their defeat by the
5554:
5539:
5444:
5200:
5011:
4010:"The omission of Saint Martin of Braga in John of Biclaro's Chronica and the third council of Toledo"
2584:
Archaeological and historical aspects of West-European societies: album amicorum André Van Doorselaer
1925:
1464:. Most of what is known about the settlement comes from ecclesiastical sources; records from the 572
812:
479:
125:
4391:
2387:'snowslide' (from PGmc *dreusanan 'to fall'), brétema 'mist' (from PGmc *breþmaz 'breath, vapour'),
5635:
5564:
5223:
4996:
4944:
2494:
in Portugal, all derived from the Germanic word *sal- 'house, hall', and distributed mostly around
2042:
1369:
550:
before the empire saw them as a threat. In response to the barbarian invasion of Gaul, the usurper
4978:
4206:"Vituperation of barbarians as untrustworthy was an ancient commonplace", Gillett (2003) pp. 55-56
2174:
Another important source for the history of the Sueves during the initial settlement phase is the
5584:
5151:
4783:
2750:
2427:
2223:, Gregory narrated, and attributed to a miracle of Saint Martin of Tours, the conversion of king
2030:
1869:
1663:
1465:
1416:
of Saint Martin and that Theodemar was converted later through the preaching of Martin of Braga.
1080:
624:
414:, who are mentioned in early writings as living north of the middle Danube, in what is now lower
5326:
5146:
2697:
1540:, a custom declared pagan. Of the eight assistant bishops only one bore a Germanic name, bishop
1423:
Finally, the Suebic conversion is ascribed not to a Suebe, but to a Visigoth, by the chronicler
5529:
3672:"Lugo en los tiempos oscuroslas menciones literarias de la ciudad entre los siglos V y X (III)"
2806:
Megan Williams, Pers. Comm. San Francisco State University History Professor. 16 November 2010.
2224:
2116:
1517:
1453:
1385:
1354:—which met on 1 May 561—state explicitly that the synod was held at the orders of a king named
1351:
1031:
2582:
1484:("See of the Britons"), while the administrative and ecclesiastical document usually known as
471:
mentions some Suevi side by side with Alamanni, Quadi, Marcomanni and other Germanic peoples.
5473:
4378:
2304:
1670:
1397:
1372:
who brought about the conversion of his people from Arianism with the help of the missionary
690:
682:
468:
403:
5321:
4261:
1287:
1111:—a half-Sueve, maybe a kinsman of Rechiar—while his allies and the rest of the Goths sacked
4355:
3704:
2455:
2159:, straddling the southern borders of modern-day Galicia and Portugal, on the valley of the
1678:
1278:, recording the foundation of a church by a Benedictine nun, in 535, under the rule of one
264:
258:
5344:
2246:, are the most precious sources on the inner political and religious life of the kingdom.
1656:
1185:, who plundered Gallaecia in 459 and 460. This same year they captured the walled city of
1034:(then the northeastern quarter of the peninsula, stretching from the Mediterranean to the
8:
5519:
5500:
5449:
5440:
5394:
5356:
5332:
5156:
5136:
4009:
3096:
2478:. Another group of toponyms which point to old Germanic settlements are the places named
2321:
2109:
2048:
1549:
1497:
1400:
and the conversion of Chararic are made to coincide in the narration with the arrival of
890:
In 429, as the Vandals were preparing their departure to Africa, a Swabian warlord named
749:
563:
514:
and other historians as residing by the Danube regions during the 5th and 6th centuries.
5024:
4784:"The fluidity of barbarian identity: the ethnogenesis of Alemanni and Suebi, AD 200–500"
2965:"Calliciam Vandali occupant et Suaevi sitam in extremitate Oceani maris occidua", Hyd.41
2751:"The fluidity of barbarian identity: the ethnogenesis of Alemanni and Suebi, AD 200–500"
938:
In 438 Hermeric became ill. Having annexed the entirety of the former Roman province of
5544:
5495:
5458:
5453:
5415:
5403:
5362:
5278:
5254:
5181:
5086:
4875:
4867:
4806:
4478:
2773:
2640:
2632:
2261:
2105:
1815:, accompanied by the army, seized power. He took Eburic into a monastery forced him to
1772:
1674:
1644:
1624:
1365:
1311:
1260:
1167:, who died just a year later. Both factions then sought peace with the local Gallaeci.
794:
774:
731:
670:
382:
277:
222:
5398:
5035:
4716:
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 14, Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425–600
1767:, had converted to Catholicism under the influence of his wife, the Frankish princess
1673:
as archbishop of the Suevi kingdom’s capital. Martin was a cultivated man, praised by
474:
5486:
5463:
5408:
5350:
5338:
5316:
5283:
5237:
5166:
4948:
4923:
4894:
4879:
4825:
4810:
4768:
4722:
4678:
4633:
4485:
4442:
4410:
4297:
4239:
4108:
3964:
3911:
3886:
3843:
3808:
3779:
3751:
3588:
3527:
3414:
3389:
3053:
2869:
2777:
2644:
2588:
2561:
2317:
2132:
1240:
587:
539:
507:
111:
3436:"VEREMUNDU R(EG)E: REVISITING AN INSCRIPTION FROM SAN SALVADOR DE VAIRÃO (PORTUGAL)"
3413:. Vicerreitoría de Extensión Universitaria, Universidade de Vigo. pp. 105–106.
5482:
5436:
5419:
5090:
4859:
4798:
2765:
2624:
2431:
2423:
2216:
2186:
2168:
1904:
by the Spaniards; the Vandals, the Sueves, the Goths, and the Celtiberians call it
1776:
1682:
1504:. The see continued to be represented at several councils through the 7th century.
1424:
1381:
1171:
616:
518:
423:
358:
355:
5027:
is the main source for the history of the suevi in Galicia and Portugal up to 468.
3944:
3722:
2815:
Cambridge Ancient History, vol.13 s.v. "Barbarian Invasions and first Settlements"
955:
5524:
5490:
5121:
5030:
4916:
3653:
2514:
2463:
2250:
2212:
1837:
1824:
1640:
1628:
1401:
1389:
1373:
1339:
1315:
1010:
989:
In 446, the Romans dispatched to the provinces of Baetica and Carthaginensis the
702:
431:
4709:
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 13, Late Antiquity: The Late Empire A.D. 337–425
694:
5559:
5176:
5141:
4760:
3264:
2090:
1893:
1873:
1763:, rebelled against his father, proclaiming himself king. He, while residing in
1733:
1729:
1714:
1597:
1561:
1525:
1112:
1088:
1035:
983:
655:
639:
547:
543:
331:
47:
5085:
5044:
586:, founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of the Suebi in the northwest of the
5599:
4435:"El elemento germánico y su influencia en la historia lingüística peninsular"
4102:
2503:
2434:. From these names is derived also a rich toponymy, found mainly in northern
1689:
was discredited. Notably, of the twelve assistant bishops, five were Sueves (
1477:
1291:
1163:
would lead to a schism among the Suevi, as some followed another king, named
1038:, which was still under Roman rule) sometimes acting in coalition with local
764:
4802:
2769:
2101:
1225:
1204:
974:, who had ruled his people for more than thirty years. With the conquest of
894:
moved to Lusitania to plunder it, but was confronted by the new Vandal king
607:, "by lot". Many scholars believe that the reference to "lot" may be to the
5192:
2415:
2313:
2148:
1945:
1706:
1569:
1537:
1532:, and only once reproving clerics for adorning his clothes and for wearing
1452:
Sometime late in the 5th century or early in the sixth century, a group of
1393:
1259:
Little is known of the period between 470 and 550, beyond the testimony of
1244:
1060:
891:
784:
686:
503:
362:
4765:
Envoys and political communication in the late antique West : 411–533
4734:
Isidore of Seville’s History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi
4278:
Isidore of Seville's History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi
1799:
1779:, which controlled much of the southern coastal regions of Hispania since
5382:
4893:
Orel, Vladimir (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill.
2292:
2215:, sometimes called the apostle of the Sueves, as well as the accounts of
2086:
1780:
1760:
1749:
1553:
1072:
1015:
789:
663:
2407:'origin, generation' (from PGmc *salaz 'hall, dwelling'), among others.
1536:, a Germanic word implying either pigtails, long beard, moustache, or a
1306:
942:, he made peace with the local population, and retired, leaving his son
5303:
3268:
2160:
2124:
2022:
2010:
1864:
1833:
1428:
1427:. He put their conversion alongside that of the Goths, occurring under
1268:
1209:
1132:
919:
647:
535:
483:
452:
435:
427:
4871:
3668:"ad ipsum locum Lucensem grandis erat semper conventio Suevorum", cf.
2636:
2439:
959:
91:
5249:
5106:
5101:
3736:
Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 14., s.v. "Spain: The Suevic Kingdom"
3655:Études historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VIe au XIIe siècle
3189:
Cambridge Ancient History, col. 14., s.v. "Spain: The Suevic Kingdom"
2333:
2123:
Unlike some other barbarian peoples, such as the Vandals, Visigoths,
2094:
2074:
2064:
1999:
1987:
1970:
1949:
1859:
Suebic Gallaecia, Visigothic Hispania and Byzantine Spania, c. 560 AD
1741:
1648:
1248:
1217:
1182:
1083:. The Suevi mobilized and both armies met on 5 October, by the river
1068:
1052:
1023:
939:
911:
865:
759:
674:
632:
620:
456:
378:
370:
366:
302:
218:
205:
4370:
1737:
1736:, and had led a successful assault on the region around the city of
1604:. Each see was then further divided into smaller territories, named
1170:
In 458 the Goths again sent an army into Hispania, which arrived in
1084:
578:
5161:
4863:
4058:"Minting and administrative organization in late antique Gallaecia"
2628:
2471:
2447:
2435:
2411:
2209:
2197:
2164:
2144:
2113:
2016:
1939:
1753:
1725:
1690:
1667:
1557:
1529:
1461:
1343:
1319:
1279:
1275:
1236:
1144:
1116:
1101:
1064:
1039:
971:
915:
908:
899:
895:
873:
869:
769:
754:
628:
599:
595:
583:
559:
511:
460:
455:
in another passage. Sixth century authors identified the Sueves of
419:
310:
201:
164:
138:
118:
3095:, Terras de Bouro, Câmara Municipal de Terras de Bouro, 2006. (in
1460:
Kingdom of Gallæcia in lands which subsequently acquired the name
5116:
3526:. A Coruña: Fundación Pedro Barrie de la Maza. pp. 198–202.
2297:
2272:
2179:
2070:
2036:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1930:
1889:
1844:
1764:
1745:
1698:
1620:
1593:
1565:
1513:
1469:
1355:
1338:
Lucrecio, Andrew, and Martin, during the first Council of Braga.
1331:
1326:
1160:
1108:
1076:
1006:
979:
975:
967:
963:
943:
654:
would become their capital, and their domain later expanded into
612:
526:
448:
444:
415:
176:
1181:
river. Meanwhile, the Sueves in the north chose another leader,
5273:
5126:
2518:
2316:
language, few traces were left of their Germanic tongue in the
2201:
2156:
2137:
2060:
2054:
1993:
1981:
1966:
1881:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1788:
1718:
1652:
1589:
1501:
1413:
1377:
1335:
1229:
1193:
1164:
1148:
1140:
1048:
1043:
1027:
861:
525:
Whether displaced by the Huns or not, the Suevi along with the
3023:
3021:
2828:(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), 156–157
1756:, and imprisoned for a year, as recorded by Gregory of Tours.
5261:
4694:"Identity and Interaction: The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans."
3114:, Terras de Bouro, Câmara Municipal de Terras de Bouro, 2006.
2974:
2499:
2495:
1885:
1855:
1710:
1702:
1686:
1601:
1585:
1581:
1457:
1286:, although this inscription has also been attributed to king
1178:
1152:
1127:
1096:
1092:
995:
951:
651:
643:
530:
487:
411:
407:
399:
374:
306:
98:
81:
3750:(2a. ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial. pp. 76–109.
5131:
3018:
2507:
2233:
2128:
1832:" During the campaign, the Franks of king Guntram attacked
1694:
1577:
1573:
1186:
659:
502:
an older distinct ethnic group, but the result of a recent
491:
439:
145:
4718:. Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge Press, 2001.
4711:. Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge Press, 2001.
2430:
names in general were most common among locals during the
930:
582:
Suebic migrations across Europe ultimately spearheaded by
4293:
IDENTITY AND INTERACTION:The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans
4235:
IDENTITY AND INTERACTION:The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans
3804:
IDENTITY AND INTERACTION:The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans
3775:
IDENTITY AND INTERACTION:The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans
3049:
IDENTITY AND INTERACTION:The Suevi and the Hispano-Romans
2284:
2249:
Of paramount importance is also the chronicle written by
1724:
This same year of 572 Miro led an expedition against the
1492:, attribute to them their own churches and the monastery
642:
shores, most probably in lands now between the cities of
4351:
Varias investigacións recuperan a memoria do Reino Suevo
2367:'boundary stone' (from PGmc *markan 'frontier, limit'),
2260:
Finally, of great interest is also a history written by
1274:
More trustworthy is a stone inscription found in Vairão
880:, but the intervention of Roman forces commanded by the
3963:(2a. ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 91.
3910:(2a. ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 88.
3885:(2a. ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 87.
3842:(2a. ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 82.
2185:
The conflict of Vandals and Sueves is also narrated by
1135:
was abandoned after being assaulted by the Suevi in 468
361:
kingdom that was one of the first to separate from the
4736:, 2nd rev. ed. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1970.
4732:
Donini, Guido and Gordon B. Ford Jr., transl. (1970).
4219:(Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982), 1.
2288:
Road sign at the village of Suevos, A Coruña, Galicia
2266:
History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals, and Sueves
1456:
escaping the Anglo-Saxons settled in the north of the
2587:. Leuven: Leuven University Press. pp. 335–337.
2196:
For the mid-fifth century we have also chapter 44 of
1516:, who was in the third year of his reign, called the
1119:
and other places, on their way back to the Pyrenees.
712:
4839:
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
4512:
4510:
2057:, 583–584, deposed and put in a monastery by Audeca.
4962:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982.
4938:
The Conversion of the Spanish Suevi to Catholicism.
4171:(Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), 3
3612:Koch, John T. (2006). "Britonia". In John T. Koch,
3388:(1. ed.). Vigo: A nosa terra. pp. 59–60.
2395:'to bray' (from PGmc *hurnjanan 'to blow a horn'),
1919:
1301:
1067:and into Gallaecia, at the head of a large army of
4915:
4907:Die germanischen Ortsnamen in Spanien und Portugal
4655:Die germanischen Orstnamen in Spanien und Portugal
4477:
4260:Scholasticus, Fredegarius; Jacobs, Alfred (1862),
4259:
2975:Quiroga, Jorge L.; Mónica R. Lovelle (1995–1996).
2557:I Visigoti e la rinascita culturale del secolo VII
2537:'Sueves', and referring to old Suevi settlements.
2033:, after c.550–558/559, existence sometimes doubted
1934:Golden Suevic coin made between years 410 and 500.
1507:
1235:The Suevi probably remained mostly pagan until an
1095:on 28 October. King Rechiar was later captured in
631:and the Suevi shared the northwestern province of
5661:States and territories disestablished in the 580s
4742:"Braga and Tours: Some Observations on Gregory's
4704:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4507:
4104:Spanish and Portuguese monastic history, 600-1300
2868:. Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. pp. 52–54.
2328:'lark' (from Proto-Germanic *laiwazikōn 'lark'),
5597:
4003:
4001:
3669:
3521:
1969:, 456–457, foreigner, possibly appointee of the
430:, they fought fiercely against the Romans under
381:, and was turned into the sixth province of the
4675:Bárbaros y romanos en Hispania (400 - 507 A.D.)
4404:
4042:Coleccion de Cánones de la Iglesia Española, II
3629:Coleccion de Cánones de la Iglesia Española, II
3471:Coleccion de Cánones de la Iglesia Española, II
2866:Bárbaros y romanos en Hispania (400 - 507 A.D.)
2410:Most notable were their contributions to local
2002:, 464–469, succeeded Frumar, reunited the Suebi
438:to Ageruchia, listing the invaders who were in
27:409–585 Germanic kingdom in northwestern Iberia
5656:States and territories established in the 400s
4624:
4588:DCECH s.v. rebuznar; Orel 2003 s.v. *hurnjanan
4552:DCECH s.v. bramar; Orel 2003 s.v. *brem(m)anan
4439:Historia de la lengua española, by Rafael Cano
4280:(Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1966), VIII.
4276:Guido Donini and Gordon B. Ford, Jr., Trans.,
3658:. Livraria Portugália Editora. pp. 19–82.
3383:
2560:(in Italian). Graphe.it Edizioni. p. 57.
2446:, Germanic genitive form of the name Sindila;
2147:in 470, as a continuation of the Chronicle of
1791:, thereby depriving his son of their support.
970:, just months after the death of the old king
934:King Rechila's shortlived conquests (438-448).
373:, the de facto kingdom was established by the
5208:
5071:
4630:Antroponomia medieval galega (ss. VIII - XII)
3998:
3508:
3506:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
2939:
2937:
2383:'to yearn' (from PGmc *bremmanan 'to roar'),
2063:, 584–585, deposed and put in a monastery by
1448:Map of Briton settlements in the 6th-century.
1434:
868:, a conflict arose between the Vandals under
836:
573:
5222:
4615:Kremer 2004: 139-140; Orel 2003 s.v. *saliz
4561:DCECH s.v. trousa; Orel 2003 s.v. *dreusanan
4127:
3041:
3039:
3037:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2081:
1978:, 456–460, in opposition to Framta after 457
1803:The Suebic Kingdom of Gallaecia, 6th century
5380:
5036:Minutes of the Councils of Braga and Toledo
4227:
4225:
2728:
2726:
2521:and six towns and villages are still named
2276:Portugal would only take place in 1095 AD.
1662:In 572 Miro ordered the celebration of the
982:, the Suevi managed to control Baetica and
619:, the Alans were allotted the provinces of
39:
5215:
5201:
5078:
5064:
4428:
4426:
4409:(7. ed.). Vigo: Galaxia. p. 58.
4158:Cf. Gillett (2003), and Arce (2005) p. 134
3503:
3478:
3443:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
3183:
2934:
2580:
2553:
1783:, and by the Sueves. This same year Miro,
843:
829:
510:. Other groups of Sueves are mentioned by
426:of the 2nd century, when, allied with the
422:, and who played an important part in the
62:
5611:Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula
5301:
5040:Collectio Hispana Gallica Augustodunensis
4947:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
4714:Cameron, Averil and others, ed. (2001b).
4707:Cameron, Averil and others, ed. (2001a).
4107:. London: Variorum Reprints. p. 21.
3991:
3989:
3732:
3730:
3705:"Martin of Braga: Formula Vitae Honestae"
3614:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
3409:Arias, Bieito (2011). Camiño Noia (ed.).
3271:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
3034:
2658:
2379:'to smash' (from PGmc *magōn 'stomach'),
2351:'to break' (from *breutanan 'to break'),
2176:Seven Books of History Against the Pagans
998:, leaving the crown to his son, Rechiar.
365:. Based in the former Roman provinces of
4913:
4543:DCECH s.v. amagar; Orel 2003 s.v. *magōn
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4222:
4038:
4007:
3958:
3905:
3880:
3837:
3745:
3625:
3467:
3433:
3073:
3067:
2744:
2742:
2723:
2308:Towns with Germanic toponyms in Portugal
2303:
2291:
2283:
2100:
2085:
1929:
1854:
1798:
1619:
1325:
1305:
1203:
1126:
929:
590:(part of modern-day Portugal and Spain).
577:
473:
317:
4759:
4597:DCECH s.v. tapa; Orel 2003 s.v. *tappōn
4423:
3608:
3606:
3604:
2450:from the Latin genitive form Munderici
2312:As the Suebi quickly adopted the local
1759:Later, in 579, Liuvigild's son, prince
1384:, an otherwise unknown sovereign named
68:Greatest extent of the Suebian Kingdom
14:
5598:
4781:
4432:
4100:
3986:
3727:
3670:Novo Güisán, José Miguel (1997–1998).
2748:
2422:were in use among Galicians up to the
2399:'lid, cap' (from PGmc *tappōn 'tap'),
2339:'titmouse', from *maisōn 'titmouse'),
1631:, from an 1145 manuscript of Martin's
5235:
5196:
5059:
4904:
4842:
4652:
4454:
4407:Gramática elemental del gallego común
4289:
4231:
4095:
4093:
3800:
3771:
3651:
3582:
3408:
3079:Old English and its Closest Relatives
3045:
2739:
2607:
2510:in Galicia, totalling a few hundred.
1572:in the north, under the obedience of
1247:at the request of the Suebic unifier
1042:(local Hispano-Roman insurgents). In
4697:University of Virginia: Spring 2007.
4672:
4475:
4055:
4039:Gonzalez, Francisco Antonio (1850).
3626:Gonzalez, Francisco Antonio (1850).
3601:
3468:Gonzalez, Francisco Antonio (1850).
2863:
2347:'vinegrape' (to *lauban 'foliage'),
898:. Heremigarius drowned in the river
3679:Boletín do Museo Provincial de Lugo
3522:Torres Rodríguez, Casimiro (1977).
2363:'elf, spirit' (from *albaz 'elf'),
1290:. Also, thanks to a letter sent by
1254:
962:. Next year, in 441, the armies of
24:
5274:(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania
4753:Journal of Early Christian Studies
4368:
4090:
3616:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, p. 291.
2984:Studia Historica. Historia Antigua
2420:personal names borne by the Sueves
2279:
1443:
1294:to the bishop Profuturus of Braga
1122:
713:The kingdom during the 5th century
25:
5687:
5317:Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
4970:
4767:. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.
4677:. Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia.
4405:Carballo Calero, Ricardo (1979).
2119:from the 2nd half of 10th century
1843:This same year, 585, a man named
1666:, which was presided over by the
1396:. As the coming of the relics of
1199:
878:Battle of the Nerbasius mountains
693:in the region between the rivers
490:in the year 176. Piazza Colonna (
115:(initially among elite and rural)
5006:
4991:
4941:Visigothic Spain: New Approaches
4837:Late Roman Spain and its Cities.
4646:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4564:
4555:
4546:
4537:
4528:
4519:
4498:
4480:A handbook of Germanic etymology
4398:
4362:
4337:
4324:
4311:
4283:
3807:, pp. 30–31, archived from
3778:, pp. 27–28, archived from
3411:Historia da Santa Igrexa de Iria
3384:López Carreira, Anselmo (2005).
3052:, pp. 37–38, archived from
2986:. 13–14: 421–436. Archived from
2470:, both in Portugal and Galicia;
2371:'gully' (from *grōbō 'groove'),
1920:List of Galician Suebic monarchs
1376:. And finally, according to the
1302:Conversion to Catholic Orthodoxy
855:
738:
685:, and in its most extreme form,
282:
257:
5545:Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia
4665:
4270:
4253:
4209:
4200:
4187:
4174:
4161:
4152:
4121:
4101:Bishko, Charles Julian (1984).
4049:
4032:
3977:
3952:
3937:
3924:
3899:
3869:
3856:
3831:
3822:
3793:
3764:
3739:
3715:
3697:
3662:
3645:
3636:
3619:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3515:
3494:
3461:
3427:
3402:
3377:
3368:
3355:
3342:
3333:
3320:
3307:
3294:
3281:
3258:
3249:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3205:
3200:Late Roman Spain and its Cities
3192:
3178:Late Roman Spain and its Cities
3170:
3161:
3148:
3139:
3134:Late Roman Spain and its Cities
3126:
3117:
3102:
3085:
3005:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2921:
2908:
2895:
2882:
2857:
2852:Late Roman Spain and its Cities
2844:
2831:
2826:Late Roman Spain and its Cities
2818:
2809:
2800:
2506:valley in Portugal, and around
1996:, 460–464, successor of Maldras
1984:, 457, in opposition to Maldras
1627:, king of Gallaecia, and Saint
1508:King Ariamir and king Theodemar
1001:
925:
650:in Galicia, in the north. Soon
646:in Portugal, in the south, and
5031:Medieval Galician anthroponomy
4782:Hummer, Hans J. (March 1998).
4128:García Turza, Claudio (2004).
2791:
2749:Hummer, Hans J. (March 1998).
2706:
2676:
2601:
2574:
2547:
1990:, 457–464, successor of Framta
1807:On the death of Miro, his son
1528:, making no mention at all of
1522:The most glorious king Ariamir
1243:, sent by the Visigothic king
950:Andevotus by the banks of the
13:
1:
5626:History of Portugal by polity
4373:– via www.academia.edu.
3585:Britonia : camiños novos
2533:, all of them from the Latin
2359:'bowl', from *skēlō 'bowl'),
2227:to Catholicism, while in the
1850:
1794:
1284:the most serene king Veremund
872:, and the Suevi, led by king
69:
5616:Medieval history of Portugal
5051:- translated by I.W. Raymond
5047:Historiarum Adversum Paganos
4852:The Journal of Roman Studies
4835:Kulikowski, Michael (2004).
4756:. 3 (1995), p. 195–210.
4746:De virtutibus sancti Martini
4700:Burgess, R. W., ed. (1993).
2617:The Journal of Roman Studies
1615:
1412:converted first through the
709:until the High Middle Ages.
562:and set up his own emperor,
217:• Conquest by the King
7:
5641:Former monarchies of Europe
4441:, Ariel, pp. 133–148,
4369:Corbal, Margarita Vazquez.
4296:, p. 6, archived from
4238:, p. 5, archived from
3828:History of the Franks, V.41
3386:O reino medieval de Galicia
2232:and as bishop and abbot of
1600:in the south, dependent of
991:magister utriusque militiae
705:(Lands of the Buri), named
679:High German consonant shift
102:(administrative/liturgical)
10:
5692:
5631:Former countries in Europe
4739:Ferreiro, Alberto (1995).
4626:Boullón Agrelo, Ana Isabel
4008:Ferreiro, Alberto (1986).
3434:Ferreiro, Alberto (1997).
3302:The Chronicles of Hydatius
2699:History against the pagans
2271:It has been said that the
2239:Formula for an Honest life
1923:
1748:, who were intercepted by
1476:("British church") and an
1439:
1435:6th century and annexation
574:Settlement and integration
398:Little is known about the
393:
388:
5515:
5445:Principality of Catalonia
5390:
5379:
5375:
5312:
5300:
5296:
5245:
5234:
5230:
5097:
5025:The Chronicle of Hydatius
5005:
4990:
4977:
4702:The Chronicle of Hydatius
4195:The Chronicle if Hydatius
4182:The Chronicle of Hydatius
4169:The Chronicle of Hydatius
4071:: 367–375. Archived from
4014:Antigüedad y Cristianismo
3108:Domingos Maria da Silva,
3091:Domingos Maria da Silva,
2945:The Chronicle of Hydatius
2916:The Chronicle of Hydatius
2890:The Chronicle of Hydatius
2581:Lodewijckx, Marc (1996).
2554:Montecchio, Luca (2006).
2529:, from the medieval form
2332:'titmouse' (same word as
2082:Sources and controversies
1926:List of Galician monarchs
1840:, in Southern Lusitania.
1717:), and one was a Briton,
876:. Both armies met in the
662:and in the valley of the
480:Column of Marcus Aurelius
467:, whilst the 4th century
298:
236:
232:
215:
198:
194:
186:
182:
170:
158:
154:
144:
134:
126:Chalcedonian Christianity
107:
87:
77:
61:
56:
34:
18:Suebic Kingdom of Galicia
5621:Medieval Galicia (Spain)
5224:Spain in the Middle Ages
5013:O reino suevo de Galicia
4998:O reino suevo de Galicia
4958:Thompson, E. A. (1982).
4936:Thompson, E. A. (1980).
4691:Arias, Jorge C. (2007).
4290:Arias, Jorge C. (2007),
4232:Arias, Jorge C. (2007),
3801:Arias, Jorge C. (2007),
3772:Arias, Jorge C. (2007),
3269:"The Birth of Ricimer",
3046:Arias, Jorge C. (2007),
2540:
2296:The district of Suevos,
2221:Miracles of Saint Martin
2155:400, in the city of the
1908:"), but in this context
1267:mentions one king named
1071:which also included the
348:Suebi Kingdom of Galicia
5651:6th century in Hispania
5646:5th century in Hispania
5383:Feudal Christian realms
5089:established around the
4914:Thompson, E.A. (1969).
4843:Pitts, Lynn F. (1989).
4803:10.1111/1468-0254.00016
4476:Orel, Vladimir (2003).
4433:Kremer, Dieter (2005),
4056:Díaz, Pablo C. (2004).
3959:Thompson, E.A. (1979).
3906:Thompson, E.A. (1979).
3881:Thompson, E.A. (1979).
3838:Thompson, E.A. (1979).
3746:Thompson, E.A. (1979).
3709:www.thelatinlibrary.com
2770:10.1111/1468-0254.00016
2608:Pitts, Lynn F. (1989).
2355:'bushel' (from ancient
1870:Third Council of Toledo
1785:king of the Gallaecians
1664:Second Council of Braga
1466:Second Council of Braga
755:Gallaeci (Celtic tribe)
658:, and in the region of
625:Hispania Carthaginensis
352:Galicia suevorum regnum
5530:Monarchs of al-Andalus
4632:. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
4386:Cite journal requires
4167:R.W. Burgess, Trans.,
3943:Iohannes Blicarensis,
3721:Iohannes Biclarensis,
3652:David, Pierre (1947).
3524:El reino de los suevos
3154:Isidorus Hispalensis,
2714:Suebi, id est Alamanni
2309:
2301:
2289:
2120:
2117:illuminated manuscript
2098:
1935:
1912:probably meant simply
1860:
1804:
1636:
1633:Formula Vitae Honestae
1518:First Council of Braga
1449:
1352:First Council of Braga
1347:
1323:
1213:
1136:
1032:Hispania Tarraconensis
935:
591:
495:
351:
343:
335:
323:
200:• Suebian leader
40:
5671:585 disestablishments
4960:Romans and Barbarians
4922:. London: Clarendon.
4905:Sachs, Georg (1932).
4791:Early Medieval Europe
4673:Arce, Javier (2005).
4653:Sachs, Georg (1932).
4347:has pointed out, cf.
4332:Romans and Barbarians
4319:Romans and Barbarians
4263:History of the Franks
4217:Romans and Barbarians
3583:Young, Simon (2002).
3474:. pp. 1018–1023.
3363:Romans and Barbarians
3350:Romans and Barbarians
3328:Romans and Barbarians
3315:Romans and Barbarians
3289:Romans and Barbarians
3213:Romans and Barbarians
3013:Romans and Barbarians
2929:Romans and Barbarians
2903:Romans and Barbarians
2864:Arce, Javier (2005).
2839:Romans and Barbarians
2758:Early Medieval Europe
2718:History of the Franks
2716:", Gregory of Tours,
2671:Romans and Barbarians
2307:
2295:
2287:
2229:History of the Franks
2104:
2089:
1948:, 427–429, leader in
1933:
1858:
1802:
1671:Saint Martin of Braga
1623:
1447:
1398:Saint Martin of Tours
1329:
1309:
1222:Conventus Asturicense
1207:
1130:
933:
918:sent a local bishop,
683:High German languages
581:
477:
469:Laterculus Veronensis
321:
88:Common languages
5606:Kingdom of the Suebi
5580:Monarchs of Valencia
5540:Monarchs of Asturias
5327:Caliphate of Córdoba
5267:Kingdom of the Suebi
5147:Kingdom of the Aurès
5107:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
4345:Xoán Bernárdez Vilar
4343:As writer-historian
2824:Michael Kulikowski,
2322:Portuguese languages
2151:. Hydatius was born
1777:Eastern Roman Empire
1679:Venantius Fortunatus
1474:Britonensis ecclesia
1282:who is addressed as
1147:wrote that he was a
948:Romanae militiae dux
701:, the area known as
681:that defines modern
328:Kingdom of the Suebi
265:Western Roman Empire
122:(mostly among elite)
95:(spoken among elite)
36:Kingdom of the Suebi
5575:Monarchs of Navarre
5570:Monarchs of Majorca
5560:Monarchs of Granada
5555:Monarchs of Galicia
5550:Monarchs of Castile
5520:Visigothic monarchs
5501:Kingdom of Valencia
5469:Kingdom of Artajona
5450:Kingdom of Pamplona
5441:County of Barcelona
5395:Kingdom of Asturias
5157:Ostrogothic kingdom
4078:on 11 November 2011
3961:Los godos en España
3908:Los godos en España
3883:Los godos en España
3840:Los godos en España
3748:Los godos en España
2734:History of the Wars
2696:", Paulus Orosius,
2375:'guts of fish' and
2110:Braulio of Zaragoza
2006:Period of obscurity
1512:On 1 May 561, king
1490:Parochiale suevorum
1368:states that it was
750:Prehistoric Galicia
338:), also called the
5676:Barbarian kingdoms
5666:409 establishments
5535:Monarchs of Aragon
5496:Kingdom of Majorca
5459:Kingdom of Viguera
5454:Kingdom of Navarre
5416:Kingdom of Castile
5404:Kingdom of Galicia
5363:Emirate of Granada
5322:Emirate of Córdoba
5279:Duchy of Cantabria
5255:Visigothic Kingdom
5182:Visigothic kingdom
5142:Kingdom of Odoacer
5112:Burgundian kingdom
5102:Alamannian kingdom
5087:Barbarian kingdoms
4918:The Goths in Spain
4832:, p. 133-148.
4579:DCECH s.v. gabarse
4570:DCECH s.v. brétema
4504:DCECH s.v. laverca
4484:. Leiden : Brill.
4358:on 2 December 2005
4300:on 7 November 2012
4242:on 7 November 2012
3995:Thompson 1979, 105
3932:Historia Francorum
3930:Gregory of Tours,
3877:Historia Francorum
3875:Gregory of Tours,
3864:Historia Francorum
3862:Gregory of Tours,
3811:on 7 November 2012
3782:on 7 November 2012
3642:Ferreiro, 199 n11.
3056:on 7 November 2012
2310:
2302:
2290:
2262:Isidore of Seville
2244:Divisio Theodemiri
2242:together with the
2121:
2106:Isidore of Seville
2099:
1936:
1861:
1805:
1773:Leander of Seville
1675:Isidore of Seville
1637:
1486:Divisio Theodemiri
1450:
1388:, having heard of
1366:Isidore of Seville
1348:
1324:
1312:St Martin of Braga
1288:Bermudo II of León
1261:Isidore of Seville
1214:
1137:
1131:The Roman city of
936:
795:Galicia at Present
775:Kingdom of Galicia
770:Brythonic Galicia
732:History of Galicia
669:The Suebi spoke a
592:
496:
383:Visigothic Kingdom
340:Kingdom of Galicia
324:
278:Visigothic Kingdom
223:Visigothic Kingdom
5593:
5592:
5511:
5510:
5487:Kingdom of Aragon
5464:Kingdom of Najera
5430:Kingdom of Toledo
5409:County of Castile
5371:
5370:
5351:Almohad Caliphate
5339:Almoravid Emirate
5292:
5291:
5284:Duchy of Vasconia
5238:Early Middle Ages
5190:
5189:
5167:Sub-Roman Britain
5137:Kingdom of Altava
5020:
5019:
4986:
4929:978-0-19-814271-3
4899:978-90-04-12875-0
4727:978-84-249-3654-9
4639:978-3-484-55512-9
4534:DCECH s.v. grabar
4416:978-84-7154-037-9
4114:978-0-86078-136-3
3500:Ferreiro, 198 n8.
3420:978-84-8158-526-1
3156:Suevorum Historia
3027:Donini and Ford,
2490:, in Galicia, or
2077:and was defeated.
2039:, 558/559–561/566
1874:Gregory the Great
1657:Battle of Vouillé
1361:Historia Suevorum
1314:, (c.510 - 580).
1239:missionary named
882:comes Hispaniarum
853:
852:
671:Germanic language
588:Iberian Peninsula
540:Germania Inferior
508:Iberian Peninsula
463:, or simply with
316:
315:
294:
293:
290:
289:
270:
269:
130:
129:(among commoners)
123:
116:
112:Germanic paganism
103:
96:
16:(Redirected from
5683:
5565:Monarchs of León
5483:County of Aragon
5477:
5437:Catalan counties
5420:Crown of Castile
5377:
5376:
5298:
5297:
5232:
5231:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5117:Frankish kingdom
5091:Migration Period
5080:
5073:
5066:
5057:
5056:
5010:
5009:
4995:
4994:
4985:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4933:
4921:
4910:
4909:. Leipzig: Jena.
4890:
4888:
4886:
4849:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4788:
4778:
4688:
4659:
4658:
4657:. Leipzig: Jena.
4650:
4644:
4643:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4526:
4525:Kremer 2004: 146
4523:
4517:
4516:Kremer 2004: 140
4514:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4483:
4473:
4452:
4451:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4354:, archived from
4341:
4335:
4328:
4322:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4287:
4281:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4229:
4220:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4198:
4191:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4062:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4005:
3996:
3993:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3956:
3950:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3873:
3867:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3676:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3617:
3610:
3599:
3598:
3587:. : Toxosoutos.
3580:
3574:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3366:
3359:
3353:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3311:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3216:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3106:
3100:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3043:
3032:
3025:
3016:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2941:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2730:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2551:
2432:High Middle Ages
2424:Late Middle Ages
2217:Gregory of Tours
2187:Gregory of Tours
1683:Gregory of Tours
1482:sedes Britonarum
1425:John of Biclarum
1382:Gregory of Tours
1342:or Albeldensis,
1318:or Albeldensis,
1255:The Arian period
1106:magister militum
845:
838:
831:
742:
717:
716:
617:Hispania Baetica
558:led a revolt in
519:Germanic peoples
286:
285:
274:
273:
261:
254:
253:
238:
237:
128:
121:
114:
101:
94:
71:
66:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5636:Former kingdoms
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5585:Military orders
5525:Suebic monarchs
5507:
5491:Crown of Aragon
5471:
5399:Kingdom of León
5386:
5367:
5308:
5288:
5241:
5226:
5221:
5191:
5186:
5172:Suebian kingdom
5152:Lombard kingdom
5122:Frisian kingdom
5093:
5084:
5054:
5007:
4992:
4983:
4973:
4968:
4930:
4884:
4882:
4847:
4815:
4813:
4786:
4775:
4761:Gillett, Andrew
4685:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4606:DCECH s.v. veta
4605:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4474:
4455:
4449:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4403:
4399:
4387:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4329:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4303:
4301:
4288:
4284:
4275:
4271:
4258:
4254:
4245:
4243:
4230:
4223:
4215:E.A. Thompson,
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4192:
4188:
4179:
4175:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4098:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4045:. p. 1030.
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3987:
3983:Donini and Ford
3982:
3978:
3971:
3957:
3953:
3942:
3938:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3874:
3870:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3798:
3794:
3785:
3783:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3674:
3667:
3663:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3624:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3595:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3479:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3286:
3282:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3210:
3206:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3107:
3103:
3090:
3086:
3075:Robinson, Orrin
3072:
3068:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3019:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2993:on 28 June 2021
2990:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2836:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2753:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2724:
2711:
2707:
2703:.15, 38 and 40.
2681:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2282:
2280:Cultural legacy
2251:John of Biclaro
2213:Martin of Braga
2093:, who lived in
2084:
2073:, 585, opposed
2025:fl. 6th century
1928:
1922:
1853:
1825:John of Biclaro
1797:
1641:John of Biclaro
1629:Martin of Braga
1618:
1520:, being styled
1510:
1442:
1437:
1402:Martin of Braga
1390:Martin of Tours
1374:Martin of Braga
1340:Codex Vigilanus
1316:Codex Vigilanus
1304:
1257:
1202:
1125:
1123:Competing kings
1004:
928:
858:
849:
780:Compostelan Era
760:Roman Gallaecia
726:
715:
703:Terras de Bouro
629:Hasding Vandals
576:
552:Constantine III
548:Belgica Secunda
432:Marcus Aurelius
396:
391:
336:Regnum Suevorum
309:
305:
283:
225:
208:
173:
161:
160:• 409–438
124:
117:
97:
73:
52:
45:
41:Regnum Suevorum
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5689:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5466:
5461:
5447:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5353:
5348:
5341:
5336:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5228:
5227:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5197:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5177:Vandal kingdom
5174:
5169:
5164:
5162:Rugian kingdom
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5060:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5033:
5028:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5003:
5002:
4988:
4987:
4972:
4971:External links
4969:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4956:
4934:
4928:
4911:
4902:
4891:
4864:10.2307/301180
4840:
4833:
4822:
4779:
4774:978-0521813495
4773:
4757:
4737:
4730:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4683:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4645:
4638:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4590:
4581:
4572:
4563:
4554:
4545:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4506:
4497:
4490:
4453:
4447:
4422:
4415:
4397:
4388:|journal=
4361:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4282:
4269:
4252:
4221:
4208:
4199:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4151:
4120:
4113:
4089:
4048:
4031:
3997:
3985:
3976:
3969:
3951:
3936:
3923:
3916:
3898:
3891:
3868:
3855:
3848:
3830:
3821:
3792:
3763:
3756:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3696:
3661:
3644:
3635:
3632:. p. 614.
3618:
3600:
3593:
3575:
3573:Ferreiro, 207.
3566:
3557:
3555:Ferreiro, 199.
3548:
3539:
3532:
3514:
3502:
3493:
3477:
3460:
3426:
3419:
3401:
3394:
3376:
3367:
3354:
3341:
3332:
3319:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3278:(1995), p. 382
3257:
3248:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3182:
3169:
3160:
3147:
3138:
3125:
3116:
3101:
3084:
3066:
3033:
3017:
3004:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2933:
2920:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2874:
2856:
2843:
2830:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2738:
2722:
2705:
2675:
2657:
2629:10.2307/301180
2600:
2593:
2573:
2566:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2300:, 18th century
2281:
2278:
2253:, a Visigoth,
2091:Paulus Orosius
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1924:Main article:
1921:
1918:
1894:Idanha-a-Velha
1852:
1849:
1796:
1793:
1734:Medina-Sidonia
1715:Idanha-a-Velha
1697:, Wittimer of
1617:
1614:
1598:Idanha-a-Velha
1526:Priscillianism
1509:
1506:
1454:Romano-Britons
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1303:
1300:
1265:Divisio Wambae
1256:
1253:
1208:Suebic sword.
1201:
1200:King Remismund
1198:
1124:
1121:
1036:Gulf of Biscay
1003:
1000:
984:Carthaginensis
927:
924:
857:
854:
851:
850:
848:
847:
840:
833:
825:
822:
821:
820:
819:
810:
800:
799:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
744:
743:
735:
734:
728:
727:
720:
714:
711:
640:Atlantic Ocean
613:Siling Vandals
575:
572:
478:Detail of the
395:
392:
390:
387:
344:Regnum Galicia
314:
313:
300:
296:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
280:
271:
268:
267:
262:
250:
249:
244:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
216:
213:
212:
209:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
171:
168:
167:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
109:
105:
104:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
67:
59:
58:
54:
53:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5688:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5475:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5213:
5211:
5206:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Hunnic empire
5130:
5128:
5127:Gepid kingdom
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5050:
5048:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4989:
4984:(in Galician)
4980:
4976:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4953:0-19-822543-1
4950:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4830:84-344-8261-4
4827:
4823:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4684:84-96467-02-3
4680:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4656:
4649:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4558:
4549:
4540:
4531:
4522:
4513:
4511:
4501:
4493:
4491:90-04-12875-1
4487:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4450:
4448:84-344-8261-4
4444:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4427:
4418:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4393:
4380:
4372:
4365:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4327:
4320:
4314:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4286:
4279:
4273:
4265:
4264:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4226:
4218:
4212:
4203:
4196:
4190:
4183:
4177:
4170:
4164:
4155:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4094:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3980:
3972:
3970:84-206-1321-5
3966:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3927:
3919:
3917:84-206-1321-5
3913:
3909:
3902:
3894:
3892:84-206-1321-5
3888:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3865:
3859:
3851:
3849:84-206-1321-5
3845:
3841:
3834:
3825:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3796:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3767:
3759:
3757:84-206-1321-5
3753:
3749:
3742:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3596:
3594:84-95622-58-0
3590:
3586:
3579:
3570:
3564:Thompson, 88.
3561:
3552:
3546:Thompson, 87.
3543:
3535:
3533:84-85319-11-7
3529:
3525:
3518:
3512:Thompson, 83.
3509:
3507:
3497:
3491:Thompson, 86.
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3395:84-96403-54-8
3391:
3387:
3380:
3374:Hydatius, 237
3371:
3364:
3358:
3351:
3345:
3339:Hydatius, 196
3336:
3329:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3284:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3255:Hydatius, 166
3252:
3245:
3239:
3233:Hydatius, 165
3230:
3224:Hydatius, 134
3221:
3214:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3030:
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3022:
3014:
3008:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2891:
2885:
2877:
2875:84-96467-02-3
2871:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2719:
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2709:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2594:90-6186-722-3
2590:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2567:88-89840-06-4
2563:
2559:
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2550:
2546:
2538:
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2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
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2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:East Germanic
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:'to praise',
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2133:Mediterranean
2130:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2112:(left) in an
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:, 561/566–570
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:, Remisol of
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:According to
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:metropolitans
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:episcopal see
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:Pope Vigilius
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1192:In the south
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:, and of the
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
999:
997:
992:
987:
985:
981:
978:, capital of
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
932:
923:
921:
917:
913:
910:
904:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:King Hermeric
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
814:
811:
809:
808:
804:
803:
802:
801:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Suebi Kingdom
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
741:
737:
736:
733:
730:
729:
724:
719:
718:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
589:
585:
580:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:Belgica Prima
541:
537:
532:
528:
523:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Germanic Wars
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
386:
385:in Hispania.
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:and northern
368:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
320:
312:
308:
304:
301:
299:Today part of
297:
281:
279:
276:
275:
272:
266:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
214:
210:
207:
203:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
175:
169:
166:
163:
157:
153:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
127:
120:
113:
110:
106:
100:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
65:
60:
55:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
5424:Castile-León
5423:
5381:
5355:
5345:Second Taifa
5343:
5331:
5302:
5266:
5236:
5171:
5046:
5039:
5012:
4997:
4981:documentary
4959:
4945:Edward James
4940:
4937:
4917:
4906:
4883:. Retrieved
4855:
4851:
4836:
4814:. Retrieved
4794:
4790:
4764:
4751:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4692:
4674:
4666:Bibliography
4654:
4648:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4593:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4557:
4548:
4539:
4530:
4521:
4500:
4479:
4438:
4406:
4400:
4379:cite journal
4364:
4356:the original
4350:
4339:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4313:
4302:, retrieved
4298:the original
4292:
4285:
4277:
4272:
4262:
4255:
4244:, retrieved
4240:the original
4234:
4216:
4211:
4202:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4176:
4168:
4163:
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4137:
4134:Aemilianense
4133:
4123:
4103:
4080:. Retrieved
4073:the original
4068:
4064:
4051:
4041:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4017:
4013:
3979:
3960:
3954:
3945:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3907:
3901:
3882:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3858:
3839:
3833:
3824:
3813:, retrieved
3809:the original
3803:
3795:
3784:, retrieved
3780:the original
3774:
3766:
3747:
3741:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3685:(2): 177–194
3682:
3678:
3664:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3628:
3621:
3613:
3584:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3551:
3542:
3523:
3517:
3496:
3470:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3446:
3442:
3429:
3410:
3404:
3385:
3379:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3344:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3275:
3270:
3260:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3198:Kulikowski,
3194:
3185:
3177:
3176:Kulikowski,
3172:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3145:Hydatius, 92
3141:
3133:
3132:Kulikowski,
3128:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3092:
3087:
3082:pages 194-5.
3078:
3069:
3058:, retrieved
3054:the original
3048:
3028:
3012:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2988:the original
2983:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2944:
2928:
2923:
2915:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2850:Kulikowski,
2846:
2838:
2833:
2825:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2761:
2757:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2670:
2648:. Retrieved
2620:
2616:
2603:
2583:
2576:
2556:
2549:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2416:anthroponymy
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2314:Vulgar Latin
2311:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2220:
2206:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2175:
2173:
2152:
2149:Saint Jerome
2142:
2122:
2108:(right) and
2005:
1946:Heremigarius
1942:, c. 409–438
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1878:
1876:soon after.
1862:
1842:
1828:
1806:
1784:
1758:
1723:
1713:, Adoric of
1661:
1638:
1632:
1609:
1605:
1546:
1541:
1538:Suebian knot
1533:
1521:
1511:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1451:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1394:Nicene faith
1359:
1349:
1295:
1283:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1245:Theodoric II
1234:
1215:
1191:
1176:
1169:
1157:
1138:
1105:
1061:Theodoric II
1058:
1005:
1002:King Rechiar
988:
947:
937:
926:King Rechila
905:
892:Heremigarius
889:
881:
859:
805:
785:Rexurdimento
706:
687:Upper German
668:
637:
608:
604:
593:
524:
516:
504:ethnogenesis
499:
497:
464:
418:and western
397:
363:Roman Empire
347:
339:
327:
325:
247:Succeeded by
246:
241:
29:
5472: [
5357:Third Taifa
5333:First Taifa
5015:. Episode 2
5000:. Episode 1
4797:(1): 1–27.
4144:10 February
4082:10 February
2764:(1): 1–27.
2732:Procopius,
2504:Minho river
2502:and in the
2442:, medieval
1781:Justinian I
1761:Hermenegild
1750:Chilperic I
1554:Iria Flavia
1480:called the
1472:called the
1468:refer to a
1016:Theodoric I
790:Galicianism
664:Minho river
615:settled in
568:Constantine
242:Preceded by
172:• 585
5600:Categories
5307:(711-1492)
5304:Al-Andalus
5049:, Book VII
4885:25 January
4816:25 January
4330:Thompson,
4317:Thompson,
4304:25 January
4246:25 January
4024:31 January
3815:25 January
3786:25 January
3689:30 January
3453:30 January
3361:Thompson,
3348:Thompson,
3326:Thompson,
3313:Thompson,
3287:Thompson,
3242:Jordanes,
3211:Thompson,
3097:Portuguese
3060:25 January
3011:Thompson,
2997:25 January
2927:Thompson,
2901:Thompson,
2837:Thompson,
2783:25 January
2669:Thompson,
2650:25 January
2513:In modern
2452:Munderic's
2444:Sindilanes
2403:'ribbon',
2193:in Spain.
2161:Lima River
2125:Ostrogoths
2023:Theodemund
2013:fl. c. 485
2011:Hermeneric
1851:Annexation
1834:Septimania
1795:Last kings
1429:Reccared I
1380:historian
1269:Theodemund
1226:Conímbriga
1212:, Portugal
1210:Conimbriga
1133:Conimbriga
1073:Burgundian
966:conquered
920:Symphosius
912:hill forts
648:Pontevedra
627:, and the
536:Radagaisus
484:Marcomanni
453:Sarmatians
436:St. Jerome
428:Marcomanni
359:post-Roman
135:Government
5250:Visigoths
5045:Orosius,
4880:163755985
4858:: 45–58.
4811:162271660
4321:, 217–218
4193:Burgess,
4180:Burgess,
4140:: 95–170
4020:: 145–150
3946:Chrocicon
3723:Chronicon
3449:: 263–272
3352:, 167–168
3300:Burgess,
3291:, 168–169
3202:, 183–184
3180:, 180–181
3111:Os Búrios
3093:Os Búrios
2943:Burgess,
2914:Burgess,
2888:Burgess,
2854:, 156–157
2778:162271660
2689:movement)
2645:163755985
2623:: 45–58.
2476:Witterici
2460:Gundemari
2334:Old Norse
2330:meixengra
2219:. In the
2210:Pannonian
2095:Gallaecia
2075:Liuvigild
2065:Liuvigild
2051:, 570–583
2043:Theodemar
2000:Remismund
1988:Richimund
1971:Visigoths
1963:, 448–456
1957:, 438–448
1950:Lusitania
1771:, and of
1742:Cantabria
1668:Pannonian
1649:Liuvigild
1643:, in 570
1616:King Miro
1606:ecclesiae
1498:Brythonic
1370:Theodemar
1334:with the
1310:Image of
1249:Remismund
1218:Remismund
1183:Richimund
1069:foederati
1063:over the
1053:Visigoths
1024:Saragossa
940:Gallaecia
866:Aquitania
675:Irminones
633:Gallaecia
621:Lusitania
556:Gerontius
459:with the
457:Gallaecia
379:Visigoths
371:Lusitania
367:Gallaecia
354:), was a
303:Gibraltar
219:Leovigild
206:Gallaecia
204:conquers
108:Religion
4763:(2003).
4628:(1999).
4065:Zephyrvs
3077:(1992),
2694:Pyrenees
2519:parishes
2472:Guitiriz
2468:Baltarii
2456:Gondomar
2448:Mondariz
2436:Portugal
2426:, while
2412:toponymy
2377:esmagar
2337:meisingr
2318:Galician
2225:Chararic
2198:Jordanes
2165:Hispania
2145:Hydatius
2114:Ottonian
2031:Chararic
2017:Veremund
1940:Hermeric
1914:Gallaeci
1906:ceruleum
1865:Reccared
1769:Ingundis
1754:Poitiers
1726:Runcones
1691:Nitigius
1558:Britonia
1530:Arianism
1462:Britonia
1386:Chararic
1378:Frankish
1344:Escurial
1320:Escurial
1280:Veremund
1276:Portugal
1216:In 464,
1145:Jordanes
1117:Palencia
1102:Majorian
1081:Hilperic
1065:Pyrenees
1051:and the
1047:emperor
1040:bagaudae
1020:Vasconia
1011:Catholic
972:Hermeric
916:Hermeric
909:Iron Age
900:Guadiana
896:Gaiseric
885:Asterius
874:Hermeric
870:Gunderic
817:Consorts
813:Monarchs
807:Timeline
723:a series
721:Part of
600:Hydatius
596:Pyrenees
584:Hermeric
560:Hispania
512:Jordanes
461:Alamanni
420:Slovakia
356:Germanic
350:(Latin:
342:(Latin:
311:Portugal
202:Hermeric
165:Hermeric
139:Monarchy
119:Arianism
3934:, V.43.
3866:, VI.43
3265:Gillett
3029:Isidore
2736:, III.3
2517:, four
2515:Galicia
2440:Sandiás
2393:ornear
2385:trousa
2381:bremar
2326:laverca
2298:Arteixo
2273:history
2191:Germans
2180:Orosius
2071:Malaric
2037:Ariamir
2019:fl. 535
1976:Maldras
1961:Rechiar
1955:Rechila
1890:Coimbra
1845:Malaric
1765:Seville
1746:Gontram
1730:Cordova
1699:Ourense
1655:in the
1594:Coimbra
1566:Ourense
1562:Astorga
1542:Ilderic
1514:Ariamir
1470:diocese
1440:Britons
1356:Ariamir
1346:library
1336:bishops
1332:Ariamir
1322:library
1172:Baetica
1161:Maldras
1113:Astorga
1109:Ricimer
1089:Astorga
1077:Gundioc
1007:Rechiar
980:Baetica
976:Seville
968:Seville
964:Rechila
960:Mértola
944:Rechila
656:Astorga
564:Maximus
527:Vandals
465:Germans
449:Vandals
445:Orosius
416:Austria
404:crossed
394:Origins
389:History
221:of the
187:History
177:Malaric
78:Capital
57:409–585
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2535:Sueuos
2531:Suevos
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2202:Getica
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2157:Limici
2138:Franks
2061:Audeca
2055:Eboric
1994:Frumar
1982:Framta
1967:Aioulf
1882:Lamego
1830:Goths.
1821:priest
1817:ordain
1813:Audeca
1809:Eburic
1789:solidi
1738:Málaga
1719:Mailoc
1653:Franks
1590:Lamego
1576:; and
1534:granos
1502:Maeloc
1494:Maximi
1414:relics
1230:Lisbon
1194:Frumar
1165:Framta
1141:Aioulf
1085:Órbigo
1075:kings
1049:Avitus
1044:Lleida
1028:Lleida
956:Mérida
862:Wallia
725:on the
695:Cávado
609:sortes
546:, and
500:per se
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5262:Suebi
5038:, in
4876:S2CID
4868:JSTOR
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2641:S2CID
2633:JSTOR
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2541:Notes
2500:Porto
2496:Braga
2466:from
2458:from
2418:, as
2401:fita
2397:zapa
2373:maga
2369:groba
2365:marco
2357:scala
2345:lóvio
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2255:circa
2178:, by
2153:circa
1910:Suebi
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1500:name
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1406:circa
1330:King
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1153:Porto
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1097:Porto
1093:Braga
1087:near
1030:, in
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952:Genil
707:Burio
699:Homem
652:Braga
644:Porto
605:sorte
531:Alans
488:Quadi
412:Quadi
408:Rhine
400:Suebi
375:Suebi
346:) or
332:Latin
307:Spain
99:Latin
92:Suebi
82:Braga
48:Latin
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4949:ISBN
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