539:
986:
741:
31:
410:. The Druze were defeated in the latter two battles. After rebel victories against France, it sent thousands of troops to Syria and Lebanon from Morocco and Senegal, equipped with modern weapons, compared to the few supplies of the rebels. This dramatically altered the results and allowed the French to regain many cities, although resistance lasted until the spring of 1927. The French sentenced Sultan al-Atrash to death, but he had escaped with the rebels to
2668:
2087:
2657:
685:
713:
699:
371:
2200:
755:
727:
470:
352:
209:
301:
on July 24, 1920. Sultan was gathering his men to fight the French but the quick succession of events cut his efforts short, as French forces entered
Damascus and the country was divided into five states,
505:) when he led the revolution against the French, which involved rebels belonging to many religions. His speeches and publications were entirely devoid of religious symbols.
220:, Sultan among them. However, during the first World War, the Ottomans left Jabal el Druze in peace as they feared rebellion. Sultan was then able to get in touch with
461:
and Syria in 1958, and firmly opposed the process of separation in 1961. He is also known for his contributions to social life and development in the Druze
Mountain.
333:
they thought to transport
Khanjar, who was in fact sent to Damascus by airplane. The French responded by destroying his house and ordering his arrest. Sultan fled to
2504:
2604:
449:, al-Atrash was often harassed because of his opposition to government policy. He left the Druze Mountain for Jordan in December 1954, and came back when
1846:
2378:
915:
579:
329:. Upon his arrival home, Sultan demanded the release of Khanjar, but the French refused. A few days later, Sultan and his men attacked a French
2276:
216:
Sami Pasha used military force and trickery and succeeded at last in occupying Jabal el Druze. He sent hundreds of young Druze to fight in the
477:
Sultan Pasha al-Atrash, is one of the most popular of recently prominent leaders in Arab and Syrian history, especially among the Druze. Many
1876:
1323:
481:
of Al-Atrash exist in main squares on Druze
Mountain, and his photos hang in many houses in the region. Al-Atrash is also prominent in local
2717:
2722:
415:
2727:
1831:
1259:
359:
In 1925 Sultan Pasha al-Atrash led a revolt which broke out in the Druze
Mountain and spread to engulf the whole of Syria and parts of
2358:
1826:
1956:
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1851:
985:
1816:
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1328:
908:
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rebel who was seeking refuge at Sultan's house while he was away. Khanjar was wanted for attempting to assassinate
General
1866:
1811:
508:
Al-Atrash strongly rejected the French offer of independence for the Druze
Mountain. He demanded a national Syrian unity.
337:
and subsequently launched raids against French posts. Ten months later, he returned, having been pardoned by the French.
2737:
2712:
2338:
1806:
382:
On August 23, 1925, Sultan Pasha al-Atrash officially declared revolution against France, and soon fighting erupted in
2732:
1948:
1871:
924:
872:
649:
247:, he engaged in saving Armenian refugees from the Armenian genocide ; for this, he would have been in link with
1736:
1728:
1392:
901:
155:
One of the most influential figures in Syrian and Druze history, he played a major role in deciding the destiny of
2184:
538:
501:
Al-Atrash is known for his secularism when he raised the slogan "Religion is for God, the fatherland is for all" (
1212:
1474:
1896:
1658:
1252:
938:
248:
149:
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1096:
258:, he sent a thousand men to join the revolt. He joined them himself, with another 300 men, when they reached
200:
Sultan al-Atrash was an
Ottoman army conscript, serving in the Balkans prior to the outbreak of World War I.
1464:
1444:
1424:
587:
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2707:
2403:
1841:
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1340:
1357:
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2383:
1966:
1796:
1786:
2317:
2116:
1937:
1930:
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1540:
1302:
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The newly independent kingdom of Syria didn't survive for long, as it was occupied by France after the
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2090:
1891:
1781:
1678:
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1345:
1245:
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367:, as it encompassed the whole of Syria and witnessed fierce battles between rebel and French forces.
2146:
1399:
1196:
1161:
718:
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438:, for which hundreds of young people had already volunteered and sent to participate in during the
795:
2052:
1971:
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1222:
1052:
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485:, including many poems and popular songs. For several reasons the Druze consider him a symbol of
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267:
712:
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394:. Al-Atrash won several battles against the French at the beginning of revolution, notably the
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8:
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During the period of Syrian-Egyptian unity, on a visit to the
Suwayda province President
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Al-Atrash refused to accept any political office after the independence of Syria in 1946.
399:
346:
145:
754:
430:, that led to Syrian independence. In 1948 he called for the establishment of a unified
2481:
2413:
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2047:
2007:
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1439:
1414:
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was attended by more than a million people, and the
President of Syrian Arab Republic
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1217:
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634:
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244:
2199:
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2454:
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1961:
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1382:
1268:
1166:
1141:
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414:
and was eventually pardoned. He returned to Syria in 1937 after the signing of the
275:
103:
2154:
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2614:
2554:
2549:
2511:
2348:
2291:
2150:
2012:
1981:
1976:
1821:
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1708:
1638:
1618:
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1583:
1484:
1362:
975:
943:
785:
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115:
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Suwayda celebration for Sultan's and the other rebels' return from exile in 1937
2671:
2539:
2281:
2017:
1856:
1751:
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1459:
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1282:
1136:
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issued an individual letter mourning al-Atrash as the General Commander of the
559:
530:
Honored Sultan Pasha al-Atrash for his historic role in the Syrian Revolution.
527:
450:
446:
270:
on the government house on September 29, 1918. Sultan was a good friend of the
156:
2686:
2636:
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2609:
2229:
2022:
1648:
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1429:
1191:
1156:
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1022:
965:
704:
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624:
427:
315:
185:, which had nominally governed the region since 1879. His father Zuqan led a
58:
2631:
2459:
2333:
2057:
1698:
1558:
1553:
1409:
1335:
1287:
1186:
1131:
732:
669:
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893:
30:
2312:
2164:
2159:
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1530:
1377:
1372:
1318:
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honored Sultan Pasha al-Atrash by awarding him the highest medal of the
278:, leader of the Arab forces in the revolt, and was awarded the title of
2599:
1608:
1525:
1520:
1449:
494:
486:
407:
363:. This is considered one of the most important revolutions against the
178:
174:
54:
2559:
2582:
2343:
2239:
2179:
1292:
271:
182:
2656:
2471:
2032:
1741:
1237:
482:
383:
370:
263:
469:
232:. As the revolt started he raised the Arab flag on the citadel of
2434:
2189:
555:
490:
478:
360:
351:
319:
283:
233:
217:
190:
135:
2449:
2234:
2174:
374:
Hilal al-Atrash, Sultan's kinsman and the rebellious sheikh of
334:
330:
322:
2466:
2444:
2439:
2132:
1836:
787:
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
659:
458:
375:
287:
259:
255:
229:
138:
85:
378:, during a ceremony celebrating the release of Syrian rebels
2476:
2429:
391:
387:
291:
279:
473:
Pasha al-Atrash in his late 80s, at his home at al-Qurayya
2101:
859:
The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism
609:, is a dramatist and activist against the Assad regime.
35:
Al-Atrash in the Arabian desert after the Syrian revolt
550:
Sultan Pasha al-Atrash died on March 26, 1982, from a
239:
According to testimonies from survivors, during the
129:
340:
286:in the Syrian army, the equivalent of the title of
1847:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2379:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
294:, helped Sultan a lot during his years in exile.
2684:
402:on August 2, 1925, and the battles of Salkhad,
197:. He was captured and later executed in 1911.
2117:
1877:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1324:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
1253:
909:
790:. Oxford University Press. pp. 143â146.
309:
511:He was known for simple living and humility.
421:
95:Leader of the Great Syrian Revolt of 1925â27
923:
418:. He was met with a huge public reception.
2124:
2110:
1260:
1246:
916:
902:
314:On July 7, 1922, French soldiers captured
203:
29:
2359:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
796:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570485.001.0001
602:and the classical Ba'athists in general.
1957:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
1887:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
1852:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
854:
780:
537:
468:
369:
350:
207:
162:
1832:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
1817:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
426:Al-Atrash participated actively in the
2685:
1827:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
193:in 1910, where he faced the forces of
134:; 5 March 1891 â 26 March 1982) was a
2105:
1241:
897:
863:. University of Texas Press. p.
503:Ad-dÄ«n li-llÄh wa-l-waáčan li-l-jamÄ«Ë€
453:regime fell. Al-Atrash supported the
262:. His forces were the first to enter
181:known for the famous Druze family of
1267:
1103:Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence
2718:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire
1867:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
774:
119:
13:
2723:People from as-Suwayda Governorate
1807:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
1329:1936â1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
16:Syrian Druze commander (1891â1982)
14:
2764:
2728:People of the Great Syrian Revolt
1872:Palestine Liberation Organization
650:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
2667:
2666:
2655:
2364:Druze Power Struggle (1658â1667)
2198:
2086:
2085:
1812:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
1495:IranâSaudi Arabia proxy conflict
984:
753:
739:
725:
711:
697:
683:
341:The Syrian Revolution of 1925â27
177:, a village 20 km south of
1455:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'Ă©tat
812:from the original on 2023-04-04
2339:Kisrawan campaigns (1292â1305)
1897:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
1659:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
881:
848:
823:
150:French colonial administration
1:
2578:Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine
767:
464:
173:Sultan al-Atrash was born in
2404:Druze in Mandatory Palestine
1842:Federation of Arab Republics
1802:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
1792:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
1393:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
1341:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
578:was an active member in the
526:. In 1970, Syrian President
7:
2753:Arab independence activists
2384:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
1967:Flag of the Arab Federation
1797:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
1787:Arab Socialist Action Party
612:
130:
10:
2769:
2196:
1938:On the Way of Resurrection
1931:The Battle for One Destiny
1862:Lebanese National Movement
1303:Third International Theory
855:Provence, Michael (2005).
835:Armenian Museum of America
542:Sculpture of al-Atrash in
344:
310:The Adham Khanjar incident
189:against the Ottomans near
166:
144:revolutionary who led the
2738:Syrian military personnel
2713:Ottoman Arab nationalists
2650:
2568:
2532:
2490:
2422:
2326:
2300:
2269:
2248:
2207:
2139:
2131:
2081:
1990:
1947:
1915:
1892:Unified Political Command
1782:Arab Nationalist Movement
1727:
1679:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
1539:
1508:
1475:1969 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
1346:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
1311:
1275:
1205:
1119:
1112:
1097:PauletâNewcombe Agreement
1083:
993:
982:
931:
569:
422:Role after the revolution
254:When Arab forces reached
159:and of Syria in general.
99:
91:
81:
65:
40:
28:
21:
2733:Syrian Arab nationalists
2225:BahÄ'a ad-DÄ«n al-Muqtana
1400:1952 Egyptian revolution
1213:French High Commissioner
1197:Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar
719:Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar
640:Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar
533:
290:. Faisal, later king of
224:and especially with the
2344:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty
2318:Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb
2053:Palestinian nationalism
1972:Flag of the Arab Revolt
1465:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1445:1963 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1425:1961 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1053:Battle of al-Musayfirah
925:French Mandate of Syria
590:led to the downfall of
588:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
204:Role in the Arab revolt
2505:Maronite-Druze dualism
2500:Christianity and Druze
2389:Hauran Druze Rebellion
1480:1969 Libyan revolution
1358:1941 Iraqi coup d'Ă©tat
1070:SyriaâLebanon campaign
1033:Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa
1028:1925–1927 revolt
971:Sanjak of Alexandretta
580:Syrian Regional Branch
547:
474:
398:on July 21, 1925, the
379:
356:
236:and on his own house.
213:
169:Hauran Druze Rebellion
2625:List of Israeli Druze
2354:Mount Lebanon Emirate
2215:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
2038:Jordanian nationalism
1772:Arab Islamic Republic
1767:Arab Higher Committee
1644:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
1624:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1435:North Yemen civil war
1368:ArabâIsraeli conflict
1162:Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah
1091:SykesâPicot Agreement
596:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
541:
472:
440:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
373:
354:
211:
195:Sami Pasha al-Farouqi
163:Early life and career
2642:Persecution of Druze
2605:Druze Arabic dialect
2409:Jaysh al-Muwahhideen
2220:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi
2073:Tunisian nationalism
2043:Lebanese nationalism
2003:Egyptian nationalism
1998:Algerian nationalism
1902:United Arab Republic
1777:Arab Liberation Army
1757:Arab Ba'ath Movement
1614:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1172:Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi
831:"Share Your Stories"
524:United Arab Republic
445:During the reign of
432:Arab Liberation Army
416:Franco-Syrian Treaty
2743:Syrian nationalists
2708:Syrian Druze people
2662:Religion portal
2595:Alam al-Din dynasty
2185:Seven Durzi pillars
2063:Sahrawi nationalism
1420:1959 Mosul uprising
1353:Great Syrian Revolt
1182:Saadallah al-Jabiri
1147:Mustafa Bey Barmada
1065:1936 general strike
1048:Battle of al-Mazraa
1016:Capture of Damascus
620:Great Syrian Revolt
605:His granddaughter,
400:Battle of al-Mazraa
347:Great Syrian Revolt
306:being one of them.
146:Great Syrian Revolt
2748:Syrian politicians
2482:Salman the Persian
2414:Qalb Loze massacre
2369:Battle of Ain Dara
2256:Epistles of Wisdom
2240:Muhammad al-Darazī
2068:Syrian nationalism
2048:Libyan nationalism
2008:Greater Mauritania
1924:The Arab Awakening
1907:United Arab States
1882:Rejectionist Front
1689:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1500:Yemeni unification
1490:Lebanese Civil War
1470:17 July Revolution
1440:Ramadan Revolution
1415:14 July Revolution
1058:1925 Hama uprising
1038:Capture of Salkhad
1011:Battle of Maysalun
954:Al-Jazira Province
548:
520:Gamal Abdel Nasser
475:
380:
357:
299:Battle of Maysalun
282:and the rank of a
222:Pan-Arab movements
214:
2680:
2679:
2533:Druze communities
2517:Judaism and Druze
2491:Relationship with
2394:Jabal Druze State
2374:1838 Druze Revolt
2308:Al-Khidr Festival
2287:Khalwat al-Bayada
2208:Important figures
2099:
2098:
2028:Iraqi nationalism
1719:Constantin Zureiq
1569:Abdul Rahman Arif
1549:Butrus al-Bustani
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1218:Charles de Gaulle
1152:Shukri al-Quwatli
1043:Battle of al-Kafr
1006:Franco-Syrian War
961:Jabal Druze State
949:State of Damascus
805:978-0-19-957048-5
564:Syrian Revolution
396:Battle of al-Kafr
245:Armenian genocide
131:SuláčÄn al-ÊŸAáčrash
128:
109:
108:
2760:
2703:Al-Atrash family
2670:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2588:Sultan al-Atrash
2455:John the Baptist
2260:Rasa'il al-Hikma
2202:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2089:
2088:
1962:Eagle of Saladin
1669:Amin al-Husseini
1634:Faisal I of Iraq
1604:Sultan al-Atrash
1599:Mansur al-Atrash
1574:Abdul Salam Arif
1383:War of Attrition
1269:Arab nationalism
1262:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1177:Sultan al-Atrash
1167:Jamil Mardam Bey
1142:Hashim al-Atassi
1117:
1116:
988:
918:
911:
904:
895:
894:
888:
887:Provence, p. 153
885:
879:
878:
862:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
827:
821:
820:
818:
817:
778:
761:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
757:
747:Hasan al-Kharrat
743:
729:
715:
701:
687:
675:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
645:Hasan al-Kharrat
576:Mansur al-Atrash
268:Arab revolt flag
133:
123:
121:
112:Sultan al-Atrash
104:Mansur al-Atrash
76:Al-Qrayya, Syria
72:
50:
48:
33:
23:Sultan al-Atrash
19:
18:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2654:
2646:
2615:Jumblatt family
2570:
2564:
2555:Jordanian Druze
2528:
2512:Islam and Druze
2493:other religions
2492:
2486:
2418:
2322:
2296:
2265:
2244:
2203:
2194:
2135:
2130:
2100:
2095:
2077:
2013:Greater Morocco
1986:
1982:Pan-Arab colors
1977:Hawk of Quraish
1943:
1911:
1762:Arab Federation
1723:
1709:Abdullah Rimawi
1684:Mostéfa Merarda
1639:Muammar Gaddafi
1619:Ahmed Ben Bella
1594:Jamal al-Atassi
1584:Bashar al-Assad
1535:
1504:
1485:Black September
1363:Anglo-Iraqi War
1307:
1271:
1266:
1236:
1227:
1201:
1108:
1079:
989:
980:
976:Greater Lebanon
944:State of Aleppo
927:
922:
892:
891:
886:
882:
875:
853:
849:
840:
838:
829:
828:
824:
815:
813:
806:
782:Pedersen, Susan
779:
775:
770:
763:
758:
749:
744:
735:
730:
721:
716:
707:
702:
693:
688:
679:
615:
607:Naila Al Atrash
600:Munif al-Razzaz
572:
536:
467:
455:political union
424:
349:
343:
312:
249:Hussein bin Ali
206:
171:
165:
77:
74:
70:
61:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2745:
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2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
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2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2583:Al-Atrash clan
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2560:Druze diaspora
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Lebanese Druze
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2494:
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2469:
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2310:
2304:
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2298:
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2294:
2289:
2284:
2282:Jabal al-Druze
2279:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
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2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
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2197:
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2193:
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2187:
2182:
2177:
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2157:
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2137:
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2106:
2097:
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2079:
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2055:
2050:
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2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1991:Related topics
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1987:
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1984:
1979:
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1969:
1964:
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1945:
1944:
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1941:
1934:
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1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1857:Islamic Legion
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
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1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1747:Al-Mourabitoun
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1714:Hamdeen Sabahi
1711:
1706:
1704:Fuad al-Rikabi
1701:
1696:
1694:Adnan Pachachi
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Saddam Hussein
1661:
1656:
1654:Sati' al-Husri
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Hafez al-Assad
1586:
1581:
1579:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
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1537:
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1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Aden Emergency
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Iraqi Intifada
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1388:Yom Kippur War
1385:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:Arab socialism
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
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1225:
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1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:Ibrahim Hananu
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
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1060:
1055:
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1045:
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1035:
1025:
1020:
1019:
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1013:
1003:
997:
995:
991:
990:
983:
981:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
957:
956:
951:
946:
939:State of Syria
935:
933:
929:
928:
921:
920:
913:
906:
898:
890:
889:
880:
873:
847:
822:
804:
772:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
759:
752:
750:
745:
738:
736:
731:
724:
722:
717:
710:
708:
703:
696:
694:
691:Ibrahim Hananu
689:
682:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
635:Yusuf al-'Azma
632:
630:Ibrahim Hananu
627:
622:
616:
614:
611:
571:
568:
560:Hafez al-Assad
535:
532:
528:Hafez al-Assad
516:
515:
512:
509:
506:
466:
463:
451:Al-Shishakli's
447:Adib Shishakli
423:
420:
365:French mandate
345:Main article:
342:
339:
311:
308:
304:Jabal el Druze
266:and raise the
205:
202:
164:
161:
157:Jabal al-Druze
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:Known for
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
75:
73:(aged 91)
69:March 26, 1982
67:
63:
62:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2765:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
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2736:
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2699:
2696:
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2690:
2688:
2673:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Mowafaq Tarif
2635:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:List of Druze
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Druze cuisine
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Israeli Druze
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2522:Druze Zionism
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
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2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
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2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Hamza ibn Ali
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Reincarnation
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Ahl at-Tawhīd
2152:
2148:
2147:Al-Muwahhidƫn
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Greater Yemen
2021:
2019:
2018:Greater Syria
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
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1850:
1848:
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1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1729:Organizations
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:George Habash
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Izzat Darwaza
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Yasser Arafat
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1541:Personalities
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:Arab identity
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Arab Cold War
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1224:
1223:Henri Gouraud
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:Ayyash Al-Haj
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Khalid al-Azm
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Yusuf al-Azma
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1075:Levant Crisis
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Hananu Revolt
1021:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
992:
987:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Alawite State
964:
962:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
937:
936:
934:
930:
926:
919:
914:
912:
907:
905:
900:
899:
896:
884:
876:
874:0-292-70680-4
870:
866:
861:
860:
851:
836:
832:
826:
811:
807:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
777:
773:
762:
756:
751:
748:
742:
737:
734:
728:
723:
720:
714:
709:
706:
705:Ayyash Al-Haj
700:
695:
692:
686:
681:
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
665:Adham Khanjar
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:Henri Gouraud
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Ayyash Al-Haj
623:
621:
618:
617:
610:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
540:
531:
529:
525:
521:
513:
510:
507:
504:
500:
499:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
471:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Levant Crisis
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
377:
372:
368:
366:
362:
353:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
316:Adham Khanjar
307:
305:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
210:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
187:fierce battle
184:
180:
176:
170:
160:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
132:
126:
117:
113:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
68:
64:
60:
59:Ottoman Syria
56:
51:March 5, 1891
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2632:Majid Arslan
2587:
2540:Syrian Druze
2460:Saint George
2399:Mountain War
2349:Ma'n dynasty
2334:Wadi al-Taym
2292:Nabi Shu'ayb
2277:Druze Khalwa
2259:
2058:Pan-Islamism
1936:
1929:
1922:
1822:Ba'ath Party
1699:Ameen Rihani
1603:
1559:Jassem Alwan
1554:Michel Aflaq
1410:Algerian War
1336:Iraqi Revolt
1187:Haqqi al-Azm
1176:
1132:Saleh al-Ali
883:
858:
850:
839:. Retrieved
837:. 2021-10-11
834:
825:
814:. Retrieved
786:
776:
733:Saleh Al-Ali
670:Saleh Al-Ali
604:
592:Michel Aflaq
584:Ba'ath Party
573:
552:heart attack
549:
544:Majdal Shams
517:
502:
476:
444:
425:
381:
358:
313:
296:
253:
238:
215:
199:
172:
154:
148:against the
120:ŰłÙŰ·Ű§Ù Ű§Ùۣ۷۱ێ
111:
110:
71:(1982-03-26)
2698:1982 deaths
2693:1891 births
2313:Eid Al Adha
2270:Holy places
2165:Esotericism
2160:Divine call
1752:Arab Ba'ath
1674:Salah Jadid
1531:Arabization
1378:Six-Day War
1373:Suez Crisis
1319:Arab Revolt
1298:Pan-Arabism
1001:1919 revolt
412:Transjordan
241:Arab Revolt
226:Arab Revolt
152:in Syria.
142:nationalist
82:Nationality
2687:Categories
2600:Amin Tarif
1916:Literature
1609:Tariq Aziz
1526:Arab world
1521:Arab Union
1450:Dhofar War
841:2024-02-06
816:2023-03-19
768:References
586:until the
495:secularism
487:patriotism
465:Popularity
408:as-Suwayda
167:See also:
47:1891-03-05
2301:Holy days
2180:Theophany
1949:Symbolism
1293:Nasserism
1288:Ba'athism
994:Conflicts
574:His son,
436:Palestine
272:Hashemite
183:Al-Atrash
175:al-Qrayya
125:romanized
55:al-Qrayya
2672:Category
2571:Features
2472:Muhammad
2423:Prophets
2151:Mowahhid
2091:Category
2033:Islamism
1742:Al-Fatat
1509:Concepts
1276:Ideology
1084:Treaties
810:Archived
784:(2015).
613:See also
483:folklore
384:Damascus
320:Lebanese
264:Damascus
243:and the
212:Portrait
100:Children
2435:Abraham
2327:History
2190:Walayah
2140:Beliefs
1737:Al-Awda
1312:History
582:of the
556:funeral
491:courage
479:statues
404:Msfirah
361:Lebanon
327:Gouraud
284:General
234:Salkhad
218:Balkans
191:Al-Kefr
179:Suwayda
127::
2450:Elijah
2235:Shuaib
2175:Taqiya
1206:French
1120:Syrian
1113:People
1105:(1936)
1099:(1920)
1093:(1916)
932:States
871:
802:
570:Family
554:. His
335:Jordan
331:convoy
323:Shiite
276:Faisal
136:Syrian
116:Arabic
86:Syrian
2569:Other
2467:Moses
2445:Khidr
2440:Jesus
2249:Texts
2133:Druze
1837:Fatah
660:Syria
534:Death
459:Egypt
376:Rasas
288:Pasha
274:Emir
260:Bosra
256:Aqaba
230:Hijaz
139:Druze
2477:Noah
2430:Adam
869:ISBN
800:ISBN
493:and
406:and
392:Hama
390:and
388:Homs
318:, a
292:Iraq
280:Emir
66:Died
41:Born
792:doi
457:of
434:of
228:in
2689::
867:.
833:.
808:.
798:.
598:,
594:,
566:.
497::
489:,
442:.
386:,
251:.
122:,
118::
57:,
2262:)
2258:(
2153:-
2149:/
2125:e
2118:t
2111:v
1261:e
1254:t
1247:v
917:e
910:t
903:v
877:.
865:3
844:.
819:.
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546:.
114:(
49:)
45:(
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