Summerhill School - Knowledge

1051:, and most fines are given with consideration to the factors involved, such as severity of the offence, intent behind the action, consequences to others, remorse and/or behaviour displayed during the meeting, and whether it was a repeat offence. Fines can include a "strong warning" administered by the chair, a monetary fine, loss of privileges (for instance, not being allowed out of school, or being the last to be served lunch), or a "work fine" (e.g., picking up litter for a set time or similar job of benefit to the community). In the case of theft, it is usually considered sufficient for the thief to return what was stolen. Although there are some rare cases where the property stolen is no longer in the possession of the thief; in these cases, the thief is given a more severe fine and is questioned as to where the property has been sent. 854:

than pupils of traditional schools. Inspector accounts assert that this was inaccurate, and that interested pupils were disadvantaged by their dearth of preparation. However, Michael Newman has argued that the inspectors assumed that lesson attendance was necessary evidence of children learning, and that lack of attendance was equated with a lack of learning. Newman says the inspectors refused to accept as evidence the students' exam results, verbal evidence from teachers, current and previous children, and the success of children after leaving Summerhill.

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that the voice of the child (through community meetings and in other ways) be included in the inspection, and that the inspectors be accompanied by two advisers from the school and one from the DfE to ensure that the inspection respected the school's aims and values. The school was the first in England to grant children a legal right to formally express their opinions and to meet with the inspectors. The DfE advisers have included Prof. Paul Hirst and Prof. Geoff Whitty, Director of the Institute of Education and now on Ofsted's governing body.

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thus there were no distinctive Summerhillian classroom methods. Neill also felt that charismatic teachers taught with persuasion that weakened child autonomy. Today the school peer-reviews its teachers, and has policies and systems in place to ensure the quality of teaching. Since Zoë Readhead took over as Principal, the school has developed an ethos of keeping its staff, through an increase in wages and conditions of work. And there is an ongoing review and development of methods of teaching, assessment and record-keeping.

3092: 825:(e.g., fear of classrooms, shyness to learn in front of others, lack of confidence), and propose and vote on interventions, if needed, during staff meetings. This is called the "Special Attention List". The staff meet at least twice a week to discuss issues; those relevant to the community will be brought to a community meeting. Children can attend these meetings when they ask, but are asked to leave when individual students are discussed, to maintain the privacy of the student. 31: 202: 3558: 1326: 1289:. The show was set in Summerhill and presented a highly fictionalised version of the 2000 court case and the events leading up to it. Much of the production was recorded on location at Summerhill and used pupils as extras. The production presented an unabashedly positive view of the school as the Director, Jon East, wanted to challenge the present paradigm of what a school is, as presented in popular culture. It received two 133: 3546: 1312: 862:

This is being shared with the rest of the staff. The school has always had a creative drama delivery, based on spontaneous acting and development of plays through collaboration between actors, directors and writers. With small-group teaching and negotiated timetables, the curriculum is presented in multi-sensory, individual-focused lessons, with flexibility to respond to the student's needs.

3570: 924:. When there proved to be insufficient demand for a separate sanatorium, it was given over to accommodation for the youngest children and their houseparent. At one time, San children were housed in the main school building, and the San building was used as the library. They have since moved back, and the rooms they previously occupied now house the Cottage children. 1065:, made the school into an example for a wide public, and led to an American movement with copycat schools. A. S. Neill's biographer Richard Bailey linked this increased interest to the wider society's interest in social change (progressivism and the counterculture, respectively), though he added that Neill was not influenced by this reception. 909:, treating minor injuries and ailments, taking them to the doctor's surgery or hospital for more serious complaints and general emotional support. Depending on the age group, they might also tell them bedtime stories, keep their valuables secure, escort them into town to spend their pocket money, or speak on their behalf in the meetings. 1018:

to resolve a conflict. The ombudsmen are an elected committee of older members of the community, whose job it is to intervene in disputes. One party will go and find an ombudsman and ask for an "Ombudsman Case". Often, all the ombudsman has to do is warn someone to stop causing a nuisance. Sometimes,

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Neill believed that children who were educated in this way were better prepared than traditionally educated children for most of life's challenges—including higher education. He wrote that Summerhill students who decided to prepare for university entrance exams were able to finish the material faster

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for pupils from poorer families and to promote democratic education around the world. It publishes an electronic newsletter and organises fund-raising events. An elected committee of schoolchildren, called the "External Affairs Committee", have—over the years since the court case and with the support

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The first full inspection report since the disputed 1999 report was published in 2007. The 2007 inspection, conducted within the framework set out by the court settlement, was generally positive, even in areas previously criticised by the 1999 report. The school maintained that it had not changed its

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Bailey also did find, however, that the media were unreasonably critical in their coverage of the school. For instance, they tended to emphasize casual teacher–pupil relations and lack of compulsory classes, instead of the weekly meeting. They also represented Summerhill's pupils as unrestricted and

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A "tribunal case" consists of one person "bringing up" another, or a group of people. The person bringing the case states the problem, the chairperson asks those accused if they did it, and if they have anything to say, then calls for any witnesses. If the accused admits to the offence, or there are

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Children of Shack age and above are expected to take a more active role in running the school, standing for committees, chairing the meetings, acting as ombudsmen to resolve disputes and speaking in the school meetings. Of course, younger children can take on some of these roles if they so wish, and

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The staff now share with each other their methods, especially in relation to numeracy and literacy learning. The music department have developed over several years, including action research, methods of supporting spontaneous music performance, creativity and development of expression through music.

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and within the classrooms. Meetings are also an opportunity for the community to vote on a course of action for unresolved conflicts, such as a fine for a theft (usually the fine consists of having to pay back the amount stolen). If there is an urgent reason to have a meeting, children and staff can

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The laws of the school generally protect San children, both by disallowing them from engaging in certain dangerous activities and preventing older children from bullying, swindling or otherwise abusing their juniors. San children have the right to bring up their cases at the beginning of the school

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Classes are voluntary at Summerhill. Although most students attend, depending on their age and reasons, children choose whether to go of their own accord and without adult compulsion. The staff discuss new children and those who they feel may have issues that interfere with their freedom to choose

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lesson taught by Neill, and describes Neill's teaching technique as "simply awful", for his lack of pupil engagement, inarticulate explanations, and insults directed at pupils. Bailey criticised Neill's avoidance of responsibility for his pupils' academic performance, and his view that charismatic

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If there is no clear evidence as to who is guilty (for instance, in the case of an unobserved theft), the "investigation committee" is often called upon. The investigation committee has the power to search people's rooms or lockers, and to question people. They will bring the case back to the next

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Children at Summerhill are placed in one of five groups which correspond to the buildings in which they are accommodated. Placement is generally decided at the beginning of term by the Principal, in theory according to age. In practice, a younger child may take priority if they have been waiting a

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The Summerhill classroom was popularly assumed to reflect Neill's anti-authoritarian beliefs, but in fact classes were traditional in practice. Neill did not show outward interest in classroom pedagogy, and was mainly interested in pupil happiness. He did not consider lesson quality important, and

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Summerhill is noted for its philosophy that children learn best with freedom from coercion, a philosophy that was promoted by the New Ideals in Education Conferences (1914–37) that helped to define the good modern primary school as child-centred. At Summerhill, all lessons are optional, and pupils

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The nature of the settlement was notably broader than could have been decided on the judge's authority alone. The educational tribunal only had the power to annul the notice of complaint, whereas the settlement made provisions that Summerhill be inspected with respect to its philosophy and values,

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Richard Bailey argued that the students' free choice of what to learn may leave them unexposed to subject matter which they do not know to exist, and also may narrow their exposure to subjects fashionable in a given time period. The school has said it now has mechanisms in place to alleviate such

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In February 2013, the DfE unilaterally rescinded the court agreement by claiming that Ofsted now understood the school and the court mandated inspection process was no longer needed to ensure a fair inspection. The school sent evidence and questions to the Select Committee on Education for their

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Although Neill was more concerned with the social development of children than their academic development, Summerhill nevertheless has some important differences in its approach to teaching. There is no concept of a "year" or "form" at Summerhill. Instead, children are placed according to their

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Summerhill has had a tumultuous relationship with the British government. Already in the 1950s, a government inspection found the school's finances were shaky, the number of students too high, and the quality of teaching poor among the junior faculty. In spite of these criticisms, however, the

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In addition to taking control of their own time, pupils can participate in the self-governing community of the school. School meetings are held twice a week, where pupils and staff alike have an equal voice in the decisions that affect their day-to-day lives, discussing issues and creating or

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was appointed as a part-time art teacher in the early thirties. At this time, the Communist mathematician and computer pioneer Richard Goodman was also a teacher at the school. Cyril Eyre was also a member of staff. Although Neill himself was sympathetic towards the goal of communism, he was

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body. Members of the community are free to do as they please, so long as their actions do not cause any harm to others, according to Neill's principle "Freedom, not Licence." This extends to the freedom for pupils to choose which lessons, if any, they attend. It is an example of both

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In special cases, the meeting sometimes assigns an individual their own "special ombudsman", an ombudsman who only takes cases from one person. This usually happens if a particular child is being consistently bullied, or has problems with the language (in which case someone who is

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The tribunal is the school meeting which concerns itself with people who break the school rules. Sometimes there is a separate meeting for the tribunal, and sometimes the legislative and judicial meetings are combined. This is itself a matter which can be decided by the meeting.

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are free to choose what to do with their time. Neill founded Summerhill with the belief that "the function of a child is to live his own life—not the life that his anxious parents think he should live, not a life according to the purpose of an educator who thinks he knows best."

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In creating its laws and dealing out sanctions, the school meeting generally applies A. S. Neill's maxim "Freedom not Licence" (he wrote a book of the same name), the principle that you can do as you please so long as it doesn't cause harm to others. For example, pupils may

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The Carriage children each have individual rooms. They are expected to do their own laundry and generally look after themselves. This is not to say that they have no houseparent, just that as part of their increased freedom they must take on additional responsibility.

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series of novels, written in the 1940s and 50s, were her first series about school-aged children, and they were set in a school based on Summerhill, with democratic community meetings allowing the children to make decisions about the school and "punishments" etc.

758:. They have lobbied four chief inspectors of schools through the Select Committee on Education on the importance of children's rights in schools and school inspections. They have addressed the UNESCO Conference of Education Ministers, lobbied and protested at the 722:. Four days into the hearing, the government's case collapsed and a settlement was agreed. The pupils attending the hearing on that day took over the courtroom and held a school meeting to debate whether to accept the settlement. They voted unanimously to do so. 841:

There are also two classrooms which operate on a "drop-in" basis for all or part of the day, the workshop and the art room. Anyone can come to these classrooms and, with supervision, make just about anything. Children commonly play with wooden toys (usually

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You must know that Summerhill couldn't possibly exist under communism as it shapes today ... see our kids salute any flag or portrait? ... I want communism, i.e. a non-profit society, PLUS what Summerhill stands for ... independence of the

670:": "A free school is not a place where you can run roughshod over other people. It's a place that minimises the authoritarian elements and maximises the development of community and really caring about the other people. Doing this is a tricky business." 1979:

Newman, Michael, When evidence is not enough: freedom to choose versus proscribed choice: the case of Summerhill School, Chapter 5, Education Studies: Issues & Critical Perspectives, edited by Derek Kassem, Emmanuel Mufti & John Robinson, 2006,

708:, issued the school a notice of complaint, based on the school's policy of non-compulsory lessons. Failure to comply with such a notice within six months usually leads to closure; however, Summerhill chose to contest the notice in court. 539:

was launched. Neill's sector was called the "foreign" school (in contrast to the Thiess's "German School"). Jonathan Croall wrote, "This, in essence, was the beginning of Summerhill" although the name Summerhill itself came later.

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Although Neill was not a trained psychotherapist, he held amateur psychoanalytic sessions with some of his children. These sessions were designed to "unblock" the "energies" of the children. For this purpose Neill also gave

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The Shack buildings (there are two, the Boys' Shack and the Girls' Shack) are small outbuildings, so called because of the somewhat ramshackle nature of their original construction. The buildings have since been renovated.

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meeting with the Chief Inspector of Schools, Sir Michael Wilshaw, on 13 February 2013. The evidence quoted a member of the Select Committee expressing shock at the lack of processes for Ofsted to learn by its mistakes.

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S. Neill started to search for premises in which to found a new school which he could run according to his educational principle of giving freedom to the children and staff through democratic governance. On a trip to

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Cottage children were originally housed in Neill's old cottage, at the edge of the school grounds. For some time, the San wholly replaced the Cottage, but Cottage children are now housed in the main school building.

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The carriage buildings are similar to those of the Shack, only larger. However, they were originally converted rail carriages. Since the last renovation, the Boys' Carriage building incorporates a bathroom, shower,

677:, in New York, disclaiming any affiliation with any American school that calls itself a Summerhill school. I've heard so many rumours about them. It's one thing to use freedom. Quite another to use licence." 1093:

between students and teachers were also common ... Neill's 35-year-old stepson Myles, who taught pottery ... went out with some of the more senior pupils (because) he has a special dispensation."

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if the dispute is more complex, the ombudsman must mediate. If the conflict cannot be resolved there and then, or the ombudsman's warnings are ignored, the case can be brought before the school meeting.

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Once it has been established that a person has broken the rules, the meeting must propose and then vote to decide a fine. There is no such thing as a "standard fine", no equivalent to a judge's

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Mikey Cuddihy, a graduate of Summerhill, wrote that in the 1960s: "It was common for students to get married in mock weddings, and they were allowed to sleep together ... More worryingly,

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Newman, Michael, Children’s Rights in our Schools – the movement to liberate the child, an introduction to the New Ideals in Education Conferences 1914-1937, July 2015, www.academia.edu

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of the Trust—promoted Summerhill as a case study to state schoolchildren, teachers and educationalists at conferences, schools and events. They have run full democratic meetings at the

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The full inspection on 5 October 2011 concluded that the school is outstanding in all areas except teaching, which was seen as good, and not outstanding due to issues of assessment.

473:; the running of the school is conducted in the school meetings, which anyone, staff or pupil, may attend, and at which everyone has an equal vote. These meetings serve as both a 1584:

conversation between A. S. Neill and Mario Montessori, Redbook Magazine, Dec 1964, reprinted as "Radical Private Schools" in This Magazine is About Schools 1(1), Apr 1966, pp5-19

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interest or level of understanding in a given subject. It is not uncommon for a single class to have pupils of widely varying ages, or for pupils as young as 13 or 14 to take

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meeting if they are able to obtain any new evidence. In a community as small as Summerhill, few events go totally unnoticed and matters are usually resolved quickly.

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The A. S. Neill Summerhill Trust was launched in 2004 by Prof. Tim Brighouse, Tom Conti, Bill Nighy, Mark Stephens and Geoffrey Robertson QC to raise funds for

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examinations. This structure reflects a belief that children should progress at their own pace, rather than having to meet a set standard by a certain age.

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Summerhill received most of its public attention in two waves: the 1920s/30s and 1960s/70s. In particular, the 1960 American edition of Neill's writings,

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Neill distanced himself from some schools for confusing freedom and licence: "Look at those American Summerhill schools. I sent a letter to the

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long time for a place, if they have many friends in the upper group, or if they show a maturity characteristic of a member of the upper group.

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theories, e.g., promoting adolescent sexual activity, and claiming that a negative attitude towards masturbation causes juvenile delinquency.

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Neill wrote that "Promiscuity is neurotic; it is a constant change of partner in the hope of finding the right partner at last. If the term

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in England. The house in Lyme Regis was called Summerhill, and this became the name of the school. In 1927, it moved to its present site in

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few of them are compulsory, even for the older children. The only compulsory role is to be added to a rotation to supervise work fines.

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Although the school's founding could arguably be dated to other years, the school itself marks 1921 as the year of its establishment.

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Selleck, R. J. W. (1972) English Primary Education and the Progressives, 1954-1939 p156 Routledge & Kegan Paul London and Boston

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The case went before a special educational tribunal in March 2000, at which the school was represented by noted human rights lawyers

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Many schools opened based on Summerhill, especially in America in the 1960s. A common challenge was to implement Neill's dictum of "

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The San building is an outbuilding, near the primary classrooms; its name derives from the fact that it was originally built as a

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A selection of autobiographical accounts taken from interviews with one student from every decade of Summerhill's existence.

2499:— A compilation of old & new writings from Mark Vaughan, Tim Brighouse, A. S. Neill, Zoë Neill Readhead and Ian Stronach 789:

changing school laws. The rules agreed at these meetings are wide-ranging—from agreeing to acceptable bed times to allowing

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and the contemporary Communist Party. He wrote to David Barton, a former pupil at the time in the communist party, saying:

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Blyton, Gillian, Introduction to 'The Naughtiest Girl in the School', Blyton, Enid, Hodder Children's Books, 2007,

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with the belief that the school should be made to fit the child, rather than the other way around. It is run as a

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reliable witness statements, the chair will call for proposals. Otherwise, the floor is opened to discussion.

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First International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 4–7 May 2005

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fashion. It is now run by Neill's daughter, Zoë Readhead, assisted by her sons Will and Henry Readhead.

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Certain school rules pertain specifically to certain age groups. For instance, no one else may ride a

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Neill, A. S. "Summerhill: a radical approach to child rearing", New York: Hart Publishing, 1960

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During the 1990s, the school was inspected nine times. It later emerged that this was because

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featured an interview with the school's headmaster, Donaldus Matthews, played by David Cann.

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meeting, or have another student or a teacher bring the issue or issues up on their behalf.

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House children are accommodated in the main school building, called simply "the House".

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The school had a local impact as several teachers were involved in the formation of the

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San children can sleep in mixed-sex rooms, while older children have single-sex rooms.

715: 712: 504: 1300:, by local independent filmmaker Peter Chadwick, documented daily life at the school. 3473: 3437: 3390: 3335: 3209: 3179: 3035: 2958: 2870: 2778: 2608: 2589: 2570: 2550: 2530: 2510: 2504: 2488: 2177: 2157: 2054: 2048: 1960: 1907: 1798: 1556: 1435: 1272: 1151: 1061: 1027:, in English and the language of the child in question, is chosen as the ombudsman.) 674: 652: 644: 470: 779: 3620: 3550: 3503: 3003: 2988: 2948: 2708:

Article by member of staff discussing the significance and events of the court case

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within the school grounds, but calling someone else an offensive name is licence.

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After Summerhill. What happened to the pupils of Britain's most radical school?

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Evidence to Education Committee submitted by Michael Newman | 13 February 2013|

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An examination of the court case and what it means about our education system.

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ask the chairperson to hold a special meeting and this is written on the main

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House of Commons Education and Skills Committee report on the role of Ofsted

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So, kids, anyone for double physics? (But no worries if you don't fancy it)

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had placed Summerhill on a secret list of 61 independent schools marked as

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has a sinister meaning, it is because it describes sex that is neurotic."

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Channel 4 short documentary on "pairing up" ceremony, 6 October 2011

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in its second episode, "Drugs". The fictional documentary entitled

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instruction was a form of persuasion that weakened child autonomy.

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Summerhill School operates upon the major principles of democracy,

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A Conversation About Happiness, review – a childhood at Summerhill

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before a meal time so that the whole school knows and can attend.

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In March 1999, following a major inspection from Ofsted, the then

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Summerhill School Special Education Needs Policy Document, 2014,

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There are two main methods of resolving conflicts at Summerhill.

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Libres regards sur Summerhill. L'oeuvre pédagogique de A-S Neill

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Independent day and boarding school in Leiston, Suffolk, England

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http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/downloads/SEN%20Policy.pdf

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http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/downloads/SEN%20Policy.pdf

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http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/downloads/SEN%20Policy.pdf

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Summerhill School Staff Meeting Minutes, 2015, unpublished.

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Campaign site to rescind the Summerhill 1999 Ofsted Report

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http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/teaching-summerhill.php

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http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/teaching-summerhill.php

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http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/teaching-summerhill.php

1812: 1810: 1681: 847: 1754:. Ofsted. 27 October 2011. pp. 4–9. Archived from 1117:, Neill gave accounts of such psychoanalytic sessions. 773: 2418:"Summerhill documentary celebrates school's centenary" 1807: 990:

block (other bathrooms in the main building have only

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Bedrooms generally accommodate four or five children.

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Summerhill School website on teaching at the school,

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inspectors apparently found the school praiseworthy.

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For the school of the same name in Kingswinford, see

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Griffiths, Sian; Chittenden, Maurice (4 June 2006).

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to the children, a technique advocated by Reich. In

865: 535:, a joint venture named the International School or 2357:"Summerhill: The school where lessons are optional" 2263: 55:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2323: 1575:Mel Snyder, quoted in Richard Bull, Summerhill USA 628:After Neill died in 1973, it was run by his wife, 2046: 762:Special Conference on the Rights of the Child in 3582: 2502: 2092:Summerhilll School webpage describing teaching, 2544: 1427: 740: 702:Secretary of State for Education and Employment 567:, England. It had to move again temporarily to 543:Neill was soon dissatisfied with Neue Schule's 519:, a village founded on principles based on the 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1431:Neill of Summerhill : The Permanent Rebel 661: 547:, and moved his sector of the organisation to 3075: 2729: 2583: 2204:British Universities Film & Video Council 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1846:. Self Managed Learning. 2000. Archived from 1360:International Democratic Education Conference 1134:Category:People educated at Summerhill School 3591:Educational institutions established in 1921 2482: 2451: 2083:, Summerhill School. Retrieved 24 June 2010. 1666: 1664: 1293:, including one for script, by Alison Hume. 1174: 527:. By combining with two other projects, the 2743: 1014:In the first instance, one should go to an 986:and the Girls' Carriages a common room and 3082: 3068: 2736: 2722: 2688:Describes the school's struggle to survive 2147:, 28 March 2014. Accessed 20 December 2017 1862: 1688: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1054: 2506:Summerhill School: A Free Range Childhood 2050:Summerhill School: A Free Range Childhood 1661: 1243:alongside, among others, the 13-year-old 680: 177:Learn how and when to remove this message 115:Learn how and when to remove this message 2547:Neill of Summerhill: The Permanent Rebel 2524: 2111:Summerhill School SEN Policy Statement, 1954: 1719: 1423: 1421: 1355:European Democratic Education Conference 1127: 730:approach since the original inspection. 2393:. London. 18 March 2009. Archived from 2354: 2008:Summerhill School Webpage on Teaching, 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1542: 1455: 1392: 1350:European Democratic Education Community 1208:The school was the subject of the 1987 3583: 2640:Website about Summerhill (CBBC series) 2415: 1899: 1148:, artist and professor of architecture 1001: 511:, he found the ideal accommodation in 461:, England. It was founded in 1921 by 3063: 2717: 2703:BBC: Summerhill closure threat lifted 2635:Summerhill: Education for Democracies 2266:"Liberal Summerhill tries discipline" 1824:from the original on 9 September 2009 1732:from the original on 14 December 2013 1649:from the original on 26 February 2010 1418: 1402:. Dresdner Stadtteile. Archived from 1296:A 2022 documentary about the school, 3616:People educated at Summerhill School 3009:Upattinas School and Resource Center 2210:from the original on 15 January 2020 2027:Summerhill School SEN Policy Pt 4., 1720:Shepherd, Jessica (1 October 2007). 1587: 1548: 1205:and discussing it with her friends. 1101:(1960), Neill shows an influence of 1081:anarchic, to an unrealistic degree. 774:Philosophy and educational structure 579:so that the site could be used as a 407:San, Cottage, House, Shack, Carriage 126: 53:adding citations to reliable sources 24: 2799:Lehman Alternative Community School 2676:Report of an independent inspection 2367:from the original on 9 January 2014 2074:The School Meeting—interactive page 1526:. Summerhill School. Archived from 1142:, children's author and illustrator 901:Each of the boarding houses has a " 13: 3125:Bury St Edmunds County High School 2565:J F Saffange / Peter Lang (1985). 2445: 2355:Rampton, James (19 January 2008). 2200:"Being Happy is What Matters Most" 1672:"Summerhill closure threat lifted" 14: 3632: 2618: 2430:from the original on 16 June 2023 2416:Geater, Paul (24 November 2021). 1486: 866:Boarding houses and pastoral care 3568: 3556: 3544: 3331:Felixstowe International College 3090: 2545:Jonathan Croall (January 1983). 2483:Mark Vaughan, ed. (March 2006). 2336:from the original on 25 May 2022 1617:from the original on 31 May 2008 1504:from the original on 7 July 2007 1324: 1310: 1214:Being Happy is What Matters Most 1084: 1072:Bailey reviews an account of an 604:Socialist Party of Great Britain 596:Communist Party of Great Britain 200: 131: 29: 2409: 2379: 2348: 2316: 2290: 2257: 2222: 2192: 2166: 2150: 2124: 2105: 2086: 2067: 2040: 2021: 2002: 1983: 1973: 1948: 1939: 1920: 1836: 1791: 1782: 1773: 1744: 1713: 1696:"Summerhill Inspector's report" 1629: 1613:. Parliament. 22 January 2002. 1603: 1030: 896: 444:independent (i.e. fee-charging) 40:needs additional citations for 18:Summerhill School, Kingswinford 3611:1921 establishments in England 2605:A Conversation About Happiness 2525:Ackerman, Nathan Ward (1973). 1578: 1569: 1516: 1229:In 1991, Zoe Readhead made an 886:children are allowed to build 373:Approx. 10 teaching, 5 support 1: 3275:Stour Valley Community School 2944:Auckland Metropolitan College 1498:country-standard.blogspot.com 1386: 602:, one of the founders of the 3489:Hillcroft Preparatory School 3443:Lowestoft Sixth Form College 3426:Sixth form & FE colleges 2698:Ofsted care report from 2007 2607:, Atlantic Books, May 2015, 2588:. Herbert Adler Publishing. 1470:. Summerhill. Archived from 1009: 973: 828: 741:A. S. Neill Summerhill Trust 7: 3596:Boarding schools in Suffolk 2897:Democratic School of Hadera 2876:Brisbane Independent School 2527:Summerhill: For And Against 2452:Ian Stronach (April 2005). 2332:. London. 28 January 2008. 1955:Truswell, Humphrey (1975). 1303: 662:Schools based on Summerhill 157:the claims made and adding 10: 3637: 3601:Private schools in Suffolk 3433:Easton & Otley College 3417:Centre Academy East Anglia 3305:Thurston Community College 3295:Thomas Gainsborough School 3265:Sir John Leman High School 3225:Ormiston Endeavour Academy 3205:Mildenhall College Academy 2819:The Sphere College Project 2623: 2485:Summerhill and A. S. Neill 2206:. London. 9 January 2018. 2047:Appleton, Matthew (2000). 1131: 934: 878:child's bicycle, and only 777: 594:, a leading figure in the 493: 463:Alexander Sutherland Neill 318:Alexander Sutherland Neill 15: 3466: 3425: 3399: 3356:Old Buckenham Hall School 3318: 3240:St Alban's RC High School 3155:East Bergholt High School 3102: 3017: 2999:Scotland Road Free School 2936: 2905: 2889: 2864:Australia and New Zealand 2863: 2855:Shimer Great Books School 2837: 2751: 2669: 2630:Summerhill School website 2503:Matthew Appleton (2000). 2245:. London. 19 January 2015 2239:"The Drumlake Experiment" 1701:. Ofsted. 7 November 2007 1549:Bull, Richard E. (1970). 1468:"Summerhill – Early days" 1264:, broadcast on 30 March. 1175:In fiction and television 780:Philosophy of A. S. Neill 615:increasingly critical of 419: 411: 403: 395: 387: 377: 369: 361: 349: 333: 323: 313: 305: 288: 283: 244: 217: 213: 208: 199: 194: 3524:Woolverstone Hall School 3514:Shi-Tennoji School in UK 3300:Thomas Mills High School 3230:Ormiston Sudbury Academy 3115:Benjamin Britten Academy 2809:Philadelphia Free School 2764:ALPHA Alternative School 2752:United States and Canada 2651:A.S.Neill Summerhill CIC 2423:East Anglian Daily Times 2391:The Writer's Guild of GB 2274:. London. Archived from 2137:18 February 2017 at the 1900:Bailey, Richard (2013). 1428:Jonathan Croall (1983). 957: 946: 415:The Orange Peel Magazine 335:Department for Education 3606:Democratic free schools 3245:St Benedict's RC School 2964:Free School of Evanston 2814:SEED Alternative School 2745:Democratic free schools 1340:Anarchistic free school 1224:The Drumlake Experiment 1055:Notoriety and criticism 675:Greenwich Village Voice 588:Leiston Communist Party 3519:Sudbury Grammar School 3290:Stradbroke High School 3285:Stowupland High School 3280:Stowmarket High School 3220:Ormiston Denes Academy 3165:Farlingaye High School 2969:Houston Sudbury School 2954:Dartington Hall School 2584:Hussein Lucas (2011). 2118:6 January 2020 at the 2034:6 January 2020 at the 1933:6 January 2020 at the 1906:. London: Bloomsbury. 1400:"Hellerau (in German)" 1371:Reggio Emilia approach 1260:created an episode on 912: 681:Government inspections 626: 268:52.211222°N 1.572639°E 3366:Royal Hospital School 3260:SET Saxmundham School 3235:Pakefield High School 3215:Northgate High School 3200:King Edward VI School 3145:Copleston High School 2824:Sudbury Valley School 2784:The Clearwater School 2130:Turner, Christopher. 1820:. Summerhill School. 1637:"Summerhill on trial" 1237:discussion programme 1128:Notable former pupils 1049:sentencing guidelines 621: 488:alternative education 3494:Kesgrave Hall School 3458:West Suffolk College 3195:Kesgrave High School 3175:Hadleigh High School 3150:Debenham High School 3130:Castle Manor Academy 3049:Korczak's orphanages 3044:Free school movement 2984:Malting House School 2850:Deep Springs College 2774:Brooklyn Free School 2769:Arthur Morgan School 2655:Shepherd, Jessica. " 2470:on 30 September 2006 2387:"Writing Summerhill" 2079:24 July 2010 at the 1530:on 13 September 2009 1500:. Country Standard. 1474:on 13 September 2009 1366:Democratic education 1298:How Summerhill Works 1254:'s documentary show 962:Ages 13–14 (approx) 951:Ages 12–13 (approx) 752:Houses of Parliament 668:freedom, not licence 537:Neue Schule Hellerau 529:Neue Deutsche Schule 521:Garden City movement 484:democratic education 469:and is considered a 467:democratic community 49:improve this article 3499:Moreton Hall School 3448:Suffolk New College 3376:St Joseph's College 3346:Ipswich High School 3341:Framlingham College 3250:Samuel Ward Academy 3140:Claydon High School 3110:Alde Valley Academy 2928:Neue Schule Hamburg 2829:Village Free School 2804:Mission Hill School 2794:The Highland School 2099:7 July 2019 at the 2015:7 July 2019 at the 1996:7 July 2019 at the 1406:on 30 December 2019 1381:Deschooling Society 1231:extended appearance 1185:The Naughtiest Girl 1002:Conflict resolution 939:Ages 9–10 (approx) 273:52.211222; 1.572639 264: / 64:"Summerhill School" 3484:Felixstowe College 3479:Alexanders College 3371:Saint Felix School 3361:Orwell Park School 3310:Westbourne Academy 3255:SET Beccles School 3170:Felixstowe Academy 3160:East Point Academy 3120:Bungay High School 3096:Schools in Suffolk 2994:Rowen House School 2974:Kilquhanity School 2759:Albany Free School 2397:on 23 October 2013 2180:on 30 January 2010 1959:. Hawthorn Books. 1957:Made in Summerhill 1494:"Country Standard" 978:Ages 15+ (approx) 917:Ages 6–8 (approx) 756:London's City Hall 713:Geoffrey Robertson 592:T. A. Jackson 142:possibly contains 3532: 3531: 3474:Amberfield School 3438:Lowestoft College 3412:The Bridge School 3391:Woodbridge School 3386:Summerhill School 3336:Finborough School 3270:Stoke High School 3210:Newmarket Academy 3180:Hartismere School 3057: 3056: 2959:The Family School 2923:Summerhill School 2871:Currambena School 2779:The Circle School 2665:, 1 December 2007 2595:978-1-84289-052-3 1913:978-1-4411-0042-9 1850:on 4 January 2008 1645:. 20 March 2000. 1555:. Penguin Books. 1170:, record producer 1152:Rebecca De Mornay 697:(to be watched). 608:A. L. Morton 471:Democratic School 440:Summerhill School 437: 436: 427:.summerhillschool 195:Summerhill School 187: 186: 179: 144:original research 125: 124: 117: 99: 3628: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3549: 3548: 3540: 3504:Palgrave Academy 3185:Holbrook Academy 3094: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3004:The Small School 2989:Rochdale College 2949:The Beach School 2789:Fairhaven School 2738: 2731: 2724: 2715: 2714: 2645:Summerhill at 70 2599: 2580: 2560: 2540: 2520: 2498: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2469: 2463:. Archived from 2458: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2327: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2300:. Archived from 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2176:. 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London. 1705:28 January 1653:28 January 1621:28 January 1534:28 January 1478:28 January 1447:11 January 1410:11 January 1387:References 1362:– I.D.E.C. 1345:ERA School 1286:Summerhill 1281:miniseries 1240:After Dark 1203:Summerhill 1132:See also: 1115:Summerhill 1099:Summerhill 1069:concerns. 1062:Summerhill 922:sanatorium 888:camp fires 800:whiteboard 778:See also: 768:Article 12 653:democratic 641:day school 569:Ffestiniog 557:Lyme Regis 256:52°12′40″N 151:improve it 75:newspapers 3551:Education 3103:Secondary 2271:The Times 2249:9 January 2243:Channel 4 2214:9 January 1524:"History" 1252:Channel 4 1250:In 1992, 1235:Channel 4 1219:Brass Eye 1195:'s novel 1193:Ira Levin 1154:, actress 1122:free love 1025:bilingual 1016:ombudsman 1010:Ombudsmen 974:Carriages 829:Academics 747:bursaries 649:secondary 617:Stalinism 399:78 pupils 396:Enrolment 362:Principal 259:1°34′22″E 155:verifying 2838:Colleges 2428:Archived 2365:Archived 2334:Archived 2232:and the 2208:Archived 2135:Archived 2116:Archived 2097:Archived 2077:Archived 2032:Archived 2013:Archived 1994:Archived 1931:Archived 1822:Archived 1730:Archived 1677:BBC News 1647:Archived 1642:BBC News 1615:Archived 1502:Archived 1304:See also 1279:aired a 1277:BBC Four 1267:In 2008 1164:designer 884:Carriage 815:equality 764:New York 643:serving 637:boarding 513:Hellerau 479:judicial 235:IP16 4HY 3621:Leiston 3575:Schools 3563:England 3537:Portals 3467:Defunct 3400:Special 3018:Related 2624:General 2434:16 June 1283:called 1233:on the 1160:, rock 1074:algebra 935:Cottage 907:laundry 819:freedom 645:primary 565:Suffolk 561:Leiston 553:Austria 525:England 517:Dresden 509:New Era 494:History 459:Suffolk 455:Leiston 420:Website 356:Reports 328:Suffolk 314:Founder 239:England 230:Suffolk 224:Leiston 209:Address 149:Please 89:scholar 2937:Closed 2906:Europe 2890:Israel 2670:OFSTED 2611: 2592: 2573: 2553: 2533: 2513: 2491: 2340:24 May 2160: 2057: 1963: 1910: 1801: 1736:27 May 1559: 1438: 1291:BAFTAs 988:shower 844:swords 791:nudity 691:Ofsted 505:Europe 500: 442:is an 404:Houses 378:Gender 351:Ofsted 344:Tables 341:124870 91: 84: 77: 70: 62: 2468:(PDF) 2457:(PDF) 1759:(PDF) 1699:(PDF) 992:baths 958:Shack 947:House 880:Shack 808:swear 573:Wales 545:ethos 515:near 370:Staff 96:JSTOR 82:books 2609:ISBN 2590:ISBN 2571:ISBN 2551:ISBN 2531:ISBN 2511:ISBN 2489:ISBN 2476:2008 2436:2023 2403:2013 2373:2013 2342:2010 2310:2008 2284:2008 2251:2018 2216:2018 2186:2010 2158:ISBN 2055:ISBN 1980:OUP. 1961:ISBN 1908:ISBN 1856:2008 1830:2008 1799:ISBN 1767:2011 1738:2008 1707:2008 1655:2008 1623:2008 1557:ISBN 1536:2008 1510:2020 1480:2008 1449:2016 1436:ISBN 1412:2016 1275:and 1273:CBBC 1269:BBC1 882:and 848:guns 836:GCSE 817:and 795:pool 754:and 718:and 647:and 639:and 486:and 477:and 449:and 309:1921 298:and 289:Type 68:news 3453:One 2659:". 1682:BBC 1210:ITV 1182:'s 913:San 876:San 846:or 695:TBW 551:in 523:in 453:in 447:day 431:.uk 429:.co 425:www 388:Age 337:URN 296:day 153:by 51:by 3587:: 2569:. 2549:. 2529:. 2509:. 2487:. 2459:. 2426:. 2420:. 2389:. 2359:. 2328:. 2268:. 2241:. 2236:: 2202:. 2141:. 2053:. 1864:^ 1809:^ 1724:. 1680:. 1674:. 1663:^ 1639:. 1589:^ 1496:. 1457:^ 1420:^ 1271:, 1247:. 821:. 760:UN 716:QC 704:, 571:, 563:, 490:. 457:, 233:, 227:, 3539:: 3083:e 3076:t 3069:v 2737:e 2730:t 2723:v 2678:( 2598:. 2579:. 2559:. 2539:. 2519:. 2497:. 2478:. 2438:. 2405:. 2375:. 2344:. 2312:. 2286:. 2253:. 2218:. 2188:. 2063:. 1969:. 1916:. 1858:. 1832:. 1769:. 1740:. 1709:. 1657:. 1625:. 1565:. 1538:. 1512:. 1482:. 1451:. 1414:. 180:) 174:( 169:) 165:( 147:. 118:) 112:( 107:) 103:( 93:· 86:· 79:· 72:· 45:. 20:.

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