775:(one of the generals of Sundiata) after Sundiata sent his men to buy horses in Jolof. It is reported that, when Sundiata sent his men to Jolof to buy horses in a caravan loaded with gold, the king of Jolof took all the gold and horses – known among some as "the robbery of the horses". In a revenge attack, Sundiata sent his general to Jolof to assassinate the king. It is believed that, it was probably this king of Jolof (known as Mansa Jolofing or Jolofing Mansa) who sided with Soumaoro at The Battle of Kirina and possibly belongs to the Ngom Dynasty of Jolof, the predecessors of the Diaw and Ndiaye Dynasties of Jolof. At present, little is known about the Ngom Dynasty of Jolof.
1234:
1192:
747:) whose son (Soumaoro) went on to succeed him and launched an offensive against the Mandinkas. Delafosse's original work has been refuted and discarded by many scholars including Monteil, Cornevin, etc. There was no Diara Kanté in the oral sources. That was an addition by Delafosee which was contrary to the original sources. The consensus is, in c. 1235, Sundiata who had survived one of Soumaoro's earlier raids went to war with the help of his allies against King Soumaoro of Sosso. Although a valiant warrior, Soumaoro was defeated at
397:, so-called because of her ugliness and hunchback). Sundiata was crippled from childhood and his mother (Sogolon) was the subject of ridicule among her co-wives. She was constantly teased and ridiculed openly for her son's disability. This significantly affected Sundiata and he was determined to do everything he possibly could in order to walk like his peers. Through this determination, he one day miraculously got up and walked. Among his peers, he became a leader. His paternal half-brother,
1206:
1262:
851:. Claims such as these are referred to by scholars like G. Wesley Johnson as nothing more than "Islamic legitimacy" - in African countries where Islam is now the predominant religion such as Senegal, and where Muslim griots try to link historical African figures to Muhammad either through a line of descent or by claiming that the ancestor of the historical figure belonged to Muhammad's tribe or was one of his followers (an attempt to distance them from their
1248:
865:
1178:
1220:
342:
828:, claimed that Mansa Musa's grandfather was named Sariq Jata and had converted to Islam. This may be a reference to Sundiata, though if so Ibn Battuta was apparently mistaken about the genealogy, as Musa's grandfather was Sundiata's brother Mande Bory. Other medieval Arabic sources claim that a ruler before Sundiata named Barmandana was the first ruler of Mali to convert to Islam.
405:, were cruel and resentful of Sundiata and his mother. Their cruelty escalated after the death of Naré Maghann (the king and father of Sundiata). To escape persecution and threats on her son's life, Sogolon took her children, Sundiata and his sisters, into exile. This exile lasted for many years and took them to different countries within the
910:. Assisted by his generals, Tiramakhan being one of the most prominent, he went on to conquer other states. The lands of the old Ghana Empire were conquered. The king of Jolof was defeated by Tiramakhan and his kingdom reduced to a vassal state. After defeating the former ally of Soumaoro, Tiramakhan ventured deep into present-day
763:(a four-string guitar used by the hunters and griots). After his victory at Kirina, Sundiata took control of the former conquered states of the Sosso and appropriated privileges among those who participated in the defeat of Soumaoro. The former allies of Soumaoro were also later defeated, in particular the king of
1097:
Sundiata Keita was not merely a conqueror who was able to rule over a large empire with different tribes and languages, but also developed Mali's mechanisms for agriculture, and is reported to have introduced cotton and weaving in Mali. Towards the end of his reign, "absolute security" is reported to
475:
does not give us dates, but Arab and North
African writers who visited the area about a century after the epic's events documented on paper some of the information, including dates and a genealogy. Conversely, the written sources left out other pieces of information that the oral tradition includes.
421:
conquered the
Mandinka people, messengers were sent to go and look for Sogolon and her children, as Sundiata was destined to be a great leader according to prophecy. Upon finding him in Mema, they persuaded him to come back in order to liberate the Mandinkas and their homeland. On his return, he was
2127:
Delafosse merely linked different legends (i.e. the
Tautain story etc.) and prescribed Diara Kanté (1180) as the father of Soumaoro, in order to link the Sossos to the Diarisso Dynasty of Kaniaga (Jarisso). He also failed to give sources as to how he arrived to that conclusion and the genealogy he
1506:
The years of
Sundiata Keita's birth and death are estimates based on the epic and the historical events surrounding that period, as well as other scholarly works based on Arab and North African writings. Scholars such as Snodgrass gave a date range of 1217–1255. See Snodgrass (2009), p.
1585:
663:. Both points of contention agree that Keita is not a real surname, but rather a royal name, in spite of the fact that Sundiata is referred to as Sundiata Keita in many scholarly works. At present, there is no consensus among the scholars regarding the name
966:
was in charge of checking the Mansa's power, enforcing his edicts among their people, and selecting the successor (usually the Mansa's son, brother or sister's son). The Empire flourished from the 13th to the late 14th century but began to decline as some
1083:"By unifying the military force of 12 states, Sundiata becomes an emperor known as the Lion King of Mali, who controls tribes from the Niger River west to the Atlantic Ocean. Walt Disney Studios reprised the story of Sundiata in 1994 as an animated film,
1074:, although not written and even subject to alterations in retelling and when they were first recorded in written form, they were part of the social and political norms of Mali. Many of these laws have been incorporated into the constitution of modern-day
1061:
It was during his reign that Mali first began to become an economic power, a trend continued by his successors and improved on thanks to the ground work set by
Sundiata, who controlled the region's trade routes and gold fields. The social and political
1736:
1549:
1045:
A strong army was a major contributor to the success of
Imperial Mali during the reign of Mansa Sundiata Keita. Credit to Mali's conquests cannot all be attributed to Sundiata Keita but equally shared among his generals, and in this,
3366:
1975:
2753:
855:
past). Although
Sundiata was not a Muslim, it is clear that the original epic of Sundiata was later affected by what Ralph Austen calls "Islamicate" culture—that is, the integration of Islamic and Arab culture.
685:
1848:
1766:
983:. Not only are there different versions, mainly modern, but Mandinka tradition forbids disclosing the burial ground of their great kings. According to some, he died of drowning while trying to cross the
2404:. African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Published by African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas (at Austin) (2006). p.8.
413:, where the king of Mema granted them asylum. Sundiata was admired by the King of Mema for his courage and tenacity. As such, he was given a senior position within the kingdom. When King
1836:
as 'God,' 'the divine principle' or 'priest king,' although they never argue the choice for this translation, which has an enormous impact on their analysis of the
Kamabolon ceremony."
2397:
1867:
289:(1332–1406) both having travelled to Mali in the century after Sundiata's death, and providing independent verification of his existence. The semi-historical but legendary
2684:
1671:
954:) of Mali, Sundiata was not an absolute monarch despite what the title implies. Though he probably wielded popular authority, the Mali Empire was reportedly run like a
3100:
Bulman, Stephen (2004), "A school for epic? The école
William Ponty and the evolution of the Sunjata epic, 1913-c. 1960", in Jansen, Jan; Mair, Henk M. J. (eds.),
2087:
1792:
1897:, Paris 1929, p. 612. There, the author brings down the French word "roi" (English: king), and brings its Mandingo equivalent, mã-nsa, mã-sa, mā-sa, ma-nsa-kye.
3312:
2621:
2044:
816:, there is nothing in the original epos that supports the claim. Sundiata is regarded as a great hunter and magician whose subjects predominantly adhered to
2128:
created. Monteil describes his work as "unacceptable". The
African Studies Association describe it as "...too creative to be useful to historians". See:
991:, he was "accidentally killed by an arrow during a ceremony." Others have maintained that he was assassinated at a public demonstration, also known as a
1153:
2519:
1113:
but in many parts of the World. Some scholars such as Ellen Snodgrass and others have observed similarities with the 13th-century Epic of Sundiata to
3428:
1634:
1366:
NIANE, Djibril Tamsir. “Histoire et Tradition Historique Du Manding.” Présence Africaine, no. 89, Présence Africaine Editions, 1974, pp. 59–74,
2112:
577:
are merely regional variations, from Gambia, Guinea or Mali, for instance. Sundiata's name is thus a derivation of his mother's name Sogolon (
2289:, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, p. 133, University of California Press, 1984,
2932:
McGuire, James R. 1999. Butchering Heroism?: Sunjata and the Negotiation of Postcolonial Mande Identity in Diabate's Le Boucher de Kouta.
835:
later added to the epic of Sundiata by claiming that Sundiata has "an ancestral origin among the companions of Muhammad in Mecca" (namely,
3311:
Waliński, Grzegorz (1991), "The image of the ruler as presented in the tradition about Sunjata", in Piłaszewicz, S.; Rzewuski, E. (eds.),
795:
horses and sent him a skin, saying that he should make shoes out of it since he was neither a hunter nor a king worthy to mount a horse."
426:
of Mali at the time who were his age group included: Tabon Wana, Kamadia Kamara (or Kamadia Camara), Faony Condé, Siara Kuman Konaté and
278:, who is usually regarded as the wealthiest person of all time, although there are no reliable ways to accurately calculate his wealth.
3314:
Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past. Proceedings of the International Symposium held in Ojrzanów n. Warsaw on 07-08 November 1989
2793:
736:
3371:
1166:
includes Sundiata Keita as an alternate leader for the Malian civilization in the "Rulers of the Sahara" Pack of the New Leader Pass.
958:
with each tribe having a chief representative at the court. The first tribes were Mandinka clans of Traore, Kamara, Koroma, Konde (or
938:) and annexed his state. The great Kikikor was killed and his kingdom was renamed Kaabu. Sundiata was responsible for the conquest of
1763:
1733:
1472:
939:
935:
1864:
3771:
3623:
2904:
Austen, Ralph A. "The Historical Transformation of Genres: Sunjata as Panegyric, Folktale, Epic, and Novel." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
992:
2925:
Johnson, John William. "The dichotomy of power and authority in Mande society and in the epic of Sunjata." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
971:
threw away the yoke of Mali and regained their independence. Some of these former vassals went on to form empires of their own.
438:(var: Sibi) where they formed a pact brotherhood in order to liberate their country and people from the powerful Sosso king. At
2819:
2677:
3293:
Tsaaior, James Tar (2010), "Webbed Words: masked meanings: proverbiality and narrative/discursive strategies in D. T. Niane's
2714:
The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained (1841): Or an Enquiry Into the Early History and Geography of Central Africa
979:
The generally accepted death year of Mansa Sundiata Keita is c. 1255. However, there is very little information regarding his
1879:
1752:
1664:
3121:
Conrad, David C. (1984), "Oral sources on links between great states: Sumanguru, Servile Lineage, the Jariso, and Kaniaga",
2718:
1967:
1645:
824:
being one of the most widely known. The explorer Ibn Battuta, who visited Mali during the reign of Sundiata's great-nephew
3217:
Janson, Marloes (2004), "The narration of the Sunjata epic as gendered activity", in Jansen, Jan; Mair, Henk M.J. (eds.),
2745:
1874:, 5th edition, by Carol Berkin, Christopher Miller, Robert Cherny, James Gormly & Douglas Egerton, Boston 2011, p. 13
3421:
2843:
1239:
679:
2076:
3781:
3711:
1144:
3341:
3254:
3226:
3186:
3167:
3111:
3032:
2878:
2729:
2696:
2648:
2448:
2421:
2341:
2329:
2294:
2267:
2246:
2225:
2008:
1845:
1778:
1721:
1683:
1618:
1459:
1429:
1405:
1354:
1333:
3321:
2614:
2037:
1370:
2911:
Belcher, Stephen. Sinimogo, 'Man for tomorrow': Sunjata on the fringes of the Mande world. .Ralph A Austen (ed.),
2173:
3414:
1716:(eds David C. Conrad, Djanka Tassey Condé, trans. David C. Conrad), pp. ix, x, xxvi, Hackett Publishing, 2004,
3786:
2401:
852:
2511:
3791:
2836:"Trey McElveen, Mrs. Rohlfs, "Hamlet and The Lion King: Shakespearean Influences on Modern Entertainment",
1550:"Échos d'Arabie. Le Pèlerinage à La Mecque de Mansa Musa (724–725/1324–1325) d'après des Nouvelles Sources"
1233:
817:
752:
213:
3263:
Newton, Robert C. 2006. Of Dangerous Energy and Transformations: Nyamakalaya and the Sunjata Phenomenon.
369:
The oral traditions relating to Sundiata Keita were passed down generation after generation by the local
2918:
Camara, Seydou. "The epic of Sunjata: structure, preservation and transmission." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
2003:(eds David C. Conrad, Djanka Tassey Condé, trans. David C. Conrad), p. xxxv, Hackett Publishing, 2004,
1925:
1696:
1451:
1397:
1058:, Sundiata stood out as a great leader who was able to command the loyalties of his generals and army.
2708:
1631:
1422:
The Spread of Islam in West Africa: colonization, globalization, and the emergence of fundamentalism
631:
where the Mandinkas make up the largest ethnic group). It is proposed that Sundiata Keita's father,
3776:
3633:
3388:
2105:
1832:
is generally translated as 'king,' 'ruler' or 'ancestor.' The Griaulians, however, often translate
1280:
632:
382:
192:
72:
2386:
The emergence of Black politics in Senegal: the struggle for power in the four communes, 1900-1920
1114:
3048:
Wilks, Ivor. "The History of the Sunjata Epic: A Review of the Evidence." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
2813:
2498:
2285:, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa,
3512:
3101:
1295:
2790:
684:
3766:
3761:
3735:
3689:
3348:(Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2003), Issiaka Diakite-Kaba's French-English
3320:, Orientalia Varsoviensia 2, Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, archived from
2870:
2352:
2282:
1476:
809:
778:
2940:
Conrad, David C. (1992), "Searching for History in the Sunjata Epic: The Case of Fakoli",
1054:
of Sundiata's Imperial Mali. However, in a wider perspective of 13th century West African
8:
2213:
1128:
1066:
of Mali were first being codified during the reign of Mansa Sundiata Keita. Known as the
848:
651:. Although in some West African societies a clan can be similar to the family name (see
3613:
3219:
Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents
3146:
3138:
3103:
Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents
3088:
3080:
3012:
3004:
2965:
2957:
2145:
Monteil, Charles, "La légende officielle de Soundiata, fondateur de l'empire manding",
1950:
1942:
1819:
1577:
1290:
358:
3638:
402:
3718:
3653:
3557:
3547:
3337:
3272:
3250:
3244:
3222:
3204:
3182:
3163:
3150:
3107:
3092:
3028:
3016:
2969:
2884:
2874:
2725:
2692:
2644:
2444:
2417:
2337:
2325:
2290:
2263:
2242:
2221:
2170:
Haut-Sénégal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l'Histoire; les Civilizations.
2166:
2033:
2004:
1954:
1890:
1875:
1774:
1748:
1717:
1679:
1614:
1581:
1569:
1455:
1425:
1401:
1350:
1329:
1047:
988:
772:
708:
612:
510:
465:
427:
229:
137:
90:
3648:
2817:
2666:
Haut-Sénégal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l'Histoire; les Civilizations
2156:(Paris, 1962), 347-48 (ref. to Delafosse in Haut-Sénégal-Niger vol. 1, pp. 256-257).
771:
king of Jolof, involved in the occult (just as Soumaoro), who was later defeated by
712:
414:
354:
202:
3669:
3580:
3537:
3502:
3472:
3130:
3072:
2994:
2986:
2949:
2936:, ed. by Ralph Austen, pp. 253–274. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
2436:
1934:
1920:
1809:
1801:
1561:
1102:
1055:
1008:
825:
748:
675:
439:
350:
336:
291:
233:
142:
61:
3643:
390:
3674:
3618:
3527:
3517:
3467:
2913:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature, and Performance
2906:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature, and Performance
2823:
2797:
2791:
Ronica Roth, "Mali's Boy-King: A Thirteenth-Century African Epic Becomes Digital"
2722:
2712:
2688:
2625:
2489:
2116:
2091:
2048:
1871:
1852:
1790:
Jansen, Jan (1998). "Hot Issues: The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba (Mali)".
1770:
1740:
1675:
1649:
1638:
1374:
1285:
1211:
1162:
1071:
1040:
996:
984:
836:
398:
381:), until eventually their stories were put into writing. Sundiata was the son of
362:
296:
76:
3050:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2934:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2927:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2920:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2239:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic As History, Literature and Performance
1642:
3679:
3487:
1275:
1253:
1225:
980:
873:
320:
304:
241:
2835:
1938:
639:
while his successors were "Keitas in waiting" (heirs to the throne). The name
281:
Written sources augment the Mande oral histories, with the Moroccan traveller
3755:
3507:
3457:
3437:
3398:
3208:
1573:
1267:
1197:
1123:
1020:
1016:
947:
931:
919:
781:
has advanced the claim that, the Jolofing Mansa sided with Sumaguru because
697:
608:
594:
452:
182:
150:
98:
57:
3406:
3367:
The True Lion King of Africa: The Epic History of Sundiata, King of Old Mali
2888:
820:, as did Sundiata. However, some of Sundiata's successors were Muslim, with
3684:
3477:
3462:
2668:, vols. 1-3, Paris: Émile Larose (1912) (eds Marie François Joseph Clozel).
1970:
Focus on World History: The Era of Expanding Global Connections --1000-1500
1389:
1300:
1139:
1063:
968:
840:
813:
768:
764:
732:
724:
716:
442:, Sundiata and his allies defeated the Sosso king, and he became the first
418:
406:
2990:
2110:, Traduites d'un manscrit arabe inédit par Maurice Delafosse (in Gallica).
1205:
450:. He was the first of the Mandinka line of kings to adopt the royal title
3597:
3562:
3441:
3203:. Vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. 264–268.
3196:
1183:
1110:
1106:
1012:
899:
893:
877:
869:
701:
652:
526:
491:
472:
447:
393:(variations: "Sogolon Kolonkan" or "Sogolon Kédjou", the daughter of the
300:
286:
282:
271:
146:
109:
94:
35:
3332:
Published translations of the epic include D. T. Niane's prose version,
3273:"Histoire de la puissance mandinque d' après la légende et la tradition"
1565:
3694:
3628:
3552:
3532:
3492:
3142:
3084:
3008:
2961:
2202:
Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa
2135:, African Studies Association, 1984, University of Michigan, pp. 42-51.
1367:
1024:
995:. At present, the generally accepted cause of death is drowning in the
955:
943:
923:
922:
and conquered them. Tiramakhan was responsible for the conquest of the
898:
After his victory at Kirina, Mansa Sundiata established his capital at
821:
435:
430:(many variations: "Trimaghan" or "Tiramaghan", the future conqueror of
275:
51:
3246:
The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa
1946:
1823:
1023:
of the Empire. The famous and notably ostentatious West African ruler
3522:
2999:
2308:
Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800
2189:
Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800
1814:
1118:
881:
3356:(Denver: Outskirts Press and Paris: Les Editions l'Harmattan, 2010).
3134:
3076:
2953:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
751:(c. 1235). Soumaoro is regarded as one of the true champions of the
3573:
3497:
3482:
2485:
2147:
Bulletin du Comité d 'Etudes historiques et scientifiques de l 'AOF
1805:
1109:
is taught in many schools, colleges and universities, not just in
864:
2589:
2454:
1051:
911:
885:
756:
720:
648:
534:
443:
423:
346:
177:
31:
2083:
le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues, l'Histoire, les Civilisations
1923:(1963), "The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century kings of Mali",
1660:
1658:
930:(part of present-day Guinea Bissau), he defeated the last great
3542:
3349:
2388:, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (1971), p.10
1132:
915:
907:
693:
628:
542:
530:
370:
324:
217:
2977:
Jansen, Jan (2001), "The Sunjata Epic: The Ultimate Version",
2539:
2537:
1895:
La langue mandingue et ses dialects (Malinké, Bambara, Dioula)
3740:
2494:
1655:
1515:
1513:
1067:
1036:
963:
927:
844:
832:
431:
422:
accompanied by an army given to him by the King of Mema. The
308:
81:
3374:
Sections include Geography, Religion, Society & Politics
3285:. One of the first publications presenting a version of the
3277:
Bulletin de la Société de géographie commerciale de Bordeaux
2773:
2771:
1630:
UNESCO, "Manden Charter, proclaimed in Kurukan Fuga", 2009.
1087:, with animals substituting for the humans of Mali legend."
2534:
1075:
903:
689:
644:
620:
538:
410:
341:
122:
2154:
Histoire de l'Afrique, Tome I: des origines au XVIe siècle
2108:
Traditions historiques et légendaires du Soudan occidental
1510:
999:, where a shrine that bears his name still remains today (
2768:
1703:, Issues 21-24, Grande Imprimerie Africaine, 1980, p. 79.
2138:
Monteil, Charles, "Fin de siècle à Médine (1898-1899)",
1605:
1603:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1394:
The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1050 to c. 1600
599:
Some Bambaras and Mandinkas have proposed that the name
525:. It is the traditional way of praising someone in some
3179:
Africa in World History: from prehistory to the present
3063:
Biebuyck, Daniel P. (1976), "The African Heroic Epic",
2514:
Histoire des Mandingues de l'Ouest: le royaume du Gabou
2336:
First published in 1981 by Cambridge University Press,
2241:, Bloomington: Indiana University Press (1999), p. 93,
1793:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
1521:
African Empires and Civilizations: ancient and medieval
946:. Although the conquered states were answerable to the
627:, variations: Konate, Conateh (English spelling in the
509:, approaching the actual pronunciation in the original
2635:
2633:
1995:
1993:
1127:. Disney has maintained that the film was inspired by
755:. According to Fyle, Soumaoro was the inventor of the
154:
Mansa Sundiata Keita also had daughters not just sons.
2740:
2738:
1846:
A Grammar of the Mandingo Language: With Vocabularies
1600:
1435:
1157:
contains a five-chapter campaign depicting Sundjata.
2320:
Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P., eds. (2000).
1523:, African Heritage Studies Publishers, 1974, p. 160.
1173:
655:), such similarities do not exist between the names
2630:
2163:, Longman, 1977, p. 31 (based on Delafosse's work).
1990:
1747:(In Sub-Saharan Africa), pub. Shell Education 2007
1641:. A translation of it can be found in pp. 75-77 of
3242:
2735:
2432:
2430:
1665:eds Alexander, Leslie M., & Walter C. Rucker,
700:and quiver of arrows were the symbols of power in
501:The proper English spelling of Sundiata's name is
274:. He was also the great-uncle of the Malian ruler
3243:McKissack, Patricia; McKissack, Fredrick (1995),
2001:Sunjata: a West African epic of the Mande peoples
1745:Primary Source Fluency Activities: World Cultures
1714:Sunjata: a West African Epic of the Mande peoples
1396:(eds J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver), p. 390,
1328:, HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, pp. 167, 1192.
812:alludes to Sundiata being a Muslim. According to
715:'s grandfather with the help of his army and the
3753:
2287:Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century
1855:, by Robert Maxwell Macbrair, London 1873, p. 5.
565:(lion). Jara and many of its variations such as
3176:
2427:
2319:
1865:Making America – A History of the United States
1416:
1414:
735:, dethroned a Muslim dynasty and continued the
3237:The Epic of Son-Jara: A West African Tradition
2322:Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa
2260:Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia
2218:Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia
1385:
1383:
245:
3436:
3422:
2615:Mamadou Kouyate quoted in BBC World Service,
2038:See: BBC World Service, The Story of Africa,
588:
349:. The balafon plays an important role in the
2777:Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division,
1473:""Sundiata", Encyclopædia Britannica Online"
1411:
3195:
2573:, p. 381. Cambridge University Press, 1975.
2569:Fage, J. D., & Oliver, Roland Anthony,
2278:
2276:
2172:vols. 1-3, Paris: Émile Larose (1912) (eds
2161:West Africa: an introduction to its history
1537:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 45–46.
1446:Collins, Robert O., & James McDonald,
1380:
1050:stood out as one of the elite generals and
549:praises him through his mother which means
327:as one of an intangible cultural heritage.
3429:
3415:
3270:
2664:, pp. 57-58. See also Delafosse, Maurice,
2619:, "West African Kingdoms" (under Origins).
1154:Age of Empires II HD: The African Kingdoms
1098:have "prevailed throughout his dominion."
839:) and speaks of himself as a successor to
16:Founder and first ruler of the Mali Empire
3027:, p. 77, Infobase Publishing, 2009,
2998:
2662:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2602:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2558:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2545:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2471:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2142:, vol. 28, série B, n° 1-2, 1966, p. 166.
1908:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
1813:
1424:, pp. 100-102, Edwin Mellen Press, 2006,
1347:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire,
1326:The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates
3310:
3239:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3157:
3062:
3025:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire
2748:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire
2680:African History: Western African history
2584:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire
2273:
1919:
1667:Encyclopedia of African American History
863:
843:, a conqueror and king mentioned in the
683:
340:
307:, transmitted by generations of Maninka
3292:
3221:, Münster: Lit Verlag, pp. 81–88,
3201:The Muqaddimah (K. Ta'rikh - "History")
3106:, Münster: Lit Verlag, pp. 34–45,
2784:
2373:Trans-Saharan Africa in World History,
2310:, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, pp. 51-53.
731:), Soumaoro's father gained control of
357:was stolen by Sundiata Keita's griot -
285:(1304–1368) and the Tunisian historian
3754:
3336:(Harlow: Longman, 2006, 1994, c.1965:
3216:
3160:Africa in History: Themes and Outlines
3120:
3099:
2976:
2939:
2867:African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent
2864:
1789:
1773:, by Ibn Battuta, London 2005, p. 324
1547:
847:, commonly regarded as a reference to
615:, and that Sundiata's real surname is
3577:
3410:
3038:
2804:, July/August 1998, Vol. 19/Number 4.
2375:Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 98.
2367:
2365:
2306:Stride, G. T., & Caroline Ifeka,
2187:Stride, G. T., & Caroline Ifeka,
1764:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354
723:captured what was left of the sacked
323:issued during his reign is listed by
3578:
3354:Soundjata, Le Leon/Sunjata, The Lion
3177:Gilbert, E.; Reynolds, J.T. (2004),
1613:, Infobase Publishing, 2005, p. 12,
1532:
1368:http://www.jstor.org/stable/24349706
1148:tells the legend of Sundiata Keita.
783:"like him, he was hostile to Islam."
246:
2443:, SAGE Publications, 2005, p. 318,
2414:The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 11
2359:, Paris 1961, p. 15 note 2 (French)
2191:, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, p. 49.
1240:Traditional African religion portal
1027:was Sundiata Keita's great-nephew.
987:, near Niani. If one is to believe
767:. Serer oral tradition speaks of a
680:Military history of the Mali Empire
669:
353:. The magical balafon belonging to
330:
101:(King of Kings), preceded by none).
13:
3372:Background information on Sundiata
3344:), Fa-Digi Sisoko's oral version,
3162:, New York: Simon & Schuster,
3056:
2840:, 17 April 1998 (in lionking.org)"
2779:French West Africa: The Federation
2756:from the original on 12 April 2024
2691:, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1990,
2362:
1978:from the original on 12 April 2024
1588:from the original on 15 April 2022
1349:p. 77, Infobase Publishing, 2009,
270:) was a prince and founder of the
14:
3803:
3360:
3065:Journal of the Folklore Institute
2522:from the original on 15 June 2023
2416:, Americana Corp., 1977, p. 667,
2324:. New York: Marcus Weiner Press.
1828:On page 256, Jan Jansen writes: "
727:, and by 1180, Diara Kanté (var:
2846:from the original on 12 May 2008
2061:Empires of Medieval West Africa,
1260:
1246:
1232:
1218:
1204:
1190:
1176:
859:
121:Dakadjalan, part of present-day
3772:13th-century monarchs in Africa
3265:Research in African Literatures
2979:Research in African Literatures
2898:
2858:
2828:
2807:
2702:
2671:
2654:
2607:
2576:
2571:The Cambridge History of Africa
2563:
2550:
2504:
2476:
2407:
2398:Research in African literatures
2391:
2378:
2346:
2313:
2300:
2252:
2231:
2207:
2194:
2181:
2121:
2096:
2066:
2053:
2027:
2022:Empires of Medieval West Africa
2014:
1960:
1913:
1900:
1884:
1858:
1839:
1783:
1757:
1727:
1706:
1689:
1624:
1611:Empires of Medieval West Africa
1541:
1526:
1448:A History of Sub-Saharan Africa
1101:From a global perspective, the
2641:Topics in West African History
2357:Soundjata ou L’Épopée Mandigue
1500:
1491:
1465:
1360:
1339:
1318:
688:Terracotta archer figure from
1:
3334:Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali
3235:Johnson, John William. 1992.
3041:Sundiata: an epic of old Mali
2441:Encyclopedia of Black Studies
2402:University of Texas at Austin
2131:African Studies Association,
1734:An Interview with Ibn Battuta
1306:
853:traditional African religious
237:
3199:(1958). F. Rosenthal (ed.).
2873:: Indiana University Press,
2174:Marie François Joseph Clozel
1019:) went on to succeed him as
753:Traditional African religion
692:(13th-15th century), with a
635:, took the real family name
517:derives from his mother and
214:Traditional African religion
7:
1535:Ibn Battuta in Black Africa
1169:
799:
303:is primarily known through
10:
3808:
3712:Keïta! l'Héritage du griot
2133:History in Africa, Vol. 11
1926:Journal of African History
1596:– via cambridge.org.
1452:Cambridge University Press
1398:Cambridge University Press
1145:Keïta! l'Héritage du griot
1034:
891:
785:He went on to state that:
711:previously proposed that,
673:
592:
589:Surname (Keita or Konaté?)
434:). It was on the plain of
334:
3782:Mansas of the Mali Empire
3728:
3703:
3662:
3606:
3588:
3448:
3395:
3386:
3380:
3295:Sundiata: An Epic of Mali
2059:Conrad, David C. (2005),
1939:10.1017/s002185370000428x
1030:
868:By the 14th century, the
808:, Volume 4, p. 133,
806:General History of Africa
545:in particular). The name
494:in the late 14th century)
401:, and Dankaran's mother,
299:centers on his life. The
208:
198:
188:
176:
167:
162:
158:
136:
128:
115:
105:
68:
50:
42:
28:
23:
3389:Mansa of the Mali Empire
3346:Son-Jara: The Mande Epic
3158:Davidson, Basil (1995),
2716:, p. 62, Routledge, 1966
2643:, p. 16, Longman, 1966,
2624:19 February 2012 at the
2085:(vols. 1-3)(in Gallica).
2047:19 February 2012 at the
1548:Collet, Hadrien (2019).
1311:
1281:History of Guinea-Bissau
974:
964:The Great Gbara Assembly
962:), and of course Keita.
183:The Royal House of Keita
3271:Quiquandon, F. (1892),
3023:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen,
2512:"Djibril Tamsir Niane,
1345:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen,
902:, near the present-day
268:Sogo Sogo Simbon Salaba
132:c. 1255 (aged c. 37–38)
3267:Vol. 37, No. 2: 15–33.
3213:(on the Kings of Mali)
2865:Gugler, Josef (2003),
2814:University of Timbuktu
2796:2 January 2018 at the
2258:Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
2115:1 January 2018 at the
1697:Senghor, Léopold Sédar
1373:7 January 2022 at the
1089:
889:
705:
366:
297:Malinké/Maninka people
3181:, Pearson Education,
3039:Niane, D. T. (1965),
2991:10.1353/ral.2001.0016
2822:19 April 2012 at the
2781:, HMSO, 1943, p. 171.
2721:12 April 2024 at the
2687:12 April 2024 at the
2283:Niane, Djibril Tamsir
2090:29 March 2013 at the
2040:West African Kingdoms
1870:12 April 2024 at the
1851:12 April 2024 at the
1769:12 April 2024 at the
1743:, Kathleen Knoblock,
1739:12 April 2024 at the
1674:12 April 2024 at the
1669:, Vol. 1, pp. 109-110
1296:History of the Gambia
1081:
1035:Further information:
1005:Sundiata's deep water
892:Further information:
867:
687:
674:Further information:
551:"the lion of Sogolon"
344:
3787:Medieval legislators
3736:Djibril Tamsir Niane
3690:Twelve Doors of Mali
2871:Bloomington, Indiana
2384:Johnson, G. Wesley,
2214:Mwakikagile, Godfrey
2106:Delafosse, Maurice,
2077:Delafosse, Maurice,
1648:13 July 2021 at the
1637:12 July 2021 at the
810:Djibril Tamsir Niane
804:In his piece in the
749:The Battle of Kirina
619:(French spelling in
440:The Battle of Kirina
283:Muhammad ibn Battúta
168:Mansa Sundiata Keita
62:The Battle of Kirina
24:Mansa Sundiata Keita
3792:Senegalese monarchs
3634:Naré Maghann Konaté
3352:dramatized version
2678:Collins, Robert O,
2617:The Story of Africa
2499:Université de Dakar
2149:, VIII, n° 2, 1924.
2081:(Soudan Français),
1566:10.1017/hia.2019.12
1533:King, Noel (2005).
1129:William Shakespeare
1017:Mansa Khalifa Keita
1007:). His three sons (
876:eastward along the
872:"extended from the
849:Alexander the Great
818:traditional beliefs
792:confiscated Diata's
647:name rather than a
633:Naré Maghann Konaté
585:) and Jata (lion).
383:Naré Maghann Konaté
193:Naré Maghann Konaté
151:Mansa Khalifa Keita
73:Naré Maghann Konaté
3043:, London: Longmans
2838:British Literature
2746:"Ellen Snodgrass,
2582:Snodgrass (2009),
2237:Austen, Ralph A.,
2167:Delafosse, Maurice
2159:Crowder, Michael,
2140:Bulletin de l'lFAN
2079:Haut-Sénégal-Niger
2020:Conrad, David C.,
1999:Conrad, David C.,
1712:Conrad, David C.,
1678:, ABC-CLIO, 2010,
1609:Conrad, David C.,
1291:History of Senegal
1160:The 4X video game
890:
706:
409:and eventually to
367:
262:, son of Sogolon,
3749:
3748:
3719:Age of Empires II
3654:Tiramakhan Traore
3571:
3570:
3405:
3404:
3396:Succeeded by
3123:History in Africa
2942:History in Africa
2660:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2600:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2556:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2543:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2488:et l’histoire du
2469:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2437:Asante, Molefi K.
2152:Robert Cornevin,
2034:BBC World Service
1921:Levtzion, Nehemia
1906:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
1891:Maurice Delafosse
1880:978-0-618-47139-3
1753:978-1-4258-0102-1
1554:History in Africa
1324:Carruth, Gorton,
1048:Tiramakhan Traore
1013:Mansa Ouati Keita
773:Tiramakhan Traore
696:on his back. The
613:Mandinka language
581:or its variation
466:Mandinka language
428:Tiramakhan Traore
223:
222:
212:Prevailing view:
172:
171:
147:Mansa Ouati Keita
91:Mandinka language
46:c. 1235 – c. 1255
3799:
3670:Battle of Kirina
3581:Epic of Sundiata
3575:
3574:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3381:Preceded by
3378:
3377:
3328:
3326:
3319:
3306:
3284:
3259:
3231:
3212:
3191:
3172:
3153:
3116:
3095:
3044:
3019:
3002:
2972:
2892:
2891:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2832:
2826:
2811:
2805:
2788:
2782:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2742:
2733:
2706:
2700:
2675:
2669:
2658:
2652:
2639:Boahen, A. Adu,
2637:
2628:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2531:
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2508:
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2376:
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2360:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2298:
2280:
2271:
2262:(2010), p. 224,
2256:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2220:(2010), p. 224,
2211:
2205:
2200:Fyle, Magbaily,
2198:
2192:
2185:
2179:
2125:
2119:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2042:(under Origins).
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:"Sammis, Kathy,
1964:
1958:
1957:
1917:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1888:
1882:
1862:
1856:
1843:
1837:
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1817:
1787:
1781:
1761:
1755:
1731:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1662:
1653:
1643:this publication
1628:
1622:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:on 28 March 2013
1475:. Archived from
1469:
1463:
1444:
1433:
1418:
1409:
1387:
1378:
1364:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1322:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1223:
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1221:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1103:Epic of Sundiata
1093:
1056:military history
1009:Mansa Wali Keita
822:Mansa Musa Keita
737:Diarisso Dynasty
676:Battle of Kirina
670:Battle of Kirina
665:Sundiata Konaté.
555:"Sogolon's lion"
351:Epic of Sundiata
337:Epic of Sundiata
331:Epic of Sundiata
292:Epic of Sundiata
250:; also known as
249:
248:
239:
160:
159:
143:Mansa Wali Keita
21:
20:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3777:Gambian royalty
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3724:
3699:
3675:Kouroukan Fouga
3658:
3639:Sassouma Bereté
3619:Dankaran Touman
3602:
3584:
3572:
3567:
3444:
3435:
3401:
3392:
3384:
3363:
3327:on 7 March 2012
3324:
3317:
3257:
3229:
3189:
3170:
3135:10.2307/3171626
3114:
3077:10.2307/3813812
3059:
3057:Further reading
2954:10.2307/3171998
2915:(1999): 89-110.
2901:
2896:
2895:
2881:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
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2824:Wayback Machine
2812:
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2798:Wayback Machine
2789:
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2776:
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2743:
2736:
2723:Wayback Machine
2709:Cooley, William
2707:
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2689:Wayback Machine
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2049:Wayback Machine
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
1998:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1961:
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1872:Wayback Machine
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1286:History of Mali
1266:
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1212:Monarchy portal
1210:
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1172:
1163:Civilization VI
1151:The video game
1095:
1092:Ellen Snodgrass
1091:
1072:Kouroukan Fouga
1043:
1041:Kouroukan Fouga
1033:
997:Sankarani River
985:Sankarani River
977:
896:
862:
837:Bilal Ibn Rabah
802:
682:
672:
603:actually means
597:
591:
483:Sundjata Keyita
403:Sassouma Bereté
399:Dankaran Touman
395:"buffalo woman"
339:
333:
153:
149:
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120:
77:Dankaran Touman
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3729:Related topics
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415:Soumaoro Kanté
387:Maghan Konfara
355:Soumaoro Kanté
335:Main article:
332:
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321:Manden Charter
305:oral tradition
247:ߛߏ߲߬ߖߘߊ߬ ߞߋߕߊ߬
240:1217–c. 1255,
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19:
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3685:Sosso Empire
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3322:the original
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2985:(1): 14–46,
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2905:
2899:Bibliography
2866:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2837:
2830:
2809:
2801:
2786:
2778:
2758:. Retrieved
2747:
2713:
2704:
2679:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2640:
2616:
2609:
2604:, pp. 57-58.
2601:
2583:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2560:, pp. 55-57.
2557:
2552:
2544:
2524:. Retrieved
2513:
2506:
2484:La question
2483:
2478:
2473:, pp. 55-56.
2470:
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2016:
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1980:. Retrieved
1969:
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1785:
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1744:
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1626:
1610:
1590:. Retrieved
1557:
1553:
1543:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1502:
1497:Niane p. 41.
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1467:
1447:
1421:
1393:
1362:
1346:
1341:
1325:
1320:
1301:Sosso people
1161:
1159:
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1100:
1096:
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1064:constitution
1060:
1044:
1004:
1001:Sundiata-dun
1000:
978:
959:
951:
906:border with
897:
831:Some Muslim
830:
805:
803:
793:
790:
782:
777:
760:
744:
740:
739:(variation:
733:Koumbi Saleh
728:
725:Ghana Empire
719:nobility of
707:
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527:West African
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488:"Mārī-Djāta"
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407:Ghana Empire
394:
386:
385:(variation:
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316:
312:
290:
280:
267:
263:
259:
256:Lion of Mali
255:
251:
225:
224:
86:
80:
30:Founder and
29:
18:
3767:1255 deaths
3762:1217 births
3598:Mali Empire
3563:Mama Maghan
3442:Mali Empire
3197:Ibn Khaldun
3071:(1): 5–36,
2948:: 147–200,
2103:(in French)
2073:(in French)
1701:Éthiopiques
1632:Access here
1592:12 November
1184:Mali portal
1115:Walt Disney
1111:West Africa
1107:Mali Empire
934:king (King
894:Mali Empire
878:Niger River
870:Mali Empire
653:Joof family
557:. The name
529:societies (
513:. The name
507:soon-jah-ta
492:Ibn Khaldun
448:Mali Empire
287:ibn Khaldun
272:Mali Empire
264:Nare Maghan
110:Mansa Uli I
69:Predecessor
3756:Categories
3695:Sosso Bala
3629:Mande Bori
3607:Characters
3553:Mahmud III
3533:Maghan III
3399:Wali Keita
3393:1230–1255
3299:Proverbium
2802:Humanities
2800:(in NEH):
2613:See also:
2353:D.T. Niane
1390:Fage, J. D
1307:References
1025:Mansa Musa
956:federation
924:Senegambia
884:(northern
880:valley to
729:Jara Kante
593:See also:
276:Mansa Musa
244:spelling:
52:Coronation
3558:Mahmud IV
3548:Mahmud II
3523:Maghan II
3305:: 339–362
3283:: 305–318
3209:956182402
3151:161226607
3129:: 35–55,
3093:165250246
3017:162077125
3000:1887/2769
2970:161404193
1955:162413528
1815:1887/2774
1582:182652539
1574:0361-5413
1450:, p. 84,
1140:Burkinabe
1138:The 1995
989:Delafosse
882:Hausaland
709:Delafosse
611:) in the
605:inheritor
345:A modern
301:epic poem
64:: c. 1235
3704:In media
3538:Musa III
3503:Sulayman
3498:Maghan I
3488:Muhammad
3473:Abu Bakr
3453:Sundiata
2889:52520253
2850:16 March
2844:Archived
2820:Archived
2794:Archived
2760:16 March
2754:Archived
2750:, p. 78"
2719:Archived
2685:Archived
2622:Archived
2586:, p. 77.
2547:, p. 56.
2526:16 March
2520:Archived
2516:, p. 22"
2204:, p. 61.
2113:Archived
2088:Archived
2045:Archived
2024:, p. 35.
1982:16 March
1976:Archived
1972:, p. 66"
1910:, p. 55.
1868:Archived
1849:Archived
1767:Archived
1737:Archived
1672:Archived
1646:Archived
1635:Archived
1586:Archived
1454:, 2007,
1400:, 1977,
1371:Archived
1170:See also
1119:animated
1117:'s 1994
1105:and the
1070:and the
1052:warlords
1003:meaning
826:Suleyman
800:Religion
759:and the
547:Sundiata
511:Mandinka
424:warlords
365:country.
363:Mandinka
230:Mandinka
209:Religion
79:both as
56:Crowned
3528:Sandaki
3518:Musa II
3468:Khalifa
3440:of the
3143:3171626
3085:3813812
3009:3820580
2962:3171998
2501:, 1987.
2486:Gelwaar
2036:, see:
1560:: 106.
1483:28 July
940:Diafunu
936:Kikikor
912:Senegal
886:Nigeria
757:balafon
745:Jarisso
721:Kaniaga
649:surname
625:Konateh
535:Senegal
515:Sogolon
503:Sunjata
464:in the
462:emperor
446:of the
444:Emperor
347:balafon
319:). The
295:by the
234:Malinke
119:c. 1217
97:. As a
32:Emperor
3663:Topics
3624:Fakoli
3543:Uli II
3493:Musa I
3478:Sakura
3438:Mansas
3350:diglot
3340:
3253:
3225:
3207:
3185:
3166:
3149:
3141:
3110:
3091:
3083:
3031:
3015:
3007:
2968:
2960:
2887:
2877:
2728:
2695:
2682:, p. 8
2647:
2447:
2420:
2340:
2328:
2293:
2266:
2245:
2224:
2063:p. 44.
2007:
1953:
1947:180027
1945:
1878:
1824:221083
1822:
1777:
1751:
1720:
1682:
1617:
1580:
1572:
1458:
1428:
1404:
1353:
1332:
1142:movie
1133:Hamlet
1031:Legacy
1021:Mansas
993:Gitten
932:Bainuk
916:Gambia
914:, the
908:Guinea
904:Malian
833:griots
741:Jariso
694:quiver
661:Konaté
637:Konaté
629:Gambia
617:Konaté
543:Guinea
531:Gambia
521:means
389:) and
371:griots
325:UNESCO
309:griots
218:Muslim
199:Mother
189:Father
93:– pre-
82:Faamas
60:after
3741:Griot
3508:Kassa
3458:Uli I
3325:(PDF)
3318:(PDF)
3147:S2CID
3139:JSTOR
3089:S2CID
3081:JSTOR
3013:S2CID
3005:JSTOR
2966:S2CID
2958:JSTOR
2495:Dakar
1951:S2CID
1943:JSTOR
1834:mansa
1830:Mansa
1820:JSTOR
1578:S2CID
1312:Notes
1121:film
1068:Gbara
1037:Gbara
975:Death
960:Conde
948:Mansa
928:Kaabu
926:. In
900:Niani
888:)..."
845:Quran
779:Niane
769:Serer
765:Jolof
717:Sosso
657:Keita
643:is a
641:Keita
623:) or
601:Keita
453:Mansa
432:Kaabu
419:Sosso
379:jeliw
375:djeli
317:jeliw
313:djeli
178:House
163:Names
138:Issue
99:Mansa
87:Kings
58:Mansa
43:Reign
3463:Wati
3383:none
3338:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3205:OCLC
3183:ISBN
3164:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3029:ISBN
2885:OCLC
2875:ISBN
2852:2012
2762:2023
2726:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2645:ISBN
2528:2023
2490:Siin
2445:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2338:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2264:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1984:2023
1876:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1695:Ed.
1680:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1594:2023
1570:ISSN
1485:2012
1456:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1076:Mali
1039:and
1015:and
952:king
944:Kita
942:and
918:and
814:Fage
690:Mali
678:and
659:and
645:clan
621:Mali
575:jada
571:jala
567:jata
563:Jara
559:Jata
541:and
539:Mali
523:lion
519:Jata
473:epic
458:king
436:Siby
411:Mema
266:and
242:N'Ko
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129:Died
123:Mali
116:Born
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3131:doi
3073:doi
2995:hdl
2987:doi
2950:doi
1935:doi
1810:hdl
1802:doi
1562:doi
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1131:'s
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761:dan
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698:bow
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460:or
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