Wild boar - Knowledge

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environmental and financial costs for the United States alone. The breadth of this damage is due to prior inattention and lack of management tactics for extended lengths of time. Managing wild boar is a complex task, as it involves coordinating a combination of crop harvest techniques, fencing, toxic bait, corrals, and hunting. The most common tactic employed by private land owners in the United States is recreational hunting, however, this is generally not as effective on its own. Management strategies are most successful when they take into account reproduction, dispersion, and the differences between ideal resources for males and females.

4774: 3896: 4301: 3255:) in Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and the Far East up until the late 19th century. In modern times, tiger numbers are too low to have a limiting effect on boar populations. A single tiger can systematically destroy an entire sounder by preying on its members one by one, before moving on to another sounder. Tigers have been noted to chase boars for longer distances than with other prey. In two rare cases, boars were reported to gore a small tiger and a tigress to death in self-defense. A "large male tiger" died of wounds inflicted by an old wild boar it had killed in "a battle royal" between the two animals. 3536: 3984:

published in the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology was conducted on the results of Feral Swine control. Only two years after the control started, the amount of turtle nests jumped from 57 to 143, and the turtle nest predation percent dropped from 74 to 15. They kill and eat deers, lizards, birds, snakes, and more. These boars are called "opportunist omnivores", which means they eat almost anything. This means they can survive almost anywhere. A big surplus of food and the ability to adapt to any new place causes lots of breeding. All of these factors make it difficult to get rid of wild boars.

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European pig stock. Modern domesticated pigs have involved complex exchanges, with European domesticated lines being exported in turn to the ancient Near East. Historical records indicate that Asian pigs were introduced into Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Domestic pigs tend to have much more developed hindquarters than their wild boar ancestors, to the point where 70% of their body weight is concentrated in the posterior, which is the opposite of wild boar, where most of the muscles are concentrated on the head and shoulders.

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The animal's head is very large, taking up to one-third of the body's entire length. The structure of the head is well suited for digging. The head acts as a plough, while the powerful neck muscles allow the animal to upturn considerable amounts of soil: it is capable of digging 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in) into frozen ground and can upturn rocks weighing 40–50 kg (88–110 lb). The eyes are small and deep-set and the ears long and broad. The species has well developed

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trees. Water is also affected negatively by wild boars. When wild boars are active in streams, or small pools of water, it causes increased turbidity (excessive silt and particle suspension). In some cases, the fecal coliform concentration increases to dangerous levels because of wild boars. Aquatic wildlife is affected, more prominently fish, and amphibians. Wild boars have caused a great decrease in over 300 animal or plant species, 250 being endangered or threatened.

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did not say. Not once did the programme mention that this is a native species. The boar was discussed as if it were an exotic invasive animal, such as the mink or the grey squirrel. Then, once we've found out how many boars, should be culled to allow a gentle expansion but not an explosion, permits to shoot them should be sold, and the money used to compensate farmers whose crops the boar have damaged. Other hunting should be banned. This is how they do it in France.

4605: 1647: 4158: 751: 4124: 10905: 3562:. Between their medieval extinction and the 1980s, when wild boar farming began, only a handful of captive wild boar, imported from the continent, were present in Britain. Occasional escapes of wild boar from wildlife parks have occurred as early as the 1970s, but since the early 1990s significant populations have re-established themselves after escapes from farms, the number of which has increased as the demand for meat from the species has grown. A 1998 2661: 1500: 252: 103: 4930: 1614: 2617:

leave the lair for their first week of life. Should the mother be absent, the piglets lie closely pressed to each other. By two weeks of age, the piglets begin accompanying their mother on her journeys. Should danger be detected, the piglets take cover or stand immobile, relying on their camouflage to keep them hidden. The neonatal coat fades after three months, with adult colouration being attained at eight months. Although the

10519: 3196:, boars are the wolf's primary prey, despite an abundance of alternative, less powerful ungulates. Wolves are particularly threatening during the winter, when deep snow impedes the boars' movements. In the Baltic regions, heavy snowfall can allow wolves to eliminate boars from an area almost completely. Wolves primarily target piglets and subadults and only rarely attack adult sows. Adult males are usually avoided entirely. 2046: 1703: 860: 3212: 4589: 2375: 1115: 3993: 2410: 3636:

location of Weston under Penyard many kilometres or miles away. In early 2010 the Forestry Commission embarked on a cull, with the aim of reducing the boar population from an estimated 150 animals to 100. By August it was stated that efforts were being made to reduce the population from 200 to 90, but that only 25 had been killed. The failure to meet cull targets was confirmed in February 2011.

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that they are not evolutionarily predisposed, and alter their diets substantially based on what is available. These "adaptive generalists", can survive in a variety of landscapes, making the prediction of their movement patterns and any potential close contact areas crucial to limiting damage. All of these qualities make them equally difficult to manage or limit.

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less willing to accept the economic damages of their behaviors, as wild boar are seen as pests. This media tone impacts management policy, with every 10 negative articles increasing wild boar policy activity by 6.7%. Contrary to this portrayal, wild boar, when managed well within their natural environments, can be a crucial part of forest ecosystems.

3748:, pure wild boars were not introduced into the New World until the 19th century. The suids were released into the wild by wealthy landowners as big game animals. The initial introductions took place in fenced enclosures, though several escapes occurred, with the escapees sometimes intermixing with already established feral pig populations. 4492:(猪). Boars are also seen as symbols of fertility and prosperity; in some regions, it is thought that boars are drawn to fields owned by families including pregnant women, and hunters with pregnant wives are thought to have greater chances of success when boar hunting. The animal's link to prosperity was illustrated by its inclusion on the 3736:. In some jurisdictions, it is illegal to import, breed, release, possess, sell, distribute, trade, transport, hunt, or trap Eurasian boars. Hunting and trapping is done systematically, to increase the chance of eradication and to remove the incentive to illegally release boars, which have mostly been spread deliberately by sport hunters. 2490:: Grunting noises which differ in intensity according to the situation. Adult males are usually silent, while females frequently grunt and piglets whine. When feeding, boars express their contentment through purring. Studies have shown that piglets imitate the sounds of their mother, thus different litters may have unique vocalisations. 4632:. Boar hunting became particularly popular among the young nobility during the 3rd century BC as preparation for manhood and battle. A typical Roman boar hunting tactic involved surrounding a given area with large nets, then flushing the boar with dogs and immobilizing it with smaller nets. The animal would then be dispatched with a 2438:, males average 75–100 kg (165–220 lb) in weight, 75–80 cm (30–31 in) in shoulder height and 150 cm (59 in) in body length, whereas females average 60–80 kg (130–180 lb) in weight, 70 cm (28 in) in shoulder height and 140 cm (55 in) in body length. In Europe's 4871:, Japan in 1749, where 3,000 people died of what became known as the "wild boar famine". Still, within Japanese culture, the boar's status as vermin is expressed through its title as "king of pests" and the popular saying (addressed to young men in rural areas) "When you get married, choose a place with no wild boar." 3767:. Several of these boars escaped, though they were quickly hunted down by locals. Two further introductions were made from the original stocking, with several escapes taking place due to breaches in the game preserve's fencing. These escapees have ranged widely, with some specimens having been observed crossing into 9189: 2813:. These resting places are occupied by whole families (though males lie separately) and are often located in the vicinity of streams, in swamp forests and in tall grass or shrub thickets. Boars never defecate in their shelters and will cover themselves with soil and pine needles when irritated by insects. 2446:, males average 110–130 kg (240–290 lb) in weight, 95 cm (37 in) in shoulder height and 160 cm (63 in) in body length, while females weigh 95 kg (209 lb), reach 85–90 cm (33–35 in) in shoulder height, and reach 145 cm (57 in) in body length. In 4258:, where the animal is explicitly linked to the month of October, therefore autumn. This association likely arose from aspects of the boar's actual nature. Its dark colour was linked to the night, while its solitary habits, proclivity to consume crops and nocturnal nature were associated with evil. The 4941:

According to a study, wild boars are causing soil disturbance that, among other problems, globally results in annual carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to that of ~1.1 million passenger vehicles (4.9 Mt, 0.01% of all GHG emissions as of 2022), implying that as of 2021 hunted boar meat – unlike other

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was killed by one). A 2012 study compiling recorded attacks from 1825 to 2012 found accounts of 665 human victims of both wild boars and feral pigs, with the majority (19%) of attacks in the animal's native range occurring in India. Most of the attacks occurred in rural areas during the winter months

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to be a more noble and worthy quarry. The post-Roman nobility hunted boar as their predecessors did, but primarily as training for battle rather than sport. It was not uncommon for medieval hunters to deliberately hunt boars during the breeding season when the animals were more aggressive. During the

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The winter coat consists of long, coarse bristles underlaid with short brown downy fur. The length of these bristles varies along the body, with the shortest being around the face and limbs and the longest running along the back. These back bristles form the aforementioned mane prominent in males and

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The boars cause many habitats to become less diverse because of their feeding behaviors and predation. Wild boars will dig up eggs of species and eat them, as well as killing other wildlife for food. When these boars compete with other species for resources, they usually come out successful. A study

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In recent centuries, the range of wild boar has changed dramatically, largely due to hunting by humans and more recently because of captive wild boar escaping into the wild. Prior to the 20th century, boar populations had declined in numerous areas, with British populations probably becoming extinct

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Newborn piglets weigh around 600–1,000 grams, lacking underfur and bearing a single milk incisor and canine on each half of the jaw. There is intense competition between the piglets over the most milk-rich nipples, as the best-fed young grow faster and have stronger constitutions. The piglets do not

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varies according to the age of the expecting mother. For first-time breeders, it lasts 114–130 days, while it lasts 133–140 days in older sows. Farrowing occurs between March and May, with litter sizes depending on the age and nutrition of the mother. The average litter consists of 4–6 piglets, with

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evidence from sub-fossil remains of teeth and jawbones of Neolithic pigs shows that the first domestic pigs in Europe had been brought from the Near East. This stimulated the domestication of local European wild boars, resulting in a third domestication event with the Near Eastern genes dying out in

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I was prompted to write this article by an item I heard on the BBC's Farming Today programme at the beginning of the week. It was an interview with Ralph Harmer, who works for the Forestry Commission, about whether or not the returning boars are damaging our woodlands. I was struck by what the item

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area. They can be killed there legally without a license and are culled by land managers as wild populations appear occasionally. As of 2024, an agency that advises the Scottish government estimates that Scotland is home to a few thousand wild boars. Locals around Loch Ness that were interviewed by

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Population estimates for the Forest of Dean are disputed as, at the time that the DEFRA population estimate was 100, a photo of a boar sounder in the forest near Staunton with over 33 animals visible was published and at about the same time over 30 boar were seen in a field near the original escape

3236:) are predators of wild boar in the Caucasus (particularly Transcaucasia), the Russian Far East, India, China and Iran. In most areas, boars constitute only a small part of the leopard's diet. However, in Iran's Sarigol National Park, boars are the second most frequently targeted prey species after 4921:

Managing wild boar is a pressing task in both native and invasive contexts as they can be disruptive to other systems when not addressed. Wild boar find their success through adaptation of daily patterns to circumvent threats. They avoid human contact through nocturnal lifestyles, despite the fact

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A 2023 study found that allowing wild pigs to forage on edible garbage in large regional landfills results in those animals getting physically large/heavier, having larger litters of piglets, and causing more wild pig-vehicle collisions in the vicinity of the landfill. The effects of letting these

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under control. The growth of urban areas and the corresponding decline in natural boar habitats has led to some sounders entering human habitations in search of food. As in natural conditions, sounders in peri-urban areas are matriarchal, though males tend to be much less represented and adults of

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double in size and the glands secrete a foamy yellowish liquid. Once ready to reproduce, males travel long distances in search of a sounder of sows, eating little on the way. Once a sounder has been located, the male drives off all young animals and persistently chases the sows. At this point, the

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The wild boar is a bulky, massively built suid with short and relatively thin legs. The trunk is short and robust, while the hindquarters are comparatively underdeveloped. The region behind the shoulder blades rises into a hump and the neck is short and thick to the point of being nearly immobile.

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Within Central Europe, the native habitat of the wild boar, there has been a push to re-evaluate interactions between wild boar and humans, with the priority of fostering positive engagement. Negative media and public perception of wild boar as "crop raiders" have made those living alongside them

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In Central Europe, farmers typically repel boars through distraction or fright, while in Kazakhstan it is usual to employ guard dogs in plantations. However, research shows that when compared with other mitigation tactics, hunting is the only strategy to significantly reduce crop damage by boars.

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usually first occurs after two years in sows, while males begin participating in the rut after 4–5 years, as they are not permitted to mate by the older males. The maximum lifespan in the wild is 10–14 years, though few specimens survive past 4–5 years. Boars in captivity have lived for 20 years.

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Wild boars negatively impact other habitats through the destruction of the environment, or homes of wildlife. When wild boars invade new areas, they adapt to the new area by trampling and rooting, as well as displacing many saplings/nutrients. This causes a decrease in growing of many plants and

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sounders consisting of barren sows and mothers with young led by an old matriarch. Male boars leave their sounder at the age of 8–15 months, while females either remain with their mothers or establish new territories nearby. Subadult males may live in loosely knit groups, while adult and elderly

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is very pronounced in the species, with males being typically 5–10% larger and 20–30% heavier than females. Males also sport a mane running down the back, which is particularly apparent during autumn and winter. The canine teeth are also much more prominent in males and grow throughout life. The

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in the Americas, having been introduced by European explorers and settlers in the 16th century to serve as a source of food. Wild boars now cause problems including out-competing native species for food, destroying the nests of ground-nesting species, killing fawns and young domestic livestock,

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have been recorded to weigh 300–350 kg (660–770 lb) and measure 125 cm (49 in) in shoulder height. Adults of this size are generally immune from wolf predation. Such giants are rare in modern times, as past overhunting has prevented animals from attaining their full growth.

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Defining the limits of proper management is difficult, but the exclusion of wild boar from rare environments is generally agreed upon, as when not properly managed, they can damage agricultural ventures and harm vulnerable plant life. These damages are estimated at $ 800 million yearly in

2790:, the boar mostly inhabits savanna or open monsoon forests, avoiding heavily forested areas unless pursued by humans. Wild boar are known to be competent swimmers, capable of covering long distances. In 2013, one boar was reported to have completed the 11-kilometre (7 mi) swim from 4884:

pigs scavenge in these landfills can present unique challenges to population management, control, public safety, and disease transmission. Wild pigs foraging on edible food waste in landfills has also been identified as a vector that facilitates the spread of African swine fever virus.

2406:, which may be 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) thick, extending from the shoulder blades to the rump, thus protecting vital organs during fights. Males sport a roughly chicken egg–sized sac of unclear function near the opening of the penis that collects urine and emits a sharp odour. 4788: 2395:, which protrude from the mouths of adult males. The medial hooves are larger and more elongated than the lateral ones and are capable of quick movements. The animal can run at a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) and jump at a height of 140–150 cm (55–59 in). 2402:

upper canines are relatively short and grow sideways early in life, though they gradually curve upwards. The lower canines are much sharper and longer, with the exposed parts measuring 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in) in length. In the breeding period, males develop a coating of

9926:, Report prepared by Ruth Carden for the Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Northern Ireland, UK, National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland and the National Museum of Ireland – Education & Outreach Department. 2979:, bulbs, meadow herb roots and bulbs and the bulbs of cultivated crops. Such food is favoured in early spring and summer, but may also be eaten in autumn and winter during beechnut and acorn crop failures. Should regular wild foods become scarce, boars will eat tree bark and 4730:. Most meat-dressing organizations agree that a boar carcass should yield 50 kg (110 lb) of meat on average. Large specimens can yield 15–20 kg (33–44 lb) of fat, with some giants yielding 30 kg (66 lb) or more. A boar hide can measure 3 9153: 4717:

celebrations among the nobility. Although growing in popularity as a captive-bred source of food, the wild boar takes longer to mature than most domestic pigs and it is usually smaller and produces less meat. Nevertheless, wild boar meat is leaner and healthier than

3527:. In the 1970s they again occurred in Denmark and Sweden, where captive animals escaped and now survive in the wild. In England, wild boar populations re-established themselves in the 1990s, after escaping from specialist farms that had imported European stock. 2479:

and Ussuriland can be black. Some subspecies sport a light-coloured patch running backward from the corners of the mouth. Coat colour also varies with age, with piglets having light brown or rusty-brown fur with pale bands extending from the flanks and back.

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and Białowieża Forest were let loose. In recent years, wild pig populations have been reported in 44 states within the US, most of which are likely wild boar–feral hog hybrids. Pure wild boar populations may still be present, but are extremely localized.

3647:, Wales. Iolo Williams, the BBC Wales wildlife expert, attempted to film Welsh boar in late 2012. Many other sightings, across the UK, have also been reported. The effects of wild boar on the U.K.'s woodlands were discussed with Ralph Harmer of the 9781:

O’Bryan, Christopher J.; Patton, Nicholas R.; Hone, Jim; Lewis, Jesse S.; Berdejo-Espinola, Violeta; Risch, Derek R.; Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2021). "Unrecognized threat to global soil carbon by a widespread invasive species".

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destroying agricultural crops, eating tree seeds and seedlings, destroying native vegetation and wetlands through wallowing, damaging water quality, coming into violent conflict with humans and pets and carrying pig and human diseases including

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is fully formed by 1–2 years. With the exception of the canines in males, the teeth stop growing during the middle of the fourth year. The canines in old males continue to grow throughout their lives, curving strongly as they age. Sows attain

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season from November to January, in agricultural areas bordering forests or on paths leading through forests. The animal typically attacks by charging and pointing its tusks towards the intended victim, with most injuries occurring on the

3495:, the last boar was shot at the beginning of the 19th century, and by 1900 they were absent in Tunisia and Sudan and large areas of Germany, Austria and Italy. In Russia, they were extirpated in wide areas by the 1930s. The last boar in 3244:), though adult individuals are generally avoided, as they are above the leopard's preferred weight range of 10–40 kg (22–88 lb). This dependence on wild boar is largely due in part to the local leopard subspecies' large size. 2433:

Adult size and weight is largely determined by environmental factors; boars living in arid areas with little productivity tend to attain smaller sizes than their counterparts inhabiting areas with abundant food and water. In most of

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period, primarily through the use of dogs and beats. In Nepal, farmers and poachers eliminate boars by baiting balls of wheat flour containing explosives with kerosene oil, with the animals' chewing motions triggering the devices.

2700:. In order to survive in a given area, wild boars require a habitat fulfilling three conditions: heavily brushed areas providing shelter from predators, water for drinking and bathing purposes and an absence of regular snowfall. 4862:

for example, 34–47% of the local boar population will enter fields in years of moderate availability of natural foods. While the role of boars in damaging crops is often exaggerated, cases are known of boar depredations causing

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male fiercely fights potential rivals. A single male can mate with 5–10 sows. By the end of the rut, males are often badly mauled and have lost 20% of their body weight, with bite-induced injuries to the penis being common. The

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LINNÉ, C., GMELIN, J. F. Caroli a Linné ... Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis Tomus 1. Lipsiae impensis G. E. Beer. 1788. p.

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Sillitoe, P (2007) Pigs in the New Guinea Highlands: An ethnographic example. In: Albarella A, Dobney K, Ervynck A, et al. (eds) Pigs and Humans: 10,000 Years of Interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 330–356, p.

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tribe, the wild boar was associated with the watery underworld, as it was thought that the spirits of the dead entered the animal's head, to be ultimately transported to the water. Prior to the conversion to Islam, the

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In Scotland, wild boar are professionally referred to as 'feral pigs' as the genetics of the established feral populations may come from a mix of both wild boar and domestic pigs. They are now known to be present in

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of food per day, though this required amount increases during winter and pregnancy, with the majority of its diet consisting of food items dug from the ground, like underground plant material and burrowing animals.

2323:. Those animals must have been introduced from the mainland, which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then. There was also a separate domestication in China, which took place about 8,000 years ago. 448: 8315: 4942:

meat products – has beneficial effects on the environment even though the effect would diminish if boars are introduced for meat production and consistently retaining small populations of boars may be preferable.

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both sexes can be up to 35% heavier than their forest-dwelling counterparts. As of 2010, at least 44 cities in 15 countries have experienced problems of some kind relating to the presence of habituated wild boar.

3793:, Graham County. Most of the specimens remained in the preserve for the next decade, until a large-scale hunt caused the remaining animals to break through their confines and escape. Some of the boars migrated to 9919: 6946:

Drabeck, D.H.; Dean, A.M.; Jansa, S.A. (1 June 2015). "Why the honey badger don't care: Convergent evolution of venom-targeted nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammals that survive venomous snake bites".

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period in most areas lasts from November to January, though most mating only lasts a month and a half. Prior to mating, the males develop their subcutaneous armour in preparation for confronting rivals. The

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A revival of boar populations began in the middle of the 20th century. By 1950, wild boar had once again reached their original northern boundary in many parts of their Asiatic range. By 1960, they reached

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Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica : sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico, et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum

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being said to embody the boar-like traits of determination and impetuosity. Among Japanese hunters, the boar's courage and defiance is a source of admiration and it is not uncommon for hunters and

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forests and undergrowths being of secondary importance. Forests made up entirely of oak groves and beeches are used only during the fruit-bearing season. This is in contrast to the Caucasian and

2442:, males may reach average weights as low as 50 kg (110 lb) and females 45 kg (99 lb), with shoulder heights of 63–65 cm (25–26 in). In the more productive areas of 7185:

Tierney, Trisha A.; Cushman, J. Hall (12 May 2006). "Temporal Changes in Native and Exotic Vegetation and Soil Characteristics following Disturbances by Feral Pigs in a California Grassland".

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A small, short-faced and sparsely furred subspecies with a white band on the muzzle; it might be a separate species and shows some similarities with some other suid species in Southeast Asia.

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involved the character being the son of a boar god. Nevertheless, the importance of the boar as a culinary item among Celtic tribes may have been exaggerated in popular culture by the

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region. Once the initial attack is over, the boar steps back, takes position and attacks again if the victim is still moving, only ending once the victim is completely incapacitated.

6213:. Technical bulletin (Australian National University. Dept. of Prehistory). Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. p. 66. 4274:, representing gallant losers who have finally met their match, as opposed to victorious hunters as lions are. The theme of the doomed, yet valorous boar warrior also occurred in 8261: 2151:

The largest subspecies, it has usually dark hair and a white band extending from the corners of the mouth to the ears. The lacrimal bones are shortened, but longer than those of

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length. The species lives in matriarchal societies consisting of interrelated females and their young (both male and female). Fully grown males are usually solitary outside the

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A light coloured subspecies with black legs which, though varied in size, is generally quite large, the lacrimal bones and facial region of the skull are shorter than those of

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Basin, being managed in the wild in a way similar to the way they are managed by some modern New Guineans. Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400 BCE in

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series, as wild boar bones are rare among Celtic archaeological sites and the few that do occur show no signs of butchery, having probably been used in sacrificial rituals.

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people, many of which saw the animal as embodying warrior virtues. Cultures throughout Europe and Asia Minor saw the killing of a boar as proof of one's valor and strength.

1068:, it is characterised by its sparse body hair, lack of underwool, fairly long mane, a broad reddish band extending from the muzzle to the sides of the neck. It is the most 9375: 8440: 3563: 3438:

reports of wild boar. The southern boundaries in Europe and Asia were almost invariably identical to the seashores of these continents. It is absent in the dry regions of

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at the base of the blade. More than their Greek predecessors, the Romans extensively took inspiration from boar hunting in their art and sculpture. With the ascension of

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devotes a whole chapter to the cooking of boar meat, providing 10 recipes involving roasting, boiling and what sauces to use. The Romans usually served boar meat with

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The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with Its Organization: Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia, as arranged ... by Cuvier and other naturalists 1827

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during prehistory because no prehistoric wild boar bones had been found within the borders of the country. It was not until 2013, when a wild boar bone was found in

6085:. Vol. I. Sistens quadrupedia huc usque nota, eorumque varietates : ad ductum naturae, quantum fieri potuit disposita. Roterodami: C.R. Hake. p. 157. 3192:) is the main predator of wild boar throughout most of its range. A single wolf can kill around 50 to 80 boars of differing ages in one year. In Italy and Belarus' 650:

is sometimes used specifically to refer to males, and may also be used to refer to male domesticated pigs, especially breeding males that have not been castrated.

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Wild boar can thrive in captivity, though piglets grow slowly and poorly without their mothers. Products derived from wild boar include meat, hide and bristles.

4238:, the boar represented spiritual authority. Several Greek myths use the boar as a symbol of darkness, death and winter. One example is the story of the youthful 895:, and subsequently spread onto mainland Eurasia and North Africa. The earliest fossil finds of the species come from both Europe and Asia, and date back to the 4892:

Actual attacks on humans are rare, but can be serious, resulting in penetrating injuries to the lower part of the body. They generally occur during the boars'

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region, it has dark brown, almost black hair and a light grey patch extending from the cheeks to the ears. The skull is squarish and the lacrimal bones short.

9088: 3491:, that the species was found to have lived in Finland more than 8,000 years ago. It is believed, however, that man prevented its establishment by hunting. In 2612:

Piglet standing in grass. All wild boar piglets are dark brown with pale longitudinal stripes. After three to four months, these stripes disappear completely.

2117: 641: 7049: 4014:, which are consumed by boars through earthworms and cause death by parasitising the lungs. Wild boar also carry parasites known to infect humans, including 9986: 8288: 8144: 7776: 8338: 4004:

Wild boars are known to host at least 20 different parasitic worm species, with maximum infections occurring in summer. Young animals are vulnerable to

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for human handouts. There is also at least one recorded case of a group of wild boar attacking, killing, and eating an adult, healthy female axis deer (

6814: 4328:, where it was believed to offer protection to the wearer and has been theorised to have been used in spiritual transformations into swine, similar to 3567: 3923:, the creation of wild boar and hybrids started on a large scale in the mid-1990s. With the invasion of wild boar that crossed the border and entered 10382: 7909: 8216: 2971:

necessary for the buildup of fat reserves needed to survive lean periods. In Western Europe, underground plant material favoured by boars includes

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in a nest constructed from twigs, grasses and leaves. Should the mother die prematurely, the piglets are adopted by the other sows in the sounder.

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During the mid-20th century, 7,000–8,000 boars were caught in the Caucasus, 6,000–7,000 in Kazakhstan and about 5,000 in Central Asia during the

1878: 9241: 7322: 6045: 5706: 4755: 4740: 3809:. These hybrid boar were later used as breeding stock on various private and public lands throughout the state, as well as in other states like 10725: 7888: 6281:(2008). "Current views on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Sus". In Albarella, U.; Dobney, K.; Ervynck, A.; Rowley-Conwy, P. (eds.). 6010: 4875:

Although large boar populations can play an important role in limiting forest growth, they are also useful in keeping pest populations such as

8668: 5981: 5946: 15786: 15660: 15608: 5732: 3585:

Another DEFRA report, in February 2008, confirmed the existence of these two sites as 'established breeding areas' and identified a third in

7841: 15776: 9266:

Mayer, John; Edwards, Thomas; Garabedian, James; Kilgo, John (2021). "Sanitary waste landfill effects on an invasive wild pig population".

7867: 4680:

reduced boar numbers, boar hunting became the sole prerogative of the nobility, one of many charges brought up against the rich during the

10102: 8770: 8163: 3852:, Texas, in 1939. These specimens escaped and established themselves in surrounding ranchlands and coastal areas, with some crossing the 3006:

in Java differ from most other populations by their primarily frugivorous diet, which consists of 50 different fruit species, especially

1819: 1050:. These subspecies are characterised by a whitish streak extending from the corners of the mouth to the lower jaw. With the exception of 9060: 8865: 8373: 10036: 8691: 8253: 3875:

in the 1940s, only to escape during a storm and hybridize with local feral pig populations, later spreading into neighboring counties.

2454:, the largest males weigh 200 kg (440 lb) and females 120 kg (260 lb). In Northeastern Asia, large males can reach 7137: 5673: 4558:, Scottish and Welsh heraldry displays the boar's head with the neck cropped, unlike the English version, which retains the neck. The 2458:-like sizes, weighing 270 kg (600 lb) and measuring 110–118 cm (43–46 in) in shoulder height. Some adult males in 7288: 3692:

believed that the boars were becoming an increasingly worse problem, and farmers noted that they had killed and eaten several lambs.

3278:, a tiger can kill 30–34 boars a year. Studies of tigers in India indicate that boars are usually secondary in preference to various 9414: 7230:"Twelve years of repeated wild hog activity promotes population maintenance of an invasive clonal plant in a coastal dune ecosystem" 1768: 15530: 9109:

Walker, Brett L. (2010). "Commercial Growth and Environmental Change in Early Modern Japan: Hachinohe's Wild Boar Famine of 1749".

7587: 6668: 6596: 6379: 4773: 3744:

While domestic pigs, both captive and feral (popularly termed "razorbacks"), have been in North America since the earliest days of

9442: 9318: 3797:, where they intermixed with both free-ranging and feral pigs in the area. In 1924, a dozen Hooper Bald wild pigs were shipped to 15582: 10739: 6233:

LYDEKKER, R. Catalogue of the Ungulate Mammals in the British Museum vol. 4. London: Trustees of the British Museum. 1915. p. 330

4358:

featured boars on their helmets and may have also worn boar masks. The boar and pig were held in particularly high esteem by the

8432: 2779:, while in spring they migrate to open deserts; boar have also colonized deserts in several areas they have been introduced to. 10942: 7163: 5548:

Ecology of Ungulates: A Handbook of Species in North, Central, and South America, Eastern Europe and Northern and Central Asia

15626: 10013: 9884: 9846: 8875: 8764: 7450:

Sharbafi, Elmira; Farhadinia, Mohammad S.; Rezaie, Hamid R.; Braczkowski, Alex Richard (2016). "Prey of the Persian Leopard (

7121: 6290: 6218: 6120: 5890: 5774: 5643: 5186: 3745: 3570:) study on wild boar living wild in Britain confirmed the presence of two populations of wild boar living in Britain; one in 15587: 8049: 7997:"Preliminary assessment completed in 2015 of the feasibility of maintaining, limiting or eradicating feral pigs in Scotland" 7621: 6443: 15816: 9865: 9649:

Gray, Steven M.; Roloff, Gary J.; Kramer, Daniel B.; Etter, Dwayne R.; Vercauteren, Kurt C.; Montgomery, Robert A. (2020).

7824: 7672: 5613: 5551: 5424: 5386: 3204:) may also prey on boars, to the point of keeping their numbers down in northwestern Bhutan, despite there being many more 2712: 1887:

There are significant variations within this subspecies and it is possible there are actually several subspecies involved.

8395: 6616:

Larson, G; Albarella, U; Dobney, K; Rowley-Conwy, P; Schibler, J; Tresset, A; Vigne, JD; Edwards, CJ; et al. (2007).

4734:(4,700 sq in) and can yield 350–1,000 grams (12–35 oz) of bristle and 400 grams (14 oz) of underwool. 1072:

of the four groups, having the smallest relative brain size, more primitive dentition and unspecialised cranial structure.

10589: 6144:"The pigs of Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific : new evidence for taxonomic status and human-mediated dispersal" 3631:. These are considered as an additional single 'new breeding population' and currently estimated to be up to 100 animals. 3623:

Since winter 2005–2006 significant escapes/releases have also resulted in animals colonizing areas around the fringes of

3193: 1365: 870: 7961: 2608: 15811: 8501: 8462: 7573:"Food habits of Amur tigers in the Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik and the Russian Far East, and implications for conservation" 3927:

around 1989, and the escape and intentional release by several Brazilian breeders in the late 1990s – in response to a

3779: 2648: 15727: 8653: 8107: 4904:

Boar attacks on humans have been documented throughout history. The Romans and Ancient Greeks wrote of these attacks (

4842:

in situations where their natural habitat is sparse. Populations living on the outskirts of towns or farms can dig up

3789:

in 1912, when 13 boars of undetermined European origin were released into two fenced enclosures in a game preserve in

1012:. These subspecies have sparse or absent underwool, with long manes and prominent bands on the snout and mouth. While 9955: 9073: 9044: 9012: 8977: 8926: 8906: 8848: 8733: 8620: 7747: 7703: 7651: 7615: 6427: 6251: 5852: 5829: 5794: 5593: 5559: 5367: 5331: 4648:, boar hunting took on Christian allegorical themes, with the animal being portrayed as a "black beast" analogous to 4278:

culture, where it was traditional to sacrifice a boar alongside a dog and a prisoner of war after a military defeat.

15509: 5868: 5164: 4616:

Humans have been hunting boar for millennia, the earliest artistic depictions of such activities dating back to the

15735: 15543: 9085: 6174: 4660: 3944: 2534: 8188: 7045: 6575: 6009:. Vol. Das Pferd. Der Elephant. Das Nashorn. Das Flusspferd. Der Tapir. Das Schwein. p. 426, plate 322. 15665: 15522: 10808: 8141: 7780: 3546:

By the 11th century, wild boars were apparently already becoming rare in Britain. A 1087 forestry law enacted by

242: 9169: 7935: 4472:, the boar is widely seen as a fearsome and reckless animal, to the point that several words and expressions in 2621:

period lasts 2.5–3.5 months, the piglets begin displaying adult feeding behaviours at the age of 2–3 weeks. The

10854: 10163: 9979: 9941: 7527: 7286:

A wild boar hunting: predation on a bonnet macaque by a wild boar in the Bandipur National Park, southern India

4084:

being recorded in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Belarus, the Caucasus, the Far East, Kazakhstan and other regions.

3764: 3378:, sometimes swimming between islands. The reconstructed northern boundary of the animal's Asian range ran from 2747:

mountain areas, where boars will occupy such fruit-bearing forests year-round. In the mountainous areas of the

9599:"Determinants of invasive species policy: Print media and agriculture determine U.S. invasive wild pig policy" 15806: 15753: 15647: 11294: 3617:

The largest population, in Kent/East Sussex, was then estimated at 200 animals in the core distribution area.

2653: 9217:) habituation to urban areas in the Collserola Natural Park (Barcelona) and comparison with other locations" 6806: 12083: 10829: 9459:

Johann, Franz; Handschuh, Markus; Linderoth, Peter; Dormann, Carsten F.; Arnold, Janosch (9 January 2020).

8257: 8011: 7905: 4893: 3837: 3504: 3286:, though when boars are targeted, healthy adults are caught more frequently than young and sick specimens. 657: 8954: 4088:

can also take on epidemic proportions in boar populations. The species occasionally, but rarely contracts

615:, the same terms are often used for both true wild boar and pigs, especially large or semi-wild ones. The 15621: 15452: 15429: 8756: 6100:. Vol. 3. Säugethiere. Dresden, Leipzig: Expedition der vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. 37. 5765:

Ruvinsky, A. et al. (2011). "Systematics and evolution of the pig". In: Ruvinsky A, Rothschild MF (eds),

5585: 5335: 5218:. In Cuvier, G.; Griffith, E.; Smith, C.H.; Pidgeon, E.; Gray, J.E.; Latreille, P.A.; Gray, G.R. (eds.). 4649: 15457: 10094: 7359:

Thinley, P; Kamler, JF; Wang, SW; Lham, K; Stenkewitz, U; et al. (2011). "Seasonal diet of dholes (

5317: 4500:

and it was once believed that a man could become wealthy by keeping a clump of boar hair in his wallet.

3471:

during the 13th century. In the warm period after the ice age, wild boar lived in the southern parts of

15796: 11363: 10935: 10058:

Jokelainen, P.; Näreaho, A.; Hälli, O.; Heinonen, M.; Sukura, A. (2012). "Farmed wild boars exposed to

9704:

Beasley, James C.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.; Mayer, John J.; Smith, Mark D.; Vercauteren, Kurt C. (2018).

8939: 7531: 6358: 6078: 5915: 5211: 3900: 3806: 2708: 1426: 35: 17: 15740: 10049: 9751: 8073: 7803: 7490: 7391: 6307: 3895: 3861: 1785:, largely due to the two being kept together in meat farms and artificial introductions by hunters of 15791: 15675: 14340: 11285: 11276: 10815: 9212: 7310: 6033: 5696: 4300: 3802: 3775: 3110: 3003: 2767:, boars are restricted to river valleys with nut pine and shrubs. Boars are regularly encountered in 2342:), also known as the Indochinese warty pig or Vietnam warty pig, was an alleged pig species found in 1524:

and its ears smaller and more pointed. The plane of the forehead is straight, while it is concave in

1123:

A medium-sized, dark to rusty brown-haired subspecies with long and relatively narrow lacrimal bones

845: 10043: 8191:"Current distribution of invasive feral pigs in Brazil: economic impacts and ecological uncertainty" 8189:

Felipe Pedrosaa, Rafael Salernob, Fabio Vinicius Borges Padilhac and Mauro Galetti (13 March 2015).

7501:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 174–185. 7402:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 248–252. 6004: 504:. The species is now one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widespread 15801: 14127: 10613: 10315: 8676: 5969: 5938: 5107: 3011: 919:

throughout the Eurasian mainland, restricting it to insular Asia. Its closest wild relative is the

516:

due to its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability to a diversity of habitats. It has become an

70: 15639: 5728: 3535: 14776: 14169: 12065: 11206: 10875: 10732: 7863: 7837: 6754:

Robins, Judith H.; Ross, Howard A.; Allen, Melinda S.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (12 April 2006).

6444:

Hallan Çemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey)

6400:. "Commercial Farming of Collared Peccary: A Large-scale Commercial Farming of Collared Peccary ( 5864: 5160: 4681: 4519:

mythology, the forefathers of the Buryats descended from heaven and were nourished by a boar. In

4185: 3073:

and near some lakes and rivers of Kazakhstan have been recorded to feed extensively on fish like

2992: 2426: 636: 357: 326: 15714: 14289: 11725: 6117:

Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wiss. Mathematisch-naturwissenschafltichen Klasse

4137:, Spain. This is a modern interpretation of one of the earliest known depictions of the species. 3774:

In 1902, 15–20 wild boar from Germany were released into a 3,200-hectare (7,900-acre) estate in

2213: 259:

Reconstructed native range of wild boar (green) and introduced populations (blue) except in the

127: 15574: 15369: 11827: 11533: 11452: 10880: 10752: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10584: 9901: 5943:

Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London

4859: 4567: 4095: 4085: 3174: 3102: 2732: 2518:

is very well developed to the point that the animal is used for drug detection in Germany. Its

8750: 8167: 1435:

A large-sized subspecies with long lacrimal bones and dark hair, though lighter-coloured than

656:, the traditional name for a female, again comes from Old English and Germanic; it stems from 15709: 14977: 14007: 12232: 11461: 11345: 10928: 10662: 10619: 10275: 9705: 9650: 9531:"Behavioral state resource selection in invasive wild pigs in the Southeastern United States" 9057: 8881: 8365: 4645: 4321: 4320:, with its image having been frequently engraved on shields and swords. They also feature on 4077: 3951:, which, on the other hand, seeks to encourage the preservation of similar species of native 3849: 3674: 3547: 2483:

The wild boar produces a number of different sounds which are divided into three categories:

2421: 1868: 1100: 1069: 222: 79: 31: 15701: 9529:

Clontz, Lindsay M.; Pepin, Kim M.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Beasley, James C. (25 March 2021).

8703: 7133: 935: 15821: 15722: 15600: 15478: 15416: 15407: 15284: 15050: 15041: 14986: 14611: 14575: 14548: 13956: 13947: 13392: 13383: 11749: 11608: 11551: 11497: 10859: 10682: 9717: 9662: 9610: 9542: 9472: 9275: 7241: 7194: 6718: 6632: 6476: 5880: 5665: 5176: 4710: 4340:

and has also been suggested to have been a totemic animal to the Swedes, especially to the

4170: 4022: 3958: 3865: 3814: 3551: 3395: 3106: 3010:, thus making them important seed dispersers. The wild boar can consume numerous genera of 2821: 673: 556: 346: 7285: 6465:"Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago" 4476:

referring to recklessness include references to boars. The boar is the last animal of the

4281: 3935:

species formed a growing population, which progressively advances in Brazilian territory.

3665:

to propose a thorough population study, followed by the introduction of permit-controlled

2572: 1832:. The fur is dull olive-fawn, the underwool is sparse and individuals mostly lack a mane. 947:

As of 2005, 16 subspecies are recognised, which are divided into four regional groupings:

8: 15781: 15230: 14932: 14923: 14671: 14539: 14512: 14448: 14109: 13989: 13938: 11617: 11524: 11115: 10561: 10471: 10387: 10115: 5504:

Kurtén, Björn (1968). Pleistocene mammals of Europe. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 153–155

4325: 4211: 4166: 3997: 3833: 3648: 3415: 3135: 2972: 2664:

Wild boars frequently wallow in mud, possibly to regulate temperature or remove parasites

2496:: Warning cries emitted in response to threats. When frightened, boars make loud huffing 2403: 2308: 2226: 1108: 920: 588: 539:

are recognized, which are divided into four regional groupings based on skull height and

92: 9721: 9666: 9614: 9546: 9476: 9279: 7245: 7198: 6722: 6636: 6617: 6593: 6527:"The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression" 6480: 15317: 15308: 14680: 14620: 14602: 14584: 14530: 14503: 14494: 14118: 14100: 14034: 13727: 13453: 12930: 12921: 12640: 12074: 11542: 11354: 11336: 11215: 10890: 10757: 10697: 10690: 10255: 10156: 9987:

Annotated Bibliography of the Wild Pig (Sus scrofa): Environmental Information Document

9815: 9686: 9628: 9571: 9530: 9503: 9460: 9406: 9299: 9181: 9134: 9126: 8821: 8597: 8555: 8524: 7553: 7471: 7262: 7229: 7210: 7022: 6995: 6787: 6736: 6655: 6551: 6526: 6499: 6464: 6166: 5479: 5450: 4858:. However, they generally only encroach upon farms when natural food is scarce. In the 4571: 4255: 3943:

As a form of control for the wild boar population, hunting and killing are allowed for

3853: 3709: 3688: 3678: 2304: 2022: 1603: 1355: 720:

In hunting terminology, boars are given different designations according to their age:

288: 268: 122: 10109: 9439: 5010:

It is from the male boar's solitary habits that the species gets its name in numerous

2283: 887:

studies indicate that the wild boar originated from islands in Southeast Asia such as

15696: 15465: 14950: 14941: 14629: 14557: 14485: 14316: 14298: 14151: 13101: 12496: 12487: 12339: 12241: 12020: 11987: 11930: 11800: 11327: 11188: 10822: 10544: 10421: 10332: 10083: 10019: 10009: 9975: 9951: 9937: 9880: 9861: 9842: 9819: 9807: 9799: 9733: 9690: 9678: 9632: 9576: 9558: 9508: 9490: 9398: 9341: 9303: 9291: 9173: 9069: 9040: 9008: 9005:

Mammals of Nepal: (with reference to those of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Pakistan)

8973: 8922: 8902: 8871: 8844: 8825: 8760: 8729: 8645: 8616: 8560: 8336: 8231: 8210: 7743: 7699: 7647: 7611: 7545: 7267: 7117: 7027: 6964: 6837: 6779: 6660: 6556: 6504: 6423: 6286: 6247: 6214: 5896: 5886: 5848: 5825: 5790: 5770: 5589: 5555: 5484: 5363: 5192: 5182: 5084: 4991: 4868: 4723: 4685: 4629: 4617: 4539: 4531: 4473: 4333: 4127: 4067: 4040: 3924: 3559: 3267: 2964: 2736: 2553: 2471:

stand erect when the animal is agitated. Colour is highly variable; specimens around

2398: 2300: 1726: 896: 525: 10136: 9185: 9138: 7557: 7475: 7214: 7159: 6170: 4438: 4270:

killed a boar. Boars were frequently depicted on Greek funerary monuments alongside

4234:

by the scars inflicted on him by a boar during a hunt in his youth. To the mythical

3274:), with the two species collectively comprising roughly 80% of the felid's prey. In 15470: 15421: 15344: 15098: 15089: 14968: 14809: 14800: 14593: 14265: 14256: 14204: 14195: 14043: 14016: 13929: 13709: 13317: 12743: 12734: 12724: 12697: 12418: 12287: 11488: 11479: 11470: 11252: 11243: 11179: 11106: 11097: 10676: 10075: 9791: 9725: 9670: 9618: 9566: 9550: 9498: 9480: 9410: 9390: 9333: 9283: 9231: 9165: 9118: 8550: 8540: 8494:"Feral pigs are ruining ecosystems across 35 states and hunting is making it worse" 7535: 7463: 7430: 7372: 7311:"Predation on chital Axis axis by wild pig Sus scrofa in Bandhavgarh National Park" 7257: 7249: 7202: 7017: 7007: 6956: 6791: 6769: 6760: 6740: 6726: 6650: 6640: 6546: 6538: 6494: 6484: 6389: 6158: 5474: 5466: 5327: 5102: 5034: 5011: 4795: 4555: 4535: 4504: 4469: 4450: 4404: 4317: 4286: 4247: 4215: 4192: 4173: 4134: 4034: 3966: 3882:

were released into the United States. A decade later, more specimens from farms in

3857: 3720: 2995: 2748: 2597: 2414: 2296: 808: 616: 580: 576: 517: 418: 15434: 9917:"Review of the Natural History of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) on the island of Ireland" 8899:

Waiting for Wolves in Japan: An Anthropological Study of People-wildlife Relations

7467: 6960: 6542: 6112: 5635: 2530:

and being unable to recognise a standing human 10–15 metres (33–49 ft) away.

1781:, with a higher and wider skull; since the 1950s, it has crossed extensively with 15683: 15548: 15074: 15065: 15013: 15004: 14785: 13642: 13633: 13110: 12706: 11758: 11668: 11506: 11318: 11197: 11170: 11161: 10784: 10770: 10764: 10571: 10446: 10305: 10300: 10079: 9923: 9446: 9092: 9064: 8148: 8037: 7725: 7605: 7376: 7292: 6600: 6450: 6386: 5025: 4876: 4547: 4507: 4485: 4412: 4392: 4388: 4251: 4223: 4200: 4016: 3879: 3872: 3841: 3586: 3451: 3411: 3290: 2799: 2783: 2652:

An individual from higher ridges of Himalayas at 2,900 m (9,600 ft) in

2627: 2622: 2439: 2238: 1165: 1141: 915: 681: 544: 276: 15652: 15613: 7668: 7454:) in a mixed forest-steppe landscape in northeastern Iran (Mammalia: Felidae)". 5609: 5416: 4834:

An adult sow and young that have broken open a litter bag in Berlin seeking food

4196: 15517: 15504: 15274: 15212: 14842: 14833: 14358: 14307: 14228: 14219: 14160: 13998: 13700: 13522: 13513: 13068: 13035: 13017: 12505: 12315: 12190: 12029: 11017: 10989: 10579: 9554: 9394: 9337: 9154:"Efficacy of Hunting, Feeding, and Fencing to Reduce Crop Damage by Wild Boars" 8232:"Ecology and management of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in South America" 7957: 7698:. Helsingin yliopisto, Maatalous- ja Metsäeläintieteen Laitos. pp. 37–38. 7518: 6625:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6525:

Giuffra, E; Kijas, JM; Amarger, V; Carlborg, O; Jeon, JT; Andersson, L (2000).

6469:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

5015: 4973: 4959: 4621: 4593: 4563: 4543: 4477: 4363: 4150: 4090: 4010: 3818: 3786: 3760: 3700: 3662: 3594: 3511:

with boars of Hungarian stock, but they were quickly exterminated by poachers.

3508: 3427: 3375: 3371: 3355: 3263: 3098: 2893: 2681: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2362:

was not a valid taxon. As of 2022 the Mammal Diversity Database included it in

2355: 2058: 1692: 1667: 1375: 900: 771: 661: 612: 521: 407: 368: 10920: 10126: 10121: 9485: 9461:"Adaptation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) activity in a human-dominated landscape" 9236: 8545: 8152:, Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken, South Carolina, SRNL-RP-2009-00869 7540: 7513: 7206: 6573: 4419:

and is credited with having raised the Earth from the primeval waters. In the

3911:, the European boar is believed to have been introduced for the first time in 3878:

Starting in the mid-1980s, several boars purchased from the San Diego Zoo and

3127: 2882:, which are consumed when ripened and are dug up from the snow when necessary. 703: 630: 403: 15770: 15595: 14899: 14881: 14767: 14704: 14695: 13754: 13489: 13462: 13233: 13143: 13134: 13119: 12984: 12948: 12903: 12840: 12831: 12348: 12306: 12199: 12165: 12155: 12056: 12038: 11701: 11650: 11560: 11124: 10909: 10704: 10600: 10503: 10377: 10367: 10149: 9803: 9737: 9682: 9562: 9494: 9177: 8649: 7549: 6618:"Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe" 6463:

Vigne, JD; Zazzo, A; Saliège, JF; Poplin, F; Guilaine, J; Simmons, A (2009).

5876: 5822:

Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos – 1993 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

5360:

Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos – 1993 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

5172: 5093: 4830: 4818: 4780: 4673: 4512: 4411:, who offered it as a sacrifice to the gods. In the story's retelling in the 4352: 4293: 4130: 4056: 4028: 3908: 3845: 3822: 3756: 3752: 3657: 3644: 3590: 3403: 3391: 3339: 3331: 3302: 3223: 3142: 2889: 2756: 2744: 2472: 2092: 1758: 1714: 1636: 1461: 608: 564: 540: 513: 509: 238: 112: 107: 8493: 7499:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)

7400:

Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)

6645: 6489: 5900: 5196: 2549:, and pigs all have modifications to the receptor pocket which prevents the 2382: 619: 551:

is the wild boar's main predator in most of its natural range except in the

15392: 15293: 15262: 15152: 14824: 14638: 14566: 14439: 14382: 14373: 14091: 14025: 13787: 13745: 13660: 13471: 13191: 13182: 13044: 12975: 12864: 12855: 12597: 12366: 12047: 12002: 11969: 11740: 11632: 11599: 11515: 10549: 10372: 10357: 10087: 10042: 9811: 9580: 9512: 9402: 9345: 8919:

Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities

8637: 8564: 8312:"Ameaça às lavouras, javalis são alvo de caça autorizada no interior de SP" 8099: 7271: 7031: 6968: 6783: 6664: 6560: 6508: 6278: 5488: 5316:

Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988).

4986: 4967: 4731: 4653: 4625: 4583: 4515:

believed that they were descended from boars and thus did not eat pork. In

4497: 4481: 4146: 3778:, New York. Several specimens escaped six years later, dispersing into the 3733: 3323: 3275: 3158: 2968: 2776: 2693: 2542: 2527: 2392: 1172: 940: 572: 497: 493: 307: 10131: 8337:

Bruna de Alencar, Vinicius Galera e Venilson Ferreira (10 February 2016).

7114:

Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence

6162: 2868:, all of which are dug up throughout the year in the animal's whole range. 2354:, until the discovery of a skull from a recently killed individual in the 15634: 15556: 15444: 15401: 14914: 14662: 13824: 13778: 13769: 13718: 13670: 13531: 13373: 12966: 12957: 12785: 12579: 12570: 12560: 12454: 12297: 12107: 12098: 12011: 11854: 11776: 11659: 11584: 11575: 10952: 10791: 10777: 10718: 10669: 10655: 10626: 10508: 10488: 10406: 10395: 10362: 10269: 10227: 10202: 9860:(in Italian). Il Piviere (collana Fauna selvatica. Biologia e gestione). 5451:"Genetic Resources, Genome Mapping and Evolutionary Genomics of the Pig ( 4839: 4669: 4604: 4524: 4374:. It has been suggested that some early myths surrounding the Welsh hero 4259: 4050: 3931:

decision against the import and breeding of wild boar in 1998 – numerous

3826: 3790: 3729: 3725: 3598: 3575: 3520: 3459: 3419: 3407: 3379: 3343: 3070: 3066: 2923: 2871: 2764: 2760: 2692:

and up to 3,600–4,000 m (11,800–13,100 ft) in the mountains in

2685: 2550: 2533:

Pigs are one of four known mammalian taxa which possess mutations in the

2088: 2026: 2006: 1646: 1489: 1465: 909: 892: 874: 865: 686: 625: 264: 199: 179: 57: 9998:

Il cinghiale cacciatore: Antropologia simbolica della caccia in Sardegna

7435: 7414: 6774: 6755: 6143: 4123: 3899:

Distribution of wild boar and "javaporco" in Brazil as of 2022. In red:

3620:

The smallest, in west Dorset, was estimated to be fewer than 50 animals.

2475:

are very lightly coloured, and can even be white, while some boars from

750: 666: 15688: 15535: 14521: 14421: 14246: 13838: 13260: 13242: 12993: 12688: 12673: 12664: 12631: 12408: 12214: 12131: 12122: 11897: 11888: 11767: 11692: 11233: 11054: 10843: 10836: 10802: 10797: 10594: 10493: 10466: 10456: 10426: 10401: 10290: 9729: 9674: 9287: 9130: 8816:

Kovářová, L. (2011). "The Swine in Old Nordic Religion and Worldview".

7012: 6574:

Jean-Denis Vigne; Anne Tresset & Jean-Pierre Digard (3 July 2012).

5470: 4851: 4727: 4641: 4570:, who distributed it among his northern retainers during his tenure as 4559: 4446: 4329: 4235: 4157: 4107: 3798: 3555: 3423: 3259: 3215: 3166: 3150: 3054: 2772: 2697: 2660: 2630:

at the age of one year, with males attaining it a year later. However,

2565: 2455: 2203: 2167: 2163: 2010: 1499: 1469: 943:(right) skulls: Note the greatly shortened facial region of the latter. 536: 251: 9795: 9706:"Research priorities for managing invasive wild pigs in North America" 9623: 9598: 9295: 7827:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 19 February 2008 7253: 6705:

Groves, C.P; Schaller, G.B.; Amato, G.; Khounboline, K. (March 1997).

6034:"The Mammalia and other Remains from Drift Deposits in the Bath Basin" 4162: 3860:. Descendants of the Powder Horn Ranch boars were later released onto 3558:, but this population was exterminated in the 17th century during the 3097:

and mice. There is at least one record of a boar killing and eating a

15561: 15491: 15221: 15142: 14866: 14857: 14331: 13905: 13896: 13881: 13872: 13736: 13308: 13092: 13026: 12912: 12427: 12223: 11912: 11836: 11716: 11267: 11152: 11142: 11036: 11027: 10849: 10711: 10632: 10608: 10556: 10531: 10476: 10461: 10451: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10337: 10310: 10295: 7931: 6731: 6706: 6397: 4714: 4624:, as well as a sporting challenge and source of epic narratives. The 4416: 4396: 4362:, who considered them to be their most important sacred animal. Some 4231: 4189: 4099: 4081: 3912: 3794: 3785:

The most extensive boar introduction in the US took place in western

3705: 3682: 3640: 3524: 3516: 3455: 3447: 3354:. Within this range, it was only absent in extremely dry deserts and 3115: 3082: 3062: 3046: 2988: 2976: 2903: 2768: 2740: 2618: 2592: 2515: 2463: 2312: 2014: 1835: 1551: 888: 671: 596: 584: 529: 260: 139: 42: 15363: 15188: 9122: 4929: 4628:

inherited this tradition, with one of its first practitioners being

4250:

only during the spring and summer period. This theme also occurs in

4195:

depicted reliefs of ferocious wild boars on their temple pillars at

4074:, which it escapes by bathing frequently or hiding in dense shrubs. 3890: 2556:

from binding. These represent four separate, independent mutations.

1613: 15496: 15386: 15130: 14758: 14430: 14142: 13980: 13920: 13585: 13284: 12816: 12761: 12649: 12478: 11954: 11945: 11921: 11809: 11683: 11433: 11309: 11005: 10983: 10971: 10885: 10746: 10416: 10261: 10190: 8529:

in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in Estonia"

8074:"The Loch Ness Monster Has Company in the Neighborhood: Wild Boars" 7449: 4981: 4905: 4664: 4609: 4442: 4420: 4290: 4275: 4227: 4207: 4062: 4005: 3624: 3610: 3606: 3540: 3500: 3439: 3431: 3383: 3363: 3279: 3090: 3016: 2927: 2842: 2805:

Wild boar rest in shelters, which contain insulating material like

2795: 2689: 2602: 2546: 2538: 2523: 2018: 1843: 1663: 1625: 1547: 1543: 1509: 1457: 592: 567:

respectively. The wild boar has a long history of association with

552: 520:

in part of its introduced range. Wild boars probably originated in

159: 61: 10518: 9960:

Hatto, A. T. (1957) "Snake‐swords and Boar‐helms in Beowulf". In:

9449:. Wildlife Damage Management Conferences – Proceedings. Paper 151. 6838:"New taxonomic proposals for the Sus scrofa group in eastern Asia" 5885:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 637–722. 5362:. IUCN SSC Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group. pp. 112–121. 5181:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 637–722. 4312:

rescuing the earth, depicted as a goddess dangling from his tusks.

15748: 15335: 15170: 15031: 14890: 14280: 14067: 14058: 13971: 13857: 13848: 13820: 13576: 13480: 13444: 13359: 13355: 13326: 13251: 12939: 12812: 12773: 12357: 12274: 12180: 11443: 11393: 11088: 10498: 10411: 10285: 7134:"Alderney wild boar that swam from France shot over disease fear" 6615: 6038:

Proceeding of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club

5882:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

5697:"Wild boarlets born in Donegal believed to be first in 800 years" 5178:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

4747: 4701: 4677: 4588: 4551: 4516: 4424: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4348: 4341: 4305: 4266:

has the city being built over the site where Prince Androklos of

4263: 4219: 4204: 4103: 4071: 3952: 3916: 3810: 3768: 3763:

and released into a 9,500-hectare (23,000-acre) game preserve in

3713: 3666: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3443: 3347: 3327: 3283: 3237: 3229: 3211: 3094: 3022: 2951: 2943: 2911: 2897: 2875: 2853: 2715:, with the most favorable areas consisting of forest composed of 2669: 2519: 2476: 2351: 2347: 2230: 2045: 1895: 1891: 1839: 1800: 1702: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1393: 1389: 1385: 924: 859: 528:

and outcompeted other suid species as they spread throughout the

501: 489: 272: 10023: 9877:

La bestia nera: Caccia al cinghiale fra mito, storia e attualità

9651:"Effects of Wild Pig Disturbance on Forest Vegetation and Soils" 9086:"Nutritional Characteristics of Wild Boar Meat Hunted in Latvia" 6603:

4 September 2007. The report concerns an article in the journal

6006:

Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen

5315: 4161:

The head of a wild boar on the left side of the coat of arms of

3661:

radio programme in 2011. The programme prompted activist writer

3262:, wild boars are one of the two most important prey species for 2374: 628: 15483: 15179: 14748: 14653: 14476: 14466: 14082: 13594: 13434: 13416: 13407: 13293: 13215: 13167: 13158: 12616: 12607: 12542: 12533: 12523: 12445: 11978: 11791: 11641: 10977: 10965: 10220: 10214: 10196: 10184: 9458: 9210: 8045: 7950: 6405: 6211:

Ancestors for the Pigs: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Genus Sus

4909: 4864: 4843: 4692: 4597: 4432: 4428: 4408: 4403:

slaying an avaricious boar, who has stolen the treasure of the

4367: 4309: 4267: 4239: 3920: 3883: 3579: 3488: 3476: 3472: 3435: 3399: 3387: 3367: 3298: 3205: 3141:

Piglets are vulnerable to attack from medium-sized felids like

3040: 3034: 2984: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2885: 2830: 2806: 2791: 2728: 2704: 2677: 2631: 2435: 2429:

in 1578. Note the stripes, a characteristic feature of piglets.

2320: 2316: 2129: 2081: 1722: 1718: 913:, a large, possibly swamp-adapted suid ancestral to the modern 639: 485: 280: 189: 169: 149: 10057: 9211:

Cahill, S.; Llimona, F.; Cabañeros, L.; Calomardo, F. (2012).

8251: 8164:"As espécies invasoras representam um perigo á biodiversidade" 6704: 6141: 4913:

in non-hunting contexts and were committed by solitary males.

3992: 2991:

fields. Boar soil disturbance and foraging have been shown to

2802:. Due to concerns about disease, it was shot and incinerated. 2409: 15203: 15161: 14736: 14406: 14397: 13691: 13618: 13609: 13540: 13269: 13224: 13083: 13008: 12888: 12879: 12390: 12381: 11873: 11864: 11073: 11064: 10327: 10208: 9752:"The climate impact of wild pigs greater than a million cars" 9528: 8142:

Wild Pigs: Biology, Damage, Control Techniques and Management

7719:

Jääkauden jälkeläiset – Suomen nisäkkäiden varhainen historia

7644:

Atlas of terrestrial mammals of the Ionian and Aegean islands

7488: 7389: 4898: 4855: 4847: 4706: 4637: 4520: 4461: 4400: 4359: 4355: 4337: 4044:. Wild boar in southern regions are frequently infested with 3948: 3932: 3928: 3628: 3602: 3496: 3483:. It was previously thought that the species did not live in 3351: 3335: 3294: 3248: 3197: 3131: 3086: 3078: 3028: 3007: 2980: 2960: 2956: 2935: 2861: 2846: 2845:, whose diversity in choice of food is comparable to that of 2787: 2724: 2720: 2673: 2292: 2159: 1659: 1539: 1535: 1531: 884: 709: 568: 560: 505: 9948:

The Golden-Bristled Boar: Last Ferocious Beast of the Forest

8433:"Feral pigs harm wildlife and biodiversity as well as crops" 6753: 5354:

Oliver, W. L. R.; et al. (1993). "The Common Wild Pig (

3947:(CACs) duly registered by the environmental control agency, 3755:

in 1890. Thirteen wild boars from Germany were purchased by

2763:

are present, swampy mixed taiga and coastal oak forests. In

1114: 14349: 13679: 13567: 13549: 13206: 13059: 12463: 12330: 12146: 11420: 11381: 10352: 10347: 10008:(6th ed.), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 9265: 9170:

10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0939:EOHFAF]2.0.CO;2

8396:"FERAL SWINE: Impacts on Threatened and Endangered Species" 8254:"Projeto regulamenta a caça esportiva de animais no Brasil" 6524: 5222:. Vol. 3. Mammalia. G. B. Whittaker. pp. 287–288. 4719: 4271: 4243: 4045: 3871:

Wild boar of unknown origin were stocked in a ranch in the

3571: 3359: 3185: 3074: 3058: 2939: 2915: 2879: 2865: 2857: 2752: 2684:

zones, occurring up to 1,900 m (6,200 ft) in the

2343: 2234: 1473: 1054:, most are high-skulled. The underwool is thick, except in 548: 41:

For pigs descended from escaped, domesticated animals, see

13817: 9703: 8285:"Brasil autoriza caça de javali-europeu em seu território" 4493: 3782:, with their descendants surviving for at least 20 years. 3550:

punished through blinding the unlawful killing of a boar.

2735:, the animal's primary habitat consists of well-developed 14959: 13558: 13504: 12436: 11818: 10342: 10280: 10246: 10235: 10172: 9597:

Miller, Ryan S.; Opp, Susan M.; Webb, Colleen T. (2018).

8615:(in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. p. 145. 8100:"Eurasian Boar – NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation" 7825:

Government supports local communities to manage wild boar

7663: 7661: 7659: 7415:"Diet and habitat use of the endangered Persian leopard ( 5824:, 107–108. IUCN/SSC Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group, 5701: 4953: 3601:

area. A 'new breeding population' was also identified in

3503:, with wild populations having disappeared by 1894–1902. 3394:, where it reached 52°N. From there, the boundary passed 3342:. The northern limit of its range extended from southern 2950:

A 50 kg (110 lb) boar needs around 4,000–4,500

2810: 2739:

and mixed forests, along with marshy mixed forests, with

2716: 2326: 2311:

from wild boar as early as 13,000–12,700 BCE in the

10105:. Lists general information and resources for wild boar. 8640:[On the question of Mater Deum of the Aisčiai]. 8522: 7864:"Forest of Dean rangers battle to meet boar cull target" 7812:

The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai)

7495:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

7396:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

7228:

Oldfield, Callie A.; Evans, Jonathan P. (1 March 2016).

6442:

Rosenberg M, Nesbitt R, Redding RW, Peasnall BL (1998).

5845:

Domestication: The Decline of Environmental Appreciation

5319:

Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola

4141: 3539:

Mixed sounder of wild boar and domestic pigs at Culzie,

12809: 10141: 10127:

Wild pigs with piglets – white piglets with black spots

8339:"Aberta a temporada de caça ao javali no Sul e Sudeste" 7762:

Tiedon jyvät – Villisika eli Suomessa jo kivikaudella.

6462: 2569:

males tend to be solitary outside the breeding season.

13352: 10137:

A wild boar struggling with plastic film, Lodz (Poland

9780: 8959:, London, Edinburgh, T.C. & E.C. Jack, pp. 198–199 7656: 6098:

Die vollständige Naturgeschichte des In- und Auslandes

4184:

The wild boar features prominently in the cultures of

990:

are low-skulled), with thick underwool and (excepting

982:. These subspecies are typically high-skulled (though 9648: 8944:, New York, Cooper Square Publishing Inc. pp. 502–503 7801: 7358: 6352: 6095: 4332:. The boar features heavily in religious practice in 3422:. From here, the boundary went slightly north of the 2946:. Most of these prey items are taken in warm periods. 1655:

A small, almost maneless, yellowish-brown subspecies

7814:. Field Museum of Natural History. pp. 475–477. 7607:

The deer and the tiger: a study of wildlife in India

7309:

Behera, Satyaranian; Gupta, Rajendra Prasad (2007).

4949: 4726:

and having a much higher concentration of essential

4620:. The animal was seen as a source of food among the 3247:

Boars of all ages were once the primary prey of the

9879:(in Italian). Editoriale Olimpia (collana Caccia). 8161: 7962:"How the UK's zoophobic legacy turned on wild boar" 6316:

Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon

6285:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 15–29. 5082: 4577: 3358:zones. It was once found in North Africa along the 2849:. Their foods can be divided into four categories: 2358:, Laos, in 1995. Subsequent studies indicated that 1520:. Its head is larger and more pointed than that of 1382:, but smaller and with proportionally longer tusks 10000:, Armando Editore (collana Antropologia culturale) 9152:Geisser, Hannes; Reyer, Heinz-Ulrich (2004–2010). 8752:The Hero Journey in Literature: Parables of Poesis 8282: 8229: 8072: 7779:(in Finnish). Suomen Luonto 4/2013. Archived from 6002: 5913: 3919:around the 20th century for breeding purposes. In 2559: 2307:. Archaeological evidence suggests that pigs were 9964:, 38:1–6, 145–160. DOI: 10.1080/00138385708596994 9151: 8523:Jokelainen, P.; Velström, K.; Lassen, B. (2015). 8287:. planetasustentavel.abril.com.br. Archived from 7570: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5057:Thirteen has been observed in a captive specimen. 3891:Introduction and lack of control in South America 3519:and Moscow and by 1975, they were to be found in 3410:) the boundary turned steep south, encircled the 15768: 10101:, National Invasive Species Information Center, 8252:Murilo Souza and Cláudia Lemos (22 March 2021). 6945: 6305: 6142:Dobney, K.; Cucchi, T. & Larson, G. (2008). 6110: 3695: 3442:from 44 to 46°N southward, in China westward of 2963:are invariably its most important food items in 10950: 10003: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8713: 7956: 6113:"Über die Racen des zahmen oder Haussschweines" 4199:some 11,600 years ago. Virtually all heroes in 3450:. It is absent in the higher elevations of the 1622:A small, long-maned and light brown subspecies 10726:Butareba: The Story of a Man Turned into a Pig 9855: 8893: 8891: 8309: 7489:Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) . 7390:Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) . 7346: 7184: 7100: 7085: 7073: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6835: 6804: 6340: 5812:Groves, C. P. et al. 1993. The Eurasian Suids 5568: 5516: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5108:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41775A44141833.en 4242:, who is killed by a boar and is permitted by 4070:. The species also suffers from blood-sucking 3554:attempted to reintroduce the species into the 2564:Boars are typically social animals, living in 2303:stock), the wild boar is the ancestor of most 591:have become a serious pest wild animal in the 10936: 10157: 9596: 9310: 8931: 8635: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8193:. naturezaeconservacao.com.br. Archived from 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8125: 7383: 7315:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 7227: 6707:"Rediscovery of the wild pig Sus bucculentus" 6273: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6259: 5967: 5839: 5837: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5769:. 2nd ed. CAB International, Oxon. pp. 1–13. 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5037: 3751:The first of these introductions occurred in 3605:. There is another significant population in 3081:. Boars in the former area will also feed on 2680:. In mountainous regions, it can even occupy 1828:The subspecies is significantly smaller than 1711:A small, pale and almost maneless subspecies 8987: 8985: 8723: 8710: 8215:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7934:. Britishwildboar.org.uk. 31 December 2010. 7737: 7693: 7610:. University of Chicago Press. p. 321. 6929: 6927: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6318:. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink. pp. 415–42. 6283:Pigs and Humans: 10,000 Years of Interaction 6076: 5582:The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor 5545: 5500: 5498: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5028: 4663:, though the Germanic tribes considered the 4304:3rd century sandstone Varaha sculpture from 4113: 1628:and northwestern India to southeastern Iran 1508:A long-maned subspecies with a coat that is 1126:Much of continental Europe and into Eurasia 684: 10103:United States National Agricultural Library 9367: 9204: 9049: 8888: 7906:"BBC Wales – Nature – Wildlife – Wild boar" 7671:. Britishwildboar.org.uk. 21 October 1998. 7636: 7603: 7482: 7342: 7340: 7308: 7096: 7094: 7069: 7067: 6996:"Penile Injuries in Wild and Domestic Pigs" 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6594:BBC News, "Pig DNA reveals farming history" 5512: 5510: 5043: 5019: 4825: 4106:. Wild boar may on occasion contract swine 3974: 3499:reportedly died on 20 December 1912 in the 3312: 2386:Dentition, as illustrated by Charles Knight 30:"Boar" redirects here. For other uses, see 11025: 10943: 10929: 10164: 10150: 9984:Mayer, J. J. & Shedrow, C. B. (2007), 9856:Marsan, Andrea; Mattioli, Stefano (2013). 9432: 9017: 8921:, University of Washington Press, p. 140, 8832: 8797: 8785: 8728:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 426–428. 8571: 8122: 7994: 7795: 7514:"Tigers and Leopards in Russia's Far East" 7505: 6520: 6518: 6420:Ancestors for the Pigs: Pigs in prehistory 6277: 6256: 6031: 5936: 5834: 5799: 5522: 5444: 5442: 5226: 5209: 4746:Roman relief of a dog confronting a boar, 4285:The head of wild boar is prominent in the 3848:were released in the Powder Horn Ranch in 3530: 3462:and on the lower slopes of the Tien Shan. 2668:The wild boar inhabits a diverse array of 2350:. It was virtually unknown and was feared 635:, which is thought to be derived from the 250: 101: 69: 15260: 12732: 9839:The Hunter's Library: Wild Boar in Europe 9622: 9570: 9502: 9484: 9235: 8982: 8911: 8863: 8809: 8554: 8544: 7539: 7434: 7261: 7021: 7011: 6975: 6924: 6905: 6805:Groves, C.; Meijaard, E. (1 March 2016). 6773: 6730: 6686: 6654: 6644: 6550: 6498: 6488: 6322: 6299: 5847:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–59, 5789:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 91–99, 5787:A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals 5747: 5579: 5495: 5478: 5342: 5106: 4453:, as depicted on a black-figure amphora ( 3987: 3938: 3613:. Populations estimates were as follows: 2643: 2601:the maximum being 10–12. The piglets are 854: 15141: 12531: 9316: 8870:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 41. 8815: 7777:"Villisika eli Suomessa jo kivikaudella" 7412: 7337: 7091: 7079: 7064: 6893: 6881: 6860: 6836:Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin P (2013). 6334: 5759: 5729:"Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources" 5507: 4928: 4829: 4761:Southern Indian depiction of boar hunt, 4603: 4587: 4437: 4299: 4280: 4156: 4149:on silver dish (part of the 4th century 4140: 4122: 4080:spreads very quickly in wild boar, with 4000:on the lower jaw and lung of a wild boar 3991: 3894: 3699: 3534: 3210: 3126: 2820: 2659: 2647: 2638: 2607: 2571: 2500:sounds or emit screeches transcribed as 2425:A European wild boar piglet, painted by 2420: 2408: 2381: 2373: 2282: 934: 858: 446: 11432: 11003: 10740:Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks 9874: 9836: 9023: 8991: 8803: 8791: 8582: 8430: 8403:United States Department of Agriculture 8364:State, Mississippi (11 November 2021). 8303: 8276: 8245: 8166:. animalivre.uol.com.br. Archived from 8162:Vininha F. Carvalho (19 January 2007). 7571:Miquelle, Dale G.; et al. (1996). 6981: 6933: 6918: 6692: 6515: 6328: 6236: 5753: 5694: 5439: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 4550:, the boar is often shown as armed and 4203:fight or kill a boar at one point. The 4110:through rodents or hog lice and ticks. 2291:With the exception of domestic pigs in 14: 15769: 11150: 9644: 9642: 9592: 9590: 9524: 9522: 9373: 9108: 8901:, Oxford University Press, pp. 49–73, 8330: 8283:Débora Spitzcovsky (4 February 2013). 8223: 8182: 8155: 8070: 7046:"Eight little piggies went a-marching" 6993: 6417: 6208: 5939:"The Races of the European Wild Swine" 5353: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5078: 5076: 5074: 4316:The boar as a warrior also appears in 3414:and went again eastward including the 3317: 3105:, though this may have been a case of 2703:The main habitats favored by boars in 2688:, 2,600 m (8,500 ft) in the 2080:The smallest subspecies of the former 15368: 15367: 15259: 15128: 15127: 14733: 13816: 13351: 12808: 12270: 11416: 11002: 10924: 10145: 9383:Wilderness and Environmental Medicine 9326:Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 9039:, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 35, 8970:Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses 8838: 8748: 8726:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 8724:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (1997). 8689: 8669:"Göbekli Tepe: The Birth of Religion" 8656:from the original on 6 February 2021. 8516: 8504:from the original on 13 November 2021 8473:from the original on 11 November 2021 8412:from the original on 11 November 2021 8363: 8052:from the original on 21 November 2022 8035: 8009: 7912:from the original on 23 November 2018 7844:from the original on 28 February 2020 7511: 6817:from the original on 30 November 2021 6244:The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals. 6180:from the original on 23 December 2022 6123:from the original on 19 December 2022 6048:from the original on 19 December 2022 6013:from the original on 19 December 2022 5984:from the original on 19 December 2022 5949:from the original on 19 December 2022 5863: 5857: 5676:from the original on 17 February 2024 5552:Springer Science & Business Media 5159: 4713:was the centrepiece of most medieval 4415:, the boar is described as a form of 4407:, then giving its carcass to the god 4165:, Finland. A wild boar refers to the 3426:eastward to its lower reaches at the 3165:), as well as other carnivorans like 3053:Boars may occasionally prey on small 2333: 2095:, northern and northeastern Mongolia 607:As true wild boars became extinct in 15787:Extant Pleistocene first appearances 15754:F352F5EE-8CA7-4C90-91E9-C3A8A5C3537C 15676:e03bb3c4-5dc0-4fb9-a697-4a1550395dc0 15523:ae1f1d0d-70b0-4101-93b3-0cc5127d6f99 12568: 9452: 9355:from the original on 18 October 2014 9247:from the original on 14 October 2014 9224:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 8666: 8443:from the original on 5 November 2021 8376:from the original on 5 November 2021 8310:Fernanda Testa (13 September 2015). 7938:from the original on 14 October 2017 7325:from the original on 21 January 2021 7166:from the original on 22 October 2018 6994:Weiler, Ulrike; et al. (2016). 6674:from the original on 5 November 2018 6346: 5735:from the original on 17 October 2014 5616:from the original on 18 October 2014 5448: 5427:from the original on 27 October 2021 5397:from the original on 28 October 2020 5381: 5379: 5048:, which is Latin for 'solitary pig'. 4887: 4488:to name their sons after the animal 4336:where it is closely associated with 2841:The wild boar is a highly versatile 15777:IUCN Red List least concern species 11417: 10053:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). 1878. 9990:, Washington Savannah River Company 9902:"The systematics of the wild boar ( 9697: 9639: 9587: 9519: 7972:from the original on 1 October 2013 7870:from the original on 24 August 2010 7052:from the original on 14 August 2016 5924:Systema regni animalis (classis I.) 5122: 5094:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5071: 3801:and released in a property between 3322:The species originally occurred in 3194:Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park 871:Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze 571:, having been the ancestor of most 24: 14734: 12271: 10132:Sow feeding piglets, Lodz (Poland) 9894: 9762:from the original on 3 August 2021 9710:The Journal of Wildlife Management 9655:The Journal of Wildlife Management 9319:"Death by attack from a wild boar" 9317:Manipady, S.; et al. (2006). 9058:A Guide to Traditional Pig Keeping 8491: 8431:Lashley, Marcus (26 August 2019). 8230:Carlos H. Salvador (3 July 2012). 8110:from the original on 23 April 2017 8071:Castle, Stephen (24 August 2024). 7838:"Wild boar cull is given go ahead" 7646:, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 139–141, 7564: 7413:Taghdisi, M.; et al. (2013). 7140:from the original on 29 April 2018 4344:who claimed descent from the god. 4180:literally means the "swine head"). 3780:William C. Whitney Wilderness Area 3301:, the boar's main predator is the 2771:groves in winter in some areas of 2755:groves, hilly mixed forests where 2537:that protect against snake venom. 2287:Male wild boar-domestic pig hybrid 579:for millennia. Boars have also re- 25: 15833: 10030: 9192:from the original on 5 March 2023 8773:from the original on 5 March 2023 8036:Bonar, Megan (18 November 2022). 7999:. NatureScot Research Report 876. 7889:Cull failing to control wild boar 7675:from the original on 24 July 2011 7624:from the original on 5 March 2023 5980:. Vol. 1. pp. 265–267. 5646:from the original on 29 June 2023 5376: 5332:Smithsonian Institution Libraries 4659:Boar hunting continued after the 1058:, and the mane is largely absent. 10904: 10903: 10517: 9950:, University of Virginia Press, 9774: 9744: 9374:Gunduz, A.; et al. (2007). 9259: 9145: 9102: 9078: 9029: 9007:. Steven Simpson Books. p. 207. 8997: 8962: 8947: 8857: 8742: 8683: 8660: 8636:Beresnevičius, Gintaras (2006). 8629: 8605: 8588: 8485: 8455: 8424: 8388: 8357: 8345:from the original on 25 May 2021 8318:from the original on 25 May 2021 8264:from the original on 25 May 2021 8092: 8064: 8029: 8003: 7988: 7802:Osborn, D.J.; Helmy, I. (1980). 7299:. Vol. 106, No. 9. (10 May 2014) 6246:p. 329. Academic Press Limited. 5709:from the original on 13 May 2021 5610:"Online Etymological Dictionary" 4966: 4952: 4810:The Boar Hunt – Hans Wertinger, 4803: 4787: 4772: 4754: 4739: 4661:fall of the Western Roman Empire 4578:As a game animal and food source 4523:, the boar is the emblem of the 4427:, the same boar is portrayed as 4230:is recognised by his handmaiden 3945:Collectors, Shooters and Hunters 3465: 2535:nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 2278: 2212: 2116: 2044: 1877: 1818: 1767: 1701: 1645: 1612: 1516:, it is more lightly built than 1498: 1425: 1364: 1113: 844: 807: 770: 749: 722: 126: 11295:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 10809:The Tale of Little Pig Robinson 9830: 9213:"Characteristics of wild boar ( 8942:volume 4: Finno-Ugric, Siberian 8841:Animals in Celtic Life and Myth 8341:. revistagloborural.globo.com. 7924: 7898: 7882: 7856: 7830: 7818: 7769: 7756: 7731: 7712: 7696:Suomeen istutetut riistaeläimet 7687: 7597: 7528:Fauna & Flora International 7443: 7406: 7352: 7302: 7278: 7221: 7178: 7152: 7126: 7106: 7038: 6987: 6939: 6829: 6798: 6747: 6698: 6609: 6587: 6567: 6456: 6436: 6422:. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. 6411: 6396:) has been domesticated in the 6373: 6227: 6202: 6192: 6135: 6104: 6089: 6070: 6060: 6025: 5996: 5961: 5930: 5907: 5779: 5721: 5688: 5658: 5628: 5602: 5546:Baskin, L.; Danell, K. (2003). 5358:)". In Oliver, W. L. R. (ed.). 5051: 5004: 4308:, depicting the Hindu boar god 2560:Social behaviour and life cycle 2526:is comparatively weak, lacking 2510:: High-pitched, piercing cries. 12084:Central American red brocket ( 9268:Journal of Wildlife Management 9158:Journal of Wildlife Management 9068:, Good Life Press, pp. 26–27, 8667:Mann, Charles C. (June 2011). 7136:. BBC News. 14 November 2013. 6096:Reichenbach, H. G. L. (1846). 5695:Magnier, Eileen (7 May 2020). 5672:. Cambridge University Press. 5449:Chen, K.; et al. (2007). 5409: 5203: 5083:Keuling, O.; Leus, K. (2019). 4933:Recreational wild boar hunting 4480:, with people born during the 3458:, though they do occur in the 3382:(at 60°N) through the area of 3370:. The species occurs on a few 3014:without ill effect, including 2983:, as well as visit cultivated 2369: 2247:(Thomas and Wroughton, 1909), 1793:habitats. Its separation from 907:largely displaced the related 602: 559:, where it is replaced by the 13: 1: 10006:Walker's Mammals of the World 9900:Apollonio, M. et al. (1988), 8749:Smith, Evans Lansing (1997). 7995:Massei, G.; Ward, A. (2022). 7468:10.1080/09397140.2016.1144286 6961:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.007 5064: 4916: 4811: 4762: 4534:) is frequently displayed in 4454: 4118: 3696:Introduction to North America 3677:and a number of sites in the 3272:Cervus canadensis xanthopygus 3069:chicks. Boars inhabiting the 2654:Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary 930: 877:suid that was outcompeted by 496:, and has been introduced to 12791:Large subfamily listed below 12779:Large subfamily listed below 12767:Large subfamily listed below 10095:Species Profile- Wild Boar ( 10080:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.026 9440:"Wild Pig Attacks on Humans" 9111:The Journal of Asian Studies 9003:Shreshta, Tej Kumar (1997). 8956:A complete guide to heraldry 8638:"Aisčių mater deum klausimu" 8467:National Wildlife Federation 8370:Mississippi State University 8139:Mayer, J. J. et al. (2009), 7866:. BBC News. 20 August 2010. 7580:Journal of Wildlife Research 7377:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.02.003 5820:. In Oliver, W. L. R., ed., 5212:"The Sanglier, or Wild Hog ( 4214:involves the capture of the 3681:, mainly centred around the 3639:Wild boars have crossed the 3505:Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein 3479:and north of Lake Ladoga in 3122: 2576:Central European wild boar ( 2413:Skeleton, as illustrated by 2126:A small blackish subspecies 797:Boar of the 4th/5th/6th year 672: 7: 15817:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 11286:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 11277:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 8757:University Press of America 7363:) in northwestern Bhutan". 6756:"Sus bucculentus revisited" 6543:10.1093/genetics/154.4.1785 6353:Wild Pig Specialist group. 6003:Schreber, J. C. D. (1835). 5914:Erxleben, J. C. P. (1777). 5586:University Press of Florida 5387:"Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758" 5336:National Science Foundation 5324:Mammals of the Soviet Union 4945: 4608:A wild boar dish served in 4568:King Richard III of England 4145:Depiction of wild boars at 1342:(Lesson and Garnot, 1826), 702:The animals' specific name 10: 15838: 9934:Le sanglier et ses chasses 9555:10.1038/s41598-021-86363-3 9395:10.1580/06-weme-cr-033r1.1 9338:10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.08.007 8953:Fox-Davies, A. C. (1909), 8940:The Mythology of All Races 8692:"The World's First Temple" 8038:"Wild boar cull was legal" 7742:. WSOY. pp. 207–208. 7456:Zoology in the Middle East 7423:Turkish Journal of Zoology 7347:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 7101:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 7086:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 7074:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6900:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6888:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6876:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 6453:. Paléorient, 24(1):25–41. 6341:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 5785:Clutton-Brock, J. (1999). 5640:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 5517:Marsan & Mattioli 2013 4908:was wounded by a boar and 4581: 3903:with registered sightings. 3807:Los Padres National Forest 3739: 3446:and in India north of the 2967:, as they are rich in the 2522:is also acute, though its 715: 691:. The young may be called 680:, and more closely to the 611:before the development of 508:. It has been assessed as 40: 36:Wild boar (disambiguation) 29: 15812:Mammals described in 1758 15376: 15334: 15306: 15282: 15273: 15269: 15255: 15222:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 15213:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 15201: 15150: 15137: 15123: 15087: 15063: 15039: 15030: 14912: 14879: 14855: 14822: 14798: 14777:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 14756: 14747: 14743: 14729: 14693: 14651: 14474: 14465: 14419: 14395: 14371: 14329: 14278: 14254: 14245: 14217: 14193: 14186: 14140: 14080: 14056: 13969: 13918: 13894: 13870: 13846: 13837: 13833: 13812: 13767: 13668: 13659: 13631: 13607: 13502: 13442: 13433: 13405: 13381: 13372: 13368: 13347: 13306: 13282: 13204: 13180: 13156: 13132: 13081: 13057: 13006: 12901: 12877: 12853: 12829: 12825: 12804: 12784: 12772: 12760: 12723: 12686: 12662: 12629: 12605: 12596: 12559: 12522: 12476: 12416: 12407: 12379: 12328: 12295: 12286: 12282: 12266: 12212: 12178: 12144: 12120: 12096: 12066:Amazonian brown brocket ( 12000: 11967: 11943: 11910: 11886: 11862: 11853: 11789: 11738: 11714: 11681: 11630: 11597: 11573: 11441: 11428: 11412: 11399:Large family listed below 11392: 11387:Large family listed below 11380: 11364:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 11307: 11265: 11241: 11232: 11141: 11086: 11062: 11053: 11016: 11012: 10998: 10960: 10899: 10868: 10816:The Tale of Pigling Bland 10570: 10526: 10515: 10245: 10179: 9974:, Editions Cheminements, 9875:Scheggi, Massimo (1999). 9837:Cabanau, Laurent (2001). 9486:10.1186/s12898-019-0271-7 9237:10.32800/abc.2012.35.0221 8864:Macdonell, A. A. (1898). 8843:. Routledge. p. 46. 8546:10.1186/s13028-015-0133-z 7541:10.1017/s0030605300029227 7452:Panthera pardus saxicolor 7417:Panthera pardus saxicolor 7207:10.1007/s10530-005-6829-7 6418:Nelson, Sarah M. (1998). 6306:Sterndale, R. A. (1884). 6111:Fitzinger, L. J. (1858). 5216:) Buff. V. xiv. and xvii" 4838:Boars can be damaging to 4395:. A story present in the 4387:The boar also appears in 4114:Relationships with humans 3111:interspecific competition 3004:Ujung Kulon National Park 1774:De Beaux and Festa, 1927 998:) poorly developed manes. 927:and surrounding islands. 294: 287: 258: 249: 228: 221: 123:Scientific classification 121: 99: 90: 77: 68: 52: 13463:Domestic water buffalo ( 11828:Central Asian red deer ( 11453:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 10171: 10004:Ronald M. Nowak (1999), 8644:(in Lithuanian) (2): 6. 8613:Suomen kunnallisvaakunat 8595:"Finland: Wet Threats". 8016:Scotland The Big Picture 7586:(2): 138. Archived from 6807:"Indo-chinese Warty Pig" 6577:History of domestication 6355:"LC – Eurasian Wild Pig" 4997: 4826:Crop and garbage raiding 4676:and the introduction of 4366:linked to boars include 3996:Lesions consistent with 3975:Effect on other habitats 3832:Several wild boars from 3507:attempted to repopulate 3402:at 56°N. In the eastern 3313:Distribution and habitat 2378:The skull of a wild boar 2229:, and in Indonesia from 660:, and is related to the 14341:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 14128:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 12233:Yucatan brown brocket ( 11462:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 11346:Philippine mouse-deer ( 10876:List of individual pigs 10733:Fair, then Partly Piggy 10122:A sounder of wild boars 10114:genome assembly in the 10068:Veterinary Parasitology 10050:Encyclopædia Britannica 9996:Padiglione, V. (1989), 9922:17 October 2014 at the 9091:16 October 2014 at the 9035:Adamson, M. W. (2004), 8147:24 October 2014 at the 7419:) in northeastern Iran" 6646:10.1073/pnas.0703411104 6599:1 February 2017 at the 6490:10.1073/pnas.0905015106 5767:The Genetics of the Pig 5421:Encyclopædia Britannica 4592:Wild boar haunches and 4503:In the folklore of the 3531:Status in Great Britain 3175:yellow-throated martens 3134:killing a wild boar in 2816: 2751:, the species inhabits 2299:(which appear to be of 1890:Coastal China south to 1374:Sometimes considered a 640: 629: 583:in recent decades with 15051:White-lipped peccary ( 14987:Philippine warty pig ( 14612:Yellow-backed duiker ( 14576:Black-fronted duiker ( 14549:White-bellied duiker ( 14170:Przewalski's gazelle ( 13393:Four-horned antelope ( 12191:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 11750:Visayan spotted deer ( 11609:European fallow deer ( 11552:Northern red muntjac ( 11498:Southern red muntjac ( 10881:List of fictional pigs 10585:Flitch of bacon custom 10383:Religious restrictions 9972:Le sanglier héraldique 9970:Marillier, B. (2003), 9438:Mayer, John J. (2013) 9037:Food in Medieval Times 8690:Scham, Sandra (2008). 8366:"Environmental Damage" 7932:"Wild Boar in Britain" 7669:"Wild boar in Britain" 5968:Pallas, P. S. (1831). 5879:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 5580:Affenberg, W. (1981). 5175:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 5044: 5038: 5029: 5020: 4934: 4835: 4613: 4601: 4465: 4313: 4297: 4181: 4154: 4138: 4086:Foot-and-mouth disease 4001: 3988:Diseases and parasites 3939:Pest control in Brazil 3904: 3716: 3543: 3226: 3138: 3103:Bandipur National Park 2838: 2665: 2657: 2644:Habitat and sheltering 2613: 2581: 2430: 2418: 2387: 2379: 2288: 1410:(Heim de Balzac, 1937) 1291:(von Schreber, 1790), 1223:(von Schreber, 1790), 1152:(von Schreber, 1790), 1064:Represented solely by 944: 881: 855:Taxonomy and evolution 685: 665: 455: 56:Temporal range: Early 15710:Paleobiology Database 15231:Wild Bactrian camel ( 14933:Bornean bearded pig ( 14924:Palawan bearded pig ( 14513:White-legged duiker ( 13939:Red-fronted gazelle ( 11618:Persian fallow deer ( 11534:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 11207:Himalayan musk deer ( 11116:Reticulated giraffe ( 10663:Babe: Pig in the City 10620:The Three Little Pigs 9932:Durantel, P. (2007), 9910:Bolletino di Zoologia 9784:Global Change Biology 9084:Strazdina, V. et al. 8968:Wagner, J. A. (2001) 8937:Holmberg, U. (1927), 8012:"Rooting for Rooters" 7960:(16 September 2011). 7766:, 2014-12-05, p. B15. 7738:Koivisto, M. (2004). 7694:Nummi, Petri (1988). 7512:Prynn, David (1980). 7291:16 April 2015 at the 7234:Ecology and Evolution 6209:Groves, C.P. (1981). 6163:10.1353/asi.2008.0009 6077:Boddaert, P. (1784). 5101:: e.T41775A44141833. 4932: 4867:, as was the case in 4833: 4646:Constantine the Great 4607: 4591: 4441: 4342:Yngling royal dynasty 4322:Germanic boar helmets 4303: 4284: 4160: 4144: 4126: 3995: 3898: 3746:European colonization 3703: 3675:Dumfries and Galloway 3548:William the Conqueror 3538: 3398:and farther east the 3214: 3130: 2998:plants. Boars of the 2824: 2663: 2651: 2639:Behaviour and ecology 2611: 2575: 2440:Mediterranean regions 2424: 2412: 2385: 2377: 2286: 1869:Northern Chinese boar 1311:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1307:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1303:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1299:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1275:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1271:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1255:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1251:(G. Fischer , 1814), 1243:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1235:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1227:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1211:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1195:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1191:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1187:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1179:(Reichenbach, 1846), 1101:Central European boar 939:Wild boar (left) and 938: 862: 646:, of unknown origin. 535:As of 2005, up to 16 468:), also known as the 453: 80:Central European boar 32:Boar (disambiguation) 15807:Mammals of East Asia 15518:Fauna Europaea (new) 15318:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 14978:Oliver's warty pig ( 14603:Red-flanked duiker ( 14008:Erlanger's gazelle ( 13728:Harnessed bushbuck ( 13454:Wild water buffalo ( 12931:East Caucasian tur ( 12922:West Caucasian tur ( 12075:Little red brocket ( 11543:Truong Son muntjac ( 11355:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 11337:Greater mouse-deer ( 11216:Siberian musk deer ( 10683:Empress of Blandings 9936:, Editions Artemis, 9915:Carden, R.F. (2012) 9445:20 June 2016 at the 9063:5 March 2023 at the 8759:. pp. 253–254. 7724:4 March 2016 at the 7642:Masseti, M. (2012), 7604:Schaller, G (1967). 7187:Biological Invasions 7112:Long, J. L. (2003), 6385:20 June 2017 at the 6361:on 10 September 2016 6242:Kingdon, J. (1997). 5670:Cambridge Dictionary 5326:]. Vol. I. 5018:word for 'boar' was 4682:German Peasants' War 4023:Trichinella spiralis 3107:intraguild predation 3101:in southern India's 1884:Milne-Edwards, 1871 1825:Forsyth Major, 1882 1085:Trinomial authority 557:Lesser Sunda Islands 14951:Celebes warty pig ( 14942:Visayan warty pig ( 14558:Red forest duiker ( 14290:Günther's dik-dik ( 14152:Mongolian gazelle ( 13957:Heuglin's gazelle ( 13948:Thomson's gazelle ( 13102:Long-tailed goral ( 12497:Mountain reedbuck ( 12488:Southern reedbuck ( 12340:East African oryx ( 12242:White-tailed deer ( 12021:Small red brocket ( 11988:South Andean deer ( 11931:Siberian roe deer ( 11922:European roe deer ( 11759:Philippine sambar ( 11726:Père David's deer ( 11328:Lesser mouse-deer ( 11189:Kashmir musk deer ( 10388:Scottish pork taboo 10116:UCSC Genome Browser 9946:Greene, J. (2011), 9722:2018JWMan..82..674B 9667:2020JWMan..84..739G 9615:2018Ecosp...9E2379M 9547:2021NatSR..11.6924C 9477:2020BMCE...20....4J 9376:"Wild Boar Attacks" 9280:2021JWMan..85..868M 9055:Harris, C. (2009), 8972:, ABC-CLIO, p. 15, 8897:Knight, J. (2003), 8702:(6). Archived from 8673:National Geographic 8601:. 14 December 1931. 8525:"Seroprevalence of 8258:Chamber of Deputies 8010:Eaglesham, Gordon. 7895:. 25 February 2011. 7593:on 1 November 2012. 7436:10.3906/zoo-1301-20 7246:2016EcoEv...6.2569O 7199:2006BiInv...8.1073T 7116:, Cabi Publishing, 6775:10.1038/nature04770 6723:1997Natur.386..335G 6637:2007PNAS..10415276L 6481:2009PNAS..10616135V 6449:1 June 2014 at the 6404:) in North-eastern 6032:Moore, Ch. (1869). 5937:Thomas, O. (1912). 5926:. pp. 176–179. 5843:Hemmer, H. (1990), 5391:mammaldiversity.org 5210:Gray, J.E. (1827). 4496:10 note during the 4326:Benty Grange helmet 4222:slays the wild sow 3998:bovine tuberculosis 3649:Forestry Commission 3416:Tannu-Ola Mountains 3318:Reconstructed range 3307:Varanus komodoensis 3136:Kanha Tiger Reserve 2623:permanent dentition 2404:subcutaneous tissue 2227:Peninsular Malaysia 2054:A small subspecies 1330:(Rosenberg, 1878), 1326:(Rosenberg, 1878), 1319:(Reichenbach, 1846) 1287:(Fitzinger, 1860), 1279:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1263:(Rütimeyer, 1862), 1247:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1239:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1207:(Fitzinger, 1858), 1109:Nominate subspecies 658:Proto-Indo-European 271:, and elsewhere in 93:Conservation status 15099:Collared peccary ( 14969:Flores warty pig ( 14810:Giant forest hog ( 14672:Maxwell's duiker ( 14594:Ruwenzori duiker ( 14540:Jentink's duiker ( 14449:Sharpe's grysbok ( 14205:Tibetan antelope ( 14110:Bright's gazelle ( 14044:Goitered gazelle ( 14017:Mountain gazelle ( 13990:Cuvier's gazelle ( 13930:Mongalla gazelle ( 13318:Pyrenean chamois ( 12744:Tibetan antelope ( 12698:Black wildebeest ( 11525:Reeves's muntjac ( 11489:Sumatran muntjac ( 11480:Gongshan muntjac ( 11253:Water chevrotain ( 11180:Alpine musk deer ( 11107:Southern giraffe ( 11098:Northern giraffe ( 10891:Pigasus (politics) 10753:Olivia (character) 10691:My Brother the Pig 10044:"Boar, Wild" 9730:10.1002/jwmg.21436 9675:10.1002/jwmg.21845 9535:Scientific Reports 9288:10.1002/jwmg.22042 8839:Green, M. (2002). 8598:The New York Times 8492:By (1 July 2019). 8291:on 2 February 2017 8079:The New York Times 7840:. BBC News. 2010. 7013:10.3390/ani6040025 6151:Asian Perspectives 6083:Elenchus animalium 5554:. pp. 15–38. 5471:10.7150/ijbs.3.153 4935: 4836: 4722:, being of higher 4614: 4602: 4572:Duke of Gloucester 4466: 4314: 4298: 4256:Egyptian mythology 4226:, and a disguised 4182: 4155: 4139: 4096:hemorrhagic sepsis 4002: 3905: 3854:Espiritu Santo Bay 3719:Wild boars are an 3717: 3710:American alligator 3689:The New York Times 3544: 3390:into the southern 3289:On the islands of 3227: 3139: 2839: 2825:Male Indian boar ( 2782:On the islands of 2666: 2658: 2614: 2582: 2580:) piglets suckling 2431: 2419: 2388: 2380: 2334:Synonymous species 2301:Sulawesi warty pig 2289: 2029:and southern Iran 1814:S. s. meridionalis 1811:Mediterranean boar 1604:Central Asian boar 1592:(Lydekker, 1900), 1356:North African boar 1334:(De Beaux, 1924), 1315:(S. D. W., 1836), 1295:(Erxleben, 1777), 1215:(Erxleben, 1777), 1203:(Linnaeus, 1758), 1136:(Erxleben, 1777), 1132:wild populations: 960:S. s. meridionalis 945: 882: 781:Pig of the sounder 488:native to much of 456: 269:sub-Saharan Africa 15797:Mammals of Europe 15764: 15763: 15697:Open Tree of Life 15370:Taxon identifiers 15361: 15360: 15357: 15356: 15353: 15352: 15330: 15329: 15251: 15250: 15247: 15246: 15243: 15242: 15119: 15118: 15115: 15114: 15111: 15110: 15075:Chacoan peccary ( 15026: 15025: 15014:Javan warty pig ( 15005:Timor warty pig ( 14812:H. meinertzhageni 14786:Togian babirusa ( 14725: 14724: 14721: 14720: 14717: 14716: 14681:Walter's duiker ( 14621:Abbott's duiker ( 14585:Ogilby's duiker ( 14531:Harvey's duiker ( 14495:Brooke's duiker ( 14461: 14460: 14241: 14240: 14182: 14181: 14119:Peter's gazelle ( 14101:Grant's gazelle ( 14035:Speke's gazelle ( 13808: 13807: 13804: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13685: 13655: 13654: 13643:African buffalo ( 13474:B. depressicornis 13429: 13428: 13343: 13342: 13339: 13338: 13111:Himalayan goral ( 12933:C. cylindricornis 12800: 12799: 12796: 12795: 12756: 12755: 12719: 12718: 12707:Blue wildebeest ( 12641:Common tsessebe ( 12592: 12591: 12555: 12554: 12518: 12517: 12430:K. ellipsiprymnus 12403: 12402: 12262: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12202:P. mephistophiles 12158:P. mephistophiles 11849: 11848: 11545:M. truongsonensis 11507:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 11408: 11407: 11404: 11403: 11376: 11375: 11319:Java mouse-deer ( 11228: 11227: 11198:Black musk deer ( 11171:Dwarf musk deer ( 11162:Anhui musk deer ( 11137: 11136: 11100:G. camelopardalis 11049: 11048: 10918: 10917: 10830:Toot & Puddle 10823:This Little Piggy 10590:Floyd of Rosedale 10276:Intensive farming 10060:Toxoplasma gondii 10015:978-0-8018-5789-8 9886:978-88-253-7904-4 9848:978-3-8290-5528-4 9796:10.1111/gcb.15769 9624:10.1002/ecs2.2379 8917:Pegg, C. (2001), 8877:978-81-208-1113-3 8766:978-0-761-80509-0 8706:on 8 August 2017. 8679:on 18 March 2012. 8527:Toxoplasma gondii 7764:Helsingin Sanomat 7365:Mammalian Biology 7284:Gupta, S. et al. 7254:10.1002/ece3.2045 7122:978-0-85199-748-3 7048:. Whipsnade Zoo. 6842:Suiform Soundings 6292:978-0-19-920704-6 6220:978-0-909596-75-0 5892:978-0-8018-8221-0 5871:Sus scrofa scrofa 5775:978-1-84593-756-0 5338:. pp. 19–82. 5188:978-0-8018-8221-0 5045:singularis porcus 5012:Romance languages 4992:Boars in heraldry 4888:Attacks on humans 4724:nutritional value 4686:French Revolution 4630:Scipio Aemilianus 4618:Upper Paleolithic 4334:Germanic paganism 4318:Germanic cultures 4128:Upper Paleolithic 4041:Toxoplasma gondii 3925:Rio Grande do Sul 3864:and the coast of 3708:" confronting an 3560:English Civil War 3434:, there are only 3366:and north of the 3268:Manchurian wapiti 3222:) being eaten by 3091:bivalved molluscs 2809:branches and dry 2733:Białowieża Forest 2399:Sexual dimorphism 2338:The Heude's pig ( 2276: 2275: 2272: 2255:(Jentink, 1905), 2197: 2180:(Nehring, 1889), 2103: 2102:(Adlerberg, 1930) 2068:Trans-Baikal boar 1983:Middle Asian boar 1977: 1873:S. s. moupinensis 1861: 1853: 1751: 1744: 1736: 1727:former Yugoslavia 1685: 1677: 1641:S. s. leucomystax 1597: 1584:(Hodgson, 1842), 1568:(Hodgson, 1842), 1483: 1411: 1403: 1346:(Rolleston, 1877) 1259:(Nehring, 1884), 1056:S. s. moupinensis 1048:S. s. moupinensis 1036:S. s. leucomystax 1016:is high-skulled, 897:Early Pleistocene 852: 851: 841: 836: 825: 820: 804: 799: 788: 783: 767: 762: 746: 741: 526:Early Pleistocene 478:Eurasian wild pig 451: 445: 444: 116: 27:Species of mammal 16:(Redirected from 15829: 15792:Palearctic fauna 15757: 15756: 15744: 15743: 15731: 15730: 15718: 15717: 15705: 15704: 15692: 15691: 15679: 15678: 15669: 15668: 15656: 15655: 15653:NBNSYS0000005142 15643: 15642: 15630: 15629: 15617: 15616: 15604: 15603: 15591: 15590: 15578: 15577: 15565: 15564: 15552: 15551: 15539: 15538: 15526: 15525: 15513: 15512: 15500: 15499: 15487: 15486: 15474: 15473: 15461: 15460: 15448: 15447: 15438: 15437: 15425: 15424: 15412: 15411: 15410: 15397: 15396: 15395: 15365: 15364: 15280: 15279: 15271: 15270: 15257: 15256: 15148: 15147: 15139: 15138: 15125: 15124: 15037: 15036: 14843:Common warthog ( 14834:Desert warthog ( 14754: 14753: 14745: 14744: 14731: 14730: 14630:Weyns's duiker ( 14504:Peters' duiker ( 14486:Aders's duiker ( 14472: 14471: 14359:Royal antelope ( 14317:Salt's dik-dik ( 14308:Silver dik-dik ( 14299:Kirk's dik-dik ( 14252: 14251: 14229:Saiga antelope ( 14191: 14190: 14130:N. soemmerringii 13999:Dorcas gazelle ( 13844: 13843: 13835: 13834: 13828: 13814: 13813: 13701:Mountain nyala ( 13684: 13683: 13675: 13666: 13665: 13621:P. nghetinhensis 13523:European bison ( 13514:American bison ( 13440: 13439: 13379: 13378: 13370: 13369: 13363: 13349: 13348: 13225:Domestic sheep ( 13069:Himalayan tahr ( 13036:Mainland serow ( 13018:Japanese serow ( 12827: 12826: 12820: 12806: 12805: 12730: 12729: 12603: 12602: 12566: 12565: 12529: 12528: 12506:Bohor reedbuck ( 12414: 12413: 12393:A. nasomaculatus 12316:Sable antelope ( 12293: 12292: 12284: 12283: 12277: 12268: 12267: 12030:Merida brocket ( 11860: 11859: 11801:Thorold's deer ( 11653:A. calamianensis 11536:M. rooseveltorum 11482:M. gongshanensis 11439: 11438: 11430: 11429: 11423: 11414: 11413: 11239: 11238: 11148: 11147: 11127:G. tippelskirchi 11060: 11059: 11023: 11022: 11014: 11013: 11000: 10999: 10945: 10938: 10931: 10922: 10921: 10907: 10906: 10677:Blandings Castle 10521: 10485: 10398: 10324: 10272: 10258: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10143: 10142: 10091: 10074:(1–2): 323–327. 10054: 10046: 10026: 9995: 9969: 9931: 9890: 9871: 9867:978-88-96348-178 9852: 9824: 9823: 9778: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9748: 9742: 9741: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9646: 9637: 9636: 9626: 9594: 9585: 9584: 9574: 9526: 9517: 9516: 9506: 9488: 9456: 9450: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9420:on 9 August 2017 9419: 9413:. Archived from 9380: 9371: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9354: 9323: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9263: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9246: 9239: 9221: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9149: 9143: 9142: 9106: 9100: 9082: 9076: 9053: 9047: 9033: 9027: 9026:, pp. 30–35 9021: 9015: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8980: 8966: 8960: 8951: 8945: 8935: 8929: 8915: 8909: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8884:on 5 March 2023. 8880:. Archived from 8861: 8855: 8854: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8813: 8807: 8801: 8795: 8794:, pp. 14–15 8789: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8721: 8708: 8707: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8675:. Archived from 8664: 8658: 8657: 8642:Liaudies kultūra 8633: 8627: 8626: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8569: 8568: 8558: 8548: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8463:"Hogs Gone Wild" 8459: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8437:The Conversation 8428: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8411: 8400: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8314:. g1.globo.com. 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8214: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8197:on 20 April 2018 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8159: 8153: 8137: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8096: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8076: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7992: 7986: 7985: 7979: 7977: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7902: 7896: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7773: 7767: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7735: 7729: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7665: 7654: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7577: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7543: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7356: 7350: 7349:, pp. 96–97 7344: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7306: 7300: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7265: 7240:(8): 2569–2578. 7225: 7219: 7218: 7193:(5): 1073–1089. 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7130: 7124: 7110: 7104: 7103:, pp. 55–58 7098: 7089: 7088:, pp. 87–90 7083: 7077: 7076:, pp. 83–86 7071: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7025: 7015: 6991: 6985: 6984:, pp. 20–22 6979: 6973: 6972: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6922: 6916: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6878:, pp. 70–72 6873: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6777: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6734: 6732:10.1038/386335a0 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6673: 6658: 6648: 6631:(39): 15276–81. 6622: 6613: 6607: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6554: 6522: 6513: 6512: 6502: 6492: 6460: 6454: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6415: 6409: 6394:Dicotyles tajacu 6390:collared peccary 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6357:. Archived from 6350: 6344: 6343:, pp. 14–15 6338: 6332: 6331:, pp. 86–89 6326: 6320: 6319: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6275: 6254: 6240: 6234: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6206: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6179: 6148: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6074: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5861: 5855: 5841: 5832: 5810: 5797: 5783: 5777: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5577: 5566: 5565: 5543: 5520: 5519:, pp. 75–76 5514: 5505: 5502: 5493: 5492: 5482: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5351: 5340: 5339: 5328:Washington, D.C. 5313: 5224: 5223: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5157: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5080: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5032: 5023: 5008: 4976: 4971: 4970: 4962: 4957: 4956: 4816: 4813: 4807: 4796:Volgograd Oblast 4791: 4779:Pig-sticking in 4776: 4767: 4764: 4758: 4743: 4470:Japanese culture 4459: 4456: 4451:Erymanthian boar 4216:Erymanthian Boar 4193:hunter gatherers 4174:P. E. Svinhufvud 4035:Balantidium coli 3858:Matagorda Island 3721:invasive species 3654: 3266:, alongside the 3179:Martes flavigula 3109:, brought on by 3012:poisonous plants 2749:Russian Far East 2598:gestation period 2589: 2588: 2566:female-dominated 2415:Richard Lydekker 2297:Papua New Guinea 2267:(Miller, 1906), 2263:(Miller, 1906), 2251:(Miller, 1906), 2243: 2216: 2172: 2120: 2098: 2048: 2040:S. s. riukiuanus 1900: 1881: 1856: 1848: 1822: 1803:(central Italy) 1771: 1746: 1743:(Ulmansky, 1911) 1739: 1731: 1705: 1680: 1672: 1649: 1616: 1588:(Miller, 1906), 1556: 1502: 1482:(Matschie, 1918) 1478: 1429: 1406: 1398: 1368: 1338:(Finsch, 1886), 1322:New Guinea pig: 1231:(Sanson, 1878), 1199:(Sanson, 1878), 1183:(Sanson, 1878), 1169: 1160:(Gmelin, 1788), 1148:(Pallas, 1811), 1117: 1076: 1075: 1040:S. s. riukiuanus 848: 840:Over seven years 839: 832: 823: 816: 811: 802: 795: 786: 779: 774: 765: 758: 753: 744: 737: 723: 690: 679: 645: 634: 589:boar–pig hybrids 518:invasive species 452: 438: 430: 422: 411: 396: 388: 380: 372: 361: 350: 338: 330: 319: 311: 254: 234: 131: 130: 110: 105: 104: 73: 50: 49: 21: 15837: 15836: 15832: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15827: 15826: 15802:Mammals of Asia 15767: 15766: 15765: 15760: 15752: 15747: 15739: 15734: 15726: 15721: 15713: 15708: 15700: 15695: 15687: 15684:Observation.org 15682: 15674: 15672: 15664: 15659: 15651: 15646: 15638: 15633: 15625: 15620: 15612: 15607: 15599: 15594: 15586: 15581: 15573: 15568: 15560: 15555: 15547: 15542: 15534: 15529: 15521: 15516: 15508: 15503: 15495: 15490: 15482: 15477: 15469: 15464: 15456: 15451: 15443: 15441: 15433: 15428: 15420: 15415: 15406: 15405: 15400: 15391: 15390: 15385: 15372: 15362: 15349: 15326: 15302: 15265: 15239: 15197: 15133: 15107: 15083: 15059: 15022: 14989:S. philippensis 14926:S. ahoenobarbus 14908: 14900:Red river hog ( 14875: 14851: 14818: 14794: 14768:Buru babirusa ( 14739: 14713: 14705:Common duiker ( 14689: 14647: 14457: 14415: 14391: 14367: 14325: 14274: 14237: 14213: 14178: 14163:P. picticaudata 14136: 14076: 14052: 14046:G. subgutturosa 13965: 13914: 13890: 13866: 13829: 13818: 13796: 13763: 13755:Cape bushbuck ( 13748:T. strepsiceros 13677: 13676: 13674: 13651: 13627: 13603: 13498: 13490:Mountain anoa ( 13425: 13419:B. tragocamelus 13401: 13395:T. quadricornis 13364: 13353: 13335: 13302: 13278: 13234:Bighorn sheep ( 13200: 13176: 13152: 13144:Mountain goat ( 13128: 13120:Chinese goral ( 13077: 13053: 13038:C. sumatraensis 13002: 12985:Siberian ibex ( 12949:Domestic goat ( 12897: 12873: 12849: 12841:Barbary sheep ( 12821: 12810: 12792: 12780: 12768: 12752: 12715: 12682: 12658: 12625: 12588: 12551: 12514: 12472: 12399: 12375: 12349:Scimitar oryx ( 12324: 12307:Roan antelope ( 12278: 12272: 12250: 12208: 12200:Northern pudu ( 12174: 12166:Southern pudu ( 12156:Northern pudu ( 12140: 12116: 12092: 12057:Pygmy brocket ( 12039:Dwarf brocket ( 11996: 11963: 11939: 11906: 11882: 11845: 11785: 11734: 11710: 11677: 11651:Calamian deer ( 11626: 11620:D. mesopotamica 11593: 11569: 11563:M. vuquangensis 11561:Giant muntjac ( 11471:Fea's muntjac ( 11424: 11418: 11400: 11388: 11372: 11303: 11261: 11224: 11182:M. chrysogaster 11133: 11125:Masai giraffe ( 11082: 11045: 11008: 10994: 10956: 10949: 10919: 10914: 10895: 10864: 10771:Pinky and Perky 10765:Pink Floyd pigs 10698:Charlotte's Web 10566: 10562:Boar–pig hybrid 10522: 10513: 10483: 10394: 10322: 10306:Cross-fostering 10301:Gestation crate 10268: 10254: 10241: 10175: 10170: 10041: 10033: 10016: 9993: 9967: 9962:English Studies 9929: 9924:Wayback Machine 9897: 9895:Further reading 9887: 9868: 9849: 9833: 9828: 9827: 9779: 9775: 9765: 9763: 9750: 9749: 9745: 9702: 9698: 9647: 9640: 9595: 9588: 9527: 9520: 9457: 9453: 9447:Wayback Machine 9437: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9417: 9378: 9372: 9368: 9358: 9356: 9352: 9321: 9315: 9311: 9264: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9219: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9193: 9150: 9146: 9123:10.2307/2659696 9117:(2): 329–351 . 9107: 9103: 9093:Wayback Machine 9083: 9079: 9065:Wayback Machine 9054: 9050: 9034: 9030: 9022: 9018: 9002: 8998: 8994:, pp. 9–58 8990: 8983: 8967: 8963: 8952: 8948: 8936: 8932: 8916: 8912: 8896: 8889: 8878: 8867:Vedic Mythology 8862: 8858: 8851: 8837: 8833: 8818:Háskóla Íslands 8814: 8810: 8802: 8798: 8790: 8786: 8776: 8774: 8767: 8747: 8743: 8736: 8722: 8711: 8688: 8684: 8665: 8661: 8634: 8630: 8623: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8581: 8572: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8498:Popular Science 8490: 8486: 8476: 8474: 8461: 8460: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8429: 8425: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8398: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8335: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8228: 8224: 8208: 8207: 8200: 8198: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8170:on 12 June 2007 8160: 8156: 8149:Wayback Machine 8138: 8123: 8113: 8111: 8098: 8097: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8034: 8030: 8020: 8018: 8008: 8004: 7993: 7989: 7975: 7973: 7958:Monbiot, George 7955: 7951: 7941: 7939: 7930: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7871: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7847: 7845: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7808:Linnaeus, 1758" 7800: 7796: 7786: 7784: 7783:on 4 March 2016 7775: 7774: 7770: 7761: 7757: 7750: 7736: 7732: 7726:Wayback Machine 7717: 7713: 7706: 7692: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7667: 7666: 7657: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7618: 7602: 7598: 7590: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7510: 7506: 7487: 7483: 7448: 7444: 7411: 7407: 7388: 7384: 7357: 7353: 7345: 7338: 7328: 7326: 7307: 7303: 7297:Current Science 7293:Wayback Machine 7283: 7279: 7226: 7222: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7111: 7107: 7099: 7092: 7084: 7080: 7072: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7044: 7043: 7039: 6992: 6988: 6980: 6976: 6944: 6940: 6932: 6925: 6917: 6906: 6898: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6874: 6861: 6851: 6849: 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6803: 6799: 6752: 6748: 6703: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6620: 6614: 6610: 6601:Wayback Machine 6592: 6588: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6523: 6516: 6475:(38): 16135–8. 6461: 6457: 6451:Wayback Machine 6441: 6437: 6430: 6416: 6412: 6387:Wayback Machine 6378: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6351: 6347: 6339: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6276: 6257: 6241: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6146: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6109: 6105: 6094: 6090: 6075: 6071: 6065: 6061: 6051: 6049: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6001: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5935: 5931: 5918:Sus scrofa aper 5912: 5908: 5893: 5862: 5858: 5842: 5835: 5811: 5800: 5784: 5780: 5764: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5596: 5588:. p. 248. 5578: 5569: 5562: 5544: 5523: 5515: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5447: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5417:"Boar – mammal" 5415: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5385: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5352: 5343: 5314: 5227: 5208: 5204: 5189: 5158: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5081: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5014:. Although the 5009: 5005: 5000: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4948: 4919: 4890: 4860:Belovezh forest 4828: 4821: 4814: 4808: 4799: 4792: 4783: 4777: 4768: 4765: 4759: 4750: 4744: 4586: 4580: 4508:Altai Uriankhai 4486:mountain people 4482:year of the Pig 4478:Oriental zodiac 4457: 4413:Charaka Samhita 4393:Hindu mythology 4389:Vedic mythology 4260:foundation myth 4246:to depart from 4201:Greek mythology 4121: 4116: 4017:Gastrodiscoides 3990: 3977: 3941: 3893: 3880:Tierpark Berlin 3873:Edwards Plateau 3862:San José Island 3856:and colonizing 3776:Hamilton County 3765:Sullivan County 3742: 3698: 3652: 3587:Gloucestershire 3578:and another in 3533: 3468: 3412:Altai Mountains 3320: 3315: 3264:Siberian tigers 3253:Panthera tigris 3234:Panthera pardus 3125: 2965:temperate zones 2829:) feeding on a 2827:S. s. cristatus 2819: 2800:Channel Islands 2656:, Sikkim, India 2646: 2641: 2628:sexual maturity 2586: 2585: 2562: 2372: 2360:Sus bucculentus 2340:Sus bucculentus 2336: 2281: 2192:(Heude, 1897), 2188:(Heude, 1892), 2184:(Heude, 1897), 2176:(Heude, 1888), 2153:S. s. sibiricus 2142:S. s. ussuricus 2071:S. s. sibiricus 1992:Blanford, 1875 1972:(Heude, 1892), 1968:(Heude, 1892), 1964:(Heude, 1892), 1960:(Heude, 1888), 1956:(Heude, 1892), 1952:(Heude, 1888), 1948:(Heude, 1892), 1944:(Heude, 1892), 1940:(Heude, 1888), 1936:(Heude, 1892), 1932:(Heude, 1892), 1928:(Heude, 1899), 1924:(Heude, 1888), 1920:(Heude, 1892), 1916:(Heude, 1892), 1912:(Heude, 1899), 1908:(Heude, 1888), 1904:(Heude, 1892), 1860:(Ströbel, 1882) 1854: 1789:specimens into 1745: 1737: 1678: 1676:(Nehring, 1885) 1652:Temminck, 1842 1572:(Blyth, 1860), 1494:S. s. cristatus 1418:Carpathian boar 1404: 1402:(Sclater, 1860) 1349: 1189:campanogallicus 1164: 1156:(Moore, 1870), 1120:Linnaeus, 1758 1107: 1052:S. s. ussuricus 1032:S. s. ussuricus 1028:S. s. sibiricus 1020:is low-skulled. 1014:S. s. cristatus 1010:S. s. cristatus 933: 857: 718: 682:New High German 624:stems from the 605: 577:big-game animal 545:breeding season 474:common wild pig 447: 441: 436: 429:Rolleston, 1877 428: 417: 402: 394: 386: 378: 367: 356: 344: 337:Rosenberg, 1878 336: 325: 318:Rosenberg, 1878 317: 306: 300: 299: 277:Northern Canada 245: 236: 230: 217: 125: 117: 106: 102: 95: 64: 54: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15835: 15825: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15762: 15761: 15759: 15758: 15745: 15732: 15719: 15706: 15693: 15680: 15670: 15657: 15644: 15631: 15618: 15605: 15592: 15579: 15566: 15553: 15540: 15527: 15514: 15505:Fauna Europaea 15501: 15488: 15475: 15462: 15449: 15439: 15426: 15413: 15398: 15382: 15380: 15374: 15373: 15359: 15358: 15355: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15347: 15340: 15338: 15332: 15331: 15328: 15327: 15325: 15324: 15320:C. liberiensis 15314: 15312: 15304: 15303: 15301: 15300: 15294:Hippopotamus ( 15290: 15288: 15277: 15275:Hippopotamidae 15267: 15266: 15253: 15252: 15249: 15248: 15245: 15244: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15237: 15228: 15224:C. dromedarius 15219: 15209: 15207: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15195: 15186: 15177: 15168: 15158: 15156: 15145: 15135: 15134: 15121: 15120: 15117: 15116: 15113: 15112: 15109: 15108: 15106: 15105: 15095: 15093: 15085: 15084: 15082: 15081: 15071: 15069: 15061: 15060: 15058: 15057: 15047: 15045: 15034: 15028: 15027: 15024: 15023: 15021: 15020: 15011: 15007:S. timoriensis 15002: 14993: 14984: 14975: 14966: 14960:Domestic pig ( 14957: 14948: 14939: 14930: 14920: 14918: 14910: 14909: 14907: 14906: 14897: 14887: 14885: 14877: 14876: 14874: 14873: 14863: 14861: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14849: 14840: 14836:P. aethiopicus 14830: 14828: 14820: 14819: 14817: 14816: 14806: 14804: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14792: 14788:B. togeanensis 14783: 14774: 14764: 14762: 14751: 14741: 14740: 14727: 14726: 14723: 14722: 14719: 14718: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14711: 14701: 14699: 14691: 14690: 14688: 14687: 14678: 14669: 14659: 14657: 14649: 14648: 14646: 14645: 14639:Zebra duiker ( 14636: 14627: 14618: 14614:C. silvicultor 14609: 14600: 14591: 14582: 14573: 14567:Black duiker ( 14564: 14555: 14551:C. leucogaster 14546: 14537: 14528: 14519: 14510: 14501: 14492: 14482: 14480: 14469: 14463: 14462: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14446: 14440:Cape grysbok ( 14437: 14427: 14425: 14417: 14416: 14414: 14413: 14403: 14401: 14393: 14392: 14390: 14389: 14383:Klipspringer ( 14379: 14377: 14369: 14368: 14366: 14365: 14356: 14347: 14337: 14335: 14327: 14326: 14324: 14323: 14314: 14310:M. piacentinii 14305: 14296: 14286: 14284: 14276: 14275: 14273: 14272: 14262: 14260: 14249: 14243: 14242: 14239: 14238: 14236: 14235: 14225: 14223: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14211: 14201: 14199: 14188: 14184: 14183: 14180: 14179: 14177: 14176: 14172:P. przewalskii 14167: 14158: 14148: 14146: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14134: 14125: 14116: 14107: 14098: 14092:Dama gazelle ( 14088: 14086: 14078: 14077: 14075: 14074: 14064: 14062: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14050: 14041: 14032: 14026:Rhim gazelle ( 14023: 14014: 14005: 13996: 13987: 13977: 13975: 13967: 13966: 13964: 13963: 13954: 13945: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13916: 13915: 13913: 13912: 13902: 13900: 13892: 13891: 13889: 13888: 13884:A. marsupialis 13878: 13876: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13864: 13854: 13852: 13841: 13831: 13830: 13810: 13809: 13806: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13794: 13788:Common eland ( 13785: 13775: 13773: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13761: 13752: 13746:Greater kudu ( 13743: 13734: 13725: 13716: 13707: 13698: 13688: 13686: 13663: 13657: 13656: 13653: 13652: 13650: 13649: 13639: 13637: 13629: 13628: 13626: 13625: 13615: 13613: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13601: 13592: 13583: 13574: 13565: 13559:Domestic yak ( 13556: 13547: 13538: 13529: 13520: 13510: 13508: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13496: 13487: 13483:B. mindorensis 13478: 13472:Lowland anoa ( 13469: 13460: 13450: 13448: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13427: 13426: 13424: 13423: 13413: 13411: 13403: 13402: 13400: 13399: 13389: 13387: 13376: 13366: 13365: 13345: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13333: 13324: 13314: 13312: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13300: 13290: 13288: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13276: 13267: 13258: 13249: 13240: 13231: 13222: 13212: 13210: 13202: 13201: 13199: 13198: 13192:Nilgiri tahr ( 13188: 13186: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13174: 13164: 13162: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13150: 13140: 13138: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13126: 13117: 13108: 13099: 13089: 13087: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13075: 13065: 13063: 13055: 13054: 13052: 13051: 13045:Taiwan serow ( 13042: 13033: 13024: 13014: 13012: 13004: 13003: 13001: 13000: 12991: 12982: 12976:Iberian ibex ( 12973: 12964: 12955: 12946: 12937: 12928: 12919: 12909: 12907: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12895: 12885: 12883: 12875: 12874: 12872: 12871: 12865:Arabian tahr ( 12861: 12859: 12851: 12850: 12848: 12847: 12837: 12835: 12823: 12822: 12802: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12782: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12770: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12758: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12750: 12740: 12738: 12727: 12721: 12720: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12713: 12704: 12694: 12692: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12670: 12668: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12656: 12647: 12637: 12635: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12623: 12613: 12611: 12600: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12589: 12587: 12586: 12576: 12574: 12563: 12557: 12556: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12549: 12539: 12537: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12512: 12503: 12499:R. fulvorufula 12494: 12484: 12482: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12470: 12461: 12452: 12443: 12434: 12424: 12422: 12411: 12405: 12404: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12387: 12385: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12373: 12367:Arabian oryx ( 12364: 12355: 12346: 12336: 12334: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12313: 12303: 12301: 12290: 12280: 12279: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12256: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12249: 12248: 12244:O. virginianus 12239: 12230: 12220: 12218: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12206: 12197: 12187: 12185: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12172: 12163: 12152: 12150: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12138: 12128: 12126: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12114: 12110:O. bezoarticus 12104: 12102: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12090: 12081: 12072: 12063: 12054: 12050:M. gouazoubira 12048:Gray brocket ( 12045: 12036: 12027: 12018: 12008: 12006: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11994: 11985: 11975: 11973: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11961: 11951: 11949: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11937: 11928: 11918: 11916: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11904: 11894: 11892: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11880: 11870: 11868: 11857: 11851: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11843: 11834: 11825: 11816: 11807: 11803:C. albirostris 11797: 11795: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11774: 11765: 11756: 11746: 11744: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11732: 11722: 11720: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11708: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11675: 11666: 11657: 11648: 11638: 11636: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11624: 11615: 11605: 11603: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11591: 11587:E. cephalophus 11581: 11579: 11571: 11570: 11568: 11567: 11558: 11549: 11540: 11531: 11522: 11516:Leaf muntjac ( 11513: 11509:M. puhoatensis 11504: 11495: 11486: 11477: 11468: 11459: 11449: 11447: 11436: 11426: 11425: 11410: 11409: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11390: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11378: 11377: 11374: 11373: 11371: 11370: 11366:T. williamsoni 11361: 11352: 11343: 11334: 11325: 11315: 11313: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11292: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11263: 11262: 11260: 11259: 11249: 11247: 11236: 11230: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11222: 11218:M. moschiferus 11213: 11209:M. leucogaster 11204: 11195: 11186: 11177: 11173:M. berezovskii 11168: 11158: 11156: 11145: 11139: 11138: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11122: 11113: 11104: 11094: 11092: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11080: 11070: 11068: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11043: 11033: 11031: 11020: 11018:Antilocapridae 11010: 11009: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10990:Laurasiatheria 10986: 10980: 10974: 10968: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10948: 10947: 10940: 10933: 10925: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10912: 10910:Category: Pigs 10900: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10872: 10870: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10862: 10857: 10855:Hamilton Hocks 10852: 10847: 10840: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10812: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10788: 10781: 10774: 10767: 10762: 10761: 10760: 10750: 10743: 10736: 10729: 10722: 10715: 10708: 10701: 10694: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10673: 10666: 10659: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10623: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10605: 10604: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10580:Freddy the Pig 10576: 10574: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10553: 10552: 10547: 10536: 10534: 10524: 10523: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10480: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10422:Pig's trotters 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10391: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10319: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10251: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10239: 10236:Sus domesticus 10231: 10223: 10217: 10211: 10205: 10199: 10193: 10187: 10180: 10177: 10176: 10169: 10168: 10161: 10154: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10106: 10092: 10055: 10039: 10032: 10031:External links 10029: 10028: 10027: 10014: 10001: 9991: 9982: 9965: 9958: 9944: 9927: 9913: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9891: 9885: 9872: 9866: 9853: 9847: 9832: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9790:(3): 877–882. 9773: 9743: 9716:(4): 674–681. 9696: 9661:(4): 739–748. 9638: 9586: 9518: 9451: 9431: 9389:(2): 117–119. 9366: 9309: 9274:(5): 868–879. 9258: 9230:(2): 221–233. 9203: 9164:(4): 939–946. 9144: 9101: 9077: 9048: 9028: 9016: 8996: 8981: 8961: 8946: 8930: 8910: 8887: 8876: 8856: 8849: 8831: 8808: 8796: 8784: 8765: 8741: 8734: 8709: 8682: 8659: 8628: 8621: 8604: 8587: 8570: 8533:Acta Vet Scand 8515: 8484: 8454: 8423: 8387: 8356: 8329: 8302: 8275: 8244: 8222: 8181: 8154: 8121: 8091: 8063: 8042:Argyll Bute 24 8028: 8002: 7987: 7949: 7923: 7897: 7881: 7855: 7829: 7817: 7794: 7768: 7755: 7748: 7730: 7711: 7704: 7686: 7655: 7635: 7616: 7596: 7563: 7504: 7481: 7442: 7405: 7382: 7371:(4): 518–520. 7351: 7336: 7321:(3): 345–346. 7301: 7277: 7220: 7177: 7151: 7125: 7105: 7090: 7078: 7063: 7037: 6986: 6974: 6938: 6923: 6904: 6892: 6880: 6859: 6828: 6797: 6746: 6697: 6685: 6608: 6586: 6566: 6537:(4): 1785–91. 6514: 6455: 6435: 6428: 6410: 6402:Tayassu tajacu 6372: 6345: 6333: 6321: 6298: 6291: 6255: 6235: 6226: 6219: 6201: 6191: 6134: 6103: 6088: 6069: 6059: 6024: 5995: 5960: 5929: 5906: 5891: 5856: 5833: 5798: 5778: 5758: 5746: 5720: 5687: 5657: 5627: 5601: 5594: 5567: 5560: 5521: 5506: 5494: 5465:(3): 153–165. 5459:Int J Biol Sci 5438: 5408: 5375: 5368: 5341: 5225: 5202: 5187: 5121: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5050: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4974:Animals portal 4963: 4960:Mammals portal 4947: 4944: 4918: 4915: 4889: 4886: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4809: 4802: 4800: 4793: 4786: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4769: 4760: 4753: 4751: 4745: 4738: 4622:Ancient Greeks 4582:Main article: 4579: 4576: 4562:served as the 4554:. As with the 4546:. As with the 4544:Welsh heraldry 4364:Celtic deities 4324:, such as the 4176:from Luumäki ( 4151:Sevso Treasure 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4091:Pasteurellosis 4011:Metastrongylus 3989: 3986: 3976: 3973: 3955:, such as the 3940: 3937: 3892: 3889: 3850:Calhoun County 3846:San Diego Zoos 3819:South Carolina 3787:North Carolina 3761:Carl Hagenbeck 3741: 3738: 3697: 3694: 3663:George Monbiot 3633: 3632: 3621: 3618: 3595:Forest of Dean 3532: 3529: 3509:Wadi El Natrun 3467: 3464: 3428:Sea of Okhotsk 3376:Aegean Islands 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3224:Komodo dragons 3220:S. s. vittatus 3163:Panthera uncia 3124: 3121: 3099:bonnet macaque 3002:subspecies in 2948: 2947: 2901: 2883: 2869: 2818: 2815: 2745:Transcaucasian 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2561: 2558: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2491: 2452:Central Europe 2444:Eastern Europe 2371: 2368: 2356:Annamite Range 2335: 2332: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2259:(Mees, 1957), 2241: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2210: 2208:S. s. vittatus 2199: 2198: 2170: 2156: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2123:Swinhoe, 1863 2121: 2114: 2112:S. s. taivanus 2105: 2104: 2096: 2085: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059:Ryukyu Islands 2055: 2052: 2049: 2042: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2013:, the eastern 2004: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1986:S. s. nigripes 1979: 1978: 1898: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1875: 1864: 1863: 1852:(Thomas, 1912) 1846: 1833: 1826: 1823: 1816: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1798: 1775: 1772: 1765: 1754: 1753: 1750:(Bolkay, 1925) 1735:(Groves, 1981) 1729: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1699: 1693:Anatolian boar 1688: 1687: 1670: 1668:Ryukyu Islands 1656: 1653: 1650: 1643: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1610: 1599: 1598: 1580:(Gray, 1868), 1576:(Gray, 1843), 1564:(Gray, 1868), 1560:(Gray, 1847), 1554: 1529: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1485: 1484: 1476: 1439: 1433: 1430: 1423: 1414: 1413: 1396: 1383: 1376:junior synonym 1372: 1369: 1362: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1320: 1283:(Gray, 1868), 1267:(Gray, 1862), 1219:(Gray, 1847), 1170: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1111: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1066:S. s. vittatus 1059: 1044:S. s. taivanus 1021: 999: 980:S. s. nigripes 932: 929: 901:Villafranchian 899:. By the late 856: 853: 850: 849: 842: 837: 834:Grand old boar 829: 828: 826: 821: 813: 812: 805: 800: 792: 791: 789: 784: 776: 775: 768: 763: 755: 754: 747: 742: 734: 733: 730: 727: 717: 714: 613:Modern English 604: 601: 522:Southeast Asia 443: 442: 440: 439: 431: 423: 412: 397: 389: 381: 373: 362: 351: 339: 331: 320: 312: 297: 296: 295: 292: 291: 285: 284: 256: 255: 247: 246: 237: 226: 225: 219: 218: 214:S. scrofa 211: 209: 205: 204: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 119: 118: 100: 97: 96: 91: 88: 87: 75: 74: 66: 65: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15834: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15755: 15750: 15746: 15742: 15737: 15733: 15729: 15724: 15720: 15716: 15711: 15707: 15703: 15698: 15694: 15690: 15685: 15681: 15677: 15671: 15667: 15662: 15658: 15654: 15649: 15645: 15641: 15636: 15632: 15628: 15623: 15619: 15615: 15610: 15606: 15602: 15597: 15593: 15589: 15584: 15580: 15576: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15558: 15554: 15550: 15545: 15541: 15537: 15532: 15528: 15524: 15519: 15515: 15511: 15506: 15502: 15498: 15493: 15489: 15485: 15480: 15476: 15472: 15467: 15463: 15459: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15440: 15436: 15431: 15427: 15423: 15418: 15414: 15409: 15403: 15399: 15394: 15388: 15384: 15383: 15381: 15379: 15375: 15371: 15366: 15346: 15342: 15341: 15339: 15337: 15333: 15323: 15321: 15316: 15315: 15313: 15311: 15310: 15305: 15299: 15297: 15292: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15286: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15272: 15268: 15264: 15258: 15254: 15236: 15234: 15229: 15227: 15225: 15220: 15218: 15216: 15215:C. bactrianus 15211: 15210: 15208: 15206: 15205: 15200: 15194: 15192: 15187: 15185: 15183: 15178: 15176: 15174: 15169: 15167: 15165: 15160: 15159: 15157: 15155: 15154: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15140: 15136: 15132: 15126: 15122: 15104: 15102: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15092: 15091: 15086: 15080: 15078: 15073: 15072: 15070: 15068: 15067: 15062: 15056: 15054: 15049: 15048: 15046: 15044: 15043: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15019: 15017: 15016:S. verrucosus 15012: 15010: 15008: 15003: 15001: 14999: 14994: 14992: 14990: 14985: 14983: 14981: 14976: 14974: 14972: 14967: 14965: 14963: 14962:S. domesticus 14958: 14956: 14954: 14953:S. celebensis 14949: 14947: 14945: 14940: 14938: 14936: 14931: 14929: 14927: 14922: 14921: 14919: 14917: 14916: 14911: 14905: 14903: 14898: 14896: 14894: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14884: 14883: 14882:Potamochoerus 14878: 14872: 14870: 14865: 14864: 14862: 14860: 14859: 14854: 14848: 14846: 14841: 14839: 14837: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14827: 14826: 14821: 14815: 14813: 14808: 14807: 14805: 14803: 14802: 14797: 14791: 14789: 14784: 14782: 14780: 14779:B. celebensis 14775: 14773: 14771: 14766: 14765: 14763: 14761: 14760: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14746: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14728: 14710: 14708: 14703: 14702: 14700: 14698: 14697: 14692: 14686: 14684: 14679: 14677: 14675: 14670: 14668: 14666: 14663:Blue duiker ( 14661: 14660: 14658: 14656: 14655: 14650: 14644: 14642: 14637: 14635: 14633: 14628: 14626: 14624: 14619: 14617: 14615: 14610: 14608: 14606: 14601: 14599: 14597: 14592: 14590: 14588: 14583: 14581: 14579: 14578:C. nigrifrons 14574: 14572: 14570: 14565: 14563: 14561: 14560:C. natalensis 14556: 14554: 14552: 14547: 14545: 14543: 14538: 14536: 14534: 14529: 14527: 14525: 14520: 14518: 14516: 14511: 14509: 14507: 14506:C. callipygus 14502: 14500: 14498: 14493: 14491: 14489: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14479: 14478: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14464: 14454: 14452: 14447: 14445: 14443: 14438: 14436: 14434: 14433:R. campestris 14429: 14428: 14426: 14424: 14423: 14418: 14412: 14410: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14399: 14394: 14388: 14386: 14385:O. oreotragus 14381: 14380: 14378: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14364: 14362: 14357: 14355: 14353: 14348: 14346: 14344: 14339: 14338: 14336: 14334: 14333: 14328: 14322: 14320: 14315: 14313: 14311: 14306: 14304: 14302: 14297: 14295: 14293: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283: 14282: 14277: 14271: 14269: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14258: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14244: 14234: 14232: 14227: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14221: 14216: 14210: 14208: 14203: 14202: 14200: 14198: 14197: 14192: 14189: 14185: 14175: 14173: 14168: 14166: 14164: 14159: 14157: 14155: 14150: 14149: 14147: 14145: 14144: 14139: 14133: 14131: 14126: 14124: 14122: 14117: 14115: 14113: 14108: 14106: 14104: 14099: 14097: 14095: 14090: 14089: 14087: 14085: 14084: 14079: 14073: 14071: 14066: 14065: 14063: 14061: 14060: 14055: 14049: 14047: 14042: 14040: 14038: 14033: 14031: 14029: 14028:G. leptoceros 14024: 14022: 14020: 14015: 14013: 14011: 14006: 14004: 14002: 13997: 13995: 13993: 13988: 13986: 13984: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13974: 13973: 13968: 13962: 13960: 13955: 13953: 13951: 13946: 13944: 13942: 13937: 13935: 13933: 13932:E. albonotata 13928: 13927: 13925: 13923: 13922: 13917: 13911: 13909: 13908:A. cervicapra 13904: 13903: 13901: 13899: 13898: 13893: 13887: 13885: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13875: 13874: 13869: 13863: 13861: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13851: 13850: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13826: 13822: 13815: 13811: 13793: 13791: 13786: 13784: 13782: 13779:Giant eland ( 13777: 13776: 13774: 13772: 13771: 13766: 13760: 13758: 13757:T. sylvaticus 13753: 13751: 13749: 13744: 13742: 13740: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13726: 13724: 13722: 13719:Lesser kudu ( 13717: 13715: 13713: 13708: 13706: 13704: 13699: 13697: 13695: 13690: 13689: 13687: 13681: 13673: 13672: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13658: 13648: 13646: 13641: 13640: 13638: 13636: 13635: 13630: 13624: 13622: 13617: 13616: 13614: 13612: 13611: 13606: 13600: 13598: 13593: 13591: 13589: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13575: 13573: 13571: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13557: 13555: 13553: 13548: 13546: 13544: 13539: 13537: 13535: 13534:B. domesticus 13532:Bali cattle ( 13530: 13528: 13526: 13521: 13519: 13517: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13506: 13501: 13495: 13493: 13488: 13486: 13484: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13470: 13468: 13466: 13461: 13459: 13457: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13432: 13422: 13420: 13415: 13414: 13412: 13410: 13409: 13404: 13398: 13396: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13386: 13385: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13371: 13367: 13361: 13357: 13350: 13346: 13332: 13330: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13310: 13305: 13299: 13297: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13287: 13286: 13281: 13275: 13273: 13268: 13266: 13264: 13259: 13257: 13255: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13236:O. canadensis 13232: 13230: 13228: 13223: 13221: 13219: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13209: 13208: 13203: 13197: 13195: 13190: 13189: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13183:Nilgiritragus 13179: 13173: 13171: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13161: 13160: 13155: 13149: 13147: 13146:O. americanus 13142: 13141: 13139: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13125: 13123: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13109: 13107: 13105: 13100: 13098: 13096: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13085: 13080: 13074: 13072: 13071:H. jemlahicus 13067: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13061: 13056: 13050: 13048: 13043: 13041: 13039: 13034: 13032: 13030: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13011: 13010: 13005: 12999: 12997: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12983: 12981: 12979: 12974: 12972: 12970: 12967:Nubian ibex ( 12965: 12963: 12961: 12958:Alpine ibex ( 12956: 12954: 12952: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12938: 12936: 12934: 12929: 12927: 12925: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12911: 12910: 12908: 12906: 12905: 12900: 12894: 12892: 12887: 12886: 12884: 12882: 12881: 12876: 12870: 12868: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12857: 12852: 12846: 12844: 12839: 12838: 12836: 12834: 12833: 12828: 12824: 12818: 12814: 12807: 12803: 12789: 12787: 12783: 12777: 12775: 12771: 12765: 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12736: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12725:Pantholopinae 12722: 12712: 12710: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12690: 12685: 12679: 12677: 12676:A. buselaphus 12672: 12671: 12669: 12667: 12666: 12661: 12655: 12653: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12622: 12620: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12609: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12595: 12585: 12583: 12580:Grey rhebok ( 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12572: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12558: 12548: 12546: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12524:Aepycerotinae 12521: 12511: 12509: 12504: 12502: 12500: 12495: 12493: 12491: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12481: 12480: 12475: 12469: 12467: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12455:Nile lechwe ( 12453: 12451: 12449: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12435: 12433: 12431: 12426: 12425: 12423: 12421: 12420: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12396: 12394: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12378: 12372: 12370: 12365: 12363: 12361: 12356: 12354: 12352: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12338: 12337: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12327: 12321: 12319: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12299: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12288:Hippotraginae 12285: 12281: 12276: 12269: 12265: 12247: 12245: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12217: 12216: 12211: 12205: 12203: 12198: 12196: 12194: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12182: 12177: 12171: 12169: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12137: 12135: 12134:B. dichotomus 12130: 12129: 12127: 12125: 12124: 12119: 12113: 12111: 12108:Pampas deer ( 12106: 12105: 12103: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12089: 12087: 12082: 12080: 12078: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12068:M. nemorivaga 12064: 12062: 12060: 12055: 12053: 12051: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12028: 12026: 12024: 12019: 12017: 12015: 12012:Red brocket ( 12010: 12009: 12007: 12005: 12004: 11999: 11993: 11991: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11981:H. antisensis 11977: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11971: 11966: 11960: 11958: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11947: 11942: 11936: 11934: 11929: 11927: 11925: 11920: 11919: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11909: 11903: 11901: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11890: 11885: 11879: 11877: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11866: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11852: 11842: 11840: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11826: 11824: 11822: 11821:C. canadensis 11817: 11815: 11813: 11808: 11806: 11804: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11794: 11793: 11788: 11782: 11780: 11775: 11773: 11771: 11770:R. timorensis 11766: 11764: 11762: 11757: 11755: 11753: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11743: 11742: 11737: 11731: 11729: 11728:E. davidianus 11724: 11723: 11721: 11719: 11718: 11713: 11707: 11705: 11700: 11698: 11696: 11695:R. duvaucelii 11691: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11685: 11680: 11674: 11672: 11667: 11665: 11663: 11660:Bawean deer ( 11658: 11656: 11654: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11640: 11639: 11637: 11635: 11634: 11629: 11623: 11621: 11616: 11614: 11612: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11601: 11596: 11590: 11588: 11585:Tufted deer ( 11583: 11582: 11580: 11578: 11577: 11572: 11566: 11564: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11532: 11530: 11528: 11523: 11521: 11519: 11518:M. putaoensis 11514: 11512: 11510: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11464:M. crinifrons 11460: 11458: 11456: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11445: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11431: 11427: 11422: 11415: 11411: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11369: 11367: 11362: 11360: 11358: 11357:T. versicolor 11353: 11351: 11349: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11335: 11333: 11331: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11298: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11284: 11282: 11280: 11275: 11274: 11272: 11270: 11269: 11264: 11258: 11256: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11231: 11221: 11219: 11214: 11212: 11210: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11196: 11194: 11192: 11187: 11185: 11183: 11178: 11176: 11174: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11164:M. anhuiensis 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11154: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11140: 11130: 11128: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11118:G. reticulata 11114: 11112: 11110: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11079: 11077: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11001: 10997: 10991: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10979: 10975: 10973: 10969: 10967: 10963: 10962: 10959: 10954: 10946: 10941: 10939: 10934: 10932: 10927: 10926: 10923: 10911: 10902: 10901: 10898: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10841: 10839: 10838: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10824: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10787: 10786: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10775: 10773: 10772: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10759: 10756: 10755: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10748: 10744: 10742: 10741: 10737: 10735: 10734: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10705:The Sheep-Pig 10702: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10693: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10672: 10671: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10602: 10601:Pigs in Space 10598: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10520: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10482: 10481: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10271: 10267: 10266: 10263: 10260: 10257: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10222: 10218: 10216: 10212: 10210: 10206: 10204: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10192: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10167: 10162: 10160: 10155: 10153: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10112: 10107: 10104: 10100: 10098: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10056: 10052: 10051: 10045: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10034: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10011: 10007: 10002: 9999: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9966: 9963: 9959: 9957: 9956:0-8139-3103-7 9953: 9949: 9945: 9943: 9939: 9935: 9928: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9914: 9911: 9907: 9906:L.) in Italy" 9905: 9899: 9898: 9888: 9882: 9878: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9859: 9854: 9850: 9844: 9840: 9835: 9834: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9777: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9747: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9700: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9645: 9643: 9634: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9609:(8): e02379. 9608: 9604: 9600: 9593: 9591: 9582: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9525: 9523: 9514: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9455: 9448: 9444: 9441: 9435: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9377: 9370: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9262: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9218: 9216: 9207: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9148: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9074:1-904871-60-7 9071: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9052: 9046: 9045:0-313-32147-7 9042: 9038: 9032: 9025: 9020: 9014: 9013:0-9524390-6-9 9010: 9006: 9000: 8993: 8988: 8986: 8979: 8978:1-85109-358-3 8975: 8971: 8965: 8958: 8957: 8950: 8943: 8941: 8934: 8928: 8927:0-295-98112-1 8924: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8907:0-19-925518-0 8904: 8900: 8894: 8892: 8883: 8879: 8873: 8869: 8868: 8860: 8852: 8850:1-134-66531-8 8846: 8842: 8835: 8827: 8823: 8819: 8812: 8806:, pp. 16 8805: 8800: 8793: 8788: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8753: 8745: 8737: 8735:1-884964-98-2 8731: 8727: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8686: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8663: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8632: 8624: 8622:951-773-085-3 8618: 8614: 8608: 8600: 8599: 8591: 8584: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8566: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8528: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8488: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8427: 8408: 8404: 8397: 8391: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8317: 8313: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8279: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8248: 8233: 8226: 8218: 8212: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8169: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8150: 8146: 8143: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8095: 8080: 8075: 8067: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8032: 8017: 8013: 8006: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7911: 7908:. BBC. 1970. 7907: 7901: 7894: 7890: 7885: 7869: 7865: 7859: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7826: 7821: 7813: 7809: 7807: 7798: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7765: 7759: 7751: 7749:951-0-29101-3 7745: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7715: 7707: 7705:951-45-4760-8 7701: 7697: 7690: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7653: 7652:3-11-025458-1 7649: 7645: 7639: 7623: 7619: 7617:9780226736570 7613: 7609: 7608: 7600: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7574: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7508: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7437: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7418: 7409: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7343: 7341: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7102: 7097: 7095: 7087: 7082: 7075: 7070: 7068: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6942: 6936:, pp. 28 6935: 6930: 6928: 6921:, pp. 29 6920: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6902:, pp. 28 6901: 6896: 6890:, pp. 26 6889: 6884: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6832: 6816: 6812: 6811:IUCN Red List 6808: 6801: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6717:(6623): 335. 6716: 6712: 6708: 6701: 6695:, pp. 87 6694: 6689: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6595: 6590: 6579: 6578: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6519: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6459: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6439: 6431: 6429:9781931707091 6425: 6421: 6414: 6408:", 2007-4-30. 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6381: 6376: 6360: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6337: 6330: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6311: 6302: 6294: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6253: 6252:0-12-408355-2 6249: 6245: 6239: 6230: 6222: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6195: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6099: 6092: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6063: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6028: 6012: 6008: 6007: 5999: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5973: 5972:Sus europaeus 5964: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5853:0-521-34178-7 5850: 5846: 5840: 5838: 5831: 5830:2-8317-0141-4 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5796: 5795:0-521-63495-4 5792: 5788: 5782: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5756:, pp. 24 5755: 5750: 5734: 5730: 5724: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5691: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5597: 5595:0-8130-0621-X 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5563: 5561:3-540-43804-1 5557: 5553: 5549: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5454: 5445: 5443: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5369:2-8317-0141-4 5365: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5221: 5217: 5215: 5206: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5070: 5054: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5007: 5003: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4964: 4961: 4955: 4950: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4900: 4895: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4832: 4820: 4819:Danube Valley 4806: 4801: 4797: 4794:Boar shot in 4790: 4785: 4782: 4781:British India 4775: 4770: 4757: 4752: 4749: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4674:deforestation 4671: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4606: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4513:Kyrgyz people 4509: 4506: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4463: 4458: 550 BC 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4347:According to 4345: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4295: 4294:Clan Campbell 4292: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4186:Indo-European 4179: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4136: 4132: 4131:cave painting 4129: 4125: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4057:Rhipicephalus 4053: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4029:Taenia solium 4025: 4024: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4007: 3999: 3994: 3985: 3981: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3909:South America 3902: 3897: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3869: 3868:, Louisiana. 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3823:West Virginia 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803:Carmel Valley 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757:Austin Corbin 3754: 3753:New Hampshire 3749: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3658:Farming Today 3650: 3646: 3645:Monmouthshire 3642: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3591:Herefordshire 3588: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3537: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3466:Present range 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:Baraba steppe 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3362:valley up to 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3340:Sunda Islands 3337: 3333: 3332:British Isles 3329: 3325: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3303:Komodo dragon 3300: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3208:in the area. 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159:snow leopards 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143:Eurasian lynx 3137: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3119:) as a pack. 3118: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3079:Caspian roach 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3057:like newborn 3056: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:carbohydrates 2966: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896:, along with 2895: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2765:Transbaikalia 2762: 2758: 2757:Mongolian oak 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2713:mixed forests 2710: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543:honey badgers 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2514:Its sense of 2509: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488:Contact calls 2486: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2473:Lake Balkhash 2468: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2384: 2376: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2279:Domestication 2271:(Heude, 1899) 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2196:(Heude, 1897) 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2178:continentalis 2175: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2109:Formosan boar 2107: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2093:Transbaikalia 2090: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2077:Staffe, 1922 2076: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2051:Kuroda, 1924 2050: 2047: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025:and possibly 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976:(Heude, 1888) 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910:chirodonticus 1907: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1797:is doubtful. 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1777:Smaller than 1776: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759:Maremman boar 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1742: 1741:mediterraneus 1734: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715:Transcaucasia 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1697:S. s. libycus 1695: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1684:(Heude, 1899) 1683: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1637:Japanese boar 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1619:Groves, 1981 1618: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1596:(Blyth, 1851) 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1512:black unlike 1511: 1507: 1505:Wagner, 1839 1504: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1472:and northern 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462:Transcaucasia 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1432:Thomas, 1912 1431: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:sennaariensis 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1000: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 972:S. s. lybicus 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 950: 949: 948: 942: 937: 928: 926: 922: 918: 917: 916:S. verrucosus 912: 911: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 880: 876: 872: 868: 867: 861: 847: 843: 838: 835: 831: 830: 827: 822: 819: 815: 814: 810: 806: 801: 798: 794: 793: 790: 785: 782: 778: 777: 773: 769: 764: 761: 757: 756: 752: 748: 743: 740: 736: 735: 731: 728: 725: 724: 721: 713: 711: 707: 706: 700: 698: 694: 689: 688: 683: 678: 677: 676: 669: 668: 663: 659: 655: 651: 649: 644: 643: 638: 637:West Germanic 633: 632: 627: 623: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609:Great Britain 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 575:breeds and a 574: 570: 566: 565:Komodo dragon 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 541:lacrimal bone 538: 533: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 514:IUCN Red List 511: 510:least concern 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 466: 461: 435: 432: 427: 424: 420: 416: 413: 409: 405: 401: 398: 393: 390: 385: 382: 377: 374: 370: 366: 363: 359: 355: 352: 348: 343: 340: 335: 332: 328: 324: 321: 316: 313: 309: 305: 302: 301: 293: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 253: 248: 244: 240: 235: 233: 227: 224: 223:Binomial name 220: 216: 215: 210: 207: 206: 203: 202: 198: 195: 194: 191: 188: 185: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 129: 124: 120: 114: 109: 108:Least Concern 98: 94: 89: 85: 81: 76: 72: 67: 63: 59: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 15377: 15319: 15307: 15296:H. amphibius 15295: 15285:Hippopotamus 15283: 15263:Whippomorpha 15232: 15223: 15214: 15202: 15190: 15181: 15172: 15163: 15151: 15100: 15088: 15076: 15064: 15052: 15040: 15015: 15006: 14997: 14995: 14988: 14979: 14970: 14961: 14952: 14944:S. cebifrons 14943: 14934: 14925: 14913: 14901: 14892: 14880: 14868: 14856: 14845:P. africanus 14844: 14835: 14825:Phacochoerus 14823: 14811: 14799: 14787: 14778: 14770:B. babyrussa 14769: 14757: 14706: 14694: 14682: 14674:P. maxwellii 14673: 14665:P. monticola 14664: 14652: 14640: 14631: 14622: 14613: 14605:C. rufilatus 14604: 14595: 14586: 14577: 14568: 14559: 14550: 14541: 14532: 14523: 14522:Bay duiker ( 14515:C. crusalbum 14514: 14505: 14496: 14487: 14475: 14467:Cephalophini 14450: 14442:R. melanotis 14441: 14432: 14420: 14408: 14396: 14384: 14372: 14360: 14352:N. moschatus 14351: 14342: 14330: 14318: 14309: 14300: 14292:M. guentheri 14291: 14279: 14268:D. megalotis 14267: 14255: 14230: 14218: 14207:P. hodgsonii 14206: 14194: 14171: 14162: 14154:P. gutturosa 14153: 14141: 14129: 14120: 14111: 14102: 14093: 14081: 14069: 14057: 14045: 14036: 14027: 14018: 14010:G. erlangeri 14009: 14000: 13991: 13983:G. bennettii 13982: 13970: 13958: 13950:E. thomsonii 13949: 13941:E. rufifrons 13940: 13931: 13919: 13907: 13895: 13883: 13871: 13859: 13847: 13789: 13781:T. derbianus 13780: 13768: 13756: 13747: 13738: 13729: 13720: 13712:T. eurycerus 13711: 13702: 13693: 13669: 13661:Tragelaphini 13644: 13632: 13620: 13608: 13596: 13587: 13579:B. javanicus 13578: 13569: 13561:B. grunniens 13560: 13551: 13543:B. frontalis 13542: 13533: 13524: 13515: 13503: 13491: 13482: 13473: 13464: 13455: 13443: 13418: 13406: 13394: 13382: 13329:R. rupicapra 13328: 13320:R. pyrenaica 13319: 13307: 13295: 13283: 13271: 13262: 13261:Snow sheep ( 13253: 13244: 13243:Dall sheep ( 13235: 13226: 13217: 13205: 13194:N. hylocrius 13193: 13181: 13170:O. moschatus 13169: 13157: 13145: 13133: 13121: 13112: 13103: 13094: 13082: 13070: 13058: 13046: 13037: 13028: 13019: 13007: 12995: 12994:Walia ibex ( 12986: 12978:C. pyrenaica 12977: 12968: 12959: 12950: 12942:C. falconeri 12941: 12932: 12923: 12914: 12902: 12891:B. taxicolor 12890: 12878: 12866: 12854: 12842: 12830: 12746:P. hodgsonii 12745: 12733: 12708: 12699: 12689:Connochaetes 12687: 12675: 12674:Hartebeest ( 12663: 12651: 12642: 12630: 12618: 12606: 12598:Alcelaphinae 12582:P. capreolus 12581: 12569: 12544: 12532: 12507: 12498: 12490:R. arundinum 12489: 12477: 12465: 12457:K. megaceros 12456: 12447: 12438: 12429: 12417: 12392: 12380: 12368: 12359: 12350: 12341: 12329: 12317: 12308: 12296: 12243: 12234: 12225: 12213: 12201: 12192: 12179: 12167: 12157: 12145: 12133: 12132:Marsh deer ( 12121: 12109: 12097: 12085: 12076: 12067: 12058: 12049: 12040: 12031: 12022: 12014:M. americana 12013: 12001: 11989: 11980: 11970:Hippocamelus 11968: 11956: 11944: 11932: 11924:C. capreolus 11923: 11911: 11899: 11898:Water deer ( 11887: 11875: 11863: 11838: 11829: 11820: 11811: 11802: 11790: 11778: 11769: 11761:R. mariannus 11760: 11751: 11739: 11727: 11715: 11703: 11702:Eld's deer ( 11694: 11693:Barasingha ( 11682: 11670: 11661: 11652: 11643: 11631: 11619: 11610: 11598: 11586: 11574: 11562: 11554:M. vaginalis 11553: 11544: 11535: 11526: 11517: 11508: 11499: 11490: 11481: 11472: 11463: 11455:M. atherodes 11454: 11442: 11365: 11356: 11348:T. nigricans 11347: 11338: 11329: 11321:T. javanicus 11320: 11308: 11296: 11287: 11278: 11266: 11255:H. aquaticus 11254: 11242: 11217: 11208: 11199: 11190: 11181: 11172: 11163: 11151: 11126: 11117: 11108: 11099: 11087: 11076:O. johnstoni 11075: 11063: 11039:A. americana 11038: 11026: 10988:Superorder: 10982:Infraclass: 10953:Artiodactyla 10842: 10835: 10828: 10814: 10807: 10790: 10783: 10776: 10769: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10724: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10696: 10689: 10675: 10668: 10661: 10654: 10625: 10539: 10527: 10358:Chitterlings 10234: 10226: 10203:Artiodactyla 10110: 10096: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10048: 10005: 9997: 9994:(in Italian) 9985: 9971: 9961: 9947: 9933: 9912:a, 3:213–221 9909: 9903: 9876: 9858:Il Cinghiale 9857: 9841:. Könemann. 9838: 9831:Bibliography 9787: 9783: 9776: 9764:. Retrieved 9755: 9746: 9713: 9709: 9699: 9658: 9654: 9606: 9602: 9538: 9534: 9468: 9464: 9454: 9434: 9422:. Retrieved 9415:the original 9386: 9382: 9369: 9357:. Retrieved 9332:(2): 89–91. 9329: 9325: 9312: 9271: 9267: 9261: 9249:. Retrieved 9227: 9223: 9214: 9206: 9196:25 September 9194:. Retrieved 9161: 9157: 9147: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9096: 9080: 9056: 9051: 9036: 9031: 9024:Scheggi 1999 9019: 9004: 8999: 8992:Scheggi 1999 8969: 8964: 8955: 8949: 8938: 8933: 8918: 8913: 8898: 8882:the original 8866: 8859: 8840: 8834: 8817: 8811: 8804:Scheggi 1999 8799: 8792:Scheggi 1999 8787: 8775:. Retrieved 8751: 8744: 8725: 8704:the original 8699: 8695: 8685: 8677:the original 8672: 8662: 8641: 8631: 8612: 8607: 8596: 8590: 8585:, p. 63 8583:Cabanau 2001 8536: 8532: 8526: 8518: 8506:. Retrieved 8497: 8487: 8475:. Retrieved 8466: 8457: 8445:. Retrieved 8436: 8426: 8414:. Retrieved 8405:. May 2020. 8402: 8390: 8378:. Retrieved 8369: 8359: 8347:. Retrieved 8332: 8320:. Retrieved 8305: 8293:. Retrieved 8289:the original 8278: 8266:. Retrieved 8247: 8235:. Retrieved 8225: 8199:. Retrieved 8195:the original 8184: 8172:. Retrieved 8168:the original 8157: 8140: 8112:. Retrieved 8103: 8094: 8082:. Retrieved 8078: 8066: 8054:. Retrieved 8041: 8031: 8019:. Retrieved 8015: 8005: 7990: 7981: 7976:16 September 7974:. Retrieved 7966:The Guardian 7965: 7952: 7940:. Retrieved 7926: 7914:. Retrieved 7900: 7893:The Forester 7892: 7884: 7872:. Retrieved 7858: 7846:. Retrieved 7832: 7820: 7811: 7805: 7797: 7785:. Retrieved 7781:the original 7771: 7763: 7758: 7739: 7733: 7728:(in Finnish) 7714: 7695: 7689: 7677:. Retrieved 7643: 7638: 7626:. Retrieved 7606: 7599: 7588:the original 7583: 7579: 7566: 7534:): 496–503. 7523: 7517: 7507: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7408: 7399: 7395: 7385: 7368: 7364: 7361:Cuon alpinus 7360: 7354: 7327:. Retrieved 7318: 7314: 7304: 7296: 7280: 7237: 7233: 7223: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7168:. Retrieved 7154: 7142:. Retrieved 7128: 7113: 7108: 7081: 7054:. Retrieved 7040: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6982:Scheggi 1999 6977: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6934:Cabanau 2001 6919:Cabanau 2001 6895: 6883: 6850:. Retrieved 6845: 6841: 6831: 6819:. Retrieved 6810: 6800: 6768:(7086): E7. 6765: 6759: 6749: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6693:Scheggi 1999 6688: 6676:. Retrieved 6628: 6624: 6611: 6604: 6589: 6576: 6569: 6534: 6530: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6438: 6419: 6413: 6401: 6393: 6375: 6363:. Retrieved 6359:the original 6348: 6336: 6329:Scheggi 1999 6324: 6315: 6309: 6301: 6282: 6243: 6238: 6229: 6210: 6204: 6194: 6182:. Retrieved 6157:(1): 59–74. 6154: 6150: 6137: 6125:. Retrieved 6116: 6106: 6097: 6091: 6082: 6072: 6062: 6050:. Retrieved 6041: 6037: 6027: 6015:. Retrieved 6005: 5998: 5986:. Retrieved 5977: 5971: 5963: 5951:. Retrieved 5942: 5932: 5923: 5917: 5909: 5881: 5877:Wilson, D.E. 5870: 5869:"Subspecies 5859: 5844: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5786: 5781: 5766: 5761: 5754:Cabanau 2001 5749: 5737:. Retrieved 5723: 5711:. Retrieved 5700: 5690: 5678:. Retrieved 5669: 5660: 5648:. Retrieved 5639: 5630: 5618:. Retrieved 5604: 5581: 5547: 5462: 5458: 5452: 5429:. Retrieved 5420: 5411: 5399:. Retrieved 5390: 5359: 5355: 5323: 5318: 5219: 5213: 5205: 5177: 5173:Wilson, D.E. 5166: 5112:. Retrieved 5098: 5092: 5086: 5053: 5042:derive from 5006: 4987:Boar-baiting 4940: 4936: 4924: 4920: 4903: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4837: 4700: 4698: 4690: 4658: 4654:Saint George 4633: 4615: 4584:Boar hunting 4529: 4502: 4498:Meiji period 4489: 4467: 4399:has the god 4386: 4379: 4346: 4315: 4236:Hyperboreans 4212:third labour 4197:Göbekli Tepe 4183: 4177: 4147:Lake Balaton 4089: 4078:Swine plague 4076: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3982: 3978: 3964: 3956: 3942: 3906: 3877: 3870: 3834:Leon Springs 3831: 3784: 3773: 3750: 3743: 3734:pseudorabies 3718: 3687: 3671: 3656: 3638: 3634: 3584: 3545: 3513: 3469: 3346:to southern 3326:and much of 3324:North Africa 3321: 3306: 3288: 3276:Sikhote Alin 3271: 3257: 3252: 3246: 3242:Ovis gmelini 3241: 3233: 3228: 3219: 3202:Cuon alpinus 3201: 3189: 3183: 3178: 3171:Ursus arctos 3170: 3162: 3154: 3146: 3140: 3114: 3052: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 2999: 2949: 2924:insectivores 2892:, twigs and 2840: 2834: 2826: 2804: 2781: 2777:Turkmenistan 2737:broad-leaved 2702: 2694:Central Asia 2672:from boreal 2667: 2615: 2583: 2578:S. s. scrofa 2577: 2563: 2554:α-neurotoxin 2532: 2528:color vision 2513: 2508:Combat calls 2507: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2482: 2469: 2432: 2427:Hans Hoffman 2397: 2393:canine teeth 2389: 2363: 2359: 2339: 2337: 2325: 2309:domesticated 2290: 2268: 2264: 2261:peninsularis 2260: 2257:pallidiloris 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2207: 2202: 2193: 2190:mandchuricus 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2152: 2148:Heude, 1888 2141: 2138: 2111: 2108: 2099: 2070: 2067: 2039: 2036: 2001:S. s. attila 2000: 1997:S. s. scrofa 1996: 1985: 1982: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1894:and west to 1872: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1849: 1830:S. s. scrofa 1829: 1813: 1810: 1795:S. s. scrofa 1794: 1791:S. s. majori 1790: 1787:S. s. scrofa 1786: 1783:S. s. scrofa 1782: 1779:S. s. scrofa 1778: 1763:S. s. majori 1762: 1757: 1747: 1740: 1738: 1732: 1696: 1691: 1681: 1679: 1673: 1640: 1635: 1608:S. s. davidi 1607: 1602: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1526:S. s. scrofa 1525: 1522:S. s. scrofa 1521: 1518:S. s. scrofa 1517: 1514:S. s. davidi 1513: 1493: 1488: 1479: 1437:S. s. scrofa 1436: 1421:S. s. attila 1420: 1417: 1407: 1405: 1399: 1380:S. s. scrofa 1379: 1371:Loche, 1867 1360:S. s. algira 1359: 1354: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1281:sennaarensis 1280: 1277:sennaarensis 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1173:domestic pig 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1133: 1105:S. s. scrofa 1104: 1099: 1088:Description 1065: 1061: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018:S. s. davidi 1017: 1013: 1009: 1006:S. s. davidi 1005: 1001: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 976:S. s. majori 975: 971: 968:S. s. attila 967: 964:S. s. algira 963: 959: 956:S. s. scrofa 955: 951: 946: 941:domestic pig 914: 908: 904: 883: 878: 866:Sus strozzii 864: 833: 817: 796: 780: 766:10–12 months 759: 738: 719: 704: 701: 696: 692: 674: 653: 652: 647: 620: 606: 573:domestic pig 534: 498:the Americas 494:North Africa 481: 480:, or simply 477: 473: 469: 464: 463: 459: 457: 433: 425: 414: 399: 395:Finsch, 1886 391: 387:Miller, 1902 383: 379:Miller, 1901 375: 364: 353: 341: 333: 322: 314: 304:andamanensis 303: 231: 229: 213: 212: 200: 180:Artiodactyla 84:S. s. scrofa 83: 47: 15822:Sus (genus) 15635:NatureServe 15557:iNaturalist 15402:Wikispecies 15173:L. guanicoe 15032:Tayassuidae 14996:Wild boar ( 14935:S. barbatus 14893:P. larvatus 14869:P. salvania 14867:Pygmy hog ( 14801:Hylochoerus 14654:Philantomba 14542:C. jentinki 14524:C. dorsalis 14477:Cephalophus 14361:N. pygmaeus 14319:M. saltiana 14257:Dorcatragus 14231:S. tatarica 14121:N. petersii 14059:Litocranius 13959:E. tilonura 13906:Blackbuck ( 13882:Springbok ( 13825:Antilopinae 13823:(subfamily 13770:Taurotragus 13737:Sitatunga ( 13730:T. scriptus 13721:T. imberbis 13678:(including 13671:Tragelaphus 13492:B. quarlesi 13374:Boselaphini 13358:(subfamily 13263:O. nivicola 13104:N. caudatus 13093:Red goral ( 13084:Naemorhedus 13047:C. swinhoei 13027:Red serow ( 13009:Capricornis 12987:C. sibirica 12924:C. caucasia 12915:C. aegagrus 12913:Wild goat ( 12867:A. jayakari 12856:Arabitragus 12815:(subfamily 12786:Antilopinae 12709:C. taurinus 12652:D. pygargus 12545:A. melampus 12466:K. vardonii 12428:Waterbuck ( 12369:O. leucoryx 12298:Hippotragus 12226:O. hemionus 12224:Mule deer ( 12123:Blastocerus 12032:M. bricenii 11990:H. bisulcus 11957:R. tarandus 11933:C. pygargus 11855:Capreolinae 11837:Sika deer ( 11779:R. unicolor 11768:Rusa deer ( 11671:A. porcinus 11491:M. montanus 11288:M. kathygre 11037:Pronghorn ( 11028:Antilocapra 10792:Porco Rosso 10778:Preston Pig 10670:Bad Piggies 10627:Animal Farm 10407:Boston butt 10064:Trichinella 10037:BBC profile 9968:(in French) 9930:(in French) 9541:(1): 6924. 9465:BMC Ecology 8696:Archaeology 8508:13 November 8477:11 November 8447:11 November 8416:11 November 8380:13 November 8056:21 November 7874:13 November 7429:: 554–561. 6380:The related 6184:19 December 6127:19 December 6052:19 December 6017:19 December 5988:19 December 5953:19 December 5945:: 391–393. 5680:21 November 5650:21 November 5114:16 November 4852:watermelons 4846:and damage 4840:agriculture 4815: 1530 4766: 1540 4728:amino acids 4711:Boar's head 4670:Renaissance 4525:Miao people 4435:of Vishnu. 4051:Dermacentor 3842:Saint Louis 3838:San Antonio 3827:Mississippi 3791:Hooper Bald 3730:trichinosis 3726:brucellosis 3599:Ross on Wye 3576:East Sussex 3521:Archangelsk 3460:Tarim basin 3420:Lake Baikal 3408:Novosibirsk 3380:Lake Ladoga 3344:Scandinavia 3330:; from the 3260:Amur region 3190:Canis lupus 3167:brown bears 3155:Felis chaus 3151:jungle cats 3071:Volga Delta 3055:vertebrates 2977:willow herb 2761:Korean pine 2686:Carpathians 2551:snake venom 2494:Alarm calls 2370:Description 2219:Boie, 1828 2139:Ussuri boar 2089:Lake Baikal 2037:Ryukyu boar 2027:Afghanistan 2007:Middle Asia 1974:taininensis 1946:microdontus 1938:leucorhinus 1906:chirodontus 1902:acrocranius 1708:Gray, 1868 1662:, save for 1594:zeylonensis 1570:bengalensis 1490:Indian boar 1408:sahariensis 1344:ternatensis 1241:lusitanicus 1138:castilianus 1079:Subspecies 1062:Indonesian: 921:bearded pig 910:S. strozzii 893:Philippines 875:Pleistocene 745:0–10 months 726:Designation 712:for 'sow'. 626:Old English 603:Terminology 524:during the 454:Boar growls 426:ternatensis 384:nicobaricus 354:floresianus 265:New Zealand 58:Pleistocene 15782:Wild boars 15771:Categories 15435:Sus_scrofa 15422:Sus_scrofa 15408:Sus scrofa 15378:Sus scrofa 15309:Choeropsis 15191:L. vicugna 15077:C. wagneri 14980:S. oliveri 14971:S. heureni 14707:S. grimmia 14696:Sylvicapra 14683:P. walteri 14596:C. rubidis 14587:C. ogilbyi 14533:C. harveyi 14497:C. brookei 14451:R. sharpei 14431:Steenbok ( 14422:Raphicerus 14374:Oreotragus 14247:Neotragini 14196:Pantholops 14112:N. notatus 14070:L. walleri 14019:G. gazella 13992:G. cuvieri 13981:Chinkara ( 13873:Antidorcas 13860:A. clarkei 13849:Ammodorcas 13839:Antilopini 13739:T. spekeii 13703:T. buxtoni 13694:T. angasii 13586:Wild yak ( 13570:B. indicus 13525:B. bonasus 13465:B. bubalis 13408:Boselaphus 13384:Tetracerus 13254:O. gmelini 13122:N. griseus 13095:N. baileyi 13060:Hemitragus 13029:C. rubidus 13020:C. crispus 12969:C. nubiana 12832:Ammotragus 12735:Pantholops 12665:Alcelaphus 12650:Bontebok ( 12643:D. lunatus 12632:Damaliscus 12619:B. hunteri 12508:R. redunca 12409:Reduncinae 12360:O. gazella 12309:H. equinus 12235:O. pandora 12215:Odocoileus 12099:Ozotoceros 11955:Reindeer ( 11900:H. inermis 11889:Hydropotes 11812:C. elaphus 11810:Red deer ( 11752:R. alfredi 11669:Hog deer ( 11527:M. reevesi 11500:M. muntjak 11330:T. kanchil 11297:M. meminna 11244:Hyemoschus 11234:Tragulidae 11191:M. cupreus 11109:G. giraffa 11055:Giraffidae 11006:Ruminantia 10844:Wibbly Pig 10837:Huxley Pig 10803:Spider pig 10798:Spider-Ham 10595:Miss Piggy 10572:In culture 10484:Other uses 10467:Pork steak 10457:Spare ribs 10447:Tenderloin 10427:Pork belly 10402:Back bacon 10219:Subfamily 10097:Sus scrofa 9980:2844781845 9942:2844166032 9904:Sus scrofa 9215:Sus scrofa 8777:18 January 8104:dec.ny.gov 7968:. London. 7806:Sus scrofa 7462:(1): 1–8. 7329:5 December 7170:22 October 7160:"FAO Ch.8" 6852:6 December 6848:(1): 26–30 6821:6 December 6678:4 November 6310:Sus scrofa 6279:Groves, C. 5453:Sus scrofa 5401:7 December 5356:Sus scrofa 5167:Sus scrofa 5087:Sus scrofa 5065:References 4917:Management 4650:the dragon 4642:crossguard 4636:, a short 4560:white boar 4530:The boar ( 4447:Eurystheus 4330:berserkers 4178:Svinhufvud 4119:In culture 4108:erysipelas 4082:epizootics 3799:California 3706:Razorbacks 3556:New Forest 3424:Amur River 3216:Banded pig 3093:, trapped 2993:facilitate 2904:Earthworms 2773:Tajikistan 2741:coniferous 2723:enclosing 2698:Kazakhstan 2460:Ussuriland 2456:brown bear 2364:Sus scrofa 2305:pig breeds 2204:Banded pig 2194:songaricus 2017:, western 2011:Kazakhstan 1970:spatharius 1966:scrofoides 1950:oxyodontus 1926:flavescens 1682:nipponicus 1542:, western 1470:Asia Minor 1332:goramensis 1328:ceramensis 1309:variegatus 1301:syrmiensis 1249:monungulus 1225:hungaricus 1213:domesticus 1209:deliciosus 931:Subspecies 670:and Greek 585:feral pigs 581:hybridized 537:subspecies 470:wild swine 465:Sus scrofa 437:Lyon, 1916 376:natunensis 365:goramensis 334:ceramensis 232:Sus scrofa 18:Sus scrofa 15261:Suborder 15171:Guanaco ( 15143:Camelidae 15129:Suborder 15101:D. tajacu 15090:Dicotyles 15066:Catagonus 15053:T. pecari 14998:S. scrofa 14902:P. porcus 14891:Bushpig ( 14759:Babyrousa 14735:Suborder 14632:C. weynsi 14623:C. spadix 14488:C. adersi 14409:O. ourebi 14343:N. batesi 14332:Neotragus 14301:M. kirkii 14103:N. granti 14068:Gerenuk ( 14037:G. spekei 14001:G. dorcas 13858:Dibatag ( 13645:S. caffer 13610:Pseudoryx 13597:B. taurus 13577:Banteng ( 13552:B. gaurus 13481:Tamaraw ( 13327:Chamois ( 13309:Rupicapra 13296:P. nayaur 13272:O. vignei 13252:Mouflon ( 12951:C. hircus 12940:Markhor ( 12843:A. lervia 12608:Beatragus 12534:Aepyceros 12358:Gemsbok ( 12351:O. dammah 12193:P. carlae 12086:M. temama 12077:M. rufina 12041:M. chunyi 12023:M. bororo 11913:Capreolus 11839:C. nippon 11830:C. hanglu 11717:Elaphurus 11662:A. kuhlii 11576:Elaphodus 11444:Muntiacus 11279:M. indica 11268:Moschiola 11200:M. fuscus 11143:Moschidae 11004:Suborder 10964:Kingdom: 10850:Zhu Bajie 10758:TV series 10719:Super Pig 10712:Peppa Pig 10633:Old Major 10609:Porky Pig 10557:Razorback 10540:Wild boar 10509:Truffling 10504:Wrestling 10462:Pork rind 10437:Pork jowl 10432:Pork chop 10368:Slaughter 10338:Capocollo 10311:Swineherd 10296:Hog oiler 10207:Suborder 10108:View the 9820:236157683 9804:1365-2486 9766:14 August 9738:1937-2817 9691:214349584 9683:1937-2817 9633:196685896 9603:Ecosphere 9563:2045-2322 9495:1472-6785 9424:20 August 9359:9 October 9304:233601579 9251:9 October 9178:0022-541X 8826:154250096 8650:0236-0551 8539:(1): 42. 8084:31 August 8021:14 August 7740:Jääkaudet 7628:17 August 7550:0030-6053 7392:"Leopard" 7006:(4): 25. 6955:: 68–72. 6583:(Speech). 6398:New World 6044:(1): 52. 5865:Grubb, P. 5818:Babyrousa 5739:8 October 5620:8 October 5431:29 August 5214:Sus crofa 5165:"Species 5161:Grubb, P. 5039:cinghiale 4877:June bugs 4869:Hachinohe 4715:Christmas 4634:venabulum 4612:, Finland 4490:inoshishi 4417:Prajapati 4397:Brahmanas 4232:Eurycleia 4190:Neolithic 4171:President 4100:tularemia 4006:helminths 3953:peccaries 3913:Argentina 3866:Chalmette 3795:Tennessee 3683:Loch Ness 3679:Highlands 3653:BBC Radio 3641:River Wye 3593:; in the 3552:Charles I 3525:Astrakhan 3517:Leningrad 3456:Tian Shan 3448:Himalayas 3147:Lynx lynx 3123:Predators 3116:Axis axis 3083:cormorant 3067:galliform 3047:Pteridium 2989:artichoke 2961:beechnuts 2928:bird eggs 2837:) carcass 2835:Axis axis 2769:pistachio 2731:. In the 2709:deciduous 2619:lactation 2593:testicles 2547:hedgehogs 2539:Mongooses 2498:ukh! ukh! 2464:Manchuria 2313:Near East 2249:jubatulus 2245:andersoni 2174:canescens 2100:raddeanus 2015:Tien Shan 1962:planiceps 1958:palustris 1954:paludosus 1930:frontosus 1918:curtidens 1836:Andalusia 1552:Sri Lanka 1480:falzfeini 1340:papuensis 1289:siamensis 1269:polonicus 1265:pliciceps 1261:palustris 1253:moravicus 1217:gambianus 1201:chinensis 1185:bavaricus 1181:asiaticus 1150:fasciatus 1146:europaeus 1144:, 1911), 1094:Synonyms 1026:Includes 1004:Includes 986:and some 954:Includes 905:S. scrofa 889:Indonesia 879:S. scrofa 863:Skull of 824:Six years 803:3–5 years 787:Two years 597:Australia 530:Old World 460:wild boar 400:papuensis 261:Caribbean 208:Species: 146:Kingdom: 140:Eukaryota 53:Wild boar 43:Feral pig 15640:2.105520 15627:14200054 15575:10425427 15442:BioLib: 15387:Wikidata 15233:C. ferus 15189:Vicuña ( 15182:L. pacos 15180:Alpaca ( 15164:L. glama 15131:Tylopoda 14641:C. zebra 14569:C. niger 14143:Procapra 13921:Eudorcas 13897:Antilope 13634:Syncerus 13595:Cattle ( 13588:B. mutus 13516:B. bison 13456:B. arnee 13417:Nilgai ( 13294:Bharal ( 13285:Pseudois 13245:O. dalli 13227:O. aries 13218:O. ammon 13216:Argali ( 13168:Muskox ( 13135:Oreamnos 13113:N. goral 12996:C. walie 12880:Budorcas 12817:Caprinae 12762:Caprinae 12617:Hirola ( 12561:Peleinae 12543:Impala ( 12448:K. leche 12446:Lechwe ( 12342:O. beisa 12318:H. niger 11979:Taruca ( 11946:Rangifer 11876:A. alces 11777:Sambar ( 11704:R. eldii 11684:Rucervus 11642:Chital ( 11434:Cervinae 11421:Cervidae 11382:Cervidae 11310:Tragulus 10984:Eutheria 10978:Mammalia 10972:Chordata 10970:Phylum: 10966:Animalia 10886:Piganino 10860:Pig City 10747:Kazoops! 10648:Squealer 10643:Snowball 10638:Napoleon 10545:Heraldry 10417:Ham hock 10373:Suckling 10333:Bondiola 10316:Feedback 10256:Breeding 10247:Domestic 10233:Species 10197:Mammalia 10191:Chordata 10185:Animalia 10183:Kingdom 10088:22244535 10024:98023686 9920:Archived 9812:34288288 9760:Archived 9756:phys.org 9581:33767284 9513:31918698 9471:(1): 4. 9443:Archived 9403:17590063 9350:Archived 9346:16263321 9242:Archived 9190:Archived 9186:85904067 9139:39491692 9097:Foodbalt 9089:Archived 9061:Archived 8771:Archived 8654:Archived 8565:26239110 8502:Archived 8471:Archived 8441:Archived 8407:Archived 8374:Archived 8343:Archived 8316:Archived 8262:Archived 8211:cite web 8145:Archived 8114:22 April 8108:Archived 8050:Archived 7970:Archived 7936:Archived 7910:Archived 7868:Archived 7842:Archived 7722:Archived 7673:Archived 7622:Archived 7558:86199390 7476:88354782 7323:Archived 7289:Archived 7272:27110354 7215:25706582 7164:Archived 7138:Archived 7050:Archived 7032:27023619 6969:25796346 6815:Archived 6813:. IUCN. 6784:16612336 6669:Archived 6665:17855556 6597:Archived 6561:10747069 6531:Genetics 6509:19706455 6447:Archived 6383:Archived 6365:2 August 6175:Archived 6171:55390219 6121:Archived 6046:Archived 6011:Archived 5982:Archived 5947:Archived 5901:62265494 5867:(2005). 5733:Archived 5707:Archived 5674:Archived 5644:Archived 5614:Archived 5489:17384734 5425:Archived 5395:Archived 5197:62265494 5163:(2005). 5030:sanglier 4982:Babirusa 4946:See also 4906:Odysseus 4844:potatoes 4798:, Russia 4684:and the 4678:firearms 4665:red deer 4610:Helsinki 4540:Scottish 4532:sanglier 4474:Japanese 4443:Herakles 4423:and the 4421:Ramayana 4291:Scottish 4228:Odysseus 4208:Herakles 4135:Altamira 4068:hog lice 4063:Hyalomma 3963:and the 3959:queixada 3836:and the 3805:and the 3625:Dartmoor 3611:Galloway 3607:Dumfries 3541:Scotland 3501:Giza Zoo 3454:and the 3440:Mongolia 3432:Sakhalin 3384:Novgorod 3364:Khartoum 3338:and the 3230:Leopards 3095:muskrats 3089:chicks, 3063:leporids 3017:Aconitum 3000:vittatus 2996:invasive 2952:calories 2912:mollusks 2854:Rhizomes 2843:omnivore 2796:Alderney 2690:Caucasus 2670:habitats 2587:breeding 2524:eyesight 2502:gu-gu-gu 2237:east to 2182:coreanus 2168:Amur Bay 2158:Eastern 2091:region, 2019:Mongolia 1934:laticeps 1922:dicrurus 1914:collinus 1850:baeticus 1844:Sardinia 1725:and the 1674:japonica 1666:and the 1664:Hokkaido 1626:Pakistan 1582:isonotus 1578:isonotus 1548:Pakistan 1544:Thailand 1510:brindled 1458:Caucasus 1400:barbarus 1324:aruensis 1313:vulgaris 1305:turcicus 1297:suevicus 1293:sinensis 1245:macrotis 1233:italicus 1229:ibericus 1221:hispidus 1197:celticus 1193:capensis 1177:anglicus 1166:Boddaert 1024:Eastern: 952:Western: 891:and the 818:Old boar 760:Juvenile 739:Squeaker 697:boarlets 593:Americas 587:; these 555:and the 553:Far East 482:wild pig 369:De Beaux 315:aruensis 289:Synonyms 239:Linnaeus 186:Family: 170:Mammalia 160:Chordata 156:Phylum: 150:Animalia 136:Domain: 113:IUCN 3.1 62:Holocene 15749:ZooBank 15741:1469456 15614:1006377 15536:7705930 15345:Cetacea 15336:Cetacea 15204:Camelus 15162:Llama ( 15042:Tayassu 14858:Porcula 14407:Oribi ( 14398:Ourebia 14281:Madoqua 14266:Beira ( 14187:Saigini 14094:N. dama 13972:Gazella 13821:Bovidae 13819:Family 13790:T. oryx 13710:Bongo ( 13692:Nyala ( 13619:Saola ( 13541:Gayal ( 13445:Bubalus 13360:Bovinae 13356:Bovidae 13354:Family 13270:Urial ( 12960:C. ibex 12889:Takin ( 12813:Bovidae 12811:Family 12774:Bovinae 12700:C. gnou 12479:Redunca 12391:Addax ( 12275:Bovidae 12273:Family 12181:Pudella 12168:P. pudu 12059:M. nana 11874:Moose ( 11644:A. axis 11611:D. dama 11473:M. feae 11419:Family 11394:Bovidae 11339:T. napu 11153:Moschus 11089:Giraffa 11074:Okapi ( 10976:Class: 10955:species 10951:Extant 10550:Hunting 10489:Bladder 10412:Fatback 10363:Scalder 10323:As food 10286:Pannage 10270:Farming 10213:Family 10189:Phylum 10111:susScr3 9718:Bibcode 9663:Bibcode 9611:Bibcode 9572:7994638 9543:Bibcode 9504:6953143 9473:Bibcode 9411:1528398 9296:1782427 9276:Bibcode 9131:2659696 8556:4524169 7942:30 July 7916:30 July 7787:4 April 7679:30 July 7491:"Tiger" 7263:4834338 7242:Bibcode 7195:Bibcode 7144:22 June 7023:4846825 7000:Animals 6949:Toxicon 6792:4331236 6741:4264868 6719:Bibcode 6656:1976408 6633:Bibcode 6552:1461048 6500:2752532 6477:Bibcode 6119:: 361. 5480:1802013 5035:Italian 4894:rutting 4865:famines 4748:Cologne 4702:Apicius 4672:, when 4640:with a 4600:, Italy 4552:langued 4536:English 4460:) from 4445:brings 4425:Puranas 4381:Asterix 4376:Culhwch 4372:Veteris 4349:Tacitus 4306:Mathura 4289:of the 4276:Hittite 4264:Ephesus 4220:Theseus 4205:demigod 4163:Luumäki 4104:anthrax 3967:caititu 3917:Uruguay 3815:Georgia 3811:Florida 3769:Vermont 3740:History 3714:Florida 3667:culling 3651:on the 3493:Denmark 3485:Finland 3481:Karelia 3444:Sichuan 3348:Siberia 3328:Eurasia 3280:cervids 3258:In the 3238:mouflon 3157:), and 3061:fawns, 3023:Anemone 2973:bracken 2944:carrion 2932:lizards 2920:rodents 2908:insects 2898:garbage 2876:berries 2798:in the 2753:nutpine 2729:meadows 2725:marshes 2678:deserts 2603:whelped 2520:hearing 2477:Belarus 2448:Western 2352:extinct 2348:Vietnam 2315:in the 2269:typicus 2265:rhionis 2253:milleri 2231:Sumatra 2023:Kashgar 1896:Sichuan 1892:Vietnam 1858:sardous 1840:Corsica 1801:Maremma 1748:reiseri 1733:lybicus 1658:All of 1590:typicus 1586:jubatus 1574:indicus 1566:aipomus 1562:aipomus 1558:affinis 1468:coast, 1466:Caspian 1454:Balkans 1450:Ukraine 1446:Hungary 1442:Romania 1394:Morocco 1390:Algeria 1386:Tunisia 1273:sardous 1237:juticus 1205:crispus 1162:setosus 1002:Indian: 984:lybicus 925:Malacca 716:Hunting 693:piglets 617:English 512:on the 506:suiform 502:Oceania 490:Eurasia 484:, is a 434:tuancus 415:scropha 358:Jentink 342:enganus 273:Bermuda 196:Genus: 176:Order: 166:Class: 111: ( 15715:104172 15702:730013 15673:NZOR: 15588:180722 15510:305279 15497:SUXXSC 15484:328663 15393:Q58697 14749:Suidae 14350:Suni ( 14083:Nanger 13568:Zebu ( 13550:Gaur ( 13435:Bovini 13159:Ovibos 12464:Puku ( 12439:K. kob 12003:Mazama 11792:Cervus 11065:Okapia 10908: 10785:Rasher 10614:Piglet 10494:Racing 10291:Toilet 10225:Genus 10221:Suinae 10215:Suidae 10201:Order 10195:Class 10086: 10066:spp". 10022: 10012: 9978: 9954: 9940: 9883: 9864: 9845: 9818: 9810: 9802: 9736: 9689: 9681: 9631: 9579: 9569: 9561: 9511: 9501: 9493: 9409: 9401: 9344: 9302: 9294: 9184: 9176: 9137: 9129: 9099:(2014) 9072: 9043: 9011: 8976: 8925: 8905: 8874: 8847: 8824: 8763: 8732: 8648: 8619: 8563: 8553: 8349:25 May 8322:25 May 8295:25 May 8268:25 May 8237:25 May 8201:25 May 8174:25 May 8046:Dunoon 7848:14 May 7746: 7702: 7650: 7614: 7556: 7548: 7474: 7270: 7260: 7213: 7120: 7056:22 May 7030: 7020: 6967: 6790: 6782: 6761:Nature 6739: 6711:Nature 6663: 6653: 6559: 6549: 6507: 6497: 6426: 6406:Brazil 6289: 6250: 6217: 6169: 5899: 5889: 5851: 5828: 5793: 5773: 5713:13 May 5666:"boar" 5636:"boar" 5592: 5558: 5487: 5477: 5366: 5195: 5185: 5026:French 5024:, the 4910:Adonis 4848:melons 4817:, the 4693:Soviet 4626:Romans 4598:Umbria 4594:trophy 4517:Buryat 4505:Mongol 4433:avatar 4429:Varaha 4409:Vishnu 4405:asuras 4368:Moccus 4353:Baltic 4351:, the 4310:Varaha 4268:Athens 4240:Adonis 4167:family 4102:, and 4066:) and 4060:, and 3921:Brazil 3901:States 3884:Canada 3580:Dorset 3489:Askola 3477:Norway 3473:Sweden 3436:fossil 3406:(near 3400:Irtysh 3388:Moscow 3372:Ionian 3368:Sahara 3356:alpine 3299:Flores 3291:Komodo 3284:bovids 3206:cattle 3198:Dholes 3173:) and 3132:Tigers 3041:Ferula 3035:Caltha 2985:potato 2957:Acorns 2936:snakes 2894:shoots 2886:Leaves 2862:tubers 2847:humans 2831:chital 2807:spruce 2792:France 2784:Komodo 2705:Europe 2682:alpine 2674:taigas 2632:estrus 2436:Europe 2321:Cyprus 2317:Tigris 2239:Komodo 2164:Ussuri 2130:Taiwan 2082:Soviet 1723:Levant 1719:Turkey 1464:, the 1456:, the 1452:, the 1317:wittei 1168:, 1785 1142:Thomas 1091:Range 1082:Image 996:attila 992:scrofa 988:scrofa 732:Image 705:scrofa 569:humans 547:. The 421:, 1827 410:, 1826 408:Garnot 404:Lesson 371:, 1924 360:, 1905 349:, 1916 329:, 1906 327:Miller 310:, 1858 281:Alaska 190:Suidae 15736:WoRMS 15728:17081 15601:41775 15570:IRMNG 15562:42134 15471:53HGR 15458:12365 15445:20880 14737:Suina 14220:Saiga 14161:Goa ( 13680:kudus 12904:Capra 12571:Pelea 12437:Kob ( 12419:Kobus 12382:Addax 11865:Alces 11819:Elk ( 10869:Other 10532:feral 10378:Blood 10328:Bacon 10262:Shows 10209:Suina 9816:S2CID 9687:S2CID 9629:S2CID 9418:(PDF) 9407:S2CID 9379:(PDF) 9353:(PDF) 9322:(PDF) 9300:S2CID 9245:(PDF) 9220:(PDF) 9182:S2CID 9135:S2CID 9127:JSTOR 8822:S2CID 8410:(PDF) 8399:(PDF) 7591:(PDF) 7576:(PDF) 7554:S2CID 7526:(5). 7497:[ 7472:S2CID 7398:[ 7211:S2CID 6788:S2CID 6737:S2CID 6672:(PDF) 6621:(PDF) 6581:(PDF) 6178:(PDF) 6167:S2CID 6147:(PDF) 6079:"Sus" 5875:. In 5322:[ 5171:. In 5016:Latin 4998:Notes 4899:thigh 4856:maize 4707:garum 4638:spear 4564:badge 4521:China 4462:Vulci 4431:, an 4401:Indra 4360:Celts 4356:Aesti 4338:Freyr 4287:crest 4272:lions 4252:Irish 4248:Hades 4224:Phaea 4072:flies 4046:ticks 4008:like 3949:IBAMA 3933:feral 3929:IBAMA 3759:from 3643:into 3629:Devon 3627:, in 3603:Devon 3568:DEFRA 3566:(now 3497:Egypt 3452:Pamir 3430:. On 3396:Ishim 3392:Urals 3352:Japan 3336:Korea 3295:Rinca 3249:tiger 3087:heron 3029:Calla 2981:fungi 2940:frogs 2880:seeds 2866:bulbs 2858:roots 2788:Rinca 2721:beech 2516:smell 2293:Timor 2225:From 2186:gigas 2160:China 1942:melas 1660:Japan 1540:Burma 1536:Nepal 1532:India 1336:niger 1257:nanus 1158:ferus 1154:ferox 1070:basal 885:MtDNA 873:), a 710:Latin 662:Latin 561:tiger 392:niger 308:Blyth 78:Male 15666:9823 15661:NCBI 15596:IUCN 15583:ITIS 15544:GISD 15531:GBIF 15492:EPPO 15453:BOLD 15343:see 15153:Lama 13207:Ovis 12331:Oryx 12147:Pudu 11741:Rusa 11633:Axis 11600:Dama 10656:Babe 10530:and 10528:Wild 10477:Tail 10452:Ribs 10442:Loin 10396:Cuts 10353:Pork 10348:Lard 10173:Pigs 10084:PMID 10062:and 10020:LCCN 10010:ISBN 9976:ISBN 9952:ISBN 9938:ISBN 9881:ISBN 9862:ISBN 9843:ISBN 9808:PMID 9800:ISSN 9768:2021 9734:ISSN 9679:ISSN 9577:PMID 9559:ISSN 9509:PMID 9491:ISSN 9426:2012 9399:PMID 9361:2014 9342:PMID 9292:OSTI 9253:2014 9198:2021 9174:ISSN 9070:ISBN 9041:ISBN 9009:ISBN 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